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Lee JW, Mizuno K, Watanabe H, Lee IH, Tsumita T, Hida K, Yawaka Y, Kitagawa Y, Hasebe A, Iimura T, Kong SW. Enhanced phagocytosis associated with multinucleated microglia via Pyk2 inhibition in an acute β-amyloid infusion model. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:196. [PMID: 39107821 PMCID: PMC11301859 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated microglia have been observed in contexts associated with infection, inflammation, and aging. Though commonly linked to pathological conditions, the larger cell size of multinucleated microglia might enhance their phagocytic functions, potentially aiding in the clearance of brain debris and suggesting a reassessment of their pathological significance. To assess the phagocytic capacity of multinucleated microglia and its implications for brain debris clearance, we induced their formation by inhibiting Pyk2 activity using the pharmacological inhibitor PF-431396, which triggers cytokinesis regression. Multinucleated microglia demonstrate enhanced phagocytic function, as evidenced by their increased capacity to engulf β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers. Concurrently, the phosphorylation of Pyk2, induced by Aβ peptide, was diminished upon treatment with a Pyk2 inhibitor (Pyk2-Inh, PF-431396). Furthermore, the increased expression of Lamp1, a lysosomal marker, with Pyk2-inh treatment, suggests an enhancement in proteolytic activity. In vivo, we generated an acute Alzheimer's disease (AD) model by infusing Aβ into the brains of Iba-1 EGFP transgenic (Tg) mice. The administration of the Pyk2-Inh led to an increased migration of microglia toward amyloid deposits in the brains of Iba-1 EGFP Tg mice, accompanied by morphological activation, suggesting a heightened affinity for Aβ. In human microglia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses showed that inhibition of Pyk2 signaling significantly reduced the transcription and protein expression of pro-inflammatory markers. These results suggest that Pyk2 inhibition can modulate microglial functions, potentially reducing neuroinflammation and aiding in the clearance of neurodegenerative disease markers. This highlights Pyk2 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Kaito Mizuno
- Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - In-Hee Lee
- Computational Health and Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Takuya Tsumita
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yawaka
- Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Akira Hasebe
- Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health and Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Chen L, Yue Z, Liu Z, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Hu T, Fu J. The impact of Nrf2 knockout on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in a mice model of cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115006. [PMID: 38692357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway represents a crucial intrinsic protective system against oxidative stress and inflammation and plays a significant role in various neurological disorders. However, the effect of Nrf2 signalling on the regulation of cognitive impairment remains unknown. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has neuroprotective effects and can ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Our objective was to observe whether Nrf2 knockout influences the efficacy of DEX in improving cognitive impairment and to attempt to understand its underlying mechanisms. An LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction model in wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice (Institute of Cancer Research background; male; 8-12 weeks) was used to observe the impact of DEX on cognitive dysfunction. LPS was intraperitoneally injected, followed by novel object recognition and morris water maze experiments 24 h later. Hippocampal tissues were collected for histopathological and molecular analyses. Our research findings suggest that DEX enhances the expression of NQO1, HO-1, PSD95, and SYP proteins in hippocampal tissue, inhibits microglial proliferation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-ɑ, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and improves dendritic spine density, thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction induced by LPS. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene negated the aforementioned effects of DEX. In conclusion, DEX alleviates cognitive deficits induced by LPS through mechanisms of anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation, as well as by increasing synaptic protein expression and dendritic spine density. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene reversed the effects of DEX. The Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the mitigation of LPS-induced cognitive impairment by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huaqin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Bar E, Fischer I, Rokach M, Elad-Sfadia G, Shirenova S, Ophir O, Trangle SS, Okun E, Barak B. Neuronal deletion of Gtf2i results in developmental microglial alterations in a mouse model related to Williams syndrome. Glia 2024; 72:1117-1135. [PMID: 38450767 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a heterozygous microdeletion, characterized by hypersociability and unique neurocognitive abnormalities. Of the deleted genes, GTF2I has been linked to hypersociability in WS. We have recently shown that Gtf2i deletion from forebrain excitatory neurons, referred to as Gtf2i conditional knockout (cKO) mice leads to multi-faceted myelination deficits associated with the social behaviors affected in WS. These deficits were potentially mediated also by microglia, as they present a close relationship with oligodendrocytes. To study the impact of altered myelination, we characterized these mice in terms of microglia over the course of development. In postnatal day 30 (P30) Gtf2i cKO mice, cortical microglia displayed a more ramified state, as compared with wild type (controls). However, postnatal day 4 (P4) microglia exhibited high proliferation rates and an elevated activation state, demonstrating altered properties related to activation and inflammation in Gtf2i cKO mice compared with control. Intriguingly, P4 Gtf2i cKO-derived microglial cells exhibited significantly elevated myelin phagocytosis in vitro compared to control mice. Lastly, systemic injection of clemastine to P4 Gtf2i cKO and control mice until P30, led to a significant interaction between genotypes and treatments on the expression levels of the phagocytic marker CD68, and a significant reduction of the macrophage/microglial marker Iba1 transcript levels in the cortex of the Gtf2i cKO treated mice. Our data thus implicate microglia as important players in WS, and that early postnatal manipulation of microglia might be beneficial in treating inflammatory and myelin-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - May Rokach
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophie Shirenova
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Omer Ophir
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Lee CY, Riffle D, Xiong Y, Momtaz N, Lei Y, Pariser JM, Sikdar D, Hwang A, Duan Z, Zhang J. Characterizing dysregulations via cell-cell communications in Alzheimer's brains using single-cell transcriptomes. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:24. [PMID: 38741048 PMCID: PMC11089696 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 44 million people worldwide, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and significant impairment in daily functioning. The recent single-cell sequencing technology has revolutionized genetic and genomic resolution by enabling scientists to explore the diversity of gene expression patterns at the finest resolution. Most existing studies have solely focused on molecular perturbations within each cell, but cells live in microenvironments rather than in isolated entities. Here, we leveraged the large-scale and publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing in the human prefrontal cortex to investigate cell-to-cell communication in healthy brains and their perturbations in AD. We uniformly processed the snRNA-seq with strict QCs and labeled canonical cell types consistent with the definitions from the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network. From ligand and receptor gene expression, we built a high-confidence cell-to-cell communication network to investigate signaling differences between AD and healthy brains. RESULTS Specifically, we first performed broad communication pattern analyses to highlight that biologically related cell types in normal brains rely on largely overlapping signaling networks and that the AD brain exhibits the irregular inter-mixing of cell types and signaling pathways. Secondly, we performed a more focused cell-type-centric analysis and found that excitatory neurons in AD have significantly increased their communications to inhibitory neurons, while inhibitory neurons and other non-neuronal cells globally decreased theirs to all cells. Then, we delved deeper with a signaling-centric view, showing that canonical signaling pathways CSF, TGFβ, and CX3C are significantly dysregulated in their signaling to the cell type microglia/PVM and from endothelial to neuronal cells for the WNT pathway. Finally, after extracting 23 known AD risk genes, our intracellular communication analysis revealed a strong connection of extracellular ligand genes APP, APOE, and PSEN1 to intracellular AD risk genes TREM2, ABCA1, and APP in the communication from astrocytes and microglia to neurons. CONCLUSIONS In summary, with the novel advances in single-cell sequencing technologies, we show that cellular signaling is regulated in a cell-type-specific manner and that improper regulation of extracellular signaling genes is linked to intracellular risk genes, giving the mechanistic intra- and inter-cellular picture of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Yu Lee
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Riffle
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yifeng Xiong
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Momtaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yutong Lei
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Pariser
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Diptanshu Sikdar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ahyeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ziheng Duan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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5
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Pintori N, Mostallino R, Spano E, Orrù V, Piras MG, Castelli MP, De Luca MA. Immune and glial cell alterations in the rat brain after repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578325. [PMID: 38432046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) poses major psychiatric risks. We previously showed that repeated exposure to the prototypical SCRA JWH-018 induces alterations in dopamine (DA) transmission, abnormalities in the emotional state, and glial cell activation in the mesocorticolimbic DA circuits of rats. Despite growing evidence suggesting the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and neuroinflammation, little is known about the impact of SCRAs on the neuroimmune system. Here, we investigated whether repeated JWH-018 exposure altered neuroimmune signaling, which could be linked with previously reported central effects. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to JWH-018 (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) for fourteen consecutive days, and the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was measured seven days after treatment discontinuation in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. Moreover, microglial (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, IBA-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) activation markers were evaluated in the caudate-putamen (CPu). Repeated JWH-018 exposure induces a perturbation of neuroimmune signaling specifically in the striatum, as shown by increased levels of cytokines [interleukins (IL) -2, -4, -12p70, -13, interferon (IFN) γ], chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) -1α, -3α], and growth factors [macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], together with increased IBA-1 and GFAP expression in the CPu. JWH-018 exposure induces persistant brain region-specific immune alterations up to seven days after drug discontinuation, which may contribute to the behavioral and neurochemical dysregulations in striatal areas that play a role in the reward-related processes that are frequently impaired in SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Spano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Piras
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Somelar-Duracz K, Jürgenson M, Viil J, Zharkovsky A, Jaako K. 'Unpredictable chronic mild stress does not exacerbate memory impairment or altered neuronal and glial plasticity in the hippocampus of middle-aged vitamin D deficient mice'. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1696-1722. [PMID: 38269959 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health concern, especially in the elderly population. Much remains unknown about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD), stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and depressive-like behaviour. In this study, 4-month-old male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control or vitamin D free diet for 6 months, followed by unpredictable chronic stress (UCMS) for 8 weeks. VDD induced cognitive impairment and reduced grooming behaviour, but did not induce depressive-like behaviour. While UCMS in vitamin D sufficient mice induced expected depressive-like phenotype and impairments in the contextual fear memory, chronic stress did not manifest as an additional risk factor for memory impairments and depressive-like behaviour in VDD mice. In fact, UCMS restored self-care behaviour in VDD mice. At the histopathological level, VDD mice exhibited cell loss in the granule cell layer, reduced survival of newly generated cells, accompanied with an increased number of apoptotic cells and alterations in glial morphology in the hippocampus; however, these effects were not exacerbated by UCMS. Interestingly, UCMS reversed VDD induced loss of microglial cells. Moreover, tyrosine hydroxylase levels decreased in the striatum of VDD mice, but not in stressed VDD mice. These findings indicate that long-term VDD in adulthood impairs cognition but does not augment behavioural response to UCMS in middle-aged mice. While VDD caused cell loss and altered glial response in the DG of the hippocampus, these effects were not exacerbated by UCMS and could contribute to mechanisms regulating altered stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Somelar-Duracz
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monika Jürgenson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Jaako
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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De Luca SN, Kivivali L, Chong K, Kirby A, Lawther AJ, Nguyen JCD, Hale MW, Kent S. Calorie restriction partially attenuates sickness behavior induced by viral mimetic poly I:C. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114715. [PMID: 37838243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to extend the mean and maximum lifespan in both preclinical and clinical settings. We have previously demonstrated that CR attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and sickness behavior. CR also leads to reductions in pro-inflammatory and increases in anti-inflammatory profiles. LPS is a bacterial mimetic; however, few studies have explored this phenomenon utilizing a viral mimetic, such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Dose-dependently, poly I:C induced an increase in core body temperature (Tb), with the largest dose (5000 µg/kg) resulting in a 1.62 °C ( ± 0.23 °C) Tb increase at 7 h post-injection in ad libitum mice and was associated with reduced home-cage locomotor activity. We then investigated the effect of 50% CR for 28 days to attenuate fever and sickness behavior induced by a poly I:C (5000 µg/kg) viral immune challenge. CR resulted in the partial attenuation of fever and sickness behavior measures post-poly I:C. The freely fed, control mice demonstrated a 2.02 °C ( ± 0.22 °C) increase in Tb at 7 h post-injection compared to the CR poly I:C group which demonstrated an increase in Tb of 0.94 °C ( ± 0.27 °C). Locomotor patterns post-injection were different, CR mice displayed a reduction in activity during the light phase, and the control group displayed a reduction during the dark phase. CR moderately attenuated the neuroinflammatory response with a reduction in microglial density in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The fever and sickness behavior attenuation seen after CR may be driven by similar anti-inflammatory processes as after LPS; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N De Luca
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah Kivivali
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chong
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice Kirby
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Lawther
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C D Nguyen
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Kent
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Kupnicka P, Listos J, Tarnowski M, Kolasa A, Kapczuk P, Surówka A, Kwiatkowski J, Janawa K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Prenatal and Neonatal Fluoride Exposure to Morphine-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:826. [PMID: 38255899 PMCID: PMC10815549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical dependence is associated with the formation of neuroadaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), both at the molecular and cellular levels. Various studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory and proinflammatory properties of morphine. The resulting neuroinflammation in drug dependence exacerbates substance abuse-related behaviors and increases morphine tolerance. Studies prove that fluoride exposure may also contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative changes. Morphine addiction is a major social problem. Neuroinflammation increases tolerance to morphine, and neurodegenerative effects caused by fluoride in structures related to the development of dependence may impair the functioning of neuronal pathways, change the concentration of neurotransmitters, and cause memory and learning disorders, which implies this element influences the development of dependence. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory state of selected brain structures in morphine-dependent rats pre-exposed to fluoride, including changes in cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as microglial and astroglial activity via the evaluation of Iba1 and GFAP expression. We provide evidence that both morphine administration and fluoride exposure have an impact on the inflammatory response by altering the expression of COX-1, COX-2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in brain structures involved in dependence development, such as the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We observed that the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in morphine-dependent rats is influenced by prior fluoride exposure, and these changes vary depending on the specific brain region. Additionally, we observed active astrogliosis, as indicated by increased GFAP expression, in all brain structures of morphine-dependent rats, regardless of fluoride exposure. Furthermore, the effect of morphine on Iba1 expression varied across different brain regions, and fluoride pre-exposure may influence microglial activation. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are a result of the direct or indirect actions of morphine and fluoride on the factors analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Surówka
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Kwiatkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamil Janawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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9
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Ferreira-Fernandes E, Laranjo M, Reis T, Canijo B, Ferreira PA, Martins P, Vilarinho J, Tavakoli M, Kunicki C, Peça J. In vivo recordings in freely behaving mice using independent silicon probes targeting multiple brain regions. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1293620. [PMID: 38186631 PMCID: PMC10771849 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1293620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In vivo recordings in freely behaving animals are crucial to understand the neuronal circuit basis of behavior. Although current multi-channel silicon probes provide unparalleled sampling density, the study of interacting neuronal populations requires the implantation of multiple probes across different regions of the brain. Ideally, these probes should be independently adjustable, to maximize the yield, and recoverable, to mitigate costs. In this work, we describe the implementation of a miniaturized 3D-printed headgear system for chronic in vivo recordings in mice using independently movable silicon probes targeting multiple brain regions. We successfully demonstrated the performance of the headgear by simultaneously recording the neuronal activity in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus. The system proved to be sturdy, ensuring high-quality stable recordings and permitted reuse of the silicon probes, with no observable interference in mouse innate behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Ferreira-Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Laranjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Reis
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Canijo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- Department of Architecture, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Vilarinho
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mahmoud Tavakoli
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Kunicki
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Peça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23283. [PMID: 37983957 PMCID: PMC10662669 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300769rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells but exhibited a beneficial effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although mechanical allodynia was unaffected, significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to wild type (WT) mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) levels, suggesting improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (IBA1), along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be beneficial in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Chen J, Wang T, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Zhang S, Zhou Z, Jiang A, Liu D. Microglia trigger the structural plasticity of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of a lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation model. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114565. [PMID: 37806513 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response involves numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. While the role of microglia in excitatory synaptic transmission has been widely investigated, the impact of innate immunity on the structural plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory synapses is not well understood. To investigate this, we established an inflammation model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and observed a prolonged microglial response in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice, which was associated with cognitive deficits in the open field test, Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test. Furthermore, we found an increased abundance of GABAergic interneurons and GABAergic synapse formation in the hippocampal CA1 region. The cognitive impairment caused by LPS injection could be reversed by blocking GABA receptor activity with (-)-Bicuculline methiodide. These findings suggest that the upregulation of GABAergic synapses induced by LPS-mediated microglial activation leads to cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, the depletion of microglia by PLX3397 resulted in a decrease in GABAergic interneurons and GABAergic inhibitory synapses, which blocked the cognitive decline induced by LPS. In conclusion, our findings indicate that excessive reinforcement of GABAergic inhibitory synapse formation via microglial activation contributes to LPS-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yiming Hong
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhou
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ao Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Yoshimoto N, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Morioka N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type I interferon signaling induce anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2023; 367:114470. [PMID: 37327964 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that major depression is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain; however, the cellular basis for chronic pain-mediated major depression remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces neuroinflammation and has been implicated in various neurological diseases, including depression. Nevertheless, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in the neuropathic pain state remains unclear. The current study examined whether hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream neuroinflammation are involved in anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain, which was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). At 8 weeks after surgery, there was decreased levels of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, such as cytochrome c and mitochondrial transcription factor A, and increased level of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA in the contralateral hippocampus, suggesting the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Type I interferon (IFN) mRNA expression in the hippocampus was also increased at 8 weeks after PSNL surgery. The restoration of mitochondrial function by curcumin blocked the increased cytosolic mitochondrial DNA and type I IFN expression in PSNL mice and improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Blockade of type I IFN signaling by anti-IFN alpha/beta receptor 1 antibody also improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors in PSNL mice. Together, these findings suggest that neuropathic pain induces hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction followed by neuroinflammation, which may contribute to anxiodepressive-behaviors in the neuropathic pain state. Improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting type I IFN signaling in the hippocampus might be a novel approach to reducing comorbidities associated with neuropathic pain, such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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13
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Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Cochran AG, Smith JA, Al-Juboori M, Brumett A, Saxena S, Talley S, Campbell EM, Obukhov AG, White FA. Repeated closed-head mild traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation is associated with nociceptive sensitization. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:196. [PMID: 37635235 PMCID: PMC10464478 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who have experienced mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) suffer from several comorbidities, including chronic pain. Despite extensive studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of mTBI-associated chronic pain, the role of inflammation in long-term pain after mTBIs is not fully elucidated. Given the shifting dynamics of inflammation, it is important to understand the spatial-longitudinal changes in inflammatory processes following mTBIs and their effects on TBI-related pain. METHODS We utilized a recently developed transgenic caspase-1 luciferase reporter mouse model to monitor caspase-1 activation through a thinned skull window in the in vivo setting following three closed-head mTBI events. Organotypic coronal brain slice cultures and acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells provided tissue-relevant context of inflammation signal. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by mechanical withdrawal threshold to von Frey and thermal hyperalgesia withdrawal latency to radiant heat. Mouse grimace scale (MGS) was used to detect spontaneous or non-evoked pain. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with MCC950, a potent small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly to inhibit injury-induced inflammatory signaling. Bioluminescence spatiotemporal dynamics were quantified in the head and hind paws, and caspase-1 activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to monitor the progression of astrogliosis and microglial activation in ex vivo brain tissue following repetitive closed-head mTBIs. RESULTS Mice with repetitive closed-head mTBIs exhibited significant increases of the bioluminescence signals within the brain and paws in vivo for at least one week after each injury. Consistently, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that mTBIs led to caspase-1 activation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Persistent changes in MGS and hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of pain states, were observed post-injury in the same mTBI animals in vivo. We also observed enhanced inflammatory responses in ex vivo brain slice preparations and DRG for at least 3 days following mTBIs. In vivo treatment with MCC950 significantly reduced caspase-1 activation-associated bioluminescent signals in vivo and decreased stimulus-evoked and non-stimulus evoked nociception. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the inflammatory states in the brain and peripheral nervous system following repeated mTBIs are coincidental with the development of nociceptive sensitization, and that these events can be significantly reduced by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashlyn G Cochran
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jared A Smith
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Juboori
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Brumett
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Saahil Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Prichard A, Garza KM, Shridhar A, He C, Bitarafan S, Pybus A, Wang Y, Snyder E, Goodson MC, Franklin TC, Jaeger D, Wood LB, Singer AC. Brain rhythms control microglial response and cytokine expression via NF-κB signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5672. [PMID: 37556553 PMCID: PMC10411883 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia transform in response to changes in sensory or neural activity, such as sensory deprivation. However, little is known about how specific frequencies of neural activity, or brain rhythms, affect microglia and cytokine signaling. Using visual noninvasive flickering sensory stimulation (flicker) to induce electrical neural activity at 40 hertz, within the gamma band, and 20 hertz, within the beta band, we found that these brain rhythms differentially affect microglial morphology and cytokine expression in healthy animals. Flicker induced expression of certain cytokines independently of microglia, including interleukin-10 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We hypothesized that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a causal role in frequency-specific cytokine and microglial responses because this pathway is activated by synaptic activity and regulates cytokines. After flicker, phospho-NF-κB colabeled with neurons more than microglia. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling down-regulated flicker-induced cytokine expression and attenuated flicker-induced changes in microglial morphology. These results reveal a mechanism through which brain rhythms affect brain function by altering microglial morphology and cytokines via NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Prichard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kristie M. Garza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Avni Shridhar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Christopher He
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alyssa Pybus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yunmiao Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emma Snyder
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Matthew C. Goodson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tina C. Franklin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Dieter Jaeger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Levi B. Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Annabelle C. Singer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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15
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Wei J, Yin J, Cui Y, Wang K, Hong M, Cui J. FERM domain containing kindlin 1 knockdown attenuates inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage in rats via NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Exp Anim 2023; 72:324-335. [PMID: 36740252 PMCID: PMC10435358 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an incurable neurological disease. Microglia activation and its related inflammation contribute to ICH-associated brain damage. FERM domain containing kindlin 1 (FERMT1) is an integrin-binding protein that participates in microglia-associated inflammation, but its role in ICH is unclear. An ICH model was constructed by injecting 50 µl of autologous blood into the bregma of rats. FERMT1 siRNA was injected into the right ventricle of the rat for knockdown of FERMT1. A significant striatal hematoma was observed in ICH rats. FERMT1 knockdown reduced the water content of brain tissue, alleviated brain hematoma and improved behavioral function in ICH rats. FERMT1 knockdown reduced microglia activity, inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18 in the peri-hematoma tissues. BV2 microglial cells were transfected with FERMT1 siRNA and incubated with 60 µM Hemin for 24 h. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by hemin were reduced in microglia when FERMT1 was knocked down, leading to decreased production of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, knockdown of FERMT1 prevented the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggested that down-regulation of FERMT1 attenuated microglial inflammation and brain damage induced by ICH via NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. FERMT1 is a key regulator of inflammatory damage in rats after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wei
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Cui
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
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16
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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537391. [PMID: 37131811 PMCID: PMC10153167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the ER stress sensor IRE1α contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells, but exhibited a strong protective effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to WT mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced CNPase levels, suggestiing improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the activation of microglial activation marker IBA1, along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be protective in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of the ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Wu GH, Lee KM, Kao CY, Shih SR. The internal ribosome entry site determines the neurotropic potential of enterovirus A71. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105107. [PMID: 36708870 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying tissue-specific replication of enteroviruses are currently unclear. Although enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are both common pathogens that cause hand-foot-mouth disease, they display quite different neurotropic properties. Herein, we characterized the role of the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in determining neurovirulence using an oral inoculation model of EV-A71. The receptor transgenic (hSCARB2-Tg) mice developed neurological symptoms after being infected with a mouse-adapted EV-A71 strain (MP4) via different administrative routes. Intragastric administration of the MP4 strain caused pathological changes such as neuronal loss and neuropil vacuolation, whereas replacing EV-A71 IRES with CV-A16 abolished the neuropathological phenotypes. The attenuated neurotropic potential of IRES-swapped EV-A71 was observed even in mice that received intraperitoneal and intracerebral inoculations. Fewer chimeric MP4 viral RNAs and proteins were detected in the mouse tissues, regardless of the inoculation route. Tissue-specific replication can be reflected in cell-based characterization. While chimeric MP4 virus replicated poorly in human intestinal C2BBe1 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, its replication in susceptible rhabdomyosarcoma cells was not affected. Overall, our results demonstrated that the IRES determined the neurotropic potential of EV-A71 and CV-A16, emphasizing the importance of the IRES in tissue tropism, along with the host receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hong Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ming Lee
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan; Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kao
- Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan.
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18
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Chronic Treatment with the Probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 Attenuates Motor Impairment, Striatal Microglial Activation, and Dopaminergic Loss in Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Hemiparkinsonism. Neuroscience 2022; 507:79-98. [PMID: 36370934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is considered a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic treatment with probiotics could prevent it. Here we report the assessment of a probiotic mixture [Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12 (BB-12)] administered to male rats 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right striatum, a model that mimics the early stages of PD. Before and after lesion, animals were subjected to behavioral tests: narrow beam, cylinder test, and apomorphine (APO)-induced rotations. Dopaminergic (DA) denervation and microglia recruitment were assessed with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) and ionized calcium-binding protein-1 adapter (Iba1+) immunostaining, respectively. Post 6-OHDA injury, rats treated with sunflower oil (probiotics vehicle) developed significant decrease in crossing speed and increases in contralateral paw slips (narrow beam), forepaw use asymmetry (cylinder), and APO-induced rotations. In striatum, 6-OHDA eliminated ≈2/3 of TH+ area and caused significant increase of Iba1+ microglia population. Retrograde axonal degeneration suppressed ≈2/5 of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In hemiparkinsonian rats, probiotics treatment significantly improved the crossing speed, and also reduced paw slips (postlesion days 14 and 21), the loss of TH+ neurons in SNpc, and the loss of TH+ area and of Iba1+ microglia count in striatum, without affecting the proportion of microglia morphological phenotypes. Probiotics treatment did not attenuate forepaw use asymmetry nor APO-induced rotations. These results indicate that the mixture of probiotics LGG and BB-12 protects nigrostriatal DA neurons against 6-OHDA-induced damage, supporting their potential as preventive treatment of PD.
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19
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Lapierre J, Karuppan MKM, Perry M, Rodriguez M, El-Hage N. Different Roles of Beclin1 in the Interaction Between Glia and Neurons after Exposure to Morphine and the HIV- Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) Protein. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:470-486. [PMID: 34741242 PMCID: PMC9068829 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed that Beclin1 has a regulatory role in the secretion of inflammatory molecules in glia after exposure to morphine and Tat (an HIV protein). Here we show increased secretion of neuronal growth factors and increased neuronal survival in Beclin1-deficient glia. However, without glia co-culture, neurons deficient in Beclin1 showed greater death and enhanced dendritic beading when compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that glial-secreted growth factors compensate for the damage reduced autophagy causes neurons. To assess if our ex vivo results correlated with in vivo studies, we used a wild-type (Becn1+/+) and Beclin1-deficient (Becn1+/+) mouse model and intracranially infused the mice with Tat and subcutaneously administered morphine pellets. After morphine implantation, significantly impaired locomotor activities were detected in both Becn1+/+ and Becn1+/- mice, irrespective of Tat infusion. After induction of pain, morphine-induced antinociception was detected. Interestingly, co-exposure to morphine and Tat increased sensitivity to pain in Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Brain homogenates from Becn1+/+ mice exposed to Tat, alone and in combination with morphine, showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expression of growth factors when compared to similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Likewise, increased neuronal loss was detected when both Tat and morphine were administered to Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Overall, our findings show that there is a Beclin1-driven interaction between Tat and morphine in glia and neurons. Moreover, reduced glial-Beclin1 may provide a layer of protection to neurons under stressful conditions, such as when exposed to morphine and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mohan K M Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marissa Perry
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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20
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Lee HL, Jung KM, Fotio Y, Squire E, Palese F, Lin L, Torrens A, Ahmed F, Mabou Tagne A, Ramirez J, Su S, Wong CR, Jung DH, Scarfone VM, Nguyen PU, Wood M, Green K, Piomelli D. Frequent Low-Dose Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Adolescence Disrupts Microglia Homeostasis and Disables Responses to Microbial Infection and Social Stress in Young Adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:845-860. [PMID: 35750512 PMCID: PMC10629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, microglia are actively involved in neocortical maturation while concomitantly undergoing profound phenotypic changes. Because the teenage years are also a time of experimentation with cannabis, we evaluated whether adolescent exposure to the drug's psychotropic constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), might persistently alter microglia function. METHODS We administered THC (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) once daily to male and female mice from postnatal day (PND) 30 to PND44 and examined the transcriptome of purified microglia in adult animals (PND70 and PND120) under baseline conditions or following either of two interventions known to recruit microglia: lipopolysaccharide injection and repeated social defeat. We used high-dimensional mass cytometry by time-of-flight to map brain immune cell populations after lipopolysaccharide challenge. RESULTS Adolescent THC exposure produced in mice of both sexes a state of microglial dyshomeostasis that persisted until young adulthood (PND70) but receded with further aging (PND120). Key features of this state included broad alterations in genes involved in microglia homeostasis and innate immunity along with marked impairments in the responses to lipopolysaccharide- and repeated social defeat-induced psychosocial stress. The endocannabinoid system was also dysfunctional. The effects of THC were prevented by coadministration of either a global CB1 receptor inverse agonist or a peripheral CB1 neutral antagonist and were not replicated when THC was administered in young adulthood (PND70-84). CONCLUSIONS Daily low-intensity CB1 receptor activation by THC during adolescence may disable critical functions served by microglia until young adulthood with potentially wide-ranging consequences for brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Lee
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Erica Squire
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Francesca Palese
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Lin Lin
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Alexa Torrens
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jade Ramirez
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Shiqi Su
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christina Renee Wong
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniel Hojin Jung
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pauline U Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Marcelo Wood
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kim Green
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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21
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Xia Y, Chen C, Chen J, Hu C, Yang W, Wang L, Liu L, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Chen DD, Shi Q, Chen ZB, Dong XP. Enhanced M-CSF/CSF1R Signaling Closely Associates with PrP Sc Accumulation in the Scrapie-Infected Cell Line and the Brains of Scrapie-Infected Experimental Rodents. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6534-6551. [PMID: 35970974 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation and proliferation of microglia are one of the hallmarks of prion disease and is usually accompanied by increased levels of various cytokines and chemokines. Our previous study demonstrated that the level of brain macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was abnormally elevated during prion infection, but its association with PrPSc is not completely clear. In this study, colocalization of the increased M-CSF with accumulated PrPSc was observed by IHC with serial brain sections. Reliable molecular interaction between total PrP and M-CSF was observed in the brain of 263 K-infected hamsters and in cultured prion-infected cell line. Immunofluorescent assays showed that morphological colocalization of M-CSF with neurons and microglia, but not with astrocytes in brains of scrapie-infected animals. The transcriptional and expressing levels of CSF1R were also significantly increased in prion-infected cell line and mice, and colocalization of CSF1R with neurons and microglia was observed in the brains of prion-infected mouse models. Removal of PrPSc replication by resveratrol in SMB-S15 cells induced limited reductions of cellular levels of M-CSF and CSF1R. In addition, we found that the level of IL-34, another ligand of CSF1R, did not change significantly after prion infection, but its distribution on the cell types in the brains shifted from neurons in healthy mice to the proliferated astrocytes and microglia in scrapie-infected mice. Our data demonstrate activation of M-CSF/IL-34/CSF1R signaling in the microenvironment of prion infection, strongly indicating its vital role in the pathophysiology of prions. It provides solid scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of inhibiting M-CSF/CSF1R signaling in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Neto E, Leitão L, Mateus JC, Sousa DM, Alves CJ, Aroso M, Monteiro AC, Conceição F, Oreffo ROC, West J, Aguiar P, Lamghari M. Osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles are implicated in sensory neurons sprouting through the activation of epidermal growth factor signaling. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:127. [PMID: 35965312 PMCID: PMC9375906 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different pathologies, affecting the skeletal system, were reported to display altered bone and/or cartilage innervation profiles leading to the deregulation of the tissue homeostasis. The patterning of peripheral innervation is achieved through the tissue-specific expression of attractive or repulsive axonal guidance cues in specific space and time frames. During the last decade, emerging findings attributed to the extracellular vesicles (EV) trading a central role in peripheral tissue innervation. However, to date, the contribution of EV in controlling bone innervation is totally unknown. RESULTS Here we show that sensory neurons outgrowth induced by the bone resorbing cells-osteoclasts-is promoted by osteoclast-derived EV. The EV induced axonal growth is achieved by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB2 signaling/protein kinase C phosphorylation in sensory neurons. In addition, our data also indicate that osteoclasts promote sensory neurons electrophysiological activity reflecting a possible pathway in nerve sensitization in the bone microenvironment, however this effect is EV independent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results identify a new mechanism of sensory bone innervation regulation and shed the light on the role of osteoclast-derived EV in shaping/guiding bone sensory innervation. These findings provide opportunities for exploitation of osteoclast-derived EV based strategies to prevent and/or mitigate pathological uncontrolled bone innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrela Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Leitão
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Mateus
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Conceição
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Institute for Life Sciences and Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Ohata K, Yoshimoto N, Tokuda S, Yoshii N, Nakamura Y, Wang D, Liu K, Wake H, Yoshida T, Ago Y, Hashimoto K, Nishibori M, Morioka N. High-mobility group box 1-mediated hippocampal microglial activation induces cognitive impairment in mice with neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114146. [PMID: 35738416 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, but the mechanism underlying cognitive impairment remains unclear. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of both neuropathic pain and cognitive impairment. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory molecule and could be involved in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment in the neuropathic pain state. Hippocampal microglial activation in mice has been associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, the current study examined a potential role of HMGB1 and microglial activation in cognitive impairment in mice with neuropathic pain due to a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Mice developed cognitive impairment over two weeks, but not one week, after nerve injury. Nerve-injured mice demonstrated decreased nuclear fraction HMGB1, suggesting increased extracellular release of HMGB1. Furthermore, two weeks after PSNL, significant microglia activation was observed in hippocampus. Inhibition of microglial activation with minocycline, local hippocampal microglia depletion with clodronate liposome, or blockade of HMGB1 with either glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) or anti-HMGB1 antibody in PSNL mice reduced hippocampal microglia activation and ameliorated cognitive impairment. Other changes in the hippocampus of PSNL mice potentially related to cognitive impairment, including decreased hippocampal neuron dendrite length and spine densities and decreased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor (AMPAR) subunits, were prevented with anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment. The current findings suggest that neuro-inflammation involves a number of cellular-level changes and microglial activation. Blocking neuro-inflammation, particularly through blocking HMGB1 could be a novel approach to reducing co-morbidities such as cognitive impairment associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintarou Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanako Yoshii
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research & Drug Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Beiriger J, Habib A, Jovanovich N, Kodavali CV, Edwards L, Amankulor N, Zinn PO. The Subventricular Zone in Glioblastoma: Genesis, Maintenance, and Modeling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790976. [PMID: 35359410 PMCID: PMC8960165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor with a median survival rate of 15-16 months with standard care; however, cases of successful treatment offer hope that an enhanced understanding of the pathology will improve the prognosis. The cell of origin in GBM remains controversial. Recent evidence has implicated stem cells as cells of origin in many cancers. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) are being evaluated as potential initiators of GBM tumorigenesis. The NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) have demonstrated similar molecular profiles and share several distinctive characteristics to proliferative glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Genomic and proteomic studies comparing the SVZ and GBM support the hypothesis that the tumor cells and SVZ cells are related. Animal models corroborate this connection, demonstrating migratory patterns from the SVZ to the tumor. Along with laboratory and animal research, clinical studies have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients with GBM after radiation to the ipsilateral SVZ. Additionally, key genetic mutations in GBM for the most part carry regulatory roles in the SVZ as well. An exciting avenue towards SVZ modeling and determining its role in gliomagenesis in the human context is human brain organoids. Here we comprehensively discuss and review the role of the SVZ in GBM genesis, maintenance, and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Beiriger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nicolina Jovanovich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Chowdari V Kodavali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
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25
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Serra MP, Boi M, Carta A, Murru E, Carta G, Banni S, Quartu M. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Beta-Caryophyllene Mediated by the Involvement of TRPV1, BDNF and trkB in the Rat Cerebral Cortex after Hypoperfusion/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3633. [PMID: 35408995 PMCID: PMC8998979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (BCCAO/R) is a model to study early hypoperfusion/reperfusion-induced changes in biomarkers of the tissue physiological response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus in this study, we investigate with immunochemical assays if a single dose of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), administered before the BCCAO/R, can modulate the TRPV1, BDNF, and trkB receptor in the brain cortex; the glial markers GFAP and Iba1 were also examined. Frontal and temporal-occipital cortical regions were analyzed in two groups of male rats, sham-operated and submitted to BCCAO/R. Six hours before surgery, one group was gavage fed a dose of BCP (40 mg/per rat in 300 μL of sunflower oil), the other was pre-treated with the vehicle alone. Western blot analysis showed that, in the frontal cortex of vehicle-treated rats, the BCCAO/R caused a TRPV1 decrease, an increment of trkB and GFAP, no change in BDNF and Iba1. The BCP treatment caused a decrease of BDNF and an increase of trkB levels in both sham and BCCAO/R conditions while inducing opposite changes in the case of TRPV1, whose levels became higher in BCCAO/R and lower in sham conditions. Present results highlight the role of BCP in modulating early events of the cerebral inflammation triggered by the BCCAO/R through the regulation of TRPV1 and the BDNF-trkB system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.P.S.); (M.B.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
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26
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Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling in the central nervous system and the potential of its pharmacological inhibitors to halt the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:821-842. [PMID: 35290551 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1)/Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) signaling axis plays an essential role in the development, maintenance, and proliferation of macrophage lineage cells. Within the central nervous system, CSF-1R signaling primarily maintains microglial homeostasis. Microglia, being the resident macrophage and first responder to any neurological insults, plays critical importance in overall health of the human brain. Aberrant and sustained activation of microglia along with continued proliferation and release of neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines have been reported in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, halting the neuroinflammatory pathway via targeting microglial proliferation, which depends on CSF-1R signaling, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. However, apart from regulating the microglial function, recently it has been discovered that CSF-1R has much broader role in central nervous system. These findings limit the therapeutic utility of CSF-1R inhibitors but also highlight the need for a complete understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. Moreover, it has been found that selective inhibitors of CSF-1R may be more efficient in avoiding non-specific targeting and associated side effects. Short-term depletion of microglial population in diseased conditions have also been found to be beneficial; however, the dose and therapeutic window for optimum effects may need to be standardized further.This review summarizes the present understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. We discuss the CSF-1R signaling in the context of microglia function, crosstalk between microglia and astroglia, and regulation of neuronal cell function. We also discuss a few of the neurological disorders with a focus on the utility of CSF-1R inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of neurological diseases.
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27
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Maras PM, Hebda-Bauer EK, Hagenauer MH, Hilde KL, Blandino P, Watson SJ, Akil H. Differences in microglia morphological profiles reflect divergent emotional temperaments: insights from a selective breeding model. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:105. [PMID: 35292624 PMCID: PMC8924221 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play critical roles in healthy brain development and function, as well as the neuropathology underlying a range of brain diseases. Despite evidence for a role of microglia in affective regulation and mood disorders, little is known regarding how variation in microglia status relates to individual differences in emotionality. Using a selective breeding model, we have generated rat lines with unique temperamental phenotypes that reflect broad emotional traits: bred low responder rats (bLRs) are novelty-averse and model a passive coping style, whereas bred high responder rats (bHRs) are highly exploratory and model an active coping style. To identify a functional role of microglia in these phenotypes, we administered minocycline, an antibiotic with potent microglia inhibiting properties and observed shifts in forced swim, sucrose preference, and social interaction behaviors in bLRs. Using detailed anatomical analyses, we compared hippocampal microglia profiles of bHRs and bLRs and found that although the lines had similar numbers of microglia, selective breeding was associated with a shift in the morphological features of these cells. Specifically, microglia from bLRs were characterized by a hyper-ramified morphology, with longer processes and more complicated branching patterns than microglia from bHRs. This morphology is thought to reflect an early stage of microglia activation and suggests that bLR microglia are in a reactive state even when animals are not overtly challenged. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence linking variation in inborn temperament with differences in the baseline status of microglia and implicate a role for microglia in shaping enduring emotional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Maras
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Elaine K Hebda-Bauer
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Megan H Hagenauer
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn L Hilde
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Blandino
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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28
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Kamal SR, Potukutchi S, Gelovani DJ, Bonomi RE, Kallakuri S, Cavanaugh JM, Mangner T, Conti A, Liu RS, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Sidman RL, Perrine SA, Gelovani JG. Spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa following mild traumatic brain injury in adult rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1683-1693. [PMID: 35027678 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity and adaptive responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increased recognition. TBI-induced neurodegeneration is associated with several changes in the expression-activity of various epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, PET/CT with 6-([18F]trifluoroacetamido)-1- hexanoicanilide ([18F]TFAHA) to image spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa expression-activity in brains of adult rats subjected to a weight drop model of diffuse, non-penetrating, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The mTBI model was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue sections for localization and magnitude of expression of heat-shock protein-70 kDa (HSP70), amyloid precursor protein (APP), cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2), ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA1), histone deacetylase-4 and -5 (HDAC4 and HDAC5). In comparison to baseline, the expression-activities of HDAC4 and HDAC5 were downregulated in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, peri-3rd ventricular part of the thalamus, and substantia nigra at 1-3 days post mTBI, and remained low at 7-8 days post mTBI. Reduced levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 expression observed in neurons of these brain regions post mTBI were associated with the reduced nuclear and neuropil levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with the shift to perinuclear localization of these enzymes. These results support the rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to upregulate expression-activity of HDACs class IIa post-TBI. PET/CT (MRI) with [18F]TFAHA can facilitate the development and clinical translation of unique therapeutic approaches to upregulate the expression and activity of HDACs class IIa enzymes in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatabdi R Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shreya Potukutchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David J Gelovani
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robin E Bonomi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - John M Cavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas Mangner
- Cyclotron-Radiochemistry Facility, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alana Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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29
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Panayotacopoulou MT, Papageorgiou I, Pagida M, Katsogridaki AE, Chrysanthou-Piterou M, Valous NA, Halama N, Patsouris E, Konstantinidou AE. Microglia Activation in the Midbrain of the Human Neonate: The Effect of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:208-224. [PMID: 35092294 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI) is a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric deficits later in life. We previously reported that after prolonged PHI, the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra, without important signs of neuronal degeneration despite the significant reduction in their cell size. Since microglia activation could precede neuronal death, we now investigated 2 microglia activation markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the phagocytosis marker Cd68. The highest Iba1 immunoreactivity was found in neonates with neuropathological lesions of severe/abrupt PHI, while the lowest in subjects with moderate/prolonged or older PHI. Subjects with very severe/prolonged or chronic PHI showed an increased Iba1 expression and very activated microglial morphology. Heavy attachment of microglia on TH neurons and remarkable expression of Cd68 were also observed indicating phagocytosis in this group. Females appear to express more Iba1 than males, suggesting a gender difference in microglia maturation and immune reactivity after PHI insult. PHI-induced microglial "priming" during the sensitive for brain development perinatal/neonatal period, in combination with genetic or other epigenetic factors, could predispose the survivors to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, possibly through a sexually dimorphic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Ismini Papageorgiou
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany (IP).,Institute of Radiology, Südharz Hospital Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany (IP)
| | - Marianna Pagida
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Alexandra E Katsogridaki
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Margarita Chrysanthou-Piterou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Nektarios A Valous
- Applied Tumor Immunity Clinical Cooperation Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NAV)
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany (NH).,Division of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NH)
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP).,1st Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (EP, AEK)
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30
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Wang C, Huang W, Lu J, Chen H, Yu Z. TRPV1-Mediated Microglial Autophagy Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763866. [PMID: 35115924 PMCID: PMC8804218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major regulator of the ageing process of the central nervous system and neurodegeneration. Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TRPV1 was reported to regulate autophagy to protect against foam cell formation and reduce the release of inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis. In this study, pharmacological activation of TRPV1 with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin induced autophagy in a TRPV1-dependent manner in both primary microglia and BV2 cells. TRPV1-mediated autophagy regulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the expression of genes required for aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in primary microglia. TRPV1 agonist capsaicin decreased amyloid and phosphorylated tau pathology and reversed memory deficits by promoting microglia activation, metabolism, and autophagy in 3xTg mice. These results indicate that TRPV1 was a potential therapeutic target for AD, which suggests that capsaicin should be further assessed as a possible treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
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31
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Perna J, Lu J, Mullen B, Liu T, Tjia M, Weiser S, Ackman J, Zuo Y. Perinatal Penicillin Exposure Affects Cortical Development and Sensory Processing. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:704219. [PMID: 35002614 PMCID: PMC8727458 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.704219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent use of antibiotics in pregnant women and neonates raises concerns about long-term risks for children’s health, but their effects on the central nervous system is not well understood. We studied the effects of perinatal penicillin exposure (PPE) on brain structure and function in mice with a therapeutically relevant regimen. We used a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate anxiety, working memory, and sensory processing, and immunohistochemistry to quantify changes in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV+ INs), perineuronal nets (PNNs), as well as microglia density and morphology. In addition, we performed mesoscale calcium imaging to study neural activity and functional connectivity across cortical regions, and two-photon imaging to monitor dendritic spine and microglial dynamics. We found that adolescent PPE mice have abnormal sensory processing, including impaired texture discrimination and altered prepulse inhibition. Such behavioral changes are associated with increased spontaneous neural activities in various cortical regions, and delayed maturation of PV+ INs in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, adolescent PPE mice have elevated elimination of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons, as well as increased ramifications and spatial coverage of cortical microglia. Finally, while synaptic defects are transient during adolescence, behavioral abnormalities persist into adulthood. Our study demonstrates that early-life exposure to antibiotics affects cortical development, leaving a lasting effect on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Perna
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Ju Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Brian Mullen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Tjia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Sydney Weiser
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - James Ackman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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32
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A Single Administration of Riluzole Applied Acutely After Spinal Cord Injury Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Activity and Improves Long-Term Functional Recovery in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:730-740. [PMID: 34988900 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), emergency treatment intervention can minimize tissue damage, which is closely related to the recovery of long-term function. Here, we examined whether the administration of a single dose of riluzole (6 mg/kg) immediately after SCI was a critical window for the drug to exert its regulatory effect and limit long-term neurological deficits. The animals were sacrificed 1 day after administration for investigation of neuronal survival and a potential neuroinflammatory response, and sacrificed in the 6th week for assessment of neurological function. Riluzole applied in a single dose immediately post-SCI decreased the mRNA level of interleukin-1β at 6 h, reduced the destruction of neurons, and reduced the activation of microglia/macrophage M1 expression at day 1 post-SCI. Additionally, riluzole-treated rats showed higher expressions of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 in microglia/macrophages of the spinal cord than vehicle-treated rats, suggesting that this signaling pathway might be involved in microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammation. At 6 weeks, riluzole-treated rats exhibited higher motor function scores than vehicle-treated controls. In addition, riluzole-treated rats exhibited higher expression of GAP43 protein and shorter N1 peak latency and larger N1-P1 amplitude in motor-evoked potentials, compared to vehicle-treated rats. Together, these data suggested that early application of riluzole after SCI could be crucial for long-term functional recovery, so it may represent a promising therapeutic candidate within the critical therapeutic window for acute SCI.
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33
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Wang Q, Ma M, Yu H, Yu H, Zhang S, Li R. Mirtazapine prevents cell activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress against isoflurane exposure in microglia. Bioengineered 2022; 13:521-530. [PMID: 34964706 PMCID: PMC8805817 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirtazapine is an antidepressant drug that has been proven to possess a cognitive enhancer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the potential protective effects of mirtazapine on BV2 microglia in response to isoflurane exposure. Our results show that mirtazapine attenuated isoflurane-induced expression of microglia-specific protein Iba1 in BV2 microglia. Mirtazapine prevented isoflurane-induced production of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in BV2 microglia. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and elevated expression level of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in isoflurane-induced BV2 microglia were mitigated by mirtazapine. Isoflurane exposure reduced triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression in BV2 microglia, which was restored by mirtazapine. Moreover, silencing of TREM2 abolished the inhibitory effects of mirtazapine on ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) expression and inflammation in BV2 microglia. From these results, we could infer that mirtazapine exerted a protective effect on BV2 microglia against isoflurane exposure-caused microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress via inducing TREM2 activation. Hence, mirtazapine might be a potential intervention strategy to prevent isoflurane exposure-caused cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Meina Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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34
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Sun R, Kim AH. The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:871-898. [PMID: 35920986 PMCID: PMC9758111 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the application of high throughput sequencing technologies at single-cell resolution, studies of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and invasive of all cancers, have revealed immense cellular and tissue heterogeneity. A unique extracellular scaffold system adapts to and supports progressive infiltration and migration of tumor cells, which is characterized by altered composition, effector delivery, and mechanical properties. The spatiotemporal interactions between malignant and immune cells generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, contributing to the failure of effective anti-tumor immune attack. Among the heterogeneous tumor cell subpopulations of glioblastoma, glioma stem cells (GSCs), which exhibit tumorigenic properties and strong invasive capacity, are critical for tumor growth and are believed to contribute to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Here we discuss the role of extracellular matrix and immune cell populations, major components of the tumor ecosystem in glioblastoma, as well as signaling pathways that regulate GSC maintenance and invasion. We also highlight emerging advances in therapeutic targeting of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Albert H. Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Zhu X, Xie W, Zhang J, Strong JA, Zhang JM. Sympathectomy decreases pain behaviors and nerve regeneration by downregulating monocyte chemokine CCL2 in dorsal root ganglia in the rat tibial nerve crush model. Pain 2022; 163:e106-e120. [PMID: 33941753 PMCID: PMC8556407 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peripheral nerve regeneration is associated with pain in several preclinical models of neuropathic pain. Some neuropathic pain conditions and preclinical neuropathic pain behaviors are improved by sympathetic blockade. In this study, we examined the effect of a localized "microsympathectomy," ie, cutting the gray rami containing sympathetic postganglionic axons where they enter the L4 and L5 spinal nerves, which is more analogous to clinically used sympathetic blockade compared with chemical or surgical sympathectomy. We also examined manipulations of CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), a key player in both regeneration and pain. We used rat tibial nerve crush as a neuropathic pain model in which peripheral nerve regeneration can occur successfully. CCL2 in the sensory ganglia was increased by tibial nerve crush and reduced by microsympathectomy. Microsympathectomy and localized siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCL2 in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion had very similar effects: partial improvement of mechanical hypersensitivity and guarding behavior, reduction of regeneration markers growth-associated protein 43 and activating transcription factor 3, and reduction of macrophage density in the sensory ganglia and regenerating nerve. Microsympathectomy reduced functional regeneration as measured by myelinated action potential propagation through the injury site and denervation-induced atrophy of the tibial-innervated gastrocnemius muscle at day 10. Microsympathectomy plus CCL2 knockdown had behavioral effects similar to microsympathectomy alone. The results show that local sympathetic effects on neuropathic pain may be mediated in a large part by the effects on expression of CCL2, which in turn regulates the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Judith A. Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
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Schmidt C, Schneble-Löhnert N, Lajqi T, Wetzker R, Müller JP, Bauer R. PI3Kγ Mediates Microglial Proliferation and Cell Viability via ROS. Cells 2021; 10:2534. [PMID: 34685514 PMCID: PMC8534080 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rapid microglial proliferation contributes to the complex responses of the innate immune system in the brain to various neuroinflammatory stimuli. Here, we investigated the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for rapid proliferation of murine microglia induced by LPS and ATP. (2) Methods: PI3Kγ knockout mice (PI3Kγ KO), mice expressing catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) and wild-type mice were assessed for microglial proliferation using an in vivo wound healing assay. Additionally, primary microglia derived from newborn wild-type, PI3Kγ KO and PI3Kγ KD mice were used to analyze PI3Kγ effects on proliferation and cell viability, senescence and cellular and mitochondrial ROS production; the consequences of ROS production for proliferation and cell viability after LPS or ATP stimulation were studied using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. (3) Results: Mice with a loss of lipid kinase activity showed impaired proliferation of microglia. The prerequisite of induced microglial proliferation and cell viability appeared to be PI3Kγ-mediated induction of ROS production. (4) Conclusions: The lipid kinase activity of PI3Kγ plays a crucial role for microglial proliferation and cell viability after acute inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (N.S.-L.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Nadine Schneble-Löhnert
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (N.S.-L.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jörg P. Müller
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (N.S.-L.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (N.S.-L.); (J.P.M.)
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Raha S, Dutta D, Roy A, Pahan K. Reduction of Lewy Body Pathology by Oral Cinnamon. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:592-608. [PMID: 32889602 PMCID: PMC7933354 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies in a broader sense comprise of several neurodegenerative disorders that primarily include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). These disorders are well characterized by the accumulation of aggregated insoluble α-synuclein (α-syn) protein known as Lewy bodies. Till date no effective cure is available to reduce the burden of Lewy body. The present investigation underlines the importance of a naturally used spice and flavoring agent viz. cinnamon in reducing α-syn deposits in transgenic mice expressing mutant A53T human α-syn. Upon oral administration, cinnamon markedly reduced the level of insoluble α-syn in nigra, hippocampus and brain stem of A53T mice. We also demonstrated that sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon, a widely used food additive and a FDA-approved drug for glycine encephalopathy, was also capable of reducing α-syn deposits in A53T mice. In addition, both cinnamon and NaB treatments showed improvement in their motor and cognitive functions. Glial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including PD, DLB and MSA, and we found suppression of microglial and astroglial activation in the nigra of A53T mice upon cinnamon treatment. Moreover, neuroprotective proteins like DJ-1 and Parkin are known to reduce the formation of Lewy bodies in the CNS. Accordingly, we observed upregulation and/or normalization of DJ-1 and Parkin in the nigra of A53T mice by treatment with cinnamon and NaB. Together, these results highlight a new therapeutic property of cinnamon and suggest that cinnamon and NaB may be used to halt the progression of α-synucleinopathies.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Generation of an Iba1-EGFP Transgenic Rat for the Study of Microglia in an Outbred Rodent Strain. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0026-21.2021. [PMID: 34417284 PMCID: PMC8425967 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0026-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience has been transformed by the ability to genetically modify inbred mice, including the ability to express fluorescent markers specific to cell types or activation states. This approach has been put to particularly good effect in the study of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. These specialized macrophages are exceedingly small and complex, but also highly motile and mobile. To date, there have been no tools similar to those in mice available for studying these fundamental cells in the rat brain, and we seek to fill that gap with the generation of the genetically modified Sprague Dawley rat line: SD-Tg(Iba1-EGFP)Mmmc. Using CRISPR-Cas/9 technology, we knocked in EGFP to the promoter of the gene Iba1. With four male and three female founders confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis to have appropriate and specific insertion, we established a breeding colony with at least three generations of backcrosses to obtain stable and reliable Iba1-EGFP expression. The specificity of EGFP expression to microglia was established by flow cytometry for CD45low/CD11b+ cells and by immunohistochemistry. Microglial EGFP expression was detected in neonates and persisted into adulthood. Blood macrophages and monocytes were found to express low levels of EGFP, as expected. Last, we show that EGFP expression is suitable for live imaging of microglia processes in acute brain slices and via intravital two-photon microscopy.
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Nguyen T, Gao J, Wang P, Nagesetti A, Andrews P, Masood S, Vriesman Z, Liang P, Khizroev S, Jin X. In Vivo Wireless Brain Stimulation via Non-invasive and Targeted Delivery of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2091-2106. [PMID: 34131858 PMCID: PMC8609092 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless and precise stimulation of deep brain structures could have important applications to study intact brain circuits and treat neurological disorders. Herein, we report that magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) can be guided to a targeted brain region to stimulate brain activity with a magnetic field. We demonstrated the nanoparticles' capability to reliably evoke fast neuronal responses in cortical slices ex vivo. After fluorescently labeled MENs were intravenously injected and delivered to a targeted brain region by applying a magnetic field gradient, a magnetic field of low intensity (350-450 Oe) applied to the mouse head reliably evoked cortical activities, as revealed by two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals and by an increased number of c-Fos expressing cells after stimulation. Neither brain delivery of MENs nor the magnetic stimulation caused significant increases in astrocytes and microglia. Thus, MENs could enable a non-invasive and contactless deep brain stimulation without the need of genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Medical Neuroscience Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Abhignyan Nagesetti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sehban Masood
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zoe Vriesman
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Magnetic resonance imaging of neuroinflammation in chronic pain: a role for astrogliosis? Pain 2021; 161:1555-1564. [PMID: 31990749 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive measures of neuroinflammatory processes in humans could substantially aid diagnosis and therapeutic development for many disorders, including chronic pain. Several proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) metabolites have been linked with glial activity (ie, choline and myo-inositol) and found to be altered in chronic pain patients, but their role in the neuroinflammatory cascade is not well known. Our multimodal study evaluated resting functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity and H-MRS metabolite concentration in insula cortex in 43 patients suffering from fibromyalgia, a chronic centralized pain disorder previously demonstrated to include a neuroinflammatory component, and 16 healthy controls. Patients demonstrated elevated choline (but not myo-inositol) in anterior insula (aIns) (P = 0.03), with greater choline levels linked with worse pain interference (r = 0.41, P = 0.01). In addition, reduced resting functional connectivity between aIns and putamen was associated with both pain interference (whole brain analysis, pcorrected < 0.01) and elevated aIns choline (r = -0.37, P = 0.03). In fact, aIns/putamen connectivity statistically mediated the link between aIns choline and pain interference (P < 0.01), highlighting the pathway by which neuroinflammation can impact clinical pain dysfunction. To further elucidate the molecular substrates of the effects observed, we investigated how putative neuroinflammatory H-MRS metabolites are linked with ex vivo tissue inflammatory markers in a nonhuman primate model of neuroinflammation. Results demonstrated that cortical choline levels were correlated with glial fibrillary acidic protein, a known marker for astrogliosis (Spearman r = 0.49, P = 0.03). Choline, a putative neuroinflammatory H-MRS-assessed metabolite elevated in fibromyalgia and associated with pain interference, may be linked with astrogliosis in these patients.
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Lu Q, Liu R, Sherchan P, Ren R, He W, Fang Y, Huang Y, Shi H, Tang L, Yang S, Zhang JH, Tang J. TREM (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells)-1 Inhibition Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PKC (Protein Kinase C) δ/CARD9 (Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9) Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Stroke 2021; 52:2162-2173. [PMID: 33947214 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Q.L., S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China (R.L.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Reng Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (W.H.)
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China (H.S.)
| | - Lihui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Q.L., S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
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Zhang Y, Erhard AL, Plagemann T, Eter N, Heiduschka P. A modified protocol for isolation of retinal microglia from the pig. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108584. [PMID: 33910034 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the retina. To investigate their properties and behaviour, a reliable and yielding procedure to culture them is necessary. We here describe a way of isolation of microglial cells from the porcine retina, as pig eyes are similar to human eyes in size, structure and vasculature, including similarities in proteins and pathways. Retina was isolated from fresh pig eyes, dissociated by a mixture of collagenase, hyaluronidase and DNAse, and passed through a cell strainer. After triple centrifugation with decreasing velocity and re-suspension, cells were seeded into poly-d-lysine coated culture flasks and cultured using DMEM and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Number of cells increased gradually during the first 10-14 days, till they could be split and used for experiments. Identity of isolated cells as microglia was assessed by immunostaining against the microglia/macrophage markers Iba1, CD11b, CD68, CD45 and TMEM119. Phagocytic function of microglia could be demonstrated by phagocytosis of fluorescence beads and their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a conclusion, we developed a protocol for isolation and cultivation of pig retinal microglial cells that are suitable for research in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- University of Münster Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Erhard
- University of Münster Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Plagemann
- University of Münster Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Eter
- University of Münster Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Heiduschka
- University of Münster Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany.
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43
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Hall S, Deurveilher S, Robertson GS, Semba K. Homeostatic state of microglia in a rat model of chronic sleep restriction. Sleep 2021; 43:5849344. [PMID: 32474610 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) negatively impacts brain functions. Whether microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play any role is unknown. We studied microglia responses to CSR using a rat model featuring slowly rotating wheels (3 h on/1 h off), which was previously shown to induce both homeostatic and adaptive responses in sleep and attention. Adult male rats were sleep restricted for 27 or 99 h. Control rats were housed in locked wheels. After 27 and/or 99 h of CSR, the number of cells immunoreactive for the microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) and the density of Iba1 immunoreactivity were increased in 4/10 brain regions involved in sleep/wake regulation and cognition, including the prelimbic cortex, central amygdala, perifornical lateral hypothalamic area, and dorsal raphe nucleus. CSR neither induced mitosis in microglia (assessed with bromodeoxyuridine) nor impaired blood-brain barrier permeability (assessed with Evans Blue). Microglia appeared ramified in all treatment groups and, when examined quantitatively in the prelimbic cortex, their morphology was not affected by CSR. After 27 h, but not 99 h, of CSR, mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 were increased in the frontal cortex. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) were unchanged. Furthermore, cortical microglia were not immunoreactive for several pro- and anti-inflammatory markers tested, but were immunoreactive for the purinergic P2Y12 receptor. These results suggest that microglia respond to CSR while remaining in a physiological state and may contribute to the previously reported homeostatic and adaptive responses to CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Hall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Samüel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Maurya SK, Bhattacharya N, Mishra S, Bhattacharya A, Banerjee P, Senapati S, Mishra R. Microglia Specific Drug Targeting Using Natural Products for the Regulation of Redox Imbalance in Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654489. [PMID: 33927630 PMCID: PMC8076853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, a type of innate immune cell of the brain, regulates neurogenesis, immunological surveillance, redox imbalance, cognitive and behavioral changes under normal and pathological conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Microglia produces a wide variety of cytokines to maintain homeostasis. It also participates in synaptic pruning and regulation of neurons overproduction by phagocytosis of neural precursor cells. The phenotypes of microglia are regulated by the local microenvironment of neurons and astrocytes via interaction with both soluble and membrane-bound mediators. In case of neuron degeneration as observed in acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases, microglia gets released from the inhibitory effect of neurons and astrocytes, showing activated phenotype either of its dual function. Microglia shows neuroprotective effect by secreting growths factors to heal neurons and clears cell debris through phagocytosis in case of a moderate stimulus. But the same microglia starts releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IFN-γ, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), increasing neuroinflammation and redox imbalance in the brain under chronic signals. Therefore, pharmacological targeting of microglia would be a promising strategy in the regulation of neuroinflammation, redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies present potentials of natural products like curcumin, resveratrol, cannabidiol, ginsenosides, flavonoids and sulforaphane to suppress activation of microglia. These natural products have also been proposed as effective therapeutics to regulate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review article intends to explain the molecular mechanisms and functions of microglia and molecular dynamics of microglia specific genes and proteins like Iba1 and Tmem119 in neurodegeneration. The possible interventions by curcumin, resveratrol, cannabidiol, ginsenosides, flavonoids and sulforaphane on microglia specific protein Iba1 suggest possibility of natural products mediated regulation of microglia phenotypes and its functions to control redox imbalance and neuroinflammation in management of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis for microglia-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neetu Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Mishra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, SGPGI, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Banerjee
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Carmona-Abellan M, Martinez-Valbuena I, Marcilla I, DiCaudo C, Gil I, Nuñez J, Luquin MR. Microglia is associated with p-Tau aggregates in the olfactory bulb of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1473-1482. [PMID: 32816165 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) seems to be the first affected structure in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Deposits of protein aggregates, increased dopaminergic neurons, and decreased cholinergic inputs have all been described in the OB of these diseases. We investigated here the contribution of the activated microglial cells to the increased deposits of protein aggregates. We quantified the number of activated microglial cells and astrocytes in the OB of patients with histological diagnosis of PD (n = 5), AD (n = 13), and LBD (n = 7) and aged-matched controls (n = 8). Specific consensus diagnostic criteria were applied for AD, LBD, and PD. Protein aggregates were scored in the OB as grade 0, none; grade 1, mild; grade 2, moderate; and grade 3, severe. OB sections from the 33 subjects were stained with specific antibodies markers for reactive astrocytes (GFAP) and microglial cells (Iba1 and HLA-DR). The total number of Iba1-ir (Iba-immunoreactive) and HLAD-DR cells was estimated by stereological analysis, while quantification of astrocytes was performed by GFAP optical density. Statistical analysis was done using the Stata 12.0 software. The number of microglia and activated microglia cells (HLA-RD-ir) was increased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases (p < 0.05). Moreover, the density of GFAP-ir cells was higher in the OB of patients. Neither the number of microglia cells nor the density of astrocytes correlated with the number of b-amyloid and alpha-synuclein deposits, but the density of Iba1-ir cells correlated with the number of p-Tau aggregates. Activated microglial cells and reactive astrocytes are present in the OB of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The lack of correlation between the number of activated microglia cells and protein deposits indicate that they might independently contribute to the degenerative process. The presence of microglia is related to phosphorylated Tau deposits in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Martinez-Valbuena
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, CIMA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- HRI Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Irene Marcilla
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, CIMA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- HRI Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Gil
- HRI Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jorge Nuñez
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosario Luquin
- HRI Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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46
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Age-dependent and region-specific alteration of parvalbumin neurons, perineuronal nets and microglia in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following obesogenic diet consumption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5593. [PMID: 33692414 PMCID: PMC7970944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent evidence demonstrates that excessive consumption of high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diets has negative consequences on hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Moreover, the delayed maturation of the PFC including the late development of parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) may promote vulnerability to HFHS diet-induced nutritional stress. However, the young brain may have some resistance to diet-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, we examined the impact of a HFHS diet commencing either in adolescence or adulthood in male mice. PV interneurons, PNNs and microglia were assessed using immunohistochemistry. We observed greater numbers of PV neurons and PNNs in the hippocampus and the prelimbic and infralimbic PFC in adult mice in comparison to our younger cohort. Mice that consumed HFHS diet as adults had reduced numbers of hippocampal PV neurons and PNNs, which correlated with adiposity. However, we saw no effects of diet on PV and PNNs in the PFC. HFHS diet increased microgliosis in the adult cohort, and morphological changes to microglia were observed in the PFC and hippocampus of the adolescent cohort, with a shift to activated microglia phenotypes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate different regional and age-specific effects of obesogenic diets on PV neurons, PNNs and microglia.
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Doroshenko ER, Drohomyrecky PC, Gower A, Whetstone H, Cahill LS, Ganguly M, Spring S, Yi TJ, Sled JG, Dunn SE. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Deficiency in Microglia Results in Exacerbated Axonal Injury and Tissue Loss in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:570425. [PMID: 33732230 PMCID: PMC7959796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.570425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ is a nuclear receptor that functions to maintain metabolic homeostasis, regulate cell growth, and limit the development of excessive inflammation during immune responses. Previously, we reported that PPAR-δ-deficient mice develop a more severe clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, it was difficult to delineate the role that microglia played in this disease phenotype since PPAR-δ-deficient mice exhibited a number of immune defects that enhanced CNS inflammation upstream of microglia activation. Here, we specifically investigated the role of PPAR-δ in microglia during EAE by using mice where excision of a floxed Ppard allele was driven by expression of a tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible CX3C chemokine receptor 1 promoter-Cre recombinase transgene (Cx3cr1CreERT2: Ppardfl/fl). We observed that by 30 days of TAM treatment, Cx3cr1CreERT2: Ppardfl/fl mice exhibited Cre-mediated deletion primarily in microglia and this was accompanied by efficient knockdown of Ppard expression in these cells. Upon induction of EAE, TAM-treated Cx3cr1CreERT2: Ppardfl/fl mice presented with an exacerbated course of disease compared to TAM-treated Ppardfl/fl controls. Histopathological and magnetic resonance (MR) studies on the spinal cord and brains of EAE mice revealed increased Iba-1 immunoreactivity, axonal injury and CNS tissue loss in the TAM-treated Cx3cr1CreERT2: Ppardfl/fl group compared to controls. In early EAE, a time when clinical scores and the infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes was equivalent between Cx3cr1CreERT2: Ppardfl/fl and Ppardfl/fl mice, Ppard-deficient microglia exhibited a more reactive phenotype as evidenced by a shorter maximum process length and lower expression of genes associated with a homeostatic microglia gene signature. In addition, Ppard-deficient microglia exhibited increased expression of genes associated with reactive oxygen species generation, phagocytosis and lipid clearance, M2-activation, and promotion of inflammation. Our results therefore suggest that PPAR-δ has an important role in microglia in limiting bystander tissue damage during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Gower
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milan Ganguly
- Histology Core, The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shoshana Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tae Joon Yi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Ping S, Qiu X, Kyle M, Zhao LR. Brain-derived CCR5 Contributes to Neuroprotection and Brain Repair after Experimental Stroke. Aging Dis 2021; 12:72-92. [PMID: 33532129 PMCID: PMC7801286 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) is expressed not only in the immune cells but also in cerebral cells such as neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Stroke triggers high expression of CCR5 in the brain. However, the role of CCR5 in stroke remains unclear. In this study, using bone marrow chimeras we have determined the involvement of brain-derived or bone marrow-derived CCR5 in neuroprotection and brain repair after experimental stroke. CCR5-/- mice that received either wild-type (WT) or CCR5-/- bone marrow transplantation showed larger infarction sizes than the WT mice that received either WT or CCR5-/- bone marrow transplantation in both the acute (48h) and subacute (2 months) phases after cerebral cortical ischemia, suggesting that the lack of CCR5 in the brain leads to severe brain damage after stroke. However, the lack of CCR5 in the bone marrow-derived cells did not affect infarction size. The impairments of somatosensory-motor function and motor coordination were exacerbated in the mice lacking CCR5 in the brain. At 2 months post-stroke, increased degenerative neurons, decreased dendrites and synapses, decreased Iba1+ microglia/ macrophages, reduced myelination and CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in the peri-infarct cortex were observed in the mice lacking CCR5 in the brain. These pathological changes are significantly correlated with the increased infarction size and exacerbated neurological deficits. These data suggest that brain-derived CCR5 plays a key role in neuroprotection and brain repair in the subacute phase of stroke. This study reveals a novel role of CCR5 in stroke, which sheds new light on post-stroke pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
| | - Xuecheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
| | - Michele Kyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
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Kinoshita M, Oyanagi K, Kondo Y, Ishizawa K, Ishihara K, Yoshida M, Inoue T, Mitsuyama Y, Yoshida K, Yamada M, Sekijima Y, Ikeda SI. Pathologic basis of the preferential thinning of thecorpus callosum in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). eNeurologicalSci 2021; 22:100310. [PMID: 33553700 PMCID: PMC7844436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is an early onset dementia characterized by axonal loss in the cerebral white matter with swollen axons (spheroids). It had been reported that the preferential thinning and “focal lesions” of the corpus callosum were observed on T2-weighted MRI in ALSP patients. The present study aimed to reveal the pathologic basis of them in relation to brain lesion staging (I ~ IV: Oyanagi et al. 2017). Methods Seven autopsied brains of ALSP and five controls were neuropathologically examined. Results Even at Stage I, corpus callosum body showed evident atrophy, and the atrophy advanced with stage progression. Spheroid size and density were maximal at Stage II in both centrum semiovale and corpus callosum body, but spheroids were larger in corpus callosum body than in centrum semiovale. Microglia in the body at Stage II had a larger cytoplasm than those in centrum semiovale. But spheroids and microglia in the “focal lesions” were identical with those of centrum semiovale. Conclusion Preferential thinning of corpus callosum was considered to be formed in relation to peculiar morphological alteration of microglia there in ALSP. Instead, “focal lesions” were formed in connection with the lesions in centrum semiovale. Preferential thinning and “focal lesions” of corpus callosum in ALSP. Seven autopsied brains of ALSP and five controls were neuropathologically examined. Larger spheroids and more microglial alteration in corpus callosum than centrum semiovale. “Focal lesions” were formed in connection with the lesions in the centrum semiovale. Peculiar morphological change of microglia leads to the preferential thinning of corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Suwa Red Cross Hospital, 5-11-50 Kogandori, Suwa 392-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kondo
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital, 1-6-20 Yako, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0001, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Inoue
- Psychogeriatric Center, Daigo Hospital, 1270 Nagata, Mimata-chou, Kitamorokata-gun, Miyazaki 889-1911, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mitsuyama
- Psychogeriatric Center, Daigo Hospital, 1270 Nagata, Mimata-chou, Kitamorokata-gun, Miyazaki 889-1911, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshida
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamada
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ikeda
- Intractable Disease Care Center, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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50
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Cihankaya H, Theiss C, Matschke V. Little Helpers or Mean Rogue-Role of Microglia in Animal Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030993. [PMID: 33498186 PMCID: PMC7863915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). ALS patients suffer from hyperreflexia, spasticity, paralysis and muscle atrophy and typically die due to respiratory failure 1–5 years after disease onset. In addition to the degeneration of motor neurons on the cellular level, ALS has been associated with neuroinflammation, such as microgliosis. Microglial activation in ALS can either be protective or degenerative to the neurons. Among others, mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9Orf72), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP) 43 and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 54 (VPS54) genes have been associated with ALS. Here, we describe the dual role and functionality of microglia in four different in vivo ALS models and search for the lowest common denominator with respect to the role of microglia in the highly heterogeneous disease of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Cihankaya
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-32-25018
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