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Basu J, Nagel K. Neural circuits for goal-directed navigation across species. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00177-2. [PMID: 39393938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Across species, navigation is crucial for finding both resources and shelter. In vertebrates, the hippocampus supports memory-guided goal-directed navigation, whereas in arthropods the central complex supports similar functions. A growing literature is revealing similarities and differences in the organization and function of these brain regions. We review current knowledge about how each structure supports goal-directed navigation by building internal representations of the position or orientation of an animal in space, and of the location or direction of potential goals. We describe input pathways to each structure - medial and lateral entorhinal cortex in vertebrates, and columnar and tangential neurons in insects - that primarily encode spatial and non-spatial information, respectively. Finally, we highlight similarities and differences in spatial encoding across clades and suggest experimental approaches to compare coding principles and behavioral capabilities across species. Such a comparative approach can provide new insights into the neural basis of spatial navigation and neural computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Katherine Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Raghuraman R, Aoun A, Herman M, Shetler CO, Nahmani E, Hussaini SA. Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589589. [PMID: 38659892 PMCID: PMC11042344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the formation of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) leads to neuronal loss in entorhinal cortex (EC), a crucial brain region involved in memory and navigation. These pathological changes are concurrent with the onset of memory-related issues in AD patients with symptoms of forgetfulness such as misplacing items, disorientation in familiar environments etc. The lateral EC (LEC) is associated with non-spatial memory processing including object recognition. Since in LEC, neurons fire in response to objects (object cells) and at locations previously occupied by objects (trace cells), pathology in this region could lead to dysfunction in object location coding. In this paper we show that a transgenic mouse model, EC-App/Tau, which expresses both APP and tau primarily in the EC region, have deficits in LEC-specific memory tasks. Using in vivo single-unit electrophysiology recordings we show that the LEC neurons are hyperactive with low information content and high sparsity compared to the controls indicating poor firing fidelity. We finally show that object cells and trace cells fire less precisely in the EC-App/Tau mice compared to controls indicating poor encoding of objects. Overall, we show that AD pathology causes erratic firing of LEC neurons and object coding defects leading to LEC-specific memory impairment.
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Tozzi F, Guglielmo S, Paraciani C, van den Oever MC, Mainardi M, Cattaneo A, Origlia N. Involvement of a lateral entorhinal cortex engram in episodic-like memory recall. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114795. [PMID: 39325619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory relies on the entorhinal cortex (EC), a crucial hub connecting the hippocampus and sensory processing regions. This study investigates the role of the lateral EC (LEC) in episodic-like memory in mice. Here, we employ the object-place-context-recognition task (OPCRT), a behavioral test used to study episodic-like memory in rodents. Electrophysiology in brain slices reveals that OPCRT specifically induces a shift in the threshold for the induction of synaptic plasticity in LEC superficial layer II. Additionally, a dual viral system is used to express chemogenetic receptors coupled to the c-Fos promoter in neurons recruited during the learning. We demonstrate that the inhibition of LEC neurons impairs the performance of the mice in the memory task, while their stimulation significantly facilitates memory recall. Our findings provide evidence for an episodic-like memory engram in the LEC and emphasize its role in memory processing within the broader network of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tozzi
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Paraciani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; European Brain Research Institute Rita Levi-Montalcini, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Ventura S, Duncan S, Ainge JA. Increased flexibility of CA3 memory representations following environmental enrichment. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2011-2019.e7. [PMID: 38636511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) improves memory, particularly the ability to discriminate similar past experiences.1,2,3,4,5,6 The hippocampus supports this ability via pattern separation, the encoding of similar events using dissimilar memory representations.7 This is carried out in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 subfields.8,9,10,11,12 Upregulation of adult neurogenesis in the DG improves memory through enhanced pattern separation.1,2,3,4,5,6,11,13,14,15,16 Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) in DG are suggested to contribute to pattern separation by driving inhibition in regions such as CA3,13,14,15,16,17,18 leading to sparser, nonoverlapping representations of similar events (although a role for abGCs in driving excitation in the hippocampus has also been reported16). Place cells in the hippocampus contribute to pattern separation by remapping to spatial and contextual alterations to the environment.19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 How spatial responses in CA3 are affected by EE and input from increased numbers of abGCs in DG is, however, unknown. Here, we investigate the neural mechanisms facilitating improved memory following EE using associative recognition memory tasks that model the automatic and integrative nature of episodic memory. We find that EE-dependent improvements in difficult discriminations are related to increased neurogenesis and sparser memory representations across the hippocampus. Additionally, we report for the first time that EE changes how CA3 place cells discriminate similar contexts. CA3 place cells of enriched rats show greater spatial tuning, increased firing rates, and enhanced remapping to contextual changes. These findings point to more precise and flexible CA3 memory representations in enriched rats, which provides a putative mechanism for EE-dependent improvements in fine memory discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ventura
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Stephen Duncan
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9JP, UK; School of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - James A Ainge
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9JP, UK.
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Chen Y, Branch A, Shuai C, Gallagher M, Knierim JJ. Object-place-context learning impairment correlates with spatial learning impairment in aged Long-Evans rats. Hippocampus 2024; 34:88-99. [PMID: 38073523 PMCID: PMC10843702 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is vulnerable to the process of normal aging. In humans, the extent of this age-related deterioration varies among individuals. Long-Evans rats replicate these individual differences as they age, and therefore they serve as a valuable model system to study aging in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases. In the Morris water maze, aged memory-unimpaired (AU) rats navigate to remembered goal locations as effectively as young rats and demonstrate minimal alterations in physiological markers of synaptic plasticity, whereas aged memory-impaired (AI) rats show impairments in both spatial navigation skills and cellular and molecular markers of plasticity. The present study investigates whether another cognitive domain is affected similarly to navigation in aged Long-Evans rats. We tested the ability of young, AU, and AI animals to recognize novel object-place-context (OPC) configurations and found that performance on the novel OPC recognition paradigm was significantly correlated with performance on the Morris water maze. In the first OPC test, young and AU rats, but not AI rats, successfully recognized and preferentially explored objects in novel OPC configurations. In a second test with new OPC configurations, all age groups showed similar OPC associative recognition memory. The results demonstrated similarities in the behavioral expression of associative, episodic-like memory between young and AU rats and revealed age-related, individual differences in functional decline in both navigation and episodic-like memory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Branch
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecelia Shuai
- Undergraduate Studies, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Knierim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Aoun A, Shetler O, Raghuraman R, Rodriguez GA, Hussaini SA. Beyond correlation: optimal transport metrics for characterizing representational stability and remapping in neurons encoding spatial memory. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1273283. [PMID: 38303974 PMCID: PMC10831886 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1273283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spatial representations in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HPC) are fundamental to cognitive functions like navigation and memory. These representations, embodied in spatial field maps, dynamically remap in response to environmental changes. However, current methods, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, struggle to capture the complexity of these remapping events, especially when fields do not overlap, or transformations are non-linear. This limitation hinders our understanding and quantification of remapping, a key aspect of spatial memory function. Methods We propose a family of metrics based on the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) as a versatile framework for characterizing remapping. Results The EMD provides a granular, noise-resistant, and rate-robust description of remapping. This approach enables the identification of specific cell types and the characterization of remapping in various scenarios, including disease models. Furthermore, the EMD's properties can be manipulated to identify spatially tuned cell types and to explore remapping as it relates to alternate information forms such as spatiotemporal coding. Discussion We present a feasible, lightweight approach that complements traditional methods. Our findings underscore the potential of the EMD as a powerful tool for enhancing our understanding of remapping in the brain and its implications for spatial navigation, memory studies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aoun
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oliver Shetler
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Radha Raghuraman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Rodriguez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - S. Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Bowler JC, Losonczy A. Direct cortical inputs to hippocampal area CA1 transmit complementary signals for goal-directed navigation. Neuron 2023; 111:4071-4085.e6. [PMID: 37816349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The subregions of the entorhinal cortex (EC) are conventionally thought to compute dichotomous representations for spatial processing, with the medial EC (MEC) providing a global spatial map and the lateral EC (LEC) encoding specific sensory details of experience. Yet, little is known about the specific types of information EC transmits downstream to the hippocampus. Here, we exploit in vivo sub-cellular imaging to record from EC axons in CA1 while mice perform navigational tasks in virtual reality (VR). We uncover distinct yet overlapping representations of task, location, and context in both MEC and LEC axons. MEC transmitted highly location- and context-specific codes; LEC inputs were biased by ongoing navigational goals. However, during tasks with reliable reward locations, the animals' position could be accurately decoded from either subregion. Our results revise the prevailing dogma about EC information processing, revealing novel ways spatial and non-spatial information is routed and combined upstream of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Bowler
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Aoun A, Shetler O, Raghuraman R, Rodriguez GA, Hussaini SA. Beyond Correlation: Optimal Transport Metrics For Characterizing Representational Stability and Remapping in Neurons Encoding Spatial Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548592. [PMID: 37503011 PMCID: PMC10369988 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Spatial representations in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HPC) are fundamental to cognitive functions like navigation and memory. These representations, embodied in spatial field maps, dynamically remap in response to environmental changes. However, current methods, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, struggle to capture the complexity of these remapping events, especially when fields do not overlap, or transformations are non-linear. This limitation hinders our understanding and quantification of remapping, a key aspect of spatial memory function. To address this, we propose a family of metrics based on the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) as a versatile framework for characterizing remapping. Applied to both normalized and unnormalized distributions, the EMD provides a granular, noise-resistant, and rate-robust description of remapping. This approach enables the identification of specific cell types and the characterization of remapping in various scenarios, including disease models. Furthermore, the EMD's properties can be manipulated to identify spatially tuned cell types and to explore remapping as it relates to alternate information forms such as spatiotemporal coding. By employing approximations of the EMD, we present a feasible, lightweight approach that complements traditional methods. Our findings underscore the potential of the EMD as a powerful tool for enhancing our understanding of remapping in the brain and its implications for spatial navigation, memory studies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aoun
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Oliver Shetler
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Radha Raghuraman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Rodriguez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S. Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Huang X, Schlesiger MI, Barriuso-Ortega I, Leibold C, MacLaren DAA, Bieber N, Monyer H. Distinct spatial maps and multiple object codes in the lateral entorhinal cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:3068-3083.e7. [PMID: 37478849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is a major cortical input area to the hippocampus, and it is crucial for associative object-place-context memories. An unresolved question is whether these associations are performed exclusively in the hippocampus or also upstream of it. Anatomical evidence suggests that the LEC processes both object and spatial information. We describe here a gradient of spatial selectivity along the antero-posterior axis of the LEC. We demonstrate that the LEC generates distinct spatial maps for different contexts that are independent of object coding and vice versa, thus providing evidence for pure spatial and pure object codes upstream of the hippocampus. While space and object coding occur by and large separately in the LEC, we identified neurons that encode for space and objects conjunctively. Together, these findings point to a scenario in which the LEC sustains both distinct space and object coding and associative space-object coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalene Isabell Schlesiger
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Barriuso-Ortega
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Leibold
- Institute Biology III & Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Duncan Archibald Allan MacLaren
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Bieber
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tsormpatzoudi SO, Moraitou D, Papaliagkas V, Pezirkianidis C, Tsolaki M. Resilience in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Examining the Level and the Associations of Resilience with Subjective Wellbeing and Negative Affect in Early and Late-Stage MCI. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:792. [PMID: 37887442 PMCID: PMC10603887 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examines the relationship between the cognitive state of participants [healthy-early mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-late MCI], some subjective wellbeing factors (positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning in life, accomplishment, and negative emotions), and negative psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, stress), as well as psychological resilience. We expected that people with advanced MCI would perceive increased negative psychological outcomes, poorer psychological resilience, and lower levels of subjective wellbeing in contrast to early MCI and healthy participants. The study involved 30 healthy, 31 early, and 28 late MCI individuals. A series of questionnaires have been applied to assess the aforementioned constructs. To examine the hypotheses of the study, path analysis (EQS program) was applied. Results showed that early MCI persons maintain the same levels of positive emotions and feelings of accomplishment with healthy peers. Late-stage patients present those feelings in a diminished form, which adversely impacts psychological resilience. Individuals with early and late MCI exhibit negative emotions and stress that impact their resilience; however, those with early MCI experience greater stress, negative emotions, depression, and anxiety. These findings may be utilized to design psychological interventions for resilience enhancement and support brain health in elderly adults who are at risk of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Olympia Tsormpatzoudi
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christos Pezirkianidis
- Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Hisey E, Purkey A, Gao Y, Hossain K, Soderling SH, Ressler KJ. A Ventromedial Prefrontal-to-Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Pathway Modulates the Gain of Behavioral Responding During Threat. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:239-248. [PMID: 36925415 PMCID: PMC10354215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to correctly associate cues and contexts with threat is critical for survival, and the inability to do so can result in threat-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus are well known to play critical roles in cued and contextual threat memory processing. However, the circuits that mediate prefrontal-hippocampal modulation of context discrimination during cued threat processing are less understood. Here, we demonstrate the role of a previously unexplored projection from the ventromedial region of PFC (vmPFC) to the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) in modulating the gain of behavior in response to contextual information during threat retrieval and encoding. METHODS We used optogenetics followed by in vivo calcium imaging in male C57/B6J mice to manipulate and monitor vmPFC-LEC activity in response to threat-associated cues in different contexts. We then investigated the inputs to, and outputs from, vmPFC-LEC cells using Rabies tracing and channelrhodopsin-assisted electrophysiology. RESULTS vmPFC-LEC cells flexibly and bidirectionally shaped behavior during threat expression, shaping sensitivity to contextual information to increase or decrease the gain of behavioral output in response to a threatening or neutral context, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Glutamatergic vmPFC-LEC cells are key players in behavioral gain control in response to contextual information during threat processing and may provide a future target for intervention in threat-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hisey
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Purkey
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yudong Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kazi Hossain
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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12
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Falcicchia C, Tozzi F, Gabrielli M, Amoretti S, Masini G, Nardi G, Guglielmo S, Ratto GM, Arancio O, Verderio C, Origlia N. Microglial extracellular vesicles induce Alzheimer's disease-related cortico-hippocampal network dysfunction. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad170. [PMID: 37288314 PMCID: PMC10243901 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and plays a major role in synaptic dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that β-amyloid can elicit aberrant excitatory activity in cortical-hippocampal networks, which is associated with behavioural abnormalities. However, the mechanism of the spreading of β-amyloid action within a specific circuitry has not been elucidated yet. We have previously demonstrated that the motion of microglia-derived large extracellular vesicles carrying β-amyloid, at the neuronal surface, is crucial for the initiation and propagation of synaptic dysfunction along the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit. Here, using chronic EEG recordings, we show that a single injection of extracellular vesicles carrying β-amyloid into the mouse entorhinal cortex could trigger alterations in the cortical and hippocampal activity that are reminiscent of those found in Alzheimer's disease mouse models and human patients. The development of EEG abnormalities was associated with progressive memory impairment as assessed by an associative (object-place context recognition) and non-associative (object recognition) task. Importantly, when the motility of extracellular vesicles, carrying β-amyloid, was inhibited, the effect on network stability and memory function was significantly reduced. Our model proposes a new biological mechanism based on the extracellular vesicles-mediated progression of β-amyloid pathology and offers the opportunity to test pharmacological treatments targeting the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcicchia
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Tozzi
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Bio@SNS laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza (MB) 20854, Italy
| | - Stefano Amoretti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Greta Masini
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nardi
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Bio@SNS laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gian Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Claudia Verderio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza (MB) 20854, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
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13
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Danieli K, Guyon A, Bethus I. Episodic Memory formation: A review of complex Hippocampus input pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110757. [PMID: 37086812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Memories of everyday experiences involve the encoding of a rich and dynamic representation of present objects and their contextual features. Traditionally, the resulting mnemonic trace is referred to as Episodic Memory, i.e. the "what", "where" and "when" of a lived episode. The journey for such memory trace encoding begins with the perceptual data of an experienced episode handled in sensory brain regions. The information is then streamed to cortical areas located in the ventral Medio Temporal Lobe, which produces multi-modal representations concerning either the objects (in the Perirhinal cortex) or the spatial and contextual features (in the parahippocampal region) of the episode. Then, this high-level data is gated through the Entorhinal Cortex and forwarded to the Hippocampal Formation, where all the pieces get bound together. Eventually, the resulting encoded neural pattern is relayed back to the Neocortex for a stable consolidation. This review will detail these different stages and provide a systematic overview of the major cortical streams toward the Hippocampus relevant for Episodic Memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Guyon
- Université Cote d'Azur, Neuromod Institute, France; Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Ingrid Bethus
- Université Cote d'Azur, Neuromod Institute, France; Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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14
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Wang C, Lee H, Rao G, Doreswamy Y, Savelli F, Knierim JJ. Superficial-layer versus deep-layer lateral entorhinal cortex: Coding of allocentric space, egocentric space, speed, boundaries, and corners. Hippocampus 2023; 33:448-464. [PMID: 36965194 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex is the major gateway between the neocortex and the hippocampus and thus plays an essential role in subserving episodic memory and spatial navigation. It can be divided into the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), which are commonly theorized to be critical for spatial (context) and non-spatial (content) inputs, respectively. Consistent with this theory, LEC neurons are found to carry little information about allocentric self-location, even in cue-rich environments, but they exhibit egocentric spatial information about external items in the environment. The superficial and deep layers of LEC are believed to mediate the input to and output from the hippocampus, respectively. As earlier studies mainly examined the spatial firing properties of superficial-layer LEC neurons, here we characterized the deep-layer LEC neurons and made direct comparisons with their superficial counterparts in single unit recordings from behaving rats. Because deep-layer LEC cells received inputs from hippocampal regions, which have strong selectivity for self-location, we hypothesized that deep-layer LEC neurons would be more informative about allocentric position than superficial-layer LEC neurons. We found that deep-layer LEC cells showed only slightly more allocentric spatial information and higher spatial consistency than superficial-layer LEC cells. Egocentric coding properties were comparable between these two subregions. In addition, LEC neurons demonstrated preferential firing at lower speeds, as well as at the boundary or corners of the environment. These results suggest that allocentric spatial outputs from the hippocampus are transformed in deep-layer LEC into the egocentric coding dimensions of LEC, rather than maintaining the allocentric spatial tuning of the CA1 place fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heekyung Lee
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoganarasimha Doreswamy
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco Savelli
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Knierim
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Joshi S, Williams CL, Kapur J. Limbic progesterone receptors regulate spatial memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2164. [PMID: 36750584 PMCID: PMC9905062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone and its receptors (PRs) participate in mating and reproduction, but their role in spatial declarative memory is not understood. Male mice expressed PRs, predominately in excitatory neurons, in brain regions that support spatial memory, such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC). Furthermore, segesterone, a specific PR agonist, activates neurons in both the EC and hippocampus. We assessed the contribution of PRs in promoting spatial and non-spatial cognitive learning in male mice by examining the performance of mice lacking this receptor (PRKO), in novel object recognition, object placement, Y-maze alternation, and Morris-Water Maze (MWM) tasks. In the recognition test, the PRKO mice preferred the familiar object over the novel object. A similar preference for the familiar object was also seen following the EC-specific deletion of PRs. PRKO mice were also unable to recognize the change in object position. We confirmed deficits in spatial memory of PRKO mice by testing them on the Y-maze forced alternation and MWM tasks; PR deletion affected animal's performance in both these tasks. In contrast to spatial tasks, PR removal did not alter the response to fear conditioning. These studies provide novel insights into the role of PRs in facilitating spatial, declarative memory in males, which may help with finding reproductive partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 801330, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Cedric L Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 801330, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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16
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Wu T, Li S, Du D, Li R, Liu P, Yin Z, Zhang H, Qiao Y, Li A. Olfactory-auditory sensory integration in the lateral entorhinal cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 221:102399. [PMID: 36581184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory integration plays an important role in animal cognition. Although many studies have focused on visual-auditory integration, studies on olfactory-auditory integration are rare. Here, we investigated neural activity patterns and odor decoding in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) under uni-sensory and multisensory stimuli in awake, head-fixed mice. Using specific retrograde tracing, we verified that the LEC receives direct inputs from the primary auditory cortex (AC) and the medial geniculate body (MGB). Strikingly, we found that mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts) in the olfactory bulb (OB) and neurons in the LEC respond to both olfactory and auditory stimuli. Sound decreased the neural responses evoked by odors in both the OB and LEC, for both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Interestingly, significant changes in odor decoding performance and modulation of odor-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) were observed only in the LEC. These data indicate that the LEC is a critical center for olfactory-auditory multisensory integration, with direct projections from both olfactory and auditory centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Deliang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Penglai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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17
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Huston JP, Chao OY. Probing the nature of episodic memory in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104930. [PMID: 36544301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) specifies the experience of retrieving information of an event at the place and time of occurrence. Whether non-human animals are capable of EM remains debated, whereas evidence suggests that they have a memory system akin to EM. We here trace the development of various behavioral paradigms designed to study EM in non-human animals, in particular the rat. We provide an in-depth description of the available behavioral tests which combine three spontaneous object exploration paradigms, namely novel object preference (for measuring memory for "what"), novel location preference (for measuring memory for "where") and temporal order memory (memory for "when"), into a single trial to gauge a memory akin to EM. Most important, we describe a variation of such a test in which each memory component interacts with the others, demonstrating an integration of diverse mnemonic information. We discuss why a behavioral model of EM must be able to assess the ability to integrate "what", "where" and "when" information into a single experience. We attempt an interpretation of the various tests and review the studies that have applied them in areas such as pharmacology, neuroanatomy, circuit analysis, and sleep. Finally, we anticipate future directions in the search for neural mechanisms of EM in the rat and outline model experiments and methodologies in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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18
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Barbosa FF, Castelo-Branco R. Assessing episodic memory in rodents using spontaneous object recognition tasks. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:ETLS20220010. [PMID: 36477302 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Models of episodic memory are successfully established using spontaneous object recognition tasks in rodents. In this review, we present behavioral techniques devised to investigate this type of memory, emphasizing methods based on associations of places and temporal order of items explored by rats and mice. We also provide a review on the areas and circuitry of the medial temporal lobe underlying episodic-like memory, considering that a large number of neurobiology data derived from these protocols. Although spontaneous recognition tasks are commonplace in this field, there is need for careful evaluation of factors affecting animal performance. Such as the ongoing development of tools for investigating the neural basis of memory, efforts should be put in the refinement of experimental designs, in order to provide reliable behavioral evidence of this complex mnemonic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rochele Castelo-Branco
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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19
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Asiminas A, Lyon SA, Langston RF, Wood ER. Developmental trajectory of episodic-like memory in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:969871. [PMID: 36523755 PMCID: PMC9745197 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.969871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Episodic memory formation requires the binding of multiple associations to a coherent episodic representation, with rich detail of times, places, and contextual information. During postnatal development, the ability to recall episodic memories emerges later than other types of memory such as object recognition. However, the precise developmental trajectory of episodic memory, from weaning to adulthood has not yet been established in rats. Spontaneous object exploration tasks do not require training, and allow repeated testing of subjects, provided novel objects are used on each trial. Therefore, these tasks are ideally suited for the study of the ontogeny of episodic memory and its constituents (e.g., object, spatial, and contextual memory). Methods In the present study, we used four spontaneous short-term object exploration tasks over two days: object (OR), object-context (OCR), object-place (OPR), and object-place-context (OPCR) recognition to characterise the ontogeny of episodic-like memory and its components in three commonly used outbred rat strains (Lister Hooded, Long Evans Hooded, and Sprague Dawley). Results In longitudinal studies starting at 3-4 weeks of age, we observed that short term memory for objects was already present at the earliest time point we tested, indicating that it is established before the end of the third week of life (consistent with several other reports). Object-context memory developed during the fifth week of life, while both object-in-place and the episodic-like object-place-context memory developed around the seventh postnatal week. To control for the effects of previous experience in the development of associative memory, we confirmed these developmental trajectories using a cross-sectional protocol. Discussion Our work provides robust evidence for different developmental trajectories of recognition memory in rats depending on the content and/or complexity of the associations and emphasises the utility of spontaneous object exploration tasks to assess the ontogeny of memory systems with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Asiminas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie A. Lyon
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rosamund F. Langston
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R. Wood
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Bengaluru, India
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20
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Zhou Y, Sheremet A, Kennedy JP, Qin Y, DiCola NM, Lovett SD, Burke SN, Maurer AP. Theta dominates cross-frequency coupling in hippocampal-medial entorhinal circuit during awake-behavior in rats. iScience 2022; 25:105457. [PMID: 36405771 PMCID: PMC9667293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta and gamma rhythms are hypothesized to play a role in the physiology of higher cognition. Prior research has reported that an offset in theta cycles between the entorhinal cortex, CA3, and CA1 regions promotes independence of population activity across the hippocampus. In line with this idea, it has recently been observed that CA1 pyramidal cells can establish and maintain coordinated place cell activity intrinsically, with minimal reliance on afferent input. Counter to these observations is the contemporary hypothesis that CA1 neuron activity is driven by a gamma oscillation arising from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that relays information by providing precisely timed synchrony between MEC and CA1. Reinvestigating this in rats during appetitive track running, we found that theta is the dominant frequency of cross-frequency coupling between the MEC and hippocampus, with hippocampal gamma largely independent of entorhinal gamma. Theta, theta harmonic, and gamma power increase with running speed in the HPC and MEC Intra-regionally, theta-theta harmonic and theta-gamma coupling increases with speed Cross-regionally, theta is the dominant frequency of coupling between HPC and MEC Marginal gamma coupling can be explained by local gamma modulated by coherent theta
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21
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Grande X, Sauvage MM, Becke A, Düzel E, Berron D. Transversal functional connectivity and scene-specific processing in the human entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry. eLife 2022; 11:e76479. [PMID: 36222669 PMCID: PMC9651961 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scene and object information reach the entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry in partly segregated cortical processing streams. Converging evidence suggests that such information-specific streams organize the cortical - entorhinal interaction and the circuitry's inner communication along the transversal axis of hippocampal subiculum and CA1. Here, we leveraged ultra-high field functional imaging and advance Maass et al., 2015 who report two functional routes segregating the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the subiculum. We identify entorhinal subregions based on preferential functional connectivity with perirhinal Area 35 and 36, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortical sources (referred to as ECArea35-based, ECArea36-based, ECPHC-based, ECRSC-based, respectively). Our data show specific scene processing in the functionally connected ECPHC-based and distal subiculum. Another route, that functionally connects the ECArea35-based and a newly identified ECRSC-based with the subiculum/CA1 border, however, shows no selectivity between object and scene conditions. Our results are consistent with transversal information-specific pathways in the human entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry, with anatomically organized convergence of cortical processing streams and a unique route for scene information. Our study thus further characterizes the functional organization of this circuitry and its information-specific role in memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Grande
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
| | - Magdalena M Sauvage
- Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz-Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Functional Neuroplasticity Department, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Andreas Becke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund UniversityLundSweden
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22
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Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Yang YM, Huston JP. Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104855. [PMID: 36089106 PMCID: PMC10542956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an association of the object and place in a particular environment. A joint employment of lesions, pharmacological interventions, optogenetics and chemogenetics is constantly expanding our knowledge of the neural basis for recognition memory of object, place, and their association. In this review, we summarize current studies on recognition memory in rodents with a focus on the novel object preference, novel location preference and object-in-place paradigms. The evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex- and hippocampus-connected circuits contribute to recognition memory for object and place. Under certain conditions, the striatum, medial septum, amygdala, locus coeruleus and cerebellum are also involved. We propose that the neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place is hierarchically connected and constructed by different cortical (perirhinal, entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices), thalamic (nucleus reuniens, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei) and primeval (hypothalamus and interpeduncular nucleus) modules interacting with the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Li C, Wu XJ, Li W. Neuropeptide S promotes maintenance of newly formed dendritic spines and performance improvement after motor learning in mice. Peptides 2022; 156:170860. [PMID: 35970276 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS), an endogenous neuropeptide consisting of 20 amino acids, selectively binds and activates G protein-coupled receptor named neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) to regulate a variety of physiological functions. NPS/NPSR system has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating learning and memory in rodents. However, it remains unclear that how NPS/NPSR system affects neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity after learning. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of NPS promoted performance improvement and reduced sleep duration after motor learning, which could be blocked by pre-treatment with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NPSR antagonist SHA 68. Using intravital two-photon imaging, we examined the effect of NPS on the postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex after motor learning. We found that i.c.v. injection of NPS strengthened learning-induce new spines and facilitated their survival over time. Furthermore, i.c.v. injection of NPS increased calcium activity of apical dendrites and dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex during the running period. These findings suggest that activation of NPSR by NPS increases synaptic calcium activity and learning-related synapse maintenance, thereby contributing to performance improvement after motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xu-Jun Wu
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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24
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Castegnaro A, Howett D, Li A, Harding E, Chan D, Burgess N, King J. Assessing mild cognitive impairment using object-location memory in immersive virtual environments. Hippocampus 2022; 32:660-678. [PMID: 35916343 PMCID: PMC9543035 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are found in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. The earliest pathological accumulation of tau colocalizes with the areas of the MTL involved in object processing as part of a wider anterolateral network. Here, we sought to assess the diagnostic potential of memory for object locations in iVR environments in individuals at high risk of AD dementia (amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI] n = 23) as compared to age-related cognitive decline. Consistent with our primary hypothesis that early AD would be associated with impaired object location, aMCI patients exhibited impaired spatial feature binding. Compared to both older (n = 24) and younger (n = 53) controls, aMCI patients, recalled object locations with significantly less accuracy (p < .001), with a trend toward an impaired identification of the object's correct context (p = .05). Importantly, these findings were not explained by deficits in object recognition (p = .6). These deficits differentiated aMCI from controls with greater accuracy (AUC = 0.89) than the standard neuropsychological tests. Within the aMCI group, 16 had CSF biomarkers indicative of their likely AD status (MCI+ n = 9 vs. MCI- n = 7). MCI+ showed lower accuracy in the object-context association than MCI- (p = .03) suggesting a selective deficit in object-context binding postulated to be associated with anterior-temporal areas. MRI volumetric analysis across healthy older participants and aMCI revealed that test performance positively correlates with lateral entorhinal cortex volumes (p < .05) and hippocampus volumes (p < .01), consistent with their hypothesized role in binding contextual and spatial information with object identity. Our results indicate that tests relying on the anterolateral object processing stream, and in particular requiring successful binding of an object with spatial information, may aid detection of pre-dementia AD due to the underlying early spread of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castegnaro
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Howett
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Adrienne Li
- Department of PsychologyYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Harding
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dennis Chan
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John King
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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25
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Kostka JK, Bitzenhofer SH. How the sense of smell influences cognition throughout life. NEUROFORUM 2022; 28:177-185. [PMID: 36067120 PMCID: PMC9380998 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although mostly unaware, we constantly navigate a complex landscape of airborne molecules. The perception of these molecules helps us navigate, shapes our social life, and can trigger emotionally charged memories transporting us back to the past within a split second. While the processing of olfactory information in early sensory areas is well understood, how the sense of smell affects cognition only recently gained attention in the field of neuroscience. Here, we review links between olfaction and cognition and explore the idea that the activity in olfactory areas may be critical for coordinating cognitive networks. Further, we discuss how olfactory activity may shape the development of cognitive networks and associations between the decline of olfactory and cognitive abilities in aging. Olfaction provides a great tool to study large-scale networks underlying cognitive abilities and bears the potential for a better understanding of cognitive symptoms associated with many mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. Kostka
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Cooper TL, Thompson JJ, Turner SM, Watson C, Lubke KN, Logan CN, Maurer AP, Burke SN. Unilateral Perforant Path Transection Does Not Alter Lateral Entorhinal Cortical or Hippocampal CA3 Arc Expression. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:920713. [PMID: 35844245 PMCID: PMC9279555 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.920713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that degradation of perforant path fibers is associated with age-related cognitive dysfunction and CA3 hyperactivity. Whether this fiber loss triggers a cascade of other functional changes within the hippocampus circuit has not been causatively established, however. Thus, the current study evaluated the effect of perforant path fiber loss on neuronal activity in CA3 and layer II of the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) in relation to mnemonic similarity task performance. Expression of the immediate early gene Arc was quantified in rats that received a unilateral right hemisphere transection of the perforant path or sham surgery that cut the cortex but left the fibers intact. Behavior-related expression of Arc mRNA was measured to test the hypothesis that fiber loss leads to elevated activation of CA3 and LEC neurons, as previously observed in aged rats that were impaired on the mnemonic similarity task. Transection of perforant path fibers, which has previously been shown to lead to a decline in mnemonic similarity task performance, did not alter Arc expression. Arc expression in CA3, however, was correlated with task performance on the more difficult discrimination trials across both surgical groups. These observations further support a link between CA3 activity and mnemonic similarity task performance but suggest the reduced input from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus, as observed in old age, does not causatively elevate CA3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Cooper
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John J. Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sean M. Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cory Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn N. Lubke
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carly N. Logan
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew P. Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Persson BM, Ambrozova V, Duncan S, Wood ER, O’Connor AR, Ainge JA. Lateral entorhinal cortex lesions impair odor-context associative memory in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1030-1046. [PMID: 35187710 PMCID: PMC9302644 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) has been hypothesized to process nonspatial, item information that is combined with spatial information from medial entorhinal cortex to form episodic memories within the hippocampus. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that LEC has a role in integrating features of episodic memory prior to the hippocampus. While the precise role of LEC is still unclear, anatomical studies show that LEC is ideally placed to be a hub integrating multisensory information. The current study tests whether the role of LEC in integrating information extends to long-term multimodal item-context associations. In Experiment 1, male rats were trained on a context-dependent odor discrimination task, where two different contexts served as the cue to the correct odor. Rats were pretrained on the task and then received either bilateral excitotoxic LEC or sham lesions. Following surgery, rats were tested on the previously learned odor-context associations. Control rats showed good memory for the previously learned association but rats with LEC lesions showed significantly impaired performance relative to both their own presurgery performance and to control rats. Experiment 2 went on to test whether impairments in Experiment 1 were the result of LEC lesions impairing either odor or context memory retention alone. Male rats were trained on simple odor and context discrimination tasks that did not require integration of features to solve. Following surgery, both LEC and control rats showed good memory for previously learned odors and contexts. These data show that LEC is critical for long-term odor-context associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn M. Persson
- School of Psychology & NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | | | - Stephen Duncan
- School of Psychology & NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Emma R. Wood
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Akira R. O’Connor
- School of Psychology & NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - James A. Ainge
- School of Psychology & NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
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28
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Luo W, Yun D, Hu Y, Tian M, Yang J, Xu Y, Tang Y, Zhan Y, Xie H, Guan JS. Acquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1601. [PMID: 35332120 PMCID: PMC8948206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus interacts with the neocortical network for memory retrieval and consolidation. Here, we found the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony (20–40 Hz) in a hippocampal-dependent manner. The long-range gamma synchrony, which was coupled to the theta (7–10 Hz) rhythm and enhanced upon learning and recall, was mediated by inter-cortical projections from layer 5 neurons of the LEC to layer 2 neurons of the sensory and association cortices. Artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice for originally hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mechanistically, we found that activities of cortical c-Fos labeled neurons, which showed egocentric map properties, were modulated by LEC-mediated gamma synchrony during memory recall, implicating a role of cortical synchrony to generate an integrative memory representation from disperse features. Our findings reveal the hippocampal mediated organization of cortical memories and suggest brain-machine interface approaches to improve cognitive function. Hippocampal lesioned mice form new memories. Here, the authors show the lateral entorhinal cortex modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony in a hippocampal-dependent manner and artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Lin C, Oh MM, Disterhoft JF. Aging-Related Alterations to Persistent Firing in the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Contribute to Deficits in Temporal Associative Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:838513. [PMID: 35360205 PMCID: PMC8963507 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.838513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging comes a myriad of different disorders, and cognitive decline is one of them. Studies have consistently shown a decline amongst aged subjects in their ability to acquire and maintain temporal associative memory. Defined as the memory of the association between two objects that are separated in time, temporal associative memory is dependent on neocortical structures such as the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe structures. For this memory to be acquired, a mental trace of the first stimulus is necessary to bridge the temporal gap so the two stimuli can be properly associated. Persistent firing, the ability of the neuron to continue to fire action potentials even after the termination of a triggering stimulus, is one mechanism that is posited to support this mental trace. A recent study demonstrated a decline in persistent firing ability in pyramidal neurons of layer III of the lateral entorhinal cortex with aging, contributing to learning impairments in temporal associative memory acquisition. In this work, we explore the potential ways persistent firing in lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) III supports temporal associative memory, and how aging may disrupt this mechanism within the temporal lobe system, resulting in impairment in this crucial behavior.
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30
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Setti SE, Reed MN. Network activity changes in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: the role of aging and early entorhinal cortex dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:289-298. [PMID: 34591222 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for development of the deadly neurodegenerative disorder known as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is advancing age. Currently unknown is what mediates the impact of advanced age on development of AD. Also unknown is what impact activity alterations in the entorhinal cortex (EC) has on the spread of AD pathology such as pathological tau through the brain as AD progresses. This review focuses on evidence in the literature that describes how one potential age-related change, that of glutamate-mediated increases in neuronal activity, may ultimately increase the risk of developing AD and promote the spread of tau pathology in AD-affected brains from the EC to later regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A better understanding of these detrimental alterations may allow for earlier detection of AD, offering a better prognosis for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharay E Setti
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, 720 South Donahue, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, 720 South Donahue, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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31
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Borcuk C, Héraud C, Herbeaux K, Diringer M, Panzer É, Scuto J, Hashimoto S, Saido TC, Saito T, Goutagny R, Battaglia D, Mathis C. Early memory deficits and extensive brain network disorganization in the AppNL-F/MAPT double knock-in mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100042. [PMID: 36908877 PMCID: PMC9997176 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical challenge in current research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to clarify the relationship between network dysfunction and the emergence of subtle memory deficits in itspreclinical stage. The AppNL-F/MAPT double knock-in (dKI) model with humanized β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and tau was used to investigate both memory and network dysfunctions at an early stage. Young male dKI mice (2 to 6 months) were tested in three tasks taxing different aspects of recognition memory affected in preclinical AD. An early deficit first appeared in the object-place association task at the age of 4 months, when increased levels of β-CTF and Aβ were detected in both the hippocampus and the medial temporal cortex, and tau pathology was found only in the medial temporal cortex. Object-place task-dependent c-Fos activation was then analyzed in 22 subregions across the medial prefrontal cortex, claustrum, retrosplenial cortex, and medial temporal lobe. Increased c-Fos activation was detected in the entorhinal cortex and the claustrum of dKI mice. During recall, network efficiency was reduced across cingulate regions with a major disruption of information flow through the retrosplenial cortex. Our findings suggest that early perirhinal-entorhinal pathology is associated with abnormal activity which may spread to downstream regions such as the claustrum, the medial prefrontal cortex and ultimately the key retrosplenial hub which relays information from frontal to temporal lobes. The similarity between our findings and those reported in preclinical stages of AD suggests that the AppNL-F/MAPT dKI model has a high potential for providing key insights into preclinical AD.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADAD, autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
- Associative memory
- CLA, claustrum
- Claustrum
- DMN, default mode network
- EI, exploration index
- FC, functional connectivity
- Functional connectivity
- MI, Memory index
- MTC, medial temporal cortex
- MTL, medial temporal lobe
- Medial temporal cortex
- NOR, novel object recognition
- OL, Object location
- OP, object-place
- PS, Pattern Separation
- Preclinical Alzheimer disease
- Retrosplenial cortex
- aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment
- amyloid beta, Aβ
- dKI, AppNL-F/MAPT double knock-in
- ptau Thr 181, Thr181phosphorylated tau protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Borcuk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Héraud
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Herbeaux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Margot Diringer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Élodie Panzer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jil Scuto
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Romain Goutagny
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Demian Battaglia
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université d'Aix-Marseille, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Mathis
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA) UMR 7364, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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32
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Ross TW, Easton A. The Hippocampal Horizon: Constructing and Segmenting Experience for Episodic Memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:181-196. [PMID: 34826509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
How do we recollect specific events that have occurred during continuous ongoing experience? There is converging evidence from non-human animals that spatially modulated cellular activity of the hippocampal formation supports the construction of ongoing events. On the other hand, recent human oriented event cognition models have outlined that our experience is segmented into discrete units, and that such segmentation can operate on shorter or longer timescales. Here, we describe a unification of how these dynamic physiological mechanisms of the hippocampus relate to ongoing externally and internally driven event segmentation, facilitating the demarcation of specific moments during experience. Our cross-species interdisciplinary approach offers a novel perspective in the way we construct and remember specific events, leading to the generation of many new hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ross
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, United Kingdom.
| | - A Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, United Kingdom
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33
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Yu XT, Yu J, Choi A, Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Lateral entorhinal cortex supports the development of prefrontal network activity that bridges temporally discontiguous stimuli. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1285-1299. [PMID: 34606152 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is an essential component of the brain circuitry supporting long-term memory by serving as an interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. Dysfunction of the LEC affects sensory coding in the hippocampus, leading to a view that the LEC provides the hippocampus with highly processed sensory information. It remains unclear, however, how the LEC modulates neural processing in the neocortical regions. To address this point, we pharmacologically inactivated the LEC of male rats during a temporal associative learning task and examined its impact on local network activity in one of the LEC's efferent targets, the prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Rats were exposed to two neutral stimuli, one of which was paired with an aversive eyelid shock over a short temporal delay. The LEC inhibition reduced the expression of anticipatory blinking responses to the reinforced stimuli without increasing responses to nonreinforced stimuli. In control rats, both the reinforced and nonreinforced stimuli evoked a short-lived, wide-band increase in the prelimbic network activity. With learning, the initial increase of gamma-band activity started to extend into the interval between the reinforced neutral stimulus and the eyelid shock. LEC inhibition attenuated the learning-induced sustained activity, without affecting the initial transient activity. These results suggest that the integrity of LEC is necessary for the formation of temporal stimulus associations and its neural correlates in the mPFC. Given the minimal effects on the innate network responses to sensory stimuli, the LEC appears not to be the main source of sensory inputs to the mPFC; rather it may provide a framework that shapes the mPFC network response to behaviorally relevant cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Tag Yu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica Yu
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allison Choi
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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34
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Shimoda S, Ozawa T, Ichitani Y, Yamada K. Long-term associative memory in rats: Effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254570. [PMID: 34329332 PMCID: PMC8323955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC recognition test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. In addition, repeated 30-min familiarization periods extended the significant novelty preference to 72 hours. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Shimoda
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ozawa
- Institute of Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Ichitani
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tran T, Tobin KE, Block SH, Puliyadi V, Gallagher M, Bakker A. Effect of aging differs for memory of object identity and object position within a spatial context. Learn Mem 2021; 28:239-247. [PMID: 34131055 PMCID: PMC8212778 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053181.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable focus on investigating age-related memory changes in cognitively healthy older adults, in the absence of neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have reported age-related domain-specific changes in older adults, showing increased difficulty encoding and processing object information but minimal to no impairment in processing spatial information compared with younger adults. However, few of these studies have examined age-related changes in the encoding of concurrently presented object and spatial stimuli, specifically the integration of both spatial and nonspatial (object) information. To more closely resemble real-life memory encoding and the integration of both spatial and nonspatial information, the current study developed a new experimental paradigm with novel environments that allowed for the placement of different objects in different positions within the environment. The results show that older adults have decreased performance in recognizing changes of the object position within the spatial context but no significant differences in recognizing changes in the identity of the object within the spatial context compared with younger adults. These findings suggest there may be potential age-related differences in the mechanisms underlying the representations of complex environments and furthermore, the integration of spatial and nonspatial information may be differentially processed relative to independent and isolated representations of object and spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Tobin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Sophia H. Block
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Vyash Puliyadi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Vyleta NP, Snyder JS. Prolonged development of long-term potentiation at lateral entorhinal cortex synapses onto adult-born neurons. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253642. [PMID: 34143843 PMCID: PMC8213073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical period plasticity at adult-born neuron synapses is widely believed to contribute to the learning and memory functions of the hippocampus. Experience regulates circuit integration and for a transient interval, until cells are ~6 weeks old, new neurons display enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) at afferent and efferent synapses. Since neurogenesis declines substantially with age, this raises questions about the extent of lasting plasticity offered by adult-born neurons. Notably, however, the hippocampus receives sensory information from two major cortical pathways. Broadly speaking, the medial entorhinal cortex conveys spatial information to the hippocampus via the medial perforant path (MPP), and the lateral entorhinal cortex, via the lateral perforant path (LPP), codes for the cues and items that make experiences unique. While enhanced critical period plasticity at MPP synapses is relatively well characterized, no studies have examined long-term plasticity at LPP synapses onto adult-born neurons, even though the lateral entorhinal cortex is uniquely vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's pathology. We therefore investigated LTP at LPP inputs both within (4-6 weeks) and beyond (8+ weeks) the traditional critical period. At immature stages, adult-born neurons did not undergo significant LTP at LPP synapses, and often displayed long-term depression after theta burst stimulation. However, over the course of 3-4 months, adult-born neurons displayed increasingly greater amounts of LTP. Analyses of short-term plasticity point towards a presynaptic mechanism, where transmitter release probability declines as cells mature, providing a greater dynamic range for strengthening synapses. Collectively, our findings identify a novel form of new neuron plasticity that develops over an extended interval, and may therefore be relevant for maintaining cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Vyleta
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason S. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Vandrey B, Duncan S, Ainge JA. Object and object-memory representations across the proximodistal axis of CA1. Hippocampus 2021; 31:881-896. [PMID: 33942429 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory requires information about objects to be integrated into a spatial framework. Place cells in the hippocampus encode spatial representations of objects that could be generated through signaling from the entorhinal cortex. Projections from lateral (LEC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to the hippocampus terminate in distal and proximal CA1, respectively. We recorded place cells in distal and proximal CA1 as rats explored an environment that contained objects. Place cells in distal CA1 demonstrated higher measures of spatial tuning, stability, and closer proximity of place fields to objects. Furthermore, remapping to object displacement was modulated by place field proximity to objects in distal, but not proximal CA1. Finally, representations of previous object locations were closer to those locations in distal CA1 than proximal CA1. Our data suggest that in cue-rich environments, LEC inputs to the hippocampus support spatial representations with higher spatial tuning, closer proximity to objects, and greater stability than those receiving inputs from MEC. This is consistent with functional segregation in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuits underlying object-place memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Vandrey
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen Duncan
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - James A Ainge
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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Hoffman AF, Hwang EK, Lupica CR. Impairment of Synaptic Plasticity by Cannabis, Δ 9-THC, and Synthetic Cannabinoids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039743. [PMID: 32341064 PMCID: PMC8091957 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of neurons to dynamically and flexibly encode synaptic inputs via short- and long-term plasticity is critical to an organism's ability to learn and adapt to the environment. Whereas synaptic plasticity may be encoded by pre- or postsynaptic mechanisms, current evidence suggests that optimization of learning requires both forms of plasticity. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) play critical roles in modulating synaptic transmission via activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) in many central nervous system (CNS) regions, and the eCB system has been implicated, either directly or indirectly, in several forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of this, perturbations within the eCB signaling system can lead to impairments in a variety of learned behaviors. One agent of altered eCB signaling is exposure to "exogenous cannabinoids" such as the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-THC, or illicit synthetic cannabinoids that in many cases have higher potency and efficacy than Δ9-THC. Thus, by targeting the eCB system, these agonists can produce widespread impairment of synaptic plasticity by disrupting ongoing eCB function. Here, we review studies in which Δ9-THC and synthetic cannabinoids impair synaptic plasticity in a variety of neuronal circuits and examine evidence that this contributes to their well-documented ability to disrupt cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Newell AJ, Chung SH, Wagner CK. Inhibition of progesterone receptor activity during development increases reelin-immunoreactivity in Cajal-Retzius cells, alters synaptic innervation in neonatal dentate gyrus, and impairs episodic-like memory in adulthood. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104887. [PMID: 33166560 PMCID: PMC8130849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) molecular layer during the postnatal period (P1-28), a critical stage of development for the dentate gyrus and its circuitry. CR cells secrete the glycoprotein, reelin, which is required for typical development of the DG and its connections, particularly afferent input from the perforant path. This pathway regulates the processing of sensory information arriving from entorhinal cortex and integrates this information to form episodic memories. To assess the potential role of PR activity on the development of these connections and associated behavior, rats were treated daily from P1 to 7 with the PR antagonist, RU486. RU486 treatment increased the number of reelin-ir cells, suggesting an accumulation of reelin, and implicating PR in the regulation of a principle developmental function of CR cells. RU486 also altered the synaptic bouton marker, synaptophysin-ir, in a sex-specific manner, suggesting a role for PR activity in the development of perforant path innervation of the molecular layer (MOL). Finally, both control and RU486 treated rats spent significantly more time with a temporally distant object in the Relative Recency task, suggesting an intact associative memory for object identity and temporal order in both groups. In contrast, the same RU486 treated rats were impaired in an episodic-like memory task compared to controls, failing to integrate object identity ('what'), time ('when'), and object position ('where'). These findings reveal a novel role for PR in regulating CR cell function within the MOL, thereby altering development of DG connectivity and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Sung Hwan Chung
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Christine K Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
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Barker GRI, Warburton EC. Putting objects in context: A prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal cortex network. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820937621. [PMID: 32954004 PMCID: PMC7479864 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820937621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When we encounter an object, we spontaneously form associations between the
object and the environment in which it was encountered. These associations can
take a number of different forms, which include location and context. A neural
circuit between the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex
is critical for object-location and object-sequence associations; however, how
this neural circuit contributes to the formation of object-context associations
has not been established. Bilateral lesions were made in the hippocampus, medial
prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex to examine each region contribution to
object-context memory formation. Next, a disconnection lesion approach was used
to examine the necessity of functional interactions between the hippocampus and
medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex. Spontaneous tests of preferential
exploration were used to assess memory for different types of object-context
associations. Bilateral lesion in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex or
perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both an object-place-context and an
object-context task. Disconnection of the hippocampus from either the medial
prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both the
object-place-context and object-context task. Interestingly, when object
recognition memory was tested with a context switch between encoding and test,
performance in the hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex lesion groups was
disrupted and performance in each disconnection group (i.e. hippocampus + medial
prefrontal cortex, hippocampus + perirhinal cortex) was significantly impaired.
Overall, these experiments establish the importance of the hippocampal-medial
prefrontal-perirhinal cortex circuit for the formation of object-context
associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R I Barker
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E C Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Luna-Munguia H, Gasca-Martinez D, Marquez-Bravo L, Concha L. Memory deficits in Sprague Dawley rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01711. [PMID: 32583983 PMCID: PMC7428488 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous ventriculomegaly has been observed in rats that were presumed normal. Because the external phenotype of these animals is unremarkable, they can be inadvertently included in behavioral experiments, despite the considerable enlargement of the ventricular system, reduced cortical thickness, and hippocampal atrophy upon imaging. Given the role of such structures in memory consolidation, we evaluated long-term memory retention while decision making in rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly. METHODS We studied adult male Sprague Dawley rats, identified as having spontaneous ventriculomegaly, while performing baseline magnetic resonance imaging scanning intended for a different research protocol. Control (n = 7) and experimental (n = 6) animals were submitted to a delayed-alternation task (no delay, 30, 60, and 180 s) and an object-in-context recognition task. During the first task, we evaluated the number of correct choices as well as the latency to reach any of the cavities located at the end of each branch arm during each trial. The second task assessed the rodents' ability to remember where they had previously encountered a specific object, calculating the context recognition index. RESULTS When compared to control animals, rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly required significantly more training sessions to reach the 80% criterion during the training phase. Moreover, they showed reduced delayed-alternation performance in the evaluated times, reaching significance only at 180 s. Increased latencies while trying to reach the cavity were also observed. Evaluation of the long-term memory formation during the object-in-context recognition task showed that subjects with ventriculomegaly spent less time investigating the familiar object, resulting in a significantly decreased recognition index value. CONCLUSION Our results are the first to show how spontaneous ventriculomegaly-induced cerebral structural damage affects decision-making behaviors, particularly when comparing between immediate and delayed trials. Moreover, this lesion disrupts the animals' ability to recall or express contextual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Luna-Munguia
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martinez
- Unidad de Analisis Conductual, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Marquez-Bravo
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
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Lin C, Sherathiya VN, Oh MM, Disterhoft JF. Persistent firing in LEC III neurons is differentially modulated by learning and aging. eLife 2020; 9:e56816. [PMID: 32687058 PMCID: PMC7371426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether and how persistent firing in lateral entorhinal cortex layer III (LEC III) supports temporal associative learning is still unknown. In this study, persistent firing was evoked in vitro from LEC III neurons from young and aged rats that were behaviorally naive or trained on trace eyeblink conditioning. Persistent firing ability from neurons from behaviorally naive aged rats was lower compared to neurons from young rats. Neurons from learning impaired aged animals also exhibited reduced persistent firing capacity, which may contribute to aging-related learning impairments. Successful acquisition of the trace eyeblink task, however, increased persistent firing ability in both young and aged rats. These changes in persistent firing ability are due to changes to the afterdepolarization, which may in turn be modulated by the postburst afterhyperpolarization. Together, these data indicate that successful learning increases persistent firing ability and decreases in persistent firing ability contribute to learning impairments in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Venus N Sherathiya
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - M Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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Kuruvilla MV, Wilson DIG, Ainge JA. Lateral entorhinal cortex lesions impair both egocentric and allocentric object-place associations. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820939463. [PMID: 32954005 PMCID: PMC7479866 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820939463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During navigation, landmark processing is critical either for generating
an allocentric-based cognitive map or in facilitating egocentric-based
strategies. Increasing evidence from manipulation and single-unit
recording studies has highlighted the role of the entorhinal cortex in
processing landmarks. In particular, the lateral (LEC) and medial
(MEC) sub-regions of the entorhinal cortex have been shown to attend
to proximal and distal landmarks, respectively. Recent studies have
identified a further dissociation in cue processing between the LEC
and MEC based on spatial frames of reference. Neurons in the LEC
preferentially encode egocentric cues while those in the MEC encode
allocentric cues. In this study, we assessed the impact of disrupting
the LEC on landmark-based spatial memory in both egocentric and
allocentric reference frames. Animals that received excitotoxic
lesions of the LEC were significantly impaired, relative to controls,
on both egocentric and allocentric versions of an object–place
association task. Notably, LEC lesioned animals performed at chance on
the egocentric version but above chance on the allocentric version.
There was no significant difference in performance between the two
groups on an object recognition and spatial T-maze task. Taken
together, these results indicate that the LEC plays a role in feature
integration more broadly and in specifically processing spatial
information within an egocentric reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh V Kuruvilla
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.,Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David I G Wilson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - James A Ainge
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD. Distributed interactive brain circuits for object-in-place memory: A place for time? Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820933471. [PMID: 32954003 PMCID: PMC7479857 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820933471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents will spontaneously learn the location of an individual object, an
ability captured by the object-in-place test. This review considers
the network of structures supporting this behavioural test, as well as
some potential confounds that may affect interpretation. A
hierarchical approach is adopted, as we first consider those brain
regions necessary for two simpler, ‘precursor’ tests (object
recognition and object location). It is evident that performing the
object-in-place test requires an array of areas additional to those
required for object recognition or object location. These additional
areas include the rodent medial prefrontal cortex and two thalamic
nuclei (nucleus reuniens and the medial dorsal nucleus), both densely
interconnected with prefrontal areas. Consequently, despite the need
for object and location information to be integrated for the
object-in-place test, for example, via the hippocampus, other
contributions are necessary. These contributions stem from how
object-in-place is a test of associative recognition, as none of the
individual elements in the test phase are novel. Parallels between the
structures required for object-in-place and for recency
discriminations, along with a re-examination of the demands of the
object-in-place test, signal the integration of temporal information
within what is usually regarded as a spatial-object test.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Asiminas A, Jackson AD, Louros SR, Till SM, Spano T, Dando O, Bear MF, Chattarji S, Hardingham GE, Osterweil EK, Wyllie DJA, Wood ER, Kind PC. Sustained correction of associative learning deficits after brief, early treatment in a rat model of Fragile X Syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/494/eaao0498. [PMID: 31142675 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common monogenic forms of autism and intellectual disability. Preclinical studies in animal models have highlighted the potential of pharmaceutical intervention strategies for alleviating the symptoms of FXS. However, whether treatment strategies can be tailored to developmental time windows that define the emergence of particular phenotypes is unknown. Similarly, whether a brief, early intervention can have long-lasting beneficial effects, even after treatment cessation, is also unknown. To address these questions, we first examined the developmental profile for the acquisition of associative learning in a rat model of FXS. Associative memory was tested using a range of behavioral paradigms that rely on an animal's innate tendency to explore novelty. Fmr1 knockout (KO) rats showed a developmental delay in their acquisition of object-place recognition and did not demonstrate object-place-context recognition paradigm at any age tested (up to 23 weeks of age). Treatment of Fmr1 KO rats with lovastatin between 5 and 9 weeks of age, during the normal developmental period that this associative memory capability is established, prevents the emergence of deficits but has no effect in wild-type animals. Moreover, we observe no regression of cognitive performance in the FXS rats over several months after treatment. This restoration of the normal developmental trajectory of cognitive function is associated with the sustained rescue of both synaptic plasticity and altered protein synthesis. The findings provide proof of concept that the impaired emergence of the cognitive repertoire in neurodevelopmental disorders may be prevented by brief, early pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Asiminas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam D Jackson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Susana R Louros
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sally M Till
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Teresa Spano
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at the Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mark F Bear
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at the Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Emily K Osterweil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Emma R Wood
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK. .,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK. .,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
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Woods NI, Stefanini F, Apodaca-Montano DL, Tan IMC, Biane JS, Kheirbek MA. The Dentate Gyrus Classifies Cortical Representations of Learned Stimuli. Neuron 2020; 107:173-184.e6. [PMID: 32359400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Animals must discern important stimuli and place them onto their cognitive map of their environment. The neocortex conveys general representations of sensory events to the hippocampus, and the hippocampus is thought to classify and sharpen the distinctions between these events. We recorded populations of dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs) and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) neurons across days to understand how sensory representations are modified by experience. We found representations of odors in DG GCs that required synaptic input from the LEC. Odor classification accuracy in DG GCs correlated with future behavioral discrimination. In associative learning, DG GCs, more so than LEC neurons, changed their responses to odor stimuli, increasing the distance in neural representations between stimuli, responding more to the conditioned and less to the unconditioned odorant. Thus, with learning, DG GCs amplify the decodability of cortical representations of important stimuli, which may facilitate information storage to guide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas I Woods
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fabio Stefanini
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Isabelle M C Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy S Biane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mazen A Kheirbek
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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47
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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48
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Barker GRI, Warburton EC. Multi-level analyses of associative recognition memory: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020; 32:80-87. [PMID: 32617383 PMCID: PMC7323598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Associative recognition memory depends on the integration of information concerning an item and the spatio-temporal context in which it was encountered. Such an integration depends on dynamic interactions across a brain-wide memory network. Here we discuss evidence from multiple levels of analysis, behavioural, cellular and synaptic which demonstrating the existence of multiple overlapping, subnetworks embedded within these large-scale networks. Recent advances have revealed that of these subnetworks, a distinct hippocampal-prefrontal networks are engaged by different representations (object-spatial or object temporal). Other subnetworks are recruited by distinct processing demands, such as encoding and retrieval which are supported by distinct cellular and synaptic processes. One challenge to multi-level investigations of memory continues to be that conclusions are drawn from correlations of effects rather than from direct evidence of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth RI Barker
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology andNeuroscience University of Bristol University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Clea Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology andNeuroscience University of Bristol University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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49
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Accorroni A, Rutigliano G, Sabatini M, Frascarelli S, Borsò M, Novelli E, Bandini L, Ghelardoni S, Saba A, Zucchi R, Origlia N. Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine Rescues the Entorhinal Cortex from β-Amyloid Toxicity. Thyroid 2020; 30:147-160. [PMID: 31709926 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: A novel form of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is represented by 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), an endogenous TH derivative that interacts with specific molecular targets, including trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), and induces pro-learning and anti-amnestic effects in mice. Dysregulation of TH signaling has long been hypothesized to play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present investigation, we explored the neuroprotective role of T1AM in beta amyloid (Aβ)-induced synaptic and behavioral impairment, focusing on the entorhinal cortex (EC), an area that is affected early by AD pathology. Methods: Field potentials were evoked in EC layer II, and long-term potentiation (LTP) was elicited by high frequency stimulation (HFS). T1AM (5 μM) and/or Aβ(1-42) (200 nM), were administered for 10 minutes, starting 5 minutes before HFS. Selective TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 (250 nM) and TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB (5 nM) were also used. The electrophysiological experiments were repeated in EC-slices taken from a mouse model of AD (mutant human amyloid precursor protein [mhAPP], J20 line). We also assessed the in vivo effects of T1AM on EC-dependent associative memory deficits, which were detected in mhAPP mice by behavioral evaluations based on the novel-object recognition paradigm. TAAR1 expression was determined by Western blot, whereas T1AM and its metabolite 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results: We demonstrate the presence of endogenous T1AM and TAAR1 in the EC of wild-type and mhAPP mice. Exposure to Aβ(1-42) inhibited LTP, and T1AM perfusion (at a concentration of 5 μM, leading to an actual concentration in the perfusion buffer ranging from 44 to 298 nM) restored it, whereas equimolar amounts of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and TA1 were ineffective. The response to T1AM was abolished by the TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB, whereas it was mimicked by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017. In the EC of APPJ20 mice, LTP could not be elicited, but it was rescued by T1AM. The intra-cerebro-ventricular administration of T1AM (0.89 μg/kg) also restored recognition memory that was impaired in mhAPP mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that T1AM and TAAR1 are part of an endogenous system that can be modulated to prevent synaptic and behavioral deficits associated with Aβ-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Accorroni
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Borsò
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Novelli
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Origlia
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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50
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Vandrey B, Garden DLF, Ambrozova V, McClure C, Nolan MF, Ainge JA. Fan Cells in Layer 2 of the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Are Critical for Episodic-like Memory. Curr Biol 2019; 30:169-175.e5. [PMID: 31839450 PMCID: PMC6947484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory requires different types of information to be bound together to generate representations of experiences. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and hippocampus are required for episodic-like memory in rodents [1, 2]. The LEC is critical for integrating spatial and contextual information about objects [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Further, LEC neurons encode objects in the environment and the locations where objects were previously experienced and generate representations of time during the encoding and retrieval of episodes [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. However, it remains unclear how specific populations of cells within the LEC contribute to the integration of episodic memory components. Layer 2 (L2) of LEC manifests early pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related animal models [13, 14, 15, 16]. Projections to the hippocampus from L2 of LEC arise from fan cells in a superficial sub-layer (L2a) that are immunoreactive for reelin and project to the dentate gyrus [17, 18]. Here, we establish an approach for selectively targeting fan cells using Sim1:Cre mice. Whereas complete lesions of the LEC were previously found to abolish associative recognition memory [2, 3], we report that, after selective suppression of synaptic output from fan cells, mice can discriminate novel object-context configurations but are impaired in recognition of novel object-place-context associations. Our results suggest that memory functions are segregated between distinct LEC networks. Sim1:Cre mice provide access to DG-projecting fan cells in lateral entorhinal cortex Fan cells are not required for novel object or object-context recognition Fan cells are required to discriminate novel object-place-context configurations Episodic-like memory impairment is correlated with extent of fan-cell inactivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Vandrey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XE, Scotland; School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, Scotland
| | - Derek L F Garden
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XE, Scotland
| | - Veronika Ambrozova
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, Scotland
| | - Christina McClure
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XE, Scotland
| | - Matthew F Nolan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XE, Scotland.
| | - James A Ainge
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, Scotland.
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