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Marcianò G, Vocca C, Rania V, Citraro R, De Sarro G, Gallelli L. Metalloproteases in Pain Generation and Persistence: A Possible Target? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020268. [PMID: 36830637 PMCID: PMC9953417 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes associated with extracellular matrix protein turnover and tissue degradation. They participate to many different physiological reactions but are also hyperactivated in several diseases. Various literature studies have documented that MMPs play a role in the modulation of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. The heterogeneity of clinical and pre-clinical data is an important issue in this experimental context. Despite the presence of a good number of studies on MMP inhibitors, these drugs showed scarce efficacy and relevant side effects. In the present manuscript, we reviewed studies in the literature that define a possible role of MMPs in pain and the effects of their modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Marcianò
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Vocca
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medifarmagen SRL, Department of Health Science, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-712322
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2
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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Woo M, Song J. Identification of the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 36691085 PMCID: PMC9872444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by neuronal degeneration and glial dysfunction, resulting in cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral impairment. Multiple factors including genetic, environmental, metabolic, and oxidant overload contribute to disease progression. Recent evidences suggest that metabolic syndrome is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Despite advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments to combat neurodegenerative disorders caused by MetS have not been developed to date. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency has been associated with MetS-related pathologies both in-vivo and in-vitro. IGF-1 is essential for embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, neurotropism, angiogenesis, metabolic function, and protein clearance in the brain. Here, we review the evidence for the potential therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in the neurodegeneration related to metabolic syndrome. We elucidate how IGF-1 may be involved in molecular signaling defects that occurs in MetS-related neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the importance of IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic target in MetS-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Minna Woo
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Juhyun Song
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
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3
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexual dimorphism of early transcriptional reprogramming in degenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1029278. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1029278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a powerful yet understudied factor that influences the timing and efficiency of gene regulation in axonal injury and repair processes in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we identified common and distinct biological processes in female and male degenerating (distal) nerve stumps based on a snapshot of transcriptional reprogramming 24 h after axotomy reflecting the onset of early phase Wallerian degeneration (WD). Females exhibited transcriptional downregulation of a larger number of genes than males. RhoGDI, ERBB, and ERK5 signaling pathways increased activity in both sexes. Males upregulated genes and canonical pathways that exhibited robust baseline expression in females in both axotomized and sham nerves, including signaling pathways controlled by neuregulin and nerve growth factors. Cholesterol biosynthesis, reelin signaling, and synaptogenesis signaling pathways were downregulated in females. Signaling by Rho Family GTPases, cAMP-mediated signaling, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were downregulated in both sexes. Estrogens potentially influenced sex-dependent injury response due to distinct regulation of estrogen receptor expression. A crosstalk of cytokines and growth hormones could promote sexually dimorphic transcriptional responses. We highlighted prospective regulatory activities due to protein phosphorylation, extracellular proteolysis, sex chromosome-specific expression, major urinary proteins (MUPs), and genes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Combined with our earlier findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and regenerating (proximal) nerve stumps, sex-specific and universal early phase molecular triggers of WD enrich our knowledge of transcriptional regulation in peripheral nerve injury and repair.
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Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexually dimorphic transcriptional programs of early-phase response in regenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:958568. [PMID: 35983069 PMCID: PMC9378824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.958568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) reshapes the spatiotemporal gene expression landscape in response to nerve transection. The control of these molecular programs exhibits sexually dimorphic characteristics that remain not sufficiently characterized. In the present study, we recorded genome-wide and sex-dependent early-phase transcriptional changes in regenerating (proximal) sciatic nerve 24 h after axotomy. Male nerves exhibited more extensive transcriptional changes with male-dominant upregulation of cytoskeletal binding and structural protein genes. Regulation of mRNAs encoding ion and ionotropic neurotransmitter channels displayed prominent sexual dimorphism consistent with sex-specific mRNA axonal transport in an early-phase regenerative response. Protein kinases and axonal transport genes showed sexually dimorphic regulation. Genes encoding components of synaptic vesicles were at high baseline expression in females and showed post-injury induction selectively in males. Predictive bioinformatic analyses established patterns of sexually dimorphic regulation of neurotrophic and immune genes, including activation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Gfra1 receptor and immune checkpoint cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) potentially linked to X-chromosome encoded tissue inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinases 1 (Timp1). Regulatory networks involving Olig1, Pou3f3/Oct6, Myrf, and Myt1l transcription factors were linked to sex-dependent reprogramming in regenerating nerves. Differential expression patterns of non-coding RNAs motivate a model of sexually dimorphic nerve regenerative responses to injury determined by epigenetic factors. Combined with our findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG), unique early-phase sex-specific molecular triggers could enrich the mechanistic understanding of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrei V. Chernov,
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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Zhu Y, Peng N, Wang J, Jin Z, Zhu L, Wang Y, Chen S, Hu Y, Zhang T, Song Q, Xie F, Yan L, Li Y, Xiao J, Li X, Jiang B, Peng J, Wang Y, Luo Y. Peripheral nerve defects repaired with autogenous vein grafts filled with platelet-rich plasma and active nerve microtissues and evaluated by novel multimodal ultrasound techniques. Biomater Res 2022; 26:24. [PMID: 35690849 PMCID: PMC9188244 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing biocompatible nerve conduits that accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration, lengthening and functional recovery remains a challenge. The combined application of nerve microtissues and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides abundant Schwann cells (SCs) and various natural growth factors and can compensate for the deficiency of SCs in the nerve bridge, as well as the limitations of applying a single type of growth factor. Multimodal ultrasound evaluation can provide additional information on the stiffness and microvascular flow perfusion of the tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel tissue-engineered nerve graft composed of an autogenous vein, nerve microtissues and PRP in reconstructing a 12-mm tibial nerve defect and to explore the value of multimodal ultrasound techniques in evaluating the prognosis of nerve repair. METHODS In vitro, nerve microtissue activity was first investigated, and the effects on SC proliferation, migration, factor secretion, and axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were evaluated by coculture with nerve microtissues and PRP. In vivo, seventy-five rabbits were equally and randomly divided into Hollow, PRP, Micro-T (Microtissues), Micro-T + PRP and Autograft groups. By analysing the neurological function, electrophysiological recovery, and the comparative results of multimodal ultrasound and histological evaluation, we investigated the effect of these new nerve grafts in repairing tibial nerve defects. RESULTS Our results showed that the combined application of nerve microtissues and PRP could significantly promote the proliferation, secretion and migration of SCs and the regeneration of axons in the early stage. The Micro-T + PRP group and Autograft groups exhibited the best nerve repair 12 weeks postoperatively. In addition, the changes in target tissue stiffness and microvascular perfusion on multimodal ultrasound (shear wave elastography; contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; Angio PlaneWave UltrasenSitive, AngioPLUS) were significantly correlated with the histological results, such as collagen area percentage and VEGF expression, respectively. CONCLUSION Our novel tissue-engineered nerve graft shows excellent efficacy in repairing 12-mm defects of the tibial nerve in rabbits. Moreover, multimodal ultrasound may provide a clinical reference for prognosis by quantitatively evaluating the stiffness and microvescular flow of nerve grafts and targeted muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Peng
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, The Second Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhuang Jin
- General hospital of Northern Theater Command, Liaoning, China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Chen
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, JiangXi PingXiang People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Song
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yukun Luo
- Departments of Ultrasound, The First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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7
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Aghanoori MR, Agarwal P, Gauvin E, Nagalingam RS, Bonomo R, Yathindranath V, Smith DR, Hai Y, Lee S, Jolivalt CG, Calcutt NA, Jones MJ, Czubryt MP, Miller DW, Dolinsky VW, Mansuy-Aubert V, Fernyhough P. CEBPβ regulation of endogenous IGF-1 in adult sensory neurons can be mobilized to overcome diabetes-induced deficits in bioenergetics and axonal outgrowth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:193. [PMID: 35298717 PMCID: PMC8930798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling has been proposed as a contributing factor to the development of neurodegenerative disorders including diabetic neuropathy, and delivery of exogenous IGF-1 has been explored as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 in neuroprotection has not been well established. We therefore used in vitro cell culture systems and animal models of diabetic neuropathy to characterize endogenous IGF-1 in sensory neurons and determine the factors regulating IGF-1 expression and/or affecting neuronal health. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and in situ hybridization analyses revealed high expression of endogenous IGF-1 in non-peptidergic neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Brain cortex and DRG had higher IGF-1 gene expression than sciatic nerve. Bidirectional transport of IGF-1 along sensory nerves was observed. Despite no difference in IGF-1 receptor levels, IGF-1 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in liver and DRG from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, mice on a high-fat/ high-sugar diet and db/db type 2 diabetic mice. Hyperglycemia suppressed IGF-1 gene expression in cultured DRG neurons and this was reversed by exogenous IGF-1 or the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil. Transcription factors, such as NFAT1 and CEBPβ, were also less enriched at the IGF-1 promoter in DRG from diabetic rats vs control rats. CEBPβ overexpression promoted neurite outgrowth and mitochondrial respiration, both of which were blunted by knocking down or blocking IGF-1. Suppression of endogenous IGF-1 in diabetes may contribute to neuropathy and its upregulation at the transcriptional level by CEBPβ can be a promising therapeutic approach.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Axons/drug effects
- Axons/metabolism
- Axons/pathology
- Base Sequence
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycolysis/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Neuronal Outgrowth/drug effects
- Polymers/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Dept of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evan Gauvin
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Raiza Bonomo
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Vinith Yathindranath
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darrell R Smith
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Meaghan J Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexual Dimorphism of Early Transcriptional Reprogramming in Dorsal Root Ganglia After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:779024. [PMID: 34966260 PMCID: PMC8710713 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.779024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of first-order neurons and auxiliary cells of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that onset and mechanistic principles of post-nerve injury processes are sexually dimorphic. We examined largely understudied aspects of early transcriptional events in DRG within 24 h after sciatic nerve axotomy in mice of both sexes. Using high-depth RNA sequencing (>50 million reads/sample) to pinpoint sexually dimorphic changes related to regeneration, immune response, bioenergy, and sensory functions, we identified a higher number of transcriptional changes in male relative to female DRG. In males, the decline in ion channel transcripts was accompanied by the induction of innate immune cascades via TLR, chemokine, and Csf1-receptor axis and robust regenerative programs driven by Sox, Twist1/2, and Pax5/9 transcription factors. Females demonstrated nerve injury-specific transcriptional co-activation of the actinin 2 network. The predicted upstream regulators and interactive networks highlighted the role of novel epigenetic factors and genetic linkage to sex chromosomes as hallmarks of gene regulation post-axotomy. We implicated epigenetic X chromosome inactivation in the regulation of immune response activity uniquely in females. Sexually dimorphic regulation of MMP/ADAMTS metalloproteinases and their intrinsic X-linked regulator Timp1 contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling integrated with pro-regenerative and immune functions. Lexis1 non-coding RNA involved in LXR-mediated lipid metabolism was identified as a novel nerve injury marker. Together, our data identified unique early response triggers of sex-specific peripheral nerve injury regulation to gain mechanistic insights into the origin of female- and male-prevalent sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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9
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Cai M, Shao J, Wang Y, Yung B, Li JN, Zhang HH, Li YT, Yao DB. Claudin 14/15 play important roles in early wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury. Chin J Traumatol 2021; 24:374-382. [PMID: 33903003 PMCID: PMC8606600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an antegrade degenerative process distal to peripheral nerve injury. Numerous genes are differentially regulated in response to the process. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear, especially the early response. We aimed at investigating the effects of sciatic nerve injury on WD via CLDN 14/15 interactions in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Using the methods of molecular biology and bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which claudin 14/15 participate in WD. Our previous study showed that claudins 14 and 15 trigger the early signal flow and pathway in damaged sciatic nerves. Here, we report the effects of the interaction between claudin 14 and claudin 15 on nerve degeneration and regeneration during early WD. RESULTS It was found that claudin 14/15 were upregulated in the sciatic nerve in WD. Claudin 14/15 promoted Schwann cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis in vitro. PKCα, NT3, NF2, and bFGF were significantly upregulated in transfected Schwann cells. Moreover, the expression levels of the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK signaling pathways were also significantly altered. CONCLUSION Claudin 14/15 affect Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis via the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK pathways in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the tight junction signaling pathway underlying peripheral nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bryant Yung
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Nan Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Deng-Bing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Nascimento GC, De Paula BB, Gerlach RF, Leite-Panissi CRA. Temporomandibular inflammation regulates the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in limbic structures. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6571-6580. [PMID: 33611790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is characterized by acute or chronic orofacial pain, which can be associated with inflammatory processes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and emotional disorders. Peripheral and central sensitization in painful orofacial processes is common, and it can be triggered by peripheral inflammatory challenge with consequent neuroinflammation phenomena. Such neuroinflammation comes from inflammatory products from supportive cells, blood-brain barrier, and extracellular matrix. Here, we evaluated the possible recruitment of limbic structures for modified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression and activity during temporomandibular inflammation-induced orofacial persistent pain. The inflammatory process in TMJs of rats was induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA) administration. The activity and expression of MMPs-2 and 9 were assessed by in situ zymography and conventional zymography, respectively. A glial colocalization with the MMPs was performed using immunofluorescence. The results evidenced both short- and long-term alterations on MMP-2 and -9 expression in the limbic structures following CFA-induced temporomandibular inflammation. The gelatinolytic activity was increased in the central amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus. Finally, an increase of colocalization of MMP-2/GFAP and MMP-9/GFAP in CFA-induced inflammation groups was observed when compared with saline groups in the central amygdala and vlPAG. It is possible to suggest that glial activation is partly responsible for the production of gelatinases in the persistent orofacial pain, and it is involved in the initiation and maintenance of this process, indicating that inhibition of MMPs might be pursued as a potential new therapeutic target for TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce C Nascimento
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna B De Paula
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu CH, Kuo YC, Wang CY, Hsu CC, Ho YJ, Chiang YC, Mai FD, Lin WJ, Liao WC. Syndecan-3 contributes to the regulation of the microenvironment at the node of Ranvier following end-to‑side neurorrhaphy: sodium image analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:355-367. [PMID: 33170350 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-3 (SDC3) and Syndecan-4 (SDC4) are distributed throughout the nervous system (NS) and are favourable factors in motor neuron development. They are also essential for regulation of neurite outgrowth in the CNS. However, their roles in the reconstruction of the nodes of Ranvier after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are still unclear. Present study used an in vivo model of end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN) for 1-3 months. The recovery of neuromuscular function was evaluated by grooming test. Expression and co-localization of SDC3, SDC4, and Nav1.6 channel (Nav1.6) at regenerating axons were detected by proximity ligation assay and confocal microscopy after ESN. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was used for imaging ions distribution on tissue. Our data showed that the re-clustering of sodium and Nav1.6 at nodal regions of the regenerating nerve corresponded to the distribution of SDC3 after ESN. Furthermore, the re-establishment of sodium and Nav1.6 correlated with the recovery of muscle power 3 months after ESN. This study suggested syndecans may involve in stabilizing Nav1.6 and further modulate the distribution of sodium at nodal regions after remyelination. The efficiency of sodium re-clustering was improved by the assistance of anionic syndecan, resulting in a better functional repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Mai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jhih Lin
- Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, 56 Shu-Jen Road, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, 33304, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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Wang B, Li Q, Wang J, Zhao S, Nashun B, Qin L, Chen X. Plasmodium infection inhibits tumor angiogenesis through effects on tumor-associated macrophages in a murine implanted hepatoma model. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:157. [PMID: 32972437 PMCID: PMC7513281 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in China. The lack of an effective treatment for this disease results in a high recurrence rate in patients who undergo radical tumor resection, and the 5-year survival rate of these patients remains low. Our previous studies demonstrated that Plasmodium infection provides a potent antitumor effect by inducing innate and adaptive immunity in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model. Methods This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Plasmodium infection on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice, and various techniques for gene expression analysis were used to identify possible signal regulation mechanisms. Results We found that Plasmodium infection efficiently inhibited tumor progression and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice, which served as a murine implanted hepatoma model. The inhibition of tumor progression by Plasmodium infection was related to suppression of tumor angiogenesis within the tumor tissue and decreased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Further study demonstrated that matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) produced by TAMs contributed to tumor angiogenesis in the tumor tissue and that the parasite-induced reduction in MMP-9 expression in TAMs resulted in the suppression of tumor angiogenesis. A mechanistic study revealed that the Plasmodium-derived hemozoin (HZ) that accumulated in TAMs inhibited IGF-1 signaling through the PI3-K and MAPK signaling pathways and thereby decreased the expression of MMP-9 in TAMs. Conclusions Our study suggests that this novel approach of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis by Plasmodium infection is of high importance for the development of new therapies for cancer patients. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qinyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Bayaer Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Yao Y, Wang C. Dedifferentiation: inspiration for devising engineering strategies for regenerative medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32821434 PMCID: PMC7395755 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dedifferentiation is the process by which cells grow reversely from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage. This extraordinary phenomenon, observed in many physiological processes, inspires the possibility of developing new therapeutic approaches to regenerate damaged tissue and organs. Meanwhile, studies also indicate that dedifferentiation can cause pathological changes. In this review, we compile the literature describing recent advances in research on dedifferentiation, with an emphasis on tissue-specific findings, cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications from an engineering perspective. A critical understanding of such knowledge may provide fresh insights for designing new therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine based on the principle of cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Silva NJ, Nagashima M, Li J, Kakuk‐Atkins L, Ashrafzadeh M, Hyde DR, Hitchcock PF. Inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9) regulate photoreceptor regeneration in adult zebrafish. Glia 2020; 68:1445-1465. [PMID: 32034934 PMCID: PMC7317489 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury activates complex inflammatory signals in dying neurons, surviving neurons, and glia. Here, we establish that inflammation regulates the regeneration of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina and determine the cellular expression and function of the inflammatory protease, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9), during this regenerative neurogenesis. Following photoreceptor ablation, anti-inflammatory treatment suppresses the number of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors. Upon photoreceptor injury, mmp-9 is induced in Müller glia and Müller glia-derived photoreceptor progenitors. Deleting mmp-9 results in over production of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors, but over time the absence of Mmp-9 compromises the survival of the regenerated cones. At all time-points studied, the levels of tnf-α are significantly elevated in mutant retinas. Anti-inflammatory treatment in mutants rescues the defects in cone survival. These data provide a link between injury-induced inflammation in the vertebrate CNS, Mmp-9 function during neuronal regeneration and the requirement of Mmp-9 for the survival of regenerated cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Silva
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Mikiko Nagashima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Jingling Li
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
| | - Laura Kakuk‐Atkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Milad Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - David R. Hyde
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
| | - Peter F. Hitchcock
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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Fang X, Deng J, Zhang W, Guo H, Yu F, Rao F, Li Q, Zhang P, Bai S, Jiang B. Conductive conduit small gap tubulization for peripheral nerve repair. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16769-16775. [PMID: 35498832 PMCID: PMC9053044 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical techniques, functional recovery following epineurial neurorrhaphy of transected peripheral nerves often remains quite unsatisfactory. Small gap tubulisation is a promising approach that has shown potential to traditional epineurial neurorrhaphy in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate sciatic nerve regeneration after nerve transection, followed by small gap tubulization using a reduced graphene oxide-based conductive conduit. In vitro, the electrically conductive conduit could promote Schwann cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. In vivo, the results of electrophysiological and walking track analysis suggest that the electrically conductive conduit could promote sensory and motor nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which is based on the mechanisms of selective regeneration and multiple-bud regeneration. These promising results illustrate electrically conductive conduit small gap tubulization as an alternative approach for transected peripheral nerve repair. rGO-based conductive nerve conduit as a scaffold to bridge peripheral nerve transected injury and 2 mm gap provides a suitable microenvironment for axons selective regeneration.![]()
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Sowa Y, Kishida T, Tomita K, Adachi T, Numajiri T, Mazda O. Involvement of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 in Activation of Human Schwann Cells by Platelet-Rich Plasma. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:1025e-1036e. [PMID: 31764650 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma contains high concentrations of growth factors that stimulate proliferation and migration of various cell types. Earlier experiments demonstrated that local platelet-rich plasma administration activates Schwann cells to improve axonal regeneration at a transected peripheral nerve lesion. However, the optimal concentration of human platelet-rich plasma for activation of human Schwann cells has not been determined, and mechanisms by which platelet-rich plasma activates Schwann cells remain to be clarified. METHODS Human Schwann cells were cultured with various concentrations of platelet-rich plasma in 5% fetal bovine serum/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Cell viability, microchemotaxis, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to assess proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and neurotrophic factor expression of the human Schwann cells, respectively. Human Schwann cells were co-cultured with neuronal cells to assess their capacity to induce neurite extension. Neutralizing antibodies for platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were added to the culture to estimate contribution of these cytokines to human Schwann cell stimulation by platelet-rich plasma. RESULTS An addition of platelet-rich plasma at 5% strongly elevated proliferation, migration, and neurotrophic factor production of human Schwann cells. Both PDGF-BB and IGF-1 may be involved in mitogenic effect of platelet-rich plasma on human Schwann cells, and PDGF-BB may also play an important role in the migration-inducing effect of platelet-rich plasma. Neutralization of both PDGF-BB and IGF-1 cancelled the promoting effect of platelet-rich plasma on neurite-inducing activity of human Schwann cells. CONCLUSION This study may suggest the optimal concentration of platelet-rich plasma for human Schwann cell stimulation and potential mechanisms underlying the activation of human Schwann cells by platelet-rich plasma, which may be quite useful for platelet-rich plasma therapy for peripheral nerve regeneration. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sowa
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Koichi Tomita
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Toshiaki Numajiri
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Osam Mazda
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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Dos Reis CA, de Miranda Soares MA, Gomes JR. Expression of the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the rat small intestine during intrauterine and postnatal life. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2839-2846. [PMID: 31680487 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 have been described during the development, as an example in heart and tooth but not in the small intestine yet. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the small intestine of Wistar rats during intrauterine (IU) and postnatal (PN) life. Expressions were determined on the 15th and 18th days of IU life and the 3rd, 10th, 17th, 25th, and 32nd days of PN life. Intestinal samples obtained from six animals were submitted to zymography, immunohistochemistry, and staining with Masson's trichrome. The results showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not expressed during IU life; however, after birth, MMP-9 was immunolocalized in the goblet and mast cells. In conclusion, our results showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not expressed in absorptive epithelial cells during the IU period of the small intestine but after birth, MMP-9 was expressed in the goblet cells, and mast cells present in the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Audrey Dos Reis
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - José Rosa Gomes
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Liu SY, Liu SZ, Li Y, Chen S. Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Facilitates the Growth of Interspinal Schwannoma Cells by Activating NGF Receptors. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 62:626-634. [PMID: 31527385 PMCID: PMC6835149 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family and plays a vital role in the physiological processes of organisms, especially in the nervous system. Many recent studies have reported that NGF is also involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth, which depends on the location and type of tumor. However, little is known regarding the effect of NGF on interspinal schwannoma (IS). In the present study, we aimed to explored whether mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF), which is widely used in the clinic, can influence the growth of interspinal schwannoma cells (ISCs) isolated from IS in vitro. Methods ISCs were isolated, cultured and identified by S-100 with immunofluorescence analysis. S-100-positive cells were divided into five groups, and separately cultured with various concentrations of mNGF (0 [phosphate buffered saline, PBS], 40, 80, 160, and 320 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Western blot and quantantive real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied to detect tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in each group. Crystal violet staining was selected to assess the effect of mNGF (160 ng/mL) on ISCs growth.
Results ISCs growth was enhanced by mNGF in a dose-dependent manner. The result of crystal violet staining revealed that it was significantly strengthened the cells growth kinetics when cultured with 160 ng/mL mNGF compared to PBS group. Western blot and quantantive real time PCR discovered that TrkA receptor and mRNA expression were both up-regualated under the condition of mNGF, expecially in 160 ng/mL, while the exoression of p75NTR demonstrated no difference among groups.
Conclusion From these data, we conclude that exogenous mNGF can facilitate ISC growth by activating both TrkA receptor and p75NTR. In addition, patients who are suffering from IS should not be administered mNGF in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Ze Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
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Lopez-Font I, Sogorb-Esteve A, Javier-Torrent M, Brinkmalm G, Herrando-Grabulosa M, García-Lareu B, Turon-Sans J, Rojas-García R, Lleó A, Saura CA, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Bosch A, Navarro X, Sáez-Valero J. Decreased circulating ErbB4 ectodomain fragments as a read-out of impaired signaling function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:428-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Aghanoori MR, Smith DR, Shariati-Ievari S, Ajisebutu A, Nguyen A, Desmond F, Jesus CHA, Zhou X, Calcutt NA, Aliani M, Fernyhough P. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activates AMPK to augment mitochondrial function and correct neuronal metabolism in sensory neurons in type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 20:149-165. [PMID: 30545741 PMCID: PMC6358538 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) affects approximately half of diabetic patients leading to significant morbidity. There is impaired neurotrophic growth factor signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and mitochondrial function in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that sub-optimal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in diabetes drives loss of AMPK activity and mitochondrial function, both contributing to development of DSPN. METHODS Age-matched control Sprague-Dawley rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats with/without IGF-1 therapy were used for in vivo studies. For in vitro studies, DRG neurons from control and STZ-diabetic rats were cultured and treated with/without IGF-1 in the presence or absence of inhibitors or siRNAs. RESULTS Dysregulation of mRNAs for IGF-1, AMPKα2, ATP5a1 (subunit of ATPase), and PGC-1β occurred in DRG of diabetic vs. control rats. IGF-1 up-regulated mRNA levels of these genes in cultured DRGs from control or diabetic rats. IGF-1 treatment of DRG cultures significantly (P < 0.05) increased phosphorylation of Akt, P70S6K, AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Mitochondrial gene expression and oxygen consumption rate (spare respiratory capacity), ATP production, mtDNA/nDNA ratio and neurite outgrowth were augmented (P < 0.05). AMPK inhibitor, Compound C, or AMPKα1-specific siRNA suppressed IGF-1 elevation of mitochondrial function, mtDNA and neurite outgrowth. Diabetic rats treated with IGF-1 exhibited reversal of thermal hypoalgesia and, in a separate study, reversed the deficit in corneal nerve profiles. In diabetic rats, IGF-1 elevated the levels of AMPK and P70S6K phosphorylation, raised Complex IV-MTCO1 and Complex V-ATP5a protein expression, and restored the enzyme activities of Complex IV and I in the DRG. IGF-1 prevented TCA metabolite build-up in nerve. CONCLUSIONS In DRG neuron cultures IGF-1 signals via AMPK to elevate mitochondrial function and drive axonal outgrowth. We propose that this signaling axis mediates IGF-1-dependent protection from distal dying-back of fibers in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darrell R Smith
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shiva Shariati-Ievari
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrew Ajisebutu
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Annee Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Desmond
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos H A Jesus
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiajun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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A Dual Noradrenergic Mechanism for the Relief of Neuropathic Allodynia by the Antidepressant Drugs Duloxetine and Amitriptyline. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9934-9954. [PMID: 30249798 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1004-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to treating depression, antidepressant drugs are also a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain, which is pain secondary to lesion or pathology of the nervous system. Despite the widespread use of these drugs, the mechanism underlying their therapeutic action in this pain context remains partly elusive. The present study combined data collected in male and female mice from a model of neuropathic pain and data from the clinical setting to understand how antidepressant drugs act. We show two distinct mechanisms by which the selective inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake duloxetine and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline relieve neuropathic allodynia. One of these mechanisms is acute, central, and requires descending noradrenergic inhibitory controls and α2A adrenoceptors, as well as the mu and delta opioid receptors. The second mechanism is delayed, peripheral, and requires noradrenaline from peripheral sympathetic endings and β2 adrenoceptors, as well as the delta opioid receptors. We then conducted a transcriptomic analysis in dorsal root ganglia, which suggested that the peripheral component of duloxetine action involves the inhibition of neuroimmune mechanisms accompanying nerve injury, including the downregulation of the TNF-α-NF-κB signaling pathway. Accordingly, immunotherapies against either TNF-α or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) provided allodynia relief. We also compared duloxetine plasma levels in the animal model and in patients and we observed that patients' drug concentrations were compatible with those measured in animals under chronic treatment involving the peripheral mechanism. Our study highlights a peripheral neuroimmune component of antidepressant drugs that is relevant to their delayed therapeutic action against neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In addition to treating depression, antidepressant drugs are also a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain, which is pain secondary to lesion or pathology of the nervous system. However, the mechanism by which antidepressant drugs can relieve neuropathic pain remained in part elusive. Indeed, preclinical studies led to contradictions concerning the anatomical and molecular substrates of this action. In the present work, we overcame these apparent contradictions by highlighting the existence of two independent mechanisms. One is rapid and centrally mediated by descending controls from the brain to the spinal cord and the other is delayed, peripheral, and relies on the anti-neuroimmune action of chronic antidepressant treatment.
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Pioglitazone's beneficial effects on erectile function preservation after cavernosal nerve injury in the rat are negated by inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor: a preclinical study. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:1-8. [PMID: 30072768 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To determine if the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway is involved in the improvement in erectile function recovery in rats after nerve crush injury treated with pioglitazone (Pio). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The first group received sham operation (n = 5). The second group underwent bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI, n = 7). The third group received BCNI and Pio treatment (BCNI + Pio, n = 7), whereas the fourth group underwent BCNI with Pio treatment and IGF-1 inhibition (BCNI + Pio + JB-1, n = 7). The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was inhibited by JB-1, a small molecular antagonist of the receptor. After 14 days of treatment, erectile function was measured via intracorporal pressure normalized to mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) and the major pelvic ganglion and cavernous nerve harvested for western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of phosphorylated-IGF-1Rβ (p-IGF-1Rβ), phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and neuronal NOS (nNOS). BCNI + Pio animals exhibited improvements in ICP/MAP, similar to Sham animals, and BCNI + Pio + JB-1 rats demonstrated a reduced ICP/MAP similar to BCNI-only rats at all measured voltages. Western blot results showed upregulation of p-IGF-1Rβ was observed in the BCNI + Pio group. Low levels of p-ERK1/2 were seen in the JB-1-treated animals. The immunoblot results were supported by IHC findings. Intense IHC staining of nNOS was detected in the BCNI + Pio group. The group treated with JB-1 showed minimal protein expression of p-ERK1/2, nNOS, and p-IGF-1Rβ. Pio improves erectile function in rats undergoing BCNI via an IGF-1-mediated pathway.
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Remacle AG, Dolkas J, Angert M, Hullugundi SK, Chernov AV, Jones RCW, Shubayev VI, Strongin AY. A sensitive and selective ELISA methodology quantifies a demyelination marker in experimental and clinical samples. J Immunol Methods 2018; 455:80-87. [PMID: 29428829 PMCID: PMC5886741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rodents produces nerve demyelination via proteolysis of myelin basic protein (MBP), the major component of myelin sheath. Proteolysis releases the cryptic MBP epitope, a demyelination marker, which is hidden in the native MBP fold. It has never been established if the proteolytic release of this cryptic MBP autoantigen stimulates the post-injury increase in the respective circulating autoantibodies. To measure these autoantibodies, we developed the ELISA that employed the cryptic 84-104 MBP sequence (MBP84-104) as bait. This allowed us, for the first time, to quantify the circulating anti-MBP84-104 autoantibodies in rat serum post-CCI. The circulating IgM (but not IgG) autoantibodies were detectable as soon as day 7 post-CCI. The IgM autoantibody level continually increased between days 7 and 28 post-injury. Using the rat serum samples, we established that the ELISA intra-assay (precision) and inter-assay (repeatability) variability parameters were 2.87% and 4.58%, respectively. We also demonstrated the ELISA specificity by recording the autoantibodies to the liberated MBP84-104 epitope alone, but not to intact MBP in which the 84-104 region is hidden. Because the 84-104 sequence is conserved among mammals, we tested if the ELISA was applicable to detect demyelination and quantify the respective autoantibodies in humans. Our limited pilot study that involved 16 female multiple sclerosis and fibromyalgia syndrome patients demonstrated that the ELISA was efficient in measuring both the circulating IgG- and IgM-type autoantibodies in patients exhibiting demyelination. We believe that the ELISA measurements of the circulating autoantibodies against the pathogenic MBP84-104 peptide may facilitate the identification of demyelination in both experimental and clinical settings. In clinic, these measurements may assist neurologists to recognize patients with painful neuropathy and demyelinating diseases, and as a result, to personalize their treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert G Remacle
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Swathi K Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrei V Chernov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Carter W Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Remacle AG, Hullugundi SK, Dolkas J, Angert M, Chernov AV, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. Acute- and late-phase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity is comparable in female and male rats after peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 29558999 PMCID: PMC5859418 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the peripheral nerve, pro-inflammatory matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 performs essential functions in the acute response to injury. Whether MMP-9 activity contributes to late-phase injury or whether MMP-9 expression or activity after nerve injury is sexually dimorphic remains unknown. METHODS Patterns of MMP-9 expression, activity and excretion were assessed in a model of painful peripheral neuropathy, sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI), in female and male rats. Real-time Taqman RT-PCR for MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) of nerve samples over a 2-month time course of CCI was followed by gelatin zymography of crude nerve extracts and purified MMP-9 from the extracts using gelatin Sepharose-beads. MMP excretion was determined using protease activity assay of urine in female and male rats with CCI. RESULTS The initial upsurge in nerve MMP-9 expression at day 1 post-CCI was superseded more than 100-fold at day 28 post-CCI. The high level of MMP-9 expression in late-phase nerve injury was accompanied by the reduction in TIMP-1 level. The absence of MMP-9 in the normal nerve and the presence of multiple MMP-9 species (the proenzyme, mature enzyme, homodimers, and heterodimers) was observed at day 1 and day 28 post-CCI. The MMP-9 proenzyme and mature enzyme species dominated in the early- and late-phase nerve injury, consistent with the high and low level of TIMP-1 expression, respectively. The elevated nerve MMP-9 levels corresponded to the elevated urinary MMP excretion post-CCI. All of these findings were comparable in female and male rodents. CONCLUSION The present study offers the first evidence for the excessive, uninhibited proteolytic MMP-9 activity during late-phase painful peripheral neuropathy and suggests that the pattern of MMP-9 expression, activity, and excretion after peripheral nerve injury is universal in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert G Remacle
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Swathi K Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrei V Chernov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA. .,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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Bendella H, Rink S, Grosheva M, Sarikcioglu L, Gordon T, Angelov DN. Putative roles of soluble trophic factors in facial nerve regeneration, target reinnervation, and recovery of vibrissal whisking. Exp Neurol 2017; 300:100-110. [PMID: 29104116 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that, after nerve transection and surgical repair, misdirected regrowth of regenerating motor axons may occur in three ways. The first way is that the axons enter into endoneurial tubes that they did not previously occupy, regenerate through incorrect fascicles and reinnervate muscles that they did not formerly supply. Consequently the activation of these muscles results in inappropriate movements. The second way is that, in contrast with the precise target-directed pathfinding by elongating motor nerves during embryonic development, several axons rather than a single axon grow out from each transected nerve fiber. The third way of misdirection occurs by the intramuscular terminal branching (sprouting) of each regenerating axon to culminate in some polyinnervation of neuromuscular junctions, i.e. reinnervation of junctions by more than a single axon. Presently, "fascicular" or "topographic specificity" cannot be achieved and hence target-directed nerve regeneration is, as yet, unattainable. Nonetheless, motor and sensory reinnervation of appropriate endoneurial tubes does occur and can be promoted by brief nerve electrical stimulation. This review considers the expression of neurotrophic factors in the neuromuscular system and how this expression can promote functional recovery, with emphasis on the whisking of vibrissae on the rat face in relationship to the expression of the factors. Evidence is reviewed for a role of neurotrophic factors as short-range diffusible sprouting stimuli in promoting complete functional recovery of vibrissal whisking in blind Sprague Dawley (SD)/RCS rats but not in SD rats with normal vision, after facial nerve transection and surgical repair. Briefly, a complicated time course of growth factor expression in the nerves and denervated muscles include (1) an early increase in FGF2 and IGF2, (2) reduced NGF between 2 and 14days after nerve transection and surgical repair, (3) a late rise in BDNF and (4) reduced IGF1 protein in the denervated muscles at 28days. These findings suggest that recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury is due, at least in part, to a complex regulation of nerve injury-associated neurotrophic factors and cytokines at the neuromuscular junctions of denervated muscles. In particular, the increase of FGF2 and concomittant decrease of NGF during the first week after facial nerve-nerve anastomosis in SD/RCS blind rats may prevent intramuscular axon sprouting and, in turn, reduce poly-innervation of the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Rink
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Levin M, Udi Y, Solomonov I, Sagi I. Next generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors - Novel strategies bring new prospects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28636874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic proteolysis of cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tissue homeostasis and cell signaling. These proteolytic activities are mediated predominantly by a family of proteases termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The growing evidence in recent years that ECM and non-ECM bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, on top of matrikines and matricryptins) have versatile functions redefines our view on the roles matrix remodeling enzymes play in many physiological and pathological processes, and underscores the notion that ECM proteolytic reaction mechanisms represent master switches in the regulation of critical biological processes and govern cell behavior. Accordingly, MMPs are not only responsible for direct degradation of ECM molecules but are also key modulators of cardinal bioactive factors. Many attempts were made to manipulate ECM degradation by targeting MMPs using small peptidic and organic inhibitors. However, due to the high structural homology shared by these enzymes, the majority of the developed compounds are broad-spectrum inhibitors affecting the proteolytic activity of various MMPs and other zinc-related proteases. These inhibitors, in many cases, failed as therapeutic agents, mainly due to the bilateral role of MMPs in pathological conditions such as cancer, in which MMPs have both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Despite the important role of MMPs in many human diseases, none of the broad-range synthetic MMP inhibitors that were designed have successfully passed clinical trials. It appears that, designing highly selective MMP inhibitors that are also effective in vivo, is not trivial. The challenges related to designing selective and effective metalloprotease inhibitors, are associated in part with the aforesaid high structural homology and the dynamic nature of their protein scaffolds. Great progress was achieved in the last decade in understanding the biochemistry and biology of MMPs activity. This knowledge, combined with lessons from the past has drawn new "boundaries" for the development of the next-generation MMP inhibitors. These novel agents are currently designed to be highly specific, capable to discriminate between the homologous MMPs and ideally administered as a short-term topical treatment. In this review we discuss the latest progress in the fields of MMP inhibitors in terms of structure, function and their specific activity. The development of novel highly specific inhibitors targeting MMPs paves the path to study complex biological processes associated with ECM proteolysis in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Levin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Udi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Hong S, Remacle AG, Shiryaev SA, Choi W, Hullugundi SK, Dolkas J, Angert M, Nishihara T, Yaksh TL, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. Reciprocal relationship between membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase and the algesic peptides of myelin basic protein contributes to chronic neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:282-292. [PMID: 27833045 PMCID: PMC5214638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an auto-antigen able to induce intractable pain from innocuous mechanical stimulation (mechanical allodynia). The mechanisms provoking this algesic MBP activity remain obscure. Our present study demonstrates that membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) releases the algesic MBP peptides from the damaged myelin, which then reciprocally enhance the expression of MT1-MMP in nerve to sustain a state of allodynia. Specifically, MT1-MMP expression and activity in rat sciatic nerve gradually increased starting at day 3 after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Inhibition of the MT1-MMP activity by intraneural injection of the function-blocking human DX2400 monoclonal antibody at day 3 post-CCI reduced mechanical allodynia and neuropathological signs of Wallerian degeneration, including axon demyelination, degeneration, edema and formation of myelin ovoids. Consistent with its role in allodynia, the MT1-MMP proteolysis of MBP generated the MBP69-86-containing epitope sequences in vitro. In agreement, the DX2400 therapy reduced the release of the MBP69-86 epitope in CCI nerve. Finally, intraneural injection of the algesic MBP69-86 and control MBP2-18 peptides differentially induced MT1-MMP and MMP-2 expression in the nerve. With these data we offer a novel, self-sustaining mechanism of persistent allodynia via the positive feedback loop between MT1-MMP and the algesic MBP peptides. Accordingly, short-term inhibition of MT1-MMP activity presents a feasible pharmacological approach to intervene in this molecular circuit and the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Albert G Remacle
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergei A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Swathi K Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lei L, Tang L. Schwann cells genetically modified to express S100A4 increases GAP43 expression in spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. Bioengineered 2016; 8:404-410. [PMID: 27669149 PMCID: PMC5553331 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1238534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) have been reported as a possible source of neurotrophic support for spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). This study was aimed to investigate whether S100A4 was contributed in the functional effects of SCs on SGNs. SCs were transfected with S100A4 vector or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against S100A4, and the transfection efficiency was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. The migration of transfected SCs was determined by Transwell assay, and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor precursor (VEGF) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by Western blot. Co-culture of either S100A4 overexpressed or suppressed SCs with SGNs, and the growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) expression in SGNs was detected by immunofluorescence (IF), qPCR and Western blot. The migration of SCs was significantly enhanced by S100A4 overexpression (P < 0.001), while was suppressed by S100A4 knockdown (P < 0.01). Further, the expressions of VEGF and MMP-9 were notably up-regulated by S100A4 overexpression, while were down-regulated by S100A4 knockdown. Moreover, co-culture with the S100A4 overexpressed SCs significantly increased the expression of GAP43 in SGNs (P < 0.01). As expected, co-culture with S100A4 knockdown SCs decreased GAP43 level (P < 0.05). S100A4 enhanced the migratory ability of SCs. SCs genetically modified to overexpress the S100A4 could up-regulate the GAP43 expression in SGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Li Tang
- b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Heze Municipal Hospital of Shangdong Province , Heze , Shandong , China
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The multifaceted role of metalloproteinases in physiological and pathological conditions in embryonic and adult brains. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 155:36-56. [PMID: 27530222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of ubiquitous extracellular endopeptidases, which play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, from the embryonic stages throughout adult life. Their extraordinary physiological "success" is due to concomitant broad substrate specificities and strict regulation of their expression, activation and inhibition levels. In recent years, MMPs have gained increasing attention as significant effectors in various aspects of central nervous system (CNS) physiology. Most importantly, they have been recognized as main players in a variety of brain disorders having different etiologies and evolution. A common aspect of these pathologies is the development of acute or chronic neuroinflammation. MMPs play an integral part in determining the result of neuroinflammation, in some cases turning its beneficial outcome into a harmful one. This review summarizes the most relevant studies concerning the physiology of MMPs, highlighting their involvement in both the developing and mature CNS, in long-lasting and acute brain diseases and, finally, in nervous system repair. Recently, a concerted effort has been made in identifying therapeutic strategies for major brain diseases by targeting MMP activities. However, from this revision of the literature appears clear that MMPs have multifaceted functional characteristics, which modulate physiological processes in multiple ways and with multiple consequences. Therefore, when choosing MMPs as possible targets, great care must be taken to evaluate the delicate balance between their activation and inhibition and to determine at which stage of the disease and at what level they become active in order maximize chances of success.
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30
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Grosheva M, Nohroudi K, Schwarz A, Rink S, Bendella H, Sarikcioglu L, Klimaschewski L, Gordon T, Angelov DN. Comparison of trophic factors' expression between paralyzed and recovering muscles after facial nerve injury. A quantitative analysis in time course. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:137-148. [PMID: 26940083 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, recovery of motor performance negatively correlates with the poly-innervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) due to excessive sprouting of the terminal Schwann cells. Denervated muscles produce short-range diffusible sprouting stimuli, of which some are neurotrophic factors. Based on recent data that vibrissal whisking is restored perfectly during facial nerve regeneration in blind rats from the Sprague Dawley (SD)/RCS strain, we compared the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), insulin growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) and nerve growth factor (NGF) between SD/RCS and SD-rats with normal vision but poor recovery of whisking function after facial nerve injury. To establish which trophic factors might be responsible for proper NMJ-reinnervation, the transected facial nerve was surgically repaired (facial-facial anastomosis, FFA) for subsequent analysis of mRNA and proteins expressed in the levator labii superioris muscle. A complicated time course of expression included (1) a late rise in BDNF protein that followed earlier elevated gene expression, (2) an early increase in FGF2 and IGF2 protein after 2 days with sustained gene expression, (3) reduced IGF1 protein at 28 days coincident with decline of raised mRNA levels to baseline, and (4) reduced NGF protein between 2 and 14 days with maintained gene expression found in blind rats but not the rats with normal vision. These findings suggest that recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury is due, at least in part, to a complex regulation of lesion-associated neurotrophic factors and cytokines in denervated muscles. The increase of FGF-2 protein and concomittant decrease of NGF (with no significant changes in BDNF or IGF levels) during the first week following FFA in SD/RCS blind rats possibly prevents the distal branching of regenerating axons resulting in reduced poly-innervation of motor endplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alisa Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Rink
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Habib Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Merheim, University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Division of Neuroanatomy Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Schwann Cell and Axon: An Interlaced Unit—From Action Potential to Phenotype Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 949:183-201. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang FF, Morioka N, Harano S, Nakamura Y, Liu K, Nishibori M, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Perineural expression of high-mobility group box-1 contributes to long-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity via matrix metalloprotease-9 up-regulation in mice with painful peripheral neuropathy. J Neurochem 2015; 136:837-850. [PMID: 26578177 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been shown to be critical in the modulation of nociceptive transduction following a peripheral neuropathy. However, the precise role of peripherally expressed HMGB1 in neuropathic pain has yet to be fully elaborated. Following a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in mice, a persistent ipsilateral up-regulation of HMGB1 was observed from 3 to 21 days after PSNL, in paralleled with a robust ipsilateral hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity. Increased HMGB1 was detected in both infiltrating macrophages and proliferating Schwann cells in the ipsilateral nerve 14 days following PSNL. Repeated perineural treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody significantly ameliorated PSNL-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Several pronociceptive molecules, including matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2, were up-regulated in injured sciatic nerve 14 days following PSNL. Repeated perineural treatment with an anti-HMGB1 antibody significantly suppressed expression of MMP-9, but not other pronociceptive molecules. Perineural treatment with a selective MMP-9 inhibitor ameliorated PSNL-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. The current findings demonstrate that the maintenance of the neuropathic state following an injured nerve is dependent on the up-regulation of HMGB1 and MMP-9. Thus, blocking HMGB1 function in sciatic nerve could be a potent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Increased peripheral high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is involved in the modulation of nociceptive transduction following a peripheral neuropathy. Following nerve injury in mice, increased HMGB1 is detected in both infiltrating macrophages and proliferating Schwann cells in the ipsilateral nerve. Repeated perineural treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody significantly ameliorates nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and suppresses expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9). The findings demonstrate that the maintenance of the neuropathic state following an injury nerve is dependent on the up-regulation of HMGB1 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sakura Harano
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Pasten C, Cerda J, Jausoro I, Court FA, Cáceres A, Marzolo MP. ApoER2 and Reelin are expressed in regenerating peripheral nerve and regulate Schwann cell migration by activating the Rac1 GEF protein, Tiam1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 69:1-11. [PMID: 26386179 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoER2 and its ligand Reelin participate in neuronal migration during development. Upon receptor binding, Reelin induces the proteolytic processing of ApoER2 as well as the activation of signaling pathway, including small Rho GTPases. Besides its presence in the central nervous system (CNS), Reelin is also secreted by Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Reelin deficient mice (reeler) show decreased axonal regeneration in the PNS; however neither the presence of ApoER2 nor the role of the Reelin signaling pathway in the PNS have been evaluated. Interestingly SC migration occurs during PNS development and during injury-induced regeneration and involves activation of small Rho GTPases. Thus, Reelin-ApoER2 might regulate SC migration during axon regeneration in the PNS. Here we demonstrate the presence of ApoER2 in PNS. After sciatic nerve injury Reelin was induced and its receptor ApoER2 was proteolytically processed. In vitro, SCs express both Reelin and ApoER2 and Reelin induces SC migration. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying Reelin-dependent SC migration, we examined the involvement of Rac1, a conspicuous small GTPase family member. FRET experiments revealed that Reelin activates Rac1 at the leading edge of SCs. In addition, Tiam1, a major Rac1-specific GEF was required for Reelin-induced SC migration. Moreover, Reelin-induced SC migration was decreased after suppression of the polarity protein PAR3, consistent with its association to Tiam1. Even more interesting, we demonstrated that PAR3 binds preferentially to the full-length cytoplasmic tail of ApoER2 corresponding to the splice-variant containing the exon 19 that encodes a proline-rich insert and that ApoER2 was required for SC migration. Our study reveals a novel function for Reelin/ApoER2 in PNS, inducing cell migration of SCs, a process relevant for PNS development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pasten
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Cerda
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Jausoro
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra (INIMEC) CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria-Paz Marzolo
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu H, Dolkas J, Hoang K, Angert M, Chernov AV, Remacle AG, Shiryaev SA, Strongin AY, Nishihara T, Shubayev VI. The alternatively spliced fibronectin CS1 isoform regulates IL-17A levels and mechanical allodynia after peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:158. [PMID: 26337825 PMCID: PMC4559385 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical pain hypersensitivity associated with physical trauma to peripheral nerve depends on T-helper (Th) cells expressing the algesic cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17A. Fibronectin (FN) isoform alternatively spliced within the IIICS region encoding the 25-residue-long connecting segment 1 (CS1) regulates T cell recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Herein, we analyzed the role of CS1-containing FN (FN-CS1) in IL-17A expression and pain after peripheral nerve damage. METHODS Mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and FN-CS1-specific immunofluorescence analyses were employed to examine FN expression after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rat sciatic nerves. The acute intra-sciatic nerve injection of the synthetic CS1 peptide (a competitive inhibitor of the FN-CS1/α4 integrin binding) was used to elucidate the functional significance of FN-CS1 in mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity and IL-17A expression (by quantitative Taqman RT-PCR) after CCI. The CS1 peptide effects were analyzed in cultured primary Schwann cells, the major source of FN-CS1 in CCI nerves. RESULTS Following CCI, FN expression in sciatic nerve increased with the dominant FN-CS1 deposition in endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and macrophages. Acute CS1 therapy attenuated mechanical allodynia (pain from innocuous stimulation) but not thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the levels of IL-17A expression in the injured nerve. CS1 peptide inhibited the LPS- or starvation-stimulated activation of the stress ERK/MAPK pathway in cultured Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS After physical trauma to the peripheral nerve, FN-CS1 contributes to mechanical pain hypersensitivity by increasing the number of IL-17A-expressing (presumably, Th17) cells. CS1 peptide therapy can be developed for pharmacological control of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Khan Hoang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Pinkernelle J, Raffa V, Calatayud MP, Goya GF, Riggio C, Keilhoff G. Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:305. [PMID: 26388717 PMCID: PMC4557102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) show new characteristics compared to the corresponding bulk material. These nanoscale properties make them interesting for various applications in biomedicine and life sciences. One field of application is the use of magnetic NPs to support regeneration in the nervous system. Drug delivery requires a functionalization of NPs with bio-functional molecules. In our study, we functionalized self-made PEI-coated iron oxide NPs with nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Next, we tested the bio-functionality of NGF in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and the bio-functionality of GDNF in an organotypic spinal cord culture. Covalent binding of NGF to PEI-NPs impaired bio-functionality of NGF, but non-covalent approach differentiated PC12 cells reliably. Non-covalent binding of GDNF showed a satisfying bio-functionality of GDNF:PEI-NPs, but turned out to be unstable in conjugation to the PEI-NPs. Taken together, our study showed the importance of assessing bio-functionality and binding stability of functionalized growth factors using proper biological models. It also shows that successful functionalization of magnetic NPs with growth factors is dependent on the used binding chemistry and that it is hardly predictable. For use as therapeutics, functionalization strategies have to be reproducible and future studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Pinkernelle
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, University of PisaPisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant' AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | - Gerado F. Goya
- Aragon Institute of Nanosciences, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of ZaragozaSpain
| | - Cristina Riggio
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant' AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
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Reinhard SM, Razak K, Ethell IM. A delicate balance: role of MMP-9 in brain development and pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:280. [PMID: 26283917 PMCID: PMC4518323 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of neural network development and plasticity. As neuronal circuits develop, the ECM stabilizes synaptic contacts, while its cleavage has both permissive and active roles in the regulation of plasticity. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a member of a large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can cleave ECM and several cell surface receptors allowing for synaptic and circuit level reorganization. It is becoming increasingly clear that the regulated activity of MMP-9 is critical for central nervous system (CNS) development. In particular, MMP-9 has a role in the development of sensory circuits during early postnatal periods, called ‘critical periods.’ MMP-9 can regulate sensory-mediated, local circuit reorganization through its ability to control synaptogenesis, axonal pathfinding and myelination. Although activity-dependent activation of MMP-9 at specific synapses plays an important role in multiple plasticity mechanisms throughout the CNS, misregulated activation of the enzyme is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Growing evidence also suggests a role for MMP-9 in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including Fragile X Syndrome. This review outlines the various actions of MMP-9 during postnatal brain development, critical for future studies exploring novel therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Reinhard
- Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Khaleel Razak
- Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Biomedical Sciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
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Chernov AV, Dolkas J, Hoang K, Angert M, Srikrishna G, Vogl T, Baranovskaya S, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. The calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 initiate the early inflammatory program in injured peripheral nerves. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11771-84. [PMID: 25792748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To shed light on the early immune response processes in severed peripheral nerves, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling and bioinformatics analyses of the proximal (P, regenerating) and distal (D, degenerating) nerve stumps on day 1 in the sciatic nerve axotomy model in rats. Multiple cell death-related pathways were activated in the degenerating D stump, whereas activation of the cytoskeletal motility and gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways was most prominent in the P stump of the axotomized nerve. Our bioinformatics analyses also identified the specific immunomodulatory genes of the chemokine, IL, TNF, MHC, immunoglobulin-binding Fc receptor, calcium-binding S100, matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, and ion channel families affected in both the P and D segments. S100a8 and S100a9 were the top up-regulated genes in both the P and D segments. Stimulation of cultured Schwann cells using the purified S100A8/A9 heterodimer recapitulated activation of the myeloid cell and phagocyte chemotactic genes and pathways, which we initially observed in injured nerves. S100A8/A9 heterodimer injection into the intact nerve stimulated macrophage infiltration. We conclude that, following peripheral nerve injury, an immediate acute immune response occurs both distal and proximal to the lesion site and that the rapid transcriptional activation of the S100a8 and S100a9 genes results in S100A8/A9 hetero- and homodimers, which stimulate the release of chemokines and cytokines by activated Schwann cells and generate the initial chemotactic gradient that guides the transmigration of hematogenous immune cells into the injured nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Khang Hoang
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mila Angert
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Geetha Srikrishna
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas Vogl
- the Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and
| | | | - Alex Y Strongin
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037,
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Li Y, Zhou GM. MMP-9 inhibition facilitates amacrine cell loss after ouabain-induced retinal damage. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:174-81. [PMID: 25752698 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common risk factor for visual impairment and blindness. Two common changes after retinal ischemia are retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and Müller glial cell (MGC)-mediated endogenous repair. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be responsible to RGC death. However, the effects of MMP-9 on the loss of other neurons and the reactivity of MGCs after retinal injury remain unclear. Ouabain, a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, was injected into the vitreous body of rat eyes to induce cell death in the inner nuclear layer (INL). MMP-9 expression and activation in the retinas were examined by gelatin zymography and immunohistochemistry. The role of MMP-9 inhibitor (MMP-9i) in ouabain-treated retinas was assessed. After ouabain injection, there was an upregulation of MMP-9 activity in the inner retinas, and the activation of MMP-9 reached a maximum at 2 day. Unexpectedly, MMP-9i enhanced the thinning of the INL, the loss of Calbindin D-28k-positive cells and Syntaxin-positive amacrine cells (ACs) in the INL and decreased levels of Calbindin D-28k protein, while leaving the outer nuclear layer (ONL) unchanged. In addition, MMP-9i led to a minor increase in the number of BrdU positive cells that did not express GS in the INL. Collectively, these results revealed that the inhibition of MMP-9 activity facilitated AC loss and promoted the generation of MGC-derived cells in ouabain-treated retinas, which indicates that treating retinal diseases with drugs that inhibit MMP-9 activity should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Min Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.
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Kim HC, Kim YS, Oh HW, Kim K, Oh SS, Kim JT, Kim BY, Lee SJ, Choe YK, Kim DH, Kim SH, Chae SW, Kim KD, Lee HG. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) acts via ERK-dependent induction of MMP9 to promote invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:519-29. [PMID: 24504172 PMCID: PMC3964226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1) is known to be aberrantly upregulated in most human solid tumors, although the functional roles of CTHRC1 in colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of CTHRC1 upregulation and its role in vivo and in vitro. The expression profile and clinical importance of CTHRC1 were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses in normal and tumor patient samples. CTHRC1 was detectable in normal tissues, but also was highly expressed in tumor specimens. CTHRC1 upregulation was significantly associated with demethylation of the CTHRC1 promoter in colon cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Clinicopathologic analyses showed that nodal status and expression of CTHRC1 (95% CI 0.999-3.984, p=0.05) were significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Promoter CpG methylation and hypermethylation status were measured by bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing analysis. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of CTHRC1 in the SW480 and HT-29 cell lines increased invasiveness, an effect mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Consistent with this, we found that knockdown of CTHRC1 attenuated ERK activation and cancer cell invasivity. These results demonstrate that CTHRC1 expression is elevated in human colon cancer cell lines and clinical specimens, and promotes cancer cell invasivity through ERK-dependent induction of MMP9 expression. Our results further suggest that high levels of CTHRC1 expression are associated with poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Kim
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Fang F, Liu CY, Zhang J, Zhu L, Qian YX, Yi J, Xiang ZH, Wang H, Jiang H. Involvement of MAPK ERK activation in upregulation of water channel protein aquaporin 1 in a mouse model of Bell's palsy. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:164-76. [PMID: 25527444 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to immunolocalize the aquaporin 1 water channel protein (AQP1) in Schwann cells of idiopathic facial nerve and explore its possible role during the development of facial palsy induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 was inoculated into the surface of posterior auricle of mouse to establish a paralyzed animal model. In HSV-1-induced facial palsy mice, protein levels of AQP1 significantly increased on the 9th to 16th day after inoculation of HSV-1. The upregulation of AQP1 was closely related to the intratemporal facial nerve edema in facial nerve canal, which was also consistent with the symptom of facial palsy in mice. In a hypoxia model of Schwann cells in vitro, we found that U0126, an ERK antagonist, inhibited not only morphological changes of cultures Schwann cells but also upregulation of both AQP1 and phosphorylated ERK. Combined with increased phosphorylated ERK in HSV-1-induced facial palsy mice, we inferred that ERK MAPK pathway might also be involved in increased AQP1 in mouse model of Bell's palsy. Although the precise mechanism needs to be further explored, our findings suggest that AQP1 in Schwann cells of intratemporal facial nerve is involved in the evolution of facial palsy induced by HSV-1 and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. AQP1 might be a potential target, and the ERK antagonist U0126 could be a new drug for the treatment of HSV-1-induced Bell's palsy in an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
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Gong L, Zhu Y, Xu X, Li H, Guo W, Zhao Q, Yao D. The effects of claudin 14 during early Wallerian degeneration after sciatic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:2151-8. [PMID: 25657736 PMCID: PMC4316448 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.147946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 14 has been shown to promote nerve repair and regeneration in the early stages of Wallerian degeneration (0-4 days) in rats with sciatic nerve injury, but the mechanism underlying this process remains poorly understood. This study reported the effects of claudin 14 on nerve degeneration and regeneration during early Wallerian degeneration. Claudin 14 expression was up-regulated in sciatic nerve 4 days after Wallerian degeneration. The altered expression of claudin 14 in Schwann cells resulted in expression changes of cytokines in vitro. Expression of claudin 14 affected c-Jun, but not Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Further studies revealed that enhanced expression of claudin 14 could promote Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Silencing of claudin 14 expression resulted in Schwann cell apoptosis and reduction in Schwann cell proliferation. Our data revealed the role of claudin 14 in early Wallerian degeneration, which may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaiqin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of People's Liberation Army, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lee KM, Nam K, Oh S, Lim J, Kim YP, Lee JW, Yu JH, Ahn SH, Kim SB, Noh DY, Lee T, Shin I. Extracellular matrix protein 1 regulates cell proliferation and trastuzumab resistance through activation of epidermal growth factor signaling. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:479. [PMID: 25499743 PMCID: PMC4308848 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein with putative functions in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation. Expression of ECM1 in several types of carcinoma suggests that it may promote tumor development. In this study, we investigated the role of ECM1 in oncogenic cell signaling in breast cancer, and potential mechanisms for its effects. METHODS In order to find out the functional role of ECM1, we used the recombinant human ECM1 and viral transduction systems which stably regulated the expression level of ECM1. We examined the effect of ECM1 on cell proliferation and cell signaling in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, tissues and sera of patients with breast cancer were used to confirm the effect of ECM1. RESULTS ECM1 protein was increased in trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cells, in association with trastuzumab resistance and cell proliferation. Through physical interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ECM1 potentiated the phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase upon EGF treatment. Moreover, ECM1-induced galectin-3 cleavage through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 not only improved mucin 1 expression, but also increased EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 protein stability as a secondary signaling. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 has important roles in both cancer development and trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer through activation of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keesoo Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhwa Oh
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Lim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Han Yu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taehoon Lee
- NOVA Cell Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. .,Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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Nishihara T, Remacle AG, Angert M, Shubayev I, Shiryaev SA, Liu H, Dolkas J, Chernov AV, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 both sheds cell surface neuronal glial antigen 2 (NG2) proteoglycan on macrophages and governs the response to peripheral nerve injury. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3693-707. [PMID: 25488667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal glial antigen 2 (NG2) is an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by vascular pericytes, macrophages (NG2-Mφ), and progenitor glia of the nervous system. Herein, we revealed that NG2 shedding and axonal growth, either independently or jointly, depended on the pericellular remodeling events executed by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14). Using purified NG2 ectodomain constructs, individual MMPs, and primary NG2-Mφ cultures, we demonstrated for the first time that MMP-14 performed as an efficient and unconventional NG2 sheddase and that NG2-Mφ infiltrated into the damaged peripheral nervous system. We then characterized the spatiotemporal relationships among MMP-14, MMP-2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 in sciatic nerve. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2-free MMP-14 was observed in the primary Schwann cell cultures using the inhibitory hydroxamate warhead-based MP-3653 fluorescent reporter. In teased nerve fibers, MMP-14 translocated postinjury toward the nodes of Ranvier and its substrates, laminin and NG2. Inhibition of MMP-14 activity using the selective, function-blocking DX2400 human monoclonal antibody increased the levels of regeneration-associated factors, including laminin, growth-associated protein 43, and cAMP-dependent transcription factor 3, thereby promoting sensory axon regeneration after nerve crush. Concomitantly, DX2400 therapy attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity associated with nerve crush in rats. Together, our findings describe a new model in which MMP-14 proteolysis regulates the extracellular milieu and presents a novel therapeutic target in the damaged peripheral nervous system and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Nishihara
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Albert G Remacle
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Mila Angert
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Igor Shubayev
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Huaqing Liu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Andrei V Chernov
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037,
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García-Mateo N, Ganfornina MD, Montero O, Gijón MA, Murphy RC, Sanchez D. Schwann cell-derived Apolipoprotein D controls the dynamics of post-injury myelin recognition and degradation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:374. [PMID: 25426024 PMCID: PMC4227524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of lipids, particularly signaling lipids that control neuroinflammation, is crucial for the regeneration capability of a damaged nervous system. Knowledge of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals after nervous system injury is extensive, most of them being proteins acting through well-known receptors and intracellular cascades. However, the role of lipid binding extracellular proteins able to modify the fate of lipids released after injury is not well understood. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is an extracellular lipid binding protein of the Lipocalin family induced upon nervous system injury. Our previous study shows that axon regeneration is delayed without ApoD, and suggests its participation in early events during Wallerian degeneration. Here we demonstrate that ApoD is expressed by myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells and is induced early upon nerve injury. We show that ApoD, known to bind arachidonic acid (AA), also interacts with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in vitro. We use an in vivo model of nerve crush injury, a nerve explant injury model, and cultured macrophages exposed to purified myelin, to uncover that: (i) ApoD regulates denervated Schwann cell-macrophage signaling, dampening MCP1- and Tnf-dependent macrophage recruitment and activation upon injury; (ii) ApoD controls the over-expression of the phagocytosis activator Galectin-3 by infiltrated macrophages; (iii) ApoD controls the basal and injury-triggered levels of LPC and AA; (iv) ApoD modifies the dynamics of myelin-macrophage interaction, favoring the initiation of phagocytosis and promoting myelin degradation. Regulation of macrophage behavior by Schwann-derived ApoD is therefore a key mechanism conditioning nerve injury resolution. These results place ApoD as a lipid binding protein controlling the signals exchanged between glia, neurons and blood-borne cells during nerve recovery after injury, and open the possibility for a therapeutic use of ApoD as a regeneration-promoting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia García-Mateo
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Center for Biotechnology Development (CDB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gijón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
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Lamarca A, Gella A, Martiañez T, Segura M, Figueiro-Silva J, Grijota-Martinez C, Trullas R, Casals N. Uridine 5'-triphosphate promotes in vitro Schwannoma cell migration through matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98998. [PMID: 24905332 PMCID: PMC4048211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells adopt a migratory phenotype and modify the extracellular matrix to make it permissive for cell migration and axonal re-growth. Uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) and other nucleotides are released during nerve injury and activate purinergic receptors expressed on the Schwann cell surface, but little is known about the involvement of purine signalling in wound healing. We studied the effect of UTP on Schwannoma cell migration and wound closure and the intracellular signaling pathways involved. We found that UTP treatment induced Schwannoma cell migration through activation of P2Y2 receptors and through the increase of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation and expression. Knockdown P2Y2 receptor or MMP-2 expression greatly reduced wound closure and MMP-2 activation induced by UTP. MMP-2 activation evoked by injury or UTP was also mediated by phosphorylation of all 3 major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): JNK, ERK1/2, and p38. Inhibition of these MAPK pathways decreased both MMP-2 activation and cell migration. Interestingly, MAPK phosphorylation evoked by UTP exhibited a biphasic pattern, with an early transient phosphorylation 5 min after treatment, and a late and sustained phosphorylation that appeared at 6 h and lasted up to 24 h. Inhibition of MMP-2 activity selectively blocked the late, but not the transient, phase of MAPK activation. These results suggest that MMP-2 activation and late MAPK phosphorylation are part of a positive feedback mechanism to maintain the migratory phenotype for wound healing. In conclusion, our findings show that treatment with UTP stimulates in vitro Schwannoma cell migration and wound repair through a MMP-2-dependent mechanism via P2Y2 receptors and MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloa Lamarca
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gella
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Tania Martiañez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mònica Segura
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joana Figueiro-Silva
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Grijota-Martinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ramón Trullas
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Effects of cerebrolysin on rat Schwann cells in vitro. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:820-30. [PMID: 24636538 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is capable of regeneration, these processes are limited. As a potential means to augment PNS regeneration, the effects of cerebrolysin (CL), a proteolytic peptide fraction, were tested in vitro on Schwann cell (SC) proliferation, stress resistance, phagocytic and cluster-forming capacity. Primary SC/fibrocyte co-cultures were prepared from dorsal root ganglia of 5-7-day-old rats. SCs were subjected to mechanical stress by media change and metabolic stress by serum glucose deprivation (SGD). Cell survival was assessed using MTT test. SC proliferation was determined by counting BrdU-labeled cells. SC clustering was studied by ImageJ analysis of S100 immunostaining. Wallerian degeneration (WD) was evaluated by measuring acetylcholine-esterase staining within sciatic nerves in vitro. It was found that CL caused no effect on MTT turnover in the tested doses. CL inhibited SC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Media change and additional SGD stress inhibited SC clustering. CL enhanced the reorganization of SC clusters and was able to counteract SGD-induced cluster defects. Moreover, CL accelerated WD in vitro. CL was able to enhance the functions of SCs that are relevant to nerve regeneration. Thus, our findings suggest that CL may be suitable for therapeutic usage to enhance PNS regeneration/reconstruction.
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Kuffler DP. An assessment of current techniques for inducing axon regeneration and neurological recovery following peripheral nerve trauma. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Gao D, Huang T, Jiang X, Hu S, Zhang L, Fei Z. Resveratrol protects primary cortical neuron cultures from transient oxygen-glucose deprivation by inhibiting MMP-9. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2197-204. [PMID: 24682241 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that resveratrol exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia in mice. The aim of the present study was to further confirm these effects in in vitro primary cortical neuron cultures with transient oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to investigate whether these effects are due to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and of cell apoptosis. Neuronal primary cultures of cerebral cortex were prepared from BALB/c mice embryos (13-15 days). Cells from 14- to 16-day cultures were subjected to OGD for 3 h, followed by 21 h of reoxygenation to simulate transient ischemia. Different doses of resveratrol were added into the culture medium during the simulation of transient ischemia. The effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 was studied by adding U0126 (5 µg/µl, 4 µl) into the culture medium during transient ischemia; as a control, we used treatment of cells with 50 µM of resveratrol. Cell viability was investigated using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The effects of resveratrol on the expression of MMP-9 were analyzed by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the levels of ERK, phosphorylated (p)-ERK, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by western blotting. The results of the MTT assay showed that cell viability is significantly reduced by transient OGD. OGD induced cell apoptosis, the expression of Bax and the activation of caspase-3 and ERK, inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and increased the expression of MMP-9, while these effects were reversed by treatment with resveratrol. The therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol was shown to be dose-dependent, with the most suitable dose range determined at 50-100 µM. Treatment with U0126 inhibited MMP-9 and Bax expression and caspase-3 activation, while it further promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, suggesting that resveratrol inhibits MMP-9 expression and cell apoptosis by attenuating the activation of ERK1/2. In conclusion, OGD can induce apoptosis through canonical apoptotic signals and by regulating the expression of MMP-9; the anti-apoptotic activity of resveratrol and its inhibitory effect on MMP-9 expression contribute in the reduced activation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Nascimento GC, Rizzi E, Gerlach RF, Leite-Panissi CRA. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the rat trigeminal ganglion during the development of temporomandibular joint inflammation. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:956-967. [PMID: 24270905 PMCID: PMC3854335 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain is a prevalent symptom in modern society. Some musculoskeletal orofacial pain is caused by temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This condition has a multi-factorial etiology, including emotional factors and alteration of the masticator muscle and temporomandibular joints (TMJs). TMJ inflammation is considered to be a cause of pain in patients with TMD. Extracellular proteolytic enzymes, specifically the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), have been shown to modulate inflammation and pain. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the expression and level of gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the trigeminal ganglion are altered during different stages of temporomandibular inflammation, as determined by gelatin zymography. This study also evaluated whether mechanical allodynia and orofacial hyperalgesia, induced by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the TMJ capsule, were altered by an MMP inhibitor (doxycycline, DOX). TMJ inflammation was measured by plasma extravasation in the periarticular tissue (Evans blue test) and infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the synovial fluid (myeloperoxidase enzyme quantification). MMP expression in the trigeminal ganglion was shown to vary during the phases of the inflammatory process. MMP-9 regulated the early phase and MMP-2 participated in the late phase of this process. Furthermore, increases in plasma extravasation in periarticular tissue and myeloperoxidase activity in the joint tissue, which occurred throughout the inflammation process, were diminished by treatment with DOX, a nonspecific MMP inhibitor. Additionally, the increases of mechanical allodynia and orofacial hyperalgesia were attenuated by the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão PretoSP, Brasil
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50
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Identification of MMP-2 as a novel enhancer of cerebellar granule cell proliferation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 57:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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