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Do T, Vaculciakova S, Kluska K, Peris-Díaz MD, Priborsky J, Guran R, Krężel A, Adam V, Zitka O. Antioxidant-related enzymes and peptides as biomarkers of metallic nanoparticles (eco)toxicity in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142988. [PMID: 39103097 PMCID: PMC11422181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased awareness of the impact of human activities on the environment has emerged in recent decades. One significant global environmental and human health issue is the development of materials that could potentially have negative effects. These materials can accumulate in the environment, infiltrate organisms, and move up the food chain, causing toxic effects at various levels. Therefore, it is crucial to assess materials comprising nano-scale particles due to the rapid expansion of nanotechnology. The aquatic environment, particularly vulnerable to waste pollution, demands attention. This review provides an overview of the behavior and fate of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment. It focuses on recent studies investigating the toxicity of different metallic NPs on aquatic organisms, with a specific emphasis on thiol-biomarkers of oxidative stress such as glutathione, thiol- and related-enzymes, and metallothionein. Additionally, the selection of suitable measurement methods for monitoring thiol-biomarkers in NPs' ecotoxicity assessments is discussed. The review also describes the analytical techniques employed for determining levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Vaculciakova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kluska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manuel David Peris-Díaz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Priborsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Guran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Keller AA. Nanomaterials in sunscreens: Potential human and ecological health implications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:127-140. [PMID: 37799081 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials such as TiO2 and ZnO provide significant benefits in terms of UV protection, and their use generally has increased in commercial sunscreens. However, more recently there have been concerns about their potential human and ecological health implications, mostly driven by perception rather than by formal assessments. The large and increasing body of literature on these nanomaterials indicates that in most circumstances their risk are minimal. Penetration of the human epidermis is minimal for these nanomaterials, significantly reducing the potential effects that these nanomaterials may pose to internal organs. The excess Zn ion dose is very small compared to normal dietary consumption of Zn, which is a necessary element. The levels of residual nanomaterials or released ions in public swimming pools is also low, with minimal effect in case this water is ingested during swimming or bathing. In natural environments with significant water flow due to wind and water currents, the concentrations of nanomaterials and released ions are generally well below levels that would cause effects in aquatic organisms. However, sensitive habitats with slow currents, such as coral reefs, may accumulate these nanomaterials. The number of studies of the levels and effects of nanomaterials in these sensitive habitats is very small; more research is needed to determine if there is an elevated risk to these ecosystems from the use of sunscreens with these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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3
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Luo P, Ma G, Dudkiewicz A, Mao Z, Wang L, Jiang J. Effect of size and surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles on their retention in a sediment-water system and Lumbriculus variegatus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1347-1355. [PMID: 34709127 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1996183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increased production, usage, and disposal of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), there is growing concern over the fate of ENPs in the environment, their potential bioavailability and ecotoxicity. It is assumed that bioavailability and uptake into organisms depend on the environmental conditions as well as the physicochemical properties of ENPs, such as particle size or surface coating. A major sink for nanoparticles is expected to be sediments due to sorption and agglomeration processes. Accordingly, this study, investigated how different sizes (5 and 30 nm) and surface coatings of three different AuENPs based on citrate (AuCIT), mercaptoundecanoic acid (AuMUDA), and bovine serum albumin (AuBSA) affected the retention of ENPs in a sediment-water system and subsequent uptake into sediment-dwelling organism Lumbriculus variegatus (L. variegatus). Surface charge was found to be one of the factors affecting retention of the AuENPs in the sediment-water system. More negatively charged AuENPs had a higher mass fraction in the supernatant after 24 h exposure. Furthermore, the stability of AuENPs in the supernatant depended more on their zeta potential than particle size (5 nm vs. 30 nm). The surface coating was found to play an important role in the uptake (after depuration) of Au in L. variegatus, that is, AuBSA > AuCIT > AuMUDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guibin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Zhen Mao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lizhang Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiachao Jiang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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4
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Wu S, Gaillard JF, Gray KA. The impacts of metal-based engineered nanomaterial mixtures on microbial systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146496. [PMID: 34030287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous growth in the commercial use of metal-based engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for a wide range of products and processes. Consequently, direct and indirect release into environmental systems may no longer be considered negligible or insignificant. Yet, there is an active debate as to whether there are real risks to human or ecological health with environmental exposure to ENMs. Previous research has focused primarily on the acute effects of individual ENMs using pure cultures under controlled laboratory environments, which may not accurately reveal the ecological impacts of ENMs under real environmental conditions. The goal of this review is to assess our current understanding of ENM effects as we move from exposure of single to multiple ENMs or microbial species. For instance, are ENMs' impacts on microbial communities predicted by their intrinsic physical or chemical characteristics or their effects on single microbial populations; how do chronic ENM interactions compare to acute toxicity; does behavior under simplified laboratory conditions reflect that in environmental media; finally, is biological stress modified by interactions in ENM mixtures relative to that of individual ENM? This review summarizes key findings and our evolving understanding of the ecological effects of ENMs under complex environmental conditions on microbial systems, identifies the gaps in our current knowledge, and indicates the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, USA.
| | | | - Kimberly A Gray
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, USA.
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5
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Little S, Johnston HJ, Stone V, Fernandes TF. Acute waterborne and chronic sediment toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanomaterials towards the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100291. [PMID: 35559780 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) in industrial processes and consumer products has experienced considerable growth since the late 20th century. Throughout their lifecycle, both Ag NM and TiO2NM are released into the environment, with benthic systems anticipated to be the final sink. Their potential toxicity towards benthic species is therefore of major concern. This study investigated the toxicity of silver (Ag; NM-300 K) and titanium dioxide (TiO2; NM-104) NMs to the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus in acute (0-96-h) waterborne and chronic (28-d) sediment studies. Toxicity was investigated via assessment of mortality, behaviour, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The 96-h LC50 for Ag NMs in water was 0.51 mg/l (95% CI, 0.45-0.56), with L. variegatus displaying inhibited predation-avoidance behaviour compared to controls (6.66 ± 10%) successful response at 24-h), as well as significant increases (p < 0.05) in catalase (CAT) activity at sub-lethal concentrations at 24-h. Behavioural improvement and the return of antioxidant enzymes to control levels was observed after 48 and 72-h. AgNO3 exposure proved more toxic than Ag NM (96-h LC50 = 0.034 mg/l, 95% CI, 0.031-0.037) but resulted in no changes to antioxidant enzymes following sub-lethal exposure. Furthermore, Ag dissolution from Ag NM (~2-4%) could not account for the full extent of toxicity observed, suggesting a nano-specific effect. Increased environmental relevance via the inclusion of Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA, 5 mg/l) alleviated sub-lethal Ag NM toxicity despite a comparable 96-h LC50 (0.54 mg/l, 95% CI, 0.51-0.57). Significant effects of Ag NMs in formulated sediments (mortality, biomass) were only recorded according to OECD 225 at the highest test concentration (1333 mg/kg) for Ag NM indicating a potential attenuating effect of sediments towards toxicity. No toxicity was observed for TiO2 NM in aquatic or sediment exposures up to concentrations of 2000 mg/l and 1333 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Little
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Helinor J Johnston
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Vicki Stone
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa F Fernandes
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
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6
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Luo Z, Li Z, Xie Z, Sokolova IM, Song L, Peijnenburg WJGM, Hu M, Wang Y. Rethinking Nano-TiO 2 Safety: Overview of Toxic Effects in Humans and Aquatic Animals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002019. [PMID: 32761797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ) are widely used in consumer products, raising environmental and health concerns. An overview of the toxic effects of nano-TiO2 on human and environmental health is provided. A meta-analysis is conducted to analyze the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to the liver, circulatory system, and DNA in humans. To assess the environmental impacts of nano-TiO2 , aquatic environments that receive high nano-TiO2 inputs are focused on, and the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to aquatic organisms is discussed with regard to the present and predicted environmental concentrations. Genotoxicity, damage to membranes, inflammation and oxidative stress emerge as the main mechanisms of nano-TiO2 toxicity. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 can bind with free radicals and signal molecules, and interfere with the biochemical reactions on plasmalemma. At the higher organizational level, nano-TiO2 toxicity is manifested as the negative effects on fitness-related organismal traits including feeding, reproduction and immunity in aquatic organisms. Bibliometric analysis reveals two major research hot spots including the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of nano-TiO2 and the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and other environmental factors such as light and pH. The possible measures to reduce the harmful effects of nano-TiO2 on humans and non-target organisms has emerged as an underexplored topic requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhuoqing Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Lan Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, RA, 2300, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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7
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Influence of Algae Age and Population on the Response to TiO₂ Nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040585. [PMID: 29587381 PMCID: PMC5923627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work shows the influence of algae age (at the time of the exposure) and the initial algae population on the response of green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). The different algae age was obtained by changes in flow rate of continually stirred tank reactors prior to NP exposure. Increased algae age led to a decreased growth, variations in chlorophyll content, and an increased lipid peroxidation. Increased initial algae population (0.3−4.2 × 106 cells/mL) at a constant NP concentration (100 mg/L) caused a decline in the growth of algae. With increased initial algae population, the lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll both initially decreased and then increased. Lipid peroxidation had 4× the amount of the control at high and low initial population but, at mid-ranged initial population, had approximately half the control value. Chlorophyll a results also showed a similar trend. These results indicate that the physiological state of the algae is important for the toxicological effect of TiO2 NPs. The condition of algae and exposure regime must be considered in detail when assessing the toxicological response of NPs to algae.
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8
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Miao L, Wang P, Wang C, Hou J, Yao Y, Liu J, Lv B, Yang Y, You G, Xu Y, Liu Z, Liu S. Effect of TiO 2 and CeO 2 nanoparticles on the metabolic activity of surficial sediment microbial communities based on oxygen microelectrodes and high-throughput sequencing. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:287-296. [PMID: 29156393 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns regarding the potential ecological risks of metallic oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) in aquatic ecosystems are increasing; sediment is considered a sink for these MNPs. Although several studies have studied the potential impact of MNPs on microbial communities in freshwater and estuarine sediments, limited information is available regarding the influence of MNPs on the metabolic activity of surficial sediment microbial communities and related biogeochemical conditions. To address these issues, a microcosm approach was established to study the metabolic response of surficial sediment microbial communities to a single addition of TiO2 or CeO2 NPs (5 mg/L) using oxygen microelectrodes, enzyme activity measurements, and high-throughput sequencing. Rapid sedimentation of MNPs (regardless of NP type) was observed in freshwater samples, and most (up to 85%) accumulated in surface sediments (<5 mm). Microelectrode profile measurements in pre-incubated sediments treated with MNPs showed that the oxygen concentration decreased at a slower rate with increasing sediment depth compared to that in untreated controls. Biological oxygen consumption in the uppermost sediment layer (0-1500 μm) was significantly inhibited by MNPs, as calculated from steady-state microprofiles, with CeO2 NPs resulting in enhanced acute toxicity than TiO2 NPs. High-throughput sequencing showed that MNP exposure increased the bacterial diversity and altered the bacterial community structure, regardless of NP type. The abundance of three dominant bacterial genera, Methylotenera, Cytophagceae_uncultured (classified as an aerobic bacterium), and Cyanobacteria_norank (a facultative bacterium), was markedly reduced by MNPs, which was primarily responsible for inhibiting microbial-mediated oxygen consumption in surficial sediments. In summary, short-term exposure to MNPs negatively affected the metabolic activity of benthic microbial communities, which could influence the biogeochemical functions along the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang You
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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9
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Doyle JJ, Ward JE, Wikfors GH. Acute exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles produces minimal apparent effects on oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), hemocytes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:512-523. [PMID: 29475691 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The response of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes was studied following exposure to anatase nanoparticles (ca. 7.4nm), surface-coated rutile nanocomposites (UV-Titan M212, ca. 86nm) and bulk titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles (anatase and rutile crystalline forms; 0.4-0.5μm). Hemocytes were collected from oysters and exposed to one of the four particle types at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0mg/L under dark and environmentally-relevant light conditions for periods of two and four hours. Hemocyte mortality, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were then evaluated using flow-cytometric assays. Bulk and nanoparticulate TiO2 had little effect on viability of oyster hemocytes or on production of ROS. Significant changes in phagocytosis occurred after exposure to anatase nanoparticles for 4h under dark conditions, and UV-Titan for 2h under light conditions. Results demonstrate that TiO2 particles (bulk or nanoscale) produce minimal effects on hemocyte biomarkers examined following acute, in vitro exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Doyle
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, 55 Blackburn Center, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA.
| | - J Evan Ward
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA.
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10
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JAK/STAT and TGF-ß activation as potential adverse outcome pathway of TiO 2NPs phototoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17833. [PMID: 29259193 PMCID: PMC5736661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used nanoparticles, whose catalytic activity is mainly due to photoactivation. In this study, the toxicity of TiO2NPs was investigated on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with and without UV activation. Comparative analyses across the four treatments revealed that UV-activated TiO2NPs led to significant reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were conducted, followed by whole-genome network-based pathway analyses. Differential expression analysis from microarray data revealed only 4 DEGs by exposure to TiO2NPs alone, compared to 3,625 and 3,286 DEGs by UV alone and UV-activated TiO2NPs, respectively. Pathway analyses suggested the possible involvement of the JAK/STAT and TGF-ß pathways in the phototoxicity of TiO2NPs, which correlated with the observation of increased gene expression of those pathways. Comparative analysis of C. elegans response across UV activation and TiO2NPs exposure was performed using loss-of-function mutants of genes in these pathways. Results indicated that the JAK/STAT pathway was specific to TiO2NPs, whereas the TGF-ß pathway was specific to UV. Interestingly, crosstalk between these pathways was confirmed by further mutant analysis. We consider that these findings will contribute to understand the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of TiO2NPs in the natural environment.
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11
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Kennedy AJ, Coleman JG, Diamond SA, Melby NL, Bednar AJ, Harmon A, Collier ZA, Moser R. Assessing nanomaterial exposures in aquatic ecotoxicological testing: Framework and case studies based on dispersion and dissolution. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:546-557. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1317863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Kennedy
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Jessica G. Coleman
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Nicolas L. Melby
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Anthony J. Bednar
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Ashley Harmon
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Zachary A. Collier
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Robert Moser
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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12
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Bitragunta SP, Palani SG, Gopala A, Sarkar SK, Kandukuri VR. Detection of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant and Their Characterization Using Single Particle ICP-MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:595-600. [PMID: 28160041 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of analytical methods for detection and characterization of nanoparticles in the environment are gaining prominence across the globe. The present study was designed to quantify titanium (Ti) and to characterize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) from a municipal sewage treatment plant, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of Ti & TNP were 1085 & 13.6 mg/kg in the influent sewage and 298 & 3.3 mg/kg in the aeration tank contents, respectively. The size of TNP ranged between 71-145 nm in the sludge fraction. Determining environmentally realistic concentrations of TNP could serve as a tracer material for characterization of those nanomaterials with similar size and aggregation properties. Furthermore, inference of Ti and TNP in municipal sewage in the study will also help in environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Bitragunta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sankar Ganesh Palani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - Anil Gopala
- Verder Scientific Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Venugopal Reddy Kandukuri
- Central Facilities for Research and Development, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
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Haynes VN, Ward JE, Russell BJ, Agrios AG. Photocatalytic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms-Current knowledge and suggestions for future research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:138-148. [PMID: 28213304 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are entering natural systems through product usage, industrial waste and post-consumer material degradation. As the production of nanoparticles is expected to increase in the next decade, so too are predicted environmental loads. Engineered metal-oxide nanomaterials, such as titanium dioxide, are known for their photocatalytic capabilities. When these nanoparticles are exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the environment, however, they can produce radicals that are harmful to aquatic organisms. There have been a number of studies that have reported the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the absence of light. An increasing number of studies are assessing the interactive effects of nanoparticles and ultraviolet light. However, most of these studies neglect environmentally-relevant experimental conditions. For example, researchers are using nanoparticle concentrations and light intensities that are too high for natural systems, and are ignoring water constituents that can alter the light field. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the photocatalytic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on aquatic organisms, discuss the limitations of these studies, and outline environmentally-relevant factors that need to be considered in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vena N Haynes
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - J Evan Ward
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Brandon J Russell
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Alexander G Agrios
- University of Connecticut, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 261 Glenbrook Road Unit 3037, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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Friehs E, AlSalka Y, Jonczyk R, Lavrentieva A, Jochums A, Walter JG, Stahl F, Scheper T, Bahnemann D. Toxicity, phototoxicity and biocidal activity of nanoparticles employed in photocatalysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Li S, Ma H, Wallis LK, Etterson MA, Riley B, Hoff DJ, Diamond SA. Impact of natural organic matter on particle behavior and phototoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:324-333. [PMID: 26519592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their inherent phototoxicity and inevitable environmental release, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) are increasingly studied in the field of aquatic toxicology. One of the particular interests is the interactions between nano-TiO2 and natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to study the impacts of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) on phototoxicity and particle behaviors of nano-TiO2. For Daphnia magna, after the addition of 5mg/L SRNOM, LC50 value decreased significantly from 1.03 (0.89-1.20) mg/L to 0.26 (0.22-0.31) mg/L. For zebrafish larvae, phototoxic LC50 values were 39.9 (95% CI, 25.9-61.2) mg/L and 26.3 (95% CI, 18.3-37.8) mg/L, with or without the presence of 5mg/L SRNOM, respectively. There was no statistically significant change of these LC50 values. The impact of SRNOM on phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 was highly dependent on test species, with D. magna being the more sensitive species. The impact on particle behavior was both qualitatively and quantitatively examined. A global predictive model for particle behavior was developed with a three-way interaction of SRNOM, TiO2 concentration, and time and an additive effect of ionic strength. Based on power analyses, 96-h exposure in bioassays was recommended for nanoparticle-NOM interaction studies. The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching of SRNOM was also systematically studied using a novel exposure system that isolates the effects of environmental factors. These experiments were conducted with minimal impacts of other important interaction mechanisms (NOM particle stabilization, NOM UV attenuation, and NOM photosensitization). This study highlighted both the particle stabilization and ROS quenching effects of NOM on nano-TiO2 in an aquatic system. There is an urgent need for representative test materials, together with key environmental factors, for future risk assessment and regulations of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Li
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Lindsay K Wallis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Matthew A Etterson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Riley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Dale J Hoff
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
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16
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Floehr T, Scholz-Starke B, Xiao H, Hercht H, Wu L, Hou J, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Segner H, Kammann U, Yuan X, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Linking Ah receptor mediated effects of sediments and impacts on fish to key pollutants in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir, China - A comprehensive perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:191-211. [PMID: 26298852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), created in consequence of the Yangtze River's impoundment by the Three Gorges Dam, faces numerous anthropogenic impacts that challenge its unique ecosystem. Organic pollutants, particularly aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, have been widely detected in the Yangtze River, but only little research was yet done on AhR-mediated activities. Hence, in order to assess effects of organic pollution, with particular focus on AhR-mediated activities, several sites in the TGR area were examined applying the "triad approach". It combines chemical analysis, in vitro, in vivo and in situ investigations to a holistic assessment. Sediments and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011/2012, respectively, to identify relevant endpoints. Sediment was tested in vitro with the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction assay, and in vivo with the Fish Embryo Toxicity Test and Sediment Contact Assay with Danio rerio. Activities of phase I (EROD) and phase II (glutathione-S-transferase) biotransformation enzymes, pollutant metabolites and histopathological alterations were studied in situ in P. vachellii. EROD induction was tested in vitro and in situ to evaluate possible relationships. Two sites, near Chongqing and Kaixian city, were identified as regional hot-spots and further investigated in 2013. The sediments induced in the in vitro/in vivo bioassays AhR-mediated activities and embryotoxic/teratogenic effects - particularly on the cardiovascular system. These endpoints could be significantly correlated to each other and respective chemical data. However, particle-bound pollutants showed only low bioavailability. The in situ investigations suggested a rather poor condition of P. vachellii, with histopathological alterations in liver and excretory kidney. Fish from Chongqing city exhibited significant hepatic EROD induction and obvious parasitic infestations. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene was detected in bile of fish from all sites. All endpoints in combination with the chemical data suggest a pivotal role of PAHs in the observed ecotoxicological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Floehr
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Björn Scholz-Starke
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Hercht
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Junli Hou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | | | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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17
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Farkas J, Peter H, Ciesielski TM, Thomas KV, Sommaruga R, Salvenmoser W, Weyhenmeyer GA, Tranvik LJ, Jenssen BM. Impact of TiO₂ nanoparticles on freshwater bacteria from three Swedish lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:85-93. [PMID: 25813090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapidly rising production and usage of nano-enabled products, aquatic environments are increasingly exposed to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), causing concerns about their potential negative effects. In this study we assessed the effects of uncoated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on the growth and activity of bacterial communities of three Swedish lakes featuring different chemical characteristics such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, pH and elemental composition. TiO2NP exposure concentrations were 15, 100, and 1000 μg L(-1), and experiments were performed in situ under three light regimes: darkness, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ambient sunlight including UV radiation (UVR). The nanoparticles were most stable in lake water with high DOC and low chemical element concentrations. At the highest exposure concentration (1000 μg L(-1) TiO2NP) the bacterial abundance was significantly reduced in all lake waters. In the medium and high DOC lake waters, exposure concentrations of 100 μg L(-1) TiO2NP caused significant reductions in bacterial abundance. The cell-specific bacterial activity was significantly enhanced at high TiO2NP exposure concentrations, indicating the loss of nanoparticle-sensitive bacteria and a subsequent increased activity by tolerant ones. No UV-induced phototoxic effect of TiO2NP was found in this study. We conclude that in freshwater lakes with high DOC and low chemical element concentrations, uncoated TiO2NPs show an enhanced stability and can significantly reduce bacterial abundance at relatively low exposure concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Farkas
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hannes Peter
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, PO Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars J Tranvik
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, PO Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Koelmans AA, Diepens NJ, Velzeboer I, Besseling E, Quik JTK, van de Meent D. Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:141-9. [PMID: 25684040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the environmental fate and effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is in a state of fast transition. Recent scientific developments open new and powerful perspectives to define a framework for the prognostic risk assessment of ENMs in aquatic ecosystems. This requires abandoning the reductionist's approach of mechanistic analysis on particle or cellular scales and calls for engineering solutions that deal with uncertainties by applying assessment factors and probabilistic approaches. An ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for ENMs is similar to that for other classes of substances, in that it requires clear protection goals based on ecosystem services, evidence-based concepts that link exposure to effects, and a transparent tiered effect assessment. Here, we discuss approaches to assess exposure and effects of ENMs. This includes recent developments in ENP fate modeling that greatly expanded the potential of prognostic exposure assessments. For the effect assessment, we advise a cost-effective screening based on principles of read-across as a conservative first tier. The feasibility of using species sensitivity distributions as a higher tier option is discussed. Controlled model ecosystem field experiments are proposed as a highest experimental tier, and are required for the calibration of the lower tiers. An outlook to unify information from various tiers by experimental work, fate modeling, and effect modeling as cost-effective prognostic tools for the ERA of ENMs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
| | - N J Diepens
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Velzeboer
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Besseling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - J T K Quik
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM-DMG), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D van de Meent
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM-DMG), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Angel BM, Vallotton P, Apte SC. On the mechanism of nanoparticulate CeO2 toxicity to freshwater algae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 168:90-97. [PMID: 26461912 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The factors affecting the chronic (72-h) toxicity of three nanoparticulate (10-34nm) and one micron-sized form of CeO2 to the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were investigated. To characterise transformations in solution, hydrodynamic diameters (HDD) were measured by dynamic light scatter, zeta potential values by electrophoretic mobility, and dissolution by equilibrium dialysis. The protective effects of humic and fulvic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on toxicity were also assessed. To investigate the mechanisms of algal toxicity, the CytoViva hyperspectral imaging system was used to visualise algal-CeO2 interactions in the presence and absence of DOC, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated by 'switching off' ROS production using UV-filtered lighting conditions. The nanoparticulate CeO2 immediately aggregated in solution to HDDs measured in the range 113-193nm, whereas the HDD and zeta potential values were significantly lower in the presence of DOC. Negligible CeO2 dissolution over the time course of the bioassay ruled out potential toxicity from dissolved cerium. The nanoparticulate CeO2 concentration that caused 50% inhibition of algal growth rate (IC50) was in the range 7.6-28mg/L compared with 59mg/L for micron-sized ceria, indicating that smaller particles were more toxic. The presence of DOC mitigated toxicity, with IC50s increasing to greater than 100mg/L. Significant ROS were generated in the nanoparticulate CeO2 bioassays under normal light conditions. However, 'switching off' ROS under UV-filtered light conditions resulted in a similar IC50, indicating that ROS generation was not the toxic mechanism. The CytoViva imaging showed negligible sorption of nanoparticulate CeO2 to algal cells in the presence of DOC, and strong sorption in its absence, suggesting that this was the toxic mechanism. The results suggest that DOC in natural waters will coat CeO2 particles and mitigate toxicity to algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Angel
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Pascal Vallotton
- Digital Productivity Flagship, CSIRO, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Simon C Apte
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
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20
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Feckler A, Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles affect habitat selection of and food quality for a key species in the leaf litter decomposition process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:276-283. [PMID: 25463723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with environmental parameters may alter the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles. The present study therefore assessed the (in)direct effects of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano-TiO(2)) towards Gammarus fossarum, considering nano-TiO(2)'s photocatalytic properties at ambient UV-intensities. Gammarids' habitat selection was investigated using its feeding preference on leaf discs either exposed to or protected from UV-irradiation in presence of nano-TiO(2) as proxy (n = 49). UV-irradiational one induced a significant preference for UV-protected habitats, which was more pronounced in simultaneous presence of nano-TiO(2). This behaviour may be mainly explained by the UV-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nano-TiO(2). Besides their direct toxicity, ROS may have lowered the leaf-quality in UV-exposed areas contributing (approximately 30%) to the observed behavioural pattern. Since the predicted no effect concentration of nano-TiO(2) in combination with UV irradiation falls below the predicted environmental concentration this study underpins the importance of considering environmental parameters during the risk assessment of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Feckler
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
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21
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Wallis LK, Diamond SA, Ma H, Hoff DJ, Al-Abed SR, Li S. Chronic TiO₂ nanoparticle exposure to a benthic organism, Hyalella azteca: impact of solar UV radiation and material surface coatings on toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:356-62. [PMID: 25203828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on the chronic effects of nanomaterials to benthic organisms, as well as environmental mitigating factors that might influence this toxicity. The present study aimed to fill these data gaps by examining various growth endpoints (weight gain, instantaneous growth rate, and total protein content) for up to a 21 d sediment exposure of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) to a representative benthic species, Hyalella azteca. An uncoated standard, P25, and an Al(OH)3 coated nano-TiO2 used in commercial products were added to sediment at 20 mg/L or 100 mg/L Under test conditions, UV exposure alone was shown to be a greater cause of toxicity than even these high levels of nano-TiO2 exposure, indicating that different hazards need to be addressed in toxicity testing scenarios. In addition, this study showed the effectiveness of a surface coating on the decreased photoactivity of the material, as the addition of an Al(OH)3 coating showed a dramatic decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, this reduced photoactivity was found to be partially restored when the coating had been degraded, leading to the need for future toxicity tests which examine the implications of weathering events on particle surface coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Wallis
- Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | | | - Hongbo Ma
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Dale J Hoff
- Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Souhail R Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Shibin Li
- Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA.
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22
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Lin X, Li J, Ma S, Liu G, Yang K, Tong M, Lin D. Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to Escherichia coli: effects of particle size, crystal phase and water chemistry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110247. [PMID: 25310452 PMCID: PMC4195723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversial and inconsistent results on the eco-toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly found in recorded studies and more experimental works are therefore warranted to elucidate the nanotoxicity and its underlying precise mechanisms. Toxicities of five types of TiO2 NPs with different particle sizes (10∼50 nm) and crystal phases were investigated using Escherichia coli as a test organism. The effect of water chemistry on the nanotoxicity was also examined. The antibacterial effects of TiO2 NPs as revealed by dose-effect experiments decreased with increasing particle size and rutile content of the TiO2 NPs. More bacteria could survive at higher solution pH (5.0-10.0) and ionic strength (50-200 mg L(-1) NaCl) as affected by the anatase TiO2 NPs. The TiO2 NPs with anatase crystal structure and smaller particle size produced higher content of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, in line with their greater antibacterial effect. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed the concentration buildup of the anatase TiO2 NPs especially those with smaller particle sizes on the cell surfaces, leading to membrane damage and internalization. These research results will shed new light on the understanding of ecological effects of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Lin
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Fujian, China
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Ma
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gesheng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Tong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Seitz F, Rosenfeldt RR, Schneider S, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Size-, surface- and crystalline structure composition-related effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles during their aquatic life cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:891-897. [PMID: 25010941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle toxicity depends amongst others on particle characteristics and nanoparticle behavior during their aquatic life cycle. Aquatic organisms may be exposed to nanoparticle agglomerates of varying size, while lager agglomerates after settling rather affect benthic organisms. In this context, the present study systematically examined the role of particle characteristics, i.e. crystalline structure composition (anatase as well as mixture of anatase-rutile), initial particle size (55-, 100-, and 140-nm) and surface area, in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) to the pelagic filter feeder Daphnia magna (n = 4) and the benthic amphipod Gammarus fossarum (n = 30). Smaller initial particle sizes (i.e. 55-nm) and anatase based particles showed an approximately 90% lower Daphnia EC50-value compared to its respective counterpart. Most importantly, particle surface normalized EC50-values significantly differed for nanoparticles equal to or below 100 nm in size from 140-nm sized particles. Hence, these data suggest that the reactive initial surface area may explain the ecotoxicological potential of different particle size classes only if their size is smaller or around 100 nm. In contrast to Daphnia, Gammarus was not affected by nTiO2 concentrations of up to 5.00 mg/L, irrespective of their characteristics. This indicates fundamental differences in the toxicity of nTiO2 during its aquatic life cycle mediated by alterations in their characteristics over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seitz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany.
| | - Ricki R Rosenfeldt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sandra Schneider
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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