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Rabehl M, Wei Z, Leineweber CG, Enssle J, Rothe M, Jung A, Schmöcker C, Elbelt U, Weylandt KH, Pietzner A. Effect of FADS1 SNPs rs174546, rs174547 and rs174550 on blood fatty acid profiles and plasma free oxylipins. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356986. [PMID: 39021601 PMCID: PMC11253720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have indicated that activity of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), is involved in cardiometabolic risk. Recent experimental data have shown that FADS1 knockdown can promote lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in liver cells. In this study, we aimed to characterize whether different FADS1 genotypes affect liver fat content, essential fatty acid content and free oxylipin mediators in the blood. Methods We analyzed the impact of FADS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs174546, rs174547, and rs174550 on blood fatty acids and free oxylipins in a cohort of 85 patients from an academic metabolic medicine outpatient center. Patients were grouped based on their genotype into the homozygous major (derived) allele group, the heterozygous allele group, and the homozygous minor (ancestral) allele group. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in the blood cell and plasma samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Free Oxylipins in plasma samples were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Liver fat content and fibrosis were evaluated using Fibroscan technology. Results Patients with the homozygous ancestral (minor) FADS1 genotype exhibited significantly lower blood levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), but no significant differences in the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There were no significant differences in liver fat content or arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators, such as thromboxane B2 (TXB2), although there was a trend toward lower levels in the homozygous ancestral genotype group. Discussion Our findings suggest that FADS1 genotypes influence the blood levels of n-6 PUFAs, while not significantly affecting the n-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA. The lack of significant differences in liver fat content and arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators suggests that the genotype-related variations in fatty acid levels may not directly translate to differences in liver fat or inflammatory lipid mediators in this cohort. However, the trend towards lower levels of certain lipid mediators in the homozygous ancestral genotype group warrants further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of different FADS1 genotypes and potential implications for cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rabehl
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Zeren Wei
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can G. Leineweber
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jörg Enssle
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | | | - Adelheid Jung
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmöcker
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ulf Elbelt
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten H. Weylandt
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Experimental Lipidology, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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Pavlova NI, Krylov AV, Bochurov AA, Alekseev VA, Kurtanov KA. High Frequency of Ancestral Haplotype A of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in the Yakut Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024. [PMID: 38860387 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2024.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to study the correlation of the body weight of Yakuts with the variability of polymorphisms rs174537, rs174546 and rs3834458 of the FADS1 - FADS2 region to identify the connection of certain genotypes with obesity. Materials and Methods: For genotyping, classical methods of PCR-RFLP analysis were used. A sample of 446 DNA samples from Yakut volunteers without chronic diseases (143 women and 303 men) was studied. Results: The predominance of the ancestral alleles of SNPs rs174537, rs174546 and rs3834458 was established in all of our studied groups. Analysis of the odds ratio of allele and genotype frequencies in patients with normal BMI, high BMI and obesity did not show statistically significant values. We did not find an association between rs174537, rs174546 and rs3834458 with obesity, but we did not take into account the diet of the subjects, which may have had a stronger effect on BMI. Analysis of pairwise linkage disequilibrium and assessment of haplotypes for 3 SNPs in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes showed strong linkage of all three SNPs to each other (r2 = 0.93-0.96). Conclusions: According to the result of genotyping of SNP rs174537, the frequency of haplotype A in the Yakut population was 0.76 and, in comparison with other world data, is quite high. Which in turn is associated with lower conversion of short-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. Accordingly, a shift in nutrition towards more plant foods can negatively impact the health of the Yakuts. At the moment, the exact dosage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for humans has not yet been established, but judging by the fact that all recommendations are mainly made on the basis of European populations, in connection with the results of the study, the Yakuts have a particularly high need for PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda I Pavlova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Yakut Scientific Center for Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Krylov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Yakut Scientific Center for Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Bochurov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Yakut Scientific Center for Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav A Alekseev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Yakut Scientific Center for Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Khariton A Kurtanov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, M K Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
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Ghooray DT, Xu M, Shi H, McClain CJ, Song M. Hepatocyte-Specific Fads1 Overexpression Attenuates Western Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4836. [PMID: 38732052 PMCID: PMC11084797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) synthesis. Reduced activity of FADS1 was observed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) mediated hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Fads1 (AAV8-Fads1) attenuates western diet-induced metabolic phenotypes in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a chow diet, or low-fat high-fructose (LFHFr) or high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFr) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were evaluated at the endpoint. AAV8-Fads1 injection restored hepatic FADS1 protein levels in both LFHFr and HFHFr-fed rats. While AAV8-Fads1 injection led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in LFHFr-fed rats, it significantly reduced plasma triglyceride (by ~50%) and hepatic cholesterol levels (by ~25%) in HFHFr-fed rats. Hepatic lipidomics analysis showed that FADS1 activity was rescued by AAV8-FADS1 in HFHFr-fed rats, as shown by the restored arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) ratio, and that was associated with reduced monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Our data suggest that the beneficial role of AAV8-Fads1 is likely mediated by the inhibition of fatty acid re-esterification. FADS1 is a promising therapeutic target for MASLD in a diet-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan T. Ghooray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Choudhuri G, Shah S, Kulkarni A, Jagtap N, Gaonkar P, Desai A, Adhav C. Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Asians: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. Cureus 2023; 15:e42852. [PMID: 37664266 PMCID: PMC10473263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a subset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which, apart from excess fat in the liver, may be characterised by some level of inflammatory infiltration and fibrogenesis, occasionally progressing to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current review is to elucidate the rising prevalence, the role of microbiome and genetics in pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and novel treatment alternatives for NASH. Newer diagnostic techniques are being developed since using liver biopsy in a larger population is not a reasonable option and is primarily restricted to clinical research, at least in developing countries. Besides these technical challenges, another important factor leading to deviation from guideline practice is the lack of health insurance coverage in countries like India. It leads to reluctance on the part of physicians and patients to delay required tests to curb out-of-pocket expenditure. There is no cure for NASH, with liver transplantation remaining the last option for those who progress to end-stage liver disease (ESLD) or are detected with early-stage HCC. Thus, lifestyle modification remains the only viable option for many, but compliance and long-term adherence remain major challenges. In obese individuals, bariatric surgery and weight reduction have shown favourable results. In patients with less severe obesity, endoscopic bariatric metabolic therapies (EBMT) are rapidly emerging as less invasive therapies. However, access and acceptability remain poor for these weight reduction methods. Therefore, intense research is being conducted for potential newer drug classes with several agents currently in phase II or III of clinical development. Some of these have demonstrated promising results, such as a reduction in hepatic fat content, and attenuation of fibrosis with an acceptable tolerability profile in phase II studies. The developments in the management of NASH have been fairly encouraging. Further well-designed long-term prospective studies should be undertaken to generate evidence with definitive results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumin Shah
- Gastroenterology, Gujarat Gastro and Vascular Hospital, Surat, IND
| | - Anand Kulkarni
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Nitin Jagtap
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, IND
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhou X, Yang C, Li Y, Chen D, Wang T, Liu T, Yan W, Su Z, Peng B, Ren X. Cordycepin reprogramming lipid metabolism to block metastasis and EMT via ERO1A/mTOR/SREBP1 axis in cholangiocarcinoma. Life Sci 2023:121698. [PMID: 37080351 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with a high malignancy is usually diagnosed as advanced and is prone to metastasis and leads to a poor prognosis. It is reported that cordycepin has anti-tumor effect. However, the molecular targets and mechanisms of cordycepin in inhibiting CCA metastasis remains unclear. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cordycepin on CCA metastasis, experiments were conducted in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that cordycepin inhibited the migration and EMT progression of HuCCT1 and QBC939 cells. Cordycepin has a strong hypolipidemic effects, therefore, we examined its effect on lipid metabolism in CCA. Cordycepin inhibits SREBP1 mediated fatty acid synthesis through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, cordycepin can reduce ERO1A expression in HuCCT1 and QBC939 cells. ERO1A plays a role in malignant tumors. ERO1A promotes migration and lipid metabolism of CCA cells through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, cordycepin significantly inhibited the tumor metastasis and the serum levels of TG and T-CHO in mice. Taken together, we demonstrate that cordycepin mediated ERO1A/mTOR/SREBP1 axis inhibits lipid metabolism and metastasis in CCA cells in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that cordycepin can be used as a novel drug for the clinical treatment of CCA and to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Tesi Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wendi Yan
- Department of Pathology of Jilin Cancer Hospital, Jilin, china
| | - Zhaoxia Su
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Bosen Peng
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Yanbian University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, China.
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Qu P, Rom O, Li K, Jia L, Gao X, Liu Z, Ding S, Zhao M, Wang H, Chen S, Xiong X, Zhao Y, Xue C, Zhao Y, Chu C, Wen B, Finney AC, Zheng Z, Cao W, Zhao J, Bai L, Zhao S, Sun D, Zeng R, Lin J, Liu W, Zheng L, Zhang J, Liu E, Chen YE. DT-109 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nonhuman primates. Cell Metab 2023; 35:742-757.e10. [PMID: 37040763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) prevalence is rising with no pharmacotherapy approved. A major hurdle in NASH drug development is the poor translatability of preclinical studies to safe/effective clinical outcomes, and recent failures highlight a need to identify new targetable pathways. Dysregulated glycine metabolism has emerged as a causative factor and therapeutic target in NASH. Here, we report that the tripeptide DT-109 (Gly-Gly-Leu) dose-dependently attenuates steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. To enhance the probability of successful translation, we developed a nonhuman primate model that histologically and transcriptionally mimics human NASH. Applying a multiomics approach combining transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics, we found that DT-109 reverses hepatic steatosis and prevents fibrosis progression in nonhuman primates, not only by stimulating fatty acid degradation and glutathione formation, as found in mice, but also by modulating microbial bile acid metabolism. Our studies describe a highly translatable NASH model and highlight the need for clinical evaluation of DT-109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linying Jia
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaojing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shusi Ding
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chengshuang Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Zuowen Zheng
- Spring Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd, Fangchenggang, Guangxi 538000, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Dong Q, Sidra S, Gieger C, Wang-Sattler R, Rathmann W, Prehn C, Adamski J, Koenig W, Peters A, Grallert H, Sharma S. Metabolic Signatures Elucidate the Effect of Body Mass Index on Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020227. [PMID: 36837846 PMCID: PMC9965667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, but the molecular mechanism that links obesity and diabetes is still not completely understood. Here, we used 146 targeted metabolomic profiles from the German KORA FF4 cohort consisting of 1715 participants and associated them with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the basic model, 83 and 51 metabolites were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and T2D, respectively. Those metabolites are branched-chain amino acids, acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, or phosphatidylcholines. In the full model, 42 and 3 metabolites were significantly associated with BMI and T2D, respectively, and replicate findings in the previous studies. Sobel mediation testing suggests that the effect of BMI on T2D might be mediated via lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM) C16:1, SM C18:1 and diacylphosphatidylcholine (PC aa) C38:3. Moreover, mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship that BMI causes the change of SM C16:1 and PC aa C38:3, and the change of SM C16:1, SM C18:1, and PC aa C38:3 contribute to T2D incident. Biological pathway analysis in combination with genetics and mice experiments indicate that downregulation of sphingolipid or upregulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism is a causal factor in early-stage T2D pathophysiology. Our findings indicate that metabolites like SM C16:1, SM C18:1, and PC aa C38:3 mediate the effect of BMI on T2D and elucidate their role in obesity related T2D pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Dong
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sidra Sidra
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (S.S.)
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10
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Shama S, Jang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shahin NN, Motawi TK, Kim S, Gawrieh S, Liu W. Phosphatidylethanolamines Are Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Adults and Induce Liver Cell Metabolic Perturbations and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021034. [PMID: 36674549 PMCID: PMC9861886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis roles of phospholipids (PLs) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of PLs in the progression of NAFLD among obese individuals via studying the alterations in serum PL composition throughout the spectrum of disease progression and evaluating the effects of specific phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) on FLD development in vitro. A total of 203 obese subjects, who were undergoing bariatric surgery, were included in this study. They were histologically classified into 80 controls (C) with normal liver histology, 93 patients with simple hepatic steatosis (SS), 16 with borderline nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (B-NASH) and 14 with progressive NASH (NASH). Serum PLs were profiled by automated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). HepG2 (hepatoma cells) and LX2 (immortalized hepatic stellate cells or HSCs) were used to explore the roles of PL in NAFLD/NASH development. Several PLs and their relative ratios were significantly associated with NAFLD progression, especially those involving PE. Incubation of HepG2 cells with two phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), PE (34:1) and PE (36:2), resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, induction of lipid accumulation and mitochondrial ROS production. Meanwhile, treatment of LX2 cells with both PEs markedly increased cell activation and migration. These effects were associated with a significant change in the expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Thus, our study demonstrated that elevated level of PEs increases susceptibility to the disease progression of obesity associated NAFLD, likely through a causal cascade of impacts on the function of different liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Shama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Cell-Based Analysis Unit, Reference Laboratory, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nancy Nabil Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
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11
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Shi H, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Song M. Different Types of Dietary Fat and Fructose Interactions Result in Distinct Metabolic Phenotypes in Male Mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109189. [PMID: 36272691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fat and fructose are the two major components over-represented in the Western diet. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of different types of dietary fat and fructose on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a murine model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet enriched with saturated fat (HSF), or omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (n6HUSF), or omega-3 polyunsaturated fat (n3HUSF) with 42% of calories derived from the fat. Fructose supplementation was given via 10% fructose (w/v) in the drinking water ad libitum for 20 weeks. While both HSF and n6HUSF fed mice developed obesity, HSF fed mice exhibited severe hepatic steatosis associated with hepatomegaly and liver injury. Fructose feeding promotes the development of liver fibrosis in HSF fed mice. n6HUSF fed mice were characterized with moderate hepatic steatosis, accompanied with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia. Notably, fructose supplementation led to remarkable glucose intolerance in n6HUSF fed mice compared to controls. Hepatic lipidomic analysis revealed that the total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased by fructose in the free fatty acid pool in HSF fed mice. Moreover, fructose supplementation increased hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels in the HSF fed mice. Our data suggest that excess energy from HSF intake results in fat storage in the liver, likely due to impaired triglyceride secretion; whereas excess energy from n6HUSF diet is stored in the periphery. Both effects are exacerbated by fructose supplementation. n3HUSF is beneficial, even consumed with fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center.
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12
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Li P, Chen Y, Song J, Yan L, Tang T, Wang R, Fan X, Zhao Y, Qi K. Maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation interacts with FADS genotypes to influence the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum among Chinese Han population: a birth cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 35871074 PMCID: PMC9308251 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturases and elongases might associate with the endogenous synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, the related epidemiological evidence is still conflicting. So we aimed to clearly evaluate the interactions between maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation and the known 26 SNPs on the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum using a Chinese birth cohort. Methods Totally, 1050 healthy mother-infant pairs were enrolled in this study at gestational 6–8 weeks when they established their pregnancy files at Fuxing Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University in Beijing from January to December 2018. Meanwhile, their venous blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction to detect the genotypes of SNPs in the Fads1, Fads2, Fads3, Elovl2 and Elovl5 using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Then the colostrum samples were collected to determine the profiles of PUFAs by gas chromatography. Results Maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation from the early and middle pregnancy could reduce the infant BMI at birth, and impact the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum, as higher n-3 PUFAs (EPA, DHA, DHA/ALA and DHA/EPA), lower n-6 PUFAs (AA and AA/LA) and ∑-6/n-3ΣPUFAs. Moreover, there were significant correlations between multiple SNPs and the profiles of n-6 PUFAs (rs76996928 for LA, rs174550, rs174553 and rs174609 for AA, rs174550 and rs76996928 for AA/LA) and n-3 PUFAs in the colostrum (rs174448, rs174537, rs174550, rs174553, rs174598, rs3168072, rs174455 and rs174464 for ALA, rs174550, rs174553 and rs174598 for EPA, rs174455 and rs174464 for DHA, rs174448 and rs3168072 for DHA/EPA) using the multiple linear regressions by adjusting the maternal age, gestational week, mode of delivery, infant sex and BMI at birth, and all these above significant SNPs had the cumulative effects on the profiles of PUFAs. Furthermore, the pairwise comparisons also showed the meaningful interactions between maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation and related genotypes of SNPs (rs76996928 for LA, rs174598 for EPA, rs174448 for DHA and DHA/EPA) on the contents of PUFAs in the colostrum. Conclusions Results from this birth cohort study proved that the pregnant women with the following SNPs such as Fads3 rs174455 T, Fads3 rs174464 A and Fads1 rs174448 G alleles should pay more attention on their exogenous DHA supplementation from the early and middle pregnancy for the blocked endogenous synthesis. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Pediatric Research Institution, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University (2016–08), which was also registered at the website of http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4673 (No: ChiCTR-OCH-14004900). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00683-3.
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13
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Borges MC, Haycock P, Zheng J, Hemani G, Howe LJ, Schmidt AF, Staley JR, Lumbers RT, Henry A, Lemaitre RN, Gaunt TR, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Hingorani AD, Lawlor DA. The impact of fatty acids biosynthesis on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Europeans and East Asians: a Mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4034-4054. [PMID: 35796550 PMCID: PMC9703943 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite early interest, the evidence linking fatty acids to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We used Mendelian randomization to explore the involvement of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids biosynthesis in the etiology of several CVD endpoints in up to 1 153 768 European (maximum 123 668 cases) and 212 453 East Asian (maximum 29 319 cases) ancestry individuals. As instruments, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to genes with well-known roles in PUFA (i.e. FADS1/2 and ELOVL2) and MUFA (i.e. SCD) biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs174576 near FADS1/2) is related to higher odds of multiple CVDs, particularly ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher MUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs603424 near SCD) is related to lower odds of coronary artery disease among Europeans. Results were unclear for East Asians as most effect estimates were imprecise. By triangulating multiple approaches (i.e. uni-/multi-variable Mendelian randomization, a phenome-wide scan, genetic colocalization and within-sibling analyses), our results are compatible with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (and possibly glucose) being a downstream effect of higher PUFA biosynthesis rate. Our findings indicate that PUFA and MUFA biosynthesis are involved in the etiology of CVDs and suggest LDL cholesterol as a potential mediating trait between PUFA biosynthesis and CVDs risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Phillip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Laurence J Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - A Floriaan Schmidt
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - James R Staley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Albert Henry
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA WA 98101, USA
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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14
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Halim NFAA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Rahman RNZRA. Membrane fatty acid desaturase: biosynthesis, mechanism, and architecture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5957-5972. [PMID: 36063178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the desaturation reactions by inserting double bonds into the fatty acyl chain, producing unsaturated fatty acids, which play a vital part in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Though soluble fatty acid desaturases have been described extensively in advanced organisms, there are very limited studies of membrane fatty acid desaturases due to their difficulties in producing a sufficient amount of recombinant desaturases. However, the advancement of technology has shown substantial progress towards the development of elucidating crystal structures of membrane fatty acid desaturase, thus, allowing modification of structure to be manipulated. Understanding the structure, mechanism, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase lay a foundation for the potential production of various strategies associated with alteration and modifications of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This manuscript presents the current state of knowledge and understanding about the structure, mechanisms, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase. In addition, the role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and diseases is also encompassed. This will be useful in understanding the molecular basis and structural protein of fatty acid desaturase that are significant for the advancement of therapeutic strategies associated with the improvement of health status. KEY POINTS: • Current state of knowledge and understanding about the biosynthesis, mechanisms, and structure of fatty acid desaturase. • The role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturase. • The molecular basis and structural protein elucidated the crystal structure of fatty acid desaturase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farah Anis Abd Halim
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Heravi G, Jang H, Wang X, Long Z, Peng Z, Kim S, Liu W. Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a cancer marker for patient survival and a potential novel target for precision cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942798. [PMID: 36046053 PMCID: PMC9423679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Desaturase-1 (FADS1) or delta 5 desaturase (D5D) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), i.e., arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA). These LC-PUFAs and their metabolites play essential and broad roles in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. However, the role of FADS1 in cancers remains incompletely understood. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we explored the role of FADS1 across different cancer types using multiple bioinformatics and statistical tools. Moreover, we studied the impact of a FADS1 inhibitor (D5D-IN-326) on proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. We identified that FADS1 gene is a predictor for cancer survival in multiple cancer types. Compared to normal tissue, the mRNA expression of FADS1 is significantly increased in primary tumors while even higher in metastatic and recurrent tumors. Mechanistically, pathway analysis demonstrated that FADS1 is associated with cholesterol biosynthesis and cell cycle control genes. Interestingly, FADS1 expression is higher when TP53 is mutated. Tumors with increased FADS1 expression also demonstrated an increased signatures of fibroblasts and macrophages infiltration among most cancer types. Our in vitro assays showed that D5D-IN-326 significantly inhibited cell proliferation of kidney, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Lastly, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are well-established expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for FADS1 in normal human tissues are also significantly correlated with FADS1 expression in tumors of multiple tissue types, potentially serving as a marker to stratify cancer patients with high/low FADS1 expression in their tumor tissue. Our study suggests that FADS1 plays multiple roles in cancer biology and is potentially a novel target for precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Heravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ze Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zheyun Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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16
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FADS1 and FADS2 Gene Polymorphisms Modulate the Relationship of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Plasma Concentrations in Gestational Weight Gain: A NISAMI Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051056. [PMID: 35268031 PMCID: PMC8912382 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphisms of fatty acid desaturase genes FADS1 and FADS2 have been associated with an increase in weight gain. We investigated FADS1 and FADS2 gene polymorphisms and the relation between ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid plasma concentrations and gestational weight gain. A prospective cohort study of 199 pregnant women was followed in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil. Plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were measured at baseline and gestational weight gain during the first, second, and third trimesters. Fatty acid recognition was carried out with the aid of gas chromatography. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using real-time PCR. Statistical analyses included Structural Equation Modelling. A direct effect of FADS1 and FADS2 gene polymorphisms on gestational weight was observed; however, only the SNP rs174575 (FADS2) showed a significant positive direct effect on weight over the course of the pregnancy (0.106; p = 0.016). In terms of the influence of SNPs on plasma levels of PUFAs, it was found that SNP rs174561 (FADS1) and SNP rs174575 (FADS2) showed direct adverse effects on plasma concentrations of ω-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid and alpha-linoleic acid), and only SNP rs174575 had positive direct effects on plasma levels of ARA and the ARA/LA (arachidonic acid/linoleic acid) ratio, ω-6 products, while the SNP rs3834458 (FADS2) had an adverse effect on plasma concentrations of EPA, leading to its increase. Pregnant women who were heterozygous and homozygous for the minor allele of the SNP rs3834458 (FADS2), on the other hand, showed larger concentrations of series ω-3 substrates, which indicates a protective factor for women’s health.
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17
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Plasma Oxylipin Profile Discriminates Ethnicities in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Exploratory Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020192. [PMID: 35208265 PMCID: PMC8875408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver pathology that includes steatosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without a clear pathophysiological mechanism, it affects Hispanics disproportionately compared to other ethnicities. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammatory lipid mediators including oxylipin (OXL) and endocannabinoid (eCB) are altered in NAFLD and thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the existence of ethnicity-related differences is not clear. We employed targeted lipidomic profiling for plasma PUFAs, non-esterified OXLs and eCBs in White Hispanics (HIS, n = 10) and Caucasians (CAU, n = 8) with biopsy-confirmed NAFL, compared with healthy control subjects (HC; n = 14 HIS; n = 8 CAU). NAFLD was associated with diminished long chain PUFA in HIS, independent of histological severity. Differences in plasma OXLs and eCBs characterized ethnicities in NASH, with lower arachidonic acid derived OXLs observed in HIS. The secondary analysis comparing ethnicities within NASH (n = 12 HIS; n = 17 CAU), confirms these ethnicity-related differences and suggests lower lipoxygenase(s) and higher soluble epoxide hydrolase(s) activities in HIS compared to CAU. While causes are not clear, these lipidomic differences might be with implications for NAFLD severity and are worth further investigation. We provide preliminary data indicating ethnicity-specific lipidomic signature characterizes NASH which requires further validation.
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18
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Kirk LM, Waits CMK, Bashore AC, Dosso B, Meyers AK, Renaldo AC, DePalma TJ, Simms KN, Hauser N, Chuang Key CC, McCall CE, Parks JS, Sergeant S, Langefeld CD, Skardal A, Rahbar E. Exploiting three-dimensional human hepatic constructs to investigate the impact of rs174537 on fatty acid metabolism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262173. [PMID: 35051193 PMCID: PMC8775235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Modern Western Diet has been associated with the rise in metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This has been attributed, in part, to the increase in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption, specifically linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and their subsequent metabolism to pro-inflammatory metabolites which may be driving human disease. Conversion of dietary LA to ARA is regulated by genetic variants near and within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) haplotype block, most notably single nucleotide polymorphism rs174537 is strongly associated with FADS1 activity and expression. This variant and others within high linkage disequilibrium may potentially explain the diversity in both diet and inflammatory mediators that drive chronic inflammatory disease in human populations. Mechanistic exploration into this phenomenon using human hepatocytes is limited by current two-dimensional culture models that poorly replicate in vivo functionality. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a three-dimensional hepatic construct for the study of human PUFA metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes cultured in 3D hydrogels were characterized for their capacity to represent basic lipid processing functions, including lipid esterification, de novo lipogenesis, and cholesterol efflux. They were then exposed to control and LA-enriched media and reproducibly displayed allele-specific metabolic activity of FADS1, based on genotype at rs174537. Hepatocytes derived from individuals homozygous with the minor allele at rs174537 (i.e., TT) displayed the slowest metabolic conversion of LA to ARA and significantly reduced FADS1 and FADS2 expression. These results support the feasibility of using 3D human hepatic cultures for the study of human PUFA and lipid metabolism and relevant gene-diet interactions, thereby enabling future nutrition targets in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Madison Kirk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Mae K. Waits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alexander C. Bashore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly Dosso
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison K. Meyers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonio C. Renaldo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kelli N. Simms
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Hauser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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19
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Tian H, Yu H, Lin Y, Li Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Liu G, Xie L. Association between FADS Gene Expression and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030457. [PMID: 35276817 PMCID: PMC8839397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in breast milk provides physiological benefits for offspring and is closely related to endogenous biosynthesis in lactating women. Few studies have addressed the association between fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene expression patterns and fatty acids in breast milk. This research aimed to explore the differences in PUFA levels among breast milk groups with different levels of FADS gene expression and provide a scientific basis for precision nutrition strategies. A total of 50 healthy women 42–45 days postpartum were included in this study. A basic information questionnaire and breast milk samples were collected. Eight types of PUFA were detected, and RNA was extracted from breast milk. The transcription level of the FADS gene was detected using real-time quantitative PCR. Significant differences in the content of gamma-linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) were found in breast milk among FADS1 gene transcription groups (p = 0.009, p = 0.042, respectively). No significant differences in PUFA were found among the FADS2 and FADS3 gene expression groups. The results demonstrated that n-6 PUFA was associated with the mRNA expression levels of the FADS1 gene. They are of great significance in developing new methods and diets to optimize infant feeding using breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Tian
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Yiqi Lin
- Jilin Women and Children Health Hospital, Changchun 130061, China;
| | - Yueting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Yiru Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.X.); (Y.C.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8561-9455
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20
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Vaittinen M, Lankinen MA, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Wheelock CE, Laakso M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. The FADS1 genotypes modify the effect of linoleic acid-enriched diet on adipose tissue inflammation via pro-inflammatory eicosanoid metabolism. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3707-3718. [PMID: 35701670 PMCID: PMC9464166 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) variants associate with fatty acid (FA) and adipose tissue (AT) metabolism and inflammation. Thus, the role of FADS1 variants in the regulation of dietary linoleic acid (LA)-induced effects on AT inflammation was investigated. METHODS Subjects homozygotes for the TT and CC genotypes of the FADS1-rs174550 (TT, n = 25 and CC, n = 28) or -rs174547 (TT, n = 42 and CC, n = 28), were either recruited from the METabolic Syndrome In Men cohort to participate in an intervention with LA-enriched diet (FADSDIET) or from the Kuopio Obesity Surgery (KOBS) study. GC and LC-MS for plasma FA proportions and eicosanoid concentrations and AT gene expression for AT inflammatory score (AT-InSc) was determined. RESULTS We observed a diet-genotype interaction between LA-enriched diet and AT-InSc in the FADSDIET. In the KOBS study, interleukin (IL)1 beta mRNA expression in AT was increased in subjects with the TT genotype and highest LA proportion. In the FADSDIET, n-6/LA proportions correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype but not with the CC genotype after LA-enriched diet. Specifically, LA- and AA-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids related to CYP450/sEH-pathways correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype, whereas in those with the CC genotype, the negative correlations between pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and AT-InSc related to COX/LOX-pathways. CONCLUSIONS LA-enriched diet increases inflammatory AT gene expression in subjects with the TT genotype, while CC genotype could play a protective role against LA-induced AT inflammation. Overall, the FADS1 variant could modify the dietary LA-induced effects on AT inflammation through the differential biosynthesis of AA-derived eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maria A. Lankinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Metelcová T, Vaňková M, Zamrazilová H, Hovhannisyan M, Staňková B, Tvrzická E, Hill M, Hainer V, Včelák J, Kunešová M. FADS1 gene polymorphism(s) and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in adolescents. Lipids 2021; 56:499-508. [PMID: 34189740 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Metelcová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, The Czech Republic.,1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tvrzická
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Včelák
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, The Czech Republic.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic
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22
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Athinarayanan S, Fan YY, Wang X, Callaway E, Cai D, Chalasani N, Chapkin RS, Liu W. Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Influences Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis by Modulating the PPARα-FGF21 Axis. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:461-477. [PMID: 33681679 PMCID: PMC7917273 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), also known as delta-5 desaturase (D5D), is one of the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the desaturation and elongation cascade of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs). Reduced function of D5D and decreased hepatic FADS1 expression, as well as low levels of LC-PUFAs, were associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the causal role of D5D in hepatic lipid homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that down-regulation of FADS1 increases susceptibility to hepatic lipid accumulation. We used in vitro and in vivo models to test this hypothesis and to delineate the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of reduced FADS1 function. Our study demonstrated that FADS1 knockdown significantly reduced cellular levels of LC-PUFAs and increased lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in HepG2 cells. The lipid accumulation was associated with significant alterations in multiple pathways involved in lipid homeostasis, especially fatty acid oxidation. These effects were demonstrated to be mediated by the reduced function of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis, which can be reversed by treatment with docosahexaenoic acid, PPARα agonist, or FGF21. In vivo, FADS1-knockout mice fed with high-fat diet developed increased hepatic steatosis as compared with their wild-type littermates. Molecular analyses of the mouse liver tissue largely corroborated the observations in vitro, especially along with reduced protein expression of PPARα and FGF21. Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that dysregulation in FADS1 alters liver lipid homeostasis in the liver by down-regulating the PPARα-FGF21 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaminie Athinarayanan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Defeng Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA.,Texas A&M Center for Environmental Health ResearchTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA.,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA.,Department of PharmacologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
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23
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Ramai D, Tai W, Rivera M, Facciorusso A, Tartaglia N, Pacilli M, Ambrosi A, Cotsoglou C, Sacco R. Natural Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020184. [PMID: 33673113 PMCID: PMC7918599 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its global incidence is increasing which makes NASH an epidemic and a public health threat. Due to repeated insults to the liver, patients are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of NASH to HCC was initially defined according to a two-hit model which involved the development of steatosis, followed by lipid peroxidation and inflammation. However, current research defines a “multi-hit” or “multi-parallel hit” model which synthesizes several contributing pathways involved in progressive fibrosis and oncogenesis. This perspective considers the effects of cellular, genetic, immunologic, metabolic, and endocrine pathways leading up to HCC which underscores the complexity of this condition. This article will provide an updated review of the pathogenic mechanisms leading from NASH to HCC as well as an exploration of the role of biomarkers and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Ramai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (D.R.); (W.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Waqqas Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (D.R.); (W.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Michelle Rivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (D.R.); (W.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Mario Pacilli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Christian Cotsoglou
- General Surgey Unit, Department of Surgery, ASST-Vimercate, 20871 Vimercate, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Choudhary NS, Duseja A. Genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:2. [PMID: 33409397 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences and difference in the severity and progression of liver disease among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) suggests the involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors in their pathogenesis. This article reviews the genetic and epigenetic modifiers in patients with NAFLD and ALD. Evidence regarding the genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers of NAFLD and ALD was reviewed by searching the available literature. Both genome wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies pertaining to the pathogenesis in both diseases were included. Clinical implications of the available information are also discussed. Several studies have shown association of both NAFLD and ALD with I148M PNPLA3 variant. In addition to the higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis, the I148M PNPLA3 variant is also associated with severity of liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TM6SF2 is the other genetic variant shown to be significantly associated with hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD and ALD. The Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) genetic variant is also associated with both NAFLD and ALD. In addition to these mutations, several variants related to the genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, fibrosis have also been shown to be the disease modifiers in patients with NAFLD and ALD. Epigenetics involving several micro RNAs and DNA methylation could also modify the disease course in NAFLD and ALD. In conclusion the available literature suggests that genetics and epigenetics are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and ALD which may affect the disease prevalence, severity and response to treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Choudhary
- Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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25
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Rom O, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wu J, Ghrayeb A, Villacorta L, Fan Y, Chang L, Wang L, Liu C, Yang D, Song J, Rech JC, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao G, Liang W, Koike Y, Lu H, Koike T, Hayek T, Pennathur S, Xi C, Wen B, Sun D, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen YE. Glycine-based treatment ameliorates NAFLD by modulating fatty acid oxidation, glutathione synthesis, and the gut microbiome. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz2841. [PMID: 33268508 PMCID: PMC7982985 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has reached epidemic proportions with no pharmacological therapy approved. Lower circulating glycine is consistently reported in patients with NAFLD, but the causes for reduced glycine, its role as a causative factor, and its therapeutic potential remain unclear. We performed transcriptomics in livers from humans and mice with NAFLD and found suppression of glycine biosynthetic genes, primarily alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGXT1). Genetic (Agxt1 -/- mice) and dietary approaches to limit glycine availability resulted in exacerbated diet-induced hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis, with suppressed mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and enhanced inflammation as the underlying pathways. We explored glycine-based compounds with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties as potential therapies for NAFLD and identified a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-L-Leu, DT-109) that improved body composition and lowered circulating glucose, lipids, transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, and steatohepatitis in mice with established NASH induced by a high-fat, cholesterol, and fructose diet. We applied metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanisms. The bacterial genus Clostridium sensu stricto was markedly increased in mice with NASH and decreased after DT-109 treatment. DT-109 induced hepatic FAO pathways, lowered lipotoxicity, and stimulated de novo glutathione synthesis. In turn, inflammatory infiltration and hepatic fibrosis were attenuated via suppression of NF-κB target genes and TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Unlike its effects on the gut microbiome, DT-109 stimulated FAO and glutathione synthesis independent of NASH. In conclusion, impaired glycine metabolism may play a causative role in NAFLD. Glycine-based treatment attenuates experimental NAFLD by stimulating hepatic FAO and glutathione synthesis, thus warranting clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason C Rech
- Michigan Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Jiao F, Sun H, Yang Q, Sun H, Wang Z, Liu M, Chen J. Identification of FADS1 Through Common Gene Expression Profiles for Predicting Survival in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8325-8339. [PMID: 32982427 PMCID: PMC7489952 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aim of this study was to identify biomarkers between different grades of bladder cancer (BLCA) and its prognostic value. Methods mRNA expression data from GSE32549 and GSE71576 were extracted for further analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R web tool. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted to explore the function and relationship of DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for external validation and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis was used to further identify FADS1 pathways. Bladder cancer cells and patient specimens were used to further demonstrate the function of FADS1. Results Datasets from GEO identified a panel of DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that DEGs were associated with nuclear division, spindle, cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. External validation from TCGA demonstrated that FADS1 was an independent prognostic marker in BLCA patients. In cell lines and tumor specimen analysis, FADS1 was overexpressed in the tumor specimen, compared with adjacent tissues, and positively correlated with tumor grade of BLCA. Moreover, FADS1 could enhance the proliferation ability and influence cell cycle of bladder cancer cells. Conclusion FADS1 was an independent prognostic biomarker for BLCA and could confer the bladder cancer cells increased proliferation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Jiao
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingya Yang
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zeng J, Liu XL, Xin FZ, Zhao ZH, Shao YL, Yang RX, Pan Q, Fan JG. Effects and therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang on steatohepatitis in rats induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:179-188. [PMID: 31950587 PMCID: PMC7187410 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang (YZH) liquid, a traditional Chinese medicine mainly composed of extracts of four components, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) in rats. METHODS Altogether 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: control, the model group (HFHCD + saline) and the treatment group (HFHCD + YZH). Liver histological features and serum biochemical parameters were assessed by the end of the 16th week. RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry detection were performed. The genes and proteins expressed differentially were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and included in a network-based regulatory model. RESULTS The weight, liver and fat indices and serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total cholesterol levels of the HFHCD + YZH group were all significantly lower than those of the HFHCD + saline group. Moreover, their hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation were relieved, and 64 hepatic genes and 73 hepatic proteins were found to be reversed in their expression patterns after YZH treatment (P < 0.05). The network-based regulatory model showed that these deregulated genes and proteins were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, Toll-like receptor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, nuclear factor-kappa B tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION YZH could alleviate NASH in HFHCD-fed rats by inhibiting lipogenesis, accelerating lipid β-oxidation, alleviating oxidative stress and relieving necroinflammation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Lin Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Feng Zhi Xin
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ze Hua Zhao
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - You Lin Shao
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Xu Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and NutritionShanghaiChina
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28
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Czumaj A, Śledziński T. Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E356. [PMID: 32013225 PMCID: PMC7071289 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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29
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Desterke C, Chiappini F. Lipid Related Genes Altered in NASH Connect Inflammation in Liver Pathogenesis Progression to HCC: A Canonical Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225594. [PMID: 31717414 PMCID: PMC6888337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is becoming a public health problem worldwide. While the number of research studies on NASH progression rises every year, sometime their findings are controversial. To identify the most important and commonly described findings related to NASH progression, we used an original bioinformatics, integrative, text-mining approach that combines PubMed database querying and available gene expression omnibus dataset. We have identified a signature of 25 genes that are commonly found to be dysregulated during steatosis progression to NASH and cancer. These genes are implicated in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cancer. They are functionally connected, forming the basis necessary for steatosis progression to NASH and further progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also show that five of the identified genes have genome alterations present in HCC patients. The patients with these genes associated to genome alteration are associated with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, using an integrative literature- and data-mining approach, we have identified and described a canonical pathway underlying progression of NASH. Other parameters (e.g., polymorphisms) can be added to this pathway that also contribute to the progression of the disease to cancer. This work improved our understanding of the molecular basis of NASH progression and will help to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Chiappini
- Laboratoire Croissance, Régénération, Réparation et Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET)/ EAC CNRS 7149, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-45177080; Fax: +33-(0)1-45171816
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30
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Carvalho GQ, Pereira-Santos M, Marcon LD, Louro ID, Peluzio MCG, Santos DB. Maternal polymorphisms in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes modify the association between PUFA ingestion and plasma concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:38-46. [PMID: 31568926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies about polymorphisms in FADS genes in pregnant women. We aimed to verify the interaction between three FADS gene polymorphisms (rs174561; rs174575; rs3834458) and dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) or linoleic/α-linolenic acid ratio (LA/ALA) and plasma concentrations of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs in pregnant women. Of the 250 women evaluated, the homozygous for the rs174561 and rs3834458 minor allele had high plasma ALA concentrations at the highest ALA and LA/ALA ratio tertile (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA were not influenced by diet. For the rs174575 SNP, pregnant women who carried the minor allele presented lower proportions of plasma EPA in the second LA/ALA ratio tertile (p < 0.05). Increased dietary intake of ALA and LA/ALA ratio promoted plasma ALA accumulation in homozygotes for the minor allele rs174561 and rs3834458. Moderate intake of LA/ALA ratio may reduce plasma concentration of EPA in pregnants carrying the rs174575 minor allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Av. Dr. Raimundo Monteiro Rezende, 330 - Centro, CEP: 35.010-177, Governador Valadares, MG - Brazil.
| | - M Pereira-Santos
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Institute of Public Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - L D Marcon
- Nutrition and Health Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - I D Louro
- Center of Human and Molecular Genetics, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - M C G Peluzio
- Nutrition and Health Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - D B Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of the human endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13494. [PMID: 31530865 PMCID: PMC6749057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies suggesting increased susceptibility to HIV during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Our goal was to analyze transcriptomes of the endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases using RNA sequencing to explore potential molecular signatures of susceptibility to HIV. We identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle in the endocervix (adjusted p < 0.05). The biofunctions and pathways analysis of DEGs revealed that cellular assembly and epithelial barrier function in the proliferative phase and inflammatory response/cellular movement in the secretory phase were among the top biofunctions and pathways. The gene set enrichment analysis of ranked DEGs (score = log fold change/p value) in the endocervix and ectocervix revealed that (i) unstimulated/not activated immune cells gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase and negatively correlated with the secretory phase in both tissues, (ii) IFNγ and IFNα response gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase in the ectocervix, (iii) HIV restrictive Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway negatively correlated with the secretory phase in the endocervix. Our data show menstrual cycle phase-associated changes in both endocervix and ectocervix, which may modulate susceptibility to HIV.
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Juan J, Huang H, Jiang X, Ardisson Korat AV, Song M, Sun Q, Willett WC, Jensen MK, Kraft P. Joint effects of fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on circulating fatty acid proportions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 107:826-833. [PMID: 29722844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of multiple diseases. Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake are both established determinants of circulating PUFA proportions. Objective We explored the joint effects of FADS1 polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake on circulating PUFA proportions. Design We studied 2288 participants from a nested case-control study of coronary artery disease among participants who provided blood samples in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Dietary PUFA intake was obtained from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. FADS1 rs174546 was genotyped by using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, and circulating PUFA proportions were measured with gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between rs174546 and circulating proportions of each fatty acid. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary intake of each PUFA by rs174546 genotype in the linear regression models. Results After adjustment for sex and ancestry, each copy of the C allele of rs174546 was associated with higher circulating proportions of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower proportions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The magnitude of positive association between higher consumption of dietary EPA or DHA and circulating proportions of EPA increased with each copy of the rs174546_T allele (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). Each 1-SD increment in EPA intake was associated with an average 3.7% increase in circulating EPA proportions among participants with the rs174546_CC genotype and an average 7.8% increase among participants with the TT genotype. Conclusions Carriers of the T allele at FADS1 rs174546 may need higher doses of dietary EPA and DHA to achieve the same circulating proportions of EPA as carriers of the C allele. The implications of these findings on disease risk and dietary guidelines require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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James WPT, Johnson RJ, Speakman JR, Wallace DC, Frühbeck G, Iversen PO, Stover PJ. Nutrition and its role in human evolution. J Intern Med 2019; 285:533-549. [PMID: 30772945 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of human evolution has improved rapidly over recent decades, facilitated by large-scale cataloguing of genomic variability amongst both modern and archaic humans. It seems clear that the evolution of the ancestors of chimpanzees and hominins separated 7-9 million years ago with some migration out of Africa by the earlier hominins; Homo sapiens slowly emerged as climate change resulted in drier, less forested African conditions. The African populations expanded and evolved in many different conditions with slow mutation and selection rates in the human genome, but with much more rapid mutation occurring in mitochondrial DNA. We now have evidence stretching back 300 000 years of humans in their current form, but there are clearly four very different large African language groups that correlate with population DNA differences. Then, about 50 000-100 000 years ago a small subset of modern humans also migrated out of Africa resulting in a persistent signature of more limited genetic diversity amongst non-African populations. Hybridization with archaic hominins occurred around this time such that all non-African modern humans possess some Neanderthal ancestry and Melanesian populations additionally possess some Denisovan ancestry. Human populations both within and outside Africa also adapted to diverse aspects of their local environment including altitude, climate, UV exposure, diet and pathogens, in some cases leaving clear signatures of patterns of genetic variation. Notable examples include haemoglobin changes conferring resistance to malaria, other immune changes and the skin adaptations favouring the synthesis of vitamin D. As humans migrated across Eurasia, further major mitochondrial changes occurred with some interbreeding with ancient hominins and the development of alcohol intolerance. More recently, an ability to retain lactase persistence into adulthood has evolved rapidly under the environmental stimulus of pastoralism with the ability to husband lactating ruminants. Increased amylase copy numbers seem to relate to the availability of starchy foods, whereas the capacity to desaturase and elongate monounsaturated fatty acids in different societies seems to be influenced by whether there is a lack of supply of readily available dietary sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The process of human evolution includes genetic drift and adaptation to local environments, in part through changes in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. These genetic changes may underlie susceptibilities to some modern human pathologies including folate-responsive neural tube defects, diabetes, other age-related pathologies and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P T James
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J R Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D C Wallace
- Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Frühbeck
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P O Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P J Stover
- Vice Chancellor and Dean for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, USA
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Integrative omics analysis identifies macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathways underlying human hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2019; 2:16-24. [PMID: 32953199 PMCID: PMC7500331 DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis underlying liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. We conducted a study to identify genetic alleles and underlying pathways associated with hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis at the genome-wide level in 121 human livers. By accepting a liberal significance level of P<1e-4, we identified 73 and 71 candidate loci respectively affecting the variability in alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels (fibrogenesis) and total collagen content (fibrosis). The top genetic loci associated with the two markers were BAZA1 and NOL10 for α-SMA expression and FAM46A for total collagen content (P<1e-6). We further investigated the relationship between the candidate loci and the nearby gene transcription levels (cis-expression quantitative trait loci) in the same liver samples. We found that 44 candidate loci for α-SMA expression and 44 for total collagen content were also associated with the transcription of the nearby genes (P<0.05). Pathway analyses of these genes indicated that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) related pathway is significantly associated with fibrogenesis and fibrosis, though different genes were enriched for each marker. The association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms, MIF and α-SMA showed that decreased MIF expression is correlated with increased α-SMA expression, suggesting that variations in MIF locus might affect the susceptibility of fibrogenesis through controlling MIF gene expression. In summary, our study identified candidate alleles and pathways underlying both fibrogenesis and fibrosis in human livers. Our bioinformatics analyses suggested MIF pathway as a strong candidate involved in liver fibrosis, thus further investigation for the role of the MIF pathway in liver fibrosis is warranted. The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Wayne State University (approval No. 201842) on May 17, 2018.
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35
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Brouwers MCGJ, Simons N, Stehouwer CDA, Koek GH, Schaper NC, Isaacs A. Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Susceptibility Genes and Coronary Artery Disease. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:587-596. [PMID: 30976747 PMCID: PMC6442707 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether NAFLD is causally involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. For this, previously reported NAFLD susceptibility genes were clustered and tested for an association with CAD in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome‐Wide Replication and Meta‐Analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) Consortium data set. The role of plasma lipids as a potential mediator was explored by using data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. Statistical analyses revealed that the combination of 12 NAFLD genes was not associated with CAD in 60,801 CAD cases and 123,504 controls (odds ratio [OR] per NAFLD risk allele, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99‐1.00). In a subsequent sensitivity analysis, a positive relationship was observed after exclusion of gene variants that are implicated in NAFLD through impaired very low‐density lipoprotein secretion (i.e., microsomal triglyceride transfer protein [MTTP], patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 [PNPLA3], phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase [PEMT], and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 [TM6SF2]) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.02). Clustering of the excluded genes showed a significant negative relationship with CAD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99). A substantial proportion of the observed heterogeneity between the individual NAFLD genes in relation to CAD could be explained by plasma lipids, as reflected by a strong relationship between plasma lipids and CAD risk conferred by the NAFLD susceptibility genes (r = 0.76; P = 0.004 for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Conclusion: NAFLD susceptibility genes do not cause CAD per se. The relationship between these genes and CAD appears to depend to a large extent on plasma lipids. These observations strongly suggest taking plasma lipids into account when designing a new drug to target NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Germany
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Maastricht Center for Systems Biology Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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36
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Kovalic AJ, Banerjee P, Tran QT, Singal AK, Satapathy SK. Genetic and Epigenetic Culprits in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:390-402. [PMID: 30564000 PMCID: PMC6286466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) constitutes a wide spectrum of liver pathology with hepatic steatosis at the core of this pathogenesis. Variations of certain genetic components have demonstrated increased susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Therefore, these inciting variants must be further characterized in order to ultimately provide effective, targeted therapies for NAFLD and will be the focus of this review. Several genetic variants revealed an association with NAFLD through Genome-wide Association Study, meta-analyses, and retrospective case-control studies. PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 are the two genetic variants providing the strongest evidence for association with NAFLD. However, it remains to be determined if these genetic variants serve as the primary culprit which induces the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Prospective and intervention studies are urgently needed to firmly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the presence of certain genetic variants and risk of NAFLD development and progression.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ACC2, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2
- ACLY, ATP Citrate Lyase
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CK-18, Cytokeratin 18
- CT, Computed Tomography
- FASN, Fatty Acid Synthase
- GWAS, Genome-wide Association Study
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- LT, Liver Transplantation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
- SCD1, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- US, Ultrasonography
- epigenetics
- genetic polymorphisms
- genetic variants
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kovalic
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quynh T. Tran
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
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37
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Lankinen M, Uusitupa M, Schwab U. Genes and Dietary Fatty Acids in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111785. [PMID: 30453550 PMCID: PMC6265745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids and cell membranes of certain tissues are modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Furthermore, many other factors (age, sex, ethnicity, health status, genes, and gene × diet interactions) affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes or plasma lipid compartments. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the complexity of mechanisms that may modify fatty acid compositions of plasma or tissues. We carried out an extensive literature survey of gene × diet interaction in the regulation of fatty acid compositions. Most of the related studies have been observational studies, but there are also a few intervention trials that tend to confirm that true interactions exist. Most of the studies deal with the desaturase enzyme cluster (FADS1, FADS2) in chromosome 11 and elongase enzymes. We expect that new genetic variants are being found that are linked with the genetic regulation of plasma or tissue fatty acid composition. This information is of great help to understanding the contribution of dietary fatty acids and their endogenic metabolism to the development of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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38
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In a pilot study, reduced fatty acid desaturase 1 function was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and response to treatment in children. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:696-703. [PMID: 30120404 PMCID: PMC6726123 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FADS1 gene encodes delta 5 desaturase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Minor alleles of FADS1 locus polymorphisms are associated with reduced FADS1 expression and intra-hepatic fat accumulation. However, the relationship between FADS1 expression and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk remains to be explored. METHODS We analyzed FADS1 transcription levels and their association with intra-hepatic fat and histology in children, and we performed pathway enrichment analysis on transcriptomic profiles associated with FADS1 polymorphisms. We also evaluated the weight of FADS1 alleles on the response to combined docosahexaenoic acid, choline, and vitamin E (DHA-CHO-VE) treatment. RESULTS FADS1 mRNA level was significantly and inversely associated with intra-hepatic fat (p = 0.004), degree of steatosis (p = 0.03), fibrosis (p = 0.05), and NASH (p = 0.008) among pediatric livers. Transcriptomics demonstrated a significant enrichment of a number of pathways strongly related to NAFLD (e.g., liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cell activation). Compared to children who are common allele homozygotes, children with FADS1 minor alleles had a greater reduction in steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score after DHA-CHO-VE. CONCLUSION This study suggests that decreased FADS1 expression may be associated with NAFLD in children but an increased response to DHA-CHO-VE.
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39
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Identification of a functional FADS1 3′UTR variant associated with erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1280-1289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R. Bioactive Lipid Species and Metabolic Pathways in Progression and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:282-302.e8. [PMID: 29906416 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide, yet there are no effective treatments. A decade has passed since the initial lipidomics analyses of liver tissues from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have learned that liver cells from patients with NASH have an abnormal lipid composition and that the accumulation of lipids leads to organelle dysfunction, cell injury and death, and chronic inflammation, called lipotoxicity. We review the lipid species and metabolic pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH and potential therapeutic targets, including enzymes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, bioactive sphingolipids and polyunsaturated-derived eicosanoids, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. We discuss the concept that NASH is a disease that can resolve and the roles of lipid molecules in the resolution of inflammation and regression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Reynolds LM, Howard TD, Ruczinski I, Kanchan K, Seeds MC, Mathias RA, Chilton FH. Tissue-specific impact of FADS cluster variants on FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194610. [PMID: 29590160 PMCID: PMC5874031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) long (≥ 20 carbon) chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play a critical role in human health and disease. Biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from dietary 18 carbon PUFAs in tissues such as the liver is highly associated with genetic variation within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster, containing FADS1 and FADS2 that encode the rate-limiting desaturation enzymes in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FADS genetic variants affect LC-PUFA biosynthesis, and in which tissues, are unclear. The current study examined associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FADS gene cluster and FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression in 44 different human tissues (sample sizes ranging 70-361) from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project. FADS1 and FADS2 expression were detected in all 44 tissues. Significant cis-eQTLs (within 1 megabase of each gene, False Discovery Rate, FDR<0.05, as defined by GTEx) were identified in 12 tissues for FADS1 gene expression and 23 tissues for FADS2 gene expression. Six tissues had significant (FDR< 0.05) eQTLs associated with both FADS1 and FADS2 (including artery, esophagus, heart, muscle, nerve, and thyroid). Interestingly, the identified eQTLs were consistently found to be associated in opposite directions for FADS1 and FADS2 expression. Taken together, findings from this study suggest common SNPs within the FADS gene cluster impact the transcription of FADS1 and FADS2 in numerous tissues and raise important questions about how the inverse expression of these two genes impact intermediate molecular (such a LC-PUFA and LC-PUFA-containing glycerolipid levels) and ultimately clinical phenotypes associated with inflammatory diseases and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kanika Kanchan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Seeds
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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42
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Scorletti E, Byrne CD. Omega-3 fatty acids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence of efficacy and mechanism of action. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:135-146. [PMID: 29544992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For many years it has been known that high doses of long chain omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial in the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia. Over the last three decades, there has also been a wealth of in vitro and in vivo data that has accumulated to suggest that long chain omega-3 fatty acid treatment might be beneficial to decrease liver triacylglycerol. Several biological mechanisms have been identified that support this hypothesis; notably, it has been shown that long chain omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect: a) on bioactive metabolites involved in inflammatory pathways, and b) on alteration of nuclear transcription factor activities such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), involved in inflammatory pathways and liver lipid metabolism. Since the pathogenesis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with the accumulation of liver lipid and progresses with inflammation and then several years later with development of fibrosis; it has been thought in patients with NAFLD omega-3 fatty acid treatment would be beneficial in treating liver lipid and possibly also in ameliorating inflammation. Meta-analyses (of predominantly dietary studies and small trials) have tended to support the assertion that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial in decreasing liver lipid, but recent randomised controlled trials have produced conflicting data. These trials have suggested that omega-3 fatty acid might be beneficial in decreasing liver triglyceride (docosahexanoic acid also possibly being more effective than eicosapentanoic acid) but not in decreasing other features of steatohepatitis (or liver fibrosis). The purpose of this review is to discuss recent evidence regarding biological mechanisms by which long chain omega-3 fatty acids might act to ameliorate liver disease in NAFLD; to consider the recent evidence from randomised trials in both adults and children with NAFLD; and finally to discuss key 'known unknowns' that need to be considered, before planning future studies that are focussed on testing the effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scorletti
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Kim KH, Lee MS. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hormone-Based Therapeutic Approaches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:485. [PMID: 30197624 PMCID: PMC6117414 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem and a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, is a predisposing factor for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NASH emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Although therapeutic drugs against NASH are not yet available, fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of NASH have been made during the past few decades. Multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed and are currently being explored in clinical trials or preclinical testing. The pathogenesis of NASH involves multiple intracellular/extracellular events in various cell types in the liver or crosstalk events between the liver and other organs. Here, we review current findings and knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of NASH, focusing on the most recent advances. We also highlight hormone-based therapeutic approaches for treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kook Hwan Kim ;
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Myung-Shik Lee
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Stawarska A, Białek A, Tokarz A. The type of dietary fat and dietary energy restriction affects the activity of the desaturases in the liver microsomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:62-66. [PMID: 29413362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of different dietary oils and the dietary energy restriction on the activity of enzymes participating in the process of arachidonic acid synthesis and on fatty acid profile in serum. It was also evaluated how diet modification affects the weight of animals and weight of the specific organs: liver, kidney and spleen. Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups according to the diet fed (control, sunflower oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil and a group of dietary energy restriction - DER group). The enzyme activities were established indirectly in liver microsomes. To this aim the method of high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection was used. In addition, the indices of ∆6-desaturase (D6D) and ∆5-desaturase (D5D) were determined. Significant differences in the concentrations of fatty acids and enzyme activity were observed. The results concerning desaturases show the negative correlation between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and enzymes activity. The highest D6D activity was observed in microsomes obtained from sunflower oil fed rats and the lowest D6D activity was in the DER group. D5D index did not differ much depending on the diet. Among groups supplemented with oils the higher mean values of the weight of liver were observed in the group supplemented with rapeseed oil. Consumption of diets supplemented with edible oils of different fatty acid profile influence both serum fatty acid composition and the activity of ∆6- and Δ5-desaturase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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45
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Gromovsky AD, Schugar RC, Brown AL, Helsley RN, Burrows AC, Ferguson D, Zhang R, Sansbury BE, Lee RG, Morton RE, Allende DS, Parks JS, Spite M, Brown JM. Δ-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase FADS1 Impacts Metabolic Disease by Balancing Proinflammatory and Proresolving Lipid Mediators. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:218-231. [PMID: 29074585 PMCID: PMC5746431 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human genetic variants near the FADS (fatty acid desaturase) gene cluster (FADS1-2-3) are strongly associated with cardiometabolic traits including dyslipidemia, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. However, mechanisms underlying these genetic associations are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we specifically investigated the physiological role of the Δ-5 desaturase FADS1 in regulating diet-induced cardiometabolic phenotypes by treating hyperlipidemic LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor)-null mice with antisense oligonucleotides targeting the selective knockdown of Fads1. Fads1 knockdown resulted in striking reorganization of both ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and their associated proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators in a highly diet-specific manner. Loss of Fads1 activity promoted hepatic inflammation and atherosclerosis, yet was associated with suppression of hepatic lipogenesis. Fads1 knockdown in isolated macrophages promoted classic M1 activation, whereas suppressing alternative M2 activation programs, and also altered systemic and tissue inflammatory responses in vivo. Finally, the ability of Fads1 to reciprocally regulate lipogenesis and inflammation may rely in part on its role as an effector of liver X receptor signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results position Fads1 as an underappreciated regulator of inflammation initiation and resolution, and suggest that endogenously synthesized arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are key determinates of inflammatory disease progression and liver X receptor signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dyslipidemias/enzymology
- Dyslipidemias/genetics
- Dyslipidemias/pathology
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/metabolism
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/metabolism
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lipogenesis
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Gromovsky
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Rebecca C Schugar
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Amanda L Brown
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Robert N Helsley
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Amy C Burrows
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Renliang Zhang
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Richard G Lee
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Richard E Morton
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Daniela S Allende
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - John S Parks
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Matthew Spite
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - J Mark Brown
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (A.D.G., R.C.S., A.L.B., R.N.H., A.C.B., D.F., R.Z., R.E.M., J.M.B.) and Department of Anatomical Pathology (D.S.A.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M.S.); Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (R.G.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.).
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46
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Morrow NM, Huff MW. Knockdown of Δ-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase Is More Than Just a Fad. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:6-8. [PMID: 29282245 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- From the Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- From the Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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47
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Buckley MT, Racimo F, Allentoft ME, Jensen MK, Jonsson A, Huang H, Hormozdiari F, Sikora M, Marnetto D, Eskin E, Jørgensen ME, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Kraft P, Willerslev E, Nielsen R. Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1307-1318. [PMID: 28333262 PMCID: PMC5435082 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FADS genes encode fatty acid desaturases that are important for the conversion of short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to long chain fatty acids. Prior studies indicate that the FADS genes have been subjected to strong positive selection in Africa, South Asia, Greenland, and Europe. By comparing FADS sequencing data from present-day and Bronze Age (5-3k years ago) Europeans, we identify possible targets of selection in the European population, which suggest that selection has targeted different alleles in the FADS genes in Europe than it has in South Asia or Greenland. The alleles showing the strongest changes in allele frequency since the Bronze Age show associations with expression changes and multiple lipid-related phenotypes. Furthermore, the selected alleles are associated with a decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids among Europeans; this is an opposite effect of that observed for selected alleles in Inuit from Greenland. We show that multiple SNPs in the region affect expression levels and PUFA synthesis. Additionally, we find evidence for a gene-environment interaction influencing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels between alleles affecting PUFA synthesis and PUFA dietary intake: carriers of the derived allele display lower LDL cholesterol levels with a higher intake of PUFAs. We hypothesize that the selective patterns observed in Europeans were driven by a change in dietary composition of fatty acids following the transition to agriculture, resulting in a lower intake of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but a higher intake of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Buckley
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health & Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Farhad Hormozdiari
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikora
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Davide Marnetto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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48
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Chiappini F, Coilly A, Kadar H, Gual P, Tran A, Desterke C, Samuel D, Duclos-Vallée JC, Touboul D, Bertrand-Michel J, Brunelle A, Guettier C, Le Naour F. Metabolism dysregulation induces a specific lipid signature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46658. [PMID: 28436449 PMCID: PMC5402394 DOI: 10.1038/srep46658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a condition which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Markers for NASH diagnosis are still lacking. We performed a comprehensive lipidomic analysis on human liver biopsies including normal liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver and NASH. Random forests-based machine learning approach allowed characterizing a signature of 32 lipids discriminating NASH with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we validated this signature in an independent group of NASH patients. Then, metabolism dysregulations were investigated in both patients and murine models. Alterations of elongase and desaturase activities were observed along the fatty acid synthesis pathway. The decreased activity of the desaturase FADS1 appeared as a bottleneck, leading upstream to an accumulation of fatty acids and downstream to a deficiency of long-chain fatty acids resulting to impaired phospholipid synthesis. In NASH, mass spectrometry imaging on tissue section revealed the spreading into the hepatic parenchyma of selectively accumulated fatty acids. Such lipids constituted a highly toxic mixture to human hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study characterized a specific and sensitive lipid signature of NASH and positioned FADS1 as a significant player in accumulating toxic lipids during NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Chiappini
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Audrey Coilly
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Hanane Kadar
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Inserm, Unité 1065, Nice, F-06204, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, F-06204, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice Cedex 3, F-06202, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Inserm, Unité 1065, Nice, F-06204, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, F-06204, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice Cedex 3, F-06202, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Alain Brunelle
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - François Le Naour
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
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49
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Depletion of TM6SF2 disturbs membrane lipid composition and dynamics in HuH7 hepatoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:676-685. [PMID: 28434889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A polymorphism of TM6SF2 associates with hepatic lipid accumulation and reduction of triacylglycerol (TAG) secretion, but the function of the encoded protein has remained enigmatic. We studied the effect of stable TM6SF2 knock-down on the lipid content and composition, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and organelle structure of HuH7 hepatoma cells. Knock-down of TM6SF2 resulted in intracellular accumulation of TAGs, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine. In all of these lipid classes, polyunsaturated lipid species were significantly reduced while saturated and monounsaturated species increased their proportions. The PCs encountered relative and absolute arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) depletion, and AA was also reduced in the total cellular fatty acid pool. Synthesis and turnover of the hepatocellular glycerolipids was enhanced. The TM6SF2 knock-down cells secreted lipoprotein-like particles with a smaller diameter than in the controls, and more lysosome/endosome structures appeared in the knock-down cells. The mitochondrial capacity for palmitate oxidation was significantly reduced. These observations provide novel clues to TM6SF2 function and raise altered mebrane lipid composition and dynamics among the mechanism(s) by which the protein deficiency disturbs hepatic TAG secretion.
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50
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Pan G, Ameur A, Enroth S, Bysani M, Nord H, Cavalli M, Essand M, Gyllensten U, Wadelius C. PATZ1 down-regulates FADS1 by binding to rs174557 and is opposed by SP1/SREBP1c. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2408-2422. [PMID: 27932482 PMCID: PMC5389558 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The FADS1 and FADS2 genes in the FADS cluster encode the rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Genetic variation in this region has been associated with a large number of diseases and traits many of them correlated to differences in metabolism of PUFAs. However, the causative variants leading to these associations have not been identified. Here we find that the multiallelic rs174557 located in an AluYe5 element in intron 1 of FADS1 is functional and lies within a PATZ1 binding site. The derived allele of rs174557, which is the common variant in most populations, diminishes binding of PATZ1, a transcription factor conferring allele-specific downregulation of FADS1. The PATZ1 binding site overlaps with a SP1 site. The competitive binding between the suppressive PATZ1 and the activating complex of SP1 and SREBP1c determines the enhancer activity of this region, which regulates expression of FADS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Madhusudhan Bysani
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Helena Nord
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
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