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Zeng C, Zhu X, Li H, Huang Z, Chen M. The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6874. [PMID: 38999981 PMCID: PMC11241258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) family comprises 11 members that are involved in various biological processes such as antiviral defense, cell proliferation regulation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of IRF1-9 in a range of liver diseases, including hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), alcohol-induced liver injury, Con A-induced liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IRF1 is involved in the progression of hepatic IRI through signaling pathways such as PIAS1/NFATc1/HDAC1/IRF1/p38 MAPK and IRF1/JNK. The regulation of downstream IL-12, IL-15, p21, p38, HMGB1, JNK, Beclin1, β-catenin, caspase 3, caspase 8, IFN-γ, IFN-β and other genes are involved in the progression of hepatic IRI, and in the development of HCC through the regulation of PD-L1, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CXCR3. In addition, IRF3-PPP2R1B and IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14 pathways are involved in the development of NAFLD. Other members of the IRF family also play moderately important functions in different liver diseases. Therefore, given the significance of IRFs in liver diseases and the lack of a comprehensive compilation of their molecular mechanisms in different liver diseases, this review is dedicated to exploring the molecular mechanisms of IRFs in various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
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Tan S, Lu X, Chen W, Pan B, Kong G, Wei L. Analysis and experimental validation of IL-17 pathway and key genes as central roles associated with inflammation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6423. [PMID: 38494504 PMCID: PMC10944831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) elicits an immune-inflammatory response that may result in hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, ultimately culminating in postoperative hepatic dysfunction and hepatic failure. The precise mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of HIRI remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation into key molecules and pathways implicated in disease progression to guide drug discovery and potential therapeutic interventions. Gene microarray data was downloaded from the GEO expression profile database. Integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify HIRI signature genes, which were subsequently validated for expression levels and diagnostic efficacy. Finally, the gene expression was verified in an experimental HIRI model and the effect of anti-IL17A antibody intervention in three time points (including pre-ischemic, post-ischemic, and at 1 h of reperfusion) on HIRI and the expression of these genes was investigated. Bioinformatic analyses of the screened characterized genes revealed that inflammation, immune response, and cell death modulation were significantly associated with HIRI pathophysiology. CCL2, BTG2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, TNFRSF12A, and IL-17 pathway were identified as key components involved in the HIRI. Serum and liver IL-17A expression were significantly upregulated during the initial phase of HIRI. Pretreatment with anti-IL-17A antibody effectively alleviated the damage of liver tissue, suppressed inflammatory factors, and serum transaminase levels, and downregulated the mRNA expression of CCL2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, and TNFRSF12A. Injection of anti-IL17A antibody after ischemia and at 1 h of reperfusion failed to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and attenuating HIRI benefits relative to earlier intervention. Our study reveals that the IL-17 pathway and related genes may be involved in the proinflammatory mechanism of HIRI, which may provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Bingbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Luo Z, Sheng Z, Hu L, Shi L, Tian Y, Zhao X, Yang W, Xiao Z, Shen D, Wu W, Lan T, Zhao B, Wang X, Zhuang N, Zhang JN, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Wang P, An J, Yang F, Li Q. Targeted macrophage phagocytosis by Irg1/itaconate axis improves the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke and peritonitis. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104993. [PMID: 38324982 PMCID: PMC10862510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are innate immune cells whose phagocytosis function is critical to the prognosis of stroke and peritonitis. cis-aconitic decarboxylase immune-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) and its metabolic product itaconate inhibit bacterial infection, intracellular viral replication, and inflammation in macrophages. Here we explore whether itaconate regulates phagocytosis. METHODS Phagocytosis of macrophages was investigated by time-lapse video recording, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining in macrophage/microglia cultures isolated from mouse tissue. Unbiased RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing assays were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. The effects of Irg1/itaconate axis on the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) and peritonitis was observed in transgenic (Irg1flox/flox; Cx3cr1creERT/+, cKO) mice or control mice in vivo. FINDINGS In a mouse model of ICH, depletion of Irg1 in macrophage/microglia decreased its phagocytosis of erythrocytes, thereby exacerbating outcomes (n = 10 animals/group, p < 0.05). Administration of sodium itaconate/4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) promoted macrophage phagocytosis (n = 7 animals/group, p < 0.05). In addition, in a mouse model of peritonitis, Irg1 deficiency in macrophages also inhibited phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5 animals/group, p < 0.05) and aggravated outcomes (n = 9 animals/group, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, 4-OI alkylated cysteine 155 on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), consequent in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and transcriptional activation of Cd36 gene. Blocking the function of CD36 completely abolished the phagocytosis-promoting effects of Irg1/itaconate axis in vitro and in vivo. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for phagocytosis-deficiency disorders, supporting further development towards clinical application for the benefit of stroke and peritonitis patients. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070735, 82371321 to Q. Li, 82271240 to F. Yang) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KZ202010025033 to Q. Li).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yichen Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Boqian Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nan Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liyong Wang
- Core Facilities for Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Kim J, Hong SK, Yang Y, Lee A, Hoffmeister KM, Gantner BN, Park JI. Prolonged warm ischemia time increases mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and decreases perfusate cytokine levels in ex vivo rat liver machine perfusion. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1215182. [PMID: 38993858 PMCID: PMC11235240 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1215182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Machine perfusion is increasingly being utilized in liver transplantation in lieu of traditional cold static organ preservation. Nevertheless, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during ex vivo perfusion is necessary to improve the viability of liver grafts after transplantation using machine perfusion technology. Since key cellular signaling pathways involved in hepatic IRI may allow a chance for designing a promising approach to improve the clinical outcomes from this technology, we determined how warm ischemia time (WIT) during procurement affects the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and perfusate concentration of cytokines in an ex vivo rat liver machine perfusion model. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent in situ hepatic ischemia with varying WIT (0, 10, 20, 30 min, n = 5 each), and subsequently 3 h of cold ischemia time and 2 h of machine perfusion prior to determining the degree of MAPK activation-phosphorylation and cytokine concentration in liver tissue and perfusates, respectively. Results Our data revealed a strong correlation between incremental WIT and a series of liver injury markers, and that prolonged WIT increases ERK1/2 and p54 JNK phosphorylation during machine perfusion. Notably, specific cytokine levels (MCP-1, MIP-2, GRO/KC, IL-10, and IL-5) were inversely correlated with the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and p46/p54 JNK. Discussion These results suggest that MAPK activation, specifically ERK1/2 and p54 JNK phosphorylation, have potential as a biomarker for hepatic IRI pathophysiology during machine perfusion. Elucidation of their functional significance may lead to designing a novel strategy to increase the clinical benefit of machine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Seung-Keun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alice Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Karin M. Hoffmeister
- Versiti Translational Glycomics Center, Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Luo W, Bian X, Liu X, Zhang W, Xie Q, Feng L. A new method for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on γδT cell-mediated immune response. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1219316. [PMID: 37600023 PMCID: PMC10435296 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1219316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, and re-perfusion is currently the best intervention. However, re-perfusion may lead to further myocardial injury and increase the area of myocardial infarction. The mechanism of myocardial ischemia-re-perfusion injury is complex, but with more in-depth study, it has been proved that the immune system plays an important role in the process of MIRI. Among them, the γδT cell population has received increasing attention as the main early source of IL-17A in many immune response models. Because γδT cells have the characteristics of linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity,they can rapidly produce IL-17A and produce subsequent immune killing of cardiomyocytes. It can be seen that γδT cells play an important role in MIRI. Therefore, here we review the research progress of immune response in myocardial ischemia-re-perfusion injury, the key characteristics of γδT cells and the role of rapidly produced IL-17 in myocardial ischemia-re-perfusion injury, and propose relevant treatment strategies and prospects for myocardial repair, in order to provide new ideas and methods for clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia-re-perfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Rowe CJ, Walsh SA, Dragon AH, Rhodes AM, Pak OL, Ronzier E, Levi B, Potter BK, Spreadborough PJ, Davis TA. Tourniquet-induced ischemia creates increased risk of organ dysfunction and mortality following delayed limb amputation. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00179-1. [PMID: 36906480 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Tourniquets are critical for the control of traumatic extremity hemorrhage. In this study, we sought to determine, in a rodent blast-related extremity amputation model, the impact of prolonged tourniquet application and delayed limb amputation on survival, systemic inflammation, and remote end organ injury. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to blast overpressure (120±7 kPa) and orthopedic extremity injury consisting femur fracture, one-minute soft tissue crush injury (20 psi), ± 180 min of tourniquet-induced hindlimb ischemia followed by delayed (60 min of reperfusion) hindlimb amputation (dHLA). All animals in the non-tourniquet group survived whereas 7/21 (33%) of the animals in the tourniquet group died within the first 72 h with no deaths observed between 72 and 168 h post-injury. Tourniquet induced ischemia-reperfusion injury (tIRI) likewise resulted in a more robust systemic inflammation (cytokines and chemokines) and concomitant remote pulmonary, renal, and hepatic dysfunction (BUN, CR, ALT. AST, IRI/inflammation-mediated genes). These results indicate prolonged tourniquet application and dHLA increases risk of complications from tIRI, leading to greater risk of local and systemic complications including organ dysfunction or death. We thus need enhanced strategies to mitigate the systemic effects of tIRI, particularly in the military prolonged field care (PFC) setting. Furthermore, future work is needed to extend the window within which tourniquet deflation to assess limb viability remains feasible, as well as new, limb-specific or systemic point of care tests to better assess the risks of tourniquet deflation with limb preservation in order to optimize patient care and save both limb and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Rowe
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, United States
| | - Sarah A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Andrea H Dragon
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, United States
| | - Alisha M Rhodes
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, United States
| | - Olivia L Pak
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, United States
| | - Elsa Ronzier
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, United States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin K Potter
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Philip J Spreadborough
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
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Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a new understanding of the role of innate immunity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:239-256. [PMID: 34837066 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), a local sterile inflammatory response driven by innate immunity, is one of the primary causes of early organ dysfunction and failure after liver transplantation. Cellular damage resulting from LIRI is an important risk factor not only for graft dysfunction but also for acute and even chronic rejection and exacerbates the shortage of donor organs for life-saving liver transplantation. Hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, along with extrahepatic monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and platelets, are all involved in LIRI. However, the mechanisms underlying the responses of these cells in the acute phase of LIRI and how these responses are orchestrated to control and resolve inflammation and achieve homeostatic tissue repair are not well understood. Technological advances allow the tracking of cells to better appreciate the role of hepatic macrophages and platelets (such as their origin and immunomodulatory and tissue-remodelling functions) and hepatic neutrophils (such as their selective recruitment, anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing functions, and formation of extracellular traps and reverse migration) in LIRI. In this Review, we summarize the role of macrophages, platelets and neutrophils in LIRI, highlight unanswered questions, and discuss prospects for innovative therapeutic regimens against LIRI in transplant recipients.
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Jiang W, Chen G, Pu J. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 is an endogenous mediator of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:63-72. [PMID: 34658101 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury negatively affects the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), while effective suppression of MIR injury remains a largely unmet clinical need. Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are key players in chronic cardiac disorders such as cardiac remodeling. However, their roles in acute MIR injury remain largely unknown. In the current study, microarray data indicated that IRF1 expression was consistently changed in the human ischemic heart and ischemic reperfused mouse heart. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression alterations of IRF1 in ischemic reperfused mouse heart. Cardiac-specific IRF1 knockdown significantly decreased infarct size, improved cardiac function, and suppressed myocardial apoptosis after MIR injury. Conversely, cardiac-specific IRF1 overexpression significantly promoted MIR injury. Further investigation revealed that IRF1 transcriptionally regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and augmented oxidative stress. Taken together, we presented the first direct evidence that IRF1 served as a mediator of MIR injury, and IRF1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for alleviating MIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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Hepatic interferon regulatory factor 8 expression mediates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114728. [PMID: 34400126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable complication of hepatic surgery occasioned by liver transplantation and resection. The progression from liver ischemia to reperfusion injury is accompanied by abnormal metabolism, Kupffer cell activation, neutrophil recruitment and the release of cytokines. Activation of several interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) has been reported to either enhance or restrict I/R progression, but the role of IRF8 in the regulation of I/R injury progression is still unknown. In this study, we explore the IRF8 function in the I/R-mediated liver injury using overexpressed hepatic IRF8 and knockout mice. According to our results, IRF8 knockout mice had significantly lower inflammatory cells infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release and serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels that improved the necrotic injury after I/R, unlike the control mice. Conversely, the overexpression of IRF8 in WT mice markedly aggravated the liver structure damage and its abnormal function. We further showed that IRF8-mediated inflammatory cells infiltration were partly dependent on early autophagy and NF-κΒ signal pathway during I/R. AAV8-IRF8-I/R mice pretreated with autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine and NF-κΒ signal pathway inhibitor secukinumab could drastically reverse the IRF8-mediated increase of neutrophil infiltration and chemokine release at different degrees. This work uncovered a critical role of IRF8 in the modulation of the hepatic microenvironment and as a potential target in the initial treatment of I/R injury.
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10
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Jiang A, Du P, Liu Y, Pu J, Shi J, Zhang H. Metformin regulates the Th17/Treg balance by glycolysis with TIGAR in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:40-48. [PMID: 33858654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of Th17/Treg plays an important role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis for energy metabolism governs the differentiate of CD 4+ T-cells to Th17/Treg. Metformin can regulate glucose metabolism in the liver, but its protective effect on I/R liver injury and its effect on Th17/Treg balancestill unknown. In this study, the I/R liver injury rat model and the primary hepatocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model were established. The biochemical indexes, inflammatory factor indexes, Th17/Treg balance and energy metabolism were evaluated. RNA-seq and gene knockout cells were used to investigated the target protein of metformin. The results showed that metformin could effectively improve liver injury caused by I/R, significantly inhibit the glycolysis, improve the Th17/Treg balance, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors. RNA-seq results showed that TIGAR was a possible regulatory site of metformin. However, the protective effect and the regulating effect of Th17/Treg balance by metformin in TIGAR knock-out cells were disappeared. In conclusion, metformin could regulate TIGAR inhibit glycolysis then regulate Th17/Treg balance, inhibit the release of liver inflammatory factors, and finally play a role in inhibiting the occurrence of liver injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Peishan Du
- Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jiekun Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jinzheng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
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IL-27 Protects the Brain from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the gp130/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1838-1848. [PMID: 33851350 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to dysfunction as well as high rates of morbidity and mortality in stroke, and new effective therapeutic strategies for I/R are still needed. We investigated the effect of IL-27 on I/R injury-induced neurological function impairment, cerebral infarction volume and variation in levels of inflammatory factors in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), as well as concentration of LDH and neuronal apoptosis in a neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model mediated by gp130/STAT3 signaling in vitro. Our results indicated that IL-27 could bind to its receptor of gp130 to attenuate the I/R injury-induced impairment function and cerebral infarction volume, and decrease inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 but increase anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β in vivo, while inhibiting LDH leakage and neuronal apoptosis through activation of STAT3 to antagonize I/R induction. Our results suggest that IL-27 may protect the brain from I/R injury through the gp130/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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12
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Xu M, Hang H, Huang M, Li J, Xu D, Jiao J, Wang F, Wu H, Sun X, Gu J, Kong X, Gao Y. DJ-1 Deficiency in Hepatocytes Improves Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Mitophagy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:567-584. [PMID: 33766785 PMCID: PMC8258983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS DJ-1 is universally expressed in various tissues and organs and is involved in the physiological processes in various liver diseases. However, the role of DJ-1 in liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we first examined the DJ-1 expression changes in the liver tissues of mice and clinical donor after hepatic I/R by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays. Then we investigated the role of DJ-1 in I/R injury by using a murine liver I/R model. RESULTS We demonstrated that DJ-1 down-regulation in both human and mouse liver tissues in response to I/R injury and Dj-1 deficiency in hepatocytes but not in myeloid cells could significantly ameliorate I/R induced liver injury and inflammatory responses. This hepatoprotective effect was dependent on enhanced autophagy in Dj-1 knockout mice, because inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine and chloroquine could reverse the protective effect on hepatic I/R injury in Dj-1 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Dj-1 deficiency in hepatocytes significantly enhanced mitochondrial accumulation and protein stability of PARKIN, which in turn promotes the onset of mitophagy resulting in elevated clearance of damaged mitochondria during I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China
| | - Hualian Hang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichang Li
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhe Jiao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China.
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shangha, China.
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13
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Germanova D, Keirsse J, Köhler A, Hastir JF, Demetter P, Delbauve S, Elkrim Y, Verset L, Larbanoix L, Preyat N, Laurent S, Nedospasov S, Donckier V, Van Ginderachter JA, Flamand V. Myeloid tumor necrosis factor and heme oxygenase-1 regulate the progression of colorectal liver metastases during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1276-1288. [PMID: 33038274 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that occurs consequently to hepatic resection performed in patients with metastases can lead to tumor relapse for not fully understood reasons. We assessed the effects of liver IR on tumor growth and the innate immune response in a mouse model of colorectal (CR) liver metastasis. Mice subjected to liver ischemia 2 days after intrasplenic injection of CR carcinoma cells displayed a higher metastatic load in the liver, correlating with Kupffer cells (KC) death through the activation of receptor-interating protein 3 kinase (RIPK3) and caspase-1 and a recruitment of monocytes. Interestingly, the immunoregulatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were strongly upregulated in recruited monocytes and were also expressed in the surviving KC following IR. Using TNFflox/flox LysMcre/wt mice, we showed that TNF deficiency in macrophages and monocytes favors tumor progression after IR. The antitumor effect of myeloid cell-derived TNF involved direct tumor cell apoptosis and a reduced expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-10, inducible nitric oxyde synthase (iNOS), IL-33 and HO-1. Conversely, a monocyte/macrophage-specific deficiency in HO-1 (HO-1flox/flox LysMcre/wt ) or the blockade of HO-1 function led to the control of tumor progression post-liver IR. Importantly, host cell RIPK3 deficiency maintains the KC number upon IR, inhibits the IR-induced innate cell recruitment, increases the TNF level, decreases the HO-1 level and suppresses the tumor outgrowth. In conclusion, tumor recurrence in host undergoing liver IR is associated with the death of antitumoral KC and the recruitment of monocytes endowed with immunosuppressive properties. In both of which HO-1 inhibition would reinforce their antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Germanova
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Köhler
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Jean-François Hastir
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Peter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Delbauve
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Yvon Elkrim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université de Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Preyat
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université de Mons, Belgium
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Service de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
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14
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Characteristics of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines as a Function of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Stage in Mice. Inflammation 2020; 42:2139-2147. [PMID: 31494794 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can severely compromise the prognosis of patients receiving liver surgery. While inflammation contributes to the damage resulting from IRI, only a limited number of inflammation biomarkers have been identified as being associated with the different stages of hepatic IRI. As an approach to identify some of these inflammatory cytokines and the molecular mechanisms involved within different stages of hepatic IRI, we used an advanced antibody array assay to detect multiple proteins. With this technology, we observed specific differences in the content of inflammatory cytokines between ischemic and sham controls, as well as a function of the different reperfusion stages in a hepatic IRI mouse model. For example, while liver tissue content of IL-12p40/p70 was significantly increased in the ischemic stage, it was significantly decreased in the reperfusion stage as compared with that of the sham group. For other inflammatory cytokines, no changes were obtained between the ischemic and reperfusion stages with levels of IL-17, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin, and sTNF RII all being consistently increased, while those of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, BLC, and MCSF consistently decreased as compared with that of the sham group at all reperfusion stages examined. Results from protein function annotation Gene Ontology and the KEGG pathway revealed that inflammatory cytokines are enriched in a network associated with activation of inflammatory response signaling pathways such as TLR, TNF, and IL-17 when comparing responses of the IR versus sham groups. The identification of cytokines along with their roles at specific stages of IRI may reveal important new biological markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatic IRI.
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15
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Torres-Hernandez A, Wang W, Nikiforov Y, Tejada K, Torres L, Kalabin A, Adam S, Wu J, Lu L, Chen R, Lemmer A, Camargo J, Hundeyin M, Diskin B, Aykut B, Kurz E, Kochen Rossi JA, Khan M, Liria M, Sanchez G, Wu N, Su W, Adams S, Haq MIU, Farooq MS, Vasudevaraja V, Leinwand J, Miller G. γδ T Cells Promote Steatohepatitis by Orchestrating Innate and Adaptive Immune Programming. Hepatology 2020; 71:477-494. [PMID: 31529720 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in the liver delineates the transition from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis (SH). APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that in SH, γδT cells are recruited to the liver by C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 2, CCR5, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 signaling and are skewed toward an interleukin (IL)-17A+ phenotype in an inducible costimulator (ICOS)/ICOS ligand-dependent manner. γδT cells exhibit a distinct Vγ4+ , PD1+ , Ly6C+ CD44+ phenotype in SH. Moreover, γδT cells up-regulate both CD1d, which is necessary for lipid-based antigens presentation, and the free fatty acid receptor, CD36. γδT cells are stimulated to express IL-17A by palmitic acid and CD1d ligation. Deletion, depletion, and targeted interruption of γδT cell recruitment protects against diet-induced SH and accelerates disease resolution. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that hepatic γδT cells exacerbate SH, independent of IL-17 expression, by mitigating conventional CD4+ T-cell expansion and modulating their inflammatory program by CD1d-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yuri Nikiforov
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Karla Tejada
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Luisana Torres
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aleksandr Kalabin
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Salma Adam
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aaron Lemmer
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jimmy Camargo
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mautin Hundeyin
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Brian Diskin
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Berk Aykut
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Emma Kurz
- Department of Cell Biology, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Juan A Kochen Rossi
- Department of Cell Biology, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mohammed Khan
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Miguel Liria
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gustavo Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wenyu Su
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Steven Adams
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Muhammad Israr Ul Haq
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mohammad Saad Farooq
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Department of Pathology, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - George Miller
- Department of Surgery, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Cell Biology, S.A. Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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16
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Kageyama S, Hirao H, Nakamura K, Ke B, Zhang M, Ito T, Aziz A, Oncel D, Kaldas FM, Busuttil RW, Sosa RA, Reed EF, Araujo JA, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Recipient HO-1 inducibility is essential for posttransplant hepatic HO-1 expression and graft protection: From bench-to-bedside. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:356-367. [PMID: 30059195 PMCID: PMC6349504 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
By documenting potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, preclinical studies encourage heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-inducing regimens in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aimed to determine the importance of recipient-derived HO-1 in murine and human OLTs. Hepatic biopsies from 51 OLT patients were screened for HO-1 expression (Western blots) prior to put-in (basal) and post reperfusion (stressed) and correlated with the hepatocellular function. In parallel, livers from HO-1 proficient mice (WT; C57/BL6), subjected to ex vivo cold storage (18 hour), were transplanted to syngeneic myeloid HO-1 deficient (mHO-1 KO) or FLOX (control) hosts, and sampled postreperfusion (6 hour). In human OLT, posttransplant but not pretransplant HO-1 expression correlated negatively with ALT levels (P = .0178). High posttransplant but not pretransplant HO-1 expression trended with improved OLT survival. Compared with controls, livers transplanted into mHO-1 KO recipient mice had decreased HO-1 levels, exacerbated hepatic damage/frequency of TUNEL+ cells, increased mRNA levels coding for TNFα/CXCL1/CXCL2/CXCL10, higher frequency of Ly6G+/4HN+ neutrophils; and enhanced MPO activity. Peritoneal neutrophils from mHO-1 KO mice exhibited higher CellRox+ ratio and increased TNFα/CXCL1/CXCL2/CXCL10 expression. By demonstrating the importance of posttransplant recipient HO-1 phenotype in hepatic macrophage/neutrophil regulation and function, this translational study identifies recipient HO-1 inducibility as a novel biomarker of ischemic stress resistance in OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Takahiro Ito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Antony Aziz
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Damla Oncel
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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17
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Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. The Evolving Role of Neutrophils in Liver Transplant Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019; 6:78-89. [PMID: 31602356 PMCID: PMC6786799 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an inevitable event during liver transplantation, represents a major risk factor for the primary graft dysfunction as well as the development of acute and chronic rejection. Neutrophils, along macrophages, are pivotal in the innate immune-driven liver IRI, whereas the effective neutrophil-targeting therapies remain to be established. In this review, we summarize progress in our appreciation of the neutrophil biology and discuss neutrophil-based therapeutic perspectives. Recent Findings New technological advances enable to accurately track neutrophil movements and help to understand molecular mechanisms in neutrophil function, such as selective recruitment to IR-stressed tissue, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, or reverse migration into circulation. In addition to pro-inflammatory and tissue-destructive functions, immune regulatory and tissue-repairing phenotype associated with distinct neutrophil subsets have been identified. Summary Newly recognized and therapeutically attractive neutrophil characteristics warrant comprehensive preclinical and clinical attention to target IRI in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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18
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Zhang P, Ming Y, Cheng K, Niu Y, Ye Q. Gene Expression Profiling in Ischemic Postconditioning to Alleviate Mouse Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:343-354. [PMID: 30745817 PMCID: PMC6367534 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPO) attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the underlying biological pathophysiology, which could be, at least in part, informed by exploring the transcriptomic changes using next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). In this study, 18 mice (C57BL/6) were involved and randomly assigned to three groups: normal (n=6), I/R (n=6, subjected to 70% hepatic I/R), and IR+IPO (n=6, applying IPO to mice with I/R injury). We randomly selected 3 mice per group and extracted their liver tissues for next-generation RNA-Seq. We performed a bioinformatics analysis for two comparisons: normal vs. I/R and I/R vs. IR+IPO. From the analysis, 2416 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (p < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 1.5). Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were mainly related to cellular metabolic processes, nucleic acids and protein binding processes. The enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for the DEGs were the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), IL-17 signalling pathway, regulating pluripotency of stem cells, and insulin resistance pathway. Validation of 12 selected DEGs by qRT-PCR showed that Cyr61, Atf3, Nr4a1, Gdf15, Osgin1, Egr1, Epha2, Dusp1, Dusp6, Gadd45a and Gadd45b were significantly amplified. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed to determine interactions of these 11 DEGs. In summary, by exploring gene expression profiling in regard to hepatic I/R and IPO using next-generation RNA-Seq, we suggested a few progression-related genes and pathways, providing some clues for future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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19
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Zhang S, Jiang S, Wang H, Di W, Deng C, Jin Z, Yi W, Xiao X, Nie Y, Yang Y. SIRT6 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy related cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:18-30. [PMID: 29129519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6), a class III histone deacetylase, has been revealed to participate in multiple metabolic processes in the liver, and it plays important roles in protecting against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple organs. In this study, we explored whether SIRT6 is protective against hepatic I/R injury and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The expression of SIRT6 was significantly decreased during reperfusion compared with the control group. SIRT6-LKO mice exhibited significantly aggravated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activation, and apoptosis and autophagy related hepatocyte death compared with control mice. In vitro studies in SIRT6-KO hepatocytes exhibited similar results. In contrast, SIRT6 upregulation alleviated liver damage during hepatic I/R injury. Our study demonstrated for the first time that SIRT6 upregulation effectively protects against hepatic I/R injury. The underlying mechanisms involve the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis and mitochondrial function, which subsequently inhibit the inflammatory responses and MAPK signaling, and finally attenuate apoptosis and autophagy related hepatocyte death. These results suggest that the activation of SIRT6 exerts multifaceted protective effects during hepatic I/R injury, which can provide a novel therapeutic target for hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Changan South Road, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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20
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Mosedale M, Kim Y, Brock WJ, Roth SE, Wiltshire T, Eaddy JS, Keele GR, Corty RW, Xie Y, Valdar W, Watkins PB. Editor's Highlight: Candidate Risk Factors and Mechanisms for Tolvaptan-Induced Liver Injury Are Identified Using a Collaborative Cross Approach. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:438-454. [PMID: 28115652 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of tolvaptan showed it to be a promising candidate for the treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) but also revealed potential for idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in this patient population. To identify risk factors and mechanisms underlying tolvaptan DILI, 8 mice in each of 45 strains of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population were treated with a single oral dose of either tolvaptan or vehicle. Significant elevations in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed in tolvaptan-treated animals in 3 of the 45 strains. Genetic mapping coupled with transcriptomic analysis in the liver was used to identify several candidate susceptibility genes including epoxide hydrolase 2, interferon regulatory factor 3, and mitochondrial fission factor. Gene pathway analysis revealed that oxidative stress and immune response pathways were activated in response to tolvaptan treatment across all strains, but genes involved in regulation of bile acid homeostasis were most associated with tolvaptan-induced elevations in ALT. Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (Slpi) mRNA was also induced in the susceptible strains and was associated with increased plasma levels of Slpi protein, suggesting a potential serum marker for DILI susceptibility. In summary, tolvaptan induced signs of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and innate immune response in all strains, but variation in bile acid homeostasis was most associated with susceptibility to the liver response. This CC study has indicated potential mechanisms underlying tolvaptan DILI and biomarkers of susceptibility that may be useful in managing the risk of DILI in ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrie Mosedale
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - William J Brock
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850.,Brock Scientific Consulting, Montgomery Village, Maryland 20886
| | - Sharin E Roth
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Tim Wiltshire
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - J Scott Eaddy
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Gregory R Keele
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Robert W Corty
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Paul B Watkins
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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21
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Abstract
Liver ischemia reperfusion activates innate immune system to drive the full development of inflammatory hepatocellular injury. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) stimulate myeloid and dendritic cells via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate the immune response. Complex intracellular signaling network transduces inflammatory signaling to regulate both innate immune cell activation and parenchymal cell death. Recent studies have revealed that DAMPs may trigger not only proinflammatory but also immune regulatory responses by activating different PRRs or distinctive intracellular signaling pathways or in special cell populations. Additionally, tissue injury milieu activates PRR-independent receptors which also regulate inflammatory disease processes. Thus, the innate immune mechanism of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury involves diverse molecular and cellular interactions, subjected to both endogenous and exogenous regulation in different cells. A better understanding of these complicated regulatory pathways/network is imperative for us in designing safe and effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver has a number of functions in innate immunity. These functions predispose the liver to innate immune-mediated liver injury when inflammation goes unchecked. Significant progress has been made in the last 25 years on sterile inflammatory liver injury in a number of models; however, a great deal of controversy and many questions about the nature of sterile inflammation still exist. AIM The goal of this article is to review sterile inflammatory liver injury using both a basic approach to what constitutes the inflammatory injury, and through examination of current models of liver injury and inflammation. This information will be tied to human patient conditions when appropriate. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Inflammation is one of the most critical factors for managing in-patient liver disease in a number of scenarios. More information is needed for both scientists and clinicians to develop rational treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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23
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Wang J, Koh H, Zhou L, Bae U, Lee H, Bang IH, Ka S, Oh S, Bae EJ, Park B. Sirtuin 2 aggravates postischemic liver injury by deacetylating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. Hepatology 2017; 65:225-236. [PMID: 27532371 PMCID: PMC5215544 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) is known to negatively regulate anoxia-reoxygenation injury in myoblasts. Because protein levels of Sirt2 are increased in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-injured liver tissues, we examined whether Sirt2 is protective or detrimental against hepatic I/R injury. We overexpressed Sirt2 in the liver of C57BL/6 mice using a Sirt2 adenovirus. Wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice were subjected to a partial (70%) hepatic ischemia for 45 minutes, followed by various periods of reperfusion. In another set of experiments, wild-type mice were pretreated intraperitoneally with AGK2, a Sirt2 inhibitor. Isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells from wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury to determine the in vitro effects of Sirt2. Mice subjected to I/R injury showed typical patterns of hepatocellular damage. Prior injection with Sirt2 adenovirus aggravated liver injury, as demonstrated by increases in serum aminotransferases, prothrombin time, proinflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, and neutrophil infiltration relative to control virus-injected mice. Pretreatment with AGK2 resulted in significant improvements in serum aminotransferase levels and histopathologic findings. Similarly, experiments with Sirt2 knockout mice also revealed reduced hepatocellular injury. The molecular mechanism of Sirt2's involvement in this aggravation of hepatic I/R injury includes the deacetylation and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and consequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. CONCLUSION Sirt2 is an aggravating factor during hepatic I/R injury. (Hepatology 2017;65:225-236).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyoung‐Won Koh
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Sports MedicineTaishan Medical UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Ui‐Jin Bae
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Hwa‐Suk Lee
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - In Hyuk Bang
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun‐O Ka
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Seon‐Hee Oh
- Department of Premedics, School of MedicineChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of PharmacyWoosuk UniversityWanjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Hyun Park
- Department of BiochemistryChonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonjuJeonbukRepublic of Korea
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24
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Blocking Notch signal in myeloid cells alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by repressing the activation of NF-κB through CYLD. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32226. [PMID: 27680285 PMCID: PMC5041084 DOI: 10.1038/srep32226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major reason of hepatocyte injury during liver surgery and transplantation. Myeloid cells including macrophages and neutrophils play important roles in sustained tissue inflammation and damage, but the mechanisms regulating myeloid cells activity have been elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of Notch signaling in myeloid cells during hepatic I/R injury by using a mouse model of myeloid specific conditional knockout of RBP-J. Myeloid-specific RBP-J deletion alleviated hepatic I/R injury. RBP-J deletion in myeloid cells decreased hepatocytes apoptosis after hepatic I/R injury. Furthermore, myeloid-specific RBP-J deletion led to attenuated inflammation response in liver after I/R injury. Consistently, Notch blockade reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in vitro. We also found that blocking Notch signaling reduced NF-κB activation and increased cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression and knockdown of CYLD rescued reduction of inflammatory cytokines induced by Notch blockade in macrophages during I/R injury in vitro. On the other hand, activation of Notch signaling in macrophages led to increased inflammatory cytokine production and NF-κB activation and decreased CYLD expression in vitro. These data suggest that activation of Notch signaling in myeloid cells aggravates I/R injury, by enhancing the inflammation response by NF-κB through down regulation of CYLD.
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25
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Up-Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Involves in Neuronal Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2937-2947. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Cannistrà M, Ruggiero M, Zullo A, Gallelli G, Serafini S, Maria M, Naso A, Grande R, Serra R, Nardo B. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: A systematic review of literature and the role of current drugs and biomarkers. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S57-70. [PMID: 27255130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not only a pathophysiological process involving the liver, but also a complex systemic process affecting multiple tissues and organs. Hepatic IRI can seriously impair liver function, even producing irreversible damage, which causes a cascade of multiple organ dysfunction. Many factors, including anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and secretion of ROS, intracellular Ca(2+) overload, cytokines and chemokines produced by KCs and neutrophils, and NO, are involved in the regulation of hepatic IRI processes. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) can be an important mediator of early leukocyte recruitment and target in acute and chronic liver injury associated to ischemia. MMPs and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) could be used as markers of I-R injury severity stages. This review explores the relationship between factors and inflammatory pathways that characterize hepatic IRI, MMPs and current pharmacological approaches to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cannistrà
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Michele Ruggiero
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zullo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gallelli
- Department of Emergency, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Simone Serafini
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Mazzitelli Maria
- Department of Primary Care, Provincial Health Authority of Vibo Valentia, 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy.
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Bruno Nardo
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy.
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27
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Zhang L, Xiang W, Wang G, Yan Z, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Sengupta R, Chen AF, Loughran PA, Lu B, Wang Q, Billiar TR. Interferon β (IFN-β) Production during the Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Response in Hepatocytes Involves Coordinated and Feedforward Signaling through Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3), RNA-dependent Protein Kinase (PKR), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and Src Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15093-107. [PMID: 27226571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the liver is important for antiviral defenses but can also contribute to sterile inflammation during liver injury. Hepatocytes are often the target of viral infection and are easily injured by inflammatory insults. Here we sought to establish the pathways involved in the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) in response to extracellular poly(I:C), a dsRNA mimetic, in hepatocytes. This was of interest because hepatocytes are long-lived and, unlike most immune cells that readily die after activation with dsRNA, are not viewed as cells with robust antimicrobial capacity. We found that poly(I:C) leads to rapid up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), and Src. The production of IFN-β was dependent on iNOS, PKR, and Src and partially dependent on TLR3/Trif. iNOS and Src up-regulation was partially dependent on TLR3/Trif but entirely dependent on PKR. The phosphorylation of TLR3 on tyrosine 759 was shown to increase in parallel to IFN-β production in an iNOS- and Src-dependent manner, and Src was found to directly interact with TLR3 in the endosomal compartment of poly(I:C)-treated cells. Furthermore, we identified a robust NO/cGMP/PKG-dependent feedforward pathway for the amplification of iNOS expression. These data identify iNOS/NO as an integral component of IFN-β production in response to dsRNA in hepatocytes in a pathway that involves the coordinated activities of TLR3/Trif and PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, the Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Zhengzheng Yan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Zhong Guo
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Alex F Chen
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Patricia A Loughran
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, the Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and
| | - Ben Lu
- the Xiangya Third Hospital and Central South University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingde Wang
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213,
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28
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Wang H, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Q, Billiar TR. ADAR1 Suppresses the Activation of Cytosolic RNA-Sensing Signaling Pathways to Protect the Liver from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20248. [PMID: 26832817 PMCID: PMC4735287 DOI: 10.1038/srep20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation resulting from activation of the innate immune system significantly contributes to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Inflammatory reactions in both IRI and infections share the same signaling pathways evoked by danger/pathogen associated molecular pattern molecules. The cytosolic retinoid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)-like RNA receptor (RLR) RNA sensing pathway mediates type I IFN production during viral infection and the sensing of viral RNA is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). Using a model of liver IRI, we provide evidence that ADAR1 also regulates cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways in the setting of ischemic stress. Suppression of ADAR1 significantly enhanced inflammation and liver damage following IRI, which was accompanied by significant increases in type I IFN through cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways. In addition, knocking ADAR1 down in hepatocytes exaggerates inflammatory signaling to dsRNA or endotoxin and results in over production of type I IFN, which could be abolished by the interruption of RIG-I. Therefore, we identified a novel ADAR1-dependent protective contribution through which hepatocytes guard against aberrant cytosolic RLR-RNA-sensing pathway mediated inflammatory reaction in response to acute liver IR. ADAR1 protects against over activation of viral RNA-sensing pathways in non-infectious tissue stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingde Wang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 410083
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
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29
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Wang G, Wang H, Singh S, Zhou P, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Chen A, Billiar T, Monga SP, Wang Q. ADAR1 Prevents Liver Injury from Inflammation and Suppresses Interferon Production in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3224-37. [PMID: 26453800 PMCID: PMC4729276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an essential protein for embryonic liver development. ADAR1 loss is embryonically lethal because of severe liver damage. Although ADAR1 is required in adult livers to prevent liver cell death, as demonstrated by liver-specific conditional knockout (Alb-ADAR1(KO)) mice, the mechanism remains elusive. We systematically analyzed Alb-ADAR1(KO) mice for liver damage. Differentiation genes and inflammatory pathways were examined in hepatic tissues from Alb-ADAR1(KO) and littermate controls. Inducible ADAR1 KO mice were used to validate regulatory effects of ADAR1 on inflammatory cytokines. We found that Alb-ADAR1(KO) mice showed dramatic growth retardation and high mortality because of severe structural and functional damage to the liver, which showed overwhelming inflammation, cell death, fibrosis, fatty change, and compensatory regeneration. Simultaneously, Alb-ADAR1(KO) showed altered expression of key differentiation genes and significantly higher levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines, especially type I interferons, which was also verified by inducible ADAR1 knockdown in primary hepatocyte cultures. We conclude that ADAR1 is an essential molecule for maintaining adult liver homeostasis and, in turn, morphological and functional integrity. It inhibits the production of type I interferons and other inflammatory cytokines. Our findings may provide novel insight in the pathogenesis of liver diseases caused by excessive inflammatory responses, including autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alex Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cardiology, Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cardiology, Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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30
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Ni MM, Xu T, Wang YR, He YH, Zhou Q, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. Inhibition of IRF3 expression reduces TGF-β1-induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 72:9-23. [PMID: 26611114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of liver fibrosis remains an unresolved clinical problem. Activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a pivotal event in the progression of liver fibrosis. Recent reports have showed that inhibition of activated HSC proliferation contributes to the reversal of liver fibrosis. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), one member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, is recently proven to be a critical modulator in cardiac fibrosis. And accumulating evidence demonstrated that IRF3 plays a crucial role in liver diseases, such as hepatic steatosis, liver inflammation, and alcoholic liver injury. However, the understanding of the function of IRF3 in liver fibrosis remains limited. Our results identified the role of IRF3 in regulating human HSC (LX-2 cell) cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study indicated that the expression of IRF3 was significantly increased in HSCs in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, a stable and unlimited source of human HSC, the LX-2 cell line, transfected with IRF3-siRNA significantly decreases the expression level of type I collagen (Col1a1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in activated LX-2 cells. On the contrary, overexpression of IRF3 gives rise to an upregulation of Col1a1 and α-SMA in LX-2 cells, and further promoted HSC proliferation. Moreover, the inhibition of IRF3 significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced HSC proliferation and increased its apoptosis. Of note, the present study indicated IRF3 may regulate LX-2 cell proliferation by via AKT signaling pathway. In summary, these observations suggest IRF3 may function as a novel regulator to modulate TGF-β1-induced LX-2 proliferation, at least in part, via AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-ming Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ya-rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying-hua He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China.
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Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor signalings in cardiometabolic diseases. Hypertension 2015; 66:222-47. [PMID: 26077571 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.).
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Serum interleukin 17 as an early prognostic biomarker of severe acute pancreatitis receiving continuous blood purification. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:192-8. [PMID: 25907530 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with systemic inflammation, immunoparalysis, and sepsis, and may lead to vital organ failure and death. We evaluated the efficacy of serum interleukin 17 (IL-17) concentration for predicting eventual SAP severity and the clinical benefits of removing IL-17 by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). METHODS Patients were divided into 2 groups according to severity: Grade 1 (n = 18, SAP without organ dysfunction) and Grade 2 (n = 18, SAP with organ dysfunction). 20 healthy volunteers served as controls. All patients underwent 24-h CVVH and blood samples were taken at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h for measurement of bacterial load and serum IL-17, IL-6, and endotoxin. Clinical condition was graded by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. RESULTS Baseline IL-17, IL-6, endotoxin, and bacterial load were higher in Grade 2 patients. SOFA scores improved significantly, and serum IL-17, IL-6, endotoxin, and bacterial load decreased significantly in all patients after CVVH. Serum IL-17 was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6, bacterial load, and endotoxin during CVVH treatment. In addition, post-CVVH serum IL-17 was directly correlated with SOFA scores on days 1 and 7, and with duration of hospital stay. Non-survivors showed both higher SOFA scores on day 1 and higher baseline IL-17 than survivors. CONCLUSIONS Earlier and higher serum IL-17 elevation predicted prolonged hospitalization, organ failure, and death, possibly by disrupting gut barrier function. CVVH can remove inflammatory cytokines from serum, including IL-17 and IL-6, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response and diminishing associated systemic complications.
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Wang PX, Zhang R, Huang L, Zhu LH, Jiang DS, Chen HZ, Zhang Y, Tian S, Zhang XF, Zhang XD, Liu DP, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor 9 is a key mediator of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Hepatol 2015; 62:111-20. [PMID: 25152205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by anoxic cell injury and the generation of inflammatory mediators, leading to hepatic parenchymal cell death. The activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) has been implicated in hepatic I/R injury, but the role of IRF9 in this progression is unclear. METHODS We investigated the function and molecular mechanisms of IRF9 in transgene and knockout mice subjected to warm I/R of the liver. Isolated hepatocytes from IRF9 transgene and knockout mice were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury to determine the in vitro effects of IRF9. RESULTS The injuries were augmented in IRF9-overexpressing mice that were subjected to warm I/R of the liver. In contrast, a deficiency in IRF9 markedly reduced the necrotic area, serum alanine amino transferase/aspartate amino transferase (ALT/AST), immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine levels, and hepatocyte apoptosis after liver I/R. Sirtuin (SIRT) 1 levels were significantly higher and the acetylation of p53 was decreased in the IRF9 knockout mice. Notably, IRF9 suppressed the activity of the SIRT1 promoter luciferase reporter and deacetylase activity. Liver injuries were significantly more severe in the IRF9/SIRT1 double knockout (DKO) mice in the I/R model, eliminating the protective effects observed in the IRF9 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS IRF9 has a novel function of inducing hepatocyte apoptosis after I/R injury by decreasing SIRT1 expression and increasing acetyl-p53 levels. Targeting IRF9 may be a potential strategy for ameliorating ischemic liver injury after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - De-Pei Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on NK cells protects from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation 2014; 97:1102-9. [PMID: 24804996 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) significantly contributes to graft dysfunction after liver transplantation. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial innate effector cells in the liver and express tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a potent inducer of hepatocyte cell death. Here, we investigated if TRAIL expression on NK cells contributes to hepatic IRI. METHODS The outcome after partial hepatic IRI was assessed in TRAIL-null mice and contrasted to C57BL/6J wild-type mice and after NK cell adoptive transfer in RAG2/common gamma-null mice that lack T, B, and NK cells. Liver IRI was assessed by histological analysis, alanine aminotransferase, hepatic neutrophil activation by myeloperoxidase activity, and cytokine secretion at specific time points. NK cell cytotoxicity and differentiation were assessed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, TRAIL-null mice exhibited significantly higher serum transaminases, histological signs of necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and serum levels of interleukin-6 compared to wild-type animals. Adoptive transfer of TRAIL-null NK cells into immunodeficient RAG2/common gamma-null mice was associated with significantly elevated liver damage compared to transfer of wild-type NK cells. In TRAIL-null mice, NK cells exhibit higher cytotoxicity and decreased differentiation compared to wild-type mice. In vitro, cytotoxicity against YAC-1 and secretion of interferon gamma by TRAIL-null NK cells were significantly increased compared to wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS These experiments reveal that expression of TRAIL on NK cells is protective in a murine model of hepatic IRI through modulation of NK cell cytotoxicity and NK cell differentiation.
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Castellaneta A, Yoshida O, Kimura S, Yokota S, Geller DA, Murase N, Thomson AW. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived IFN-α promotes murine liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by induction of hepatocyte IRF-1. Hepatology 2014; 60:267-77. [PMID: 24493010 PMCID: PMC4077928 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) constitute the body's principal source of type I interferon (IFN) and are comparatively abundant in the liver. Among various cytokines implicated in liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, type I IFNs have been described recently as playing an essential role in its pathogenesis. Moreover, type I IFNs have been shown to up-regulate hepatocyte expression of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a key transcription factor that regulates apoptosis and induces liver damage after I/R. Our aim was to ascertain the capacity of IFN-α released by liver pDC to induce liver damage through hepatic IRF-1 up-regulation after I/R injury. Our findings show that liver pDC mature and produce IFN-α in response to liver I/R. Liver pDC isolated after I/R induced elevated levels of IRF-1 production by hepatocytes compared with liver pDC isolated from sham-operated mice. Notably, hepatic IRF-1 expression was reduced significantly by neutralizing IFN-α. In vivo, IFN-α neutralization protected the liver from I/R injury by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis. This was associated with impaired expression of IRF-1 and proapoptotic molecules such as Fas ligand, its receptor (Fas) and death receptor 5, which are regulated by IRF-1. Furthermore, pDC-depleted mice failed to up-regulate hepatic IFN-α and displayed less liver injury associated with reduced levels of hepatic interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and hepatocyte apoptosis after I/R compared with controls. CONCLUSION these data support the hypothesis that IFN-α derived from liver pDC plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver I/R injury by enhancing apoptosis as a consequence of induction of hepatocyte IRF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Castellaneta
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shoko Kimura
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shinichiro Yokota
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David A. Geller
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Noriko Murase
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemia and reperfusion injuries occur in multiple clinical settings and contribute to organ dysfunction/failures. Despite the innate inflammatory immune nature, T cells that are critically involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), include not only CD4+ T cells, but also CD8+ and γδT cells. This review focuses on questions of how putative Ag-specific T cells are involved, which include whether they function in an Ag-dependent manner; how they function, cytokine-mediated or costimulatory molecule-mediated mechanisms; and whether different T-cell subsets, Th1, Th17, regulatory T cell (Treg), are all involved and play distinctive roles? RECENT FINDINGS Specific T-cell populations, such as effector memory CD4 T cells, promote inflammatory immune activation by ischemia reperfusion independent of their adaptive properties, that is Ag-independently. They function by secreting cytokines and expressing costimulatory molecules to either promote or inhibit innate immune activation, or facilitate tissue repair/homeostasis, as exemplified by Th1, Th17 or Th2, Treg cells, respectively. SUMMARY T-cell-targeted therapies need to be refined with strategies to maximally eliminate the proinflammatory but spare the anti-inflammatory/immune regulatory properties of T cells, for future clinical application to ameliorate IRI.
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Eggenhofer E, Rovira J, Sabet-Baktach M, Groell A, Scherer MN, Dahlke MH, Farkas SA, Loss M, Koehl GE, Lang SA, Melter M, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Kroemer A. Unconventional RORγt+ T Cells Drive Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:480-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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van Golen RF, Reiniers MJ, Olthof PB, van Gulik TM, Heger M. Sterile inflammation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: present concepts and potential therapeutics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:394-400. [PMID: 23216461 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is an often unavoidable consequence of major liver surgery and is characterized by a sterile inflammatory response that jeopardizes the viability of the organ. The inflammatory response results from acute oxidative and nitrosative stress and consequent hepatocellular death during the early reperfusion phase, which causes the release of endogenous self-antigens known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs, in turn, are indirectly responsible for a second wave of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) production by driving the chemoattraction of various leukocyte subsets that exacerbate oxidative liver damage during the later stages of reperfusion. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury are outlined, with emphasis on the interplay between ROS/RNS, DAMPs, and the cell types that either produce ROS/RNS and DAMPs or respond to them. This theoretical background is subsequently used to explain why current interventions for hepatic I/R injury have not been very successful. Moreover, novel therapeutic modalities are addressed, including MitoSNO and nilotinib, and metalloporphyrins on the basis of the updated paradigm of hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F van Golen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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