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Fu W, Vasylyev D, Bi Y, Zhang M, Sun G, Khleborodova A, Huang G, Zhao L, Zhou R, Li Y, Liu S, Cai X, He W, Cui M, Zhao X, Hettinghouse A, Good J, Kim E, Strauss E, Leucht P, Schwarzkopf R, Guo EX, Samuels J, Hu W, Attur M, Waxman SG, Liu CJ. Na v1.7 as a chondrocyte regulator and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Nature 2024; 625:557-565. [PMID: 38172636 PMCID: PMC10794151 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. Currently there are no effective methods that simultaneously prevent joint degeneration and reduce pain1. Although limited evidence suggests the existence of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in chondrocytes2, their expression and function in chondrocytes and in OA remain essentially unknown. Here we identify Nav1.7 as an OA-associated VGSC and demonstrate that human OA chondrocytes express functional Nav1.7 channels, with a density of 0.1 to 0.15 channels per µm2 and 350 to 525 channels per cell. Serial genetic ablation of Nav1.7 in multiple mouse models demonstrates that Nav1.7 expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons is involved in pain, whereas Nav1.7 in chondrocytes regulates OA progression. Pharmacological blockade of Nav1.7 with selective or clinically used pan-Nav channel blockers significantly ameliorates the progression of structural joint damage, and reduces OA pain behaviour. Mechanistically, Nav1.7 blockers regulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling and the chondrocyte secretome, which in turn affects chondrocyte biology and OA progression. Identification of Nav1.7 as a novel chondrocyte-expressed, OA-associated channel uncovers a dual target for the development of disease-modifying and non-opioid pain relief treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dmytro Vasylyev
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yufei Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingshuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asya Khleborodova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guiwu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Good
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Strauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Schwarzkopf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward X Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuels
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Liu W, Zhang R, Feng H, Luo J, Zhu H. Increased expression of Nav1.6 of reactive astrocytes in the globus pallidus is closely associated with motor deficits in a model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2850-2865. [PMID: 37572007 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, which is characterized by motor disabilities in PD patients. Nav1.6 is the most abundant subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the brain of adult mammals and rodents. Here we investigated the role of Nav1.6 in the external globus pallidus (GP) involved in the pathogenesis of motor deficits in unilateral 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine)lesioned rats. The results show that Nav1.6 is dramatically increased in reactive astrocytes of the ipsilateral GP in the middle stage, but not different from the control rats in the later stage of the pathological process in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Furthermore, the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP can significantly improve motor deficits in 6-OHDA lesioned rats in the middle stage of the pathological process. The electrophysiological experiments show that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP significantly decreases the abnormal high synchronization between the ipsilateral M1 (the primary motor cortex) and GP in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Ca2+ imaging reveals that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression reduces the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i) in primary cultured astrocytes. These findings suggest that the increased Nav1.6 expression of reactive astrocytes in the GP play an important role in the pathogenesis of motor dysfunction in the middle stage in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, which may participate in astrocyte-neuron communication by regulating [Ca2+ ]i of astrocytes, thereby contributing to the formation of abnormal electrical signals of the basal ganglia (BG) in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Xie Z, Meng J, Wu Z, Nakanishi H, Hayashi Y, Kong W, Lan F, Narengaowa, Yang Q, Qing H, Ni J. The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:616-638. [PMID: 35348415 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are critical players in the neuroimmune system, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly being recognized. However, whether microglia play a positive or negative role in AD remains largely controversial and the precise molecular targets for intervention are not well defined. This partly results from the opposing roles of microglia in AD pathology, and is mainly reflected in the microglia-neuron interaction. Microglia can prune synapses resulting in excessive synapse loss and neuronal dysfunction, but they can also promote synapse formation, enhancing neural network plasticity. Neuroimmune crosstalk accelerates microglial activation, which induces neuron death and enhances the microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid to protect neurons. Moreover, microglia have dual opposing roles in developing the major pathological features in AD, such as amyloid deposition and blood-brain barrier permeability. This review summarizes the dual opposing role of microglia in AD from the perspective of the interaction between neurons and microglia. Additionally, current AD treatments targeting microglia and the advantages and disadvantages of developing microglia-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Narengaowa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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4
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Nebeling FC, Poll S, Justus LC, Steffen J, Keppler K, Mittag M, Fuhrmann M. Microglial motility is modulated by neuronal activity and correlates with dendritic spine plasticity in the hippocampus of awake mice. eLife 2023; 12:83176. [PMID: 36749020 PMCID: PMC9946443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a complex role in health and disease. They actively survey the brain parenchyma by physically interacting with other cells and structurally shaping the brain. Yet, the mechanisms underlying microglial motility and significance for synapse stability, especially in the hippocampus during adulthood, remain widely unresolved. Here, we investigated the effect of neuronal activity on microglial motility and the implications for the formation and survival of dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vivo. We used repetitive two-photon in vivo imaging in the hippocampus of awake and anesthetized mice to simultaneously study the motility of microglia and their interaction with dendritic spines. We found that CA3 to CA1 input is sufficient to modulate microglial process motility. Simultaneously, more dendritic spines emerged in mice after awake compared to anesthetized imaging. Interestingly, the rate of microglial contacts with individual dendritic spines and dendrites was associated with the stability, removal, and emergence of dendritic spines. These results suggest that microglia might sense neuronal activity via neurotransmitter release and actively participate in synaptic rewiring of the hippocampal neural network during adulthood. Further, this study has profound relevance for hippocampal learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Poll
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Lena Christine Justus
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Julia Steffen
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Kevin Keppler
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Manuel Mittag
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Martin Fuhrmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
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5
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Sarkar S. Microglial ion channels: Key players in non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105861. [PMID: 36115552 PMCID: PMC9617777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microglia, the first responders of the brain, are the drivers of this neuroinflammation. Microglial activation, leading to induction of pro-inflammatory factors, like Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), nitrites, and others, have been shown to induce neurodegeneration. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce the risk of developing PD, but the mechanism underlying the microglial activation is still under active research. Recently, microglial ion channels have come to the forefront as potential drug targets in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, including AD and PD. Microglia expresses a variety of ion channels, including potassium channels, calcium channels, chloride channels, sodium channels, and proton channels. The diversity of channels present on microglia is responsible for the dynamic nature of these immune cells of the brain. These ion channels regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, apoptosis, and cell signaling leading to inflammation, among other critical functions. Understanding the role of these ion channels and the signaling mechanism these channels regulate under pathological conditions is an active area of research. This review will be focusing on the roles of different microglial ion channels, and their potential role in regulating microglial functions in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Dept. of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Yu T, Huo L, Lei J, Sun JJ, Wang H. Modulation of Microglia M2 Polarization and Alleviation of Hippocampal Neuron Injury By MiR-106b-5p/RGMa in a Mouse Model of Status Epilepticus. Inflammation 2022; 45:2223-2242. [PMID: 35789312 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA miR-106b-5p has been linked to epilepsy, but its specific role and mechanism of action remain unclear. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and an in vitro system of HT22 hippocampal cells treated with Mg2+-free solution and cocultured with BV2 microglia cells. We found that inhibiting miR-106b-5p expression promoted microglia M2 polarization, reduced the inflammatory response, and alleviated neuronal injury. These effects involved modulation of the repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa)-Rac1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axis. Our results suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting miR-106b-5p or downstream factors can be effective in preventing epileptogenesis or treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China.
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7
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Bettegazzi B, Bellani S, Cattaneo S, Codazzi F, Grohovaz F, Zacchetti D. Gα13 Contributes to LPS-Induced Morphological Alterations and Affects Migration of Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6397-6414. [PMID: 34529232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS that are activated in response to a variety of stimuli. This phenotypical change is aimed to maintain the local homeostasis, also by containing the insults and repair the damages. All these processes are tightly regulated and coordinated and a failure in restoring homeostasis by microglia can result in the development of neuroinflammation that can facilitate the progression of pathological conditions. Indeed, chronic microglia activation is commonly recognized as a hallmark of many neurological disorders, especially at an early stage. Many complex pathways, including cytoskeletal remodeling, are involved in the control of the microglial phenotypical and morphological changes that occur during activation. In this work, we focused on the small GTPase Gα13 and its role at the crossroad between RhoA and Rac1 signaling when microglia is exposed to pro-inflammatory stimulation. We propose the direct involvement of Gα13 in the cytoskeletal rearrangements mediated by FAK, LIMK/cofilin, and Rac1 during microglia activation. In fact, we show that Gα13 knockdown significantly inhibited LPS-induced microglial cell activation, in terms of both changes in morphology and migration, through the modulation of FAK and one of its downstream effectors, Rac1. In conclusion, we propose Gα13 as a critical factor in the regulation of morphological and functional properties of microglia during activation, which might become a target of intervention for the control of microglia inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bettegazzi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Bellani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Codazzi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grohovaz
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Zacchetti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Different Age Related Neurological and Cardiac Effects of Verapamil on a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:263-269. [PMID: 34765247 PMCID: PMC8551894 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.02.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dementias are the third cause of the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide with Alzheimer’s (AD) having the highest prevalence. Despite ample research in the field, therapeutic options are limited. However, with the increase in lifespan, a larger number of AD patients will receive other medication for the evermore-increased number of comorbidities that such patients face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurological and cardiac effects of verapamil, on C57BL/6J-TgN (Thy1-APPKM670/671NL; Thy1-PS1L166P (APP) mice. The daily administration of 3.5mg/kg of verapamil for 28 days revealed different effects on young and aged APP mice. While young animals showed less anxiety and improved short-term memory with minimal cardiac effects (an increase in the duration of ventricular depolarization), aged ones did not present behavioral improvements, but with a decrease in the duration of ventricular depolarizing. Repolarization effects of verapamil were similar in young and aged animals, except for the duration of the ST segment that was longer in aged animals. Considering our results, the use of calcium blockers in AD patients should take into consideration the stage of the disease, as different effects could be seen at different stages of AD, in our model.
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Alrashdi B, Dawod B, Tacke S, Kuerten S, Côté PD, Marshall JS. Mice Heterozygous for the Sodium Channel Scn8a (Nav1.6) Have Reduced Inflammatory Responses During EAE and Following LPS Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 12:533423. [PMID: 33815353 PMCID: PMC8017164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.533423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage gated sodium (Nav) channels contribute to axonal damage following demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The Nav1.6 isoform has been implicated as a primary contributor in this process. However, the role of Nav1.6 in immune processes, critical to the pathology of both MS and EAE, has not been extensively studied. EAE was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte (MOG35-55) peptide in Scn8admu/+ mice, which have reduced Nav1.6 levels. Scn8admu/+ mice demonstrated improved motor capacity during the recovery and early chronic phases of EAE relative to wild-type animals. In the optic nerve, myeloid cell infiltration and the effects of EAE on the axonal ultrastructure were also significantly reduced in Scn8admu/+ mice. Analysis of innate immune parameters revealed reduced plasma IL-6 levels and decreased percentages of Gr-1high/CD11b+ and Gr-1int/CD11b+ myeloid cells in the blood during the chronic phase of EAE in Scn8admu/+ mice. Elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β1 were also observed in the brains of untreated Scn8admu/+ mice. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model was used to further evaluate inflammatory responses. Scn8admu/+ mice displayed reduced inflammation in response to LPS challenge. To further evaluate if this was an immune cell-intrinsic difference or the result of changes in the immune or hormonal environment, mast cells were derived from the bone marrow of Scn8admu/+ mice. These mast cells also produced lower levels of IL-6, in response to LPS, compared with those from wild type mice. Our results demonstrate that in addition to its recognized impact on axonal damage, Nav1.6 impacts multiple aspects of the innate inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakat Alrashdi
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bassel Dawod
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sabine Tacke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrice D. Côté
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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10
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Cojocaru A, Burada E, Bălșeanu AT, Deftu AF, Cătălin B, Popa-Wagner A, Osiac E. Roles of Microglial Ion Channel in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061239. [PMID: 33802786 PMCID: PMC8002406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average age and life expectancy increases, the incidence of both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies will increase. Understanding mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation as the common feature of any neurodegenerative pathology, we can exploit the pharmacology of cell specific ion channels to improve the outcome of many CNS diseases. As the main cellular player of neuroinflammation, microglia play a central role in this process. Although microglia are considered non-excitable cells, they express a variety of ion channels under both physiological and pathological conditions that seem to be involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Here, we discuss the impact of modulating microglia voltage-gated, potential transient receptor, chloride and proton channels on microglial proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cojocaru
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
| | - Adrian-Tudor Bălșeanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Cătălin
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Eugen Osiac
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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11
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Zahiri D, Burow P, Großmann C, Müller CE, Klapperstück M, Markwardt F. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces migration of microglial cells via activation of volume-sensitive anion channels, ATP secretion and activation of purinergic receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118915. [PMID: 33271273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia cells are versatile players coordinating inflammatory and regenerative processes in the central nervous system in which sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated migration is essential. We investigated the involved signaling cascade by means of voltage clamp, measurement of ATP secretion, and wound healing assay in murine microglial BV-2 cells. S1P and extracellular hypoosmolar solution evoked an anion conductance of the cell membrane. The corresponding ion currents were inhibited by intracellular hypoosmolar solution and by the anion channel antagonists NPPB, tamoxifen, and carbenoxolone, pointing to the activation of volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). The knockdown by siRNA indicates the involvement of LRRC8A subunits. The S1PR1-antagonist W123 and pertussis-toxin prevented the S1P-induced currents, showing the involvement of the Gi-protein-coupled S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). Furthermore, S1P and hypoosmolar extracellular solution induced an increase of ATP levels in the supernatants of BV-2 cells, which was inhibited by NPPB, tamoxifen, and W123. S1P, ATP, and ADP stimulated cell migration into the scratch area. The inhibition of S1PR1 and the downstream Gi proteins hampered cell migration. Antagonists of VRAC were also able to diminish the migration of BV-2 cells. Furthermore, direct inhibition of ATP-gated P2X4 or P2X7 receptors or ADP-stimulated P2Y12 receptors blocked the stimulating effects of S1P on BV-2 cell migration. We conclude that there is an interaction between S1P receptors and purinergic receptors mediated by an S1P-induced ATP release via VRAC and that the amount of released ATP is capable of stimulating cell migration of BV-2 microglia cells via activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Zahiri
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Magdeburger Straße 6, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Philipp Burow
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Magdeburger Straße 6, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Claudia Großmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Magdeburger Straße 6, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Klapperstück
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Magdeburger Straße 6, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Fritz Markwardt
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute for Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Magdeburger Straße 6, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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12
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Luo L, Song S, Ezenwukwa CC, Jalali S, Sun B, Sun D. Ion channels and transporters in microglial function in physiology and brain diseases. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104925. [PMID: 33248207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells interact with all components of the central nervous system (CNS) and are increasingly recognized to play essential roles during brain development, homeostasis and disease pathologies. Functions of microglia include maintaining tissue integrity, clearing cellular debris and dead neurons through the process of phagocytosis, and providing tissue repair by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. Changes of microglial ionic homeostasis (Na+, Ca2+, K+, H+, Cl-) are important for microglial activation, including proliferation, migration, cytokine release and reactive oxygen species production, etc. These are mediated by ion channels and ion transporters in microglial cells. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of major microglial ion channels and transporters, including several types of Ca2+ channels (store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs)) and Na+ channels (voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs)), K+ channels (inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir), voltage-gated K+ channels (KV) and calcium-activated K+ channels (KCa)), proton channels (voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1)), and Cl- channels (volume (or swelling)-regulated Cl- channels (VRCCs) and chloride intracellular channels (CLICs)). In addition, ion transporter proteins such as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1), and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) are also involved in microglial function in physiology and brain diseases. We discussed microglial activation and neuroinflammation in relation to the ion channel/transporter stimulation under brain disease conditions and therapeutic aspects of targeting microglial ion channels/transporters for neurodegenerative disease, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Luo
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Shayan Jalali
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Baoshan Sun
- Pólo DoisPortos, Instituto National de InvestigaçãoAgrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, DoisPortos, 2565-191, Portugal.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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13
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Dissection of P2X4 and P2X7 Receptor Current Components in BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228489. [PMID: 33187309 PMCID: PMC7696836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells represent the immune system of the central nervous system. They become activated by ATP released from damaged and inflamed tissue via purinergic receptors. Ionotropic purinergic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors have been shown to be involved in neurological inflammation and pain sensation. Whether the two receptors assemble exclusively as homotrimers or also as heterotrimers is still a matter of debate. We investigated the expression of P2X receptors in BV-2 microglia cells applying the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. We dissected P2X4 and P2X7 receptor-mediated current components by using specific P2X4 and P2X7 receptor blockers and by their characteristic current kinetics. We found that P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are activated independently from each other, indicating that P2X4/P2X7 heteromers are not of functional significance in these cells. The pro-inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ, if applied in combination, upregulated P2X4, but not P2X7 receptor-dependent current components also arguing against phenotypically relevant heteromerization of P2X4 and P2X7 receptor subunits.
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14
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Aksenova M, Sybrandt J, Cui B, Sikirzhytski V, Ji H, Odhiambo D, Lucius MD, Turner JR, Broude E, Peña E, Lizarraga S, Zhu J, Safro I, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Inhibition of the Dead Box RNA Helicase 3 Prevents HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Microglia Activation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:209-223. [PMID: 31802418 PMCID: PMC8048136 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is a common and clinically detrimental complication of HIV infection. Viral proteins, including Tat, released from infected cells, cause neuronal toxicity. Substance abuse in HIV-infected patients greatly influences the severity of neuronal damage. To repurpose small molecule inhibitors for anti-HAND therapy, we employed MOLIERE, an AI-based literature mining system that we developed. All human genes were analyzed and prioritized by MOLIERE to find previously unknown targets connected to HAND. From the identified high priority genes, we narrowed the list to those with known small molecule ligands developed for other applications and lacking systemic toxicity in animal models. To validate the AI-based process, the selective small molecule inhibitor of DDX3 helicase activity, RK-33, was chosen and tested for neuroprotective activity. The compound, previously developed for cancer treatment, was tested for the prevention of combined neurotoxicity of HIV Tat and cocaine. Rodent cortical cultures were treated with 6 or 60 ng/ml of HIV Tat and 10 or 25 μM of cocaine, which caused substantial toxicity. RK-33 at doses as low as 1 μM greatly reduced the neurotoxicity of Tat and cocaine. Transcriptome analysis showed that most Tat-activated transcripts are microglia-specific genes and that RK-33 blocks their activation. Treatment with RK-33 inhibits the Tat and cocaine-dependent increase in the number and size of microglia and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-2, IL-1α and IL-1β. These findings reveal that inhibition of DDX3 may have the potential to treat not only HAND but other neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical Abstract RK-33, selective inhibitor of Dead Box RNA helicase 3 (DDX3) protects neurons from combined Tat and cocaine neurotoxicity by inhibition of microglia activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Justin Sybrandt
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Biyun Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Matthew D Lucius
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Eugenia Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Edsel Peña
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sofia Lizarraga
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ilya Safro
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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15
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Yang M, James AD, Suman R, Kasprowicz R, Nelson M, O'Toole PJ, Brackenbury WJ. Voltage-dependent activation of Rac1 by Na v 1.5 channels promotes cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:3950-3972. [PMID: 31612502 PMCID: PMC6973152 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels can regulate the plasma membrane potential (Vm ) and cell migration as a result of altered ion flux. However, the mechanism by which Vm regulates motility remains unclear. Here, we show that the Nav 1.5 sodium channel carries persistent inward Na+ current which depolarizes the resting Vm at the timescale of minutes. This Nav 1.5-dependent Vm depolarization increases Rac1 colocalization with phosphatidylserine, to which it is anchored at the leading edge of migrating cells, promoting Rac1 activation. A genetically encoded FRET biosensor of Rac1 activation shows that depolarization-induced Rac1 activation results in acquisition of a motile phenotype. By identifying Nav 1.5-mediated Vm depolarization as a regulator of Rac1 activation, we link ionic and electrical signaling at the plasma membrane to small GTPase-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and cellular migration. We uncover a novel and unexpected mechanism for Rac1 activation, which fine tunes cell migration in response to ionic and/or electric field changes in the local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Phase Focus Ltd, Electric WorksSheffield Digital CampusSheffieldUK
| | | | - Michaela Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter J. O'Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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16
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Gradek F, Lopez-Charcas O, Chadet S, Poisson L, Ouldamer L, Goupille C, Jourdan ML, Chevalier S, Moussata D, Besson P, Roger S. Sodium Channel Na v1.5 Controls Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer Cells Through its Regulation by the Salt-Inducible Kinase-1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18652. [PMID: 31819138 PMCID: PMC6901527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of epithelial polarity and gain in invasiveness by carcinoma cells are critical events in the aggressive progression of cancers and depend on phenotypic transition programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Many studies have reported the aberrant expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in carcinomas and specifically the NaV1.5 isoform, encoded by the SCN5A gene, in breast cancer. NaV1.5 activity, through an entry of sodium ions, in breast cancer cells is associated with increased invasiveness, but its participation to the EMT has to be clarified. In this study, we show that reducing the expression of NaV1.5 in highly aggressive human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells reverted the mesenchymal phenotype, reduced cancer cell invasiveness and the expression of the EMT-promoting transcription factor SNAI1. The heterologous expression of NaV1.5 in weakly invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced their expression of both SNAI1 and ZEB1 and increased their invasive capacities. In MCF-7 cells the stimulation with the EMT-activator signal TGF-β1 increased the expression of SCN5A. Moreover, the reduction of the salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) expression promoted NaV1.5-dependent invasiveness and expression of EMT-associated transcription factor SNAI1. Altogether, these results indicated a prominent role of SIK1 in regulating NaV1.5-dependent EMT and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gradek
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucile Poisson
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Lise Jourdan
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphan Chevalier
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Driffa Moussata
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer; Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation; Université de Tours, Tours, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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17
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Smolders SMT, Kessels S, Vangansewinkel T, Rigo JM, Legendre P, Brône B. Microglia: Brain cells on the move. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101612. [PMID: 30954517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the biology of microglia - i.e. the fascinating immigrated resident immune cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent literature reviews have largely dealt with the plentiful functions of microglia in CNS homeostasis, development and pathology, and the influences of sex and the microbiome. In this review, the intriguing aspect of their physical plasticity during CNS development will get specific attention. Microglia move around (mobility) and reshape their processes (motility). Microglial migration into and inside the CNS is most prominent throughout development and consequently most of the data described in this review concern mobility and motility in the changing environment of the developing brain. Here, we first define microglia based on their highly specialized age- and region-dependent gene expression signature and associated functional heterogeneity. Next, we describe their origin, the migration route of immature microglial cells towards the CNS, the mechanisms underlying their invasion of the CNS, and their spatiotemporal localization and surveying behaviour inside the developing CNS. These processes are dependent on microglial mobility and motility which are determined by the microenvironment of the CNS. Therefore, we further zoom in on the changing environment during CNS development. We elaborate on the extracellular matrix and the respective integrin receptors on microglia and we discuss the purinergic and molecular signalling in microglial mobility. In the last section, we discuss the physiological and pathological functions of microglia in which mobility and motility are involved to stress the importance of microglial 'movement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marie-Thérèse Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium; INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Legendre
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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18
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Mao W, Zhang J, Körner H, Jiang Y, Ying S. The Emerging Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Tumor Biology. Front Oncol 2019; 9:124. [PMID: 30895169 PMCID: PMC6414428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are transmembrane proteins which function as gates that control the flux of ions across the cell membrane. They are key ion channels for action potentials in excitable tissues and have important physiological functions. Abnormal function of VGSCs will lead to dysfunction of the body and trigger a variety of diseases. Various studies have demonstrated the participation of VGSCs in the progression of different tumors, such as prostate cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and others, linking VGSC to the invasive capacity of tumor cells. However, it is still unclear whether the VGSC regulate the malignant biological behavior of tumors. Therefore, this paper systematically addresses the latest research progress on VGSCs subunits and tumors and the underlying mechanisms, and it summarizes the potential of VGSCs subunits to serve as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Thei L, Imm J, Kaisis E, Dallas ML, Kerrigan TL. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Role for Ion Channels. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:676. [PMID: 30323735 PMCID: PMC6172337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, it is estimated to affect over 40 million people worldwide. Classically, the disease has been characterized by the neuropathological hallmarks of aggregated extracellular amyloid-β and intracellular paired helical filaments of hyperphosphorylated tau. A wealth of evidence indicates a pivotal role for the innate immune system, such as microglia, and inflammation in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. The over production and aggregation of Alzheimer's associated proteins results in chronic inflammation and disrupts microglial clearance of these depositions. Despite being non-excitable, microglia express a diverse array of ion channels which shape their physiological functions. In support of this, there is a growing body of evidence pointing to the involvement of microglial ion channels contributing to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss the evidence for an array of microglia ion channels and their importance in modulating microglial homeostasis and how this process could be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. One promising avenue for assessing the role that microglia play in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease is through using induced pluripotent stem cell derived microglia. Here, we examine what is already understood in terms of the molecular underpinnings of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease, and the utility that inducible pluripotent stem cell derived microglia may have to advance this knowledge. We outline the variability that occurs between the use of animal and human models with regards to the importance of microglial ion channels in generating a relevant functional model of brain inflammation. Overcoming these hurdles will be pivotal in order to develop new drug targets and progress our understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thei
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Imm
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Kaisis
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L Dallas
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Talitha L Kerrigan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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20
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Pappalardo LW, Samad OA, Liu S, Zwinger PJ, Black JA, Waxman SG. Nav1.5 in astrocytes plays a sex-specific role in clinical outcomes in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2018; 66:2174-2187. [PMID: 30194875 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrogliosis is a hallmark of neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing astrogliosis might facilitate the development of therapeutic targets. We investigated whether Nav1.5 expression in astrocytes plays a role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. We created a conditional knockout of Nav1.5 in astrocytes and determined whether this affects the clinical course of EAE, focal macrophage and T cell infiltration, and diffuse activation of astrocytes. We show that deletion of Nav1.5 from astrocytes leads to significantly worsened clinical outcomes in EAE, with increased inflammatory infiltrate in both early and late stages of disease, unexpectedly, in a sex-specific manner. Removal of Nav1.5 in astrocytes leads to increased inflammation in female mice with EAE, including increased astroglial response and infiltration of T cells and phagocytic monocytes. These cellular changes are consistent with more severe EAE clinical scores. Additionally, we found evidence suggesting possible dysregulation of the immune response-particularly with regard to infiltrating macrophages and activated microglia-in female Nav1.5 KO mice compared with WT littermate controls. Together, our results show that deletion of Nav1.5 from astrocytes leads to significantly worsened clinical outcomes in EAE, with increased inflammatory infiltrate in both early and late stages of disease, in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Pappalardo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Omar A Samad
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Pamela J Zwinger
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Joel A Black
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
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21
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Smith RS, Kenny CJ, Ganesh V, Jang A, Borges-Monroy R, Partlow JN, Hill RS, Shin T, Chen AY, Doan RN, Anttonen AK, Ignatius J, Medne L, Bönnemann CG, Hecht JL, Salonen O, Barkovich AJ, Poduri A, Wilke M, de Wit MCY, Mancini GMS, Sztriha L, Im K, Amrom D, Andermann E, Paetau R, Lehesjoki AE, Walsh CA, Lehtinen MK. Sodium Channel SCN3A (Na V1.3) Regulation of Human Cerebral Cortical Folding and Oral Motor Development. Neuron 2018; 99:905-913.e7. [PMID: 30146301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Channelopathies are disorders caused by abnormal ion channel function in differentiated excitable tissues. We discovered a unique neurodevelopmental channelopathy resulting from pathogenic variants in SCN3A, a gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.3. Pathogenic NaV1.3 channels showed altered biophysical properties including increased persistent current. Remarkably, affected individuals showed disrupted folding (polymicrogyria) of the perisylvian cortex of the brain but did not typically exhibit epilepsy; they presented with prominent speech and oral motor dysfunction, implicating SCN3A in prenatal development of human cortical language areas. The development of this disorder parallels SCN3A expression, which we observed to be highest early in fetal cortical development in progenitor cells of the outer subventricular zone and cortical plate neurons and decreased postnatally, when SCN1A (NaV1.1) expression increased. Disrupted cerebral cortical folding and neuronal migration were recapitulated in ferrets expressing the mutant channel, underscoring the unexpected role of SCN3A in progenitor cells and migrating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor J Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay Ganesh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ahram Jang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebeca Borges-Monroy
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan N Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna-Kaisa Anttonen
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical and Clinical Genetics, Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oili Salonen
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A James Barkovich
- Benioff Children's Hospital, Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Marie Claire Y de Wit
- Neurogenetics Joint Clinic in Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Laszlo Sztriha
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kiho Im
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dina Amrom
- Neurogenetics Unit and Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; and the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Eva Andermann
- Neurogenetics Unit and Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; and the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ritva Paetau
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical and Clinical Genetics, Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Ropivacaine inhibits the migration of esophageal cancer cells via sodium-channel-independent but prenylation-dependent inhibition of Rac1/JNK/paxillin/FAK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:1074-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang X, Ma W, Lazere A, Qian HH, Zhang J, Abu-Asab M, Fariss RN, Roger JE, Wong WT. Repopulating retinal microglia restore endogenous organization and function under CX3CL1-CX3CR1 regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap8492. [PMID: 29750189 PMCID: PMC5943055 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap8492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have been discovered to undergo repopulation following ablation. However, the functionality of repopulated microglia and the mechanisms regulating microglia repopulation are unknown. We examined microglial homeostasis in the adult mouse retina, a specialized neural compartment containing regular arrays of microglia in discrete synaptic laminae that can be directly visualized. Using in vivo imaging and cell-fate mapping techniques, we discovered that repopulation originated from residual microglia proliferating in the central inner retina that subsequently spread by centrifugal migration to fully recapitulate pre-existing microglial distributions and morphologies. Repopulating cells fully restored microglial functions including constitutive "surveying" process movements, behavioral and physiological responses to retinal injury, and maintenance of synaptic structure and function. Microglial repopulation was regulated by CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling, slowing in CX3CR1 deficiency and accelerating with exogenous CX3CL1 administration. Microglial homeostasis following perturbation can fully recover microglial organization and function under the regulation of chemokine signaling between neurons and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Zhang
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenxin Ma
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam Lazere
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hao-hua Qian
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Synaptic Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section on Histopathology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert N. Fariss
- Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jerome E. Roger
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie (CERTO), Retina France, Orsay, France
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Wai T. Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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24
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Pappalardo LW, Black JA, Waxman SG. Sodium channels in astroglia and microglia. Glia 2016; 64:1628-45. [PMID: 26919466 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are required for electrogenesis in excitable cells. Their activation, triggered by membrane depolarization, generates transient sodium currents that initiate action potentials in neurons, cardiac, and skeletal muscle cells. Cells that have not traditionally been considered to be excitable (nonexcitable cells), including glial cells, also express sodium channels in physiological conditions as well as in pathological conditions. These channels contribute to multiple functional roles that are seemingly unrelated to the generation of action potentials. Here, we discuss the dynamics of sodium channel expression in astrocytes and microglia, and review evidence for noncanonical roles in effector functions of these cells including phagocytosis, migration, proliferation, ionic homeostasis, and secretion of chemokines/cytokines. We also examine possible mechanisms by which sodium channels contribute to the activity of glial cells, with an eye toward therapeutic implications for central nervous system disease. GLIA 2016;64:1628-1645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Pappalardo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Joel A Black
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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25
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Jin X, Yamashita T. Microglia in central nervous system repair after injury. J Biochem 2016; 159:491-6. [PMID: 26861995 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that immune cells perform crucial inflammation-related functions including clearing dead tissue and promoting wound healing. Thus, they provide a conducive environment for better neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, activated immune cells can also induce secondary damage of intact tissue and inhibit post-injury CNS repair. The inflammation response is due to the microglial production of cytokines and chemokines for the recruitment of peripheral immune cell populations, such as monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Interestingly, microglia and T lymphocytes can be detected at the injured site in both the early and later stages after nerve injury, whereas other peripheral immune cells infiltrate the injured parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord only in the early post-injury phase, and subsequently disappear. This suggests that microglia and T cells may play crucial roles in the post-injury functional recovery of the CNS. In this review, we summarize the current studies on microglia that examined neuronal regeneration and the molecular signalling mechanisms in the injured CNS. Better understanding of the effects of microglia on neural regeneration will aid the development of therapy strategies to enhance CNS functional recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Mitkovski M, Dahm L, Heinrich R, Monnheimer M, Gerhart S, Stegmüller J, Hanisch UK, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Erythropoietin dampens injury-induced microglial motility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1233-6. [PMID: 25966953 PMCID: PMC4527993 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury causes progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Surprisingly, an early treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) prevents these consequences of secondary neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms have remained obscure. Here we show by advanced imaging and innovative analytical tools that recombinant human EPO, a clinically established and neuroprotective growth factor, dampens microglial activity, as visualized also in vivo by a strongly attenuated injury-induced cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Mitkovski
- Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liane Dahm
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Monnheimer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Gerhart
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Stegmüller
- 1] Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- 1] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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