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Fallahi MS, Sahebekhtiari K, Hosseini H, Aliasin MM, Noroozi M, Moghadam Fard A, Aarabi MH, Gulisashvili D, Shafie M, Mayeli M. Distinct patterns of hippocampal subfield volumes predict coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in healthy adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00904-8. [PMID: 39103671 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the hippocampus (HC) is involved in cognitive and behavioral functions beyond memory. We aimed to investigate how the volume of each subfield of the HC is associated with distinct patterns of coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in a healthy population. METHODS We studied a total of 218 healthy subjects using the Leipzig mind-brain-body dataset. Participants were assessed for coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), and Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System (BAS/BIS). The associations between HC subfield volumes including CA1, CA2/3, CA4/DG, SR-SL-SM, and subiculum, and behavioral scores were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for possible confounders, including age, sex, years of education, handedness, total intracranial volume (ICV), and HC volume. RESULTS The use of emotional support, venting, and positive reframing coping strategies were significantly and positively correlated with total, total right, and total left HC volumes. Venting was significantly associated with CA1 after adjusting for age, sex, handedness, and education (P=0.001, B = 0.265, P-FDR = 0.005). No significant association was observed between CERQ subscales and HC subfield volumes after controlling for confounders and multiple analyses. However, sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS-P was positively correlated with total and right CA2-CA3 volumes after adjustments for age, sex, handedness, ICV, and HC volumes (P=0.002, B = 0.266, P-FDR = 0.035). BAS and BIS subscales did not show significant relationship with HC subfield volumes. CONCLUSION Patterns of HC subfields volumes are associated with coping strategies, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. In particular, using emotional support, positive reframing, venting, and sensation seeking are significantly associated with certain HC subfield volumes. These findings suggest that the hippocampus may play a crucial role in modulating emotional responses and behavioral adaptations, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Fallahi
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Sahebekhtiari
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Helia Hosseini
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Aliasin
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Noroozi
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - David Gulisashvili
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahan Shafie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Narayanan R, Levone BR, Winterer J, Nanda P, Müller A, Lobriglio T, Fiore R, Germain PL, Mihailovich M, Testa G, Schratt G. miRNA-mediated inhibition of an actomyosin network in hippocampal pyramidal neurons restricts sociability in adult male mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114429. [PMID: 38968074 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Social deficits are frequently observed in patients suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular mechanisms regulating sociability are still poorly understood. We recently reported that the loss of the microRNA (miRNA) cluster miR-379-410 leads to hypersocial behavior and anxiety in mice. Here, we show that ablating miR-379-410 in excitatory neurons of the postnatal mouse hippocampus recapitulates hypersociability, but not anxiety. At the cellular level, miR-379-410 loss in excitatory neurons leads to larger dendritic spines, increased excitatory synaptic transmission, and upregulation of an actomyosin gene network. Re-expression of three cluster miRNAs, as well as pharmacological inhibition of the actomyosin activator ROCK, is sufficient to reinstate normal sociability in miR-379-410 knockout mice. Several actomyosin genes and miR-379-410 family members are reciprocally dysregulated in isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons harboring a deletion present in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome, characterized by hypersocial behavior. Together, our results show an miRNA-actomyosin pathway involved in social behavior regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Narayanan
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brunno Rocha Levone
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Winterer
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prakruti Nanda
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Müller
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lobriglio
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Fiore
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Statistical Bioinformatics, IMLS, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marija Mihailovich
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Xu X, Li F, Liu C, Wang Y, Yang Z, Xie G, Zhang T. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates abnormal behavior in valproic acid rat model of autism through rescuing synaptic plasticity and inhibiting neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173788. [PMID: 38734150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with no effective treatment available currently. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a promising neuromodulation technique to treat autism. However, the mechanism how rTMS works remains unclear, which restrict the clinical application of magnetic stimulation in the autism treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-frequency rTMS on the autistic-like symptoms and explored if this neuroprotective effect was associated with synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. A rat model of autism was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats and male offspring were treated with 1 Hz rTMS daily for two weeks continuously. Behavior tests were performed to identify behavioral abnormality. Synaptic plasticity was measured by in vivo electrophysiological recording and Golgi-Cox staining. Synapse and inflammation associated proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. Results showed prenatal VPA-exposed rats exhibited autistic-like and anxiety-like behaviors, and cognitive impairment. Synaptic plasticity deficits and the abnormality expression of synapse-associated proteins were found in the hippocampus of prenatal VPA-exposed rats. Prenatal VPA exposure increased the level of inflammation cytokines and promoted the excessive activation of microglia. rTMS significantly alleviated the prenatal VPA-induced abnormalities including behavioral and synaptic plasticity deficits, and excessive neuroinflammation. TMS maybe a potential strategy for autism therapy via rescuing synaptic plasticity and inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300130 Tianjin, China; College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Fangjuan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 315040 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China.
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4
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Salagnon M, d'Errico F, Rigaud S, Mellet E. Assigning a social status from face adornments: an fMRI study. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1103-1120. [PMID: 38546871 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
For at least 150,000 years, the human body has been culturally modified by the wearing of personal ornaments and probably by painting with red pigment. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain networks involved in attributing social status from face decorations. Results showed the fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and salience network were involved in social encoding, categorization, and evaluation. The hippocampus and parahippocampus were activated due to the memory and associative skills required for the task, while the inferior frontal gyrus likely interpreted face ornaments as symbols. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis clarified the interaction between these regions. The study highlights the importance of these neural interactions in the symbolic interpretation of social markers on the human face, which were likely active in early Homo species and intensified with Homo sapiens populations as more complex technologies were developed to culturalize the human face.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salagnon
- CNRS, CEA, IMN, UMR 5293, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, GIN, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199, CNRS, Pessac, France
| | - F d'Errico
- Univ. Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199, CNRS, Pessac, France
- SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Rigaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199, CNRS, Pessac, France
| | - E Mellet
- CNRS, CEA, IMN, UMR 5293, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, GIN, France.
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5
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Hunt C, Vinograd M, Glynn LM, Davis EP, Baram TZ, Stern H, Nievergelt C, Cuccurazzu B, Napan C, Delmar D, Baker DG, Risborough VB. Childhood unpredictability is associated with increased risk for long- and short-term depression and anhedonia symptoms following combat deployment. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 6:100045. [PMID: 38911511 PMCID: PMC11192232 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
High unpredictability has emerged as a dimension of early-life adversity that may contribute to a host of deleterious consequences later in life. Early-life unpredictability affects development of limbic and reward circuits in both rodents and humans, with a potential to increase sensitivity to stressors and mood symptoms later in life. Here, we examined the extent to which unpredictability during childhood was associated with changes in mood symptoms (anhedonia and general depression) after two adult life stressors, combat deployment and civilian reintegration, which were assessed ten years apart. We also examined how perceived stress and social support mediated and /or moderated links between childhood unpredictability and mood symptoms. To test these hypotheses, we leveraged the Marine Resiliency Study, a prospective longitudinal study of the effects of combat deployment on mental health in Active-Duty Marines and Navy Corpsman. Participants (N = 273) were assessed for depression and anhedonia before (pre-deployment) and 3-6 months after (acute post-deployment) a combat deployment. Additional assessment of depression and childhood unpredictability were collected 10 years post-deployment (chronic post-deployment). Higher childhood unpredictability was associated with higher anhedonia and general depression at both acute and chronic post-deployment timepoints (βs ≥ 0.16, ps ≤.007). The relationship between childhood unpredictability and subsequent depression at acute post-deployment was partially mediated by lower social support (b = 0.07, 95% CI [0.03, 0.15]) while depression at chronic post-deployment was fully mediated by a combination of lower social support (b = 0.14, 95% CI [0.07, 0.23]) and higher perceived stress (b = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.15]). These findings implicate childhood unpredictability as a potential risk factor for depression in adulthood and suggest that increasing the structure and predictability of childhood routines and developing social support interventions after life stressors could be helpful for preventing adult depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hunt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Meghan Vinograd
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Psychology Department, University of Denver, Denver, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Hal Stern
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Bruna Cuccurazzu
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Cindy Napan
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Dylan Delmar
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Victoria B Risborough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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6
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Kember J, Patenaude P, Sweatman H, Van Schaik L, Tabuenca Z, Chai XJ. Specialization of anterior and posterior hippocampal functional connectivity differs in autism. Autism Res 2024; 17:1126-1139. [PMID: 38770780 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Structural and functional differences in the hippocampus have been related to the episodic memory and social impairments observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In neurotypical individuals, hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity systematically varies between anterior and posterior hippocampus, with changes observed during typical development. It remains unknown whether this specialization of anterior-posterior hippocampal connectivity is disrupted in ASD, and whether age-related differences in this specialization exist in ASD. We examined connectivity of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in an ASD (N = 139) and non-autistic comparison group (N = 133) aged 5-21 using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN). Consistent with previous results, we observed lower connectivity between the whole hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in ASD. Moreover, preferential connectivity of the posterior relative to the anterior hippocampus for memory-sensitive regions in posterior parietal cortex was reduced in ASD, demonstrating a weaker anterior-posterior specialization of hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Finally, connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and precuneus negatively correlated with age in the ASD group but remained stable in the comparison group, suggesting an altered developmental specialization. Together, these differences in hippocampal-cortical connectivity may help us understand the neurobiological basis of the memory and social impairments found in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kember
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - P Patenaude
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - H Sweatman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Van Schaik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Z Tabuenca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - X J Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Khudeish N, Ramkiran S, Nießen D, Akkoc Altinok DC, Rajkumar R, Dammers J, Shah NJ, Veselinovic T, Neuner I. The interaction effect of high social support and resilience on functional connectivity using seed-based resting-state assessed by 7-Tesla ultra-high field MRI. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1293514. [PMID: 38832325 PMCID: PMC11145276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent resilience research has increasingly emphasized the importance of focusing on investigating the protective factors in mentally healthy populations, complementing the traditional focus on psychopathology. Social support has emerged as a crucial element within the complex interplay of individual and socio-environmental factors that shape resilience. However, the neural underpinnings of the relationship between social support and resilience, particularly in healthy subjects, remain largely unexplored. With advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as ultra-high field MRI at 7T and beyond, researchers can more effectively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying these factors. Thus, our study employed ultra-high field rs-fMRI to explore how social support moderates the relationship between psychological resilience and functional connectivity in a healthy cohort. We hypothesized that enhanced social support would amplify resilience-associated connectivity within neural circuits essential for emotional regulation, cognitive processing, and adaptive problem-solving, signifying a synergistic interaction where strong social networks bolster the neural underpinnings of resilience. (n = 30). Through seed-based functional connectivity analyses and interaction analysis, we aimed to uncover the neural correlates at the interplay of social support and resilience. Our findings indicate that perceived social support significantly (p<0.001) alters functional connectivity in the right and left FP, PCC, and left hippocampus, affirming the pivotal roles of these regions in the brain's resilience network. Moreover, we identified significant moderation effects of social support across various brain regions, each showing unique connectivity patterns. Specifically, the right FP demonstrated a significant interaction effect where high social support levels were linked to increased connectivity with regions involved in socio-cognitive processing, while low social support showed opposite effects. Similar patterns by social support levels were observed in the left FP, with connectivity changes in clusters associated with emotional regulation and cognitive functions. The PCC's connectivity was distinctly influenced by support levels, elucidating its role in emotional and social cognition. Interestingly, the connectivity of the left hippocampus was not significantly impacted by social support levels, indicating a unique pattern within this region. These insights highlight the importance of high social support levels in enhancing the neural foundations of resilience and fostering adaptive neurological responses to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibal Khudeish
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Nießen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ravichandran Rajkumar
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance - Brain (JARA – BRAIN) – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dammers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance - Brain (JARA – BRAIN) – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Veselinovic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance - Brain (JARA – BRAIN) – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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López-Molina L, Sancho-Balsells A, Al-Massadi O, Montalban E, Alberch J, Arranz B, Girault JA, Giralt A. Hippocampal Pyk2 regulates specific social skills: Implications for schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106487. [PMID: 38552722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyk2 has been shown previously to be involved in several psychological and cognitive alterations related to stress, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. All these disorders are accompanied by different types of impairments in sociability, which has recently been linked to improper mitochondrial function. We hypothesize that Pyk2, which regulates mitochondria, could be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and social skills. In the present manuscript, we report that a reduction of Pyk2 levels in mouse pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus decreased social dominance and aggressivity. Furthermore, social interactions induced robust Pyk2-dependent hippocampal changes in several oxidative phosphorylation complexes. We also observed that Pyk2 levels were increased in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of schizophrenic subjects, occurring alongside changes in different direct and indirect regulators of mitochondrial function including DISC1 and Grp75. Accordingly, overexpressing Pyk2 in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells mimicked some specific schizophrenia-like social behaviors in mice. In summary, our results indicate that Pyk2 might play a role in regulating specific social skills likely via mitochondrial dynamics and that there might be a link between Pyk2 levels in hippocampal neurons and social disturbances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Molina
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005 Paris, France; Translational Endocrinology Group, Servicio de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005 Paris, France; UMR 1286, NutriNeuro - INRAE / Université de Bordeaux / INP 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Brodeaux cedex, France
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Arranz
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Saedi Marghmaleki V, Radahmadi M, Alaei H, Khanahmad H. Protective Effects of Long-Term Escitalopram Administration on Memory and Hippocampal BDNF and BCL-2 Gene Expressions in Rats Exposed to Predictable and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress. Brain Sci 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38790399 PMCID: PMC11118218 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and escitalopram (an anti-stress medication) can affect brain functions and related gene expression. This study investigated the protective effects of long-term escitalopram administration on memory, as well as on hippocampal BDNF and BCL-2 gene expressions in rats exposed to predictable and unpredictable chronic mild stress (PCMS and UCMS, respectively). Male rats were randomly assigned to different groups: control (Co), sham (Sh), predictable and unpredictable stress (PSt and USt, respectively; 2 h/day for 21 consecutive days), escitalopram (Esc; 10 mg/kg for 21 days), and predictable and unpredictable stress with escitalopram (PSt-Esc and USt-Esc, respectively). The passive avoidance test was used to assess behavioral variables. The expressions of the BDNF and BCL-2 genes were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR. Latency significantly decreased in the PSt and USt groups. Additionally, latency showed significant improvement in the PSt-Esc group compared to the PSt group. The expression of the BDNF gene significantly decreased only in the USt group. BDNF gene expression significantly increased in the PSt-Esc and USt-Esc groups compared to their respective stress-related groups, whereas the expression of the BCL-2 gene did not change significantly in both PSt-Esc and USt-Esc groups. PCMS and UCMS had devastating effects on memory. Escitalopram improved memory only under PCMS conditions. PCMS and UCMS exhibited fundamental differences in hippocampal BDNF and BCL-2 gene expressions. Furthermore, escitalopram increased hippocampal BDNF gene expression in the PCMS and UCMS subjects. Hence, neurogenesis occurred more significantly than anti-apoptosis under both PCMS and UCMS conditions with escitalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Saedi Marghmaleki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
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10
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Daudelin D, Westerhaus A, Zhang N, Leyder E, Savonenko A, Sockanathan S. Loss of GDE2 leads to complex behavioral changes including memory impairment. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2024; 20:7. [PMID: 38575965 PMCID: PMC10993612 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) are debilitating neurodegenerative diseases for which there are currently no cures. Familial cases with known genetic causes make up less than 10% of these diseases, and little is known about the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sporadic disease. Accordingly, it is important to expand investigations into possible pathways that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts at the cell surface to cleave the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor that tethers distinct proteins to the membrane. GDE2 abnormally accumulates in intracellular compartments in the brain of patients with AD, ALS, and ALS/FTD, indicative of GDE2 dysfunction. Mice lacking GDE2 (Gde2KO) show neurodegenerative changes such as neuronal loss, reduced synaptic proteins and synapse loss, and increased Aβ deposition, raising the possibility that GDE2 disruption in disease might contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, the effect of GDE2 loss on behavioral function and learning/memory has not been characterized. RESULTS Here, we show that GDE2 is expressed throughout the adult mouse brain in areas including the cortex, hippocampus, habenula, thalamus, and amygdala. Gde2KO and WT mice were tested in a set of behavioral tasks between 7 and 16 months of age. Compared to WT, Gde2KO mice display moderate hyperactivity that becomes more pronounced with age across a variety of behavioral tests assessing novelty-induced exploratory activity. Additionally, Gde2KO mice show reduced startle response, with females showing additional defects in prepulse inhibition. No changes in anxiety-associated behaviors were found, but Gde2KOs show reduced sociability. Notably, aged Gde2KO mice demonstrate impaired short/long-term spatial memory and cued fear memory/secondary contextual fear acquisition. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these observations suggest that loss of GDE2 leads to behavioral deficits, some of which are seen in neurodegenerative disease models, implying that loss of GDE2 may be an important contributor to phenotypes associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Daudelin
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Westerhaus
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erica Leyder
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Research Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Research Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Sensory-Motor Neuroscience (SMN), Center for Scientific Review, ICN Review Branch, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Suite 1010-F, Bethesda, MD, 20892 , USA.
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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11
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Otsuka Y, Nakai R, Shizawa M, Itakura S, Sato A, Abe N. Brain structure variation and individual differences in theory of mind among older adults. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100115. [PMID: 38596457 PMCID: PMC11002304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The theory of mind (ToM) is not substantially influenced by aging, suggesting the emergence of various compensatory mechanisms. To identify brain regions subserving ToM in older adults, we investigated the associations of individual differences in brain structure with performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a widely used measure of ToM, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). In contrast to findings obtained from young adults, where multiple cortical regions are implicated in ToM, VBM analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between RMET score and gray matter (GM) volume only in the right middle temporal gyrus, a region implicated in social cognition. Alternatively, TBSS revealed significant positive correlations between RMET score and the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in widespread white matter (WM) tracts, including the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, a region previously linked to RMET performance in young adults. We speculate that individual differences in WM integrity are strong influences on ToM among older adults, whereas the impact of individual differences in GM volumes is relatively limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Otsuka
- Faculty of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki 567-8502, Japan
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kizugawa 619-0225, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Shizawa
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0857, Japan
| | - Shoji Itakura
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kizugawa 619-0225, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sato
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Noshadian M, Ragerdi Kashani I, Asadi-Golshan R, Zarini D, Ghafari N, Zahedi E, Pasbakhsh P. Benefits of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared to their conditioned medium in valproic acid-induced autism in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:353. [PMID: 38401030 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors, a limited range of activities, and deficiencies in social communications. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which secrete factors that stimulate surrounding microenvironment, and BM-MSCs conditioned medium (BM-MSCs-CM), which contains cell-secreted products, have been speculated to hold potential as a therapy for ASD. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM on behavioral and microglial changes in an animal model of autism induced by valproic acid (VPA). METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Wistar rats were administered by VPA at a dose of 600 mg/kg at 12.5 days post-conception. After birth, male pups were included in the study. At 6 weeks of age, one group of rats received intranasal administration of BM-MSCs, while another group received BM-MSCs-CM. The rats were allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Behavioral tests, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were performed. Both BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM administration significantly improved some behavioral deficits. Furthermore, these treatments notably reduced Iba-1 marker associated with microgliosis. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and an increase in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in rats administered by BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM. CONCLUSIONS Post-developmental administration of BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM can ameliorate prenatal neurodevelopmental deficits, restore cognitive and social behaviors, and modulate microglial and inflammatory markers. Results indicated that the improvement rate was higher in the BM-MSCs group than BM-MSCs-CM group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrazin Noshadian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Reza Asadi-Golshan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Neda Ghafari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Elham Zahedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran.
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13
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Lin Q, Shi Y, Huang H, Jiao B, Kuang C, Chen J, Rao Y, Zhu Y, Liu W, Huang R, Lin J, Ma L. Functional brain network alterations in the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:369-380. [PMID: 36800038 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two highly prevalent and commonly co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders. The neural mechanisms underpinning the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD (ASD + ADHD) remain unclear. We focused on the topological organization and functional connectivity of brain networks in ASD + ADHD patients versus ASD patients without ADHD (ASD-only). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 114 ASD and 161 typically developing (TD) individuals were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II. The ASD patients comprised 40 ASD + ADHD and 74 ASD-only individuals. We constructed functional brain networks for each group and performed graph-theory and network-based statistic (NBS) analyses. Group differences between ASD + ADHD and ASD-only were analyzed at three levels: nodal, global, and connectivity. At the nodal level, ASD + ADHD exhibited topological disorganization in the temporal and occipital regions, compared with ASD-only. At the global level, ASD + ADHD and ASD-only displayed no significant differences. At the connectivity level, the NBS analysis revealed that ASD + ADHD showed enhanced functional connectivity between the prefrontal and frontoparietal regions, as well as between the orbitofrontal and occipital regions, compared with ASD-only. The hippocampus was the shared region in aberrant functional connectivity patterns in ASD + ADHD and ASD-only compared with TD. These findings suggests that ASD + ADHD displays altered topology and functional connectivity in the brain regions that undertake social cognition, language processing, and sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Lin
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Jiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyi Kuang
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Rao
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Institut Des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Lijun Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, No.232, Huandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Basu S, Ro EJ, Liu Z, Kim H, Bennett A, Kang S, Suh H. The Mef2c Gene Dose-Dependently Controls Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Expression of Autism-Like Behaviors. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1058232023. [PMID: 38123360 PMCID: PMC10860657 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1058-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the activity-dependent transcription factor MEF2C have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Among these, autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related behavioral deficits are manifested. Multiple animal models that harbor mutations in Mef2c have provided compelling evidence that Mef2c is indeed an ASD gene. However, studies in mice with germline or global brain knock-out of Mef2c are limited in their ability to identify the precise neural substrates and cell types that are required for the expression of Mef2c-mediated ASD behaviors. Given the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive and social behaviors, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of Mef2c in the structure and function of newly generated dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the postnatal hippocampus and to determine whether disrupted Mef2c function is responsible for manifesting ASD behaviors. Overexpression of Mef2c (Mef2cOE ) arrested the transition of neurogenesis at progenitor stages, as indicated by sustained expression of Sox2+ in Mef2cOE DGCs. Conditional knock-out of Mef2c (Mef2ccko ) allowed neuronal commitment of Mef2ccko cells; however, Mef2ccko impaired not only dendritic arborization and spine formation but also synaptic transmission onto Mef2ccko DGCs. Moreover, the abnormal structure and function of Mef2ccko DGCs led to deficits in social interaction and social novelty recognition, which are key characteristics of ASD behaviors. Thus, our study revealed a dose-dependent requirement of Mef2c in the control of distinct steps of neurogenesis, as well as a critical cell-autonomous function of Mef2c in newborn DGCs in the expression of proper social behavior in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Basu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Eun Jeoung Ro
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Aubrey Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Hoonkyo Suh
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
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15
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Wei L, Wang T, Luo M, Zhang S, Lu M, Zhou X, Cheng X, Wang H, Xu D. A "toxic window" study on the hippocampal development of mice offspring exposed to azithromycin at different doses, courses, and time during pregnancy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110814. [PMID: 37995777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin, one of the new-generation macrolides, is an effective medicine for the treatment of mycoplasma infection during pregnancy. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse pregnancy outcomes with prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, the effect of PAzE on fetal hippocampal development is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanism of PAzE-induced fetal hippocampal development at different doses, courses, and time. METHOD Pregnant mice were administered azithromycin by gavage at different doses (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg.d), different courses (gestational day (GD)15-17 for three consecutive days, or GD17 once a day) and different time (GD10-12, GD15-17). RESULTS Compared with the control group, morphological development damage of the fetal hippocampus was observed in the PAzE group, with a dysbalance in neuronal proliferation and apoptosis, decreased expression of the neuronal-specific marker Snap25, NeuN, PSD95 and Map2, increased expression of the glial-specific marker Iba1, GFAP, and S-100β, and decreased expression of P2ry12. The PAzE-induced hippocampal developmental deficiency varied based on different doses, courses, and time, and the developmental toxicity was most significant in the late pregnancy, high dose, multi-course group (AZHT). The significant reduction of SOX2 and Wnt, which were related to regulation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferation in PAzE fetus compared with the control group indicated that the SOX2/Wnt signaling may be involved in PAzE-induced hippocampal developmental toxicity. CONCLUSION In this study, PAzE was associated with hippocampal developmental toxicity in a variety of nerve cells. Hippocampal developmental toxicity due to azithromycin was most significant in the late pregnancy, high-dose (equivalent to maximum clinical dose) and multi-course group (AZHT). The findings provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for guiding the sensible use of medications during pregnancy and effectively assessing the risk of fetal hippocampal developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wei
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingcui Luo
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengxi Lu
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuelei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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16
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Citro S, Lazzaro GD, Cimmino AT, Giuffrè GM, Marra C, Calabresi P. A multiple hits hypothesis for memory dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 38052985 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are increasingly recognized in Parkinson disease (PD), even in early disease stages, and memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains. Classically, hippocampal cholinergic system dysfunction was associated with memory disorders, whereas nigrostriatal dopaminergic system impairment was considered responsible for executive deficits. Evidence from PD studies now supports involvement of the amygdala, which modulates emotional attribution to experiences. Here, we propose a tripartite model including the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala as key structures for cognitive disorders in PD. First, the anatomo-functional relationships of these structures are explored and experimental evidence supporting their role in cognitive dysfunction in PD is summarized. We then discuss the potential role of α-synuclein, a pathological hallmark of PD, in the tripartite memory system as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Citro
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Tiziano Cimmino
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Giuffrè
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Yu H, Lin C, Sun S, Cao R, Kar K, Wang S. Multimodal investigations of emotional face processing and social trait judgment of faces. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1531:29-48. [PMID: 37965931 PMCID: PMC10858652 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Faces are among the most important visual stimuli that humans perceive in everyday life. While extensive literature has examined emotional processing and social evaluations of faces, most studies have examined either topic using unimodal approaches. In this review, we promote the use of multimodal cognitive neuroscience approaches to study these processes, using two lines of research as examples: ambiguity in facial expressions of emotion and social trait judgment of faces. In the first set of studies, we identified an event-related potential that signals emotion ambiguity using electroencephalography and we found convergent neural responses to emotion ambiguity using functional neuroimaging and single-neuron recordings. In the second set of studies, we discuss how different neuroimaging and personality-dimensional approaches together provide new insights into social trait judgments of faces. In both sets of studies, we provide an in-depth comparison between neurotypicals and people with autism spectrum disorder. We offer a computational account for the behavioral and neural markers of the different facial processing between the two groups. Finally, we suggest new practices for studying the emotional processing and social evaluations of faces. All data discussed in the case studies of this review are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yu
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Chujun Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sai Sun
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Runnan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kohitij Kar
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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18
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Karagoz AB, Morse SJ, Reagh ZM. Cortico-hippocampal networks carry information about characters and their relationships in an extended narrative. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108729. [PMID: 37951387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Social information is a centerpiece of human experience. Despite a wealth of research into the way we understand social relationships and how aspects of social life might be supported by the brain, relatively little is known about how the brain represents individual people and their relationships with others. How do intrinsic networks in the brain track people and their connections in complex situations? Here, we sought to understand this issue using an open neuroimaging dataset in which people freely viewed "The Grand Budapest Hotel." Using support vector machine classification of fMRI activity patterns, we found that character identity could be decoded throughout subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network, especially in regions of an Anterior Temporal and a Medial Prefrontal subsystem, as well as a Medial Temporal Network (MTN). We tested character relationships in two ways - onscreen co-occurrence and shared semantic information from an independent sample of character descriptions - and found evidence for these representations throughout the "Default Mode" Network, and the MTN. The extent to which each variant of character relationships fit neural patterns differed across networks, with abstract semantic relatedness being especially prominent in regions of Anterior Temporal and Medial Prefrontal Networks. These data show that subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network and MTN carry information about individual people as well as their connections, and highlight a particularly strong role for the Anterior Temporal network in representing this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata B Karagoz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
| | - Sarah J Morse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Zachariah M Reagh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
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19
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Kos A, Lopez JP, Bordes J, de Donno C, Dine J, Brivio E, Karamihalev S, Luecken MD, Almeida-Correa S, Gasperoni S, Dick A, Miranda L, Büttner M, Stoffel R, Flachskamm C, Theis FJ, Schmidt MV, Chen A. Early life adversity shapes social subordination and cell type-specific transcriptomic patterning in the ventral hippocampus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj3793. [PMID: 38039370 PMCID: PMC10691768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events in early life can modulate the response to additional stressors later in life and increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Here, we uncover that early life adversity (ELA) in mice leads to social subordination. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified cell type-specific changes in the transcriptional state of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the ventral hippocampus of ELA mice after exposure to acute social stress in adulthood. These findings were reflected by an alteration in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission induced by ELA in response to acute social stress. Finally, enhancing the inhibitory network function through transient diazepam treatment during an early developmental sensitive period reversed the ELA-induced social subordination. Collectively, this study significantly advances our understanding of the molecular, physiological, and behavioral alterations induced by ELA, uncovering a previously unknown cell type-specific vulnerability to ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Kos
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joeri Bordes
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo de Donno
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Dine
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elena Brivio
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Stoyo Karamihalev
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Malte D. Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Serena Gasperoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alec Dick
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Miranda
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Stoffel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Flachskamm
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Thomas M, Whittle S, Tian YE, van Rheenen TE, Zalesky A, Cropley VL. Pathways from threat exposure to psychotic symptoms in youth: The role of emotion recognition bias and brain structure. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:304-313. [PMID: 37898031 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development. METHODS Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined. RESULTS Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye E Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Zubareva OE, Sinyak DS, Kalita AD, Griflyuk AV, Diespirov GP, Postnikova TY, Zaitsev AV. Antiepileptogenic Effects of Anakinra, Lamotrigine and Their Combination in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15400. [PMID: 37895080 PMCID: PMC10607594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common, chronic disorder with spontaneous seizures that is often refractory to drug therapy. A potential cause of temporal lobe epilepsy is primary brain injury, making prevention of epileptogenesis after the initial event an optimal method of treatment. Despite this, no preventive therapy for epilepsy is currently available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of anakinra, lamotrigine, and their combination on epileptogenesis using the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the number and duration of seizures between treated and untreated animals. However, the severity of seizures was significantly reduced after treatment. Anakinra and lamotrigine, alone or in combination, significantly reduced neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampus compared to the control group. However, the drugs administered alone were found to be more effective in preventing neuron loss in the hippocampal CA3 field compared to combination treatment. The treatment alleviated the impairments in activity level, exploratory behavior, and anxiety but had a relatively weak effect on TLE-induced impairments in social behavior and memory. The efficacy of the combination treatment did not differ from that of anakinra and lamotrigine monotherapy. These findings suggest that anakinra and lamotrigine, either alone or in combination, may be clinically useful in preventing the development of histopathological and behavioral abnormalities associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (O.E.Z.); (D.S.S.); (A.D.K.); (A.V.G.); (G.P.D.); (T.Y.P.)
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22
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Shih YT, Alipio JB, Sahay A. An inhibitory circuit-based enhancer of DYRK1A function reverses Dyrk1a-associated impairment in social recognition. Neuron 2023; 111:3084-3101.e5. [PMID: 37797581 PMCID: PMC10575685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a (Dyrk1a) gene define a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder. The synaptic and circuit mechanisms mediating DYRK1A functions in social cognition are unclear. Here, we identify a social experience-sensitive mechanism in hippocampal mossy fiber-parvalbumin interneuron (PV IN) synapses by which DYRK1A recruits feedforward inhibition of CA3 and CA2 to promote social recognition. We employ genetic epistasis logic to identify a cytoskeletal protein, ABLIM3, as a synaptic substrate of DYRK1A. We demonstrate that Ablim3 downregulation in dentate granule cells of adult heterozygous Dyrk1a mice is sufficient to restore PV IN-mediated inhibition of CA3 and CA2 and social recognition. Acute chemogenetic activation of PV INs in CA3/CA2 of adult heterozygous Dyrk1a mice also rescued social recognition. Together, these findings illustrate how targeting DYRK1A synaptic and circuit substrates as "enhancers of DYRK1A function" harbors the potential to reverse Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency-associated circuit and cognition impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Shih
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Bondoc Alipio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Zeng C, Li Y, Deng H, Luo X, Xiao R, Zhang C, Yang H. Asymmetry of brain development in adolescent rats studied by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroreport 2023; 34:741-747. [PMID: 37556595 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
To study the developmental patterns of brain structure in adolescent rats based on the registration with the SIGMA template by 3.0T MRI. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-220 g) were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the four groups underwent 3.0 T MRI head scans at 7, 11, 15, and 19 weeks of age, respectively. The voxel-based morphological analysis of the rat brain was performed by coregistration with the SIGMA rat brain template. 3.0 T MRI can be used to study the anatomical structure of the rat brain by registration with the SIGMA template The gray matter volume of the bilateral hippocampus and bilateral entorhinal cortex increased significantly in the development of the rat from 7 to 19 weeks of age. In this period, the subtle structure of the rat brain is asymmetrically developed. The rat aged 7-19 weeks has asymmetrical gray matter volume development in the bilateral entorhinal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Yehan Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Ruhui Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Hanfeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
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24
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Ng R, Kalinousky A, Fahrner JA, Bjornsson HT, Harris J. The social phenotype associated with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome: Autistic traits juxtaposed with high social drive and prosociality. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2591-2601. [PMID: 37470210 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive overview of the social characteristics associated with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS). A total of 24 parents of children/adults with WSS (11F, mean age = 12.94 years, SD = 8.00) completed the Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition (SRS-2); Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Almost half our sample reported a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 70% had intellectual disability. On the SDQ, over 90% of participants were rated in borderline/clinical ranges in Peer Problems, yet the majority fell within normal limits in Prosocial Behaviors. Most fell in the moderate/severe difficulties ranges across SRS-2 Social Cognition, Communication, and Restricted/Repetitive Behaviors scales (all >70%); whereas substantially less participants met these ranges for deficits in Social Awareness (50%) and Social Motivation (33.33%). A pattern of relatively strong prosocial skills and social drive in the context of difficulties with inflexible behaviors, social cognition, and communication was observed, regardless of gender, ASD or intellectual disability diagnosis. The social phenotype associated with WSS is characterized by some autistic features paired with unusually high social motivation and prosocial tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Ng
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison Kalinousky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hans Tomas Bjornsson
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacqueline Harris
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Shi W, Meisner OC, Blackmore S, Jadi MP, Nandy AS, Chang SWC. The orbitofrontal cortex: A goal-directed cognitive map framework for social and non-social behaviors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 203:107793. [PMID: 37353191 PMCID: PMC10527225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is regarded as one of the core brain areas in a variety of value-based behaviors. Over the past two decades, tremendous knowledge about the OFC function was gained from studying the behaviors of single subjects. As a result, our previous understanding of the OFC's function of encoding decision variables, such as the value and identity of choices, has evolved to the idea that the OFC encodes a more complex representation of the task space as a cognitive map. Accumulating evidence also indicates that the OFC importantly contributes to behaviors in social contexts, especially those involved in cooperative interactions. However, it remains elusive how exactly OFC neurons contribute to social functions and how non-social and social behaviors are related to one another in the computations performed by OFC neurons. In this review, we aim to provide an integrated view of the OFC function across both social and non-social behavioral contexts. We propose that seemingly complex functions of the OFC may be explained by its role in providing a goal-directed cognitive map to guide a wide array of adaptive reward-based behaviors in both social and non-social domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Shi
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Olivia C Meisner
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sylvia Blackmore
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monika P Jadi
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anirvan S Nandy
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Steve W C Chang
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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26
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Zhao F, Behnisch T. The Enigmatic CA2: Exploring the Understudied Region of the Hippocampus and Its Involvement in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1996. [PMID: 37509636 PMCID: PMC10377725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both motor and non-motor functions. Although motor impairment is a prominent clinical sign of PD, additional neurological symptoms may also occur, particularly in the preclinical and prodromal stages. Among these symptoms, social cognitive impairment is common and detrimental. This article aims to review non-motor symptoms in PD patients, focusing on social cognitive deficits. It also examines the specific characteristics of the CA2 region and its involvement in social behavior, highlighting recent advances and perspectives. Additionally, this review provides critical insights into and analysis of research conducted in rodents and humans, which may help improve the understanding of the current status of putative therapeutic strategies for social cognitive dysfunction in PD and potential avenues related to the function of the hippocampal CA2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Diethorn EJ, Gould E. Development of the hippocampal CA2 region and the emergence of social recognition. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:143-156. [PMID: 37326250 PMCID: PMC10529477 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Social memories formed in early life, like those for family and unrelated peers, are known to contribute to healthy social interactions throughout life, although how the developing brain supports social memory remains relatively unexplored. The CA2 subregion of the hippocampus is involved in social memory function, but most literature on this subject is restricted to studies of adult rodents. Here, we review the current literature on the embryonic and postnatal development of hippocampal subregion CA2 in mammals, with a focus on the emergence of its unusual molecular and cellular characteristics, including its notably high expression of plasticity-suppressing molecules. We also consider the connectivity of the CA2 with other brain areas, including intrahippocampal regions, such as the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1 regions, and extrahippocampal regions, such as the hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, basal forebrain, raphe nuclei, and the entorhinal cortex. We review developmental milestones of CA2 molecular, cellular, and circuit-level features that may contribute to emerging social recognition abilities for kin and unrelated conspecifics in early life. Lastly, we consider genetic mouse models related to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans in order to survey evidence about whether atypical formation of the CA2 may contribute to social memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Diethorn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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28
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Wu WY, Yiu E, Ophir AG, Smith DM. Effects of social context manipulation on dorsal and ventral hippocampal neuronal responses. Hippocampus 2023; 33:830-843. [PMID: 36789678 PMCID: PMC11127721 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for contextual memory and has recently been implicated in various kinds of social memory. Traditionally, studies of hippocampal context coding have manipulated elements of the background environment, such as the shape and color of the apparatus. These manipulations produce large shifts in the spatial firing patterns, a phenomenon known as remapping. These findings suggest that the hippocampus encodes and differentiates contexts by generating unique spatial firing patterns for each environment a subject encounters. However, we do not know whether the hippocampus encodes social contexts defined by the presence of particular conspecifics. We examined this by exposing rats to a series of manipulations of the social context, including the presence of familiar male, unfamiliar male and female conspecifics, in order to determine whether remapping is a plausible mechanism for encoding socially-defined contexts. Because the dorsal and ventral regions of the hippocampus are thought to play different roles in spatial and social cognition, we recorded neurons in both regions. Surprisingly, we found little evidence of remapping in response to manipulation of the social context in either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus, although we saw typical remapping in response to changing the background color. This result suggests that remapping is not the primary mechanism for encoding different social contexts. However, we found that a subset of hippocampal neurons fired selectively near the cages that contained the conspecifics, and these responses were most prevalent in the ventral hippocampus. We also found a striking increase in the spatial information content of ventral hippocampal firing patterns. These results indicate that the ventral hippocampus is sensitive to changes in the social context and neurons that respond selectively near the conspecific cages could play an important, if not fully understood role in encoding the conjunction of conspecifics, their location and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Wu
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Eunice Yiu
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - David M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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29
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Xu M, Wang Q, Li B, Qian S, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Liu K, Xin K, Niu Y. Cerebellum and hippocampus abnormalities in patients with insomnia comorbid depression: a study on cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202514. [PMID: 37397441 PMCID: PMC10311636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic insomnia disorder and major depressive disorder are highly-occurred mental diseases with extensive social harm. The comorbidity of these two diseases is commonly seen in clinical practice, but the mechanism remains unclear. To observe the characteristics of cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity in patients, so as to explore the potential pathogenesis and biological imaging markers, thereby improving the understanding of their comorbidity mechanism. 44 patients with chronic insomnia disorder comorbid major depressive disorder and 43 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The severity of insomnia and depression were assessed by questionnaire. The cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity values of participants were obtained to, analyze their correlation with questionnaire scores. The cerebral blood flow in cerebellum, vermis, right hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus of patients were reduced, which was negatively related to the severity of insomnia or depression. The connectivities of left cerebellum-right putamen and right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus were increased, showing positive correlations with the severity of insomnia and depression. Decreased connectivities of left cerebellum-left fusiform gyrus, left cerebellum-left occipital lobe, right hippocampus-right paracentral lobule, right hippocampus-right precentral gyrus were partially associated with insomnia or depression. The connectivity of right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus may mediate between insomnia and depression. Insomnia and depression can cause changes in cerebral blood flow and brain function. Changes in the cerebellar and hippocampal regions are the result of insomnia and depression. They reflect abnormalities in sleep and emotion regulation. That may be involved in the pathogenesis of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Xu
- Postgraduate Training Base of the 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kuolin Xin
- Sleep Clinic, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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30
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Rosenblau G, Frolichs K, Korn CW. A neuro-computational social learning framework to facilitate transdiagnostic classification and treatment across psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105181. [PMID: 37062494 PMCID: PMC10236440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits are among the core and most striking psychiatric symptoms, present in most psychiatric disorders. Here, we introduce a novel social learning framework, which consists of neuro-computational models that combine reinforcement learning with various types of social knowledge structures. We outline how this social learning framework can help specify and quantify social psychopathology across disorders and provide an overview of the brain regions that may be involved in this type of social learning. We highlight how this framework can specify commonalities and differences in the social psychopathology of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), personality disorders (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) and improve treatments on an individual basis. We conjecture that individuals with psychiatric disorders rely on rigid social knowledge representations when learning about others, albeit the nature of their rigidity and the behavioral consequences can greatly differ. While non-clinical cohorts tend to efficiently adapt social knowledge representations to relevant environmental constraints, psychiatric cohorts may rigidly stick to their preconceived notions or overly coarse knowledge representations during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosenblau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Koen Frolichs
- Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Korn
- Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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31
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Cabré M, Blanco J, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy differentially affects social behavior and GABA signaling elements in an APOE- and sex-dependent manner in a transgenic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115461. [PMID: 36796608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some previous studies have shown that prenatal, but not postnatal, CPF exposure causes social behavior deficits in mice depending on sex while others have found that in transgenic mice models carrying the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 and ε4 allele confer different vulnerabilities to either behavioral or metabolic disorders after CPF exposure. This study aims to evaluate, in both sexes, how prenatal CPF exposure and APOE genotype impact on social behavior and its relation to changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. For this purpose, apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice were exposed through the diet to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF, between gestational day 12 and 18. A three-chamber test was used to assess social behavior on postnatal day (PND) 45. Then, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampal samples were analyzed to study the gene expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic elements. Results showed that prenatal exposure to CPF impaired social novelty preference and increased the expression of GABA-A α1 subunit in females of both genotypes. In addition, the expression of GAD1, the ionic cotransporter KCC2 and the GABA-A α2 and α5 subunits were increased in apoE3 mice, whereas CPF treatment only accentuated the expression of GAD1 and KCC2. Nevertheless, future research is needed to evaluate whether the influences detected in the GABAergic system are present and functionally relevant in adults and old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
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Li J, Zhang X, Yang H, Yang M, Sun H. Lack of correlation between hippocampal substructure atrophy and attention dysfunction in deficit schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 37080983 PMCID: PMC10119300 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal abnormalities are an established finding in the neuroimaging study of schizophrenia. However, no studies have examined the possibility of regional hippocampal abnormalities specific to deficit schizophrenia (DS) and associations with the unique symptoms of this schizophrenia subtype. This study compared 33 DS and 39 non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients and 38 healthy subjects for hippocampal subfield volumetry. Clinical symptoms were assessed by PANSS, cognition by the neurocognitive battery on the day of the MRI scan. The automatic hippocampal segmentation were preprocesses use FreeSurfer 7.2.0. Unfortunately, the associations between neurocognitive scores and hippocampal subfield volumes in the DS group were not significant after the Bonferroni correction. Our results did not support a causal relationship between hippocampal subregional atrophy and cognitive deficits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 11 Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 11 Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003, PR China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003, PR China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 11 Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China.
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33
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Li Z, Dong Q, Hu B, Wu H. Every individual makes a difference: A trinity derived from linking individual brain morphometry, connectivity and mentalising ability. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3343-3358. [PMID: 37051692 PMCID: PMC10171537 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mentalising ability, indexed as the ability to understand others' beliefs, feelings, intentions, thoughts and traits, is a pivotal and fundamental component of human social cognition. However, considering the multifaceted nature of mentalising ability, little research has focused on characterising individual differences in different mentalising components. And even less research has been devoted to investigating how the variance in the structural and functional patterns of the amygdala and hippocampus, two vital subcortical regions of the "social brain", are related to inter-individual variability in mentalising ability. Here, as a first step toward filling these gaps, we exploited inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA) to assess relationships between amygdala and hippocampal morphometry (surface-based multivariate morphometry statistics, MMS), connectivity (resting-state functional connectivity, rs-FC) and mentalising ability (interactive mentalisation questionnaire [IMQ] scores) across the participants ( N = 24 $$ N=24 $$ ). In IS-RSA, we proposed a novel pipeline, that is, computing patching and pooling operations-based surface distance (CPP-SD), to obtain a decent representation for high-dimensional MMS data. On this basis, we found significant correlations (i.e., second-order isomorphisms) between these three distinct modalities, indicating that a trinity existed in idiosyncratic patterns of brain morphometry, connectivity and mentalising ability. Notably, a region-related mentalising specificity emerged from these associations: self-self and self-other mentalisation are more related to the hippocampus, while other-self mentalisation shows a closer link with the amygdala. Furthermore, by utilising the dyadic regression analysis, we observed significant interactions such that subject pairs with similar morphometry had even greater mentalising similarity if they were also similar in rs-FC. Altogether, we demonstrated the feasibility and illustrated the promise of using IS-RSA to study individual differences, deepening our understanding of how individual brains give rise to their mentalising abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoning Li
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Qunxi Dong
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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Escriche Chova P, Ferrer E, Goetze LR, Dufek ME, Freeman SM, Bales KL. Neural and behavioral reactions to partners and strangers in monogamous female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114334. [PMID: 36781020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Pair bonding in humans and other socially monogamous species can have positive effects on health and well-being. These attachments also come with the potential for challenges such as separation, jealousy, or grief. Much of the work on the neurobiology of pair bonding in non-human primates has been carried out in coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus), a monogamous South American monkey, although these studies have been primarily in males. In the current study, we utilized female titi monkeys to experimentally examine responses to their monogamous male partner vs. a male stranger or being alone. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed on eight adult female titi monkeys from well-established pairs. We used a within-subjects design in which each female underwent three different conditions after the fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) injection: a) the subject was reunited with her partner, b) encountered a stranger, or c) was alone in the experimental cage. Behavioural observations were recorded, and plasma assayed for cortisol. Females housed alone showed higher cortisol compared with either the partner or stranger conditions. FDG uptake was higher in the amygdala and hippocampus when interacting with the stranger than the partner. Proximity modulated the relationship between social condition and FDG uptake in several areas. Females entered into mutual proximity more frequently with the partner than with the stranger. Female titi monkeys have different physiological, neural, and behavioural reactions to being with their partner, a stranger male, or being alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Escriche Chova
- California National Primate Research Center, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Emilio Ferrer
- Department of Psychology, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Leana R Goetze
- California National Primate Research Center, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Madison E Dufek
- California National Primate Research Center, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sara M Freeman
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Karen L Bales
- California National Primate Research Center, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, UC-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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35
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Zhu N, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Wang Y, Yang J, Colgin LL, Zheng C. Hippocampal oscillatory dynamics in freely behaving rats during exploration of social and non-social stimuli. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:411-429. [PMID: 37007194 PMCID: PMC10050611 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal CA2 supports social memory and encodes information about social experiences. Our previous study showed that CA2 place cells responded specifically to social stimuli (Nat Commun, (Alexander et al. 2016)). In addition, a prior study showed that activation of CA2 induces slow gamma rhythms (~ 25-55 Hz) in the hippocampus (Elife, (Alexander 2018)). Together, these results raise the question of whether slow gamma rhythms coordinate CA2 activity during social information processing. We hypothesized that slow gamma would be associated with transmission of social memories from CA2 to CA1, perhaps to integrate information across regions or promote social memory retrieval. We recorded local field potentials from hippocampal subfields CA1, CA2, and CA3 of 4 rats performing a social exploration task. We analyzed the activity of theta, slow gamma, and fast gamma rhythms, as well as sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), within each subfield. We assessed interactions between subfields during social exploration sessions and during presumed social memory retrieval in post-social exploration sessions. We found that CA2 slow gamma rhythms increased during social interactions but not during non-social exploration. CA2-CA1 theta-show gamma coupling was enhanced during social exploration. Furthermore, CA1 slow gamma rhythms and SWRs were associated with presumed social memory retrieval. In conclusion, these results suggest that CA2-CA1 interactions via slow gamma rhythms occur during social memory encoding, and CA1 slow gamma is associated with retrieval of social experience. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09829-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805 USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805 USA
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
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Cope EC, Wang SH, Waters RC, Gore IR, Vasquez B, Laham BJ, Gould E. Activation of the CA2-ventral CA1 pathway reverses social discrimination dysfunction in Shank3B knockout mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1750. [PMID: 36991001 PMCID: PMC10060401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation or deletion of the SHANK3 gene, which encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein, is linked to autism spectrum disorder and Phelan-McDermid syndrome, conditions associated with social memory impairments. Shank3B knockout mice also exhibit social memory deficits. The CA2 region of the hippocampus integrates numerous inputs and sends a major output to the ventral CA1 (vCA1). Despite finding few differences in excitatory afferents to the CA2 in Shank3B knockout mice, we found that activation of CA2 neurons as well as the CA2-vCA1 pathway restored social recognition function to wildtype levels. vCA1 neuronal oscillations have been linked to social memory, but we observed no differences in these measures between wildtype and Shank3B knockout mice. However, activation of the CA2 enhanced vCA1 theta power in Shank3B knockout mice, concurrent with behavioral improvements. These findings suggest that stimulating adult circuitry in a mouse model with neurodevelopmental impairments can invoke latent social memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Samantha H Wang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Renée C Waters
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Isha R Gore
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Betsy Vasquez
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Blake J Laham
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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Guelton B. “Mental maps”: Between memorial transcription and symbolic projection. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1142238. [PMID: 37057159 PMCID: PMC10086158 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
“The mental map” is a concept that has been used and defined in numerous ways. The cognitive map, and the concept map–also known as the “heuristic” or “mind” map–are the two distinct contextual meanings covered by the term mental map in the present article. In the mental map domain, the first major field of study is geography, spatial cognition, and neurophysiology and it aims to understand how the route taken by a subject (or a set of subjects) in space leads to memorization and internal representation(s). In general, the externalization of these representations takes the form of drawings, positioning in a graph, or oral/textual narratives, but it is primarily reflected as a behavior in space that can be recorded as tracking items. A second field of study, one which is geared more toward exploratory and combinatorial uses, is the concept (also heuristic or mind) map which consists in organizing notions, concepts, and information in the form of tree graphs or graphs that can be used to produce diagrams and flowcharts. The aim is projective, for clarification and discovery purposes or for data organization and visualization. To date, very few studies in the literature have examined the similar, overlapping and oppositional features in what is broadly referred to as “representation(s) of space” and “space(s) of representation.” How can we better apprehend the complex notion of “mental map?” The question of memorial transcription? Of “symbolic projection?” Can we identify meeting points between these two polarities and, if possible, a continuum? Through the notion of cognitive graph, recent advances in the understanding of brain mechanisms enable us to approach the distinctions between cognitive map and conceptual map as an articulated and continuous whole.
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Diethorn EJ, Gould E. Postnatal development of hippocampal CA2 structure and function during the emergence of social recognition of peers. Hippocampus 2023; 33:208-222. [PMID: 36309963 PMCID: PMC10028396 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is now well-established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. The CA2 is also important for the earliest social memories, including those that mice have for their mothers and littermates, which manifest themselves as a social preference for familiarity over novelty. The role of the CA2 in the development of social memory for recently encountered same-age conspecifics, that is, peers, has not been previously reported. Here, we used a direct social interaction test to characterize the emergence of novelty preference for peers during development and found that at the end of the second postnatal week, pups begin to significantly prefer novel over familiar peers. Using chemogenetic inhibition at this time, we showed that CA2 activity is necessary for the emergence of novelty preference and for the ability to distinguish never encountered from recently encountered peers. In adulthood, the CA2 region is known to integrate a large number of inputs from various sources, many of which participate in social recognition memory, but previous studies have not determined whether these afferents are present at adult levels by the end of the second postnatal week. To explore the development of CA2 inputs, we used immunolabeling and retrograde adenovirus circuit tracing and found that, by the end of the second postnatal week, the CA2 is innervated by many regions, including the dentate gyrus, supramammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, the lateral entorhinal cortex, and the median raphe nucleus. Using retroviral labeling of postnatally generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus, we found that mossy fiber projections to the CA2 mature faster during development than those generated in adulthood. Together, our findings indicate that the CA2 is partially mature in afferent connectivity by the end of the second postnatal week, connections that likely facilitate the emergence of social recognition memory and preference for novel peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Diethorn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Chemogenetic rectification of the inhibitory tone onto hippocampal neurons reverts autistic-like traits and normalizes local expression of estrogen receptors in the Ambra1+/- mouse model of female autism. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 36804922 PMCID: PMC9941573 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Female, but not male, mice with haploinsufficiency for the proautophagic Ambra1 gene show an autistic-like phenotype associated with hippocampal circuits dysfunctions which include loss of parvalbuminergic interneurons (PV-IN), decrease in the inhibition/excitation ratio, and abundance of immature dendritic spines on CA1 pyramidal neurons. Given the paucity of data relating to female autism, we exploit the Ambra1+/- female model to investigate whether rectifying the inhibitory input onto hippocampal principal neurons (PN) rescues their ASD-like phenotype at both the systems and circuits level. Moreover, being the autistic phenotype exclusively observed in the female mice, we control the effect of the mutation and treatment on hippocampal expression of estrogen receptors (ER). Here we show that excitatory DREADDs injected in PV_Cre Ambra1+/- females augment the inhibitory input onto CA1 principal neurons (PN), rescue their social and attentional impairments, and normalize dendritic spine abnormalities and ER expression in the hippocampus. By providing the first evidence that hippocampal excitability jointly controls autistic-like traits and ER in a model of female autism, our findings identify an autophagy deficiency-related mechanism of hippocampal neural and hormonal dysregulation which opens novel perspectives for treatments specifically designed for autistic females.
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40
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Marrero H, Yagual SN, Lemus A, García-Marco E, Díaz JM, Gámez E, Urrutia M, Beltrán D. Social approach and avoidance in language: N400-like ERP negativity indexes congruency and theta rhythms the conflict. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1300-1309. [PMID: 35368078 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivational congruency has been examined using tasks where participants perform approach or avoidance movements towards socially positive or negative faces. Language is tightly intertwined with interpersonal cognition. Thus, similar situations could be represented by means of language in interpersonal contexts: adjectives furnish valence to people (e.g. someone is cordial or arrogant), and attitudinal verbs define direction to relationship-actions: approach-avoidance (e.g. accept vs. reject). In an Electroencephalography (EEG) study, 40 participants were presented with sentences where a character was valenced (e.g. "Arthur is cordial/arrogant") before being the target of a relationship-actions ("Grisela welcomed/ignored Arthur at the party"). We analyzed both Event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and time-frequency power in response to the attitudinal verb. For ERP amplitudes, we found a significant cluster between 280 and 370 ms, covering part of the development of a N400-like ERP component. This cluster reflects an interaction driven by congruency between motivational direction and target valence. Likewise, time-frequency power analysis revealed an enhancement of theta rhythms under incongruent conditions, most likely indexing conflict processing. Results support that relationship-actions are represented as approach and avoidance and thus involve conflict processing and resolution of incongruent situations. Implications for the interweaving of affective language and social cognition within Embodiment Simulation Theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hipólito Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Nila Yagual
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE), La Libertad Santa Elena, Provincia de Santa Elena EC240250, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Lemus
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Marco
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, 38300 La Orotava, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Díaz
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Gámez
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mabel Urrutia
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas, Concepción 1290, Chile
| | - David Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Shih YT, Alipio JB, Sahay A. An inhibitory circuit-based enhancer of Dyrk1a function reverses Dyrk1a -associated impairment in social recognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526955. [PMID: 36778241 PMCID: PMC9915696 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a Dyrk1a gene define a syndromic form of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The synaptic and circuit mechanisms mediating Dyrk1a functions in social cognition are unclear. Here, we identify a social experience-sensitive mechanism in hippocampal mossy fiber-parvalbumin interneuron (PV IN) synapses by which Dyrk1a recruits feedforward inhibition of CA3 and CA2 to promote social recognition. We employ genetic epistasis logic to identify a cytoskeletal protein, Ablim3, as a synaptic substrate of Dyrk1a. We demonstrate that Ablim3 downregulation in dentate granule cells of adult hemizygous Dyrk1a mice is sufficient to restore PV IN mediated inhibition of CA3 and CA2 and social recognition. Acute chemogenetic activation of PV INs in CA3/CA2 of adult hemizygous Dyrk1a mice also rescued social recognition. Together, these findings illustrate how targeting Dyrk1a synaptic and circuit substrates as "enhancers of Dyrk1a function" harbors potential to reverse Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency-associated circuit and cognition impairments. Highlights Dyrk1a in mossy fibers recruits PV IN mediated feed-forward inhibition of CA3 and CA2Dyrk1a-Ablim3 signaling in mossy fiber-PV IN synapses promotes inhibition of CA3 and CA2 Downregulating Ablim3 restores PV IN excitability, CA3/CA2 inhibition and social recognition in Dyrk1a+/- mice Chemogenetic activation of PV INs in CA3/CA2 rescues social recognition in Dyrk1a+/- mice.
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Meyer ML. Don't You Forget About Me: The Importance of Studying the Brain Basis of Real-world Interpersonal Memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:149-157. [PMID: 36306251 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that humans are a highly social species, we know relatively little about how people remember the rich interpersonal information filling their social lives. This gap is surprising: One function of memory has been suggested to be relationship maintenance [Neisser, U. Time present and time past. Practical Aspects of Memory: Current Research and Issues, 2, 545-560, 1988]. A major barrier to understanding the brain basis of interpersonal memory is that traditional brain imaging methods are not ideally suited to study memory for the nuanced interpersonal experiences comprising our social lives. Yet, recent and rapidly developing advances in the analysis of brain responses to naturalistic social information can help researchers surpass this methodological barrier. This perspective piece articulates the importance of studying the brain basis of real-world social memories and suggests new directions in interpersonal memory research. This includes investigating the brain mechanisms that represent the content and structure of real-world interpersonal memories as well as how they are altered in mental health conditions associated with social memory biases.
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Parallel Pathways Provide Hippocampal Spatial Information to Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:68-81. [PMID: 36414405 PMCID: PMC9838712 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0846-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range synaptic connections define how information flows through neuronal networks. Here, we combined retrograde and anterograde trans-synaptic viruses to delineate areas that exert direct and indirect influence over the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the rat (both sexes). Notably, retrograde tracing using pseudorabies virus (PRV) revealed that both dorsal and ventral areas of the PFC receive prominent disynaptic input from the dorsal CA3 (dCA3) region of the hippocampus. The PRV experiments also identified candidate anatomical relays for this disynaptic pathway, namely, the ventral hippocampus, lateral septum, thalamus, amygdala, and basal forebrain. To determine the viability of each of these relays, we performed three additional experiments. In the first, we injected the retrograde monosynaptic tracer Fluoro-Gold into the PFC and the anterograde monosynaptic tracer Fluoro-Ruby into the dCA3 to confirm the first-order connecting areas and revealed several potential relay regions between the PFC and dCA3. In the second, we combined PRV injection in the PFC with polysynaptic anterograde viral tracer (HSV-1) in the dCA3 to reveal colabeled connecting neurons, which were evident only in the ventral hippocampus. In the third, we combined retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAV) injections in the PFC with an anterograde AAV in the dCA3 to reveal anatomical relay neurons in the ventral hippocampus and dorsal lateral septum. Together, these findings reveal parallel disynaptic pathways from the dCA3 to the PFC, illuminating a new anatomical framework for understanding hippocampal-prefrontal interactions. We suggest that the representation of context and space may be a universal feature of prefrontal function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The known functions of the prefrontal cortex are shaped by input from multiple brain areas. We used transneuronal viral tracing to discover multiple prominent disynaptic pathways through which the dorsal hippocampus (specifically, the dorsal CA3) has the potential to shape the actions of the prefrontal cortex. The demonstration of neuronal relays in the ventral hippocampus and lateral septum presents a new foundation for understanding long-range influences over prefrontal interactions, including the specific contribution of the dorsal CA3 to prefrontal function.
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44
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Kislov MA, Prikhod'ko AN, Trusova DS, Zhiganova MS, Morozova AY, Pigolkin YI. [Morphofunctional cerebral changes associated with development of suicidal behavior]. Sud Med Ekspert 2023; 66:67-72. [PMID: 37496486 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20236604167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to identify the cerebral areas, which demonstrate the most significant structural changes and damaged functional activity in patients with suicidal behavior. The original studies, presented in PubMed database, were used to analyze the literature. Additional literature in the form of atlases, review articles and publications, written in related spheres, was used to interpret the results. The study identified the 69 cerebral regions, demonstrating significant changes and the structures with the most significant deviations among them were selected. The regions of cerebral grey matter, in particular basal ganglia (structures of striatum and limbic system), as well as selected regions of cerebral cortex, specifically frontal, insularis, singulate and parietal mostly were included in the list. The decrease in grey matter volume, changes of neuronal and glial density, special patterns of activity and variations of functional association with other cerebral regions are described within mentioned structures. The literature review found that there was a lack of postmortem examinations in suicidal cases. Advanced study of the described structures is required in cases of completed suicide using new research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kislov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D S Trusova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zhiganova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Morozova
- Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu I Pigolkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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45
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Singh V, Grewal KS, Vibha D, Singh RK, Ramanujam B, Nehra A, Chandra SP, Gaikwad S, Babu I, Tripathi M. Cortico-limbic disruption, material-specificity, and deficits in cognitive-affective theory of mind. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad100. [PMID: 37101833 PMCID: PMC10123397 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Theory of Mind deficit due to cognitive-affective disintegration is a poorly understood cognitive consequence of cortical and subcortical disruption in right temporal lobe epilepsy. Following Marr's trilevel approach, we used the material-specific processing model to understand the Theory of Mind deficit in drug-resistant epilepsy (N = 30). We examined pre- and post-surgery changes in first-order (somatic-affective, non-verbal component) and second-order Theory of Mind (cognitive-verbal component) in three groups formed using: (i) seizure side (right versus left), (ii) right temporal epilepsy (right temporal lobe epilepsy versus non-right temporal lobe epilepsy), and (iii) right temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdalohippocampectomy (right temporal lobe epilepsy versus left temporal lobe epilepsy amygdalohippocampectomy versus non-amygdalohippocampectomy). We observed a marked deficit in the first-order Theory of Mind in the right temporal lobe amygdalohippocampectomy group; we mapped this deficit to decline in the non-verbal component of Theory of Mind (somatic-affective component). Preliminary results support using a material-specific processing model to understand the Theory of Mind deficits in right temporal lobe epilepsy amygdalohippocampectomy. Malleability of verbal processing in presence of deterioration of non-verbal processing might have clinical relevance for post-surgery recovery in right temporal lobe epilepsy amygdalohippocampectomy. Documenting the material-specific nature of deficits (verbal versus non-verbal) in non-western, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse country enables us to understand the problem of heterogeneity in post-surgery cognitive consequences in the right amygdalohippocampectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Psychology, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kirat S Grewal
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Bhargavi Ramanujam
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashima Nehra
- Neuropsychology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sarat P Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shailesh Gaikwad
- Department of Neuroimaging Interventional Neuroradiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Indupriya Babu
- The UQIDAR Joint Ph.D. program, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT), New Delhi 110016.India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Correspondence to: Manjari Tripathi Room no 705, 7th Floor Department of Neurology AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India E-mail:
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46
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Oliva A. CA2 physiology underlying social memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102642. [PMID: 36215845 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, convergent evidence has emerged in support of the idea of social brain networks, specific brain regions that are interconnected and support social behaviors. One of these regions is the CA2 area of the hippocampus, a small region strongly connected with cortical and subcortical areas implicated in social behaviors. Furthermore, CA2 area is enriched in receptors for several neuromodulators that are related to various aspects of social behaviors, suggesting that this area could be a key component of social information processing in the brain. In this review, recent findings related to the physiological mechanisms underlying the role of CA2 in social memory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Oliva
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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47
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Turner VS, O’Sullivan RO, Kheirbek MA. Linking external stimuli with internal drives: A role for the ventral hippocampus. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102590. [PMID: 35753108 PMCID: PMC9818033 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) has long been thought of as the "emotional" hippocampus. Over the past several years, the complexity of vHPC has come to light, highlighting the diversity of cell types, inputs, and outputs that coordinate a constellation of positively and negatively motivated behaviors. Here, we review recent work on how vCA1 contributes to a network that associates external stimuli with internal motivational drive states to promote the selection of adaptive behavioral responses. We propose a model of vHPC function that emphasizes its role in the integration and transformation of internal and external cues to guide behavioral selection when faced with multiple potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Turner
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Mazen A. Kheirbek
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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48
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Blanco J, Basaure P, Cabré M, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Prenatal, but not postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos affects social behavior of mice and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in a sex-dependent manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113423. [PMID: 36113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is essential for proper brain development. An imbalance between these two systems has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. On the other hand, literature also associates the massive use of pesticides with the increase of these disorders, with a particular focus on chlorpyrifos (CPF) a world-wide used organophosphate pesticide. This study was aimed at assessing social autistic-like behaviors on mice pre or postnatally exposed to CPF (0 or 1 mg/kg/day), in both sexes. In prenatal exposure, C57BL/6J pregnant mice were exposed to CPF through the diet, between gestational days (GD) 12 and 18, while a positive control group for some autistic behaviors was exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. To assess postnatal exposure, C57BL/6J mice were orally exposed to the vehicle (corn oil) or CPF, from postnatal days (PND) 10-15. Social behavior and gene expression analysis were assessed on PND 45. Results showed social alterations only in males prenatally treated. GABA system was upregulated in CPF-treated females, whereas an increase in both systems was observed in both treated males. These findings suggest that males are more sensitive to prenatal CPF exposure, favoring the sex bias observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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Beadle JN, Heller A, Rosenbaum RS, Davidson PSR, Tranel D, Duff M. Amygdala but not hippocampal damage associated with smaller social network size. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108311. [PMID: 35810880 PMCID: PMC9887793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Social network size has been associated with complex socio-cognitive processes (e.g., memory, perspective taking). Supporting this idea, recent neuroimaging studies in healthy adults have reported a relationship between social network size and brain volumes in regions related to memory and social cognition (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala). Lesion-deficit studies in neurological patients are rare and have been inconclusive due to differences in participant sampling and measurement. The present study uses a multiple case study approach. We investigated patients with focal damage to the hippocampus and/or amygdala (two neural structures thought to be critical for social networks), and examined the patients' social network size, loneliness, and life satisfaction relative to a non-injured comparison group. Patients with amygdalar damage had smaller social networks and reported higher levels of loneliness and lower life satisfaction, on average, than comparison participants. Patients with damage to the hippocampus reported more friends than the comparison participants, but did not differ in their ratings of loneliness or life satisfaction. This lesion study offers new evidence that the amygdala is critical for social networks, life satisfaction, and reduced loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle N Beadle
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA.
| | - Abi Heller
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Tranel
- Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Melissa Duff
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA
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50
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Breakdown of utilitarian moral judgement after basolateral amygdala damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119072119. [PMID: 35878039 PMCID: PMC9351380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119072119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of us would regard killing another person as morally wrong, but when the death of one saves multiple others, it can be morally permitted. According to a prominent computational dual-systems framework, in these life-and-death dilemmas, deontological (nonsacrificial) moral judgments stem from a model-free algorithm that emphasizes the intrinsic value of the sacrificial action, while utilitarian (sacrificial) moral judgments are derived from a model-based algorithm that emphasizes the outcome of the sacrificial action. Rodent decision-making research suggests that the model-based algorithm depends on the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but these findings have not yet been translated to human moral decision-making. Here, in five humans with selective, bilateral BLA damage, we show a breakdown of utilitarian sacrificial moral judgments, pointing at deficient model-based moral decision-making. Across an established set of moral dilemmas, healthy controls frequently sacrifice one person to save numerous others, but BLA-damaged humans withhold such sacrificial judgments even at the cost of thousands of lives. Our translational research confirms a neurocomputational hypothesis drawn from rodent decision-making research by indicating that the model-based algorithm which underlies outcome-based, utilitarian moral judgements in humans critically depends on the BLA.
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