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Elsherbiny NM, Altemani R, Althagfi W, Albalawi M, Mohammedsaleh ZM, El-Sherbiny M, Abo El-Magd NF. Nifuroxazide repurposing for protection from diabetes-induced retinal injury in rats: Implication of oxidative stress and JAK/STAT3 axis. Biofactors 2024; 50:360-370. [PMID: 37737462 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is alarmingly increasing worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevailing DM microvascular complication, representing the major cause of blindness in working-age population. Inflammation is a crucial player in DR pathogenesis. JAK/STAT3 axis is a pleotropic cascade that modulates diverse inflammatory events. Nifuroxazide (Nifu) is a commonly used oral antibiotic with reported JAK/STAT3 inhibition activity. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of Nifu against diabetes-induced retinal injury. Effect of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis and downstream inflammatory mediators has been also studied. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Animals were assigned into four groups: normal, Nifu control, DM, and DM + Nifu. Nifu was orally administrated at 25 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. The effects of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis proteins, inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, histological, and ultrastructural alterations were evaluated using spectrophotometry, gene and protein analyses, and histological studies. Nifu administration to diabetic rats attenuated histopathological and signs of retinal injury. Additionally, Nifu attenuated retinal oxidative stress, inhibited JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation, augmented the expression of STAT3 signaling inhibitor SOCS3, dampened the expression of transcription factor of inflammation NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Collectively, the current study indicated that Nifu alleviated DR progression in diabetic rats, suggesting beneficial retino-protective effect. This can be attributed to blocking JAK/STAT3 axis in retinal tissues with subsequent amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Altemani
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Althagfi
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Albalawi
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada F Abo El-Magd
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Zhu T, Li Y, Zhu L, Xu J, Feng Z, Chen H, Shi S, Liu C, Ou Q, Gao F, Zhang J, Jin C, Xu J, Li J, Zhang J, Bi Y, Xu GT, Wang J, Tian H, Lu L. GMFB/AKT/TGF-β3 in Müller cells mediated early retinal degeneration in a streptozotocin-induced rat diabetes model. Glia 2024; 72:504-528. [PMID: 37904673 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration, characterized by Müller cell gliosis and photoreceptor apoptosis, is considered an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our previous study proposed that GMFB may mediate diabetic retinal degeneration. This study identified GMFB as a sensitive and functional gliosis marker for DR. Compared to the wild type (WT) group, Gmfb knockout (KO) significantly improved visual function, attenuated gliosis, reduced the apoptosis of neurons, and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf-α) and interleukin-1β (Il-1β) in diabetic retinas. Tgf-β3 was enriched by hub genes using RNA sequencing in primary WT and KO Müller cells. Gmfb KO significantly upregulated the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 protein level via the AKT pathway. The protective effect of TGF-β3 in the vitreous resulted in significantly improved visual function and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the diabetic retina. The protection of Gmfb KO in primary Müller cells against high glucose (HG)-induced photoreceptor apoptosis was partially counteracted by TGF-β3 antibody and administration of TGFBR1/2 inhibitors. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) binds to the promoter region of Gmfb and regulates Gmfb mRNA at the transcriptional level. NR3C1 was increased in the retinas of early diabetic rats but decreased in the retinas of late diabetic rats. N'-[(1E)-(3-Methoxyphenyl)Methylene]-3-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-5-Carbohydrazide (DS-5) was identified as an inhibitor of GMFB, having a protective role in DR. We demonstrated that GMFB/AKT/TGF-β3 mediated early diabetic retinal degeneration in diabetic rats. This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degeneration in patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Human Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Wang J, Chen Y, Xiao Z, Liu X, Liu C, Huang K, Chen H. Phase Separation of Chromatin Structure-related Biomolecules: A Driving Force for Epigenetic Regulations. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:553-566. [PMID: 38551058 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037296216240301074253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Intracellularly, membrane-less organelles are formed by spontaneous fusion and fission of macro-molecules in a process called phase separation, which plays an essential role in cellular activities. In certain disease states, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant phase separations take place and participate in disease progression. Chromatin structure-related proteins, based on their characteristics and upon external stimuli, phase separate to exert functions like genome assembly, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, many chromatin structure-related proteins, such as histones, histone-modifying enzymes, DNA-modifying enzymes, and DNA methylation binding proteins, are involved in epigenetic regulations through phase separation. This review introduces phase separation and how phase separation affects epigenetics with a focus on chromatin structure-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- ISA Wenhua Wuhan High School, Fenglin Road, Junshan New Town, Wuhan Economics & Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430119, China
| | - Xikai Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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4
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Liu DD, Zhang CY, Zhang JT, Gu LM, Xu GT, Zhang JF. Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1441-1449. [PMID: 36571340 PMCID: PMC10075108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated. The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression. In this review, we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Min Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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5
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Liu H, Ghosh S, Vaidya T, Bammidi S, Huang C, Shang P, Nair AP, Chowdhury O, Stepicheva NA, Strizhakova A, Hose S, Mitrousis N, Gadde SG, MB T, Strassburger P, Widmer G, Lad EM, Fort PE, Sahel JA, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Westenskow PD, Proia AD, Sodhi A, Ghosh A, Feenstra D, Sinha D. Activated cGAS/STING signaling elicits endothelial cell senescence in early diabetic retinopathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168945. [PMID: 37345657 PMCID: PMC10371250 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults and remains an important public health issue worldwide. Here we demonstrate that the expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is increased in patients with DR and animal models of diabetic eye disease. STING has been previously shown to regulate cell senescence and inflammation, key contributors to the development and progression of DR. To investigate the mechanism whereby STING contributes to the pathogenesis of DR, diabetes was induced in STING-KO mice and STINGGT (loss-of-function mutation) mice, and molecular alterations and pathological changes in the retina were characterized. We report that retinal endothelial cell senescence, inflammation, and capillary degeneration were all inhibited in STING-KO diabetic mice; these observations were independently corroborated in STINGGT mice. These protective effects resulted from the reduction in TBK1, IRF3, and NF-κB phosphorylation in the absence of STING. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting STING may be an effective therapy for the early prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peng Shang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadezda A. Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anastasia Strizhakova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mitrousis
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thirumalesh MB
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pamela Strassburger
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Widmer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora M. Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrice E. Fort
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institut De La Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Peter D. Westenskow
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan D. Proia
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Derrick Feenstra
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Fu X, Feng S, Qin H, Yan L, Zheng C, Yao K. Microglia: The breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1100254. [PMID: 36756614 PMCID: PMC9899825 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident retinal macrophages that monitor neuronal activity in real-time and facilitate angiogenesis during retinal development. In certain retinal diseases, the activated microglia promote retinal angiogenesis in hypoxia stress through neurovascular coupling and guide neovascularization to avascular areas (e.g., the outer nuclear layer and macula lutea). Furthermore, continuously activated microglia secrete inflammatory factors and expedite the loss of the blood-retinal barrier which causes irreversible damage to the secondary death of neurons. In this review, we support microglia can be a potential cellular therapeutic target in retinopathy. We briefly describe the relevance of microglia to the retinal vasculature and blood-retinal barrier. Then we discuss the signaling pathway related to how microglia move to their destinations and regulate vascular regeneration. We summarize the properties of microglia in different retinal disease models and propose that reducing the number of pro-inflammatory microglial death and conversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory are feasible for treating retinal neovascularization and the damaged blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Finally, we suppose that the unique properties of microglia may aid in the vascularization of retinal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Kai Yao,
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7
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Hong L, Lin Y, Yang X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Yu J, Zhao H, Yi G, Fu M. A Narrative Review of STAT Proteins in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Prospects. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:2005-2026. [PMID: 36208390 PMCID: PMC9547576 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, is one of the high-incidence chronic complications of diabetes. However, the current treatment for DR is mainly based on advanced pathological changes, which cannot reverse pre-existing retinal tissue damage and visual impairment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are essential in DR through early and late stages. They participate in the early stage of DR through multiple mechanisms and have a strong proangiogenic effect in the late stage. Inhibiting STAT proteins activity has also achieved a significant effect in reversing the pathological changes of DR. Thus, STAT proteins are expected to be an effective therapeutic target in the early stage of DR and can make up for inadequate late treatment. This review introduces the structure, signal transduction mode, and biological functions of STAT proteins in detail and focuses on their role in the mechanism of DR. We also summarize the current research on STAT-related biological agents in DR, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Hong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Xie
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Yu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejia Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Abcouwer SF, Shanmugam S, Muthusamy A, Lin CM, Kong D, Hager H, Liu X, Antonetti DA. Inflammatory resolution and vascular barrier restoration after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:186. [PMID: 34446062 PMCID: PMC8394696 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several retinal pathologies exhibit both inflammation and breakdown of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) resulting in vascular permeability, suggesting that treatments that trigger resolution of inflammation may also promote iBRB restoration. Methods Using the mouse retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury model, we followed the time course of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and iBRB disruption and repair to examine the relationship between resolution of inflammation and iBRB restoration and to determine if minocycline, a tetracycline derivative shown to reverse microglial activation, can hasten these processes. Results A 90-min ischemic insult followed by reperfusion in the retina induced cell apoptosis and inner retina thinning that progressed for approximately 2 weeks. IR increased vascular permeability within hours, which resolved between 3 and 4 weeks after injury. Increased vascular permeability coincided with alteration and loss of endothelial cell tight junction (TJ) protein content and disorganization of TJ protein complexes. Shunting of blood flow away from leaky vessels and dropout of leaky capillaries were eliminated as possible mechanisms for restoring the iBRB. Repletion of TJ protein contents occurred within 2 days after injury, long before restoration of the iBRB. In contrast, the eventual re-organization of TJ complexes at the cell border coincided with restoration of the barrier. A robust inflammatory response was evident a 1 day after IR and progressed to resolution over the 4-week time course. The inflammatory response included a rapid and transient infiltration of granulocytes and Ly6C+ classical inflammatory monocytes, a slow accumulation of Ly6Cneg monocyte/macrophages, and activation, proliferation, and mobilization of resident microglia. Extravasation of the majority of CD45+ leukocytes occurred from the superficial plexus. The presence of monocyte/macrophages and increased numbers of microglia were sustained until the iBRB was eventually restored. Intervention with minocycline to reverse microglial activation at 1 week after injury promoted early restoration of the iBRB coinciding with decreased expression of mRNAs for the microglial M1 markers TNF-α, IL-1β, and Ptgs2 (Cox-2) and increased expression of secreted serine protease inhibitor Serpina3n mRNA. Conclusions These results suggest that iBRB restoration occurs as TJ complexes are reorganized and that resolution of inflammation and restoration of the iBRB following retinal IR injury are functionally linked. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02237-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Sumathi Shanmugam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | | | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Heather Hager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xuwen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Yang J, Miao X, Yang FJ, Cao JF, Liu X, Fu JL, Su GF. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:75. [PMID: 33693955 PMCID: PMC7949626 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus. It has become the leading cause of blindness among working individuals worldwide. DR is becoming increasingly common among younger diabetic patients and there is a need for lifelong treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms of DR are influenced by a number of factors, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, among others. Currently, the treatment methods for DR mainly include retinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy, or anti‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, these methods have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, it is a matter of great interest and urgency to discover drugs that can target the pathogenesis of DR. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated extensive experiences in the use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, curcumin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. A number of studies have also demonstrated that curcumin has multiple biological activities, including exerting anti‑apoptotic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In recent years, studies have also confirmed that curcumin can prevent a variety of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the preventive and curative effects of curcumin on DR and its mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetes mellitus and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Juan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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10
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The innate immune system in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100940. [PMID: 33429059 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults in the United States. Historically, DR has been diagnosed and classified clinically based on what is visible by fundoscopy; that is vasculature alterations. However, recent technological advances have confirmed pathology of the neuroretina prior to any detectable vascular changes. These, coupled with molecular studies, and the positive impact of anti-inflammatory therapeutics in DR patients have highlighted the central involvement of the innate immune system. Reminiscent of the systemic impact of diabetes, immune dysregulation has become increasingly identified as a key element of the pathophysiology of DR by interfering with normal homeostatic systems. This review uses the growing body of literature across various model systems to demonstrate the clear involvement of all three pillars of the immune system: immune-competent cells, mediators, and the complement system. It also demonstrates how the relative contribution of each of these requires more extensive analysis, including in human tissues over the continuum of disease progression. Finally, although this review demonstrates how the complex interactions of the immune system pose many more questions than answers, the intimately connected nature of the three pillars of the immune system may also point to possible new targets to reverse or even halt reverse retinopathy.
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11
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Yu Y, Xue S, Chen K, Le Y, Zhu R, Wang S, Liu S, Cheng X, Guan H, Wang JM, Chen H. The G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor Fpr2 exacerbates neuroglial dysfunction and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:613-623. [PMID: 33089077 PMCID: PMC7566047 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a retinal neovascularization‐related disease is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in patients. The goal of this study is to determine the role of a G‐protein‐coupled chemoattractant receptor (GPCR) FPR2 (mouse Fpr2) in the progression of DR, in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. We report that Fpr2 was markedly upregulated in mouse diabetic retinas, especially in retinal vascular endothelial cells, in associated with increased number of activated microglia and Müller glial cells. In contrast, in the retina of diabetic Fpr2−/− mice, the activation of vascular endothelial cells and glia was attenuated with reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Fpr2 deficiency also prevented the formation of acellular capillary during diabetic progression. Furthermore, in oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) mice, the absence of Fpr2 was associated with diminished neovasculature formation and pathological vaso‐obliteration region in the retina. These results highlight the importance of Fpr2 in exacerbating the progression of neuroglial degeneration and angiogenesis in DR and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China.,Cancer and Inflammation Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick MD USA
| | - Shengding Xue
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick MD USA
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Xinliang Cheng
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick MD USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Institute Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
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12
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Wu LH, Huang BR, Lai SW, Lin C, Lin HY, Yang LY, Lu DY. SIRT1 activation by minocycline on regulation of microglial polarization homeostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17990-18007. [PMID: 33021962 PMCID: PMC7585093 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to be involved in the mechanisms underlying longevity and has also been indicated as a valuable regulator of age-related neurological disorders. Some natural products increase SIRT1 activity and stimulate deacetylation of various proteins. In the present study, SIRT1 overexpression by genetic modification or treatment with SIRT1 activators significantly inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and proinflammatory mediator-interleukin 1β-in microglia. SIRT1 activation also decreased the levels of K379 acetyl-p53 and the protein inhibitor of activated Stat 1 expression in microglial cells. In addition, it dramatically promoted M2 polarization of microglia, which enhanced cell motility and altered phagocytic ability. We also used minocycline, a well-known inhibitor of microglial activation, to study the mechanism of SIRT1 signaling. Minocycline treatment decreased neuroinflammatory responses and promoted M2 polarization of microglia. It also reduced the acetyl-p53 level in the brain tissues in an inflammatory mouse model. Our findings demonstrated that SIRT1 participates in the maintenance of microglial polarization homeostasis and that minocycline exerts regulatory effects on SIRT1 activation. Therefore, our results indicate that SIRT1 activation may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Li Y, Lu B, Sheng L, Zhu Z, Sun H, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Xue D, Chen W, Tian X, Du Y, Yan M, Zhu W, Xing F, Li K, Lin S, Qiu P, Su X, Huang Y, Yan G, Yin W. Hexokinase 2-dependent hyperglycolysis driving microglial activation contributes to ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 144:186-200. [PMID: 29205357 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycolysis, observed within the penumbra zone during brain ischemia, was shown to be detrimental for tissue survival because of lactate accumulation and reactive oxygen species overproduction in clinical and experimental settings. Recently, mounting evidence suggests that glycolytic reprogramming and induced metabolic enzymes can fuel the activation of peripheral immune cells. However, the possible roles and details regarding hyperglycolysis in neuroinflammation during ischemia are relatively poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether overactivated glycolysis could activate microglia and identified the crucial regulators of neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Using BV 2 and primary microglial cultures, we found hyperglycolysis and induction of the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) were essential for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation under hypoxia. Mechanistically, HK2 up-regulation led to accumulated acetyl-coenzyme A, which accounted for the subsequent histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of interleukin (IL)-1β. The inhibition and selective knockdown of HK2 in vivo significantly protected against ischemic brain injury by suppressing microglial activation and IL-1β production in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) surgery. We provide novel insights for HK2 specifically serving as a neuroinflammatory determinant, thus explaining the neurotoxic effect of hyperglycolysis and indicating the possibility of selectively targeting HK2 as a therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longxiang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjiaqi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suizhen Lin
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co. ltd., Science City, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Malek G, Busik J, Grant MB, Choudhary M. Models of retinal diseases and their applicability in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:359-377. [PMID: 29382242 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1430136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of vision debilitating diseases is a global public health concern, which will continue until effective preventative and management protocols are developed. Two retinal diseases responsible for the majority of vision loss in the working age adults and elderly populations are diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), respectively. Model systems, which recapitulate aspects of human pathology, are valid experimental modalities that have contributed to the identification of signaling pathways involved in disease development and consequently potential therapies. Areas covered: The pathology of DR and AMD, which serve as the basis for designing appropriate models of disease, is discussed. The authors also review in vitro and in vivo models of DR and AMD and evaluate the utility of these models in exploratory and pre-clinical studies. Expert opinion: The complex nature of non-Mendelian diseases such as DR and AMD has made identification of effective therapeutic treatments challenging. However, the authors believe that while in vivo models are often criticized for not being a 'perfect' recapitulation of disease, they have been valuable experimentally when used with consideration of the strengths and limitations of the experimental model selected and have a place in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Julia Busik
- c Department of Physiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- d Department of Ophthalmology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Al , USA
| | - Mayur Choudhary
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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15
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Syncytin-1, an endogenous retroviral protein, triggers the activation of CRP via TLR3 signal cascade in glial cells. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:324-334. [PMID: 28928004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that impacts on social functioning and quality of life, and there is accumulating evidence that inflammation is a potential pathogenic mechanism of schizophrenia. However, the mechanism of inflammation possibly occurred in schizophrenia has not been well understood. The endogenous retroviral protein syncytin-1 and inflammatory marker CRP are both abnormally expressed in schizophrenia patients. CRP is one of the markers of bacterial infection generally. Less clear is whether virus or viral protein can trigger the activation of CRP. Here, we detected a robust increase of the levels of syncytin-1 and CRP in schizophrenia patients, and displayed a positive correlation and marked consistency between expressions of syncytin-1 and CRP in schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, overexpression of syncytin-1 significantly elevated the levels of CRP, TLR3, and IL-6 in both human microglia and astrocytes. TLR3 deficiency impaired the expressions of CRP and IL-6 induced by syncytin-1. Importantly, we observed a cellular co-localization and a direct interaction between syncytin-1 and TLR3. Additionally, knockdown of IL-6 inhibited the syncytin-1-induced CRP expression. Thus, the totality of these results showed that viral protein syncytin-1 could trigger the activation of CRP, which might explain the elevated CRP in sterile inflammation and exhibit a novel mechanism for regulation of inflammation by syncytin-1 in schizophrenia.
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16
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Coughlin BA, Feenstra DJ, Mohr S. Müller cells and diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res 2017; 139:93-100. [PMID: 28866025 PMCID: PMC5794018 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are one of the primary glial cell types found in the retina and play a significant role in maintaining retinal function and health. Since Müller cells are the only cell type to span the entire width of the retina and have contact to almost every cell type in the retina they are uniquely positioned to perform a wide variety of functions necessary to maintaining retinal homeostasis. In the healthy retina, Müller cells recycle neurotransmitters, prevent glutamate toxicity, redistribute ions by spatial buffering, participate in the retinoid cycle, and regulate nutrient supplies by multiple mechanisms. Any disturbance to the retinal environment is going to influence proper Müller cell function and well being which in turn will affect the entire retina. This is evident in a disease like diabetic retinopathy where Müller cells contribute to neuronal dysfunction, the production of pro-angiogenic factors leading to neovascularization, the set up of a chronic inflammatory retinal environment, and eventual cell death. In this review, we highlight the importance of Müller cells in maintaining a healthy and functioning retina and discuss various pathological events of diabetic retinopathy in which Müller cells seem to play a crucial role. The beneficial and detrimental effects of cytokine and growth factor production by Müller cells on the microvasculature and retinal neuronal tissue will be outlined. Understanding Müller cell functions within the retina and restoring such function in diabetic retinopathy should become a cornerstone for developing effective therapies to treat diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Derrick J Feenstra
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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17
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Liu S, Sun Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Tian Y, Xue W, Ding N, Sun Y, Cheng C, Li J, Miao X, Liu X, Zheng L, Huang K. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promotes liver tumorigenesis by modulating phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Hepatology 2017; 66:631-645. [PMID: 28387968 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Up-regulated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is observed in multiple cancers with unclear mechanism. Using GAPDH transgenic mouse and a mouse model of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), here we show that GAPDH overexpression aggravated tumor development by activating cell proliferation and inflammation. In cultured hepatic cells, overexpression of GAPDH or a catalytic domain-deleted GAPDH (GAPDHΔCD ) affected metabolism, up-regulated phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), increased histone methylation levels, and promoted proliferation. Consistently, inhibition of GAPDH by short hairpin RNA reprogrammed metabolism down-regulated PHGDH and histone methylation, and inhibited proliferation. The xenograft study suggested that HepG2 cells overexpressing GAPDH or GAPDHΔCD similarly promoted tumor development, whereas knockdown PHGDH in GAPDH overexpressing cells significantly inhibited tumor development. In liver sections of HCC patients, increased GAPDH staining was found to be positively correlated with PHGDH and histone methylation staining. CONCLUSION GAPDH increases histone methylation levels by up-regulating PHGDH, promoting diversion from glycolysis to serine biosynthesis, and consequently accelerating HCC development. (Hepatology 2017;66:631-645).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Weili Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ninghe Ding
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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18
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Wang W, Sidoli S, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang L, Jensen ON, Guo L, Zhao X, Zheng L. Abnormal levels of histone methylation in the retinas of diabetic rats are reversed by minocycline treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45103. [PMID: 28338045 PMCID: PMC5364468 DOI: 10.1038/srep45103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we quantified the alterations of retinal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in diabetic rats using a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Some diabetic rats were subsequently treated with minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, which has been shown to inhibit the diabetes-induced chronic inflammation in the retinas of rodents. We quantified 266 differentially modified histone peptides, including 48 out of 83 methylation marks with significantly different abundancein retinas of diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic controls. About 67% of these marks had their relative abundance restored to non-diabetic levels after minocycline treatment. Mono- and di-methylation states of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1/me2), markers related to DNA damage response, were found to be up-regulated in the retinas of diabetic rats and restored to control levels upon minocycline treatment. DNA damage response biomarkers showed the same pattern once quantified by western blotting. Collectively, this study indicates that alteration of some histone methylation levels is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy in rodents, and the beneficial effect of minocycline on the retinas of diabetic rodents is partially through its ability to normalize the altered histone methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lin Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
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19
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Wang W, Wang Q, Wan D, Sun Y, Wang L, Chen H, Liu C, Petersen RB, Li J, Xue W, Zheng L, Huang K. Histone HIST1H1C/H1.2 regulates autophagy in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Autophagy 2017; 13:941-954. [PMID: 28409999 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1293768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays critical and complex roles in many human diseases, including diabetes and its complications. However, the role of autophagy in the development of diabetic retinopathy remains uncertain. Core histone modifications have been reported involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy, but little is known about the histone variants. Here, we observed increased autophagy and histone HIST1H1C/H1.2, an important variant of the linker histone H1, in the retinas of type 1 diabetic rodents. Overexpression of histone HIST1H1C upregulates SIRT1 and HDAC1 to maintain the deacetylation status of H4K16, leads to upregulation of ATG proteins, then promotes autophagy in cultured retinal cell line. Histone HIST1H1C overexpression also promotes inflammation and cell toxicity in vitro. Knockdown of histone HIST1H1C reduces both the basal and stresses (including high glucose)-induced autophagy, and inhibits high glucose induced inflammation and cell toxicity. Importantly, AAV-mediated histone HIST1H1C overexpression in the retinas leads to increased autophagy, inflammation, glial activation and neuron loss, similar to the pathological changes identified in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, knockdown of histone Hist1h1c by siRNA in the retinas of diabetic mice significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced autophagy, inflammation, glial activation and neuron loss. These results indicate that histone HIST1H1C may offer a novel therapeutic target for preventing diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Qing Wang
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Danyang Wan
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yue Sun
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Lin Wang
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Hong Chen
- b Tongji School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- b Tongji School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- c Departments of Pathology , Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Jianshuang Li
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Weili Xue
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Ling Zheng
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis , College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Kun Huang
- b Tongji School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,d Centre for Biomedicine Research , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
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Qiu AW, Liu QH, Wang JL. Blocking IL-17A Alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy in Rodents. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:960-972. [PMID: 28222445 DOI: 10.1159/000460514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear whether IL-17A is involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most serious complications of autoimmune diabetes. This study aimed to demonstrate that IL-17A exacerbates DR by affecting retinal Müller cell function. METHODS High glucose (HG)-treated rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) was exposed to IL-17A, anti-IL-17A-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) or/and anti-IL-17 receptor (R)A-neutralizing mAb for 24 h. For in vivo study, DR was induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). DR model mice were treated with anti-IL-17A mAb or anti-IL-17RA mAb in the vitreous cavity. Mice that were prepared for retinal angiography were sacrificed two weeks after intravitreal injection, while the rest were sacrificed two days after intravitreal injection. RESULTS IL-17A production and IL-17RA expression were increased in both HG-treated rMC-1 and DR retina. HG induced rMC-1 activation and dysfunction, as determined by the increased GFAP, VEGF and glutamate levels as well as the downregulated GS and EAAT1 expression. IL-17A exacerbated the HG-induced rMC-1 functional disorders, whereas either anti-IL-17A mAb or anti-IL-17RA mAb alleviated the HG-induced rMC-1 disorders. Intravitreal injections with anti-IL-17A mAb or anti-IL-17RA mAb in DR model mice reduced Müller cell dysfunction, vascular leukostasis, vascular leakage, tight junction protein downregulation and ganglion cell apoptosis in the retina. CONCLUSIONS IL-17A aggravates DR-like pathology at least partly by impairing retinal Müller cell function. Blocking IL-17A is a potential therapeutic strategy for DR.
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IL-17A exacerbates diabetic retinopathy by impairing Müller cell function via Act1 signaling. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e280. [PMID: 27980343 PMCID: PMC5192073 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, has been associated with inflammatory processes. We have recently reported that interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine, is increased in the plasma of diabetic patients. Further investigation is required to clarify the role of IL-17A in DR. Ins2Akita (Akita) diabetic mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated primary Müller cells were used to mimic DR-like pathology. Diabetes induced retinal expression of IL-17A and IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) in Müller cells in contrast to ganglion cells. Further evidence demonstrated that retinal Müller cells cultured in vitro increased IL-17A and IL-17RA expression as well as IL-17A secretion in the HG condition. In both the HG-treated Müller cells and Akita mouse retina, the Act1/TRAF6/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. IL-17A further enhanced inflammatory signaling activation, whereas Act1 knockdown or IKK inhibition blocked the downstream signaling activation by IL-17A. HG- and diabetes-induced Müller cell activation and dysfunction, as determined by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor and glutamate levels and decreased glutamine synthetase and excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression, were exacerbated by IL-17A; however, they were alleviated by Act1 knockdown or IKK inhibition. In addition, IL-17A intravitreal injection aggravated diabetes-induced retinal vascular leukostasis, vascular leakage and ganglion cell apoptosis, whereas Act1 silencing or anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody ameliorated the retinal vascular damage and neuronal cell apoptosis. These findings establish that IL-17A exacerbates DR-like pathology by the promotion of Müller cell functional impairment via Act1 signaling.
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Minocycline attenuates bone cancer pain in rats by inhibiting NF-κB in spinal astrocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:753-62. [PMID: 27157092 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-nociceptive effect of minocycline on bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats. METHODS A rat model of BCP was established by inoculating Walker 256 mammary carcinoma cells into tibial medullary canal. Two weeks later, the rats were injected with minocycline (50, 100 μg, intrathecally; or 40, 80 mg/kg, ip) twice daily for 3 consecutive days. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was used to assess pain behavior. After the rats were euthanized, spinal cords were harvested for immunoblotting analyses. The effects of minocycline on NF-κB activation were also examined in primary rat astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β in vitro. RESULTS BCP rats had marked bone destruction, and showed mechanical tactile allodynia on d 7 and d 14 after the operation. Intrathecal injection of minocycline (100 μg) or intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (80 mg/kg) reversed BCP-induced mechanical tactile allodynia. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (80 mg/kg) reversed BCP-induced upregulation of GFAP (astrocyte marker) and PSD95 in spinal cord. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (80 mg/kg) reversed BCP-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p-IKKα and IκBα in spinal cord. In IL-1β-stimulated primary rat astrocytes, pretreatment with minocycline (75, 100 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus. CONCLUSION Minocycline effectively alleviates BCP by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in spinal astrocytes.
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Li MF, Zhang R, Li TT, Chen MY, Li LX, Lu JX, Jia WP. High Glucose Increases the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokine Genes in Macrophages Through H3K9 Methyltransferase Mechanism. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:48-61. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Xi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Vay SU, Blaschke S, Klein R, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA. Minocycline mitigates the gliogenic effects of proinflammatory cytokines on neural stem cells. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:149-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ulrike Vay
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Stefan Blaschke
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Rebecca Klein
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich; Juelich Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich; Juelich Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich; Juelich Germany
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Yu Y, Chen H, Su SB. Neuroinflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:141. [PMID: 26245868 PMCID: PMC4527131 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has been recognized as a vascular dysfunction leading to blindness in working-age adults. It becomes increasingly clear that neural cells in retina play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Neural retina located at the back of the eye is part of the brain and a representative of the central nervous system. The neurosensory deficits seen in DR are related to inflammation and occur prior to the clinically identifiable vascular complications. The neural deficits are associated with abnormal reactions of retina glial cells and neurons in response to hyperglycemia. Improper activation of the innate immune system may also be an important contributor to the pathophysiology of DR. Therefore, DR manifests characteristics of both vasculopathy and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases. In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of the current understanding of inflammation in neural retina abnormalities in diabetes. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to the prevention of the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Shao Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Vecino E, Rodriguez FD, Ruzafa N, Pereiro X, Sharma SC. Glia-neuron interactions in the mammalian retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:1-40. [PMID: 26113209 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia-neuron interactions and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in the mammalian retina that serve to maintain retinal homeostasis: astrocytes, Müller cells and resident microglia. Müller cells, astrocytes and microglia not only provide structural support but they are also involved in metabolism, the phagocytosis of neuronal debris, the release of certain transmitters and trophic factors and K(+) uptake. Astrocytes are mostly located in the nerve fibre layer and they accompany the blood vessels in the inner nuclear layer. Indeed, like Müller cells, astrocytic processes cover the blood vessels forming the retinal blood barrier and they fulfil a significant role in ion homeostasis. Among other activities, microglia can be stimulated to fulfil a macrophage function, as well as to interact with other glial cells and neurons by secreting growth factors. This review summarizes the main functional relationships between retinal glial cells and neurons, presenting a general picture of the retina recently modified based on experimental observations. The preferential involvement of the distinct glia cells in terms of the activity in the retina is discussed, for example, while Müller cells may serve as progenitors of retinal neurons, astrocytes and microglia are responsible for synaptic pruning. Since different types of glia participate together in certain activities in the retina, it is imperative to explore the order of redundancy and to explore the heterogeneity among these cells. Recent studies revealed the association of glia cell heterogeneity with specific functions. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of glia on photoreceptors and ganglion cells under normal and adverse conditions will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vecino
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - F David Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, E-37007, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Ruzafa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Xandra Pereiro
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Sansar C Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science at Dept. Cell Biology and Histology, UPV/EHU, Spain
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Chen H, Wan D, Wang L, Peng A, Xiao H, Petersen RB, Liu C, Zheng L, Huang K. Apelin protects against acute renal injury by inhibiting TGF-β1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1278-87. [PMID: 25748499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury, having a high rate of mortality and no effective therapy currently available. Apelin-13, a bioactive peptide, has been shown to inhibit the early lesions of diabetic nephropathy in several mouse models by us and others. To test whether apelin-13 protects against renal I/R induced injury, male rats were exposed to renal I/R injury with or without apelin-13 treatment for 3 days. Apelin-13 treatment markedly reduced the injury-induced tubular lesions, renal cell apoptosis, and normalized the injury induced renal dysfunction. Apelin-13 treatment inhibited the injury-induced elevation of inflammatory factors and Tgf-β1, as well as apoptosis. Apelin-13 treatment also inhibited the injury-induced elevation of histone methylation and Kmt2d, a histone methyltransferase of H3K4me2, following renal I/R injury. Furthermore, in cultured renal mesangial and tubular cells, apelin-13 suppressed the injury-induced elevation of Tgf-β1, apoptosis, H3K4me2 and Kmt2d under the in vitro hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) conditions. Consistently, over-expression of apelin significantly inhibited H/R-induced elevation of TGF-β1, apoptosis, H3K4me2 and Kmt2d. The present study therefore suggests apelin-13 may be a therapeutic candidate for treating acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030; Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Danyang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Anlin Peng
- Wuhan the Third Hospital, Wuhan, China, 430060
| | - Hongdou Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106; Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030; Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072.
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030; Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China, 430074.
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Huang J, Wan D, Li J, Chen H, Huang K, Zheng L. Histone acetyltransferase PCAF regulates inflammatory molecules in the development of renal injury. Epigenetics 2015; 10:62-72. [PMID: 25496441 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.990780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), are associated with inflammation. The mechanism that regulates inflammation in these renal injuries remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, was overexpressed in the kidneys of db/db mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice. Moreover, elevated histone acetylation, such as H3K18ac, and up-regulation of some inflammatory genes, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1, were found upon these renal injuries. Furthermore, increased H3K18ac was recruited to the promoters of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1 in the kidneys of LPS-injected mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that PCAF knockdown in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) led to downregulation of inflammatory molecules, including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p50 subunit of NF-κB (p50), and MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels, together with significantly decreased H3K18ac level. Consistent with these, overexpression of PCAF enhanced the expression of inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, PCAF deficiency reduced palmitate-induced recruitment of H3K18ac on the promoters of ICAM-1 and MCP-1, as well as inhibited palmitate-induced upregulation of these inflammatory molecules. In summary, the present work demonstrates that PCAF plays an essential role in the regulation of inflammatory molecules through H3K18ac, which provides a potential therapeutic target for inflammation-related renal diseases.
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Key Words
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- COL4, type IV collagen
- GNAT, GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases
- HATs, histone acetyltransferases
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HL, hyperlipidemia
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PCAF
- PCAF, p300/CBP-associated factor
- TGFβ-1, transforming growth factor β-1
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- acute kidney injury
- diabetic nephropathy
- histone acetylations
- inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- a College of Life Sciences ; Wuhan University ; Wuhan , Hubei , China
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30
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Epigenetic modifications as potential therapeutic targets in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shen W, Lee SR, Araujo J, Chung SH, Zhu L, Gillies MC. Effect of glucocorticoids on neuronal and vascular pathology in a transgenic model of selective Müller cell ablation. Glia 2014; 62:1110-24. [PMID: 24687761 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases such as macular telangiectasis type 2 (MacTel), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affect both neurons and blood vessels. Treatments addressing both at the same time might have advantages over more specific approaches, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, which are used to treat vascular leak but are suspected to have a neurotoxic effect. Here, we studied the effects of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in a transgenic model in which patchy Müller cell ablation leads to photoreceptor degeneration, vascular leak, and intraretinal neovascularization. TA was injected 4 days before Müller cell ablation. Changes in photoreceptors, microglia and Müller cells, retinal vasculature, differential expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR) ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), the precursor and mature forms of neurotrophin 3 (pro-NT3 and mature NT3) and activation of the p53 and p38 stress-activated protein kinase (p38/SAPK) signaling pathways were examined. We found that TA prevented photoreceptor degeneration and inhibited activation of microglial and Müller cells. TA attenuated Müller cell loss and inhibited overexpression of p75(NTR) , TNFα, pro-NT, and the activation of p53 and p38/SAPK signaling pathways. TA not only prevented the development of retinal vascular lesions but also inhibited fluorescein leakage from established vascular lesions. TA inhibited overexpression of VEGF in transgenic mice but without affecting its basal level expression in the normal retina. Our data suggest that glucocorticoid treatment may be beneficial for treatment of retinal diseases such as MacTel, AMD, and DR that affect both neurons and the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Shen
- Macular Research Group. Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Zhao X, Sidoli S, Wang L, Wang W, Guo L, Jensen ON, Zheng L. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications upon Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Injury. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2175-86. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhao
- College
of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Leilei Wang
- College
of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College
of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- College
of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ling Zheng
- College
of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Chen H, Li J, Jiao L, Petersen RB, Li J, Peng A, Zheng L, Huang K. Apelin inhibits the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating histone acetylation in Akita mouse. J Physiol 2013; 592:505-21. [PMID: 24247978 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.266411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Increasing numbers of patients are suffering from this disease and therefore novel medications and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Here, we investigated whether apelin-13, the most active member of the adipokine apelin group, could effectively suppress the development of nephropathy in Akita mouse, a spontaneous type 1 diabetic model. Apelin-13 treatment decreased diabetes-induced glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and renal inflammation. The inflammatory factors, activation of NF-κB, histone acetylation and the enzymes involved in histone acetylation were further examined in diabetic kidneys and high glucose- or sodium butyrate-treated mesangial cells in the presence or absence of apelin-13. Apelin-13 treatment inhibited diabetes-, high glucose- and NaB-induced elevation of inflammatory factors, and histone hyperacetylation by upregulation of histone deacetylase 1. Furthermore, overexpression of apelin in mesangial cells induced histone deacetylation under high glucose condition. Thus, apelin-13 may be a novel therapeutic candidate for treatment of diabetic nephropathy via regulation of histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; Kun Huang: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Effect of Liraglutide on endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:133-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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DNA hypomethylation of inflammation-associated genes in adipose tissue of female mice after multigenerational high fat diet feeding. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:198-204. [PMID: 23736364 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity significantly increases the susceptibility of offspring to develop obesity and chronic diseases in adulthood. The offspring of obese mothers are shown to prefer high fat diet (HFD) due to their altered neural circuitry, creating a 'feed-forward cycle' across generations. We hypothesized that the 'feed-forward cycle' caused by multigenerational HFD feeding would have exacerbated effects in adipose tissue of the offspring. METHODS Three generations (F0, F1 and F2) of HFD (60% Kcal fat)-fed and corresponding normal chow (NC)-fed C57BL/6 mice were generated. Body weight (BW) and food intake were monitored weekly. Parametrial adipose tissue (pAT) weight and endocrine parameters were measured in 9-month-old female offspring. Gene expression microarray, quantitative RT-PCR and bisulfite sequencing were performed using pAT. RESULTS BW and pAT weight increased in female mice across generations under continuous HFD stress, with the most severe phenotype found in the F2 generation. Genes involved in inflammatory response showed increased expression across generations in the pAT, accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration. The promoters of Toll-like receptor 1 (Tlr1), Tlr2 and linker for activation of T cells (Lat) were hypomethylated in the HF groups compared with the NC group, with additional hypomethylation on some specific CpG sites in the F2 generation. CONCLUSIONS A feed-forward cycle exists in female mice after continuous HFD stress as demonstrated by increased adiposity and progressive inflammation in adipose tissue across generations. DNA hypomethylation over generations lead to epigenetically altered expression of Tlr1, Tlr2 and Lat, which may contribute to the inflammation in adipose tissue. Our study provides a potential mechanism for enhanced inflammation in adipose tissue under multigenerational HFD-fed stress.
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Wang LL, Sun Y, Huang K, Zheng L. Curcumin, a potential therapeutic candidate for retinal diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1557-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | | | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
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