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Osna NA, Rasineni K, Ganesan M, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1492-1513. [PMID: 36340300 PMCID: PMC9630031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem with enormous social, economic, and clinical consequences. While chronic, heavy alcohol consumption causes structural damage and/or disrupts normal organ function in virtually every tissue of the body, the liver sustains the greatest damage. This is primarily because the liver is the first to see alcohol absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal circulation and second, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism. Alcohol-induced damage remains one of the most prevalent disorders of the liver and a leading cause of death or transplantation from liver disease. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiology of this disease, there are still no targeted therapies available. Given the multifactorial mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease pathogenesis, it is conceivable that a multitherapeutic regimen is needed to treat different stages in the spectrum of this disease.
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Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ADH, Alcohol dehydrogenase
- AH, Alcoholic hepatitis
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALDH, Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- ASH, Alcohol-associated steatohepatitis
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- AUD, Alcohol use disorder
- BHMT, Betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- COX, Cycloxygenase
- CTLs, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
- CYP, Cytochrome P450
- CYP2E1, Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Cu/Zn SOD, Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase
- DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DC, Dendritic cells
- EDN1, Endothelin 1
- ER, Endoplasmic reticulum
- ETOH, Ethanol
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- FABP4, Fatty acid-binding protein 4
- FAF2, Fas-associated factor family member 2
- FMT, Fecal microbiota transplant
- Fn14, Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14
- GHS-R1a, Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a
- GI, GOsteopontinastrointestinal tract
- GSH Px, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSSG Rdx, Glutathione reductase
- GST, Glutathione-S-transferase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association studies
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- HA, Hyaluronan
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid
- HSC, Hepatic stellate cells
- HSD17B13, 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase 13
- HSP 90, Heat shock protein 90
- IFN, Interferon
- IL, Interleukin
- IRF3, Interferon regulatory factor 3
- JAK, Janus kinase
- KC, Kupffer cells
- LCN2, Lipocalin 2
- M-D, Mallory–Denk
- MAA, Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde protein adducts
- MAT, Methionine adenosyltransferase
- MCP, Macrophage chemotactic protein
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MIF, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- Mn SOD, Manganese superoxide dismutase
- Mt, Mitochondrial
- NK, Natural killer
- NKT, Natural killer T-lymphocytes
- OPN, Osteopontin
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PNPLA3, Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RIG1, Retinoic acid inducible gene 1
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SCD, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
- STAT, Signal transduction and activator of transcription
- TIMP1, Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- alcohol
- alcohol-associated liver disease
- ethanol metabolism
- liver
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- p90RSK, 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Yin Y, Li X, Ma H, Zhang J, Yu D, Zhao R, Yu S, Nie G, Wang H. In Situ Transforming RNA Nanovaccines from Polyethylenimine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hydrogel for Durable Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2224-2231. [PMID: 33594887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is a promising candidate in cancer immunotherapy as it can encode tumor-associated antigens with an excellent safety profile. Unfortunately, the inherent instability of RNA and translational efficiency are major limitations of RNA vaccine. Here, we report an injectable hydrogel formed with graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylenimine (PEI), which can generate mRNA (ovalbumin, a model antigen) and adjuvants (R848)-laden nanovaccines for at least 30 days after subcutaneous injection. The released nanovaccines can protect the mRNA from degradation and confer targeted delivering capacity to lymph nodes. The data show that this transformable hydrogel can significantly increase the number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and subsequently inhibit the tumor growth with only one treatment. Meanwhile, this hydrogel can generate an antigen specific antibody in the serum which in turn prevents the occurrence of metastasis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of the PEI-functionalized GO transformable hydrogel for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK, Thomes PG. Lysosome and proteasome dysfunction in alcohol-induced liver injury. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ganesan M, Krutik VM, Makarov E, Mathews S, Kharbanda KK, Poluektova LY, Casey CA, Osna NA. Acetaldehyde suppresses the display of HBV-MHC class I complexes on HBV-expressing hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G127-G140. [PMID: 31141391 PMCID: PMC6734374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00064.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and alcoholism are major public health problems worldwide, contributing to the development of end-stage liver disease. Alcohol intake affects HBV infection pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in HBV clearance. Many previous studies have focused on alcohol-induced impairments of the immune response. However, it is not clear whether alcohol alters the presentation of HBV peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes on infected hepatocytes resulting in escape of its recognition by CTLs. Hence, the focus of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which ethanol metabolism affects the presentation of CTL epitope on HBV-infected hepatocytes. As demonstrated here, although continuous cell exposure to acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS) increased HBV load in HepG2.2.15 cells, it decreased the expression of HBV core peptide 18-27-human leukocyte antigen-A2complex (CTL epitope) on the cell surface. Moreover, we observed AGS-induced suppression of chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities necessary for peptide processing by proteasome as well as a decline in IFNγ-stimulated immunoproteasome (IPR) function and expression of PA28 activator and immunoproteasome subunits LMP7 and LMP2. Furthermore, IFNγ-induced activation of peptide-loading complex (PLC) components, such as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) and tapasin, were suppressed by AGS. The attenuation of IPR and PLC activation was attributed to AGS-triggered impairment of IFNγ signaling in HepG2.2.15 cells. Collectively, all these downstream events reduced the display of HBV peptide-MHC class I complexes on the hepatocyte surface, which may suppress CTL activation and the recognition of CTL epitopes on HBV-expressing hepatocytes by immune cells, thereby leading to persistence of liver inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that in HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells, acetaldehyde alters HBV peptide processing by suppressing chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities and decreases IFNγ-stimulated immunoproteasome function and expression of PA28 activator and immunoproteasome subunits. It also suppresses IFNγ-induced activation of peptide-loading complex (PLC) components due to impairment of IFNγ signaling via the JAK-STAT1 pathway. These acetaldehyde-induced dysfunctions reduced the display of HBV peptide-MHC class I complexes on the hepatocyte surface, thereby leading to persistence of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vjaceslav M Krutik
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Tsui JI, Williams EC, Green PK, Berry K, Su F, Ioannou GN. Alcohol use and hepatitis C virus treatment outcomes among patients receiving direct antiviral agents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 169:101-109. [PMID: 27810652 PMCID: PMC6534140 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether alcohol use negatively impacts HCV treatment outcomes in the era of direct antiviral agents (DAAs). We aimed to evaluate the associations between current levels of drinking and treatment response among persons treated for HCV with DAAs in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. METHODS We identified patients who initiated HCV DAAs over 18 months (1/1/14-6/30/15) and had documented alcohol screening with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire within one year prior to initiating therapy. DAAs included: sofosbuvir (SOF), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) or ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir, and dasabuvir (PrOD). AUDIT-C scores were categorized as 0 (abstinence), 1-3 (low-level drinking) and 4-12 (unhealthy drinking) in men or 0, 1-2 and 3-12 in women. RESULTS Among 17,487 patients who initiated DAAs, 15,151 (87%) completed AUDIT-C screening: 10,387 (68.5%) were categorized as abstinent, 3422 (22.6%) as low-level drinking and 1342 (8.9%) as unhealthy drinking. There were no significant differences in sustained virologic response (SVR) rates between abstinent (SVR 91%; 95% CI: 91-92%), low-level drinking (SVR 93%; 95% CI 92-94%) or unhealthy drinking (SVR 91%; 95% 89-92) categories in univariable analysis or in multivariable logistic regression models. However, after imputing missing SVR data, unhealthy drinkers were less likely to achieve SVR in multivariable analysis (AOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.92). CONCLUSION Absolute SVR rates were uniformly high among all persons regardless of alcohol use, with only minor differences in those who report unhealthy drinking, which supports clinical guidelines that do not recommend excluding persons with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C. Williams
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Health Services Research and Development, Seattle, WA, United States,Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered Value-Driven Care (COIN), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pamela K. Green
- Health Services Research and Development, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristin Berry
- Health Services Research and Development, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Feng Su
- Division of Gastroenterology/Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Health Services Research and Development, Seattle, WA, United States,Division of Gastroenterology/Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Corresponding author at: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Gastroenterology, S-111-Gastro 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, United States. (G.N. Ioannou)
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Tsui JI, Mirzazadeh A, Hahn JA, Maher L, Bruneau J, Grebely J, Hellard M, Kim AY, Shoukry NH, Cox AL, Prins M, Dore G, Lauer G, Lloyd A, Page K. The effects of alcohol on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection in females versus males. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 169:156-162. [PMID: 27816863 PMCID: PMC5328754 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one quarter of persons exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) will spontaneously clear infection. We undertook this study to investigate the impact of alcohol on likelihood of HCV spontaneous viral clearance stratified by sex groups. METHODS Pooled data from an international collaboration of prospective observational studies of incident HIV and HCV infection in high-risk cohorts (the InC3 Study) was restricted to 411 persons (or 560.7 person-years of observation) with documented acute HCV infection and data regarding alcohol use. The predictor of interest was self-reported alcohol use at or after estimated date of incident HCV infection and the outcome was HCV spontaneous clearance. Sex stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between alcohol and spontaneous clearance, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and IFNL4 genotype. RESULTS The median age was 28.5 years, 30.4% were women, 87.2% were white, and 71.8% reported alcohol use at or after incident infection. There were 89 (21.6%) cases of spontaneous clearance observed, 39 (31.2%) among women and 50 (17.5%) in men (p<0.01). Overall, spontaneous clearance occurred less frequently among participants who drank alcohol compared to those who did not drink (18.9% v. 28.5%, p=0.03). After adjustment for other covariates, alcohol was significantly and independently associated with lower relative hazards for spontaneous clearance of HCV in women (AHR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.19-0.66; p=0.001) but not in men (AHR=0.63; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09; p=0.10). CONCLUSION Results indicate that abstaining from drinking alcohol may increase the likelihood of spontaneous clearance among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith I. Tsui
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue Seattle, WA 98104, USA,Corresponding author (JT)
| | - Ali Mirzazadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Judith A. Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 430, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maria Prins
- Cluster Infectious Diseases, GGD Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, Postbus 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Dore
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Georg Lauer
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Lloyd
- University of New South Wales, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA
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Ganesan M, Natarajan SK, Zhang J, Mott JL, Poluektova LI, McVicker BL, Kharbanda KK, Tuma DJ, Osna NA. Role of apoptotic hepatocytes in HCV dissemination: regulation by acetaldehyde. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G930-40. [PMID: 27056722 PMCID: PMC6842882 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00021.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption exacerbates hepatitis C virus (HCV) pathogenesis and promotes disease progression, although the mechanisms are not quite clear. We have previously observed that acetaldehyde (Ach) continuously produced by the acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS), temporarily enhanced HCV RNA levels, followed by a decrease to normal or lower levels, which corresponded to apoptosis induction. Here, we studied whether Ach-induced apoptosis caused depletion of HCV-infected cells and what role apoptotic bodies (AB) play in HCV-alcohol crosstalk. In liver cells exposed to AGS, we observed the induction of miR-122 and miR-34a. As miR-34a has been associated with apoptotic signaling and miR-122 with HCV replication, these findings may suggest that cells with intensive viral replication undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, when AGS-induced apoptosis was blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor, the expression of HCV RNA was not changed. AB from HCV-infected cells contained HCV core protein and the assembled HCV particle that infect intact hepatocytes, thereby promoting the spread of infection. In addition, AB are captured by macrophages to switch their cytokine profile to the proinflammatory one. Macrophages exposed to HCV(+) AB expressed more IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNAs compared with those exposed to HCV(-) AB. The generation of AB from AGS-treated HCV-infected cells even enhanced the induction of aforementioned cytokines. We conclude that HCV and alcohol metabolites trigger the formation of AB containing HCV particles. The consequent spread of HCV to neighboring hepatocytes via infected AB, as well as the induction of liver inflammation by AB-mediated macrophage activation potentially exacerbate the HCV infection course by alcohol and worsen disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Justin L Mott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Benita L McVicker
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dean J Tuma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
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Nasheri N, Ning Z, Figeys D, Yao S, Goto NK, Pezacki JP. Activity-based profiling of the proteasome pathway during hepatitis C virus infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:3815-25. [PMID: 26314548 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The stability of the HCV proteins is controlled by ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathways. Many viruses modulate proteasome function for their propagation. To examine the interrelationship between HCV and the proteasome pathways we employed a quantitative activity-based protein profiling method. Using this approach we were able to quantify the changes in the activity of several proteasome subunits and found that proteasome activity is drastically reduced by HCV replication. The results imply a link between the direct downregulation of the activity of this pathway and chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nasheri
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie K Goto
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Ganesan M, Zhang J, Bronich T, Poluektova LI, Donohue TM, Tuma DJ, Kharbanda KK, Osna NA. Acetaldehyde accelerates HCV-induced impairment of innate immunity by suppressing methylation reactions in liver cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G566-77. [PMID: 26251470 PMCID: PMC6842870 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure worsens the course and outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Activation of protective antiviral genes is induced by IFN-α signaling, which is altered in liver cells by either HCV or ethanol exposure. However, the mechanisms of the combined effects of HCV and ethanol metabolism in IFN-α signaling modulation are not well elucidated. Here, we explored a possibility that ethanol metabolism potentiates HCV-mediated dysregulation of IFN-α signaling in liver cells via impairment of methylation reactions. HCV-infected Huh7.5 CYP2E1(+) cells and human hepatocytes were exposed to acetaldehyde (Ach)-generating system (AGS) and stimulated with IFN-α to activate IFN-sensitive genes (ISG) via the Jak-STAT-1 pathway. We observed significant suppression of signaling events by Ach. Ach exposure decreased STAT-1 methylation via activation of protein phosphatase 2A and increased the protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS-1)-STAT-1 complex formation in both HCV(+) and HCV(-) cells, preventing ISG activation. Treatment with a promethylating agent, betaine, attenuated all examined Ach-induced defects. Ethanol metabolism-induced changes in ISGs are methylation related and confirmed by in vivo studies on HCV(+) transgenic mice. HCV- and Ach-induced impairment of IFN signaling temporarily increased HCV RNA levels followed by apoptosis of heavily infected cells. We concluded that Ach potentiates the suppressive effects of HCV on activation of ISGs attributable to methylation-dependent dysregulation of IFN-α signaling. A temporary increase in HCV RNA sensitizes the liver cells to Ach-induced apoptosis. Betaine reverses the inhibitory effects of Ach on IFN signaling and thus can be used for treatment of HCV(+) alcohol-abusing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tatiana Bronich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Larisa I Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Terrence M Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dean J Tuma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
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Osna NA, Ganesan M, Kharbanda KK. Hepatitis C, innate immunity and alcohol: friends or foes? Biomolecules 2015; 5:76-94. [PMID: 25664450 PMCID: PMC4384112 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C and alcohol are the most widespread causes of liver disease worldwide. Approximately 80% of patients with a history of hepatitis C and alcohol abuse develop chronic liver injury. Alcohol consumption in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients exacerbates liver disease leading to rapid progression of fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocytes are the main sites of HCV-infection and ethanol metabolism, both of which generate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress levels affect HCV replication and innate immunity, resulting in a greater susceptibility for HCV-infection and virus spread in the alcoholic patients. In this review paper, we analyze the effects of ethanol metabolism and other factors on HCV replication. In addition, we illustrate the mechanisms of how HCV hijacks innate immunity and how ethanol exposure regulates this process. We also clarify the effects of HCV and ethanol metabolism on interferon signaling-a crucial point for activation of anti-viral genes to protect cells from virus-and the role that HCV- and ethanol-induced impairments play in adaptive immunity which is necessary for recognition of virally-infected hepatocytes. In conclusion, ethanol exposure potentiates the suppressive effects of HCV on innate immunity, which activates viral spread in the liver and finally, leads to impairments in adaptive immunity. The dysregulation of immune response results in impaired elimination of HCV-infected cells, viral persistence, progressive liver damage and establishment of chronic infection that worsens the outcomes of chronic hepatitis C in alcoholic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Donohue TM, Thomes PG. Ethanol-induced oxidant stress modulates hepatic autophagy and proteasome activity. Redox Biol 2014; 3:29-39. [PMID: 25462063 PMCID: PMC4297932 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe research findings on the effects of alcohol exposure on two major catabolic systems in liver cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. These hydrolytic systems are not unique to liver cells; they exist in all eukaryotic tissues and cells. However, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, it sustains the greatest damage from heavy drinking. Thus, the focus of this review is to specifically describe how ethanol oxidation modulates the activities of the UPS and autophagy and the mechanisms by which these changes contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. Here, we describe the history and the importance of cellular hydrolytic systems, followed by a description of each catabolic pathway and the differential modulation of each by ethanol exposure. Overall, the evidence for an involvement of these catabolic systems in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease is quite strong. It underscores their importance, not only as effective means of cellular recycling and eventual energy generation, but also as essential components of cellular defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence M Donohue
- Research Service (151), VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, USA; The Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomes
- Research Service (151), VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, USA
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Osna NA, Ganesan M, Donohue TM. Proteasome- and ethanol-dependent regulation of HCV-infection pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2014; 4:885-96. [PMID: 25268065 PMCID: PMC4279161 DOI: 10.3390/biom4040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the role of the catabolism of HCV and signaling proteins in HCV protection and the involvement of ethanol in HCV-proteasome interactions. HCV specifically infects hepatocytes, and intracellularly expressed HCV proteins generate oxidative stress, which is further exacerbated by heavy drinking. The proteasome is the principal proteolytic system in cells, and its activity is sensitive to the level of cellular oxidative stress. Not only host proteins, but some HCV proteins are degraded by the proteasome, which, in turn, controls HCV propagation and is crucial for the elimination of the virus. Ubiquitylation of HCV proteins usually leads to the prevention of HCV propagation, while accumulation of undegraded viral proteins in the nuclear compartment exacerbates infection pathogenesis. Proteasome activity also regulates both innate and adaptive immunity in HCV-infected cells. In addition, the proteasome/immunoproteasome is activated by interferons, which also induce "early" and "late" interferon-sensitive genes (ISGs) with anti-viral properties. Cleaving viral proteins to peptides in professional immune antigen presenting cells and infected ("target") hepatocytes that express the MHC class I-antigenic peptide complex, the proteasome regulates the clearance of infected hepatocytes by the immune system. Alcohol exposure prevents peptide cleavage by generating metabolites that impair proteasome activity, thereby providing escape mechanisms that interfere with efficient viral clearance to promote the persistence of HCV-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; E-Mails: , (M.G.); (T.M.D.Jr.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-402-995-3735; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; E-Mails: , (M.G.); (T.M.D.Jr.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; E-Mails: , (M.G.); (T.M.D.Jr.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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13
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Neuman MG, French SW, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK, Nanau RM, Rasineni K, McVicker BL, Kong V, Donohue TM. Changes in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease — Preclinical studies. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:376-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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D’Souza AJ, Desai SD, Rudner XL, Kelly MN, Ruan S, Shellito JE. Suppression of the macrophage proteasome by ethanol impairs MHC class I antigen processing and presentation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56890. [PMID: 23451104 PMCID: PMC3581560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol binge-drinking (acute ethanol consumption) is immunosuppressive and alters both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Antigen presentation by macrophages (and other antigen presenting cells) represents an important function of the innate immune system that, in part, determines the outcome of the host immune response. Ethanol has been shown to suppress antigen presentation in antigen presenting cells though mechanisms of this impairment are not well understood. The constitutive and immunoproteasomes are important components of the cellular proteolytic machinery responsible for the initial steps critical to the generation of MHC Class I peptides for antigen presentation. In this study, we used an in-vitro cell culture model of acute alcohol exposure to study the effect of ethanol on the proteasome function in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, primary murine peritoneal macrophages obtained by peritoneal lavage from C57BL/6 mice were used to confirm our cell culture findings. We demonstrate that ethanol impairs proteasome function in peritoneal macrophages through suppression of chymotrypsin-like (Cht-L) proteasome activity as well as composition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7. Using primary murine peritoneal macrophages, we have further demonstrated that, ethanol-induced impairment of the proteasome function suppresses processing of antigenic proteins and peptides by the macrophage and in turn suppresses the presentation of these antigens to cells of adaptive immunity. The results of this study provide an important mechanism to explain the immunosuppressive effects of acute ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J. D’Souza
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine – Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shyamal D. Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen L. Rudner
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine – Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michelle N. Kelly
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine – Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - SanBao Ruan
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine – Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Judd E. Shellito
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine – Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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CYP2E1-catalyzed alcohol metabolism: role of oxidant generation in interferon signaling, antigen presentation and autophagy. Subcell Biochem 2013; 67:177-97. [PMID: 23400922 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is one of two major enzymes that catalyze ethanol oxidation in the liver. CYP2E1 is also unique because it is inducible, as its hepatic content rises after continuous (chronic) ethanol administration, thereby accelerating the rate of ethanol metabolism and affording greater tolerance to heavy alcohol consumption. However, the broad substrate specificity of CYP2E1 and its capacity to generate free radicals from alcohol and other hepatotoxins, places CYP2E1 as a central focus of not only liver toxicity, but also as an enzyme that regulates cytokine signaling, antigen presentation, and macromolecular degradation, all of which are crucial to liver cell function and viability. Here, we describe our own and other published work relevant to the importance of CYP2E1-catalyzed ethanol oxidation and how this catalysis affects the aforementioned cellular processes to produce liver injury.
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Dey A. Cytochrome P450 2E1: its clinical aspects and a brief perspective on the current research scenario. Subcell Biochem 2013; 67:1-104. [PMID: 23400917 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism has been very well documented in literature. Besides the involvement of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism as illustrated through the studies discussed in the chapter, recent studies have thrown light on several other aspects of CYP2E1 i.e. its extrahepatic expression, its involvement in several diseases and pathophysiological conditions; and CYP2E1 mediated carcinogenesis and modulation of drug efficacy. Studies involving these interesting facets of CYP2E1 have been discussed in the chapter focusing on the recent observations or ongoing studies illustrating the crucial role of CYP2E1 in disease development and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Dey
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India,
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Kharbanda KK, Bardag-Gorce F, Barve S, Molina PE, Osna NA. Impact of altered methylation in cytokine signaling and proteasome function in alcohol and viral-mediated diseases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1-7. [PMID: 22577887 PMCID: PMC3421055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Data from several laboratories have shown that ethanol (EtOH) feeding impairs many essential methylation reactions that contribute to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). EtOH is also a comorbid factor in the severity of hepatitis C virus-induced liver injury. The presence of viral proteins further exacerbates the methylation defects to disrupt multiple pathways that promote the pathogenesis of liver disease. This review is a compilation of presentations that linked the methylation reaction defects with proteasome inhibition, decreased antigen presentation, and impaired interferon (IFN) signaling in the hepatocytes and dysregulated TNFα expression in macrophages. Two therapeutic modalities, betaine and S-adenosylmethionine, can correct methylation defects to attenuate many EtOH-induced liver changes, as well as improve IFN signaling pathways, thereby overcoming viral treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, 68105, USA; Phone: 1-402-995-3752; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA; Phone: 1-402-995-3735; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
- Corresponding author: Kusum K. Kharbanda, Ph.D., Research Service, Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, 68105, USA Tel.:+1-402-995-3752; Fax: 1+402-449-0604;
| | - Fawzia Bardag-Gorce
- Department of Pathology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W Carson St., Torrance, CA, 90502, USA; Phone: +1-310-222-1846; Fax: +1-310-222-3614
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine and Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Phone: +1-502-852-5245; Fax: +1-502-852-8927
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, Medical Education Building, New Orleans, LA 70112; Phone: 504-568-6187; Fax: 504-568-6158
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, 68105, USA; Phone: 1-402-995-3752; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA; Phone: 1-402-995-3735; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
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18
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Osna NA, Bardag-Gorce F, White RL, Weinman SA, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK. Ethanol and hepatitis C virus suppress peptide-MHC class I presentation in hepatocytes by altering proteasome function. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:2028-35. [PMID: 22551112 PMCID: PMC3414636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that exposure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core-expressing ethanol (EtOH)-metabolizing cells to EtOH significantly suppresses proteasome activity which exists as 26S (20S and 19S) and as an unassociated 20S particle. The replacement of the constitutive proteasomal subunits with immunoproteasome (IPR) favors antigen processing. Here, we examined the effects of EtOH consumption by HCV core transgenic mice on proteasome activity in hepatocytic lysates and in partially purified 26S proteasome and the impact of these changes on antigen presentation. METHODS HCV (-) and HCV (+) core transgenic mice were fed chow diet with or without 20% (v/v) EtOH in water for 4 weeks. Following the feeding regimen, hepatocytes were isolated and examined for chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, oxidative stress, and the presentation of SIINFEKL-H2Kb complex. Additionally, the constitutive proteasome and IPR were purified for further analysis and identification of proteasome-interacting proteins (PIPs). RESULTS EtOH significantly decreased proteasome activity in hepatocytes of HCV (+) mice, and this finding correlated with oxidative stress and dysregulated methylation reactions. In isolated 26S proteasome, EtOH suppressed proteasome activity equally in HCV (+) and HCV (-) mice. EtOH feeding caused proteasome instability and lowered the content of both constitutive and IPR subunits in the 20S proteasome. In addition, the level of other PIPs, PA28 and UCHL5, were also suppressed after EtOH exposure. Furthermore, in EtOH-fed mice and, especially, in HCV (+) mice, the presentation of SIINFEKL-H2Kb complex in hepatocytes was also decreased. CONCLUSIONS Proteasomal dysfunction induced by EtOH feeding and exacerbated by the presence of HCV structural proteins led to suppression of SIINFEKL-H2Kb presentation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA.
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Shoji I. Roles of the two distinct proteasome pathways in hepatitis C virus infection. World J Virol 2012; 1:44-50. [PMID: 24175210 PMCID: PMC3782266 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of a HCV cell culture system enabled us to investigate its whole HCV life cycle and develop a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this virus. Post-translational modification plays a crucial role in HCV replication and in the maturation of viral particles. There is growing evidence also suggesting that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway are involved in the stability control of HCV proteins. Many viruses are known to manipulate the proteasome pathways to modulate the cell cycle, inhibit apoptosis, evade the immune system, and activate cell signaling, thereby contributing to persistent infection and viral carcinogenesis. The identification of functional interactions between HCV and the proteasome pathways will therefore shed new light on the life cycle and pathogenesis of HCV. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the involvement of the ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasome pathways in HCV infection and discusses the roles of these two distinct mechanisms in HCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Shoji
- Ikuo Shoji, Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Szabo G, Wands JR, Eken A, Osna NA, Weinman SA, Machida K, Wang HJ. Alcohol and hepatitis C virus--interactions in immune dysfunctions and liver damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1675-86. [PMID: 20608905 PMCID: PMC3253556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus infection affects 170 million people worldwide, and the majority of individuals exposed to HCV develop chronic hepatitis leading to progressive liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The natural history of HCV infection is influenced by genetic and environmental factors of which chronic alcohol use is an independent risk factor for cirrhosis in HCV-infected individuals. Both the hepatitis C virus and alcohol damage the liver and result in immune alterations contributing to both decreased viral clearance and liver injury. This review will capture the major components of the interactions between alcohol and HCV infection to provide better understanding for the molecular basis of the dangerous combination of alcohol use and HCV infection. Common targets of HCV and alcohol involve innate immune recognition and dendritic cells, the critical cell type in antigen presentation and antiviral immunity. In addition, both alcohol and HCV affect intracellular processes critical for hepatocyte and immune cell functions including mitochondrial and proteasomal activation. Finally, both chronic alcohol use and hepatitis C virus infection increase the risk of hepatocellular cancer. The common molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological interactions between alcohol and HCV include the modulation of cytokine production, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-TLR4 signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LPS-induced chronic inflammation is not only a major cause of progressive liver injury and fibrosis, but it can also contribute to modification of the tissue environment and stem cells to promote hepatocellular cancer development. Alteration of these processes by alcohol and HCV produces an environment of impaired antiviral immune response, greater hepatocellular injury, and activation of cell proliferation and dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Corresponding authors: Gyongyi Szabo, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, LRB215 University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605 Tel: (508) 856-5275 FAX: (508) 856-4770, , H. Joe Wang, PhD, Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, room 2029, MSC 9304, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, Tel: 301-451-0747, Fax: 301-594-0673,
| | - Jack R. Wands
- The Liver Research Center, Brown Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI02903
| | - Ahmet Eken
- The Liver Research Center, Brown Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI02903
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Dept Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Liver Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS66160
| | - Keigo Machida
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - H. Joe Wang
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
- Corresponding authors: Gyongyi Szabo, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, LRB215 University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605 Tel: (508) 856-5275 FAX: (508) 856-4770, , H. Joe Wang, PhD, Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, room 2029, MSC 9304, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, Tel: 301-451-0747, Fax: 301-594-0673,
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