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Berger ML, Shaw SD, Rolsky C, Harris JH, Guo Y, Kannan K. Occurrence and tissue-specific partitioning of alternative brominated flame retardants in northwest Atlantic harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina vitulina). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137968. [PMID: 36708778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used for decades until evidence of negative health effects led to bans in many countries. PBDEs have since been replaced by alternative legacy compounds or newly developed chemicals. In this study, eight alternative brominated flame retardants were analyzed in blubber and liver of harbor seal pups (≤6 months) from the Northwest Atlantic collected during 2001-2010 to elucidate concentrations, patterns, contamination trends, potential maternal transfer, and tissue partitioning. All compounds were detected in liver and blubber tissues with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers and 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) predominating. Overall, α-HBCD was the dominant HBCD isomer in both tissues although the concentrations of γ-HBCD exceeded those of α-HBCD in seven pups, indicating their mothers may have had alternative dietary patterns or recent exposure to the commercial mixture. Although it was detected in less than half of the samples, to our knowledge, this is the first study to report tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) concentrations in multiple tissues of a top marine predator. For the brominated components of Firemaster® flame retardants, TBB concentrations exceeded bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH). This pattern may result from recent exposure to commercial mixtures in which TBB exceeds TBPH 4:1 or from differences in perinatal or lactational transfer efficiency of the two compounds. Between the two tissues, lipid-normalized β-HBCD, γ-HBCD, TBB and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) concentrations were significantly higher in liver than blubber. This indicates that the bioaccumulation of these chemicals is not simply related to lipid dynamics but may be linked to blood proteins. This study demonstrates that harbor seal pups from this region are contaminated with alternative flame retardants passed to them via placental or lactational transfer. Given the evidence for negative health effects of these chemicals, this contamination adds additional pressure on the first year survival of these young, developing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Berger
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA.
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Charles Rolsky
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Jennifer H Harris
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, 698 MSB 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Smythe TA, Su G, Bergman Å, Letcher RJ. Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107097. [PMID: 35134713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, production trends of the flame retardant (FR) industry, and specifically for brominated FRs (BFRs), is for the replacement of banned and regulated compounds with more highly brominated, higher molecular weight compounds including oligomeric and polymeric compounds. Chemical, biological, and environmental stability of BFRs has received some attention over the years but knowledge is currently lacking in the transformation potential and metabolism of replacement emerging or novel BFRs (E/NBFRs). For articles published since 2015, a systematic search strategy reviewed the existing literature on the direct (e.g., in vitro or in vivo) non-human BFR metabolism in fauna (animals). Of the 51 papers reviewed, and of the 75 known environmental BFRs, PBDEs were by far the most widely studied, followed by HBCDDs and TBBPA. Experimental protocols between studies showed large disparities in exposure or incubation times, age, sex, depuration periods, and of the absence of active controls used in in vitro experiments. Species selection emphasized non-standard test animals and/or field-collected animals making comparisons difficult. For in vitro studies, confounding variables were generally not taken into consideration (e.g., season and time of day of collection, pollution point-sources or human settlements). As of 2021 there remains essentially no information on the fate and metabolic pathways or kinetics for 30 of the 75 environmentally relevant E/BFRs. Regardless, there are clear species-specific and BFR-specific differences in metabolism and metabolite formation (e.g. BDE congeners and HBCDD isomers). Future in vitro and in vivo metabolism/biotransformation research on E/NBFRs is required to better understand their bioaccumulation and fate in exposed organisms. Also, studies should be conducted on well characterized lab (e.g., laboratory rodents, zebrafish) and commonly collected wildlife species used as captive models (crucian carp, Japanese quail, zebra finches and polar bears).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Smythe
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Guanyong Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Yu YJ, Li ZR, Zhu Y, Li LZ, Zhang LH, Xiang MD, Zeng EY. Significance of biotransformation and excretion on the enantioselective bioaccumulation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in laying hens and developing chicken embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126749. [PMID: 34390953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although (-)-α-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and (+)-γ-HBCDD are preferentially enriched in chickens, the key factors contributing to their selective bioaccumulation in hens and their potential biotransformation in developing chicken embryos remain unclear. Herein, in vivo and in ovo exposure experiments using hens and fertilized eggs were conducted to investigate the absorption, excretion, and biotransformation of HBCDDs in chickens. γ-HBCDD (76%) exhibited a higher absorption efficiency than α- (22%) and β- (69%) HBCDDs. However, α-HBCDD was dominant in hen tissues, although γ-HBCDD accounted for >75% in the spiked feed. Moreover, chicken embryos biotransformed approximately 9.5% and 11.7% of absorbed α- and γ-HBCDDs, respectively, implying that diastereomer-selective elimination causes the predominance of α-HBCDD in hens. The concentration and enantiomer fraction (EF) of α-HBCDD in laid eggs were significantly positively correlated, suggesting enantioselective elimination. The EFs of α- and γ-HBCDDs varied between feces from the exposure and depuration periods, indicating the preferred excretion of (+)-α- and (-)-γ-HBCDDs. Furthermore, the enantioselective biotransformation of (-)-γ-HBCDD was confirmed in developing chicken embryos. These results show that excretion and biotransformation contribute to the diastereomer- and enantiomer-selective bioaccumulation of HBCDDs in chickens; The results may improve our understanding of the environmental fate and ecological risks of HBCDDs in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi' an Polytechnic University, Xi' an 710048, China
| | - Liang-Zhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Luo-Hong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi' an Polytechnic University, Xi' an 710048, China
| | - Ming-Deng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Tongue ADW, Fernie KJ, Harrad S, Drage DS, McGill RAR, Reynolds SJ. Interspecies comparisons of brominated flame retardants in relation to foraging ecology and behaviour of gulls frequenting a UK landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142890. [PMID: 33131861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study quantifies and compares concentrations and profiles of legacy and alternative (alt-) brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the eggs of three gull (Laridae) species of international/UK conservation concern - great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus; n = 7), European herring gulls (L. argentatus; n = 16) and lesser black-backed gulls (L. fuscus; n = 11) in relation to their foraging ecology and behaviour in order to investigate potential exposure pathways at a remote landfill in western Scotland, UK. Egg concentrations of sum (∑) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑8PBDEs) in all three species exceeded those for most reported avian species using landfill, except for those in North America. Despite relatively high detection frequencies of ∑hexabromocyclododecanes (∑3HBCDDs) (94-100%), concentrations of ∑8PBDEs exceeded ∑3HBCDDs and ∑5alt-BFRs, with ∑8PBDE levels similar in all three species. Egg carbon isotopic (δ13C) values highlighted a greater marine dietary input in great black-backed gulls that was consistent with their higher BDE-47 levels; otherwise, dietary tracers were minimally correlated with measured BFRs. ∑3HBCDD egg concentrations of herring gulls markedly exceeded those reported elsewhere in Europe. Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) was the only alt-BFR detected (6-14% detection rate), in a single egg of each species. The great black-backed gull egg contained the highest concentration of DBDPE measured in biota to date globally and provides strong evidence for its emerging environmental presence as a BDE-209 replacement in UK wildlife. Correlations between δ13C (dietary source) and some measured BFRs in eggs suggest multiple routes of BFR exposure for gulls frequenting landfill through their diet, behaviour, preening, dermal exposure and likely inhalation. The frequent use of landfill by herring gulls and their increased egg BFR burdens suggest that this species may be an important bioindicator of BFR emissions from such sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D W Tongue
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kim J Fernie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel S Drage
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rona A R McGill
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
| | - S James Reynolds
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; The Army Ornithological Society (AOS), c/o Prince Consort Library, Knollys Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 1PS, UK
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Qian Z, Xu C, Dong X, Tang S, Wei S. Spatiotemporal characteristics and pollution level of brominated flame retardants in bivalves from Fujian southern coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13141-z. [PMID: 33650050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and spatiotemporal distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), were analyzed in bivalves from Fujian southern coastal areas. The concentrations of HBCD and TBBPA ranged from ND (not detected) to 5.540 ng·g-1 (ww) (median of 0.111 ng·g-1) and ND to 0.962 ng·g-1 (ww) (median of ND), respectively. In addition, α-HBCD was found as the predominant diastereoisomer in all the studied samples, followed by β-HBCD and γ-HBCD. The spatial distribution of BFRs showed a peak distribution, with the content being higher in the marine environment of Xiamen and Quanzhou, in South Fujian, and lower toward the marine environment of Zhangzhou, and Putian. BFRs contamination level was correlated to the bay geographical location and proximity to local industries. Furthermore, the results of the study showed a seasonal variation pattern: summer > autumn > spring > winter. This study provides base information on the contamination status of these BFRs in the marine environment of southern Fujian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhen Qian
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China.
| | - Cuiya Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Xiaoyi Dong
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Shuifen Tang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Shaohong Wei
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
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de Wit CA, Johansson AK, Sellström U, Lindberg P. Mass balance study of brominated flame retardants in female captive peregrine falcons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1115-1131. [PMID: 31237594 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about brominated flame retardant (BFR) dynamics in birds, especially large molecules such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). In particular, bioaccumulation from food and transfer dynamics to eggs are poorly understood. Therefore, an input-output mass balance study of tri-decaBDEs, DBDPE and HBCDD was performed in three female peregrine falcons from a captive breeding program by analyzing their naturally contaminated food (quail, chicken (cockerels)), plasma, feces and eggs. Predominant BFRs in cockerels and quail were BDE-209 and DBDPE, as well as HBCDD in quail. The predominant BFRs found in falcon plasma were BDE-209, -153 and -183, in eggs, HBCDD, BDE-209 and -153 and in feces, BDE-209. Mean absorption efficiencies (AE) for the tetra-octabrominated BDEs ranged from 84-100% and 70% for HBCDD. The AEs for BDE-206, -207, -208 and -209 varied due to the large variability seen for feces fluxes. All egg/plasma ratios for BDEs were similar and greater than one (range 1.1-2.7), including for BDE-209, indicating efficient transfer from females to the eggs. Excretion via egg-laying was approximately 6.0-29% of the initial, pre-breeding body burden of individual penta-decaBDE congeners, (15-45% for BDE-206). HBCDD was not detected in plasma but was found in eggs, also indicating efficient transfer and excretion via eggs. Input fluxes from food exceeded the output fluxes (feces, eggs) indicating considerable metabolism for tetra-octaBDEs, possibly also for the nona-decaBDEs and HBCDD. Bioaccumulation factors calculated from lipid weight concentrations in plasma and food (BAFp) were highest for BDE-208 (31), -153 (23), -209 (19) and -207 (16) and from eggs and food (BAFe), were highest for HBCDD (140), BDE-153 (41), -208 (42), BDE-207 (24) and BDE-209 (21). BAFe and BAFp values were below 10 for BDE-47, -99 and -100. For one falcon, egg results were available from three different years and estimated half-lives were 65 d (BDE-99), 624 d (BDE-153), 31 d (BDE-154), 349 d (BDE-183), 77 d (BDE-196) and 89 d (BDE-197).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Karin Johansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulla Sellström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Lindberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Tongue ADW, Reynolds SJ, Fernie KJ, Harrad S. Flame retardant concentrations and profiles in wild birds associated with landfill: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:646-658. [PMID: 30844700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Given factors such as their persistence and toxicity, legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are subject to regulation. Waste streams likely represent a substantial reservoir of legacy BFRs given that they were once widely applied to goods which are increasingly likely to be obsolete. Waste streams are also increasingly likely to be a source of emerging flame retardants, in particular, novel BFRs (NBFRs), the halogenated norbornene flame retardant Dechlorane Plus (DDC-CO) and the brominated, chlorinated or non-halogenated organophosphate triester flame retardants (PFRs). Many bird populations rely on landfill and its surrounding land-use for inter alia the opportunities it provides for activities such as foraging and resting. However, studies on captive and wild (free-living) birds have demonstrated deleterious effects of several FRs. Globally, approximately 250 bird species, including many of conservation concern, are reported to use landfill and surrounding habitat (including wastewater treatment operations), thus putting birds potentially at risk of exposure to such chemicals. We synthesise and critically evaluate a total of 18 studies covering eight avian species published between 2008 and 2018 (inclusive) across four continents that report flame retardant (FR) burdens in birds utilising landfill. Several such studies found FRs at among the highest concentrations detected in wild biota to date. We recommend that ongoing research be focused on landfill-associated birds, given that landfill is an important source of FRs and other anthropogenic chemicals, and particularly at sites where species are of conservation concern. We suggest ways in which the comparative power of studies could be enhanced in the future, the reporting of a minimum common suite of key chemicals, and where feasible, standardisation of the tissue compartments (i.e., eggs) to be studied. We conclude by identifying future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D W Tongue
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S James Reynolds
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; The Army Ornithological Society (AOS), c/o Prince Consort Library, Knollys Road, Aldershot, Hampshire, GU11 1PS, UK
| | - Kim J Fernie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Su G, McGoldrick DJ, Clark MG, Evans MS, Gledhill M, Garron C, Armelin A, Backus SM, Letcher RJ. Isomer-Specific Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) Levels in Top Predator Fish from Across Canada and 36-Year Temporal Trends in Lake Ontario. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6197-6207. [PMID: 29737158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is a high concern environmental pollutant due to its persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties. The spatial distribution of HBCDD was investigated in top predator fish (lake trout, walleye, or brook trout) collected in 2013 ( n = 165) from 19 sampling sites and in 2015 ( n = 145) from 20 sites across Canada. HBCDD was measurable in at least one sample at each sampling site regardless of sampling year with the exception of walleye from the south basin of Lake Winnipeg (2013). Sampling sites in or near the Laurentian Great Lakes had greater ΣHBCDD concentrations compared to locations to the west or east. The greatest mean ΣHBCDD concentration was 72.6 ng/g lw in fish from Lake Huron-Goderich (2015). Regardless of the sampling sites, α-HBCDD was the dominant congener followed by γ-HBCDD, whereas β-HBCDD was barely detectable. In fish from the same waterbody there were comparable α/γ isomer concentration ratios. The greatest ratio was 20.8 in fish from Lake Ontario, whereas the lowest ratio was 6.3 for fish from Lac Memphrémagog (Québec) likely related to more recent emissions of a technical HBCDD mixture. Temporal trends of HBCDD in lake trout from Lake Ontario showed a significant decreasing trend for γ-HBCDD with a half-life estimate of 10 years over a 36-year period (1979-2015), and for α-HBCDD with a half-life of 11 years over the years of 2008 to 2015. The proportion of α-HBCDD to ΣHBCDD increased significantly during 1979 to 2015. The present study provided novel information on the isomer-specific HBCDDs in Canada freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daryl J McGoldrick
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Mandi G Clark
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Marlene S Evans
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Melissa Gledhill
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Christine Garron
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Alain Armelin
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Sean M Backus
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0H3 , Canada
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Xia W, Wang J, Yang H, Zhang H, Yang B, Zeng Y, Xu J, Li Z, Qian M. Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Hexabromocyclododecane Isomers in Duck Tissues. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:754-759. [PMID: 29713751 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eighty ducks (Sheldrake, Anas platyrhynchos) from Zhejiang Province, China were fed capsules containing commercialized hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) at low (0.8 mg/kg/day) or high (1.6 mg/kg/day) exposure level, or only maize starch for 21 days. Then the next 21 days was set as depuration period. Ducks were euthanizated at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after last dose and ten duck tissues including skin, tongue, intestines, heart, gizzard, muscle, liver, lung, brain and blood were sampled, separately. Three HBCDs including α-HBCD, β-HBCD and γ-HBCD in duck tissue samples were analyzed. At the end of depuration period, the total HBCDs concentration in skin was significantly higher than those in the other tissues (p < 0.05). The elimination rates of the three isomers in skin, tongue, intestines, heart, gizzard and brain were in the order β- > γ- > α-HBCD. The enantioselectivity of three HBCDs enantiomers was also studied in ten duck tissues. It was shown that the EF (enrichment factor) for two γ-HBCD enantiomers was significant lower than 0.5 (p < 0.05) in gizzard, heart, muscle, tongue, intestinal and liver at the end of depuration day, showing a selective accumulation of (+)-γ-HBCD in these tissues. This study provided a reference for evaluation on the accumulation of the persistent contamination of HBCDs in edible poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuan Zeng
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingrong Qian
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ratel J, Planche C, Mercier F, Blinet P, Kondjoyan N, Marchand P, Fournier A, Travel A, Jondreville C, Engel E. Liver volatolomics to reveal poultry exposure to γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:634-642. [PMID: 28965058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a critical emerging brominated flame retardant to which consumers can be exposed at high doses through a single food intake. Based on an animal experiment involving 3 groups of laying hens fed during 70 days with a control diet or γ-HBCD-contaminated diets at 0.1 or 10 μg γ-HBCD g-1 feed, this study aims to use the volatolome of biological samples for revealing markers of livestock exposure to HBCD. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor the time-course of HBCD levels in bodily samples. Each liver was analyzed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for volatolome profiling. After 70 days, γ-HBCD concentrations in egg yolk, fat, liver and serum reached 54 ± 4, 85 ± 6, 31 ± 6, and 32 ± 4 ng g-1 lw, respectively, for the low exposure level and 4.6+/5.7, 7.8+/6.5, 3.9+/3.0 and 3.9+/6.1 μg g-1 lw, respectively, for the high exposure level. Isomerization of γ-HBCD into α- and β-HBCD was observed in all tissues, at least for the high exposure level. Volatolome data allowed a significant discrimination between control and exposed animals whatever the feed contamination load, demonstrating a liver metabolic response to γ-HBCD exposure. The relevance of the twenty nine volatile exposure markers tentatively identified was discussed in light of literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ratel
- INRA, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Agnès Fournier
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UR AFPA, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Erwan Engel
- INRA, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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11
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Jondreville C, Cariou R, Travel A, Belhomme LJ, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B, Huneau-Salaün A, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S. Hens can ingest extruded polystyrene in rearing buildings and lay eggs contaminated with hexabromocyclododecane. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:62-67. [PMID: 28768159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The overall concentration of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in eggs is low although abnormally high concentrations exceeding 3000 ng g-1 lw have been reported. In order to test whether these contaminations may originate from the ingestion of insulating materials in rearing buildings, a group of 55 hens raised in a collective cage was provided with a 64-g piece of extruded polystyrene (XPS, 2.59% HBCDD of which 75, 15 and 10% as α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, respectively). Hens entirely consumed the piece within 3 days, leading to a mean daily exposure of 4.7 mg HBCDD per kg body weight. Whole egg HBCDD concentration reached a maximum of 1037 ng HBCDD g-1 fresh weight (fw), recorded 2 days after the piece had disappeared, and decreased down to 86 ng g-1 fw within the 19 following days. In all these samples, HBCDD was made of 98.7 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.6% α- and β-HBCDD, respectively, and 0.1% γ-HBCDD when quantified; it was enriched in (-)α- and (+)β-HBCDD with enantiomeric fractions of 0.438 ± 0.009 and 0.579 ± 0.030, respectively. HBCDD was quantified in all the individual eggs collected the last day of experiment at concentrations ranging between 0.47 and 1361 ng g-1 fw, according to a lognormal distribution. The ingestion of XPS in degraded rearing buildings is thus a plausible cause of on-farm egg contamination by HBCDD which should be strictly avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Angélique Travel
- ITAVI, Centre INRA de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; UMT Sanivol, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Louis-Jean Belhomme
- ANSES, SELEAC, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France; UMT Sanivol, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Huneau-Salaün
- ANSES, EBEAC, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France; UMT Sanivol, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- ANSES, EBEAC, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France; UMT Sanivol, Ploufragan-Plouzané, 22440, Ploufragan, France
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12
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Jondreville C, Cariou R, Méda B, Dominguez-Romero E, Omer E, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B, Travel A, Baéza E. Accumulation of α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in tissues of fast- and slow-growing broilers (Gallus domesticus). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:424-431. [PMID: 28342374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to describe the fate of ingested α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) broilers, through an exposure to a dietary concentration of 50 ng α-HBCDD g-1 feed during 42 and 84 days, respectively. Depuration parameters were assessed in SG broilers successively exposed during 42 days and depurated during 42 days. At market age, SG broilers had ingested 42% more feed than FG broilers, while their body weight gain per g of feed ingested was 34% lower. No isomerization of α- to β- or γ-HBCDD forms occurred, while OH-HBCDD was identified as a product of α-HBCDD metabolism. Irrespective of the strain, abdominal fat displayed the highest α-HBCDD concentration on a lipid weight basis, followed leg muscles and then breast muscle, liver and plasma. The accumulation ratios of α-HBCDD were slightly higher in SG (6.7, 2.1, 2.6 and 9.9 in leg muscles, breast muscle, liver and abdominal fat, respectively) than in FG broilers (5.2, 2.2, 1.1 and 8.4, respectively). The elimination half-lives in SG broilers were 20, 12 and 19 d in leg muscles, breast muscle and abdominal fat, respectively, to which dilution through growth contributed for around 50%. The overall assimilation efficiency of α-HBCDD was estimated at 58 and 50% in FG and SG broilers, respectively, while 22 and 17% of α-HBCDD ingested were estimated to be eliminated in excreta as metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | - Elena Dominguez-Romero
- AFPA, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; URA, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France; ITAVI, Centre INRA de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elsa Omer
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
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13
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Zheng X, Qiao L, Sun R, Luo X, Zheng J, Xie Q, Sun Y, Mai B. Alteration of Diastereoisomeric and Enantiomeric Profiles of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in Adult Chicken Tissues, Eggs, and Hatchling Chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5492-5499. [PMID: 28440626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were measured in chicken diet sources (soil and chicken feed), home-raised adult chicken (Gallus domesticus) tissues, eggs during incubation, and hatchling chicken tissues. HBCD concentrations were not detected-0.69 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 25.6-48.4 ng/g dw in chicken feed and soil, respectively. HBCDs were detected in all adult chicken tissues, except the brain, at median levels of 13.1-44.0 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The proportions of α-HBCD in total HBCDs increased from 51% in soil to more than 87% in adult chicken tissues. The accumulation ratios (ARs) of α-HBCD from diet to adult chicken tissues were 4.27 for liver, 11.2 for fat, and 7.64-12.9 for other tissues, respectively. The AR and carry-over rate (COR) of α-HBCD from diet to eggs were 22.4 and 0.226, respectively. The concentrations of α-HBCD in hatchling chicken liver (median: 35.4 ng/g lw) were significantly lower than those in hatchling chicken pectoral muscle (median: 130 ng/g lw). The EFs of α-HBCD decreased from soil to adult chicken tissues and from eggs to hatchling chicken liver. Meanwhile, the EFs of γ-HBCD increased from soil to adult chicken tissues. These results indicate the preferential enrichment of (-)-α-HBCD and (+)-γ-HBCD in chickens. The alteration of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric patterns of HBCDs might be influenced by the different absorption and elimination rates of the six HBCD enantiomers as well as variations in HBCD metabolism in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection , Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection , Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilai Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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14
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Champoux L, Rail JF, Lavoie RA. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and flame retardants in northern gannet (Morus bassanus) eggs from Bonaventure Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1994-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:600-608. [PMID: 28069368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) eggs from Bonaventure Island, Québec, Canada, were collected to monitor concentrations of contaminants. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in eggs from 2004 and 2009, and several brominated and nonbrominated flame retardants (FRs) were measured every 2-5 years in eggs from 1994 to 2014. The sum (Σ) concentrations of PCDDs/Fs were significantly lower in 2009 relative to 2004, but the total toxic equivalent concentrations for PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs showed no significant differences (196 ng/kg wet weight (ww) in 2004 and 220 ng/kg ww in 2009). The mean ΣFR concentrations decreased significantly between 1994 and 2014, from 58 ng/g ww to 19 ng/g ww. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) was the principal nonbrominated FR detected in gannet eggs and ranged from <1.0 ng/g ww to 6.9 ng/g ww. The PCDD/F and nonortho PCB profiles were dominated by 2,3,7,8- tetrachloro-dibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF; from 26.2 ng/g ww to 34.8 ng/kg ww) and PCB-77 (from 1580 ng/g ww to 2650 ng/kg ww), respectively. Although the values of both ecological tracer stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) showed differences among the years, no temporal trends were observed, which indicates relatively stable adults' diet and foraging area over this time period. The trends over time in concentrations of the studied contaminants likely reflect a decrease in environmental contamination. The mean 2012 eggshell thickness was 10% lower than the pre-DDT value and corresponded to a year of poor reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Champoux
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Quebec, Quebec, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Rail
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Quebec, Quebec, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Raphael A Lavoie
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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15
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Champoux L, Boily M, Fitzgerald G. Thyroid Hormones, Retinol and Clinical Parameters in Relation to Mercury and Organohalogen Contaminants in Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Nestlings from the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:200-214. [PMID: 28102440 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The exposure and effects of persistent environmental contaminants were investigated in great blue heron (Ardea herodias) nestlings sampled in 2001, 2002, 2006, and 2007 in freshwater and estuarine heronries along the St. Lawrence River, Québec (Canada). Biomarkers (retinoids, thyroid hormones, and clinical parameters) and contaminants (organochlorine contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and mercury (Hg)) were analyzed in blood, and Hg was analyzed in feathers (generally 9 nestlings per colony and 4 colonies per year). Feather Hg and most contaminants detected in blood were found in higher concentrations in birds from freshwater than estuarine colonies more distant from the pollution sources. Among freshwater colonies, Ile aux Hérons showed the highest levels of contaminants, with mean Hg concentrations of 8.4 and 0.55 mg/kg in feathers and plasma, respectively, and plasma ΣBFRs of 19.6 ng/g ww. The highest mean ΣPCBs, 56.5 ng/g ww, was measured at Grande Ile in 2001. The levels of contaminants in heron nestlings were generally below critical thresholds for adverse effects observed on reproduction or survival. Retinol, dehydroretinol (DROH), and thyroid hormone concentrations differed significantly among colonies. Retinol concentrations were negatively related to ΣPCBs, whereas DROH concentrations were negatively related to Hg and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were negatively related to ΣBFRs. These results indicate that contaminants from the St. Lawrence River could impair the development and fitness of great blue heron nestlings and emphasize the need for more research on the great blue heron population to assess their health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Champoux
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 801-1550 av d'Estimauville, Québec, QC, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Guy Fitzgerald
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
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16
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Marteinson SC, Eulaers I, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Eens M, Letcher RJ, Fernie KJ. Transfer of hexabromocyclododecane flame retardant isomers from captive American kestrel eggs to feathers and their association with thyroid hormones and growth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:441-451. [PMID: 27707600 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Feathers are useful for monitoring contaminants in wild birds and are increasingly used to determine persistent organic pollutants. However, few studies have been conducted on birds with known exposure levels. We aimed to determine how well nestling feather concentrations reflect in ovo exposure to hexabromocyclododecane (α-, β- and γ-HBCDD), and to determine if feather concentrations are related to physiological biomarkers. Captive kestrels (n = 11) were exposed in ovo to maternally transferred HBCDD-isomers at concentrations of 127, 12 and 2 ng/g wet weight of α-, β- and γ-HBCDD (measured in sibling eggs), respectively, and compared to controls (n = 6). Nestling growth was monitored at 5 d intervals and circulating thyroid hormone concentrations assessed at d 20. Tail feathers were collected prior to the first molt and analyzed for HBCDD isomers. The mean ΣHBCDD concentration in feathers was 2405 pg/g dry weight (in exposed birds) and α-, β- and γ-HBCDD made up 32%, 13%, and 55%, respectively of the ΣHBCDD concentrations. This isomer distribution deviated from the typical dominance of α-HBCDD reported in vertebrate samples. Exposed chicks had significantly higher feather concentrations of β- and γ-HBCDD compared with controls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001 respectively), while α-HBCDD concentrations did not differ between the two groups. Feather concentrations of α-HBCDD were best explained by egg concentrations of β- or γ-HBCDD concentrations (wi = 0.50, 0.30 respectively), while feather concentrations of β- and γ-HBCDD were influenced by growth parameters (rectrix length: wi = 0.61; tibiotarsus length: wi = 0.28). These results suggest that feather α-HBCDD concentrations may reflect internal body burdens, whereas β- and γ-HBCDD may be subject to selective uptake. The α-HBCDD concentrations in the feathers were negatively associated with the ratio of plasma free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (T3:T4; p = 0.020), demonstrating for the first time that feather concentrations may be used to model the effect of body burdens on physiological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Marteinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Robert J Letcher
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Dominguez-Romero E, Cariou R, Omer E, Marchand P, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B, Travel A, Jondreville C. Tissue Distribution and Transfer to Eggs of Ingested α-Hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in Laying Hens (Gallus domesticus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2112-2119. [PMID: 26889954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to describe the fate of ingested α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in laying hens. Individuals were exposed to two dietary concentrations of α-HBCDD (50 and 5 ng g(-1) feed) for 18 or 11 weeks followed by a 7-week decontamination period. The results show that no isomerization of α- to β- or γ-HBCDD forms occurred, whereas OH-HBCDD was identified as a product of α-HBCDD metabolism. Irrespective of the level of feed contamination, estimates of steady-state accumulation ratios were 5.2, 3.6, and 9.2 and half-lives were estimated at 17.4, 22.8, and 35.3 days in egg yolk, liver tissue, and abdominal fat, respectively. The steady-state carry-over rate to eggs was 22.9%. Thus, α-HBCDD ingested by laying hens is readily transferred to eggs and significantly accumulates in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dominguez-Romero
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, URAFPA, USC 340 , 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles , 37380 Nouzilly, France
- ITAVI, Centre INRA de Tours , 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, LABERCA, INRA, USC 1329 , 44307 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Elsa Omer
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, LABERCA, INRA, USC 1329 , 44307 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Marchand
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, LABERCA, INRA, USC 1329 , 44307 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, LABERCA, INRA, USC 1329 , 44307 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, LABERCA, INRA, USC 1329 , 44307 Nantes Cedex, France
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18
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Letcher RJ, Lu Z, de Solla SR, Sandau CD, Fernie KJ. Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from Canadian Areas of Concern across the southern Laurentian Great Lakes: Chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in relation to circulating concentrations of thyroxine and vitamin A. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:266-278. [PMID: 26519832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as other halogenated phenolic contaminants (HPCs) have been shown to have endocrine-disrupting properties, and have been reported with increasing frequency in the blood of wildlife, and mainly in mammals and birds. However, little is known about the persistence, accumulation and distribution of these contaminants in long-lived freshwater reptiles. In the present study, in addition to a large suite of chlorinated and brominated contaminants, metabolites and HPCs, we assessed and compared hydroxylated (OH) PCBs and OH-PBDEs relative to PCBs and PBDEs, respectively, in the plasma of adult male common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Blood samples were collected from 62 snapping turtles (2001-2004) at 12 wetland sites between the Detroit River and the St. Lawrence River on the Canadian side of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Turtles were sampled from sites designated as Areas of Concern (AOCs) and from a relatively clean reference site in southern Georgian Bay (Tiny Marsh), Lake Huron. Plasma concentrations of Σ46PCB (10-340 ng/g wet weight (ww)) and Σ28OH-PCB (3-83 ng/g ww) were significantly greater (p<0.05) in turtles from the Turkey Creek and Muddy Creek-Wheatley Harbour sites in Lake Erie compared with the reference site turtles. The HPC, pentachlorophenol (PCP), had a mean concentration of 9.6±1.1 ng/g ww. Of the 28 OH-CB congeners screened for, 4-OH-CB187 (42±7 ng/g ww) was the most concentrated of all HPCs measured. Of the 14 OH-BDE congeners examined, four (4'-OH-BDE17, 3-OH-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47 and 4'-OH-BDE49) were consistently found in all plasma samples. p,p'-DDE was the most concentrated of the 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) examined. The mean concentrations of circulating total thyroxine (TT4), dehydroretinol and retinol in the plasma of the male snapping turtles regardless of sampling site were 5.4±0.3, 81±4.7 and 291±13 ng/mL, respectively. Significant (p<0.05) negative (e.g. cis-chlordane) or positive (e.g. BDE-99) correlations between some of the target contaminants and TT4, dehydroretinol or retinol were observed. To our knowledge, we report for the first time on HPC (e.g. OH-PCBs) and methylsulfonyl- (MeSO2-) PCB metabolite contaminants in the plasma of any freshwater turtle or freshwater reptilian species. Our findings also show that the accumulation of OH-PCBs, MeSO2-PCBs, OH-PBDEs and some OCPs in the snapping turtles from Lake Erie and Lake Ontario (in 2001-2004) had the potential for eliciting endocrine disruption. Exposure to these contaminants and associated adverse effects on the endocrine system in freshwater reptiles and the related mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3.
| | - Zhe Lu
- Richardson College for the Environment, Environmental Studies Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
| | | | - Kimberly J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
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19
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Braune BM, Letcher RJ, Gaston AJ, Mallory ML. Trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in eggs of Canadian Arctic seabirds reflect changing use patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:651-61. [PMID: 26342589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the substantial use and release of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in North America, PBDE concentrations in North American marine biota are among the highest in the world. In this study, we compared PBDE concentrations and congener patterns in eggs of five seabird species (thick-billed murres, northern fulmars, black guillemots, glaucous gulls, black-legged kittiwakes) breeding at a colony in the Canadian Arctic in 1993, 2008 and 2013. Temporal trends of PBDEs (1975-2014) and another flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) (2003-2014), were also examined in eggs of two seabird species, the thick-billed murre and northern fulmar. BDE-47 generally dominated the BDE congener profiles in eggs of all five species. Glaucous gulls had the highest concentrations of both ΣPBDE and BDE-47, and northern fulmars, the lowest. ΣPBDE concentrations increased exponentially in eggs of both thick-billed murres and northern fulmars from 1975 to 2003 with doubling times of 9.1 years in the murres and 7.2 years in the fulmars. From 2003 to 2008/09, ΣPBDE decreased rapidly in the murres and fulmars to concentrations not significantly different from those recorded in 1975 and 1987 for each species. After 2008/09, ΣPBDE concentrations plateaued. BDE-47 followed a similar temporal trend to that of ΣPBDE concentrations. These concentration trends were consistent with the phase-out of the penta- and octa-BDE products from the North American market in the mid-2000s. There was an overall decline in concentrations of HBCD in murre eggs from 2003 to 2014, whereas concentrations in the fulmar eggs increased from 2003 to 2006 followed by a decline to 2014. The ratio of HBCD to BDE-47 suggests that northern fulmars showed more of a European contaminant signature, and thick-billed murres, more of a North American signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Braune
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3.
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3
| | - Anthony J Gaston
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6
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Letcher RJ, Lu Z, Chu S, Haffner GD, Drouillard K, Marvin CH, Ciborowski JJH. Hexabromocyclododecane Flame Retardant Isomers in Sediments from Detroit River and Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:31-36. [PMID: 25673522 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sediments collected in 2004 from along the Detroit River (n = 19) and across all of Lake Erie (n = 18) were analyzed for isomers of the flame retardant chemical, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sediment samples had ΣHBCD concentrations ranging from not detected to 1.6 ng/g d.w. γ-HBCD (56 %-100 % of ΣHBCDs) was the predominate isomer, observed in 7 of 19 samples from the Detroit River and 6 of 18 samples from Lake Erie (all within the western basin). α-HBCD was found in 4 Detroit River and 2 Lake Erie western basin sites, while β-HBCD was only in two Detroit River samples. High ΣHBCD concentrations (>100 ng/g d.w.) were found in two sludge samples from two Windsor, ON, wastewater treatment plants that feed into the Detroit River upstream. HBCD contamination into the Detroit River is a major input vector into Lake Erie and with an apparent sediment dilution effect moving towards the eastern basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada,
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