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Balint V, Peric M, Dacic S, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D, Marjanovic J, Popovic J, Stevanovic M, Lazic A. The Role of SOX2 and SOX9 Transcription Factors in the Reactivation-Related Functional Properties of NT2/D1-Derived Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:796. [PMID: 38672150 PMCID: PMC11048103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, with the unique ability to transform from quiescent into a reactive state in response to pathological conditions by reacquiring some precursor properties. This process is known as reactive astrogliosis, a compensatory response that mediates tissue damage and recovery. Although it is well known that SOX transcription factors drive the expression of phenotype-specific genetic programs during neurodevelopment, their roles in mature astrocytes have not been studied extensively. We focused on the transcription factors SOX2 and SOX9, shown to be re-expressed in reactive astrocytes, in order to study the reactivation-related functional properties of astrocytes mediated by those proteins. We performed an initial screening of SOX2 and SOX9 expression after sensorimotor cortex ablation injury in rats and conducted gain-of-function studies in vitro using astrocytes derived from the human NT2/D1 cell line. Our results revealed the direct involvement of SOX2 in the reacquisition of proliferation in mature NT2/D1-derived astrocytes, while SOX9 overexpression increased migratory potential and glutamate uptake in these cells. Our results imply that modulation of SOX gene expression may change the functional properties of astrocytes, which holds promise for the discovery of potential therapeutic targets in the development of novel strategies for tissue regeneration and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Balint
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Peric
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Marjanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
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Tang K, Sun L, Chen L, Feng X, Wu J, Guo H, Zheng Y. Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation of Mitochondrial Autophagy Genes in Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:639-650. [PMID: 38414629 PMCID: PMC10898481 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s444847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial autophagy is closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, In order to explore the role of mitochondrial autophagy related genes in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its molecular mechanism. Methods KOA-related transcriptome data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed mitochondrial autophagy gene (DEMGs) were screened in patients with KOA by differential expression analysis. The STRING website was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among DEMGs. Molecular complex detection (MCODE) method in Cytoscape software was performed to identify hub DEMGs. Support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method was used to construct the hub DEMG diagnosis model. Genes with diagnostic value were identified as biomarkers by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Expression validation. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in each sample in the GSE114007 dataset. Finally, biomarker expression was verified by qPCR. Results A total of 15 DEMGs were obtained and enrichment analyses showed that these DEMG strains were mainly enriched in the mitophagy-animal, shigellosis, autophagy-animal and FoxO signal pathways. The PPI network unveiled 13 DEMGs with interactions. In addition, 8 hub DEMGs (ULK1, CALCOCO2, MAP1LC3B, BNIP3L, GABARAPL1, BNIP3, FKBP8 and FOXO3) were obtained for KOA. And 5 model DEMGs (BNIP3L, BNIP3, MAP1LC3B, ULK1 and FOXO3) were screened. The ROC curves revealed that BNIP3 and FOXO3 has strong diagnostic value in these models of DEMG. Immune-infiltration and correlation analysis showed that BNIP3 and FOXO3 were significantly correlated with three different immune cells, including primary B cells, M0 macrophage and M2 macrophage. The cartilage tissue samples qPCR verification results show that FOXO3 and BNIP3 were all down-regulated in KOA (p < 0.01), and the validation results are consistent with the above analysis. Conclusion BNIP3 and FOXO3 have been identified as biomarkers for the diagnosis of KOA, which might supply a new insight for the pathogenesis and treatment of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuihan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, 550014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, 550014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, 550014, People’s Republic of China
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Rapaka D, Adiukwu PC, Challa SR, Bitra VR. Interplay Between Astroglial Endocannabinoid System and the Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Physiol Res 2023; 72:575-586. [PMID: 38015757 PMCID: PMC10751057 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors have been shown to regulate wide array of functions ranging from homeostasis to the cognitive functioning but recent data support the hypothesis that astrocytes also operate as a mediator of synaptic plasticity and contribute to cognition and learning. The receptor heterogeneity plays a key role in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Despite the fact that the majority of CB1 receptors act on neurons, studies have revealed that cannabinoids have direct control over astrocytes, including energy generation and neuroprotection. The tripartite synapse connects astrocytes to neurons and allows them to interact with one another and the astrocytes are key players in synaptic plasticity, which is associated with cognitive functions. This review focuses on our growing understanding of the intricate functions of astroglial CB1 that underpin physiological brain function, and in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rapaka
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. ,
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Luo B. Insights into the advances in therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37722706 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2260088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD are related to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common inflammatory condition that can lead to a variety of dysfunction in the body. At present, it is no medications specifically approved to prevent or cure neuroinflammation, so even though many drugs can temporarily control the neurological symptoms of neuroinflammation, but no one can reverse the progress of neuroinflammation, let al.one completely cure neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new drug development for neuroinflammation treatment. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic advancement in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on the impact of neuroinflammation treatment has on these conditions, and the effective drugs for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and their latest research progress are reviewed according to the related signaling pathway, as well as the prospect of their clinical application is also discussed. The purpose of this review is to enable specialists to better understand the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs, promote the development of therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, and further provide therapeutic references for clinical neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Liu Y, Wang L, Yang G, Chi X, Liang X, Zhang Y. Sirtuins: Promising Therapeutic Targets to Treat Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1210. [PMID: 37627275 PMCID: PMC10452362 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability globally, with ischemic stroke (IS) accounting for over 80% of all stroke cases. The pathological process of IS involves numerous signal molecules, among which are the highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes known as sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs modulate various biological processes, including cell differentiation, energy metabolism, DNA repair, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Importantly, several studies have reported a correlation between SIRTs and IS. This review introduces the general aspects of SIRTs, including their distribution, subcellular location, enzyme activity, and substrate. We also discuss their regulatory roles and potential mechanisms in IS. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic methods based on SIRTs, such as pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological therapeutic/rehabilitative interventions, epigenetic regulators, potential molecules, and stem cell-derived exosome therapy. The data collected in this study will potentially contribute to both clinical and fundamental research on SIRTs, geared towards developing effective therapeutic candidates for future treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Xiansu Chi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
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Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Wollert E, Hoffmann S, Nisar H, Konda B, Diegeler S, Liemersdorf C, Hellweg CE. Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1063250. [PMID: 37089489 PMCID: PMC10116417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionExposure to space conditions during crewed long-term exploration missions can cause several health risks for astronauts. Space radiation, isolation and microgravity are major limiting factors. The role of astrocytes in cognitive disturbances by space radiation is unknown. Astrocytes' response toward low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon (12C) and iron (56Fe) ions was compared to reveal possible effects of space-relevant high-LET radiation. Since astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation and microgravity during space missions, the effect of simulated microgravity on DNA damage induction and repair was investigated.MethodsPrimary murine cortical astrocytes were irradiated with different doses of X-rays, 12C and 56Fe ions at the heavy ion accelerator GSI. DNA damage and repair (γH2AX, 53BP1), cell proliferation (Ki-67), astrocytes' reactivity (GFAP) and NF-κB pathway activation (p65) were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle progression was investigated by flow cytometry of DNA content. Gene expression changes after exposure to X- rays were investigated by mRNA-sequencing. RT-qPCR for several genes of interest was performed with RNA from X-rays- and heavy-ion-irradiated astrocytes: Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, Gfap, Tnf, Il1β, Il6, and Tgfβ1. Levels of the pro inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined using ELISA. DNA damage response was investigated after exposure to X-rays followed by incubation on a 2D clinostat to simulate the conditions of microgravity.ResultsAstrocytes showed distinct responses toward the three different radiation qualities. Induction of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and the respective repair was dose-, LET- and time-dependent. Simulated microgravity had no significant influence on DNA DSB repair. Proliferation and cell cycle progression was not affected by radiation qualities examined in this study. Astrocytes expressed IL-6 and GFAP with constitutive NF-κB activity independent of radiation exposure. mRNA sequencing of X-irradiated astrocytes revealed downregulation of 66 genes involved in DNA damage response and repair, mitosis, proliferation and cell cycle regulation.DiscussionIn conclusion, primary murine astrocytes are DNA repair proficient irrespective of radiation quality. Only minor gene expression changes were observed after X-ray exposure and reactivity was not induced. Co-culture of astrocytes with microglial cells, brain organoids or organotypic brain slice culture experiments might reveal whether astrocytes show a more pronounced radiation response in more complex network architectures in the presence of other neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Wollert
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christine E. Hellweg
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7
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Cellular senescence in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:420. [PMID: 36253355 PMCID: PMC9576687 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, a main reason of mortality and morbidity worldwide, occurs in many organs and tissues. As a result of IR injury, senescent cells can accumulate in multiple organs. Increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is the underlying mechanism that transforms an acute organ injury into a chronic one. Several recent studies suggest senescent cells can be targeted for the prevention or elimination of acute and chronic organ injury induced by IR. In this review, we concisely introduce the underlying mechanism and the pivotal role of premature senescence in the transition from acute to chronic IR injuries. Special focus is laid on recent advances in the mechanisms as well as on the basic and clinical research, targeting cellular senescence in multi-organ IR injuries. Besides, the potential directions in this field are discussed in the end. Together, the recent advances reviewed here will act as a comprehensive overview of the roles of cellular senescence in IR injury, which could be of great significance for the design of related studies, or as a guide for potential therapeutic target.
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Burda JE, O'Shea TM, Ao Y, Suresh KB, Wang S, Bernstein AM, Chandra A, Deverasetty S, Kawaguchi R, Kim JH, McCallum S, Rogers A, Wahane S, Sofroniew MV. Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders. Nature 2022; 606:557-564. [PMID: 35614216 PMCID: PMC10027402 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system with reactive changes that influence the outcome of the disorder1-4. These changes include differentially expressed genes (DEGs) whose contextual diversity and regulation are poorly understood. Here we combined biological and informatic analyses, including RNA sequencing, protein detection, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and conditional gene deletion, to predict transcriptional regulators that differentially control more than 12,000 DEGs that are potentially associated with astrocyte reactivity across diverse central nervous system disorders in mice and humans. DEGs associated with astrocyte reactivity exhibited pronounced heterogeneity across disorders. Transcriptional regulators also exhibited disorder-specific differences, but a core group of 61 transcriptional regulators was identified as common across multiple disorders in both species. We show experimentally that DEG diversity is determined by combinatorial, context-specific interactions between transcriptional regulators. Notably, the same reactivity transcriptional regulators can regulate markedly different DEG cohorts in different disorders; changes in the access of transcriptional regulators to DNA-binding motifs differ markedly across disorders; and DEG changes can crucially require multiple reactivity transcriptional regulators. We show that, by modulating reactivity, transcriptional regulators can substantially alter disorder outcome, implicating them as therapeutic targets. We provide searchable resources of disorder-related reactive astrocyte DEGs and their predicted transcriptional regulators. Our findings show that transcriptional changes associated with astrocyte reactivity are highly heterogeneous and are customized from vast numbers of potential DEGs through context-specific combinatorial transcriptional-regulator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Burda
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav B Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashu Chandra
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandeep Deverasetty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae H Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Rogers
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shalaka Wahane
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Cai M, Lin W. The Function of NF-Kappa B During Epilepsy, a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:851394. [PMID: 35360161 PMCID: PMC8961383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.851394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) modulates cellular biological activity by binding to promoter regions in the nucleus and transcribing various protein-coding genes. The NF-κB pathway plays a major role in the expressing genes related to inflammation, including chemokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor. It also transcribes genes that can promote neuronal survival or apoptosis. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders and it not only causes death worldwide but also affects the day-to-day life of affected individuals. While epilepsy has diverse treatment options, there remain patients who are not sensitive to the existing treatment methods. Recent studies have implicated the critical role of NF-κB in epilepsy. It is upregulated in neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells, due to neuronal loss, glial cell proliferation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and hippocampal sclerosis through the glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid imbalance, ion concentration changes, and other mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the functional changes caused by the upregulation of NF-κB in the central nervous system during different periods after seizures. This review is the first to deconvolute the complicated functions of NF-κB, and speculate that the regulation of NF-κB can be a safe and effective treatment strategy for epilepsy.
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Yangming-Fan, Jianjun-Ge. Pentoxifylline Prevents Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation via p38MAPK Pathway in Rat Vein Graft Model. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221122999. [PMID: 36066039 PMCID: PMC9459444 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221122999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the gold standard in the therapy
of advanced-stage patients. But the vein grafts are prone to
restenosis or failure. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine
derivative with a function of inhibiting cell proliferation. We thus
applied PTX locally to the vein grafts to study its effect on the
inhibition of graft restenosis using a rat vein graft model.
Morphometric results showed a significant decrease in the thickness of
vein grafts intimal and medial at day 28 after the bypass operation.
Results from Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that PTX
also significantly reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen
(PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and
phosphorylation of p38 in vein grafts. These results firstly
discovered the positive role of PTX in preventing the vein grafts
restenosis and the mechanism may be inhibition of vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation via the p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming-Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun-Ge
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Du S, Zheng H. Role of FoxO transcription factors in aging and age-related metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 34727995 PMCID: PMC8561869 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging happens to all of us as we live. Thanks to the improved living standard and discovery of life-saving medicines, our life expectancy has increased substantially across the world in the past century. However, the rise in lifespan leads to unprecedented increases in both the number and the percentage of individuals 65 years and older, accompanied by the increased incidences of age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. FoxO transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play critical roles in diverse biological processes, in particular aging and metabolism. Their dysfunction is often found in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Here, we summarize the signaling pathways and cellular functions of FoxO proteins. We also review the complex role of FoxO in aging and age-related diseases, with focus on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease and discuss the possibility of FoxO as a molecular link between aging and disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Du S, Jin F, Maneix L, Gedam M, Xu Y, Catic A, Wang MC, Zheng H. FoxO3 deficiency in cortical astrocytes leads to impaired lipid metabolism and aggravated amyloid pathology. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13432. [PMID: 34247441 PMCID: PMC8373366 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of life expectancy of the human population is accompanied by the drastic increases of age‐associated diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and underscores the need to understand how aging influences AD development. The Forkhead box O transcription factor 3 (FoxO3) is known to mediate aging and longevity downstream of insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling across species. However, its function in the adult brain under physiological and pathological conditions is less understood. Here, we report a region and cell‐type‐specific regulation of FoxO3 in the central nervous system (CNS). We found that FoxO3 protein levels were reduced in the cortex, but not hippocampus, of aged mice. FoxO3 was responsive to insulin/AKT signaling in astrocytes, but not neurons. Using CNS Foxo3‐deficient mice, we reveal that loss of FoxO3 led to cortical astrogliosis and altered lipid metabolism. This is associated with impaired metabolic homoeostasis and β‐amyloid (Aβ) uptake in primary astrocyte cultures. These phenotypes can be reversed by expressing a constitutively active FOXO3 but not a FOXO3 mutant lacking the transactivation domain. Loss of FoxO3 in 5xFAD mice led to exacerbated Aβ pathology and synapse loss and altered local response of astrocytes and microglia in the vicinity of Aβ plaques. Astrocyte‐specific overexpression of FOXO3 displayed opposite effects, suggesting that FoxO3 functions cell autonomously to mediate astrocyte activity and also interacts with microglia to address Aβ pathology. Our studies support a protective role of astroglial FoxO3 against brain aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Laure Maneix
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Manasee Gedam
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Yin Xu
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Andre Catic
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
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13
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Price BR, Johnson LA, Norris CM. Reactive astrocytes: The nexus of pathological and clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101335. [PMID: 33812051 PMCID: PMC8168445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity is a hallmark of neuroinflammation that arises with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and nearly every other neurodegenerative condition. While astrocytes certainly contribute to classic inflammatory processes (e.g. cytokine release, waste clearance, and tissue repair), newly emerging technologies for measuring and targeting cell specific activities in the brain have uncovered essential roles for astrocytes in synapse function, brain metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and sleep/wake patterns. In this review, we use a holistic approach to incorporate, and expand upon, classic neuroinflammatory concepts to consider how astrocyte dysfunction/reactivity modulates multiple pathological and clinical hallmarks of AD. Our ever-evolving understanding of astrocyte signaling in neurodegeneration is not only revealing new drug targets and treatments for dementia but is suggesting we reimagine AD pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittani R Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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14
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Sharma N, Bungau S. Elucidating the Possible Role of FoxO in Depression. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2761-2775. [PMID: 34075521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcriptional factors perform essential functions in several physiological and biological processes. Recent studies have shown that FoxO is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Changes in the upstream mediators of FoxOs including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein kinase B have been associated with depressive disorder and the antidepressant agents are known to alter the phosphorylation of FoxOs. Moreover, FoxOs might be regulated by serotonin or noradrenaline signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis,both of them are associated with the development of the depressive disorder. FoxO also regulates neural morphology, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which accounts for the pathogenesis of the depressive disorder. The current article underlined the potential functions of FoxOs in the etiology of depressive disorder and formulate few essential proposals for further investigation. The review also proposes that FoxO and its signal pathway might establish possible therapeutic mediators for the management of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.,Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt., Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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15
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Yang L, Fan C, Shu T, Wang S. Punicalin alleviates TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and cartilage metabolism via mediating FOXO3 signaling axis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13755. [PMID: 33974280 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor is involved in chondral homeostasis of normal, aging and osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. At present, we aimed to investigate whether FOXO3 is a target of punicalin to prevent IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced chondrocyte dysfunction in vitro and in vivo models. Cell and mouse models of chondrocyte dysfunction were established to determine the pharmacological value of hydrolyzable tannin, punicalin, which was extracted from the pomegranate. FOXO3 protein levels in the nucleus and cytoplasm were analysed using western blot. Safranine O staining was performed to evaluate the expansion of growth plate and chondrocyte differentiation in IL-1β- and TNF-α-treated mice. In IL-1β- and TNF-α-treated chondrocytes and mice, IL-1β and TNF-α evoked phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FOXO3, as well as reduced FOXO3 expression levels in the nucleus. However, punicalin treatment repressed FOXO3 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic transfer. Punicalin treatment improved IL-1β and TNF-α-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of chondrocyte and the abnormal expansion of growth plate and hypertrophic zone. Moreover, punicalin could maintain the normal phenotype of chondrocyte via mediating multiple gene expression. Punicalin showed a beneficial effect on IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated chondrocytes and cartilaginous metabolic disorders via preserving the transcriptional activity of FOXO3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our study presents a prospective adjuvant therapeutic drug, punicalin, to prevent inflammation-related cartilage injury and chondrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Changdong Fan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Taipengfei Shu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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16
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Trindade P, Loiola EC, Gasparotto J, Ribeiro CT, Cardozo PL, Devalle S, Salerno JA, Ornelas IM, Ledur PF, Ribeiro FM, Ventura ALM, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP, Porciúncula LO, Rehen SK. Short and long TNF‐alpha exposure recapitulates canonical astrogliosis events in human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived astrocytes. Glia 2020; 68:1396-1409. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Trindade
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Camila Tiefensee Ribeiro
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pablo Leal Cardozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Sylvie Devalle
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiola Mara Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lisiane Oliveira Porciúncula
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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17
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RTA 408 Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced MMP-9 Expression via Suppressing Protein Kinase-Dependent NF-κB and AP-1 Activation in Rat Brain Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112826. [PMID: 31185608 PMCID: PMC6600142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by the elevated expression of various inflammatory proteins, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), induced by various pro-inflammatory mediators, which play a critical role in neurodegenerative disorders. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been shown to induce the upregulation of MMP-9 through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways. N-(2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-28-noroleana-1,9(11)-dien-17-yl)-2-2-difluoropropanamide (RTA 408), a novel synthetic triterpenoid, has been shown to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various types of cells. Here, we evaluated the effects of RTA 408 on IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing MMP-9 expression in a rat brain astrocyte (RBA-1) line. IL-1β-induced MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression, and promoter activity were attenuated by RTA 408. The increased level of ROS generation in RBA-1 cells exposed to IL-1β was attenuated by RTA 408, as determined by using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and CellROX. In addition, the inhibitory effects of RTA 408 on MMP-9 expression resulted from the suppression of the IL-1β-stimulated activation of Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), Akt, ROS, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pretreatment with RTA 408 attenuated the IL-1β-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, mRNA expression, and promoter activity. IL-1β-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, translocation, and promoter activity were also attenuated by RTA 408. Furthermore, IL-1β-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and mRNA expression, and cell migration were attenuated by pretreatment with RTA 408. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which RTA 408 attenuates IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses and exerts beneficial effects for the management of brain diseases.
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18
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Zhao R, Li Y, Gorantla S, Poluektova LY, Lin H, Gao F, Wang H, Zhao J, Zheng JC, Huang Y. Small molecule ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages via FOXO3a and TRAIL. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:134-145. [PMID: 31158413 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), eradication of HIV-1 from brain reservoirs remains elusive. HIV-1 brain reservoirs include perivascular macrophages that are behind the blood-brain barrier and difficult to access by ART. Macrophages express transcription factor FOXO3a and the TNF superfamily cytokine TRAIL, which are known to target HIV-1-infected macrophages for viral inhibition. ONC201 is a novel and potent FOXO3a activator capable of inducing TRAIL. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, and has shown antitumor effects in clinical trials. We hypothesized that activation of FOXO3a/TRAIL by ONC201 will inhibit HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Using primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, we demonstrated that ONC201 dose-dependently decreased replication levels of both HIV-1 laboratory strain and primary strains as determined by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity assay. Consistent with data on HIV-1 replication, ONC201 also reduced intracellular and extracellular p24, viral RNA, and integrated HIV-1 DNA in infected macrophages. Blocking TRAIL or knockdown of FOXO3a with siRNA reversed ONC201-mediated HIV-1 suppression, suggesting that ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 through FOXO3a and TRAIL. The anti-HIV-1 effect of ONC201 was further validated in vivo in NOD/scid-IL-2Rgcnull mice. After intracranial injection of HIV-1-infected macrophages into the basal ganglia, we treated the mice daily with ONC201 through intraperitoneal injection for six days. ONC201 significantly decreased p24 levels in both the macrophages and the brain tissues, suggesting that ONC201 suppresses HIV-1 in vivo. Therefore, ONC201 can be a promising drug candidate to combat persistent HIV-1 infection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Yuju Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengtong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Jeffrey Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Chai L, Mao H, Zhang J, Fan X. Storax Protected Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induced Primary Astrocyte Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1527. [PMID: 30687092 PMCID: PMC6337066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the world. There is an urgent unmet need to develop a range of neuroprotective strategies to restrain the damage that occurs in the hours and days following a stroke. Storax, a natural resin extracted from injuring Liquidambar orientalis Mill, has been used to treat acute stroke in traditional Chinese medicine for many centuries. Storax has demonstrated the neuroprotective effects in cerebrovascular diseases. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms activated by storax in ischemia/reperfusion-injured astrocytes have not been elucidated. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced astrocytes injury model to investigate the effects of storax on OGD/R-induced astrocytes injury and potential mechanisms. Experimental results showed that storax alleviated expression of inflammatory cytokines and protected primary cortical astrocytes injured by OGD/R. Furthermore, storax could inhibit NF-κB activation in injured astrocytes by OGD/R and inhibition of NF-κB with Bay-11-7082 obscured the neuroprotective effects of storax. In conclusion, storax alleviated expression of inflammatory cytokines and protected primary cortical astrocytes injured by OGD/R, which was partially mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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20
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Wang F, Cao Y, Ma L, Pei H, Rausch WD, Li H. Dysfunction of Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells: Prelude to Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:376. [PMID: 30505270 PMCID: PMC6250852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, memory loss, and thinking or speech problems. VaD is usually caused by cerebrovascular disease, during which, cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are vulnerable. CEC dysfunction occurs before the onset of VaD and can eventually lead to dysregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier damage, followed by the activation of glia and inflammatory environment in the brain. White matter, neuronal axons, and synapses are compromised in this process, leading to cognitive impairment. The present review summarizes the mechanisms underlying CEC impairment during hypoperfusion and pathological role of CECs in VaD. Through the comprehensive examination and summarization, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) signaling pathway, and CEC-derived caveolin-1 (CAV-1) are proposed to serve as targets of new drugs for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolf Dieter Rausch
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Morgan JA, Singhal G, Corrigan F, Jaehne EJ, Jawahar MC, Baune BT. Exercise related anxiety-like behaviours are mediated by TNF receptor signaling, but not depression-like behaviours. Brain Res 2018; 1695:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Zika virus propagation and release in human fetal astrocytes can be suppressed by neutral sphingomyelinase-2 inhibitor GW4869. Cell Discov 2018; 4:19. [PMID: 29707233 PMCID: PMC5913238 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotrophic flavivirus that is capable of infecting humans, leading to brain abnormalities during fetal development. The ZIKV infectivity in neural target cells remains poorly understood. Here, we found that ZIKV specifically infected glial fibrillary acidic protein- and S100B-positive primary human astrocytes derived from fetal brains. In contrast, neuron-specific Class III β-tubulin (TuJ1)-positive neurons in the astrocyte cultures and SOX2-positive neural progenitor cells derived from the fetal brains were less susceptible to ZIKV infection compared with astrocytes. The infected astrocytes released competent viral particles and manifested programmed cell death with a progressive cytopathic effect. Interestingly, ZIKV infection in human fetal astrocytes induced a significant increase of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Treatment with GW4869, a specific inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase-2, decreased EV levels, suppressed ZIKV propagation, and reduced the release of infectious virions in astrocytes. Therefore, ZIKV infects primary human fetal astrocytes and the infection can be suppressed by neutral sphingomyelinase-2 inhibitor GW4869. Further investigation into sphingomyelin metabolism and EVs may provide insights to the therapeutic treatment of ZIKV infection.
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23
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van Scheppingen J, Mills JD, Zimmer TS, Broekaart DWM, Iori V, Bongaarts A, Anink JJ, Iyer AM, Korotkov A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Baayen JC, Vezzani A, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes. Glia 2018; 66:1082-1097. [PMID: 29384235 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important mediators of inflammatory processes in the brain and seem to play an important role in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Recent studies show that astrocytes produce several microRNAs, which may function as crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways and could be used as therapeutic target. We aim to study which miRNAs are produced by astrocytes during IL-1β mediated inflammatory conditions in vitro, as well as their functional role and to validate these findings in human epileptogenic brain tissue. Sequencing was used to assess miRNA and mRNA expression in IL-1β-stimulated human fetal astrocyte cultures. miRNAs were overexpressed in cell cultures using miRNA mimics. Expression of miRNAs in resected brain tissue from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis was examined using in situ hybridization. Two differentially expressed miRNAs were found: miR146a and miR147b, which were associated with increased expression of genes related to the immune/inflammatory response. As previously reported for miR146a, overexpression of miR147b reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and COX-2 after IL-1β stimulation in both astrocyte and tuberous sclerosis complex cell cultures. miR146a and miR147b overexpression decreased proliferation of astrocytes and promoted neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells. Similarly to previous evidence for miR146a, miR147b was increased expressed in astrocytes in epileptogenic brain. Due to their anti-inflammatory effects, ability to restore aberrant astrocytic proliferation and promote neuronal differentiation, miR146a and miR147b deserve further investigation as potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders associated with inflammation, such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Iori
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), The Netherlands
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24
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Prospects for a Robust Cortical Recording Interface. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Yang X, Geng K, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Shao J, Xia W. Sirt3 Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Adjudin on Astrocyte Activation and Glial Scar Formation following Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:943. [PMID: 29311941 PMCID: PMC5744009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to stroke-induced injury, astrocytes can be activated and form a scar. Inflammation is an essential component for glial scar formation. Previous study has shown that adjudin, a potential Sirt3 activator, could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and stroke-induced neuroinflammation. To investigate the potential inhibitory effect and mechanism of adjudin on astrocyte activation, we used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model with or without adjudin treatment in wild type (WT) and Sirt3 knockout (KO) mice and performed a wound healing experiment in vitro. Both our in vivo and in vitro results showed that adjudin reduced astrocyte activation by upregulating Sirt3 expression. In addition, adjudin treatment after stroke promoted functional and neurovascular recovery accompanied with the decreased area of glial scar in WT mice, which was blunted by Sirt3 deficiency. Furthermore, adjudin could increase Foxo3a and inhibit Notch1 signaling pathway via Sirt3. Both the suppression of Foxo3a and overexpression of N1ICD could alleviate the inhibitory effect of adjudin in vitro indicating that Sirt3-Foxo3a and Sirt3-Notch1 signaling pathways were involved in the inhibitory effect of adjudin in wound healing experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Wang X, Huang S, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Song T, Li D, Yang L. Reactive astrocytes increase the expression of P‑gp and Mrp1 via TNF‑α and NF‑κB signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1198-1204. [PMID: 29115482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand multidrug resistance gene expression in reactive astrocytes, the present study involved stimulated astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and determined gene expression by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Stimulation induced P‑glycoprotein (gp) and multidrug resistance‑associated protein (MRP0) 1 expression, which peaked by 24 h. Interestingly, the expression of P‑gp and Mrp1 correlated with cell proliferation. Therefore, reactivation of astrocytes may increase P‑gp and Mrp1 expression through TNF‑α and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that in vitro activated astrocytes likely induced P‑gp and Mrp1 expression by increasing NF‑κB expression. The results of the present study provide a novel insight into the mechanism of refractory epilepsy and suggest inhibiting cytokine signaling may block multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shaoping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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27
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Deng Z, Wang Y, Zhou L, Shan Y, Tan S, Cai W, Liao S, Peng L, Lu Z. High salt-induced activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines in cultured astrocytes. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:785-794. [PMID: 28296539 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1301330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) accumulation in the brain is associated with various diseases of central nervous system (CNS). Activation of astrocytes is an important manifestation of pathophysiological processes in the CNS. However, the direct impact of high salt (HS) environment on astrocytes is unclear. In the current study, we found that high salt treatment can induce activation of astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro, manifested as morphological alteration coupled with increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Additionally, HS upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); however, its effects on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression were not evident. Furthermore, HS treatment induced increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT 3). Inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK 2) by specific pharmacological antagonists, AG490, attenuated the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway and induction of GFAP and other pro-inflammatory factors, respectively. The results suggest that the aforementioned multiple inflammatory cytokines and mediators that may be linked to the HS induced pathogenesis of CNS via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhi Deng
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuge Wang
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Zhou
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yilong Shan
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sha Tan
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Cai
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Siyuan Liao
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- a Department of Neurology , Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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28
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Adenosine kinase facilitated astrogliosis-induced cortical neuronal death in traumatic brain injury. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:259-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Ye L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cai P, Li R, Chen D, Wei X, Zhang X, Xu H, Xiao J, Li X, Lin L, Zhang H. The Role of bFGF in the Excessive Activation of Astrocytes Is Related to the Inhibition of TLR4/NFκB Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010037. [PMID: 26729092 PMCID: PMC4730282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have critical roles in immune defense, homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic remodeling and function in the central nervous system (CNS); however, excessive activation of astrocytes with increased intermediate filaments following neuronal trauma, infection, ischemia, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases results in a pro-inflammatory environment and promotes neuronal death. As an important neurotrophic factor, the secretion of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) contributes to the protective effect of neuronal cells, but the mechanism of bFGF in reactive astrogliosis is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous bFGF attenuated astrocyte activation by reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and other markers, including neurocan and vimentin, but not nestin and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), via the regulation of the upstream toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NFκB) signaling pathway. Our study suggests that the function of bFGF is not only related to the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effect but also involved in the inhibition of excessive astrogliosis and glial scarring after neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Pingtao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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30
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Jiménez AJ, Rodríguez-Pérez LM, Domínguez-Pinos MD, Gómez-Roldán MC, García-Bonilla M, Ho-Plagaro A, Roales-Buján R, Jiménez S, Roquero-Mañueco MC, Martínez-León MI, García-Martín ML, Cifuentes M, Ros B, Arráez MÁ, Vitorica J, Gutiérrez A, Pérez-Fígares JM. Increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) but not transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) are associated with the severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:911-32. [PMID: 24707814 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Here, we tested the hypothesis that glial responses via the production of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, are correlated with the severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse model. We also searched for evidence of this association in human cases of primary hydrocephalus. METHODS Hyh mice, which exhibit either severe or compensated long-lasting forms of hydrocephalus, were examined and compared with wild-type mice. TGFβ1, TNFα and TNFαR1 mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR. TNFα and TNFαR1 were immunolocalized in the brain tissues of hyh mice and four hydrocephalic human foetuses relative to astroglial and microglial reactions. RESULTS The TGFβ1 mRNA levels were not significantly different between hyh mice exhibiting severe or compensated hydrocephalus and normal mice. In contrast, severely hydrocephalic mice exhibited four- and two-fold increases in the mean levels of TNFα and TNFαR1, respectively, compared with normal mice. In the hyh mouse, TNFα and TNFαR1 immunoreactivity was preferentially detected in astrocytes that form a particular periventricular reaction characteristic of hydrocephalus. However, these proteins were rarely detected in microglia, which did not appear to be activated. TNFα immunoreactivity was also detected in the glial reaction in the small group of human foetuses exhibiting hydrocephalus that were examined. CONCLUSIONS In the hyh mouse model of congenital hydrocephalus, TNFα and TNFαR1 appear to be associated with the severity of the disease, probably mediating the astrocyte reaction, neurodegenerative processes and ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio-Jesús Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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31
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Addington CP, Roussas A, Dutta D, Stabenfeldt SE. Endogenous repair signaling after brain injury and complementary bioengineering approaches to enhance neural regeneration. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:43-60. [PMID: 25983552 PMCID: PMC4429653 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 5.3 million Americans annually. Despite the many long-term deficits associated with TBI, there currently are no clinically available therapies that directly address the underlying pathologies contributing to these deficits. Preclinical studies have investigated various therapeutic approaches for TBI: two such approaches are stem cell transplantation and delivery of bioactive factors to mitigate the biochemical insult affiliated with TBI. However, success with either of these approaches has been limited largely due to the complexity of the injury microenvironment. As such, this review outlines the many factors of the injury microenvironment that mediate endogenous neural regeneration after TBI and the corresponding bioengineering approaches that harness these inherent signaling mechanisms to further amplify regenerative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Addington
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Roussas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dipankar Dutta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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32
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Dharmarajan S, Gurel Z, Wang S, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N, Belecky-Adams TL. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 regulates reactive gliosis in retinal astrocytes and Müller glia. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1085-108. [PMID: 25253985 PMCID: PMC4119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The focus of this study was to determine whether bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) trigger reactive gliosis in retinal astrocytes and/or Müller glial cells. METHODS Retinal astrocytes and the Müller glial cell line MIO-M1 were treated with vehicle, BMP7, or BMP4. Samples from the treated cells were analyzed for changes in gliosis markers using reverse transcriptase - quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. To determine potential similarities and differences in gliosis states, control and BMP-treated cells were compared to cells treated with sodium peroxynitrite (a strong oxidizing agent that will bring about some aspects of gliosis). Last, mature mice were microinjected intravitreally with BMP7 and analyzed for changes in gliosis markers using RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment of retinal astrocyte cells and Müller glial cells with BMP7 regulated various reactive gliosis markers. When compared to the response of cells treated with sodium peroxynitrite, the profiles of gliosis markers regulated due to exposure to BMP7 were similar. However, as expected, the profiles including the oxidative agent and growth factor were not identical. Treatment of cells with BMP4, however, showed an attenuated response in comparison to peroxynitrite and BMP7 treatment. Injection of BMP7 into the mouse retina also triggered a reactive gliosis response 7 days after injection. CONCLUSIONS BMP7 induced changes in levels of mRNA and protein markers typically associated with reactive gliosis in retinal astrocytes and Müller glial cells, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS), a subset of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Dharmarajan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,, Indianapolis, IN,Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zafer Gurel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, WI
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, WI
| | - Teri L. Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,, Indianapolis, IN,Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
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33
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Pitter KL, Tamagno I, Feng X, Ghosal K, Amankulor N, Holland EC, Hambardzumyan D. The SHH/Gli pathway is reactivated in reactive glia and drives proliferation in response to neurodegeneration-induced lesions. Glia 2014; 62:1595-607. [PMID: 24895267 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In response to neurodegeneration, the adult mammalian brain activates a cellular cascade that results in reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. The mechanism through which astrocytes become reactive and the physiological consequences of their activation in response to neurodegeneration is complex. While the activation and proliferation of astrocytes has been shown to occur during massive neuronal cell death, the functional relationship between these two events has not been clearly elucidated. Here we show that in response to kainic acid- (KA) induced neurodegeneration, the mitogen sonic hedgehog (SHH) is upregulated in reactive astrocytes. SHH activity peaks at 7 days and is accompanied by increased Gli activity and elevated proliferation in several cell types. To determine the functional role of SHH-Gli signaling following KA lesions, we used a pharmacological approach to show that SHH secreted by astrocytes drives the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. The consequences of SHH-Gli signaling in KA-induced lesions appear to be independent of the severity of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Pitter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; The Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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34
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Human stem cell-derived spinal cord astrocytes with defined mature or reactive phenotypes. Cell Rep 2013; 4:1035-1048. [PMID: 23994478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of astrocytes from human stem cells has significant potential for analysis of their role in normal brain function and disease, but existing protocols generate only immature astrocytes. Using early neuralization, we generated spinal cord astrocytes from mouse or human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency. Remarkably, short exposure to fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) or FGF2 was sufficient to direct these astrocytes selectively toward a mature quiescent phenotype, as judged by both marker expression and functional analysis. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β, but not FGFs, induced multiple elements of a reactive inflammatory phenotype but did not affect maturation. These phenotypically defined, scalable populations of spinal cord astrocytes will be important both for studying normal astrocyte function and for modeling human pathological processes in vitro.
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35
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Wip1 Phosphatase Involved in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:959-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Wang Y, Tian C, Zheng JC. FoxO3a contributes to the reprogramming process and the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2954-63. [PMID: 23815557 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are morphologically and functionally similar with embryonic stem (ES) cells, have been successfully generated from somatic cells through defined reprogramming transcription factors. Forkhead class O3a (FoxO3a) has been recently reported to play an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of certain types of stem cells; however, the role of FoxO3a in the reprogramming process and differentiation of iPS cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the function of FoxO3a during the reprogramming process and characterize the properties of iPS cells from FoxO3a-wild type and -null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our results show that the FoxO3a-null iPS cells are similar to the wild-type iPS cells in the levels of ES cell markers, alkaline phosphatase activity, and formation of teratoma in vivo. The reprogramming process is delayed in the FoxO3a-null MEFs compared to the wild-type MEFs; whereas the overexpression of FoxO3a partially recovers the impaired reprogramming efficiency in the null group. More importantly, FoxO3a deficiency impairs the neuronal lineage differentiation potential of iPS cells in vitro. These results suggest that FoxO3a affects the reprogramming kinetics and the neuronal lineage differentiation potential of the resulting iPS cells. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel function of FoxO3a in cell reprogramming, which will help the development of alternative strategies for generating iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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37
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FOXO3a involvement in the release of TNF-α stimulated by ATP in spinal cord astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:792-804. [PMID: 23860688 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is characterized by an inflammatory response that includes the increased expression of several cytokines and chemokines. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a critical endogenous signaling molecule in inflammation and immunity. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the proinflammatory cytokines stimulated by ATP are poorly understood. Mammalian forkhead members of the class O (FOXO) are involved in a variety of signaling pathways. In this study, we have found that ATP could selectively decrease the expression of FOXO1 and FOXO3a via the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Akt in spinal cord astrocytes. However, ATP had no effect on the expression of FOXO4 and FOXO6, and EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 all involve in the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced by ATP. In addition, we have researched that the overexpressed FOXO3a could specially inhibit the release of TNF-α increased by ATP, but the level of IL-6 induced by ATP was not decreased. Meanwhile, there was no change in the release of IL-6 and TNF-α after FOXO1 was overexpressed. Understanding the critical role of FOXO3a in astrocytes stimulated by ATP may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention after spinal cord injury.
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38
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Norsted Gregory E, Delaney A, Abdelmoaty S, Bas DB, Codeluppi S, Wigerblad G, Svensson CI. Pentoxifylline and propentofylline prevent proliferation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase in cultured spinal astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2012. [PMID: 23184810 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is an important feature in many disorders of the central nervous system, including chronic pain conditions. Activation of astrocytes is characterized by a change in morphology, including hypertrophy and increased size of processes, proliferation, and an increased production of proinflammatory mediators. The xanthine derivatives pentoxifylline and propentofylline are commonly used experimentally as glial inhibitors. These compounds are generally believed to attenuate glial activity by raising cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibiting glial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In the present study, we show that these substances inhibit TNF and serum-induced astrocyte proliferation and signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, demonstrated by decreased levels of phosphorylated S6 kinase (S6K), commonly used as a marker of mTOR complex (mTORC) activation. Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF. In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF-induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway. Our results suggest that pentoxifylline and propentofylline inhibit astrocyte activity in a broad fashion by attenuating flux through specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Norsted Gregory
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang H, Duan X, Ren Y, Liu Y, Huang M, Liu P, Wang R, Gao G, Zhou L, Feng Z, Zheng W. FoxO3a Negatively Regulates Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neuronal Differentiation Through Inhibiting the Expression of Neurochondrin in PC12 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:24-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hamdi Y, Kaddour H, Vaudry D, Bahdoudi S, Douiri S, Leprince J, Castel H, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M, Masmoudi-Kouki O. The octadecaneuropeptide ODN protects astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via a PKA/MAPK-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42498. [PMID: 22927932 PMCID: PMC3424241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) an endogenous ligand of both central-type benzodiazepine (CBR) and metabotropic receptors. We have recently shown that ODN exerts a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the type of receptor and the transduction pathways involved in the protective effect of ODN in cultured rat astrocytes. We have first observed a protective activity of ODN at very low concentrations that was abrogated by the metabotropic ODN receptor antagonist cyclo1–8[DLeu5]OP, but not by the CBR antagonist flumazenil. We have also found that the metabotropic ODN receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase in astrocytes and that the glioprotective action of ODN upon H2O2-induced astrocyte death is PKA- and MEK-dependent, but PLC/PKC-independent. Downstream of PKA, ODN induced ERK phosphorylation, which in turn activated the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and blocked the stimulation by H2O2 of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax. The effect of ODN on the Bax/Bcl-2 balance contributed to abolish the deleterious action of H2O2 on mitochondrial membrane integrity and caspase-3 activation. Finally, the inhibitory effect of ODN on caspase-3 activity was shown to be PKA and MEK-dependent. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that the potent glioprotective action of ODN against oxidative stress involves the metabotropic ODN receptor coupled to the PKA/ERK-kinase pathway to inhibit caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Hamdi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadhemi Kaddour
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Vaudry
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Douiri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Helene Castel
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- * E-mail: (MA), (HV)
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (MA), (HV)
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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