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Dudarev V, Wardell V, Enns JT, Kerns CM, Palombo DJ. Social cues tip the scales in emotional processing of complex pictures. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s00426-024-02022-y. [PMID: 39167127 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Perception of a picture is influenced by the social information and emotional value it carries for the viewer. There are still many unanswered questions about how social and emotional processing are related, but it is clear they involve overlapping brain areas and are cognitively interconnected. Yet studies of emotion processing using standardized picture datasets typically leave the social content in the pictures free to vary. In a few studies where the social content has been measured, it correlated with emotional arousal and valence. Here we tested the association between social and emotional content orthogonally, by selecting a similar number of pictures in four categories varying in presence of nonverbal social cues (e.g., gestures, facial expression, body language) and emotional content (neutral, negative). Across two studies, participants (N = 698 in total) provided three ratings for each picture: social relevance (defined as the self-reported use of social cues to understand the picture), valence, and arousal. Despite our best effort to balance the presence of social cues between negative and neutral pictures, ratings of social relevance were strongly associated with ratings of arousal and, to a lesser extent, with valence. These findings likely reflect the intertwined nature of social and emotional processing, which has implications for the neurobiology underlying them, how these systems develop, and how picture databases are used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dudarev
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James T Enns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Connor M Kerns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Chang WL, Hen R. Adult Neurogenesis, Context Encoding, and Pattern Separation: A Pathway for Treating Overgeneralization. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:163-193. [PMID: 39008016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of two brain regions (with the subventricular zone of the olfactory bulb) that continues to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, a phenomenon known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) (Eriksson et al., Nat Med 4:1313-1317, 1998; García-Verdugo et al., J Neurobiol 36:234-248, 1998). The integration of these new neurons into the dentate gyrus (DG) has implications for memory encoding, with unique firing and wiring properties of immature neurons that affect how the hippocampal network encodes and stores attributes of memory. In this chapter, we will describe the process of AHN and properties of adult-born cells as they integrate into the hippocampal circuit and mature. Then, we will discuss some methodological considerations before we review evidence for the role of AHN in two major processes supporting memory that are performed by the DG. First, we will discuss encoding of contextual information for episodic memories and how this is facilitated by AHN. Second, will discuss pattern separation, a major role of the DG that reduces interference for the formation of new memories. Finally, we will review clinical and translational considerations, suggesting that stimulation of AHN may help decrease overgeneralization-a common endophenotype of mood, anxiety, trauma-related, and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Chang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Chen B, Yang M, Liu M, Wang Q, Zhou H, Zhang M, Hou L, Wu Z, Zhang S, Lin G, Zhong X, Ning Y. Differences in olfactory functional connectivity in early-onset depression and late-onset depression. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad030. [PMID: 38666125 PMCID: PMC10917377 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Late-onset depression (LOD) and early-onset depression (EOD) exhibit different pathological mechanisms and clinical phenotypes, including different extents of olfactory dysfunction. However, the brain abnormalities underlying the differences in olfactory dysfunction between EOD and LOD remain unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the functional connectivity (FC) patterns of olfactory regions between EOD patients and LOD patients and examine their relationship with cognitive function. Methods One hundred and five patients with EOD, 101 patients with LOD and 160 normal controls (NCs) were recruited for the present study. Participants underwent clinical assessment, olfactory testing, cognitive assessments, and magnetic resonance imaging. Eight regions of the primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected to investigate olfactory FC. Results Patients with LOD exhibited decreased odor identification (OI) compared with patients with EOD and NCs. The LOD group exhibited decreased FC compared with the EOD and NC groups when primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected as the regions of interest (the piriform cortex, lateral entorhinal cortex, and orbital-frontal cortex). Additionally, these abnormal olfactory FCs were associated with decreased cognitive function scores and OI, and the FC between the left orbital-frontal cortex and left amygdala was a partial mediator of the relationship between global cognitive scores and OI. Conclusion Overall, patients with LOD exhibited decreased FC in both the primary and secondary olfactory cortices compared with patients with EOD, and abnormal olfactory FC was associated with OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The FC between the orbital-frontal cortex and amygdala mediated the relationship between global cognitive function and OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Le Hou
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Gaohong Lin
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
- The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
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Hayes BK, Harikumar A, Ferguson LA, Dicker EE, Denny BT, Leal SL. Emotion regulation during encoding reduces negative and enhances neutral mnemonic discrimination in individuals with depressive symptoms. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107824. [PMID: 37673391 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with depression exhibit dysfunctional emotion regulation, general episodic memory deficits, and a negativity bias, where negative experiences are better remembered. Recent work suggests that the negativity bias in depression may be driven by enhanced mnemonic discrimination, a memory measure that relies on hippocampal pattern separation - a computation that processes experiences with overlapping features as unique. Previously, we found that individuals with depressive symptoms show enhanced negative and impaired neutral mnemonic discrimination. The current study aimed to investigate emotion regulation as an approach toward modifying memory encoding of negative and neutral events in individuals with depressive symptoms. Here we show that applying psychological distancing (a cognitive reappraisal strategy characterized by taking a third-person perspective toward negative events) during encoding was associated with reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination during retrieval in individuals with depressive symptoms. These results suggest that applying emotion regulation techniques during encoding may provide an effective approach toward altering dysfunctional memory in those with depressive symptoms. Given that pharmacological treatments often fail to treat depression, emotion regulation provides a powerful and practical approach toward modifying cognitive and emotional processes. Future neuroimaging studies will be important to determine how emotion regulation impacts the neural mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Hayes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Amritha Harikumar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Lorena A Ferguson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Eva E Dicker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Bryan T Denny
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Stephanie L Leal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005, United States.
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Mannion R, Harikumar A, Morales-Calva F, Leal SL. A novel face-name mnemonic discrimination task with naturalistic stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108678. [PMID: 37661039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty remembering faces and names is a common struggle for many people and gets more difficult as we age. Subtle changes in appearance from day to day, common facial characteristics across individuals, and overlap of names may contribute to the difficulty of learning face-name associations. Computational models suggest the hippocampus plays a key role in reducing interference across experiences with overlapping information by performing pattern separation, which enables us to encode similar experiences as distinct from one another. Thus, given the nature of overlapping features within face-name associative memory, hippocampal pattern separation may be an important underlying mechanism supporting this type of memory. Furthermore, cross-species approaches find that aging is associated with deficits in hippocampal pattern separation. Mnemonic discrimination tasks have been designed to tax hippocampal pattern separation and provide a more sensitive measure of age-related cognitive decline compared to traditional memory tasks. However, traditional face-name associative memory tasks do not parametrically vary overlapping features of faces and names to tax hippocampal pattern separation and often lack naturalistic facial features (e.g., hair, accessories, similarity of features, emotional expressions). Here, we developed a face-name mnemonic discrimination task where we varied face stimuli by similarity, race, sex, and emotional expression as well as the similarity of name stimuli. We tested a sample of healthy young and older adults on this task and found that both age groups showed worsening performance as face-name interference increased. Overall, older adults struggled to remember faces and face-name pairs more than young adults. However, while young adults remembered emotional faces better than neutral faces, older adults selectively remembered positive faces. Thus, the use of a face-name association memory task designed with varying levels of face-name interference as well as the inclusion of naturalistic face stimuli across race, sex, and emotional expressions provides a more nuanced approach relative to traditional face-name association tasks toward understanding age-related changes in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Mannion
- Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Amritha Harikumar
- Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | | | - Stephanie L Leal
- Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Phillips TO, Castro M, Vas RK, Ferguson LA, Harikumar A, Leal SL. Perceived antidepressant efficacy associated with reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1225836. [PMID: 37701502 PMCID: PMC10494429 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1225836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While antidepressants are one of the first-line treatments for depression, the mechanisms underlying antidepressant action are unclear. Furthermore, the extent to which antidepressants impact emotional and cognitive dysfunction in depression requires more fine-grained approaches toward measuring these impacts in humans. Depression is associated with emotion and mood dysregulation in addition to cognitive deficits. Depressed individuals experience general memory impairment as well as a negativity bias in episodic memory, where negative events are better remembered than positive or neutral events. One potential mechanism hypothesized to underlie the negativity bias in memory is dysfunctional hippocampal pattern separation, in which depressed individuals tend to show impaired general pattern separation but enhanced negative pattern separation. Mnemonic discrimination tasks have been designed to tax hippocampal pattern separation in humans and provide a powerful approach to develop a mechanistic account for cognitive dysfunction in depression. While antidepressants have been examined primarily in rodent models in the context of hippocampal pattern separation, this has yet to be examined in humans. Methods Here, we investigated how antidepressant usage and their perceived efficacy was associated with emotional mnemonic discrimination, given our prior work indicating a negativity bias for mnemonic discrimination in individuals with greater depressive symptoms. Results We found that individuals who reported a greater improvement in their depressive symptoms after taking antidepressants (responders) showed reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination compared to those with little to no improvement (non-responders). Perceived antidepressant efficacy was the strongest predictor of a reduction in the negativity bias for mnemonic discrimination, even when controlling for current depressive symptoms, antidepressant type, and other relevant factors. Discussion These results suggest that antidepressants, when effective, can shift memory dynamics toward healthy function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie L. Leal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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Balasubramani PP, Diaz-Delgado J, Grennan G, Alim F, Zafar-Khan M, Maric V, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Distinct neural activations correlate with maximization of reward magnitude versus frequency. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6038-6050. [PMID: 36573422 PMCID: PMC10422923 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Choice selection strategies and decision-making are typically investigated using multiple-choice gambling paradigms that require participants to maximize expected value of rewards. However, research shows that performance in such paradigms suffers from individual biases towards the frequency of gains such that users often choose smaller frequent gains over larger rarely occurring gains, also referred to as melioration. To understand the basis of this subjective tradeoff, we used a simple 2-choice reward task paradigm in 186 healthy human adult subjects sampled across the adult lifespan. Cortical source reconstruction of simultaneously recorded electroencephalography suggested distinct neural correlates for maximizing reward magnitude versus frequency. We found that activations in the parahippocampal and entorhinal areas, which are typically linked to memory function, specifically correlated with maximization of reward magnitude. In contrast, maximization of reward frequency was correlated with activations in the lateral orbitofrontal cortices and operculum, typical areas involved in reward processing. These findings reveal distinct neural processes serving reward frequency versus magnitude maximization that can have clinical translational utility to optimize decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Juan Diaz-Delgado
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gillian Grennan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fahad Alim
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mariam Zafar-Khan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vojislav Maric
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Thams F, Brassen S. The need to change: Is there a critical role of midlife adaptation in mental health later in life? eLife 2023; 12:82390. [PMID: 37141113 PMCID: PMC10159621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although late-life depression (LLD) is a serious health problem and more common than dementia in people over 60, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The cognitive-emotional etiology of LLD is particularly poorly understood. This is in contrast to the now extensive literature from psychology and cognitive neuroscience on the characteristics of emotionally healthy aging. This research consistently shows a change in emotional processing in older adults that is modulated by prefrontal regulation. Lifespan theories explain this change in terms of neurocognitive adaptation to limited opportunities and resources that typically occur in the second half of life. Epidemiological data on an increase in well-being after a low point around age 50 suggest that the majority of people seem quite capable of making this adaptation, even though empirical evidence for a causal modulation of this so called 'paradox of aging' and for the role of the midlife dip is still lacking. Intriguingly, LLD is associated with deficits in emotional, cognitive, and prefrontal functions similar to those shown to be crucial for healthy adaptation. Suspected causes of these deficits, such as white matter lesions or affective instability, become apparent as early as midlife when internal and external changes as well as daily challenges set in. Based on these findings, we propose that some individuals who develop depression at older ages may not have been able to successfully implement self-regulatory adaptation at midlife. Here, we review the current evidence and theories on successful aging, the neurobiology of LLD, and well-being across the lifespan. Drawing on recent advances in lifespan theories, emotion regulation research, and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a model of successful versus unsuccessful adaptation that emphasizes the increasing need for implicit habitual control and resource-based regulatory choice during midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Thams
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Yoshida K, Hata Y, Ichimata S, Okada K, Nishida N. Argyrophilic grain disease is common in older adults and may be a risk factor for suicide: a study of Japanese forensic autopsy cases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 37004112 PMCID: PMC10067165 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathological diagnosis of argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is currently based primarily on the combination of argyrophilic grain (AG) visualized using Gallyas-Braak silver staining, phosphorylated tau-positive pretangles, coiled bodies, and ballooned neuron detection. Although AGD is common in patients with dementia and/or prominent psychiatric symptoms, whether it is a distinct neurological disease entity or a by-product of the aging process remains unclear. METHODS In 1449 serial forensic autopsy cases > 40 years old (823 males and 525 females, aged 40-101 years, mean age 70.0 ± 14.1 years), we examined the frequency and comorbid pathology of AGD cases and investigated the clinical appearance by comparing those with non-AGD cases using the propensity score. RESULTS Of the 1449 cases, we detected 342 AGD cases (23.6%; mean age 79.7 years; 177 males and 165 females). The AGD frequency and stage increased with age (P < 0.001). Among AGD cases, 80 (23.4%) patients had dementia, and 51 (15.2%) had a history of psychiatric hospital visits. The frequency of suicide and history of psychiatric disorders were significantly higher in AGD cases than in AGD-negative cases, matched for age, sex, and comorbidity pathology, with a relative risk of suicide of 1.72 (1.30-2.26). The frequency of suicide was significantly higher in AGD cases than in non-AGD cases in female but not male cases. The relative risk of suicide increased to 2.27 (1.20-4.30) and 6.50 (1.58-26.76) in AGD patients with Lewy and progressive supranuclear palsy pathology, respectively, and decreased to 0.88 (0.38-2.10) in those with advanced AD pathology. In AGD cases, 23.4% had dementia; however, the difference was not significant after controlling for age, sex, and comorbid pathology. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that AGD is a significant and isolated risk factor for psychiatric hospital visits and suicide completion. In older adults, AGs may contribute to the progression of functional impairment of the limbic system, which leads to psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shojiro Ichimata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keitaro Okada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Li Y, Chu T, Liu Y, Zhang H, Dong F, Gai Q, Shi Y, Ma H, Zhao F, Che K, Mao N, Xie H. Classification of major depression disorder via using minimum spanning tree of individual high-order morphological brain network. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:10-20. [PMID: 36403803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an overbroad and heterogeneous diagnosis with no reliable or quantifiable markers. We aim to combine machine-learning techniques with the individual minimum spanning tree of the morphological brain network (MST-MBN) to determine whether the network properties can provide neuroimaging biomarkers to identify patients with MDD. METHOD Eight morphometric features of each region of interest (ROI) were extracted from 3D T1 structural images of 106 patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls. Six feature distances of the eight morphometric features were calculated to generate a feature distance matrix, which was defined as low-order MBN. Further linear correlations of feature distances between ROIs were calculated on the basis of low-order MBN to generate individual high-order MBN. The Kruskal's algorithm was used to generate the MST to obtain the core framework of individual low-order and high-order MBN. The regional and global properties of the individual MSTs were defined as the feature. The support vector machine and back-propagation neural network was used to diagnose MDD and assess its severity, respectively. RESULT The low-order and high-order MST-MBN constructed by cityblock distance had the excellent classification performance. The high-order MST-MBN significantly improved almost 20 % diagnostic accuracy compared with the low-order MST-MBN, and had a maximum R2 value of 0.939 between the predictive and true Hamilton Depression Scale score. The different group-level connectivity strength mainly involves the central executive network and default mode network (no statistical significance after FDR correction). CONCLUSION We proposed an innovative individual high-order MST-MBN to capture the cortical high-order morphological correlation and make an excellent performance for individualized diagnosis and assessment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Tongpeng Chu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Big data & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Haicheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Big data & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Fanghui Dong
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Qun Gai
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Compute Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Kaili Che
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Big data & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
| | - Haizhu Xie
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
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Renner J, Rasia-Filho AA. Morphological Features of Human Dendritic Spines. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:367-496. [PMID: 37962801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spine features in human neurons follow the up-to-date knowledge presented in the previous chapters of this book. Human dendrites are notable for their heterogeneity in branching patterns and spatial distribution. These data relate to circuits and specialized functions. Spines enhance neuronal connectivity, modulate and integrate synaptic inputs, and provide additional plastic functions to microcircuits and large-scale networks. Spines present a continuum of shapes and sizes, whose number and distribution along the dendritic length are diverse in neurons and different areas. Indeed, human neurons vary from aspiny or "relatively aspiny" cells to neurons covered with a high density of intermingled pleomorphic spines on very long dendrites. In this chapter, we discuss the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of human spines and describe the heterogeneous features of human spiny neurons along the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampal regions, and neocortical areas. Three-dimensional reconstructions of Golgi-impregnated dendritic spines and data from fluorescence microscopy are reviewed with ultrastructural findings to address the complex possibilities for synaptic processing and integration in humans. Pathological changes are also presented, for example, in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Basic morphological data can be linked to current techniques, and perspectives in this research field include the characterization of spines in human neurons with specific transcriptome features, molecular classification of cellular diversity, and electrophysiological identification of coexisting subpopulations of cells. These data would enlighten how cellular attributes determine neuron type-specific connectivity and brain wiring for our diverse aptitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Renner
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Rasia-Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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Ferguson LA, Leal SL. Interactions of Emotion and Memory in the Aging Brain: Neural and Psychological Correlates. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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James TA, Weiss-Cowie S, Hopton Z, Verhaeghen P, Dotson VM, Duarte A. Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull 2021; 147:1184-1214. [PMID: 35238585 PMCID: PMC9464351 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits have increasingly been recognized as a cognitive feature of depression. To quantify these deficits and determine how they are moderated by various tasks (e.g., stimulus valence) and participant (e.g., age, depression diagnosis) variables, we conducted a three-level meta-analysis on 995 effect sizes derived from 205 studies with 236 unique comparisons between depressive and control groups on episodic memory measures. Overall, depression was associated with small to moderate deficits in episodic memory, Hedges' g = -0.36, 95% CI [-0.41 to -0.31]. Effects were larger in older age, in diagnosed compared to subthreshold depression, and in those taking medication for depression; effects did not differ between those with current and remitted symptoms. Stimulus valence moderated the effects, such that depression-related deficits were particularly pronounced for positive and neutral stimuli, but not for negative stimuli. Educational attainment served as a sort of protective factor, in that at higher levels of education, depressed group performance was more similar to that of controls. These findings confirm the episodic memory deficits in depression but highlight the important differences in the size of these deficits across a number of task- and participant-related variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
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14
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Kim IB, Park SC. The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
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15
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Piras F, Banaj N, Porcari DE, Piras F, Spalletta G. Later life depression as risk factor for developing dementia: epidemiological evidence, predictive models, preventive strategies and future trends. Minerva Med 2021; 112:456-466. [PMID: 34056888 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Current investigations in pre-symptomatic dementia have suggested that depressive mood, a treatable condition, may play an important role in the development of the disorder. However, whether depression in adulthood constitute a risk factor, or a prodrome of dementia remains unclear. A major implication in such dispute is the analytic framework used to identify putative risk factors. Indeed, if evaluated in the years immediately prior to dementia diagnosis the association between depression and dementia may reflect depressive symptoms as a prodrome of yet-undiagnosed dementia. Unfortunately, long term prospective cohort investigations, reaching back into the preclinical phase of dementia are sparse. Here, we have surveyed high-quality evidence (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) on the association between depressive symptoms and increased odds of dementia. Meta-analytic findings are also presented and discussed regarding depression as a prodromal stage of dementia, or a consequence of underlying neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, the potential confounding effect of several variables on the risk association between depression and dementia, an aspect hardly investigated, is discussed. While early onset late-life depression - defined as starting before 60 years of age - increases the odds of developing dementia in predisposed subjects, late-onset depression appears to be a prodrome and a clear accelerating factor for cognitive deterioration. Since it is increasingly important to consider the potential of preemptive approaches to decrease the impact of dementia, evidence on potentially effective preventive strategies targeting depression as a risk factor, and next steps in further research are presented as concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Desirée E Porcari
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy - .,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Magaraggia I, Kuiperes Z, Schreiber R. Improving cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder with psychedelics: A dimensional approach. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107467. [PMID: 34048913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The high symptomatic and biological heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) makes it very difficult to find broadly efficacious treatments that work against all symptoms. Concentrating on single core symptoms that are biologically well understood might consist of a more viable approach. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework is a trans-diagnostic dimensional approach that focuses on symptoms and their underlying neurobiology. Evidence is accumulating that psychedelics may possess antidepressant activity, and this can potentially be explained through a multi-level (psychobiological, circuitry, (sub)cellular and molecular) analysis of the cognitive systems RDoC domain. Cognitive deficits, such as negative emotional processing and negativity bias, often lead to depressive rumination. Psychedelics can increase long-term cognitive flexibility, leading to normalization of negativity bias and reduction in rumination. We propose a theoretical model that explains how psychedelics can reduce the negativity bias in depressed patients. At the psychobiological level, we hypothesize that the negativity bias in MDD is due to impaired pattern separation and that psychedelics such as psilocybin help in depression because they enhance pattern separation and hence reduce negativity bias. Pattern separation is a mnemonic process that relies on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, where similar inputs are made more distinct, which is essential for optimal encoding of contextual information. Impairment in this process may underlie the negative cognitive bias in MDD by, for example, increased pattern separation of cues with a negative valence that can lead to excessive deliberation on aversive outcomes. On the (sub) cellular level, psychedelics stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis as well as synaptogenesis, spinogenesis and dendritogenesis in the prefrontal cortex. Together, these effects help restoring resilience to chronic stress and lead to modulation of the major connectivity hubs of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Based on these observations, we propose a new translational framework to guide the development of a novel generation of therapeutics to treat the cognitive symptoms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Magaraggia
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zilla Kuiperes
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), the Netherlands
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Ding SL, Yao Z, Hirokawa KE, Nguyen TN, Graybuck LT, Fong O, Bohn P, Ngo K, Smith KA, Koch C, Phillips JW, Lein ES, Harris JA, Tasic B, Zeng H. Distinct Transcriptomic Cell Types and Neural Circuits of the Subiculum and Prosubiculum along the Dorsal-Ventral Axis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107648. [PMID: 32433957 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Subicular regions play important roles in spatial processing and many cognitive functions, and these are mainly attributed to the subiculum (Sub) rather than the prosubiculum (PS). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify 27 transcriptomic cell types residing in sub-domains of the Sub and PS. Based on in situ expression of reliable transcriptomic markers, the precise boundaries of the Sub and PS are consistently defined along the dorsoventral axis. Using these borders to evaluate Cre-line specificity and tracer injections, we find bona fide Sub projections topographically to structures important for spatial processing and navigation. In contrast, the PS sends its outputs to widespread brain regions crucial for motivation, emotion, reward, stress, anxiety, and fear. The Sub and PS, respectively, dominate dorsal and ventral subicular regions and receive different afferents. These results reveal two molecularly and anatomically distinct circuits centered in the Sub and PS, respectively, providing a consistent explanation for historical data and a clearer foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Phillip Bohn
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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18
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Wang J, Tang J, Liang X, Luo Y, Zhu P, Li Y, Xiao K, Jiang L, Yang H, Xie Y, Zhang L, Deng Y, Li J, Tang Y. Hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant effects of running exercise. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 33859158 PMCID: PMC8050070 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Running exercise was shown to have a positive effect on depressive-like symptoms in many studies, but the underlying mechanism of running exercise in the treatment of depression has not been determined. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+ interneurons), a main subtype of GABA neurons, were shown to be decreased in the brain during the depression. PGC-1α, a molecule that is strongly related to running exercise, was shown to regulate PV+ interneurons. In the present study, we found that running exercise increased the expression of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of depressed mice. Adult male mice with PGC-1α gene silencing in the hippocampus ran on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behavior was evaluated by the behavioral tests, and the PV+ interneurons in the hippocampus were investigated. We found that running exercise could not improve depressive-like symptoms or increase the gene expression of PV because of the lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus. Moreover, a lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus decreased the number and activity of PV+ interneurons in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, and running exercise could not reverse the pathological changes because of the lack of PGC-1α. The present study demonstrated that running exercise regulates PV+ interneurons through PGC-1α in the hippocampus of mice to reverse depressive-like behaviors. These data indicated that hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant actions of running exercise. Our results will help elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of running exercise and identify new targets for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peilin Zhu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Deng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Rasia-Filho AA, Guerra KTK, Vásquez CE, Dall’Oglio A, Reberger R, Jung CR, Calcagnotto ME. The Subcortical-Allocortical- Neocortical continuum for the Emergence and Morphological Heterogeneity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Brain. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:616607. [PMID: 33776739 PMCID: PMC7991104 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.616607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cortical and subcortical areas integrate emotion, memory, and cognition when interpreting various environmental stimuli for the elaboration of complex, evolved social behaviors. Pyramidal neurons occur in developed phylogenetic areas advancing along with the allocortex to represent 70-85% of the neocortical gray matter. Here, we illustrate and discuss morphological features of heterogeneous spiny pyramidal neurons emerging from specific amygdaloid nuclei, in CA3 and CA1 hippocampal regions, and in neocortical layers II/III and V of the anterolateral temporal lobe in humans. Three-dimensional images of Golgi-impregnated neurons were obtained using an algorithm for the visualization of the cell body, dendritic length, branching pattern, and pleomorphic dendritic spines, which are specialized plastic postsynaptic units for most excitatory inputs. We demonstrate the emergence and development of human pyramidal neurons in the cortical and basomedial (but not the medial, MeA) nuclei of the amygdala with cells showing a triangular cell body shape, basal branched dendrites, and a short apical shaft with proximal ramifications as "pyramidal-like" neurons. Basomedial neurons also have a long and distally ramified apical dendrite not oriented to the pial surface. These neurons are at the beginning of the allocortex and the limbic lobe. "Pyramidal-like" to "classic" pyramidal neurons with laminar organization advance from the CA3 to the CA1 hippocampal regions. These cells have basal and apical dendrites with specific receptive synaptic domains and several spines. Neocortical pyramidal neurons in layers II/III and V display heterogeneous dendritic branching patterns adapted to the space available and the afferent inputs of each brain area. Dendritic spines vary in their distribution, density, shapes, and sizes (classified as stubby/wide, thin, mushroom-like, ramified, transitional forms, "atypical" or complex forms, such as thorny excrescences in the MeA and CA3 hippocampal region). Spines were found isolated or intermingled, with evident particularities (e.g., an extraordinary density in long, deep CA1 pyramidal neurons), and some showing a spinule. We describe spiny pyramidal neurons considerably improving the connectional and processing complexity of the brain circuits. On the other hand, these cells have some vulnerabilities, as found in neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Rasia-Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kétlyn T. Knak Guerra
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Escobar Vásquez
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Dall’Oglio
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roman Reberger
- Medical Engineering Program, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cláudio R. Jung
- Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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McCorkle TA, Barson JR, Raghupathi R. A Role for the Amygdala in Impairments of Affective Behaviors Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:601275. [PMID: 33746719 PMCID: PMC7969709 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.601275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in chronic affective disorders such as depression, anxiety, and fear that persist up to years following injury and significantly impair the quality of life for patients. Although a great deal of research has contributed to defining symptoms of mild TBI, there are no adequate drug therapies for brain-injured individuals. Preclinical studies have modeled these deficits in affective behaviors post-injury to understand the underlying mechanisms with a view to developing appropriate treatment strategies. These studies have also unveiled sex differences that contribute to the varying phenotypes associated with each behavior. Although clinical and preclinical studies have viewed these behavioral deficits as separate entities with unique neurobiological mechanisms, mechanistic similarities suggest that a novel approach is needed to advance research on drug therapy. This review will discuss the circuitry involved in the expression of deficits in affective behaviors following mild TBI in humans and animals and provide evidence that the manifestation of impairment in these behaviors stems from an amygdala-dependent emotional processing deficit. It will highlight mechanistic similarities between these different types of affective behaviors that can potentially advance mild TBI drug therapy by investigating treatments for the deficits in affective behaviors as one entity, requiring the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. McCorkle
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Barson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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21
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Kim IB, Park SC. Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
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22
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Associations of the Rate of Change in Geriatric Depression Scale with Amyloid and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:77-84. [PMID: 33202341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is considered a psychological risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to examine the differential associations of depression severity with cognitive decline, clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, and neuroimaging markers of AD in cognitively normal older adults. METHODS A total of 522 cognitively normal (CN) participants who underwent assessments for depression (longitudinal geriatric depression scale [GDS] ) and cognitive assessments were included from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the rate of change in GDS with amyloid-β (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), tau-PET, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET were explored. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of clinical progression and Aβ accumulation were plotted based on mean annual changes in GDS. Mediation analyses were utilized to explore the mediation effects of AD markers. RESULTS Higher rate of increase in GDS was associated with faster cognitive decline and higher risk of progression to MCI or AD. Moreover, the rate of change in GDS was significantly associated with Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism. The influences of the rate of change in GDS on cognition and clinical progression were partially mediated by Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism. LIMITATIONS GDS is a self-reported questionnaire and not the same as a clinical diagnosis of depression. CONCLUSIONS The cognitive and clinical consequences of changes in depressive symptoms partly stem from Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism, which increases our understanding of how depressive symptoms may increase vulnerability to dementia.
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23
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Lai CH. Task MRI-Based Functional Brain Network of Major Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:19-33. [PMID: 33834392 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter will focus on task magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understand the biological mechanisms and pathophysiology of brain in major depressive disorder (MDD), which would have minor alterations in the brain function. Therefore, the functional study, such as task MRI functional connectivity, would play a crucial role to explore the brain function in MDD. Different kinds of tasks would determine the alterations in functional connectivity in task MRI studies of MDD. The emotion-related tasks are linked with alterations in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and default mode network. The emotional memory task is linked with amygdala-hippocampus alterations. The reward-related task would be related to the reward circuit alterations, such as fronto-straital. The cognitive-related tasks would be associated with frontal-related functional connectivity alterations, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and other frontal regions. The visuo-sensory characteristics of tasks might be associated with the parieto-occipital alterations. The frontolimbic regions might be major components of task MRI-based functional connectivity in MDD. However, different scenarios and tasks would influence the representations of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Psychiatry & Neuroscience Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Grzenda A, Speier W, Siddarth P, Pant A, Krause-Sorio B, Narr K, Lavretsky H. Machine Learning Prediction of Treatment Outcome in Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:738494. [PMID: 34744829 PMCID: PMC8563624 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.738494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that integration of multi-modal data improves performance in machine learning prediction of depression treatment outcomes. Here, we compared the predictive performance of three machine learning classifiers using differing combinations of sociodemographic characteristics, baseline clinical self-reports, cognitive tests, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to predict treatment outcomes in late-life depression (LLD). Methods: Data were combined from two clinical trials conducted with depressed adults aged 60 and older, including response to escitalopram (N = 32, NCT01902004) and Tai Chi (N = 35, NCT02460666). Remission was defined as a score of 6 or less on the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) at the end of 24 weeks of treatment. Features subsets were constructed from baseline sociodemographic and clinical features, gray matter volumes (GMVs), or both. Three classification algorithms were compared: (1) Support Vector Machine-Radial Bias Function (SVMRBF), (2) Random Forest (RF), and (3) Logistic Regression (LR). A repeated 5-fold cross-validation approach with a wrapper-based feature selection method was used for model fitting. Model performance metrics included Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Cross-validated performance significance was tested by permutation analysis. Classifiers were compared by Cochran's Q and post-hoc pairwise comparisons using McNemar's Chi-Square test with Bonferroni correction. Results: For the RF and SVMRBF algorithms, the combined feature set outperformed the clinical and GMV feature sets with a final cross-validated AUC of 0.83 ± 0.11 and 0.80 ± 0.11, respectively. Both classifiers passed permutation analysis. The LR algorithm performed best using GMV features alone (AUC 0.79 ± 0.14) but failed to pass permutation analysis using any feature set. Performance of the three classifiers differed significantly for all three features sets. Important predictive features of treatment response included anterior and posterior cingulate volumes, depression characteristics, and self-reported health-related quality scores. Conclusion: This preliminary exploration into the use of ML and multi-modal data to identify predictors of general treatment response in LLD indicates that integration of clinical and structural MRI features significantly increases predictive capability. Identified features are among those previously implicated in geriatric depression, encouraging future work in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Speier
- Medical Imaging and Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anurag Pant
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Narr
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Brouwer J, van den Berg F, Knooihuizen R, Loerts H, Keijzer M. Exploring Language Learning as a Potential Tool against Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Depression: Two Meta-Analyses and Suggestions for Future Research. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E132. [PMID: 32878051 PMCID: PMC7551097 DOI: 10.3390/bs10090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) affects about an eighth of community-dwelling seniors. LLD impacts well-being, with loneliness and small social networks being typical. It has also been linked to cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of developing dementia. Safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments for LLD have been debated, and cognitive dysfunction often persists even after remission. Various cognitive interventions have been proposed for LLD. Among these, one has received special attention: foreign language learning could serve as a social intervention that simultaneously targets brain structures affected in LLD. Lifelong bilingualism may significantly delay the onset of cognitive impairment symptoms by boosting cognitive reserve. Even late-life foreign language learning without lifelong bilingualism can train cognitive flexibility. It is then counterintuitive that the effects of language learning on LLD have never been examined. In order to create a theoretical basis for further interdisciplinary research, this paper presents a status quo of current work through two meta-analyses investigating cognitive functioning in LLD on the one hand and in senior bilinguals or seniors following a language course on the other hand. While LLD was consistently associated with cognitive dysfunction, inconsistent results were found for bilingualism and language learners. Possible reasons for this and suggestions for future research are subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Brouwer
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Floor van den Berg
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Remco Knooihuizen
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanneke Loerts
- Department of Minorities and Multilingualism, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Merel Keijzer
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
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26
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Treyer V, Gietl AF, Suliman H, Gruber E, Meyer R, Buchmann A, Johayem A, Unschuld PG, Nitsch RM, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Hock C. Reduced uptake of [11C]-ABP688, a PET tracer for metabolic glutamate receptor 5 in hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01632. [PMID: 32304284 PMCID: PMC7303388 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabotropic glutamate receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease due to their involvement in processes of memory formation, neuroplasticity, and synaptotoxity. The objective of the current study was to study mGluR5 availability measured by [11 C]-ABP688 (ABP) in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's dementia (AD). METHODS A bolus-infusion protocol of [11 C]-ABP688 was applied in 9 subjects with AD and 10 cognitively healthy controls (Controls) to derive distribution volume estimates of mGluR5. Furthermore, we also estimated cerebral perfusion by averaging early frame signal of initial ABP bolus injection. RESULTS Subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (mean age: 77.3/SD 5.7) were older than controls (mean age: 68.5/SD: 9.6) and scored lower on the MMSE (22.1/SD2.7 vs. 29.0/SD0.8). There were no overall differences in ABP signal. However, distribution volume ratio (DVR) for ABP was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus (AD: 1.34/SD: 0.40 vs. Control: 1.84/SD:0.31, p = .007) and the bilateral amygdala (AD:1.86/SD:0.26 vs. Control:2.33/SD:0.37 p = .006) in AD patients compared to controls. Estimate of cerebral blood flow was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus in AD (AD:0.75/SD:0.10 vs. Control:0.86/SD:0.09 p = .02). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate reduced mGluR5 binding in the hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Whether this is due to synaptic loss and/or consecutive reduction of potential binding sites or reflects disease inherent mechanisms remains to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Husam Suliman
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anass Johayem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
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27
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Quattrini G, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Aiello M, Bargalló N, Barkhof F, Bartres-Faz D, Beltramello A, Pizzini FB, Blin O, Bordet R, Caulo M, Constantinides M, Didic M, Drevelegas A, Ferretti A, Fiedler U, Floridi P, Gros-Dagnac H, Hensch T, Hoffmann KT, Kuijer JP, Lopes R, Marra C, Müller BW, Nobili F, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Picco A, Ranjeva JP, Roccatagliata L, Rossini PM, Salvatore M, Schonknecht P, Schott BH, Sein J, Soricelli A, Tarducci R, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Wiltfang J, Richardson JC, Frisoni GB, Marizzoni M. Amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields on MRI: Test-retest reliability of automated volumetry across different MRI sites and vendors. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116932. [PMID: 32416226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala and the hippocampus are two limbic structures that play a critical role in cognition and behavior, however their manual segmentation and that of their smaller nuclei/subfields in multicenter datasets is time consuming and difficult due to the low contrast of standard MRI. Here, we assessed the reliability of the automated segmentation of amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields across sites and vendors using FreeSurfer in two independent cohorts of older and younger healthy adults. METHODS Sixty-five healthy older (cohort 1) and 68 younger subjects (cohort 2), from the PharmaCog and CoRR consortia, underwent repeated 3D-T1 MRI (interval 1-90 days). Segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer v6.0. Reliability was assessed using volume reproducibility error (ε) and spatial overlapping coefficient (DICE) between test and retest session. RESULTS Significant MRI site and vendor effects (p < .05) were found in a few subfields/nuclei for the ε, while extensive effects were found for the DICE score of most subfields/nuclei. Reliability was strongly influenced by volume, as ε correlated negatively and DICE correlated positively with volume size of structures (absolute value of Spearman's r correlations >0.43, p < 1.39E-36). In particular, volumes larger than 200 mm3 (for amygdalar nuclei) and 300 mm3 (for hippocampal subfields, except for molecular layer) had the best test-retest reproducibility (ε < 5% and DICE > 0.80). CONCLUSION Our results support the use of volumetric measures of larger amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields in multisite MRI studies. These measures could be useful for disease tracking and assessment of efficacy in drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quattrini
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Núria Bargalló
- Department of Neuroradiology and Image Research Platform, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Beltramello
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria", Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca B Pizzini
- Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR-INSERM 1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Regis Bordet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ute Fiedler
- Institutes and Clinics of the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Piero Floridi
- Perugia General Hospital, Neuroradiology Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hélène Gros-Dagnac
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joost P Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renaud Lopes
- INSERM U1171, Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Camillo Marra
- Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernhard W Müller
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Agnese Picco
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Roccatagliata
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Dept. Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter Schonknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julien Sein
- CRMBM-CEMEREM, UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Wang J, Luo Y, Tang J, Liang X, Huang C, Gao Y, Qi Y, Yang C, Chao F, Zhang Y, Tang Y. The effects of fluoxetine on oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depressed model rats. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2583-2594. [PMID: 32246847 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a mental illness which is harmful seriously to the society. This study investigated the effects of fluoxetine on the CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in hippocampus of the depressed rats to explore the new target structure of antidepressants. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to build chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) depressed model of rats. Then, the depressed rats were divided into the CUS standard group and the CUS + fluoxetine (CUS/FLX) group. The CUS/FLX group was treated with fluoxetine at dose of 5 mg/(kg·d) from the fifth week to seventh week. After 7 weeks CUS intervention, the sucrose preference of the CUS standard group was significantly lower than that of the control group and the CUS/FLX group. The stereological results showed that the total number of the CNPase+ cells in the CA1, CA3, and DG subfield of the hippocampus in the CUS standard group were significantly decreased, when compared with the CNPase+ cells in the control group. However, the total number of the CNPase+ cells in the CA1 and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus in the CUS standard group was significantly decreased when it compared with CNPase+ cells in the CUS/FLX group. Therefore, fluoxetine might prevent the loss of CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in CA1 and CA3 subfields of hippocampus of the depressed rats. The oligodendrocytes in hippocampus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. The current result might provide structural basis for the future studies that search for new antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - FengLei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yang H, Hong W, Chen L, Tao Y, Peng Z, Zhou H. Analysis of risk factors for depression in Alzheimer's disease patients. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1136-1141. [PMID: 32053409 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1730369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Depression, which affects about 52% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, can worsen cognitive impairment and increase mortality and suicide rates. We hope to provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of depression in AD patients by investigating related risk factors of depression in AD patients.Methods: 158 AD inpatients of the Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital from September 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. General information, laboratory tests, cognitive and emotional function assessments of the inpatients were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of depression in AD patients, and the relationship between 17 Hamilton depression scale scores and HbA1c levels in AD patients was further analyzed.Results: The prevalence of age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and white matter lesions (WML) in the AD with depression group was significantly different from without depression group. Hypertension, T2DM, and WML are independent risk factors for depression in AD patients. The depression scores of AD patients with HbA1c>6.5% were significantly higher than AD patients with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%, and there were significant difference in depression scale scores between using anti-diabetes drugs group and not using anti-diabetes drugs group whose HbA1c level is >6.5%, while no difference in depression scores between using anti-diabetes drugs group and not using anti-diabetes drugs group whose HbA1c level is ≤6.5%.Conclusion: T2DM is an independent risk factor for AD patients with depression. Increased HbA1c levels aggravate depression in AD patients, and controlling HbA1c levels and anti-diabetes drugs can reduce the severity of depression in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Hong
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Le Chen
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Shi Q, Zhou F, Mei J, Yang H, Li H. The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Neuropsychological Symptoms in Chinese Early Alzheimer's Disease Population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:829-836. [PMID: 32273709 PMCID: PMC7105356 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s240529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS From September 2017 to March 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on the clinical data of 158 early AD patients over 65 years old in the Department of Neurology of Daping Hospital. All early stage of AD patients were divided into early stage of AD with NPS group and early stage of AD without NPS group according to the presence or absence of NPS. Clinical data of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, white matter leisure (WML) and T2DM, MMSE, CDR and NPI-Q scores were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between T2DM and NPS in early AD. RESULTS Compared with the early stage of AD group without NPS, the early stage of AD group with NPS was older, the proportion of women was higher, the proportion of T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and WML was higher, and the MMSE score was lower (P< 0.05). T2DM was an independent risk factor for NPS in early stage of AD patients (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.91-3.84). The incidence of T2DM in AD patients with depression, anxiety, nighttime behavioral disturbances, and appetite disturbances was significantly higher than in AD patients without these symptoms. T2DM was an independent risk factor of depression (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.71-2.38), anxiety (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.38-1.97), nighttime behavioral disturbances (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.75-2.13) and appetite disturbances (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33-1.94) in early AD patients. CONCLUSION T2DM was an important independent risk factor for NPS in early AD, which promotes the occurrence of depression, anxiety, nighttime behavioral disturbances and appetite disturbances in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Faying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mei
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Li
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
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Hanseeuw BJ, Jonas V, Jackson J, Betensky RA, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Donovan NJ. Association of anxiety with subcortical amyloidosis in cognitively normal older adults. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2599-2607. [PMID: 30116029 PMCID: PMC6377864 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Late-life anxiety has been associated with increased progression from normal cognition to amnestic MCI, suggesting that anxiety may be a neuropsychiatric symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological changes and a possible marker of anatomical progression in preclinical AD. This study examined whether cortical or subcortical amyloidosis, indicating earlier or later stages of preclinical AD, was associated with greater self-reported anxiety among 118 cognitively normal volunteers, aged 65-90 years, and whether this association was stronger in APOEε4 carriers. Participants underwent Pittsburgh Compound B Positron Emission Tomography (PiB-PET) to assess fibrillar amyloid-β burden in cortical and subcortical regions, and measurement of anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety subscale. Higher PiB-PET measures in the subcortex (striatum, amygdala, and thalamus), but not in the cortex, were associated with greater anxiety, adjusting for demographics, cognition, and depression. Findings were similar using a cortico-striatal staging system and continuous PET measurements. Anxiety was highest in APOEε4 carriers with subcortical amyloidosis. This work supports in vivo staging of amyloid-β deposition in both cortical and subcortical regions as a promising approach to the study of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety in cognitively normal older individuals. Elevated anxiety symptoms in combination with high-risk biological factors such as APOEε4 and subcortical amyloid-β may identify participants closest to MCI for secondary prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Hanseeuw
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XDepartment of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neurosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Jonas
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jonathan Jackson
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Betensky
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nancy J. Donovan
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Involvement of hippocampal subfields and anterior-posterior subregions in encoding and retrieval of item, spatial, and associative memories: Longitudinal versus transverse axis. Neuroimage 2019; 191:568-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Naaz F, Knight LK, Depue BE. Explicit and Ambiguous Threat Processing: Functionally Dissociable Roles of the Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:543-559. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly influential models have proposed that responses to different types of threat are mediated by partially segregated neural systems, with the amygdala underlying phasic responses to explicit threat (fear) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) mediating sustained responses to ambiguous threat (anxiety). However, newer models have suggested similar recruitment of both regions across a wide spectrum of threat. Therefore, to empirically test these models and further elucidate the activation profiles and connectivity patterns of the amygdala and the BNST during threat processing, 20 participants were scanned using high-resolution fMRI (1.5 mm3). Using fearful faces and human screams as aversive stimuli, two threat conditions were created: Explicit Threat in which threats were certain and predictable (fear) and Ambiguous Threat in which threats were uncertain and unpredictable (anxiety). Results indicated that, although the amygdala and the BNST both showed heightened engagement across both threat conditions, the amygdala showed preferential engagement during Explicit Threat and displayed functional connectivity with regions involved in stimulus processing and motor response. By contrast, the BNST preferentially responded during Ambiguous Threat and exhibited functional connectivity with prefrontal regions underlying interoception and rumination. Furthermore, correlations with questionnaires measuring trait anxiety, worry, and rumination suggested that individual differences in affective style play a modulatory role in regional recruitment and network connectivity during threat processing.
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Li J, Gong H, Xu H, Ding Q, He N, Huang Y, Jin Y, Zhang C, Voon V, Sun B, Yan F, Zhan S. Abnormal Voxel-Wise Degree Centrality in Patients With Late-Life Depression: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1024. [PMID: 32082198 PMCID: PMC7005207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Late-life depression (LLD) has negative impacts on somatic, emotional and cognitive domains of the lives of patients. Elucidating the abnormality in the brain networks of LLD patients could help to strengthen the understanding of LLD pathophysiology, however, the studies exploring the spontaneous brain activity in LLD during the resting state remain limited. This study aimed at identifying the voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity changes in LLD patients. METHODS Fifty patients with late-life depression (LLD) and 33 healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan to assess the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) changes in the patients. Furthermore, DC was compared between two patient subgroups, the late-onset depression (LOD) and the early-onset depression (EOD). RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, LLD patients showed increased DC in the inferior parietal lobule, parahippocampal gyrus, brainstem and cerebellum (p < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). LLD patients also showed decreased DC in the somatosensory and motor cortices and cerebellum (p < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). Compared with EOD patients, LOD patients showed increased centrality in the superior and middle temporal gyrus and decreased centrality in the occipital region (p < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). No significant correlation was found between the DC value and the symptom severity or disease duration in the patients after the correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the intrinsic abnormality of network centrality exists in a wide range of brain areas in LLD patients. LOD patients differ with EOD patients in cortical network centrality. Our study might help to strengthen the understanding of the pathophysiology of LLD and the potential neural substrates underlie related emotional and cognitive impairments observed in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengfen Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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d'Oleire Uquillas F, Jacobs HIL, Biddle KD, Properzi M, Hanseeuw B, Schultz AP, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Donovan NJ. Regional tau pathology and loneliness in cognitively normal older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:282. [PMID: 30563962 PMCID: PMC6299114 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a perception of social and emotional isolation that increases in prevalence among older adults during the eighth decade of life. Loneliness has been associated with higher brain amyloid-β deposition, a biologic marker of Alzheimer's disease, in cognitively normal older adults, suggesting a link with preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. This study examined whether greater loneliness was associated with tau pathology, the other defining feature of Alzheimer's disease, in 117 cognitively normal older adults. Using flortaucipir positron emission tomography, we measured tau pathology in the entorhinal cortex, a region of initial accumulation in aging adults with or without elevated amyloid-β, and in the inferior temporal cortex, a region of early accumulation typically associated with elevated amyloid-β and memory impairment. Loneliness was measured by self-report using the 3-item UCLA-loneliness scale. We found that higher tau pathology in the right entorhinal cortex was associated with greater loneliness, controlling for age, sex, and apolipoprotein E ε4, the Alzheimer's disease genetic risk marker. This association remained significant after further adjustment for socioeconomic status, social network, depression and anxiety scores, and memory performance. There was no association of inferior temporal cortical or left entorhinal tau pathology with loneliness. Exploratory whole-brain surface maps supported these findings and identified additional clusters correlating loneliness and tau in the right fusiform gyrus. These results provide further support for loneliness as a socioemotional symptom in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelsey D Biddle
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nancy J Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Donovan NJ, Locascio JJ, Marshall GA, Gatchel J, Hanseeuw BJ, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA. Longitudinal Association of Amyloid Beta and Anxious-Depressive Symptoms in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:530-537. [PMID: 29325447 PMCID: PMC5988933 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the role of depressive symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, it is essential to define their temporal relationship to Alzheimer's proteinopathies in cognitively normal older adults. The study objective was to examine associations of brain amyloid beta and longitudinal measures of depression and depressive symptom clusters in a cognitively normal sample of older adults. METHOD A total of 270 community-dwelling, cognitively normal elderly individuals underwent baseline Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) measures of cortical aggregate amyloid beta and annual assessments with the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The authors evaluated continuous PiB binding as a predictor of GDS score or GDS cluster, calculated as total scores and mean scores for three GDS item clusters (apathy-anhedonia, dysphoria, and anxiety-concentration), across time (1-5 years; mean=3.8 years) in separate mixed-effects models with backward elimination. Initial predictors included PiB binding, age, sex, Hollingshead score, American National Adult Reading Test (AMNART) score, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, depression history, and their interactions with time. RESULTS Higher PiB binding predicted accelerated rates of increase in GDS score over time, adjusting for depression history. Higher PiB binding also predicted steeper rates of increase for anxiety-concentration scores, adjusting for depression history and the AMNART score-by-time interaction. In a post hoc model estimating anxiety scores without concentration disturbance items, the PiB binding-by-time interaction remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher amyloid beta burden was associated with increasing anxious-depressive symptoms over time in cognitively normal older individuals. Prior depression history was related to higher but not worsening symptom ratings. These results suggest a direct or indirect association of elevated amyloid beta levels with worsening anxious-depressive symptoms and support the hypothesis that emerging neuropsychiatric symptoms represent an early manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J. Donovan
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Correspondence and reprint requests to: Nancy J. Donovan, MD, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, P: 617-732-8085, F: 617-264-6831,
| | - Joseph J. Locascio
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gad A. Marshall
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer Gatchel
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bernard J. Hanseeuw
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neurosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Multiple cortical thickness sub-networks and cognitive impairments in first episode, drug naïve patients with late life depression: A graph theory analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:538-545. [PMID: 29353213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coordinated and pattern-wise changes in large scale gray matter structural networks reflect neural circuitry dysfunction in late life depression (LLD), which in turn is associated with emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairments. However, due to methodological limitations, there have been few attempts made to identify individual-level structural network properties or sub-networks that are involved in important brain functions in LLD. METHODS In this study, we sought to construct individual-level gray matter structural networks using average cortical thicknesses of several brain areas to investigate the characteristics of the gray matter structural networks in normal controls and LLD patients. Additionally, we investigated the structural sub-networks correlated with several clinical measurements including cognitive impairment and depression severity. RESULTS We observed that small worldness, clustering coefficients, global and local efficiency, and hub structures in the brains of LLD patients were significantly different from healthy controls. We further found that a sub-network including the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior prefrontal cortex is significantly associated with attention control and executive function. The severity of depression was associated with the sub-networks comprising the salience network, including the anterior cingulate and insula. LIMITATIONS We investigated cortico-cortical connectivity, but omitted the subcortical structures such as the striatum and thalamus. CONCLUSION We report differences in patterns between several clinical measurements and sub-networks from large-scale and individual-level cortical thickness networks in LLD.
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Dario MFR, Sara T, Estela CO, Margarita PM, Guillermo ET, Fernando RDF, Javier SL, Carmen P. Stress, Depression, Resilience and Ageing: A Role for the LPA-LPA1 Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:271-283. [PMID: 28699486 PMCID: PMC5843979 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170710200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress affects health and the quality of life, with its effects being particularly relevant in ageing due to the psychobiological characteristics of this population. However, while some people develop psychiatric disorders, especially depression, others seem very capable of dealing with adversity. There is no doubt that along with the identification of neurobiological mechanisms involved in developing depression, discovering which factors are involved in positive adaptation under circumstances of extreme difficulty will be crucial for promoting resilience. METHODS Here, we review recent work in our laboratory, using an animal model lacking the LPA1 receptor, together with pharmacological studies and clinical evidence for the possible participation of the LPA1 receptor in mood and resilience to stress. RESULTS Substantial evidence has shown that the LPA1 receptor is involved in emotional regulation and in coping responses to chronic stress, which, if dysfunctional, may induce vulnerability to stress and predisposition to the development of depression. Given that there is commonality of mechanisms between those involved in negative consequences of stress and in ageing, this is not surprising, considering that the LPA1 receptor may be involved in coping with adversity during ageing. CONCLUSION Alterations in this receptor may be a susceptibility factor for the presence of depression and cognitive deficits in the elderly population. However, because this is only a promising hypothesis based on previous data, future studies should focus on the involvement of the LPA-LPA1 pathway in coping with stress and resilience in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno-Fernández Román Dario
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Tabbai Sara
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Castilla-Ortega Estela
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Pérez-Martín Margarita
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de
Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Estivill-Torrús Guillermo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitarios de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Santin Luis Javier
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Pedraza Carmen
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
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Leal SL, Yassa MA. Integrating new findings and examining clinical applications of pattern separation. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:163-173. [PMID: 29371654 PMCID: PMC5898810 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pattern separation, the ability to independently represent and store similar experiences, is a crucial facet of episodic memory. Growing evidence suggests that the hippocampus possesses unique circuitry that is computationally capable of resolving mnemonic interference by using pattern separation. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of this process and evaluate the caveats and limitations of linking across animal and human studies. We summarize clinical and translational studies using methods that are sensitive to pattern separation impairments, an approach that stems from the fact that the hippocampus is a major site of disruption in many brain disorders. We critically evaluate the assumptions that guide fundamental and translational studies in this area. Finally, we suggest guidelines for future research and offer ways to overcome potential interpretational challenges to increase the utility of pattern separation as a construct that can further understanding of both memory processes and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Leal
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Argyrophilic grain disease in a 46-year-old male suicide victim. J Neurol Sci 2017; 380:223-225. [PMID: 28870574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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