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Biotechnological Applications and Health-Promoting Properties of Flavonols: An Updated View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031710. [PMID: 35163632 PMCID: PMC8835978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols are a subclass of natural flavonoids characterized by a remarkable number of biotechnological applications and health-promoting properties. They attract researchers’ attention due to many epidemiological studies supporting their usage. They are phytochemicals commonly present in our diet, being ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and, in particular, relatively very abundant in fruits and vegetables. All these aspects make flavonols candidates of choice for the valorization of products, based on the presence of a remarkable number of different chemical structures, each one characterized by specific chemical features capable of influencing biological targets inside the living organisms in very different manners. In this review, we analyzed the biochemical and physiological characteristics of flavonols focalizing our attention on the most promising compounds to shed some light on their increasing utilization in biotechnological applications in processing industries, as well as their suitable employment to improve the overall wellness of the humankind.
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Wiśniewska KM, Twarda-Clapa A, Białkowska AM. Novel Cold-Adapted Recombinant Laccase KbLcc1 from Kabatiella bupleuri G3 IBMiP as a Green Catalyst in Biotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9593. [PMID: 34502503 PMCID: PMC8431773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted enzymes are useful tools in the organic syntheses conducted in mixed aqueous-organic or non-aqueous solvents due to their molecular flexibility that stabilizes the proteins in low water activity environments. A novel psychrophilic laccase gene from Kabatiella bupleuri, G3 IBMiP, was spliced by Overlap-Extension PCR (OE-PCR) and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant KbLcc1 laccase has an optimal temperature of 30 °C and pH of 3.5, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0 in the reaction with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, sinapic acid, and syringaldazine, respectively. Moreover, laccase KbLcc1 is highly thermolabile, as it loses 40% of activity after 30 min at 40 °C and is inactivated at 50 °C after the same period of incubation. The new enzyme remained active with 1 mM of Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ and with 2 mM of Co2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but Fe2+ greatly inhibited the laccase activity. Moreover, 1% ethanol had no impact on KbLcc1, although acetone and ethyl acetate decreased the laccase activity. The presence of hexane (40%, v/v) caused a 58% increase in activity. Laccase KbLcc1 could be applied in the decolorization of synthetic dyes and in the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. After 5 days of reaction at 20 °C, pH 3.5, with 1 mM ABTS as a mediator, the vanillin concentration was 21.9 mg/L and the molar yield of transformation reached 14.39%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta M. Białkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.W.); (A.T.-C.)
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Wang Y, Zhang N, Wang Q, Yu Y, Wang P. Chitosan grafting via one-enzyme double catalysis: An effective approach for improving performance of wool. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117157. [PMID: 33183608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is considered as a green additive with broad application prospects due to its advantages like biodegradability and antibacterial ability. Herein, we proposed an effective chitosan grafting approach via "one-enzyme double catalysis" strategy which aimed at functionalizing wool fibers to achieve bidirectionally multiple covalent crosslinking between chitosan and wool by laccase/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidization. The mechanism was studied using models of wool and chitosan in terms of UV, FTIR, GPC and MALDI-TOF MS. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology of wool fiber grafted with chitosan were characterized by ATR-FTIR and SEM. Compared with untreated wool, this efficient method can significantly improve the dimensional stability to felting (2.53 %), wettability and dyeability of wool fabric, and can also compensate for the strength loss caused by the pretreatment. The present work provides a useful path for the enzymatic modification of keratin-containing fibers like wool using chitosan and other natural biopolymers with similar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Bai R, Yu Y, Wang Q, Shen J, Yuan J, Fan X. Chitosan-templated bio-coloration of cotton fabrics via laccase-catalyzed polymerization of hydroquinone. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:643-654. [PMID: 32625039 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the development of enzymatic coloration of textile fabrics as an alternative to conventional textile dyeing processes, which is successful for dyeing protein fibers. However, unmodified cotton fabrics are difficult to be dyed through enzyme catalysis due to the lack of affinity of biosynthesized dyes to cotton fibers. In order to improve the enzyme-catalyzed dyeability of cotton fibers, chitosan was used to coat cotton fabrics as template. A novel and facile bio-coloration technique using laccase catalysis of hydroquinone was developed to dye chitosan-templated cotton fabrics. The polymerization of hydroquinone with the template of chitosan under the laccase catalysis was monitored by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer on the absorbance of reaction solution. A significant peak of UV-vis spectrum at 246 nm corresponding to large conjugated structures appeared and increased with increasing the duration of enzymatic catalysis. The effect of different treatment conditions on the laccase-catalyzed dyeing of cotton fabric was investigated to determine their optimal parameters of laccase-catalyzed coloration. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra demonstrated the formation of H-bond and Schiff base reaction between chitosan and polymerized hydroquinone. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of dyed cotton fiber was much rougher than that of the control sample. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also revealed the existence of the chitosan/polymerized hydroquinone complex and polymerized hydroquinone on the dyed cotton fibers. This chitosan-templated approach offers possibility for biological dyeing coloration of cotton fabrics and other cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China.,Textile Engineering and Materials Research Group School of Design De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester UK
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Shen
- Textile Engineering and Materials Research Group School of Design De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester UK
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
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Fungal Enzymes for the Textile Industry. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Su J, Shim E, Noro J, Fu J, Wang Q, Kim HR, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A. Conductive Cotton by In Situ Laccase-Polymerization of Aniline. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1023. [PMID: 30960948 PMCID: PMC6403699 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive cotton fabrics were obtained via in situ aniline polymerization by laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila under mild reaction conditions without the addition of strong proton acids. The reactions were conducted using two types of reactors, namely a water bath (WB) and an ultrasonic bath (US), and the role of a mediator, 1-hydroxybenzotriazol (HBT), on the laccase-assisted polymerization of aniline was investigated. A similar polymerization degree was obtained when using both reactors-however, the ultrasonic bath allowed the experiments to be conducted in shorter periods of time (24 h for WB vs. 2 h for US). The data obtained also revealed that the mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazol-HBT) played a crucial role in aniline oxidation. A higher conversion yield and polymerization degree were obtained when the reaction was conducted in the presence of this compound, as confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. The cotton fabrics coated with polyaniline presented deep coloration and conductivity, especially when the mediator was included on the reactional system. The results obtained are a step forward in the enzymatic polymerization of aniline with the purpose of obtaining coloured conductive textile surfaces, with potential applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Euijin Shim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Jiajia Fu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Slagman S, Zuilhof H, Franssen MCR. Laccase-Mediated Grafting on Biopolymers and Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Review. Chembiochem 2018; 19:288-311. [PMID: 29111574 PMCID: PMC5836925 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Laccase-mediated grafting on lignocelluloses has gained considerable attention as an environmentally benign method to covalently modify wood, paper and cork. In recent decades this technique has also been employed to modify fibres with a polysaccharide backbone, such as cellulose or chitosan, to infer colouration, antimicrobial activity or antioxidant activity to the material. The scope of this approach has been further widened by researchers, who apply mediators or high redox potential laccases and those that modify synthetic polymers and proteins. In all cases, the methodology relies on one- or two-electron oxidation of the surface functional groups or of the graftable molecule in solution. However, similar results can very often be achieved through simple deposition, even after extensive washing. This unintended adsorption of the active substance could have an adverse effect on the durability of the applied coating. Differentiating between actual covalent binding and adsorption is therefore essential, but proves to be challenging. This review not only covers excellent research on the topic of laccase-mediated grafting over the last five to ten years, but also provides a critical comparison to highlight either the lack or presence of compelling evidence for covalent grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Slagman
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadNankai DistrictTianjin92000P. R. China
| | - Maurice C. R. Franssen
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
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Song JE, Su J, Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C, Kim HR. Bio-coloration of bacterial cellulose assisted by immobilized laccase. AMB Express 2018; 8:19. [PMID: 29435681 PMCID: PMC5809631 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work a process for the bio-coloration of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes was developed. Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was immobilized onto BC membranes and retained up to 88% of residual activity after immobilization. Four compounds belonging to the flavonoids family were chosen to test the in situ polymerase activity of immobilized laccase. All the flavonoids were successfully polymerized by laccase giving rise to yellow, orange and dark brown oligomers which conferred color to the BC support. The optimal bio-coloration conditions were studied for two of the tested flavonoids, catechol and catechin, by varying the concentration and time of incubation. High color depth and resistance to washing were obtained for both compounds. The highly porous bacterial cellulose material demonstrated great performance as a bio-coloration support, in contrast to other materials cited in literature, like cotton or wool. The process developed is presented as an environmentally friendly alternative for bacterial cellulose bio-coloration and will contribute deeply for the development of new fashionable products within this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Song
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro-47-gil 100 (Cheongpa-dong 2ga), Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jing Su
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro-47-gil 100 (Cheongpa-dong 2ga), Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
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Kushwaha A, Maurya S, Pathak RK, Agarwal S, Chaurasia PK, Singh MP. Laccase From White Rot Fungi Having Significant Role in Food, Pharma, and Other Industries. RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND INDUSTRIAL ENZYMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5237-6.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are an interesting group of N glycosylated multicopper blue oxidase enzymes and the widely studied enzyme having a broad range of substrate specificity of both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. They are widely found in fungi, bacteria plant, insects, and in lichen. They catalyze the oxidation of various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. They could increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of products without a costly investment. This chapter depicts the applications of laccase enzyme from white rot fungi, having various industrial (such as textile dye bleaching, paper and pulp bleaching, food includes the baking, it also utilized in fruit juice industry to improve the quality and stabilization of some perishable products having plant oils), pharmaceutical (as it has potential for the synthesis of several useful drugs such anticancerous, antioxidants, synthesis of hormone derivatives because of their high value of oxidation potential) significance.
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Su J, Fu J, Wang Q, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A. Laccase: a green catalyst for the biosynthesis of poly-phenols. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:294-307. [PMID: 28738694 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1354353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Laccases (benzene diol: oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) are able to catalyze the oxidation of various compounds containing phenolic and aniline structures using dissolved oxygen in water. Laccase structural features and catalytic mechanisms focused on the polymerization of aromatic compounds are reported. A description about the most recent research on the biosynthesis of chemicals and polymers is made. Selected applications of this technology are considered as well as the advantages, shortcomings and future needs related with the use of laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- a Key laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- a Key laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- a Key laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Carla Silva
- b Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- a Key laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.,b Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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Jia W, Wang Q, Fan X, Dong A, Yu Y, Wang P. Laccase-mediated in situ oxidation of dopa for bio-inspired coloration of silk fabric. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the biological coloration of silk fabric by laccase-mediated in situ oxidation of dopa is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weini Jia
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- College of Textiles and Clothing
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Aixue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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Goltz D, Ahmadi S, Crawford J, Craig D. Photochemical properties of selected flavonol dyes: Effects on their separation using capillary electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1247714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jeremie Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Douglas Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Nady N. PES Surface Modification Using Green Chemistry: New Generation of Antifouling Membranes. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6020023. [PMID: 27096873 PMCID: PMC4931518 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation in using membrane-based separation processes is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling. This drawback can be addressed thanks to surface modification treatments. A new and promising surface modification using green chemistry has been recently investigated. This modification is carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst (enzyme) and nontoxic modifier, which can be safely labelled “green surface modification”. This modification can be considered as a nucleus of new generation of antifouling membranes and surfaces. In the current research, ferulic acid modifier and laccase bio-catalyst were used to make poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membrane less vulnerable to protein adsorption. The blank and modified PES membranes are evaluated based on e.g., their flux and protein repellence. Both the blank and the modified PES membranes (or laminated PES on silicon dioxide surface) are characterized using many techniques e.g., SEM, EDX, XPS and SPM, etc. The pure water flux of the most modified membranes was reduced by 10% on average relative to the blank membrane, and around a 94% reduction in protein adsorption was determined. In the conclusions section, a comparison between three modifiers—ferulic acid, and two other previously used modifiers (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid)—is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Nady
- Polymeric Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Boarg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Forootanfar H, Faramarzi MA. Insights into laccase producing organisms, fermentation states, purification strategies, and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1443-63. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Forootanfar
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran 1417614411 Iran
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Pezzella C, Guarino L, Piscitelli A. How to enjoy laccases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:923-40. [PMID: 25577278 PMCID: PMC11113763 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the scientific literature published in the last 10 years reveals a constant growth of laccase applicative research in several industrial fields followed by the publication of a great number of patents. The Green Chemistry journal devoted the cover of its September 2014 issue to a laccase as greener alternative for chemical oxidation. This indicates that laccase "never-ending story" has found a new promising trend within the constant search for efficient (bio)catalysts able to meet the 12 green chemistry principles. A survey of ancient and cutting-edge uses of laccase in different industrial sectors is offered in this review with the aim both to underline their potential and to provide inspiration for new ones. Applications in textile and food fields have been deeply described, as well as examples concerning polymer synthesis and laccase-catalysed grafting. Recent applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy,
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Sun X, Bai R, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Fan X, Yuan J, Cui L, Wang P. Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidative Polymerization of Phenolic Compounds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1673-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun SS, Xing T, Tang RC. Simultaneous Coloration and Functionalization of Wool, Silk, and Nylon with the Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Oxidation Products of Caffeic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303350z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Sun
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College
of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tieling Xing
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College
of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Cheng Tang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College
of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Garcia-Ubasart J, Vidal T, Torres AL, Rojas OJ. Laccase-Mediated Coupling of Nonpolar Chains for the Hydrophobization of Lignocellulose. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1637-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400291s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Garcia-Ubasart
- Textile and Paper
Engineering
Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Teresa Vidal
- Textile and Paper
Engineering
Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Antonio L. Torres
- Textile and Paper
Engineering
Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Departments of Forest Biomaterials
and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005,
United States
- School of Science
and Technology,
Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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21
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Abstract
A new concept of enzymatic coloration of silk fiber with tea polyphenols (TP) in the presence of Rhus vernicifera Laccase was proposed in this study. Three methods were investigated: the simultaneous enzymatic polymerization of TP and coloration of silk, the polymerization of TP with laccase followed by a further coloration of silk, and the adsorption of TP by silk followed by laccase treatment. All the methods, especially the first two methods can increase the color depth of silk and improve the color fastness. The color depth of silk increases with the dyeing time and the laccase concentration up to 4 U/mL at pH 5.0 and 50oC.
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22
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Akhtar MJ, Jacquot M, Jasniewski J, Jacquot C, Imran M, Jamshidian M, Paris C, Desobry S. Antioxidant capacity and light-aging study of HPMC films functionalized with natural plant extract. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:1150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Nyanhongo GS, Nugroho Prasetyo E, Herrero Acero E, Guebitz GM. Engineering Strategies for Successful Development of Functional Polymers Using Oxidative Enzymes. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Grabber JH, Ress D, Ralph J. Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: impact of epicatechin, quercetin glycoside, and gallate derivatives on the lignification and fermentation of maize cell walls. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5152-60. [PMID: 22475000 DOI: 10.1021/jf203986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoplastic targeting of secondary metabolites compatible with monolignol polymerization may provide new avenues for designing lignins that are less inhibitory toward fiber fermentation. To identify suitable monolignol substitutes, primary maize cell walls were artificially lignified with normal monolignols plus various epicatechin, quercetin glycoside, and gallate derivatives added as 0 or 45% by weight of the precursor mixture. The flavonoids and gallates had variable effects on peroxidase activity, but all dropped lignification pH. Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin vanillate, epigallocatechin, galloylhyperin, and pentagalloylglucose formed wall-bound lignin at moderate to high concentrations, and their incorporation increased 48 h in vitro ruminal fiber fermentability by 20-33% relative to lignified controls. By contrast, ethyl gallate and corilagin severely depressed lignification and increased 48 h fermentability by about 50%. The results suggest several flavonoid and gallate derivatives are promising lignin bioengineering targets for improving the inherent fermentability of nonpretreated cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Grabber
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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25
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Laccase-catalysed protein–flavonoid conjugates for flax fibre modification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:585-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Guimarães C, Kim S, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A. In situ laccase-assisted overdyeing of denim using flavonoids. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1272-9. [PMID: 21751397 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A laccase-mediated system for denim overdyeing using phenolic compounds was developed. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. Laccase-generated polymers gave rise to new coloration states from dark brown to green-yellow and replaced dyes in the overdyeing process. Process parameters, such as enzyme dosage, incubation time and presence of mediator, were studied by considering a compromise between the highest overdyeing level and lower energy/products consumption (2 U/mL laccase; 4 h incubation in the absence of mediator). Enzyme-generated polymers were followed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and their level of attachment to denim surfaces was evaluated by means of spectral values quantification [k/s, Kubelka-Munk relationship (k=absorption coefficient, s=scattering coefficient)]. Overdyeing of denim with phenolics, such as catechol or catechin, was successfully achieved with acceptable levels in terms of durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Guimarães
- University of Minho, Textile Engineering Department, Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Jeon JR, Baldrian P, Murugesan K, Chang YS. Laccase-catalysed oxidations of naturally occurring phenols: from in vivo biosynthetic pathways to green synthetic applications. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:318-32. [PMID: 21791030 PMCID: PMC3821676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are oxidases that contain several copper atoms, and catalyse single-electron oxidations of phenolic compounds with concomitant reduction of oxygen to water. The enzymes are particularly widespread in ligninolytic basidiomycetes, but also occur in certain prokaryotes, insects and plants. Depending on the species, laccases are involved in various biosynthetic processes contributing to carbon recycling in land ecosystems and the morphogenesis of biomatrices, wherein low-molecular-weight naturally occurring phenols serve as key enzyme substrates. Studies of these in vivo synthetic pathways have afforded new insights into fungal laccase applicability in green synthetic chemistry. Thus, we here review fungal laccase-catalysed oxidations of naturally occurring phenols that are particularly relevant to the synthesis of fine organic chemicals, and we discuss how the discovered synthetic strategies mimic laccase-involved in vivo pathways, thus enhancing the green nature of such reactions. Laccase-catalysed in vivo processes yield several types of biopolymers, including those of cuticles, lignin, polyflavonoids, humus and the melanin pigments, using natural mono- or poly-phenols as building blocks. The in vivo synthetic pathways involve either phenoxyl radical-mediated coupling or cross-linking reactions, and can be adapted to the design of in vitro oxidative processes involving fungal laccases in organic synthesis; the laccase substrates and the synthetic mechanisms reflect in vivo processes. Notably, such in vitro synthetic pathways can also reproduce physicochemical properties (e.g. those of chromophores, and radical-scavenging, hydration and antimicrobial activities) found in natural biomaterials. Careful study of laccase-associated in vivo metabolic pathways has been rewarded by the discovery of novel green applications for fungal laccases. This review comprehensively summarizes the available data on laccase-catalysed biosynthetic pathways and associated applications in fine chemical syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Rok Jeon
- Corporate R&D Group, LG Chem Research Park, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
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28
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Nady N, Schroën K, Franssen MCR, Lagen BV, Murali S, Boom RM, Mohyeldin MS, Zuilhof H. Mild and highly flexible enzyme-catalyzed modification of poly(ethersulfone) membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:801-810. [PMID: 21344870 DOI: 10.1021/am101155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes are widely used in industry for separation and purification purposes. However, the drawback of this type of membranes is fouling by proteins. For that reason, modification of PES membranes has been studied to enhance their protein repellence. This paper presents the first example of enzyme-catalyzed modification of PES membranes. Various phenolic acids (enzyme substrates) were bound to a membrane under very mild conditions (room temperature, water, nearly neutral pH) using only laccase from Trametes versicolor as catalyst. The extent of modification, monitored, for example, by the coloration of the modified membranes, can be tuned by adjusting the reaction conditions. The most significant results were obtained with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid as substrates. The presence of a covalently bound layer of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on the grafted membranes was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and NMR. In the case of gallic acid, PES membrane modification is mainly caused by adsorption of enzymatically formed homopolymer. The ionization potential of the substrates, and the electronic energies and spin densities of the radicals that are intermediates in the attachment reaction were calculated (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) to determine the reactive sites and the order of reactivity of radical substrates to couple with the PES membrane. The calculated order of reactivity of the substrates is in line with the experimental observations. The calculated spin densities in the phenolic radicals are highest at the oxygen atom, which is in line with the formation of ether linkages as observed by IRRAS. The liquid fluxes of the modified membranes are hardly influenced by the grafted layers, in spite of the presence of a substantial and stable new layer, which opens a range of application possibilities for these modified membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Nady
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Enzymatic Polymer Functionalisation: Advances in Laccase and Peroxidase Derived Lignocellulose Functional Polymers. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Kim S, Silva C, Evtuguin DV, Gamelas JAF, Cavaco-Paulo A. Polyoxometalate/laccase-mediated oxidative polymerization of catechol for textile dyeing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:981-7. [PMID: 20953600 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effect between polyoxometalates (POMs), namely K(5)[SiW(11)V(V)O(40)]·11H(2)O and H(5)[PMo(10)V(V) (2)O(40)]·13H(2)O and laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila has been employed for the first time in oxidative polymerization of catechol. Such a laccase-mediator system allowed the formation of a relatively high molecular weight polycatechol as confirmed by size exclusion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) (3990 Da when using K(5)[SiW(11)V(V)O(40)]·11H(2)O and 3600 Da with H(5)[PMo(10)V(V) (2)O(40)]·13H(2)O). The synthesized polymers were applied as dyes for the dyeing of flax fabrics. The color intensity of flax fabrics colored with polymer solutions was evaluated by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry via k/s measurements (+10% of fixation ratio). A new synthetic process allowed a dyeing polymer, provided upon flax coloration, better color fixation and color resistance when compared to that obtained by conventional synthesis with laccase solely or with addition of organic mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Textile Engineering Department, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Jeon JR, Kim EJ, Murugesan K, Park HK, Kim YM, Kwon JH, Kim WG, Lee JY, Chang YS. Laccase-catalysed polymeric dye synthesis from plant-derived phenols for potential application in hair dyeing: Enzymatic colourations driven by homo- or hetero-polymer synthesis. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 3:324-35. [PMID: 21255331 PMCID: PMC3815374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase efficiently catalyses polymerization of phenolic compounds. However, knowledge on applications of polymers synthesized in this manner remains scarce. Here, the potential of laccase‐catalysed polymerization of natural phenols to form products useful in hair dyeing was investigated. All 15 tested phenols yielded coloured products after laccase treatment and colour diversity was attained by using mixtures of two phenolic monomers. After exploring colour differentiation pattern of 120 different reactions with statistical regression analysis, three monomer combinations, namely gallic acid and syringic acid, catechin and catechol, and ferulic acid and syringic acid, giving rise to brown, black, and red materials, respectively, were further characterized because such colours are commercially important for grey hair dyeing. Selected polymers could strongly absorb visible light and their hydrodynamic sizes ranged from 100 to 400 nm. Analyses of enzyme kinetic constants, liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) coupled with collision‐induced dissociation MS/MS indicate that both monomers in reactions involving catechin and catechol, and ferulic acid and syringic acid, are coloured by heteropolymer synthesis, but the gallic acid/syringic acid combination is based on homopolymer mixture formation. Comparison of colour parameters from these three reactions with those of corresponding artificial homopolymer mixtures also supported the idea that laccase may catalyse either hetero‐ or homo‐polymer synthesis. We finally used selected materials to dye grey hair. Each material coloured hair appropriately and the dyeing showed excellent resistance to conventional shampooing. Our study indicates that laccase‐catalysed polymerization of natural phenols is applicable to the development of new cosmetic pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Rok Jeon
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Kim S, Silva C, Zille A, Lopez C, Evtuguin DV, Cavaco-Paulo A. Characterisation of enzymatically oxidised lignosulfonates and their application on lignocellulosic fabrics. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Mikolasch A, Schauer F. Fungal laccases as tools for the synthesis of new hybrid molecules and biomaterials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:605-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Guebitz GM. Topical Issue: “Biotechnical Functionalization of Renewable Polymeric Materials”. Eng Life Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200890016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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