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Ulfig A, Jakob U. Redox heterogeneity in mouse embryonic stem cells individualizes cell fate decisions. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00445-3. [PMID: 39106861 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can develop into any cell type in the body. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms that govern cell fate decisions during embryogenesis remain largely unknown. We now demonstrate that mouse ESCs (mESCs) display large natural variations in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) levels that individualize their nuclear redox state, H3K4me3 landscape, and cell fate. While mESCs with high mitoROS levels (mitoROSHIGH) differentiate toward mesendoderm and form the primitive streak during gastrulation, mESCs, which generate less ROS, choose the alternative neuroectodermal fate. Temporal studies demonstrated that mesendodermal (ME) specification of mitoROSHIGH mESCs is mediated by a Nrf2-controlled switch in the nuclear redox state, triggered by the accumulation of redox-sensitive H3K4me3 marks, and executed by a hitherto unknown ROS-dependent activation process of the Wnt signaling pathway. In summary, our study explains how ESC heterogeneity is generated and used by individual cells to decide between distinct cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Huang W, Chen ACH, Wei X, Fong SW, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Uncovering the role of TET2-mediated ENPEP activation in trophoblast cell fate determination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:270. [PMID: 38886218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Early trophoblast differentiation is crucial for embryo implantation, placentation and fetal development. Dynamic changes in DNA methylation occur during preimplantation development and are critical for cell fate determination. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Recently, we derived morula-like expanded potential stem cells from human preimplantation embryos (hEPSC-em), providing a valuable tool for studying early trophoblast differentiation. Data analysis on published datasets showed differential expressions of DNA methylation enzymes during early trophoblast differentiation in human embryos and hEPSC-em derived trophoblastic spheroids. We demonstrated downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 3 members (DNMT3s) and upregulation of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) during trophoblast differentiation. While DNMT inhibitor promoted trophoblast differentiation, TET inhibitor hindered the process and reduced implantation potential of trophoblastic spheroids. Further integrative analysis identified that glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP), a trophectoderm progenitor marker, was hypomethylated and highly expressed in trophoblast lineages. Concordantly, progressive loss of DNA methylation in ENPEP promoter and increased ENPEP expression were detected in trophoblast differentiation. Knockout of ENPEP in hEPSC-em compromised trophoblast differentiation potency, reduced adhesion and invasion of trophoblastic spheroids, and impeded trophoblastic stem cell (TSC) derivation. Importantly, TET2 was involved in the loss of DNA methylation and activation of ENPEP expression during trophoblast differentiation. TET2-null hEPSC-em failed to produce TSC properly. Collectively, our results illustrated the crucial roles of ENPEP and TET2 in trophoblast fate commitments and the unprecedented TET2-mediated loss of DNA methylation in ENPEP promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Korszun-Karbowniczak J, Krysiak ZJ, Saluk J, Niemcewicz M, Zdanowski R. The Progress in Molecular Transport and Therapeutic Development in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Models in Neurological Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38627312 PMCID: PMC11021242 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Depending on its permeability, certain substances can penetrate the brain, while others are restricted in their passage. Therefore, the knowledge about BBB structure and function is essential for understanding physiological and pathological brain processes. Consequently, the functional models can serve as a key to help reveal this unknown. There are many in vitro models available to study molecular mechanisms that occur in the barrier. Brain endothelial cells grown in culture are commonly used to modeling the BBB. Current BBB platforms include: monolayer platforms, transwell, matrigel, spheroidal, and tissue-on-chip models. In this paper, the BBB structure, molecular characteristic, as well as its dysfunctions as a consequence of aging, neurodegeneration, or under hypoxia and neurotoxic conditions are presented. Furthermore, the current modelling strategies that can be used to study BBB for the purpose of further drugs development that may reach CNS are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Korszun-Karbowniczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21/23 Matejki Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Joanna Krysiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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Li Y, Song D, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yan T. Effect and mechanism of hypoxia on differentiation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells into vascular endothelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:9-22. [PMID: 38148354 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Pigs are similar to humans in organ size and physiological function, and are considered as good models for studying cardiovascular diseases. The study of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) differentiating into vascular endothelial cells (EC) is expected to open up a new way of obtaining high-quality seed cells. Given that the hypoxic environment has an important role in the differentiation process of vascular EC, this work intends to establish a hypoxia-induced differentiation system of piPSC into vascular EC. There is evidence that the hypoxia microenvironment in the initial stage could significantly improve differentiation efficiency. Further study suggests that the hypoxia culture system supports a combined effect of hypoxia inducible factors and their associated regulatory molecules, such as HIF-1α, VEGFA, FGF2, LDH-A, and PDK1, which can efficiently promote the lineage-specific differentiation of piPSC into EC. Most notably, the high level of ETV2 after 4 d of hypoxic treatment indicates that it possibly plays an important role in the promoting process of EC differentiation. The research is expected to help the establishment of new platforms for piPSC directional induction research, so as to obtain adequate seed cells with ideal phenotype and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Danyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhuoran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tingsheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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5
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Chung S, Sung HJ. In situ Reprogramming as a Pro-Angiogenic Inducer to Rescue Ischemic Tissues. Pulse (Basel) 2024; 12:58-65. [PMID: 39022557 PMCID: PMC11249613 DOI: 10.1159/000538075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced regenerative therapeutic strategies are required to treat intractable ischemic heart disease. Summary Since the discovery of putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 1997, many studies have focused on their extraction, ex vivo processing, and autotransplantation under ischemic conditions. Nonetheless, numerous randomized clinical trials involving thousands of patients have yielded only marginal treatment effects, highlighting the need for advances regarding insufficient dosage and complex ex vivo processing. The prevailing paradigm of cellular differentiation highlights the potential of direct cellular reprogramming, which paves the way for in situ reprogramming. In situ reprogramming holds the promise of significantly enhancing current therapeutic strategies, yet its success hinges on the precise targeting of candidate cells for reprogramming. In this context, the spleen emerges as a pivotal "in situ reprogramming hub," owing to its dual function as both a principal site for nanoparticle distribution and a significant reservoir of putative EPCs. The in situ reprogramming of splenic EPCs offers a potential solution to overcome critical challenges, including the aforementioned insufficient dosage and complex ex vivo processing. Key Messages This review explores the latest advancements in EPC therapy and in situ reprogramming, spotlighting a pioneering study that integrates those two strategies with a specific focus on the spleen. Such an innovative approach will potentially herald a new era of regenerative therapy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Chung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Zhou M, Wang Y, Zhang D, Qi B, Yu A. Role of Autologous Fat Transplantation Combined with Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy in Treating Rat Diabetic Wounds. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:561-570. [PMID: 36727776 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and autologous fat transplantation (AFT) are two clinical modalities for plastic and reconstructive surgery. At present, there are few reports on the combination of these two methods in treating diabetic wounds. This study aimed to explore the effect of this combined therapy on diabetic wound healing. METHODS Full-thickness dorsal cutaneous wounds in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with either NPWT, AFT, or combined therapy. Rats covered with commercial dressings served as the control group. Macroscopic healing kinetics were examined. The levels of inflammation-related factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, arginase-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and angiogenesis-related factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, were measured in the wound tissues on days 3, 7, and 14; immunohistochemical staining for arginase-1, iNOS, and CD31 was performed on days 3, 7, and 14. The length of reepithelialization was investigated on day 14. RESULTS The combined therapy promoted faster wound healing than the other treatments. The expression levels of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and iNOS were reduced, and arginase-1 expression was increased compared with those in the other groups. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31 in the NPWT-combined-with-AFT group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Reepithelialization was faster in the NPWT-combined-with-AFT group (by day 14) than in the other groups. CONCLUSION Combining NPWT and AFT can enhance diabetic wound healing by improving wound inflammation and increasing wound vascularization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The authors designed a randomized controlled trial of diabetic rats to confirm that NPWT can enhance the vascularization and improve inflammation of the diabetic wound after the autologous fat transplantation treatment. This article may provide a new idea for treating diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Min Zhou
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Yu Wang
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Dong Zhang
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Baiwen Qi
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Aixi Yu
- From the Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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Chen G, Yin S, Zeng H, Li H, Wan X. Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081151. [PMID: 36013330 PMCID: PMC9410528 DOI: 10.3390/life12081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a type of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. The self-renewal of ESCs is regulated by factors including signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cytokines, and small molecular compounds. Similarly, non-coding RNAs, small RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) also play an important role in the process. Functionally, the core transcription factors interact with helper transcription factors to activate the expression of genes that contribute to maintaining pluripotency, while suppressing the expression of differentiation-related genes. Additionally, cytokines such as leukemia suppressor factor (LIF) stimulate downstream signaling pathways and promote self-renewal of ESCs. Particularly, LIF binds to its receptor (LIFR/gp130) to trigger the downstream Jak-Stat3 signaling pathway. BMP4 activates the downstream pathway and acts in combination with Jak-Stat3 to promote pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of serum. In addition, activation of the Wnt-FDZ signaling pathway has been observed to facilitate the self-renewal of ESCs. Small molecule modulator proteins of the pathway mentioned above are widely used in in vitro culture of stem cells. Multiple epigenetic regulators are involved in the maintenance of ESCs self-renewal, making the epigenetic status of ESCs a crucial factor in this process. Similarly, non-coding RNAs and cellular energetics have been described to promote the maintenance of the ESC's self-renewal. These factors regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs by forming signaling networks. This review focused on the role of major transcription factors, signaling pathways, small molecular compounds, epigenetic regulators, non-coding RNAs, and cellular energetics in ESC's self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Shasha Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
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Fang L, Mei J, Yao B, Liu J, Liu P, Wang X, Zhou J, Lin Z. Hypoxia facilitates proliferation of smooth muscle cells derived from pluripotent stem cells for vascular tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:744-756. [PMID: 35633489 DOI: 10.1002/term.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) show significant therapeutic potential for replacing diseased blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) via embryoid body (EB)-based differentiation, are promising seed cells to construct TEBVs. However, obtaining sufficient high-quality hiPSC-VSMCs remains challenging. Stem cells are located in a niche characterized by hypoxia. Hence, we explored molecular and cellular functions at different induction stages from the EB formation commencement to the end of directed differentiation under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Hypoxia enhanced the formation, adhesion and amplification rates of EBs. During directed differentiation, hiPSC-VSMCs exhibited increased cell viability under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, seeding hypoxia-pretreated cells on biodegradable scaffolds, facilitated collagen I and elastin secretion, which has significant application value for TEBV development. Hence, we proposed that hypoxic treatment during differentiation effectively induces proliferative hiPSC-VSMCs, expanding high-quality seed cell sources for TEBV construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Fang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Mei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boqian Yao
- Songshan Lake Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guanzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Response of Pluripotent Stem Cells to Environmental Stress and Its Application for Directed Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020084. [PMID: 33498611 PMCID: PMC7912122 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental changes in oxygen concentration, temperature, and mechanical stimulation lead to the activation of specific transcriptional factors and induce the expression of each downstream gene. In general, these responses are protective machinery against such environmental stresses, while these transcriptional factors also regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and organ development in mammals. In the case of pluripotent stem cells, similar response mechanisms normally work and sometimes stimulate the differentiation cues. Up to now, differentiation protocols utilizing such environmental stresses have been reported to obtain various types of somatic cells from pluripotent stem cells. Basically, environmental stresses as hypoxia (low oxygen), hyperoxia, (high oxygen) and mechanical stress from cell culture plates are relatively safer than chemicals and gene transfers, which affect the genome irreversibly. Therefore, protocols designed with such environments in mind could be useful for the technology development of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In this manuscript, we summarize recent findings of environmental stress-induced differentiation protocols and discuss their mechanisms. Abstract Pluripotent stem cells have unique characteristics compared to somatic cells. In this review, we summarize the response to environmental stresses (hypoxic, oxidative, thermal, and mechanical stresses) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their applications in the differentiation methods directed to specific lineages. Those stresses lead to activation of each specific transcription factor followed by the induction of downstream genes, and one of them regulates lineage specification. In short, hypoxic stress promotes the differentiation of ESCs to mesodermal lineages via HIF-1α activation. Concerning mechanical stress, high stiffness tends to promote mesodermal differentiation, while low stiffness promotes ectodermal differentiation via the modulation of YAP1. Furthermore, each step in the same lineage differentiation favors each appropriate stiffness of culture plate; for example, definitive endoderm favors high stiffness, while pancreatic progenitor favors low stiffness during pancreatic differentiation of human ESCs. Overall, treatments utilizing those stresses have no genotoxic or carcinogenic effects except oxidative stress; therefore, the differentiated cells are safe and could be useful for cell replacement therapy. In particular, the effect of mechanical stress on differentiation is becoming attractive for the field of regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of a stress-mediated differentiation protocol is an important matter for the future.
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Hypoxia as a Driving Force of Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation to Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121614. [PMID: 33260307 PMCID: PMC7759989 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) is a hallmark of many diseases, in particular those related to the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, tissue hypoxia is an important factor regulating (normal) embryogenesis and differentiation of stem cells at the early stages of embryonic development. In culture, hypoxic conditions may facilitate the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may serve as a valuable tool for disease modeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), multifunctional components of vascular structures, may be obtained from iPSCs and subsequently used in various (hypoxia-related) disease models to investigate vascular dysfunctions. Although iPSC-ECs demonstrated functionality in vitro and in vivo, ongoing studies are conducted to increase the efficiency of differentiation and to establish the most productive protocols for the application of patient-derived cells in clinics. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on the role of hypoxia in the derivation of ESCs and the generation of iPSCs. We also summarize the existing protocols of hypoxia-driven differentiation of iPSCs toward ECs and discuss their possible applications in disease modeling and treatment of hypoxia-related disorders.
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Sart S, Jeske R, Chen X, Ma T, Li Y. Engineering Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrices: Decellularization, Characterization, and Biological Function. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:402-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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12
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Hypoxia induces an endometrial cancer stem-like cell phenotype via HIF-dependent demethylation of SOX2 mRNA. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:81. [PMID: 32913192 PMCID: PMC7484801 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer stem cells (ECSCs) are stem-like cells endowed with self-renewal and differentiation abilities, and these cells are essential for cancer progression in endometrial cancer (EC). As hallmarks of the tumour microenvironment (TME), hypoxia and hypoxia-inducing factors (HIFs) give rise to the dysregulation of tumour stemness genes, such as SOX2. Against this backdrop, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms regulated by HIFs and SOX2 in ECSCs during EC development. Here, ECSCs isolated from EC cell lines and tissues were found to express stemness genes (CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH1) following the induction of their ECSC expansion. Notably, m6A methylation of RNA and HIF-1α/2α-dependent AlkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5) participate in the regulation of HIFs and SOX2 in EC, as confirmed by the observations that mRNA levels of m6A demethylases and ALKBH5 significantly increase under hypoxic conditions in ECSCs. Moreover, hypoxia and high ALKBH5 levels restore the stem-like state of differentiated ECSCs and increase the ECSC-like phenotype, whereas the knockdown of HIFs or ALKBH5 significantly reduces their tumour initiation capacity. In addition, our findings validate the role of ALKBH5 in promoting SOX2 transcription via mRNA demethylation, thereby maintaining the stem-like state and tumorigenicity potential of ECSCs. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate a critical role for m6A methylation-mediated regulation of the HIF-ALKBH5-SOX2 axis during ECSC expansion in hypoxic TMEs.
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Isolinderalactone suppresses human glioblastoma growth and angiogenic activity in 3D microfluidic chip and in vivo mouse models. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Hansen JM, Jones DP, Harris C. The Redox Theory of Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:715-740. [PMID: 31891515 PMCID: PMC7047088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The geological record shows that as atmospheric O2 levels increased, it concomitantly coincided with the evolution of metazoans. More complex, higher organisms contain a more cysteine-rich proteome, potentially as a means to regulate homeostatic responses in a more O2-rich environment. Regulation of redox-sensitive processes to control development is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Recent Advances: During early embryonic development, the conceptus is exposed to varying levels of O2. Oxygen and redox-sensitive elements can be regulated to promote normal development, defined as changes to cellular mass, morphology, biochemistry, and function, suggesting that O2 is a developmental morphogen. During periods of O2 fluctuation, embryos are "reprogrammed," on the genomic and metabolic levels. Reprogramming imparts changes to particular redox couples (nodes) that would support specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), targeting the cysteine proteome to regulate protein function and development. Critical Issues: Major developmental events such as stem cell expansion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell fate decisions are controlled through oxidative PTMs of cysteine-based redox nodes. As such, timely coordinated redox regulation of these events yields normal developmental outcomes and viable species reproduction. Disruption of normal redox signaling can produce adverse developmental outcomes. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the redox-sensitive processes/pathways, the nature of the regulatory PTMs involved in development and periods of activation/sensitivity to specific developmental pathways would greatly support the theory of redox regulation of development, and would also provide rationale and direction to more fully comprehend poor developmental outcomes, such as dysmorphogenesis, functional deficits, and preterm embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Harris
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Acosta‐Iborra B, Tiana M, Maeso‐Alonso L, Hernández‐Sierra R, Herranz G, Santamaria A, Rey C, Luna R, Puente‐Santamaria L, Marques MM, Marin MC, del Peso L, Jiménez B. Hypoxia compensates cell cycle arrest with progenitor differentiation during angiogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:6654-6674. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Acosta‐Iborra
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Tiana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
- IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Maeso‐Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León León Spain
| | - Rosana Hernández‐Sierra
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herranz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Andrea Santamaria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Rey
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Raquel Luna
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Puente‐Santamaria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Margarita M. Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León León Spain
| | - Maria C. Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León León Spain
| | - Luis del Peso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
- IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Benilde Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
- IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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Večeřa J, Procházková J, Šumberová V, Pánská V, Paculová H, Lánová MK, Mašek J, Bohačiaková D, Andersson ER, Pacherník J. Hypoxia/Hif1α prevents premature neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells through the activation of Hes1. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101770. [PMID: 32276221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), comprising neuroepithelial and radial glial cells, are indispensable precursors of neurons and glia in the mammalian developing brain. Since the process of neurogenesis occurs in a hypoxic environment, the question arises of how NSCs deal with low oxygen tension and whether it affects their stemness. Genes from the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) family are well known factors governing cellular response to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we have discovered that the endogenous stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) during neural induction is critical for the normal development of the NSCs pool by preventing its premature depletion and differentiation. The knock-out of the Hif1α gene in mESC-derived neurospheres led to a decrease in self-renewal of NSCs, paralleled by an increase in neuronal differentiation. Similarly, neuroepithelial cells differentiated in hypoxia exhibited accelerated neurogenesis soon after Hif1α knock-down. In both models, the loss of Hif1α was accompanied by an immediate drop in neural repressor Hes1 levels while changes in Notch signaling were not observed. We found that active Hif1α/Arnt1 transcription complex bound to the evolutionarily conserved site in Hes1 gene promoter in both neuroepithelial cells and neural tissue of E8.5 - 9.5 embryos. Taken together, these results emphasize the novel role of Hif1α in the regulation of early NSCs population through the activation of neural repressor Hes1, independently of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Večeřa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šumberová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pánská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Paculová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kohutková Lánová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mašek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Blickagången 16, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dáša Bohačiaková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Rachel Andersson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Blickagången 16, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jiří Pacherník
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Tsuchiya T, Doi R, Obata T, Hatachi G, Nagayasu T. Lung Microvascular Niche, Repair, and Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:105. [PMID: 32154234 PMCID: PMC7047880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been used for a long time in the field of medicine. Since the success of "tissue engineering" pioneered by Langer and Vacanti in 1993, tissue engineering studies have advanced from simple tissue generation to whole organ generation with three-dimensional reconstruction. Decellularized scaffolds have been widely used in the field of reconstructive surgery because the tissues used to generate decellularized scaffolds can be easily harvested from animals or humans. When a patient's own cells can be seeded onto decellularized biomaterials, theoretically this will create immunocompatible organs generated from allo- or xeno-organs. The most important aspect of lung tissue engineering is that the delicate three-dimensional structure of the organ is maintained during the tissue engineering process. Therefore, organ decellularization has special advantages for lung tissue engineering where it is essential to maintain the extremely thin basement membrane in the alveoli. Since 2010, there have been many methodological developments in the decellularization and recellularization of lung scaffolds, which includes improvements in the decellularization protocols and the selection and preparation of seeding cells. However, early transplanted engineered lungs terminated in organ failure in a short period. Immature vasculature reconstruction is considered to be the main cause of engineered organ failure. Immature vasculature causes thrombus formation in the engineered lung. Successful reconstruction of a mature vasculature network would be a major breakthrough in achieving success in lung engineering. In order to regenerate the mature vasculature network, we need to remodel the vascular niche, especially the microvasculature, in the organ scaffold. This review highlights the reconstruction of the vascular niche in a decellularized lung scaffold. Because the vascular niche consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and the epithelial-endothelial interface, all of which might affect the vascular tight junction (TJ), we discuss ECM composition and reconstruction, the contribution of ECs and perivascular cells, the air-blood barrier (ABB) function, and the effects of physiological factors during the lung microvasculature repair and engineering process. The goal of the present review is to confirm the possibility of success in lung microvascular engineering in whole organ engineering and explore the future direction of the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Nucleic Acid Drug Development, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Obata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Go Hatachi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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18
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Lee SY, Yang J, Park JH, Shin HK, Kim WJ, Kim SY, Lee EJ, Hwang I, Lee CS, Lee J, Kim HS. The MicroRNA-92a/Sp1/MyoD Axis Regulates Hypoxic Stimulation of Myogenic Lineage Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 28:142-156. [PMID: 31606324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironments exist in developing embryonic tissues and determine stem cell fate. We previously demonstrated that hypoxic priming plays roles in lineage commitment of embryonic stem cells. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-primed embryoid bodies (Hyp-EBs) efficiently differentiate into the myogenic lineage, resulting in the induction of the myogenic marker MyoD, which was not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) or HIF2α, but rather by Sp1 induction and binding to the MyoD promoter. Knockdown of Sp1 in Hyp-EBs abrogated hypoxia-induced MyoD expression and myogenic differentiation. Importantly, in the cardiotoxin-muscle injury mice model, Hyp-EB transplantation facilitated muscle regeneration in vivo, whereas transplantation of Sp1-knockdown Hyp-EBs failed to do. Moreover, we compared microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles between EBs under normoxia versus hypoxia and found that hypoxia-mediated Sp1 induction was mediated by the suppression of miRNA-92a, which directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of Sp1. Further, the inhibitory effect of miRNA-92a on Sp1 in luciferase assay was abolished by a point mutation in specific sequence in the Sp1 3' UTR that is required for the binding of miRNA-92a. Collectively, these results suggest that hypoxic priming enhances EB commitment to the myogenic lineage through miR-92a/Sp1/MyoD regulatory axis, suggesting a new pathway that promotes myogenic-lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Sivasami P, Poudel N, Munteanu MC, Hudson J, Lovern P, Liu L, Griffin T, Hinsdale ME. Adipose tissue loss and lipodystrophy in xylosyltransferase II deficient mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1783-1794. [PMID: 30778123 PMCID: PMC7067554 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that regulate adipose tissue homeostasis are incompletely understood. Proteoglycans (PGs) and their sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) provide spatial and temporal signals for ECM organization and interactions with resident cells by impacting growth factor and cytokine activity. Therefore, PGs and their GAGs could be significant to adipose tissue homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ECM sulfated GAGs in adipose tissue homeostasis. METHODS Adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis in mice deficient in xylosyltransferase 2 (Xylt2-/-) were examined by histologic analyses, gene expression analyses, whole body fat composition measurements, and glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte precursors were characterized by flow cytometry and in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Xylt2-/- mice have low body weight due to overall reductions in abdominal fat deposition. Histologically, the adipocytes are reduced in size and number in both gonadal and mesenteric fat depots of Xylt2-/- mice. In addition, these mice are glucose intolerant, insulin resistant, and have increased serum triglycerides as compared to Xylt2 + / + control mice. Furthermore, the adipose tissue niche has increased inflammatory cells and enrichment of proinflammatory factors IL6 and IL1β, and these mice also have a loss of adipose tissue vascular endothelial cells. Lastly, xylosyltransferease-2 (XylT2) deficient mesenchymal stem cells from gonadal adipose tissue and bone marrow exhibit impaired adipogenic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Decreased GAGs due to the loss of the key GAG assembly enzyme XylT2 causes reduced steady state adipose tissue stores leading to a unique lipodystrophic model. Accumulation of an adipocytic precursor pool of cells is discovered indicating an interruption in differentiation. Therefore, adipose tissue GAGs are important in the homeostasis of adipose tissue by mediating control of adipose precursor development, tissue inflammation, and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Joanna Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Pamela Lovern
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Tim Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Myron E Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that pre-vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs can significantly enhance their survival and engraftment upon transplantation. Endothelial cells (ECs), the basic component of vasculatures, are indispensable to the entire process of pre-vascularization. However, the source of ECs still poses an issue. Recent studies confirmed that diverse approaches are available in the derivation of ECs for tissue engineering, such as direct isolation of autologous ECs, reprogramming of somatic cells, and induced differentiation of stem cells in typology. Herein, we discussed a variety of human stem cells (i.e., totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent stem cells), which can be induced to differentiate into ECs and reviewed the multifarious approaches for EC generation, such as 3D EB formation for embryonic stem cells (ESCs), stem cell-somatic cell co-culture, and directed endothelial differentiation with growth factors in conventional 2D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Jiacai He
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
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21
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Park TE, Mustafaoglu N, Herland A, Hasselkus R, Mannix R, FitzGerald EA, Prantil-Baun R, Watters A, Henry O, Benz M, Sanchez H, McCrea HJ, Goumnerova LC, Song HW, Palecek SP, Shusta E, Ingber DE. Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31197168 DOI: 10.1101/482463v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we describe an in vitro microfluidic organ-on-a-chip BBB model lined by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelium interfaced with primary human brain astrocytes and pericytes that recapitulates the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB for at least one week in culture. The endothelium expresses high levels of tight junction proteins and functional efflux pumps, and it displays selective transcytosis of peptides and antibodies previously observed in vivo. Increased barrier functionality was accomplished using a developmentally-inspired induction protocol that includes a period of differentiation under hypoxic conditions. This enhanced BBB Chip may therefore represent a new in vitro tool for development and validation of delivery systems that transport drugs and therapeutic antibodies across the human BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Park
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Mustafaoglu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hasselkus
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Watters
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Henry
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Henry Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heather J McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Hannah W Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Park TE, Mustafaoglu N, Herland A, Hasselkus R, Mannix R, FitzGerald EA, Prantil-Baun R, Watters A, Henry O, Benz M, Sanchez H, McCrea HJ, Goumnerova LC, Song HW, Palecek SP, Shusta E, Ingber DE. Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31197168 PMCID: PMC6565686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we describe an in vitro microfluidic organ-on-a-chip BBB model lined by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelium interfaced with primary human brain astrocytes and pericytes that recapitulates the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB for at least one week in culture. The endothelium expresses high levels of tight junction proteins and functional efflux pumps, and it displays selective transcytosis of peptides and antibodies previously observed in vivo. Increased barrier functionality was accomplished using a developmentally-inspired induction protocol that includes a period of differentiation under hypoxic conditions. This enhanced BBB Chip may therefore represent a new in vitro tool for development and validation of delivery systems that transport drugs and therapeutic antibodies across the human BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Park
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Mustafaoglu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hasselkus
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Watters
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Henry
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Henry Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heather J McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Hannah W Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Hypoxia signaling in the vasculature controls vascular permeability, inflammation, vascular growth, and repair of vascular injury. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this burgeoning field and highlight the importance of studying the heterogeneity of hypoxia responses among individual patients, distinct vascular beds, and even individual vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Marsboom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
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Huang X, Trinh T, Aljoufi A, Broxmeyer HE. Hypoxia Signaling Pathway in Stem Cell Regulation: Good and Evil. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018; 4:149-157. [PMID: 31275803 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the regulation of stem cell biology, specifically focusing on maintenance, differentiation, and stress responses in the context of several stem cell systems. Stem cells for different lineages/tissues reside in distinct niches, and are exposed to diverse oxygen concentrations. Recent studies have revealed the importance of the hypoxia signaling pathway for stem cell functions. Recent Findings Hypoxia and HIFs contribute to maintenance of embryonic stem cells, generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, functionality of hematopoietic stem cells, and survival of leukemia stem cells. Harvest and collection of mouse bone marrow and human cord blood cells in ambient air results in fewer hematopoietic stem cells recovered due to the phenomenon of Extra PHysiologic Oxygen Shock/Stress (EPHOSS). Summary Oxygen is an important factor in the stem cell microenvironment. Hypoxia signaling and HIFs play important roles in modeling cellular metabolism in both stem cells and niches to regulate stem cell biology, and represent an additional dimension that allows stem cells to maintain an undifferentiated status and multilineage differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Neural Differentiation Is Inhibited through HIF1 α/ β-Catenin Signaling in Embryoid Bodies. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8715798. [PMID: 29422917 PMCID: PMC5750467 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8715798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in the field of stem cells and developmental biology has revealed evidence of the role of hypoxia as an important factor regulating self-renewal and differentiation. However, comprehensive information about the exact hypoxia-mediated regulatory mechanism of stem cell fate during early embryonic development is still missing. Using a model of embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from murine embryonic stem cells (ESC), we here tried to encrypt the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in neural fate during spontaneous differentiation. EBs derived from ESC with the ablated gene for HIF1α had abnormally increased neuronal characteristics during differentiation. An increased neural phenotype in Hif1α-/- EBs was accompanied by the disruption of β-catenin signaling together with the increased cytoplasmic degradation of β-catenin. The knock-in of Hif1α, as well as β-catenin ectopic overexpression in Hif1α-/- EBs, induced a reduction in neural markers to the levels observed in wild-type EBs. Interestingly, direct interaction between HIF1α and β-catenin was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation analysis of the nuclear fraction of wild-type EBs. Together, these results emphasize the regulatory role of HIF1α in β-catenin stabilization during spontaneous differentiation, which seems to be a crucial mechanism for the natural inhibition of premature neural differentiation.
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Tsang KM, Hyun JS, Cheng KT, Vargas M, Mehta D, Ushio-Fukai M, Zou L, Pajcini KV, Rehman J, Malik AB. Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation to Functional Arterial Endothelial Cells through Sequential Activation of ETV2 and NOTCH1 Signaling by HIF1α. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:796-806. [PMID: 28781077 PMCID: PMC5599266 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of functional arterial endothelial cells (aECs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) holds great promise for vascular tissue engineering. However, the mechanisms underlying their generation and the potential of aECs in revascularizing ischemic tissue are not fully understood. Here, we observed that hypoxia exposure of mouse ESCs induced an initial phase of HIF1α-mediated upregulation of the transcription factor Etv2, which in turn induced the commitment to the EC fate. However, sustained activation of HIF1α in these EC progenitors thereafter induced NOTCH1 signaling that promoted the transition to aEC fate. We observed that transplantation of aECs mediated arteriogenesis in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Furthermore, transplantation of aECs in mice showed engraftment in ischemic myocardium and restored cardiac function in contrast to ECs derived under normoxia. Thus, HIF1α activation of Etv2 in ESCs followed by NOTCH1 signaling is required for the generation aECs that are capable of arteriogenesis and revascularization of ischemic tissue. Hypoxia enhances ESC to EC differentiation via HIF1α-ETV2 signaling HIF1α directs arterial endothelial specification by upregulating Notch signaling Transplantation of hypoxia-derived aECs induces arteriogenesis in hindlimb ischemia Hypoxia-derived aECs restore cardiac function following myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Tsang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James S Hyun
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kwong Tai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Micaela Vargas
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kostandin V Pajcini
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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27
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Sart S, Bejoy J, Li Y. Characterization of 3D pluripotent stem cell aggregates and the impact of their properties on bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Kang J, Kim TW, Hur J, Kim HS. Strategy to Prime the Host and Cells to Augment Therapeutic Efficacy of Progenitor Cells for Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:46. [PMID: 27933299 PMCID: PMC5121226 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) is an innovative strategy that is regarded as a rescue therapy to repair the damaged myocardium and to promote neovascularization for the ischemic border zone. Among several stem cell sources for this purpose, autologous progenitors from bone marrow or peripheral blood would be the most feasible and safest cell-source. Despite the theoretical benefit of cell therapy, this method is not widely adopted in the actual clinical practice due to its low therapeutic efficacy. Various methods have been used to augment the efficacy of cell therapy in MI, such as using different source of progenitors, genetic manipulation of cells, or priming of the cells or hosts (patients) with agents. Among these methods, the strategy to augment the therapeutic efficacy of the autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by priming agents may be the most feasible and the safest method that can be applied directly to the clinic. In this review, we will discuss the current status and future directions of priming PBMCs or patients, as for cell therapy of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehoon Kang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Glaser DE, Turner WS, Madfis N, Wong L, Zamora J, White N, Reyes S, Burns AB, Gopinathan A, McCloskey KE. Multifactorial Optimizations for Directing Endothelial Fate from Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166663. [PMID: 27907001 PMCID: PMC5131944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are attractive in vitro models of vascular development, therapeutic angiogenesis, and tissue engineering. However, distinct ESC and iPS cell lines respond differentially to the same microenvironmental factors. Developing improved/optimized differentiation methodologies tailored/applicable in a number of distinct iPS and ESC lines remains a challenge in the field. Currently published methods for deriving endothelial cells (EC) robustly generate high numbers of endothlelial progenitor cells (EPC) within a week, but their maturation to definitive EC is much more difficult, taking up to 2 months and requiring additional purification. Therefore, we set out to examine combinations/levels of putative EC induction factors—utilizing our stage-specific chemically-defined derivation methodology in 4 ESC lines including: kinetics, cell seeding density, matrix signaling, as well as medium treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The results indicate that temporal development in both early and late stages is the most significant factor generating the desired cells. The generation of early Flk-1+/KDR+ vascular progenitor cells (VPC) from pluripotent ESC is directed predominantly by high cell seeding density and matrix signaling from fibronectin, while VEGF supplementation was NOT statistically significant in more than one cell line, especially with fibronectin matrix which sequesters autocrine VEGF production by the differentiating stem cells. Although some groups have shown that the GSK3-kinase inhibitor (CHIR) can facilitate EPC fate, it hindered the generation of KDR+ cells in our preoptimized medium formulations. The methods summarized here significantly increased the production of mature vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin+ EC, with up to 93% and 57% purity from mouse and human ESC, respectively, before VE-cadherin+ EC purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E. Glaser
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - William S. Turner
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Nicole Madfis
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Lian Wong
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Jose Zamora
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Nicholas White
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Samuel Reyes
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Burns
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, United States of America
| | - Kara E. McCloskey
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies, University of California, Merced, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Yang D, Wang J, Xiao M, Zhou T, Shi X. Role of Mir-155 in Controlling HIF-1α Level and Promoting Endothelial Cell Maturation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35316. [PMID: 27731397 PMCID: PMC5059686 DOI: 10.1038/srep35316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a promising approach to facilitating neovascularization through the migration of stem cells to the ischemic site and their subsequent differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs). Hypoxia is a chief feature of IHD and the stem cell niche. However, whether hypoxia promotes stem cell differentiation into ECs or causes them to retain their stemness is controversial. Here, the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) was induced under hypoxia. Though the angiogenic capability and angiogenesis-related autocrine/paracrine factors of the ECs were improved under hypoxia, the level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was nonetheless found to be restricted along with the EC differentiation. The down-regulation of HIF-1α was found to have been caused by VEGF-induced microRNA-155 (miR-155). Moreover, miR-155 was also found to enhance the angiogenic capability of induced ECs by targeting E2F2 transcription factor. Hence, miR-155 not only contributes to controlling HIF-1α expression under hypoxia but also promotes angiogenesis, which is a key feature of mature ECs. Revealing the real role of hypoxia and clarifying the function of miR-155 in EC differentiation may facilitate improvement of angiogenic gene- and stem-cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Respiration, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Nursing, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Central Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130032, China
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31
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Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 regulates the early differentiation of cardiomyocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e254. [PMID: 27538372 PMCID: PMC5007642 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial for maintaining the properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and for regulating their subsequent differentiation into diverse cell lineages, including cardiomyocytes. However, mitochondrial regulators that manage the rate of differentiation or cell fate have been rarely identified. This study aimed to determine the potential mitochondrial factor that controls the differentiation of ESCs into cardiac myocytes. We induced cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse ESCs (mESCs) and performed microarray assays to assess messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes at differentiation day 8 (D8) compared with undifferentiated mESCs (D0). Among the differentially expressed genes, Pdp1 expression was significantly decreased (27-fold) on D8 compared to D0, which was accompanied by suppressed mitochondrial indices, including ATP levels, membrane potential, ROS and mitochondrial Ca2+. Notably, Pdp1 overexpression significantly enhanced the mitochondrial indices and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and reduced the expression of cardiac differentiation marker mRNA and the cardiac differentiation rate compared to a mock control. In confirmation of this, a knockdown of the Pdp1 gene promoted the expression of cardiac differentiation marker mRNA and the cardiac differentiation rate. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial PDP1 is a potential regulator that controls cardiac differentiation at an early differentiation stage in ESCs.
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Hammoud AA, Kirstein N, Mournetas V, Darracq A, Broc S, Blanchard C, Zeineddine D, Mortada M, Boeuf H. Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Plasticity Is Regulated through Klf5 and Maintained by Metalloproteinase MMP1 and Hypoxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146281. [PMID: 26731538 PMCID: PMC4701481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are expanded and maintained pluripotent in vitro in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an IL6 cytokine family member which displays pleiotropic functions, depending on both cell maturity and cell type. LIF withdrawal leads to heterogeneous differentiation of mESCs with a proportion of the differentiated cells apoptosising. During LIF withdrawal, cells sequentially enter a reversible and irreversible phase of differentiation during which LIF addition induces different effects. However the regulators and effectors of LIF-mediated reprogramming are poorly understood. By employing a LIF-dependent 'plasticity' test, that we set up, we show that Klf5, but not JunB is a key LIF effector. Furthermore PI3K signaling, required for the maintenance of mESC pluripotency, has no effect on mESC plasticity while displaying a major role in committed cells by stimulating expression of the mesodermal marker Brachyury at the expense of endoderm and neuroectoderm lineage markers. We also show that the MMP1 metalloproteinase, which can replace LIF for maintenance of pluripotency, mimics LIF in the plasticity window, but less efficiently. Finally, we demonstrate that mESCs maintain plasticity and pluripotency potentials in vitro under hypoxic/physioxic growth conditions at 3% O2 despite lower levels of Pluri and Master gene expression in comparison to 20% O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abou Hammoud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Nina Kirstein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Mournetas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anais Darracq
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabine Broc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Blanchard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Helene Boeuf
- Univ. Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164, F-33 000 Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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33
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The stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor modulates differentiation status and inhibits the proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 244:204-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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34
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The Interplay of Reactive Oxygen Species, Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Sirtuins in Cancer Initiation and Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3907147. [PMID: 26798421 PMCID: PMC4699039 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3907147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of ROS is a constant feature in living cells metabolizing O2. ROS concentration and compartmentation determine their physiological or pathological effects. ROS overproduction is a feature of cancer cells and plays several roles during the natural history of malignant tumor. ROS continuously contribute to each step of cancerogenesis, from the initiation to the malignant progression, acting directly or indirectly. In this review, we will (a) underline the role of ROS in the pathway leading a normal cell to tumor transformation and progression, (b) define the multiple roles of ROS during the natural history of a tumor, (c) conciliate many conflicting data about harmful or beneficial effects of ROS, (d) rethink the importance of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations in relation to the malignant progression, and (e) collocate all the cancer hallmarks in a mechanistic sequence which could represent a "physiological" response to the initial growth of a transformed stem/pluripotent cell, defining also the role of ROS in each hallmark. We will provide a simplified sketch about the relationships between ROS and cancer. The attention will be focused on the contribution of ROS to the signaling of HIF, NFκB, and Sirtuins as a leitmotif of cancer initiation and progression.
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35
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YANG JIMIN, KIM WOOJEAN, JUN HYOUNGOH, LEE EUNJU, LEE KYEONGWON, JEONG JAEYEON, LEE SAEWON. Hypoxia-induced fibroblast growth factor 11 stimulates capillary-like endothelial tube formation. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2745-51. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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36
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Lee SW, Yang J, Kim SY, Jeong HK, Lee J, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Kim HS. MicroRNA-26a induced by hypoxia targets HDAC6 in myogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2057-73. [PMID: 25662604 PMCID: PMC4344521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of epigenetic regulation for maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency or for initiation of differentiation is widely accepted. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We recently reported that a hypoxic microenvironment induces ESC differentiation. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-responsive histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) performs an essential signaling function for myogenic differentiation of ESCs. HDAC6 was downregulated in hypoxic ESCs or during differentiation. A knock-down of HDAC6 in ESCs resulted in induction of myogenic markers, including Pax7. Suppression of HDAC6 increased acetylation of core histones H3 and H4, leading to enhanced binding of RNA polymerase II to the Pax7 promoter. Transplantation of HDAC6 knock-down cells facilitated muscle regeneration in vivo. Importantly, the downregulation of HDAC6 by hypoxia was not mediated by HIF1α or HIF2α, master transcription regulators under hypoxia, but by induction of microRNA-26a that directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of HDAC6. A point mutation of the microRNA-26a-binding sequence in the HDAC6 3'-UTR diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Taken together, these results suggest that environmental cues of differentiation modulate the epigenetic machinery and guide stem cells to commit to a specific lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kyul Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- National Research Laboratory of Regenerative Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhou Y, Fujisawa I, Ino K, Matsue T, Shiku H. Metabolic suppression during mesodermal differentiation of embryonic stem cells identified by single-cell comprehensive gene expression analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic suppression has been revealed during mesodermal differentiation by using single-cell gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Zhou
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Ikuma Fujisawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
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Pimton P, Lecht S, Stabler CT, Johannes G, Schulman ES, Lelkes PI. Hypoxia enhances differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into definitive endoderm and distal lung cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:663-76. [PMID: 25226206 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of hypoxia on spontaneous (SP)- and activin A (AA)-induced definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and their subsequent differentiation into distal pulmonary epithelial cells. SP differentiation for 6 days of mESCs toward endoderm at hypoxia of 1% O2, but not at 3% or 21% (normoxia), increased the expression of Sox17 and Foxa2 by 31- and 63-fold above maintenance culture, respectively. Treatment of mESCs with 20 ng/mL AA for 6 days under hypoxia further increased the expression of DE marker genes Sox17, Foxa2, and Cxcr4 by 501-, 1,483-, and 126-fold above maintenance cultures, respectively. Transient exposure to hypoxia, as short as 24 h, was sufficient to enhance AA-induced endoderm formation. The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the AA-induced endoderm enrichment was assessed using HIF-1α(-/-) mESCs and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Under SP conditions, HIF-1α(-/-) mESCs failed to increase the expression of endodermal marker genes but rather shifted toward ectoderm. Hypoxia induced only a marginal potentiation of AA-induced endoderm differentiation in HIF-1α(-/-) mESCs. Treatment of mESCs with AA and NAC led to a dose-dependent decrease in Sox17 and Foxa2 expression. In addition, the duration of exposure to hypoxia in the course of a recently reported lung differentiation protocol resulted in differentially enhanced expression of distal lung epithelial cell marker genes aquaporin 5 (Aqp5), surfactant protein C (Sftpc), and secretoglobin 1a1 (Scgb1a1) for alveolar epithelium type I, type II, and club cells, respectively. Our study is the first to show the effects of in vitro hypoxia on efficient formation of DE and lung lineages. We suggest that the extent of hypoxia and careful timing may be important components of in vitro differentiation bioprocesses for the differential generation of distal lung epithelial cells from pluripotent progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Pimton
- 1 Department of Biology, School of Science, Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Chen G, Xu X, Zhang L, Fu Y, Wang M, Gu H, Xie X. Blocking autocrine VEGF signaling by sunitinib, an anti-cancer drug, promotes embryonic stem cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Res 2014; 24:1121-36. [PMID: 25145356 PMCID: PMC4152737 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could be achieved by activating the extrinsic signaling, i.e., the use of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or blocking the intrinsic differentiation pathways, i.e., the use of GSK3 and MEK inhibitors (2i). Here we found that even in medium supplemented with LIF, mESCs still tend to differentiate toward meso-endoderm lineages after long-term culture and the culture spontaneously secretes vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Blocking VEGF signaling with sunitinib, an anti-cancer drug and a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor mainly targeting VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), is capable of maintaining the mESCs in the undifferentiated state without the need for feeder cells or LIF. Sunitinib facilitates the derivation of mESCs from blastocysts, and the mESCs maintained in sunitinib-containing medium remain pluripotent and are able to contribute to chimeric mice. Sunitinib also promotes iPSC generation from MEFs with only Oct4. Knocking down VEGFR2 or blocking it with neutralizing antibody mimicks the effect of sunitinib, indicating that blocking VEGF/VEGFR signaling is indeed beneficial to the self-renewal of mESCs. We also found that hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF1α) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are involved in the production of VEGF in mESCs. Blocking both pathways inhibits the expression of VEGF and prevents spontaneous differentiation of mESCs. Interestingly, LIF may also exert its effect by downregulating HIF1α and ER stress pathways and subsequent VEGF expression. These results indicate the existence of an intrinsic differentiation pathway in mESCs by activating the autocrine VEGF signaling. Blocking VEGF signaling with sunitinib or other small molecules help to maintain the mESCs in the ground state of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxiu Xu
- 1] CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- 1] CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Garreta E, Melo E, Navajas D, Farré R. Low oxygen tension enhances the generation of lung progenitor cells from mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/7/e12075. [PMID: 25347858 PMCID: PMC4187564 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organ decellularization technology has emerged as a new alternative for the fabrication of bioartificial lungs. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are potentially useful for recellularization since they can be directed to express phenotypic marker genes of lung epithelial cells. Normal pulmonary development takes place in a low oxygen environment ranging from 1 to 5%. By contrast, in vitro ESC and iPSC differentiation protocols are usually carried out at room-air oxygen tension. Here, we sought to determine the role played by oxygen tension on the derivation of Nkx2.1+ lung/thyroid progenitor cells from mouse ESC and iPSC. A step-wise differentiation protocol was used to generate Nkx2.1+ lung/thyroid progenitors under 20% and 5% oxygen tension. On day 12, gene expression analysis revealed that Nkx2.1 and Foxa2 (endodermal and early lung epithelial cell marker) were significantly upregulated at 5% oxygen tension in ESC and iPSC differentiated cultures compared to 20% oxygen conditions. In addition, quantification of Foxa2+Nkx2.1+Pax8- cells corresponding to the lung field, with exclusion of the potential thyroid fate identified by Pax8 expression, confirmed that the low physiologic oxygen tension exerted a significant positive effect on early pulmonary differentiation of ESC and iPSC. In conclusion, we found that 5% oxygen tension enhanced the derivation of lung progenitors from mouse ESC and iPSC compared to 20% room-air oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Centre de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona (CMRB), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Dr. Aiguader88 7ª Planta, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Esther Melo
- Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain F. Hoffmann-La Roche, AG, NORD DTABldg. 69/331, Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Hawkins KE, Sharp TV, McKay TR. The role of hypoxia in stem cell potency and differentiation. Regen Med 2014; 8:771-82. [PMID: 24147532 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine relies on harnessing the capacity of stem cells to grow, divide and differentiate safely and predictably. This may be in the context of expanding stem cells in vitro or encouraging their expansion, mobilization and capacity to regenerate tissues either locally or remotely in vivo. In either case, understanding the stem cell niche is fundamental to recapitulating or manipulating conditions to enable therapy. It has become obvious that hypoxia plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of the stem cell niche. Low O2 benefits the self-renewal of human embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells, as well as improving the efficiency of genetic reprogramming to induced pluripotency. There is emerging evidence that harnessing or manipulating the hypoxic response can result in safer, more efficacious methodologies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Hawkins
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Kang J, Hur J, Kang JA, Yun JY, Choi JI, Ko SB, Lee CS, Lee J, Han JK, Kim HK, Kim HS. Activated platelet supernatant can augment the angiogenic potential of human peripheral blood stem cells mobilized from bone marrow by G-CSF. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:64-75. [PMID: 25016235 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets not only play a role in hemostasis, but they also promote angiogenesis and tissue recovery by releasing various cytokines and making an angiogenic milieu. Here, we examined autologous 'activated platelet supernatant (APS)' as a priming agent for stem cells; thereby enhance their pro-angiogenic potential and efficacy of stem cell-based therapy for ischemic diseases. The mobilized peripheral blood stem cells ((mob)PBSCs) were isolated from healthy volunteers after subcutaneous injection of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. APS was collected separately from the platelet rich plasma after activation by thrombin. (mob)PBSCs were primed for 6h before analysis. Compared to naive platelet supernatants, APS had a higher level of various cytokines, such as IL8, IL17, PDGF and VEGF. APS-priming for 6h induced (mob)PBSCs to express key angiogenic factors, surface markers (i.e. CD34, CD31, and CXCR4) and integrins (integrins α5, β1 and β2). Also (mob)PBSCs were polarized toward CD14(++)/CD16(+) pro-angiogenic monocytes. The priming effect was reproduced by an in vitro reconstruction of APS. Through this phenotype, APS-priming increased cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. The culture supernatant of APS-primed (mob)PBSCs contained high levels of IL8, IL10, IL17 and TNFα, and augmented proliferation and capillary network formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vivo transplantation of APS-primed (mob)PBSCs into athymic mice ischemic hindlimbs and Matrigel plugs elicited vessel differentiation and tissue repair. In safety analysis, platelet activity increased after mixing with (mob)PBSCs regardless of priming, which was normalized by aspirin treatment. Collectively, our data identify that APS-priming can enhance the angiogenic potential of (mob)PBSCs, which can be used as an adjunctive strategy to improve the efficacy of cell therapy for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehoon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kang
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yun
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Choi
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Ko
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Republic of Korea.
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Fynes K, Tostoes R, Ruban L, Weil B, Mason C, Veraitch FS. The differential effects of 2% oxygen preconditioning on the subsequent differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1910-22. [PMID: 24734982 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge facing the development of effective cell therapies is the efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into pure populations. Lowering oxygen tension to physiological levels can affect both the expansion and differentiation stages. However, to date, there are no studies investigating the knock-on effect of culturing PSCs under low oxygen conditions on subsequent lineage commitment at ambient oxygen levels. PSCs were passaged three times at 2% O2 before allowing cells to spontaneously differentiate as embryoid bodies (EBs) in high oxygen (20% O2) conditions. Maintenance of mouse PSCs in low oxygen was associated with a significant increase in the expression of early differentiation markers FGF5 and Eomes, while conversely we observed decreased expression of these genes in human PSCs. Low oxygen preconditioning primed mouse PSCs for their subsequent differentiation into mesodermal and endodermal lineages, as confirmed by increased gene expression of Eomes, Goosecoid, Brachyury, AFP, Sox17, FoxA2, and protein expression of Brachyury, Eomes, Sox17, FoxA2, relative to high oxygen cultures. The effects extended to the subsequent formation of more mature mesodermal lineages. We observed significant upregulation of cardiomyocyte marker Nkx2.5, and critically a decrease in the number of contaminant pluripotent cells after 12 days using a directed cardiomyocyte protocol. However, the impact of low oxygen preconditioning was to prime human cells for ectodermal lineage commitment during subsequent EB differentiation, with significant upregulation of Nestin and β3-tubulin. Our research demonstrates the importance of oxygen tension control during cell maintenance on the subsequent differentiation of both mouse and human PSCs, and highlights the differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Fynes
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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Song SH, Kim K, Park JJ, Min KH, Suh W. Reactive oxygen species regulate the quiescence of CD34-positive cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:147-55. [PMID: 24747991 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. However, few studies have examined the generation and function of ROS in human embryonic vascular development. In this study, the sources of ROS and their roles in the vascular differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS During vascular differentiation of hESCs, CD34(+) cells had quiescence-related gene expression profiles and a large fraction of these cells were in G0 phase. In addition, levels of ROS, which were primarily generated through NOX4, were substantially higher in hESC-derived CD34(+) cells than in hESC-derived CD34(-) cells. To determine whether excess levels of ROS induce quiescence of hESC-derived CD34(+) cells, ROS levels were moderately reduced using selenium to enhance antioxidant activities of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase. In comparison to untreated CD34(+) cells, selenium-treated CD34(+) cells exhibited changes in gene expression that favoured cell cycle progression, and had a greater proliferation and a smaller fraction of cells in G0 phase. Thus, selenium treatment increased the number of hESC-derived CD34(+) cells, thereby enhancing the efficiency with which hESCs differentiated into vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION This study reveals that NOX4 produces ROS in CD34(+) cells during vascular differentiation of hESCs, and shows that modulation of ROS levels using antioxidants such as selenium may be a novel approach to increase the vascular differentiation efficiency of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Song
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Kyungjong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Jeong Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Wonhee Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
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Hakim F, Kaitsuka T, Raeed JM, Wei FY, Shiraki N, Akagi T, Yokota T, Kume S, Tomizawa K. High oxygen condition facilitates the differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic progenitors and insulin-producing cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9623-38. [PMID: 24554704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.524363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have potential applications in regenerative medicine for diabetes. Differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells has been achieved using various protocols. However, both the efficiency of the method and potency of differentiated cells are insufficient. Oxygen tension, the partial pressure of oxygen, has been shown to regulate the embryonic development of several organs, including pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we tried to establish an effective method for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into insulin-producing cells by culturing under high oxygen (O2) conditions. Treatment with a high O2 condition in the early stage of differentiation increased insulin-positive cells at the terminus of differentiation. We found that a high O2 condition repressed Notch-dependent gene Hes1 expression and increased Ngn3 expression at the stage of pancreatic progenitors. This effect was caused by inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein level. Moreover, a high O2 condition activated Wnt signaling. Optimal stage-specific treatment with a high O2 condition resulted in a significant increase in insulin production in both mouse embryonic stem cells and human iPSCs and yielded populations containing up to 10% C-peptide-positive cells in human iPSCs. These results suggest that culturing in a high O2 condition at a specific stage is useful for the efficient generation of insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Hakim
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Kusuma S, Peijnenburg E, Patel P, Gerecht S. Low oxygen tension enhances endothelial fate of human pluripotent stem cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:913-20. [PMID: 24526696 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A critical regulator of the developing or regenerating vasculature is low oxygen tension. Precise elucidation of the role of low oxygen environments on endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells necessitates controlled in vitro differentiation environments. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used a feeder-free, 2-dimensional differentiation system in which we could monitor accurately dissolved oxygen levels during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward early vascular cells (EVCs). We found that oxygen uptake rate of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells is lower in 5% O2 compared with atmospheric conditions. EVCs differentiated in 5% O2 had an increased vascular endothelial cadherin expression with clusters of vascular endothelial cadherin+ cells surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor β+ cells. When we assessed the temporal effects of low oxygen differentiation environments, we determined that low oxygen environments during the early stages of EVC differentiation enhance endothelial lineage commitment. EVCs differentiated in 5% O2 exhibited an increased expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and CD31 along with their localization to the membrane, enhanced lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, rapid cord-like structure formation, and increased expression of arterial endothelial cell markers. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation during the early stages of differentiation abrogated the endothelial inductive effects of the low oxygen environments. CONCLUSIONS Low oxygen tension during early stages of EVC derivation induces endothelial commitment and maturation through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, highlighting the importance of regulating oxygen tensions during human pluripotent stem cell-vascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanti Kusuma
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (S.K., P.P., S.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.K.), Cellular and Molecular Biology (E.P.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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47
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Kwon YW, Chung YJ, Kim J, Lee HJ, Park J, Roh TY, Cho HJ, Yoon CH, Koo BK, Kim HS. Comparative study of efficacy of dopaminergic neuron differentiation between embryonic stem cell and protein-based induced pluripotent stem cell. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85736. [PMID: 24465672 PMCID: PMC3899054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), stem cells can serve as therapeutic agents to restore or regenerate injured nervous system. Here, we differentiated two types of stem cells; mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and protein-based iPS cells (P-iPSCs) generated by non-viral methods, into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and then compared the efficiency of DA neuron differentiation from these two cell types. In the undifferentiated stage, P-iPSCs expressed pluripotency markers as ES cells did, indicating that protein-based reprogramming was stable and authentic. While both stem cell types were differentiated to the terminally-matured mDA neurons, P-iPSCs showed higher DA neuron-specific markers' expression than ES cells. To investigate the mechanism of the superior induction capacity of DA neurons observed in P-iPSCs compared to ES cells, we analyzed histone modifications by genome-wide ChIP sequencing analysis and their corresponding microarray results between two cell types. We found that Wnt signaling was up-regulated, while SFRP1, a counter-acting molecule of Wnt, was more suppressed in P-iPSCs than in mESCs. In PD rat model, transplantation of neural precursor cells derived from both cell types showed improved function. The present study demonstrates that P-iPSCs could be a suitable cell source to provide patient-specific therapy for PD without ethical problems or rejection issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Chung
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Cardiovascular center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Senthilkumar K, Venkatesan J, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Antiangiogenic effects of marine sponge derived compounds on cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1097-1108. [PMID: 24148290 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The term "angiogenic switch" refers to a time-restricted event during tumor progression where the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in the transition from dormant avascularized hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor and eventually to malignant tumor progression. Targeting angiogenesis and its mechanistic pathways are critical target for cancer therapy. Recently, marine derived compounds, plays major role in cancer research. Several sponge derived compounds such as alkaloids, terpenes, macrocylic lactone and polyketide are leading drugs in the treatment of different types of diseases including cancer. Those marine sponge compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Hence, this review sheds light on angiogenic regulators and marine sponge derived antiangiogenic compounds for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthu Senthilkumar
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Lee EJ, Park HW, Jeon HJ, Kim HS, Chang MS. Potentiated therapeutic angiogenesis by primed human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Regen Med 2013; 8:283-93. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are advantageous for cell-based therapy to treat ischemic diseases owing to their capacity to secrete various paracrine factors with potent angiogenic activity. Materials & methods: In this study, we describe a method to increase secreted levels of VEGF and HGF from hMSCs without genetic modification. Results: We demonstrated that transplantation of primed hMSCs into ischemic limbs led to significantly greater improvements in tissue perfusion and limb salvage by increasing capillary formation compared with nonprimed hMSCs. The primed hMSCs also exhibited greater survival in vivo and secreted human VEGF and HGF in the ischemic tissue, supporting enhanced angiogenesis and cell survival. Conclusion: These findings indicate that priming hMSCs via methods described in this study enhances secretion of critical proangiogenic factors resulting in an enhanced therapeutic effect of cells for the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells & IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells & IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Program, Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tafani M, Pucci B, Russo A, Schito L, Pellegrini L, Perrone GA, Villanova L, Salvatori L, Ravenna L, Petrangeli E, Russo MA. Modulators of HIF1α and NFkB in Cancer Treatment: Is it a Rational Approach for Controlling Malignant Progression? Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:13. [PMID: 23408731 PMCID: PMC3569619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIF1α and NFkB are two transcription factors very frequently activated in tumors and involved in tumor growth, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. In fact, HIF1α and NFkB together regulate transcription of over a thousand genes that, in turn, control vital cellular processes such as adaptation to the hypoxia, metabolic reprograming, inflammatory reparative response, extracellular matrix digestion, migration and invasion, adhesion, etc. Because of this wide involvement they could control in an integrated manner the origin of the malignant phenotype. Interestingly, hypoxia and inflammation have been sequentially bridged in tumors by the discovery that alarmin receptors genes such as RAGE, P2X7, and some TLRs, are activated by HIF1α; and that, in turn, alarmin receptors strongly activate NFkB and proinflammatory gene expression, evidencing all the hallmarks of the malignant phenotype. Recently, a large number of drugs have been identified that inhibit one or both transcription factors with promising results in terms of controlling tumor progression. In addition, many of these molecules are natural compounds or off-label drugs already used to cure other pathologies. Some of them are undergoing clinical trials and soon they will be used alone or in combination with standard anti-tumoral agents to achieve a better treatment of tumors with reduction of metastasis formation and, more importantly, with a net increase in survival. This review highlights the central role of HIF1α activated in hypoxic regions of the tumor, of NFkB activation and proinflammatory gene expression in transformed cells to understand their progression toward malignancy. Different molecules and strategies to inhibit these transcription factors will be reviewed. Finally, the central role of a new class of deacetylases called Sirtuins in regulating HIF1α and NFkB activity will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana Rome, Italy
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