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Dey KK, Mondal P, Chattopadhyay A. Environmentally relevant lead alters nuclear integrity in erythrocytes and generates oxidative stress in liver of Anabas testudineus: Involvement of Nrf2-Keap1 regulation and expression of biomarker genes. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:260-271. [PMID: 37655692 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of lead (Pb) on a freshwater fish, climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) were studied at an environmentally relevant concentration (43.3 ppm). The genotoxic potential of Pb was confirmed by micronucleus study, with increased frequencies of erythrocytic nuclear alterations like lobed, blebbed, notched, fragmented, and micronuclei were observed in erythrocytes in treated groups as compared to control. Inorganic Pb induces oxidative stress which is a consequence of elevated level of Reactive Oxygen Species. Hepatotoxicity was assessed both by the oxidative stress and cellular responses that emerged due to the toxic assault of Pb in the liver, the most important detoxifying organ. Upregulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme like catalase was evident after 15, 30, and 90 days of exposure, and a profound effect was observed on 30th days. The level of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione was increased after Pb exposure. Histoarchitectural damages of liver were distinctly evident in treated fish. Western blot analysis confirmed the expressional alterations of stress-responsive marker proteins like Nrf2, Keap1, Hsp70, and Nqo1. Pb exposure resulted in increased expression of Hsp70, Nrf2, and Nqo1, whereas Keap1 was downregulated, suggesting the involvement of Nrf2-Keap1 regulation as a cytoprotective mechanism against Pb toxicity.
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Soldi KC, Londero JEL, Schavinski CR, Schuch AP. Genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503638. [PMID: 37188436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has abundant surface water resources, huge aquatic biodiversity and is home to 213 million people. Genotoxicity assays are sensitive tools to detect the effects of contaminants in surface waters and wastewaters, as well as to determine potential risks of contaminated waters to aquatic organisms and human health. This work aimed to survey the articles published in 2000-2021 that evaluated the genotoxicity of surface waters within Brazilian territory to unveil the profile and trends of this topic over time. In our searches, we considered articles focused on assessing aquatic biota, articles that conducted experiments with caged organisms or standardized tests in the aquatic sites, as well as articles that transported water or sediment samples from aquatic sites to the laboratory, where exposures were performed with organisms or standardized tests. We retrieved geographical information on the aquatic sites evaluated, the genotoxicity assays used, the percentage of genotoxicity detected, and, when possible, the causative agent of aquatic pollution. A total of 248 articles were identified. There was a trend of increase in the number of publications and annual diversity of hydrographic regions evaluated over time. Most articles focused on rivers from large metropolises. A very low number of articles were conducted on coastal and marine ecosystems. Water genotoxicity was detected in most articles, regardless of methodological approach, even in little-studied hydrographic regions. The micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay were widely applied with blood samples, mainly derived from fish. Allium and Salmonella tests were the most frequently used standard protocols. Despite most articles did not confirm polluting sources and genotoxic agents, the detection of genotoxicity provides useful information for the management of water pollution. We discuss key points to be assessed to reach a more complete picture of the genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Costa Soldi
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Escalante-Rojas MC, Tolussi CE, Gomes AD, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Brambila-Souza G, Branco GS, Moreira RG. Integrated use of biomarkers to evaluate the reproductive physiology of Astyanax fasciatus and Hoplias malabaricus males (Teleostei: Characiformes) in polluted reservoirs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111502. [PMID: 33120267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive physiology of fish can be changed by the presence of pollutants in the water, which act as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC). We evaluated the impacts of water contaminants in polluted reservoirs acting as possible EDC on the reproductive physiology of Astyanax fasciatus and Hoplias malabaricus males. We used biomarkers with different levels of biological organization. Hoplias malabaricus adult males were collected in the summer and winter at five different sites in the Tietê River Basin: the Ponte Nova reservoir (PN), considered a reference site due to the low anthropogenic influence; the Billings reservoir (BIL) at two different branches; and the Guarapiranga reservoir (GUA) at two different branches. Astyanax fasciatus adult males were collected at PN and BIL. BIL and GUA are subjected to great anthropogenic action. We analyzed gonadal histomorphology, testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), estradiol (E2) plasma levels, and gene expression of hepatic vitellogenin (vtgA) and pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (fshβ). In the PN reservoir (reference), the biomarkers analyzed in both species did not differ between the periods analyzed. This is an evidence that the animals keep the same reproductive activity during both seasons. The changes in the plasma concentration of gonadal steroids in both species in polluted reservoirs suggest the presence of EDC compounds in the water and/or adjusts of the physiological setpoint to allow the reproduction in such adverse conditions. The use of vtgA as biomarker suggests the presence of estrogenic compounds, mainly in BIL, but with a more evident response of H. malabaricus. However, even considering physiological changes, both species present testes during the maturation phase that allow the reproduction in an environment with a high degree of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Escalante-Rojas
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav.14, nº 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Tolussi
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, R. Dr. Almeida Lima, 1134 - Parque da Mooca, 03164-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline D Gomes
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav.14, nº 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav.14, nº 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Brambila-Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), V. Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana S Branco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), V. Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav.14, nº 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Silva DDS, Gonçalves B, Rodrigues CC, Dias FC, Trigueiro NSDS, Moreira IS, de Melo E Silva D, Sabóia-Morais SMT, Gomes T, Rocha TL. A multibiomarker approach in the caged neotropical fish to assess the environment health in a river of central Brazilian Cerrado. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141632. [PMID: 32889457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water safety is a world-wide concern and several efforts have been made in order to ensure the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. Water quality monitoring must be performed with an integrated approach using biomonitor organisms allied to water parameters. Nonetheless, very few studies have focused on biomarker responses in neotropical fish, especially in the freshwater ecosystem of Brazilian Cerrado savanna. In present study, the active biomonitoring of the João Leite river (central Brazilian Cerrado river) was performed through the evaluation of biomarker responses in caged Astyanax lacustris in combination with land use classification and analysis of water parameters. Caged fish were exposed for seven days at four sites along the river and two control groups were kept in a tank under controlled conditions. Results showed that pasture was the predominant land use in the João Leite river basin (54.07%), followed by natural vegetation (34.92%) and other kind of land use (11.01%). Water analyses showed metal concentrations (Mn and Fe) above the maximum allowed by Brazilian regulation, with particularly higher concentrations at Site 2 (near to pasture area). Biomarker responses did not show significant differences for somatic and mutagenic biomarkers between sites. However, the comet assay showed high DNA damage at Sites 2 and 3, indicating genotoxic effects in caged fish at pasture areas. Histopathological analysis showed highest frequency of leukocyte infiltration in liver of fish from Site 2, confirming the ecotoxic effects on A. lacustris in streams impacted by grazing activities. DNA damage and leukocyte infiltration in fish hepatic tissues were sensitive biomarkers in the neotropical fish A. lacustris to assess the environment health of the Cerrado river. These results showed the importance of using a multibiomarker approach in environmental risk assessment, especially in areas more at risk from anthropogenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cândido Carvalho Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cirqueira Dias
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Izabella Soares Moreira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular Behaviour, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.
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D'Agostini F, La Maestra S. Micronuclei in Fish Erythrocytes as Genotoxic Biomarkers of Water Pollution: An Overview. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 258:195-240. [PMID: 34611757 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and marine water bodies receive chemical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, urban, and domestic wastes. Eco-genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess the cumulative genotoxicity of these pollutants. Fish are suitable indicators for biomonitoring of mutagenic and carcinogenic pollution.In this review, we present a complete overview of the studies performed so far using the micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes of fish exposed to polluted water. We have listed all the species of fish used and the geographical distribution of the investigations. We have analyzed and discussed all technical aspects of using this test in fish, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different experimental protocols. We have reported the results of all studies. This assay has become, for years, one of the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective for assessing genotoxic risk in aquatic environments. However, there are still several factors influencing the variability of the results. Therefore, we have given indications and suggestions to achieve a standardization of experimental procedures and ensure uniformity of future investigations.
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Sula E, Aliko V, Pagano M, Faggio C. Digital light microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluation of fish erythrocyte morphological abnormalities. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:362-369. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eldores Sula
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University Tirana Albania
| | - Valbona Aliko
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University Tirana Albania
| | - Maria Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
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Moon WK, Atique U, An KG. "Ecological risk assessments and eco-toxicity analyses using chemical, biological, physiological responses, DNA damages and gene-level biomarkers in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in an urban stream". CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124754. [PMID: 31726531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted the ecological risk assessment in an urban stream by using multiple-level approaches ranging from community level, chemical analyses in water and sediments, physiological assays of DNA biomarkers, embryonic development tests, and gene-level marker analyses of cyp1a, c-Fos, CRH, transgenic fli1:GFP and HuC:eGFP in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In water, the chemical perturbations based on nutrients (N,P), organic matter, ionic contents and metals identified in downstream zone. Analogous corroborations verified in sediment samples having hazardous metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Cd). The chemical contaminations reflected significant damages in fish DNA, based on tDNA, tail length (TL), and tail extent moment (TEM). Zebrafish embryonic development experiments significantly enlightened the chemical contaminants in downstream compared to those in control and reference conditions. Hatching and survival rates rigorously declined in downstream region. Embryonic development delayed and followed by death in the downstream substantiated by the above-mentioned findings. Similar were the findings on heart rate and pigmentation largely affected in the contaminated zone. Pollutants in urban stream reflected significantly at the gene level, and were corroborated through experiments using transgenic zebrafish strains that were influenced by pollutants during the process of occurrence. In conclusion, these studies illuminate the community to gene-level ecological health assessment that could be useful for ecological risk assessments of urban streams and rivers. Further, the gene-level biomarkers and transgenic zebrafish experiments combination propose the procedures could be effectively used as sensitive and efficient biomarkers of ecological health and risk assessment in urban streams from community to gene-level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ki Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Guk An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Cardoso CM, Maluf A, Moreno BB, Nobre CR, Maranho LA, Handan BA, Abessa DMDS, Pereira CDS, Ribeiro DA. Common snook juveniles, Centropomus undecimalis, as biomonitor organisms to evaluate cytogenotoxicity effects of surface estuarine water from Southern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110513. [PMID: 31454616 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Centropomus undecimalis fish inhabit the highly contaminated Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SESS) and could be a good biomonitor of contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the cytogenotoxic potential of superficial water from SESS using C. undecimalis as a biomonitoring model and to validate the use of farmed fish as controls. Using biochemical (DNA damage and Lipid Peroxidation - LPO), cellular (erythrocyte nuclear abnormality - ENA) and tissue (8-OHdG immunoexpression) biomarkers, our results showed fish from SEES had higher LPO concentration in gills and higher frequency of reniform, lobed and total ENA in erythrocytes when compared with control farmed fish. Thus, SESS surface water are cytogenotoxic for blood and gills cells of fishes. C. undecimalis has shown to be a good biomonitor model and farmed fish can be used as control only if livers were not the target organs of study since the dietary food from farmed fish causes steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Auro Maluf
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Estadual University of Sao Paulo, UNESP - São Vicente, Santa Cecília University, UNISANTA, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Estadual University of Sao Paulo, UNESP - São Vicente, Santa Cecília University, UNISANTA, SP, Brazil
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9
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Singh M, Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Distinctive fingerprints of genotoxicity induced by As, Cr, Cd, and Ni in a freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19445-19452. [PMID: 31077041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of three toxic elements (chromium, cadmium, nickel) and a metalloid (arsenic) has been studied in a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus using micronuclei (MN) test, comet assay, and erythrocyte nuclear alterations (ENAs) as fingerprints of genotoxicity. These tests yielded different results suggesting involvement of different mechanisms for their genotoxicity. While highest frequency of blebbed nuclei was observed in chromium-treated fish (6.5 ± 0.76), lowest was observed in cadmium-treated fish (4.0 ± 1.0). Maximum number of notched nuclei was recorded in arsenic-treated fish (5.5 ± 1.15) whereas highest numbers of lobed nuclei were found in cadmium-treated fish (4.5 ± 0.13). These differences might be attributed to selective bioaccumulation and chemodynamics of each element. Other parameters used to determine genotoxicity viz.: lipid peroxidation and DNA damage also suggested different mechanisms of their genotoxicity. It is suggested that an integrative approach, using a battery of tests for determining genotoxicity, should be made while making environmental health risk assessment and ecotoxicological studies of these toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Singh
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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Davico CE, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Poletta G, Simoniello MF. Stress oxidative and genotoxicity in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) exposed to commercial formulation of insecticide cypermethrin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:79-84. [PMID: 30192683 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of toxic pesticides has become a world problem because they can contaminate streams and rivers, producing an adverse impact on non-target aquatic biota, including fishes. Cypermethrin is one of the most important insecticides to control ectoparasites in wide-scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial formulations of cypermethrin, SHERPA O (0.0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 µg/L of cypermethrin) in fish Prochilodus lineatus for 96 h in semi-static condition, using biomarkers of genotoxicity: micronucleus frequency (MNF) in erythrocytes and biomarkers of oxidative damage: lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant defenses, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue. Our results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of CAT at pesticide concentrations of 0.150 and 0.300 μg/L, but no significant difference was observed in TBARS or GSH in any exposed group (p > 0.05) in comparison to the control. A significant increase was observed in the MNF in the group exposed to 0.3 μg/L of cypermethrin compared to negative control (p < 0.05). Finally, P. lineatus proved to be a sensitive species to the commercial formulations of cypermethrin and that CAT and MNF are effective indicators of these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Davico
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Loteste
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M J Parma
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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11
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Duarte RM, Benaduce AP, Garcia L, Gomes LC, Gomes AC, Val AL, Baldisserotto B. High waterborne Mg does not attenuate the toxic effects of Fe, Mn, and Ba on Na + regulation of Amazonian armored catfish tamoatá (Hoplosternum litoralle). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18027-18037. [PMID: 29691741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Formation water (FoW) is a by-product from oil and gas production and usually has high concentrations of soluble salts and metals. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) have been shown to reduce the toxicity of metals to aquatic animals, and previous study showed that high waterborne Ca exerts mild effect against disturbances on Na+ regulation in Amazonian armored catfish tamoatá (Hoplosternum littorale) acutely exposed to high Fe, Mn, and Ba levels. Here, we hypothesized that high Mg levels might also reduce the toxic effects of these metals on Na+ regulation of tamoatá. The exposure to 5% FoW promoted an increase in Na+ uptake and a rapid accumulation of Na+ in all tissues analyzed (kidney<plasma<gills<carcass<liver), besides increasing the branchial activity of both NKA and v-type H+-ATPase in fish. High waterborne Mg lowered Na+ efflux rates and markedly inhibited Na+ uptake, and also reduced both NKA activity and newly Na+ accumulation in gills of fish. High Fe levels increased Na+ net losses and inhibited Na+ uptake in tamoatá. The diffusive Na+ losses and the newly accumulated Na+ in gills were reduced in fish exposed to high Mn and Ba. High waterborne Ba also inhibited NKA in gills, while both high Mn and Ba inhibited v-type H+-ATPase in kidney of tamoatá. High Mg did not lessen the toxic effect of Fe on Na+ net fluxes, and reduced even more Na+ uptake and the newly Na+ accumulation in gills and plasma, and did not prevent the inhibition of both NKA and v-type H+-ATPases in kidney. Furthermore, Mg did not attenuate the effect of Mn on inhibition Na+ uptake, keeping the activity of v-type H+-ATPase in kidney significantly lowered. High Mg levels mildly attenuated the effects of Ba in Na+ balance by increasing the new accumulation of Na+ in liver, and restore the activity of both NKA and v-type H+-ATPase in gills of tamoatá. Overall, high waterborne Mg does not have a strong contribution to, or have only minor effects, in protecting tamoatá against disruptions in Na+ regulation mediated by high Fe, Mn, and Ba levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Duarte
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Benaduce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luciano Garcia
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Levy C Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Deutschmann B, Kolarevic S, Brack W, Kaisarevic S, Kostic J, Kracun-Kolarevic M, Liska I, Paunovic M, Seiler TB, Shao Y, Sipos S, Slobodnik J, Teodorovic I, Vukovic-Gacic B, Hollert H. Longitudinal profile of the genotoxic potential of the River Danube on erythrocytes of wild common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) assessed using the comet and micronucleus assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1441-1449. [PMID: 27519325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3; the biggest river expedition in 2013) had offered the unique opportunity for a large-scale monitoring approach for biomarker response in feral fish collected along a Danube stretch from Kehlheim (DE) to Sulina (RO). The advantage of genotoxicity as a marker for pollution exposure in fish is the early detection of possible long-term effects such as cancer. Therefore, genotoxicity was in the focus of the biomarker investigations in fish during the expedition. Blood samples of common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) for the investigation of the micronucleus frequency and comet tail intensity of fragmented DNA material in erythrocytes were collected at 18 and 12 sampling sites, respectively. For 9 sampling sites same samples were used to compare the in-situ data for the comparable genotoxic endpoint in the micronucleus (MN) and comet assay (CM). The data of both in-situ assays showed a significant correlation, indicating the strength and comparability of the data sets. Significant variation in DNA damage in fish along the longitudinal profile of the Danube was demonstrated for both assays compared to reference sites. The results suggest that DNA damage in erythrocytes of fish was mainly affected by wastewater of highly populated regions. No linkage between the results and the general health/dietary status of the fish were revealed, whereas correlation with some genotoxicity drivers in the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stoimir Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kostic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kracun-Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Liska
- International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Momir Paunovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandor Sipos
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vukovic-Gacic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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Morais CR, Carvalho SM, Araujo GR, Souto HN, Bonetti AM, Morelli S, Campos Júnior EO. Assessment of water quality and genotoxic impact by toxic metals in Geophagus brasiliensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:328-334. [PMID: 26991381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study used the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis as a bioindicator to survey the health of the aquatic environment on four sites (P1, P2, P3 and P4) of the Mumbuca stream located at Monte Carmelo/MG, Brazil. The selection of different sites was made with reference to the gradient of urban activity and via physicochemical and biological evaluation of water quality and genotoxicity. The water quality index was classified as 'good' for P1 and P4, regular in P2 and 'poor' for P3. The micronuclei (MN) frequency obtained from blood analysis was in agreement with the water quality, such that the higher values of MN were detected in sites evaluated as poor. Water degradation conditions worsen according to the flow of the stream over the sites P1, P2 and P3, but for site P4, located after the Monte Carmelo Sewage Treatment Plant, improvements in the micronuclei frequency are detected. Our results showed high levels of potentially toxic metals (chromium, lead, aluminum and nickel) in specific stream sites (P2 and P3). We suggest that the micronuclei induction in G. brasiliensis could be due to the presence of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Resende Morais
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38.900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephan Malfitano Carvalho
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37.200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Galber Rodrigues Araujo
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38.900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nazareth Souto
- Department of Cell Biology, Carmelitana Mário Palmério Foundation, Jardim Zenith, 38.530-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38.900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38.900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edimar Olegário Campos Júnior
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38.900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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da Silva FA, Schneider CH, Feldberg E, Baccaro FB, Carvalho NDM, Gross MC. Genomic Organization Under Different Environmental Conditions: Hoplosternum Littorale as a Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:197-208. [PMID: 26981695 PMCID: PMC4892195 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon has abundant rivers, streams, and floodplains in both polluted and nonpolluted environments, which show great adaptability. Thus, the goal of this study was to map repetitive DNA sequences in both mitotic chromosomes and erythrocyte micronuclei of tamoatás from polluted and nonpolluted environments and to assess the possible genotoxic effects of these environments. Individuals were collected in Manaus, Amazonas (AM), and submitted to classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, as well as to a blood micronucleus test. Diploid number equal to 60 chromosomes are present in all individuals, with 18S ribosomal DNA sites present in one chromosome pair and no interstitial telomeric sites on chromosomes. The micronucleus test showed no significant differences in pairwise comparisons between environments or collection sites, but the Rex3 retroelement was dispersed on the chromosomes of individuals from unpolluted environments and compartmentalized in individuals from polluted environments. Divergent numbers of 5S rDNA sites are present in individuals from unpolluted and polluted environments. The mapping of repetitive sequences revealed that micronuclei have different compositions both intra- and interindividually that suggests different regions are lost in the formation of micronuclei, and no single fragile region undergoes breaks, although repetitive DNA elements are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francijara Araújo da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Schneider
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Natália Dayane Moura Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Gross
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Vlastos D, Antonopoulou M, Konstantinou I. Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity of 2-chlorophenol on bacteria, fish and human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:649-655. [PMID: 26897408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive use of chlorophenols (CPs) in anthropogenic activities, 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), among other CPs, can enter aquatic ecosystems and can be harmful to a variety of organisms, including bacteria, fish and humans, that are exposed directly and/or indirectly to such contaminated environments. Based on the existing knowledge and in order to move a step forward, the purpose of this study is to investigate the toxic and mainly the genotoxic effects of 2-CP using a combination of bioassays. The tests include the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and micronuclei induction in the erythrocytes of Carassius auratus as well as in cultured human lymphocytes. The results obtained reveal that 2-CP is able to induce dose-dependent toxic and genotoxic effects on the selected tested concentrations under the specific experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
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16
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de Jesus IS, Cestari MM, Bezerra MDA, Affonso PRADM. Genotoxicity Effects in Freshwater Fish from a Brazilian Impacted River. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:490-495. [PMID: 26894492 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) in four fish species from an impacted river in Northeastern Brazil, characterized by accumulation of heavy metals and organic sewage. Two carnivores (Serrasalmus brandtii and Hoplias malabaricus) and two omnivore species (Oreochromis niloticus and Geophagus brasiliensis), used as food sources by local populations, were collected during the dry and the rainy season along Contas River basin. Nuclear abnormalities (bulbs, binuclei, lobes, micronuclei, notches, and vacuoles) were reported in all fish samples, with high occurrence in S. brandtii and H. malabaricus, species commonly found in local fish markets. This result agrees with previous analyses of accumulation of trace metals in both species, suggesting an association of genotoxic effects and biomagnification. Moreover, native specimens collected near urban areas presented higher frequencies of NA while O. niloticus seems to be more tolerant to environmental contamination. Therefore, effective policies are required to reduce the contamination of Contas River, since pollution by xenobiotics are potential threats to both local biodiversity and human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isac Silva de Jesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequié, BA, 45206-190, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Almeida Bezerra
- Department of Chemistry and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil
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17
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Vaz S Silva S, Dias AHC, Dutra ES, Pavanin AL, Morelli S, Pereira BB. The impact of water pollution on fish species in southeast region of Goiás, Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 79:8-16. [PMID: 26699803 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1099484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rivers from the region of Catalão, Southeast Goiás State, Brazil, are exposed to intense anthropogenic influences including agricultural activities, industry, and urban waste. The aim of this study was to determine the severity of water pollution by conducting an experiment involving in situ biomonitoring of water constituents on genotoxicity in fish inhabiting these sites. The genotoxicity of three sites of the region were analyzed utilizing the micronucleus (MN) test. It was of interest to determine whether there were differences between sampling sites such as urban perimeter, agriculture, and fertilizer industry in control, and monitored species including Astyanax fasciatus, Astyanax altiparanae, and Characidium fasciatum. Data demonstrated that the species at sites 1, 2, and 3 exhibited a marked increase in frequency of MN compared to fish from site 4. Significant elevation in frequency of MN occurred in erythrocytes of A. fasciatus and A. altiparanae at sites 1 and 2. At site 3 higher frequencies of MN were observed in C. fasciatum. MN induction in C. fasciatum was correlated with chromium levels in water and sediment, while A. fasciatum and A. altiparanae showed an association with zinc in water and sediment. Data suggest that benthic and nektonic fish species display different sensitivities in relation to anthropogenic contaminant influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Vaz S Silva
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Aurélio Henrique C Dias
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Elaine S Dutra
- b Department of Agronomy , Biological and Applied Social Studies, State University of Mato Grosso, Campus of Nova Xavantina , Nova Xavantina , Mato Grosso State , Brazil
| | - Alfredo L Pavanin
- c Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Boscolli B Pereira
- d Department of Environmental Health , Laboratory of Vigilance in Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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18
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Udroiu I, Sgura A, Vignoli L, Bologna MA, D'Amen M, Salvi D, Ruzza A, Antoccia A, Tanzarella C. Micronucleus test on Triturus carnifex as a tool for environmental biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:412-417. [PMID: 25263003 DOI: 10.1002/em.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The amphibian micronucleus test has been widely used during the last 30 years to test the genotoxic properties of several chemicals and as a tool for ecogenotoxic monitoring. The vast majority of these studies were performed on peripheral blood of urodelan larvae and anuran tadpoles and to a lesser extent adults were also used. In this study, we developed protocols for measuring micronuclei in adult shed skin cells and larval gill cells of the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex). Amphibians were collected from ponds in two protected areas in Italy that differed in their radon content. Twenty-three adult newts and 31 larvae were captured from the radon-rich pond, while 20 adults and 27 larvae were taken from the radon-free site. The animals were brought to the laboratory and the micronucleus test was performed on peripheral blood and shed skins taken from the adults and on larval gills. Samples from the radon-rich site showed micronucleus frequencies higher than those from the radon-free site and the difference was statistically significant in gill cells (P < 0.00001). Moreover, the larval gills seem to be more sensitive than the adult tissues. This method represents an easy (and noninvasive in the case of the shed skin) application of the micronucleus assay that can be useful for environmental studies in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università "Roma Tre,", Rome, Italy
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19
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de Campos Júnior EO, Pereira BB, Morelli S, Pavanin EV, Pavanin LA. Biological monitoring and B chromosome frequency in Bagre (Rhamdia quelen) in southeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:510-517. [PMID: 25168153 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The genus Rhamdia presents B chromosomes which appear to be present in most species of the genus and thus represent an important characteristic in the evolutionary process. Furthermore, variations in environmental conditions can induce the presence of B chromosomes generated by alterations in the cell cycle, due to the interference from pollutants. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic aspects of individuals of a population of Rhamdia quelen collected in three areas with differing standards of water quality in the River Uberabinha, a region of the County of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Piscine Micronucleus Test results indicate significant genotoxic and cytotoxic potential at the sampling Sites. The chromosome count yielded the modal number 2n=58 with variance between zero and seven B chromosomes. The highest frequency of B chromosomes and the presence of karyotypes with seven supernumerary chromosomes occurred at Site 3, referring, thus, to the location of the highest genotoxic potential. There was a positive correlation between the presence of B chromosomes and the reduction in environmental quality. Therefore, the process of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic environments may be crucial to determine the presence of B chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior
- Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Umuarama Campus, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Umuarama Campus, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Campus Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Erich Vectore Pavanin
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Geography, Department of Geography, Campus Santa Mônica, CEP 38405-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alfredo Pavanin
- Federal University of São Paulo-USP, Institute of Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Campus Santa Mônica, CEP 38405-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Ribeiro DL, Barcelos GRM, d'Arce LPG. Genotoxic effects of water from São Francisco River, Brazil, in Astyanax paranae. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:274-279. [PMID: 24849712 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic monitoring is an important tool for identifying potential compounds in rivers that may damage the environment. Here, we evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of water samples from São Francisco River (Brazil) using the micronuclei (MN) assay in resident species, Astyanax paranae. Four seasonal collections occurred between the years 2009 and 2010, at three locations between two nearby cities in the region. It was clearly observed an increase of MN frequency in fish caught in the river. This result is most likely due to the sewage contamination from the treatment plant, the waste pesticides from crops and the lack of riparian vegetation along the river, especially during the winter when there was a significant increase in the frequencies of MN. These results indicate that compounds in waters from São Francisco River may have genotoxic effects and consequently, cause damage to the environment as well as to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Biological Sciences, State University of West of Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP 85819-110, Brazil
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21
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Bogoni JA, Armiliato N, Araldi-Favassa CT, Techio VH. Genotoxicity in Astyanax bimaculatus (Twospot Astyanax) exposed to the waters of Engano River (Brazil) as determined by micronucleus tests in erythrocytes. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:441-449. [PMID: 24435477 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in aquatic environments are potentially large, and effects on biota are highly variable. In Santa Catarina State, Brazil, the main sources of pollution in headwaters are wastewater, pesticides, and animal waste, which contain chemical and organic additives, and there is little knowledge about their effects on aquatic organisms. This study was aimed at investigating the possible genotoxic effects of the waters of the Engano River through the micronucleus (MN) test in Astyanax bimaculatus erythrocytes. Samplings were performed at two sites on the river, and there were six temporal repetitions with collection of blood from six individuals per site/repetition. For the negative-control treatment, we used fish from organic culture; cyclophosphamide was inoculated to constitute the positive-control treatment. MN was obtained in 3,000 erythrocytes/individual. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Scott-Knott test, and Spearman correlation were employed for data analysis. We found 124 MN in fish from the river, with 70 and 54 MN, respectively, for each site and 16 and 59 MN in negative and positive controls, respectively. The results showed a statistical difference for the formation of MN between river fish and fish in the positive-control treatment. Considering the average MN, we found the formation of three distinct groups: (1) fish from site no. 1 and those in the negative-control group, (2) fish from site no. 2, and (3) fish in the positive-control group. The greater values of chromosomal damage were found during periods of lower rainfall. The test used indicated the presence in the water of substances likely to cause clastogenic and aneugenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano André Bogoni
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-970, Brazil,
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22
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Fuzinatto CF, Flohr L, Melegari SP, Matias WG. Induction of micronucleus of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to waters from the Cubatão do Sul River, southern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:103-109. [PMID: 24138896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to characterize the pollution of surface waters by potentially genotoxic agents, this study aimed at assessing the frequency of micronucleated (MN) erythrocytes of the fish species, Oreochromis niloticus, from the Cubatão do Sul River. This river is the source of drinking water for the region of Florianópolis, capital of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Negative control fish showed low frequency of MN, ranging between 0.49‰ and 0.90‰. Positive control (potassium dichromate 2.5 mg/L) organisms showed high MN frequency (16.82-17.25‰). The MN frequency increased along the river (Site 1--1.24‰ winter 2011; Site 4--9.76‰ summer 2011). Based on the observation of elevated MN erythrocytes frequency in O. niloticus exposed to water samples from along the river course, we conclude that the complex environmental mixtures of water from the Cubatão do Sul River have genotoxic potential. This genotoxicity most likely originated from agricultural runoff and domestic effluents released without treatment, based on the evidence from literature data and a survey in the region. This study provides a scientific basis for future studies regarding the genotoxicity of complex environmental mixtures in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane F Fuzinatto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, LABTOX, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Vera-Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), as bioassay for agrochemical-induced genotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:368-73. [PMID: 24011534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of two 48 percent chlorpyrifos-based insecticides (Lorsban* 48E® and CPF Zamba®), two 50 percent pirimicarb-based insecticides (Aficida® and Patton Flow®), and two 48 percent glyphosate-based herbicides (Panzer® and Credit®) to induce DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) exposed under laboratory conditions was evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. In those fish exposed to Lorsban* 48E®, CPF Zamba®, Aficida®, Patton Flow®, Credit®, and Panzer®, a significant increase of the genetic damage was observed for all formulations regardless of the harvesting time. This genotoxic effect was achieved by an enhancement of Type II-IV comets and a concomitant decrease of Type 0-I comets over control values. A regression analysis revealed that the damage varied as a negative function of the exposure time in those Lorsban* 48E®- and Aficida®-treated fish. On the other hand, a positive correlation between damage increase and exposure time was achieved after Patton Flow® and Credit® treatment. Finally, no correlation was observed between increase in the genetic damage and exposure time after treatment with CPF Zamba® or Panzer®. These results highlight that all agrochemicals inflict primary genotoxic damage at the DNA level at sublethal concentrations, regardless of the exposure time of the aquatic organisms under study, at least within a period of 96 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera-Candioti
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Melo KM, Alves IR, Pieczarka JC, de Oliveira David JA, Nagamachi CY, Grisolia CK. Profile of micronucleus frequencies and nuclear abnormalities in different species of electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) from the Eastern Amazon. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:425-9. [PMID: 24130451 PMCID: PMC3795177 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of spontaneous micronucleus (MN) formation in fish species needs to be determined to evaluate their usefulness for genotoxic biomonitoring. The definition of a good bioindicator takes into account the current knowledge of its metabolic traits as well as other factors including its feeding behavior and relationship to the environment. In this study, we compared the basal frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes and nuclear abnormalities (NA) among different species of the fish Order Gymnotiformes (Rhamphichthys marmoratus, Steatogenys elegans, Sternopygus macrurus, Parapteronotus hasemani, Gymnotus mamiraua, Gymnotus arapaima, Brachyhypopomus beebei, Brachyhypopomus n. sp. BENN) sampled in several localities of the Eastern Amazon. A baseline of MN and NA frequency in these fish was determined, enabling the identification of potentially useful species as models for genotoxicity studies. Only one impacted sample collected at a site in the River Caripetuba showed a significant number of NAs, which may be due to the release of wastewater by neighbouring mining industries and by the burnt fuel released by the small boats used by a local community. Our results may provide support for further studies in areas of the Eastern Amazon affected by mining, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Motta Melo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Vieira VARO, Correia TG, Moreira RG. Effects of aluminum on the energetic substrates in neotropical freshwater Astyanax bimaculatus (Teleostei: Characidae) females. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:1-8. [PMID: 22960447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of acidic pH and acute aluminum (Al) exposure on the metabolic substrates of Astyanax bimaculatus, and on the ability of these animals to recover in clean water. After an acclimation period, sexually mature A. bimaculatus females were sorted into six glass aquaria with three experimental groups: control in neutral pH (7.0), acidic pH (5.5), and Al (0.5 mg·L(-1)) in acidic pH (5.5). After a 96 h treatment, 10 animals from each experimental group were sampled and the rest were returned to clean water in neutral pH without Al for a recovery period of 96 h. The acidic pH, either alone or combined with Al, decreased T4 levels, whereas Al exposure increased T3 levels. Recovery of T3 levels occurred after 96 h. Al exposure decreased ovary and plasma proteins, muscle glycogen contents, and hepatic lipids due to lipoperoxidation. In the recovery phase, lipids decreased in most tissues, probably to re-establish ovary protein and hepatic glycogen. A. bimaculatus prioritized the use of energetic resources during acclimatization to Al instead of prioritizing reproduction, thereby avoiding the ovulation of impaired eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A R O Vieira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Baldisserotto B, Garcia LO, Benaduce AP, Duarte RM, Nascimento TL, Gomes LC, Chippari Gomes AR, Val AL. Sodium fluxes in tamoatá, Hoplosternum litoralle, exposed to formation water from Urucu Reserve (Amazon, Brazil). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 62:78-84. [PMID: 21503699 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation water (produce water or oil field brine) from oil and gas production usually has high concentrations of soluble salts and metals. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of formation water from Urucu Reserve, Amazon, on whole-body uptake and internal distribution of newly accumulated Na+ in juvenile tamoatá, Hoplosternum litoralle. Groups of fish were submitted to nine treatments for 3 h in 400-ml chambers: control (well water), 5% formation water, and well water with respective concentrations of 5% formation water of Ca2+, Fe, Mn, Ba2+, Fe+Ca2+, Mn+Ca2+, and Ba+Ca2+ added. Specimens of tamoatá exposed to 5% formation water presented a very high Na+ influx, probably due to the high Na+ levels in this water. Waterborne Fe and Mn stimulated Na+ influx, but Fe increased Na+ efflux, causing Na+ loss. Waterborne Mn, on the other hand, decreased Na+ efflux, reducing Na+ loss by this species. Waterborne Ca2+ also affected Na+ influx but had no significant effect on net Na+ fluxes. These results demonstrated that spilling of formation water in ion-poor Amazon rivers would dramatically disrupt osmoregulatory balance of tamoatá and probably other Amazon fish species, impairing their survival and reduce biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Vera Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the formulated insecticide Aficida® on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Poeciliidae). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 703:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Egito LCM, dos Santos PE, do Amaral VS, de Medeiros SRB, Agnez-Lima LF. Use of native species Crenicichla menezesi (Ariidae) as a model for in situ evaluation of genotoxicity in surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:6042-6046. [PMID: 20822797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyze the genotoxicity in surface water from the Pitimbú River (Natal, Brazil) using a neotropical species Crenicichla menezesi as bioindicator for in situ evaluation. The genotoxicity was analyzed using the micronucleus (MN) and comet assays in erythrocytes. The animals were collected from five sites of the river. A significant increase of MN frequency and comet class L1 to L4 were observed only in specimens collected from three sampling sites (SS3, SS4 and SS5) located into urban areas. These same sites also presented high metals concentration. Correlation of DNA damage and concentrations of Cu (Spearman r=0.8080), Cr (Spearman r=0.9772), and Ni (Spearman r=0.9909) were observed. These data indicate the presence of genotoxic agents. Moreover the C. menezesi species showed to be a good indicator for prompt analyses since this species presents sedentary and carnivore habits.
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Barbosa JS, Cabral TM, Ferreira DN, Agnez-Lima LF, de Medeiros SRB. Genotoxicity assessment in aquatic environment impacted by the presence of heavy metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:320-325. [PMID: 19910047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to access the genotoxic potential of Extremoz Lake waters in Northeastern Brazilian coast, using the Allium cepa system, piscine micronucleus test and comet assay. In addition, heavy metal levels were quantified by atomic absorption flame spectrometry. The results of the A. cepa system showed significant changes in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and in the mitotic index compared to negative control. No significant changes were observed in micronuclei frequency in the erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus. The comet assay showed a statistically significant alteration in the level of DNA breaks of O. niloticus. Chemical analysis detected an increase in heavy metal levels in different sampling periods. These results point out a state of deterioration of water quality at Extremoz Lake, caused by heavy metal contamination and genotoxic activity. It is recommended to establish a monitoring program for the presence of genotoxic agents in this water lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
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Yadav KK, Trivedi SP. Sublethal exposure of heavy metals induces micronuclei in fish, Channa punctata. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1495-1500. [PMID: 19880156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Present studies were designed to evaluate toxic potential of three common heavy metals, adequately present in agro-industrial effluents, viz. mercury, arsenic and copper using in vivo micronucleus assay in an actinopterygiian fish, Channa punctata (2n=32). Ten days laboratory acclimatized fishes were divided into five groups. Groups I and II served as negative and positive controls, respectively and fishes of group III-V were subjected uninterrupted to sublethal concentrations (10% of 96 h LC50) of heavy metal compounds, HgCl2 (0.081 mg L(-1)), As2O3 (6.936 mg L(-1)) and CuSO(4).5H2O (0.407 mg L(-1)) for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h of exposure periods. Significant increase over and above negative control in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in fishes exposed to metal compounds. The average frequency of micronuclei in fishes exposed to Hg(II), As(III) and Cu(II) observed was 9.79, 12.03 and 8.86, respectively. It reveals that the order of induction of micronuclei frequency and toxicity was As>Hg>Cu. Findings depict genotoxic potential of these metal compounds even in sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh K Yadav
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP, India
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de Moraes Pantaleão S, Alcântara AV, Hora Alves JDP, Pavanin LA, Graf U, de Rezende AAA, Bueno Valadares BL, Fragiorge EJ, de Souza NC, Guterres ZDR, Spanó MA. Assessing the impact of pollution on the Japaratuba river in Brazil using the Drosophila wing spot test. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2007; 48:96-105. [PMID: 17285639 DOI: 10.1002/em.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was used to assess the genotoxicity of surface (S) and bottom (B) water and sediment samples collected from Sites 1 and 2 on the Japaratuba River (Sergipe, Brazil), an area impacted by a petrochemical industrial complex that indirectly discharges treated effluent (produced water) into the river. The genotoxicity tests were performed in standard (ST) cross and high bioactivation (HB) cross flies and were conducted on samples taken in March (dry season) and in July (rainy season) of 2003. Mutant spot frequencies found in treatments with unprocessed water and sediment samples from the test sites were compared with the frequencies observed for similar samples taken from a clean reference site (the Jacarecica River in Sergipe, Brazil) and those of negative (ultrapure water) controls. While samples from the Japaratuba River generally produced greater responses than those from the Jacarecica River, positive responses were detected for both the test and reference site samples. All the water samples collected in March 2003 were genotoxic. In July 2003, the positive responses were restricted to water samples collected from Sites 1 B and 2 S in the ST cross. The genotoxicity of the water samples was due to mitotic recombination, and the samples produced similar genotoxic responses in ST and HB flies. The spot frequencies found in the July water samples were considerably lower than those for the March water samples, suggesting a seasonal effect. The only sediment samples that were genotoxic were from Site 1 (March and July) and from the Jacarecica River (March). The genotoxins in these samples produced both somatic mutation (limited to the Site 1 sample in HB flies) and recombination. The results of this study indicate that samples from both the Japaratuba and Jacarecica Rivers were genotoxic, with the most consistently positive responses detected with Site 1 samples, the site closest to the putative pollution source.
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Udroiu I. The micronucleus test in piscine erythrocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 79:201-4. [PMID: 16846653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic assays on aquatic organisms are essential, as humans are exposed throughout their lifetime to several xenobiotics present in both the water and aquatic food. The micronucleus test showed to be a useful in vivo assay for genotoxicity testing. However, many aspects of its protocol need to be refined, knowledge of confounding factors should be improved and inter-species differences need further investigation. This review summarizes the protocols developed until now, provides knowledge from hematology and physiology that might be useful to researchers dealing with the micronucleus test and indicates the drawbacks of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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