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Brunßen D, Suter B. Effects of unstable β-PheRS on food avoidance, growth, and development are suppressed by the appetite hormone CCHa2. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2308737. [PMID: 38374657 PMCID: PMC10880493 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases perform diverse non-canonical functions aside from their essential role in charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acid. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) is an α2β2 tetramer that is needed for charging the tRNAPhe for its translation activity. Fragments of the α-subunit have been shown to display an additional, translation-independent, function that activates growth and proliferation and counteracts Notch signalling. Here we show in Drosophila that overexpressing the β-subunit in the context of the complete PheRS leads to larval roaming, food avoidance, slow growth, and a developmental delay that can last several days and even prevents pupation. These behavioural and developmental phenotypes are induced by PheRS expression in CCHa2+ and Pros+ cells. Simultaneous expression of β-PheRS, α-PheRS, and the appetite-inducing CCHa2 peptide rescued these phenotypes, linking this β-PheRS activity to the appetite-controlling pathway. The fragmentation dynamic of the excessive β-PheRS points to β-PheRS fragments as possible candidate inducers of these phenotypes. Because fragmentation of human FARS has also been observed in human cells and mutations in human β-PheRS (FARSB) can lead to problems in gaining weight, Drosophila β-PheRS can also serve as a model for the human phenotype and possibly also for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Nayır Büyükşahin H, Emiralioğlu N, Yalçın E, Ozcan HN, Oğuz B, Utine GE, Kiper PÖ, Karaosmanoğlu B, Orhan D, Unal S, Güzelkaş İ, Alboğa D, Doğru D, Özçelik U, Kiper N. Two cases with undefined childhood interstitial lung disease: Can it be related to telomere variants? J Paediatr Child Health 2024. [PMID: 39248546 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Halime Nayır Büyükşahin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yalçın
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Nursun Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oğuz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Özlem Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beren Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diclehan Orhan
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Unal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Güzelkaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Alboğa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Doğru
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Özçelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Wambach JA, Vece TJ. Clinical and research innovations in childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:2233-2235. [PMID: 38651871 PMCID: PMC11324416 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy J Vece
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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4
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Meyer-Schuman R, Cale AR, Pierluissi JA, Jonatzke KE, Park YN, Lenk GM, Oprescu SN, Grachtchouk MA, Dlugosz AA, Beg AA, Meisler MH, Antonellis A. A model organism pipeline provides insight into the clinical heterogeneity of TARS1 loss-of-function variants. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100324. [PMID: 38956874 PMCID: PMC11284558 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that complete the first step of protein translation: ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Genes encoding ARSs have been implicated in myriad dominant and recessive phenotypes, the latter often affecting multiple tissues but with frequent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems, liver, and lungs. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS1) encodes the enzyme that ligates threonine to tRNATHR in the cytoplasm. To date, TARS1 variants have been implicated in a recessive brittle hair phenotype. To better understand TARS1-related recessive phenotypes, we engineered three TARS1 missense variants at conserved residues and studied these variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans models. This revealed two loss-of-function variants, including one hypomorphic allele (R433H). We next used R433H to study the effects of partial loss of TARS1 function in a compound heterozygous mouse model (R432H/null). This model presents with phenotypes reminiscent of patients with TARS1 variants and with distinct lung and skin defects. This study expands the potential clinical heterogeneity of TARS1-related recessive disease, which should guide future clinical and genetic evaluations of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison R Cale
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kira E Jonatzke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young N Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asim A Beg
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Giunta-Stibb H, Hackett B. Interstitial lung disease in the newborn. J Perinatol 2024:10.1038/s41372-024-02036-9. [PMID: 38956315 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-02036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although relatively rare, interstitial lung diseases may present with respiratory distress in the newborn period. Most commonly these include developmental and growth disorders, disorders of surfactant synthesis and homeostasis, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Although the diagnosis of these disorders is sometimes made based on clinical presentation and imaging, due to the significant overlap between disorders and phenotypic variability, lung biopsy or, increasingly genetic testing is needed for diagnosis. These diseases may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Effective medical treatment options are in some cases limited and/or invasive. The genetic basis for some of these disorders has been identified, and with increased utilization of exome and whole genome sequencing even before lung biopsy, further insights into their genetic etiologies should become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Giunta-Stibb
- Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Brian Hackett
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Meyer-Schuman R, Cale AR, Pierluissi JA, Jonatzke KE, Park YN, Lenk GM, Oprescu SN, Grachtchouk MA, Dlugosz AA, Beg AA, Meisler MH, Antonellis A. Predictive modeling provides insight into the clinical heterogeneity associated with TARS1 loss-of-function mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586600. [PMID: 38585737 PMCID: PMC10996635 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that complete the first step of protein translation: ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Genes encoding ARSs have been implicated in myriad dominant and recessive phenotypes, the latter often affecting multiple tissues but with frequent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system, liver, and lungs. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS1) encodes the enzyme that ligates threonine to tRNATHR in the cytoplasm. To date, TARS1 variants have been implicated in a recessive brittle hair phenotype. To better understand TARS1-related recessive phenotypes, we engineered three TARS1 missense mutations predicted to cause a loss-of-function effect and studied these variants in yeast and worm models. This revealed two loss-of-function mutations, including one hypomorphic allele (R433H). We next used R433H to study the effects of partial loss of TARS1 function in a compound heterozygous mouse model (R433H/null). This model presents with phenotypes reminiscent of patients with TARS1 variants and with distinct lung and skin defects. This study expands the potential clinical heterogeneity of TARS1-related recessive disease, which should guide future clinical and genetic evaluations of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison R. Cale
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kira E. Jonatzke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Young N. Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guy M. Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej A. Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asim A. Beg
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam H. Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Guo R, Chen Y, Hu X, Qi Z, Guo J, Li Y, Hao C. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency caused by biallelic variants in FARSA gene and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:245. [PMID: 37833669 PMCID: PMC10571242 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are indispensable enzymes for protein biosynthesis in cells. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARS1) located in cytoplasm which consists of two FARS alpha subunits (FARSA) and two FARS beta subunits (FARSB). Autosomal recessive inheritance of pathogenic variants of FARSA or FARSB can result in defective FARS1 which are characterized by interstitial lung disease, liver disease, brain abnormalities, facial dysmorphism and growth restriction. METHODS Exome sequencing was used to detect the candidate variants. The in silico prediction and expressional level analysis were performed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the variations. Additionally, we presented the patient's detailed clinical information and compared the clinical feature with other previously reported patients with FARSA-deficiency. RESULTS We identified compound heterozygous rare missense variants (c.1172 T > C/ p.Leu391Pro and c.1211G > A/ p.Arg404His) in FARSA gene in a Chinese male patient. The protein structure prediction and the analysis of levels of FARSA and FARSB subunits indicated both variants pathogenic. Clinical feature review indicated inflammatory symptoms in young infants may be an additional key feature. Thyroid dysfunction should be considered as a phenotype with variable penetrance. CONCLUSIONS Our results expanded the current phenotypic and genetic spectrum of FARSA-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yuanying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Outpatient Department, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Nathan N, Griese M, Michel K, Carlens J, Gilbert C, Emiralioglu N, Torrent-Vernetta A, Marczak H, Willemse B, Delestrain C, Epaud R. Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220188. [PMID: 36813289 PMCID: PMC9945877 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0188-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. An accurate and quick aetiological diagnosis may contribute to better management and personalised treatment. On behalf of the European Respiratory Society Clinical Research Collaboration for chILD (ERS CRC chILD-EU), this review summarises the roles of the general paediatrician, paediatric pulmonologists and expert centres in the complex diagnostic workup. Each patient's aetiological chILD diagnosis must be reached without prolonged delays in a stepwise approach from medical history, signs, symptoms, clinical tests and imaging, to advanced genetic analysis and specialised procedures including bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy, if necessary. Finally, as medical progress is fast, the need to revisit a diagnosis of "undefined chILD" is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Nathan
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Pediatric Pulmonology Department and Reference Center for Rare Lung Disease RespiRare, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France .,Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S933 Laboratory of Childhood Genetic Diseases, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, German Centre for Lung Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Michel
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, German Centre for Lung Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Carlens
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlee Gilbert
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alba Torrent-Vernetta
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Honorata Marczak
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brigitte Willemse
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Céline Delestrain
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Créteil, France,Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Rares (RESPIRARE®), CRCM, Créteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Créteil, France,Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Rares (RESPIRARE®), CRCM, Créteil, France,University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
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Li Y, Liu G, Yu F, Jiang Y. Successful treatment of rapid progressive interstitial lung disease in a case of anti-Zo antibody positive anti-synthetase syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:370-375. [PMID: 36269556 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by detectable anti-aminoacyl-transfer-RNA antibodies. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in anti-synthetase syndrome patients is often severe and rapidly progressive. Anti-Zo (phenylalanyl) antibody is reported rarely in ASS. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of anti-Zo positive ASS is unclear. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present a case of anti-Zo-positive ASS with rapid progressive ILD (RP-ILD) in a Chinese patient successfully treated with a combination of systemic corticosteroids and tacrolimus. CONCLUSION We reviewed 13 anti-Zo-positive ASS patients (including our case) and summarized clinical features that have some differences with other ASS. Anti-Zo-positive ASS is a rare autoimmune disease with a high burden of ILD, is often severe and rapidly progressive. Corticosteroids with tacrolimus may improve patient outcomes in anti-Zo antibody positive ASS with RP-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjiao Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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[Interstitial lung diseases in children of genetic origin]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:38-46. [PMID: 36564324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases in children of genetic origin. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders, most of which are chronic and severe. In more and more of these cases, a genetic cause has been identified. As of now, the main mutations have been localized in the genes encoding the surfactant proteins (SP)-C (SFTPC), SP-B (SFTPB), their transporter ATP-binding cassette, family 1, member 3 (ABCA3), transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) and, more rarely, SP-A1 (SFTPA1) or SP-A2 (SFTPA2). Pediatric pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is associated with mutations in CSF2RA, CSF2RB, and MARS; more recently, mutations in STING1 and COPA have been associated with specific auto-inflammatory disorders including ILD manifestations. The relationships between the molecular abnormalities and the phenotypic expressions generally remain poorly understood. In the coming years, it is expected that newly identified molecular defects will help to more accurately predict disease courses and to produce individualized targeted therapies.
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11
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Turvey AK, Horvath GA, Cavalcanti ARO. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in human health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1029218. [PMID: 36330207 PMCID: PMC9623071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1029218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (aaRSs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of enzymes that catalyze the esterification reaction linking a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid matching the anticodon triplet of the tRNA. Proper functioning of the aaRSs to create aminoacylated (or “charged”) tRNAs is required for efficient and accurate protein synthesis. Beyond their basic canonical function in protein biosynthesis, aaRSs have a surprisingly diverse array of non-canonical functions that are actively being defined. The human genome contains 37 genes that encode unique aaRS proteins. To date, 56 human genetic diseases caused by damaging variants in aaRS genes have been described: 46 are autosomal recessive biallelic disorders and 10 are autosomal dominant monoallelic disorders. Our appreciation of human diseases caused by damaging genetic variants in the aaRSs has been greatly accelerated by the advent of next-generation sequencing, with 89% of these gene discoveries made since 2010. In addition to these genetic disorders of the aaRSs, anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory myopathy that involves the production of autoantibodies that disrupt aaRS proteins. This review provides an overview of the basic biology of aaRS proteins and describes the rapidly growing list of human diseases known to be caused by genetic variants or autoimmune targeting that affect both the canonical and non-canonical functions of these essential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Turvey
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandra K. Turvey,
| | - Gabriella A. Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Kim SY, Ko S, Kang H, Kim MJ, Moon J, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Choi M, Choi HJ, Chae JH. Fatal systemic disorder caused by biallelic variants in FARSA. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:306. [PMID: 35918773 PMCID: PMC9344665 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aminoacyl tRNA transferases play an essential role in protein biosynthesis, and variants of these enzymes result in various human diseases. FARSA, which encodes the α subunit of cytosolic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, was recently reported as a suspected causal gene for multiorgan disorder. This study aimed to validate the pathogenicity of variants in the FARSA gene. Results Exome sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous variants in FARSA, P347L and R475Q, from a patient who initially presented neonatal-onset failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, and frequent respiratory infections. His developmental milestones were nearly arrested, and the patient died at 28 months of age as a result of progressive hepatic and respiratory failure. The P347L variant was predicted to disrupt heterodimer interaction and failed to form a functional heterotetramer by structural and biochemical analyses. R475 is located at a highly conserved site and is reported to be involved in phenylalanine activation and transfer to tRNA. The R475Q mutant FARSA were co-purified with FARSB, but the mutant enzyme showed an approximately 36% reduction in activity in our assay relative to the wild-type protein. Additional functional analyses on variants from previous reports (N410K, F256L, R404C, E418D, and F277V) were conducted. The R404C variant from a patient waiting for organ transplantation also failed to form tetramers but the E418D, N410K, F256L, and F277V variants did not affect tetramer formation. In the functional assay, the N410K located at the phenylalanine-binding site exhibited no catalytic activity, whereas other variants (E418D, F256L and F277V) exhibited lower ATPase activity than wild-type FARSA at low phenylalanine concentrations. Conclusions Our data demonstrated the pathogenicity of biallelic variants in FARSA and suggested the implication of hypomorphic variants in severe phenotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02457-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Saebom Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunook Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department Pediatrics, Pediatric Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department Pediatrics, Pediatric Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea. .,Department Pediatrics, Pediatric Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Giong HK, Lee JS. Systematic expression profiling of neuropathy-related aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in zebrafish during development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 587:92-98. [PMID: 34872004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are a group of proteins, acting as transporters to transfer and attach the appropriate amino acids onto their cognate tRNAs for translation. So far, 18 out of 20 cytoplasmic ARSs are reported to be connected to different neuropathy disorders with multi-organ defects that are often accompanied with developmental delays. Thus, it is important to understand functions and impacts of ARSs at the whole organism level. Here, we systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of 14 ars and 2 aimp genes during development in zebrafish that have not be previously reported. Not only in the brain, their dynamic expression patterns in several tissues such as in the muscles, liver and intestine suggest diverse roles in a wide range of development processes in addition to neuronal function, which is consistent with potential involvement in multiple syndrome diseases associated with ARS mutations. In particular, hinted by its robust expression pattern in the brain, we confirmed that aimp1 is required for the formation of cerebrovasculature by a loss-of-function approach. Overall, our systematic profiling data provides a useful basis for studying roles of ARSs during development and understanding their potential functions in the etiology of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Khoanh Giong
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea; KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea; KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Treatment of ARS deficiencies with specific amino acids. Genet Med 2021; 23:2202-2207. [PMID: 34194004 PMCID: PMC8244667 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recessive cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) deficiencies are severe multiorgan diseases, with limited treatment options. By loading transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids, ARS are essential for protein translation. However, it remains unknown why ARS deficiencies lead to specific symptoms, especially early life and during infections. We set out to increase pathophysiological insight and improve therapeutic possibilities. Methods In fibroblasts from patients with isoleucyl-RS (IARS), leucyl-RS (LARS), phenylalanyl-RS-beta-subunit (FARSB), and seryl-RS (SARS) deficiencies, we investigated aminoacylation activity, thermostability, and sensitivity to ARS-specific amino acid concentrations, and developed personalized treatments. Results Aminoacylation activity was reduced in all patients, and further diminished at 38.5/40 °C (PLARS and PFARSB), consistent with infectious deteriorations. With lower cognate amino acid concentrations, patient fibroblast growth was severely affected. To prevent local and/or temporal deficiencies, we treated patients with corresponding amino acids (follow-up: 1/2–2 2/3rd years), and intensified treatment during infections. All patients showed beneficial treatment effects, most strikingly in growth (without tube feeding), head circumference, development, coping with infections, and oxygen dependency. Conclusion For these four ARS deficiencies, we observed a common disease mechanism of episodic insufficient aminoacylation to meet translational demands and illustrate the power of amino acid supplementation for the expanding ARS patient group. Moreover, we provide a strategy for personalized preclinical functional evaluation. ![]()
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15
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Ho MT, Lu J, Brunßen D, Suter B. A translation-independent function of PheRS activates growth and proliferation in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.048132. [PMID: 33547043 PMCID: PMC7988764 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) not only load the appropriate amino acid onto their cognate tRNAs, but many of them also perform additional functions that are not necessarily related to their canonical activities. Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) levels are elevated in multiple cancers compared to their normal cell counterparts. Our results show that downregulation of PheRS, or only its α-PheRS subunit, reduces organ size, whereas elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit stimulates cell growth and proliferation. In the wing disc system, this can lead to a 67% increase in cells that stain for a mitotic marker. Clonal analysis of twin spots in the follicle cells of the ovary revealed that elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit causes cells to grow and proliferate ∼25% faster than their normal twin cells. This faster growth and proliferation did not affect the size distribution of the proliferating cells. Importantly, this stimulation proliferation turned out to be independent of the β-PheRS subunit and the aminoacylation activity, and it did not visibly stimulate translation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: A moonlighting activity of the α-subunit of the Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase in Drosophila promotes growth and proliferation through a novel mechanism that neither involves aminoacylation nor translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tin Ho
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jiongming Lu
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Brunßen
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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16
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Schuch LA, Forstner M, Rapp CK, Li Y, Smith DEC, Mendes MI, Delhommel F, Sattler M, Emiralioğlu N, Taskiran EZ, Orhan D, Kiper N, Rohlfs M, Jeske T, Hastreiter M, Gerstlauer M, Torrent-Vernetta A, Moreno-Galdó A, Kammer B, Brasch F, Reu-Hofer S, Griese M. FARS1-related disorders caused by bi-allelic mutations in cytosolic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase genes: Look beyond the lungs! Clin Genet 2021; 99:789-801. [PMID: 33598926 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the first step of protein biosynthesis (canonical function) and have additional (non-canonical) functions outside of translation. Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in genes encoding ARSs are associated with various recessive mitochondrial and multisystem disorders. We describe here a multisystem clinical phenotype based on bi-allelic mutations in the two genes (FARSA, FARSB) encoding distinct subunits for tetrameric cytosolic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARS1). Interstitial lung disease with cholesterol pneumonitis on histology emerged as an early characteristic feature and significantly determined disease burden. Additional clinical characteristics of the patients included neurological findings, liver dysfunction, and connective tissue, muscular and vascular abnormalities. Structural modeling of newly identified missense mutations in the alpha subunit of FARS1, FARSA, showed exclusive mapping to the enzyme's conserved catalytic domain. Patient-derived mutant cells displayed compromised aminoacylation activity in two cases, while remaining unaffected in another. Collectively, these findings expand current knowledge about the human ARS disease spectrum and support a loss of canonical and non-canonical function in FARS1-associated recessive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise A Schuch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Forstner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina K Rapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Desiree E C Smith
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa I Mendes
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florent Delhommel
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nagehan Emiralioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diclehan Orhan
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Jeske
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hastreiter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alba Torrent-Vernetta
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno-Galdó
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Kammer
- Pediatric Radiology, Clinic for Radiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Brasch
- Institute for Pathology, Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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17
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Mullen P, Abbott JA, Wellman T, Aktar M, Fjeld C, Demeler B, Ebert AM, Francklyn CS. Neuropathy-associated histidyl-tRNA synthetase variants attenuate protein synthesis in vitro and disrupt axon outgrowth in developing zebrafish. FEBS J 2021; 288:142-159. [PMID: 32543048 PMCID: PMC7736457 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses a set of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neuropathies characterized by length-dependent dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Mutations in over 80 diverse genes are associated with CMT, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) constitute a large gene family implicated in the disease. Despite considerable efforts to elucidate the mechanistic link between ARS mutations and the CMT phenotype, the molecular basis of the pathology is unknown. In this work, we investigated the impact of three CMT-associated substitutions (V155G, Y330C, and R137Q) in the cytoplasmic histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS1) on neurite outgrowth and peripheral nervous system development. The model systems for this work included a nerve growth factor-stimulated neurite outgrowth model in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), and a zebrafish line with GFP/red fluorescent protein reporters of sensory and motor neuron development. The expression of CMT-HARS1 mutations led to attenuation of protein synthesis and increased phosphorylation of eIF2α in PC12 cells and was accompanied by impaired neurite and axon outgrowth in both models. Notably, these effects were phenocopied by histidinol, a HARS1 inhibitor, and cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. The mutant proteins also formed heterodimers with wild-type HARS1, raising the possibility that CMT-HARS1 mutations cause disease through a dominant-negative mechanism. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that CMT-HARS1 alleles exert their toxic effect in a neuronal context, and lead to dysregulated protein synthesis. These studies demonstrate the value of zebrafish as a model for studying mutant alleles associated with CMT, and for characterizing the processes that lead to peripheral nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jamie A Abbott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Theresa Wellman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mahafuza Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christian Fjeld
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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18
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Hadchouel A, Drummond D, Abou Taam R, Lebourgeois M, Delacourt C, de Blic J. Alveolar proteinosis of genetic origins. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/158/190187. [PMID: 33115790 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0187-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare form of chronic interstitial lung disease, characterised by the intra-alveolar accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material. Numerous conditions can lead to its development. Whereas the autoimmune type is the main cause in adults, genetic defects account for a large part of cases in infants and children. Even if associated extra-respiratory signs may guide the clinician during diagnostic work-up, next-generation sequencing panels represent an efficient diagnostic tool. Exome sequencing also allowed the discovery of new variants and genes involved in PAP. The aim of this article is to summarise our current knowledge of genetic causes of PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hadchouel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France .,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - David Drummond
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France
| | - Rola Abou Taam
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Lebourgeois
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques de Blic
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France
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19
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Li X, Peng B, Hou C, Li J, Zeng Y, Wu W, Liao Y, Tian Y, Chen WX. Novel compound heterozygous TARS2 variants in a Chinese family with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:217. [PMID: 33153448 PMCID: PMC7643390 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by bi-allelic deleterious variants in TARS2 is rare. To date, only two pedigrees were reported in the literature and the connection between the gene and disease needs further study. Case presentation We report one infant who presented with limb hypertonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, and increased serum lactate from a non-consanguineous Chinese family. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to help to underlie the cause. We identified compound heterozygous variants c.470C > G, p.Thr157Arg and c.2143G > A, p.Glu715Lys in TARS2 and the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database based on the clinical data and the deleterious effect of the two variants in TARS2 predicted by in silico tools. Conclusions We presented one case diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 based on clinical characteristics and genetic analysis. This is the first case in China and the fourth case in the world based on our document retrieval. This study facilitates the understanding of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency disease and demonstrates that the next-generation sequencing has a high potential to study inherited disease with high phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity including mitochondrial diseases such as combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinting Liao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Jezela-Stanek A. Interstitial Lung Disease in Rare Congenital Syndromes. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2020; 24:47-52. [PMID: 33074183 PMCID: PMC8518105 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.2020241.1931.000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse or interstitial lung disease (DLD/ILD) comprises a diverse group of disorders that involve the pulmonary parenchyma. Its aetiology varies (which makes the diagnostic process difficult), but congenital diseases, including malformation syndromes or developmental disorders, constitute one of the causative factors. They are rare conditions, and thus their frequency is not high. However, considering the progress and increasing availability of genetic testing, detection of these rare syndromes may increase. The aim of this work is, therefore, to present the symptomatology of selected congenital syndromes with ILD, taking into account the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes for protein synthesis with evolutionarily conserved enzymatic mechanisms. Despite their similarity across organisms, scientists have been able to generate effective anti-infective agents based on the structural differences in the catalytic clefts of ARSs from pathogens and humans. However, recent genomic, proteomic and functionomic advances have unveiled unexpected disease-associated mutations and altered expression, secretion and interactions in human ARSs, revealing hidden biological functions beyond their catalytic roles in protein synthesis. These studies have also brought to light their potential as a rich and unexplored source for new therapeutic targets and agents through multiple avenues, including direct targeting of the catalytic sites, controlling disease-associated protein-protein interactions and developing novel biologics from the secreted ARS proteins or their parts. This Review addresses the emerging biology and therapeutic applications of human ARSs in diseases including autoimmune and rare diseases, and cancer.
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22
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Human diseases linked to cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. BIOLOGY OF AMINOACYL-TRNA SYNTHETASES 2020; 48:277-319. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Kuo ME, Antonellis A. Ubiquitously Expressed Proteins and Restricted Phenotypes: Exploring Cell-Specific Sensitivities to Impaired tRNA Charging. Trends Genet 2019; 36:105-117. [PMID: 31839378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids. Variants in genes encoding ARS enzymes lead to myriad human inherited diseases. First, missense alleles cause dominant peripheral neuropathy. Second, missense, nonsense, and frameshift alleles cause recessive multisystem disorders that differentially affect tissues depending on which ARS is mutated. A preponderance of evidence has shown that both phenotypic classes are associated with loss-of-function alleles, suggesting that tRNA charging plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. However, it is currently unclear how perturbation in the function of these ubiquitously expressed enzymes leads to tissue-specific or tissue-predominant phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of ARS-associated disease phenotypes and discuss potential explanations for the observed tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Kuo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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24
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Krenke K, Szczałuba K, Bielecka T, Rydzanicz M, Lange J, Koppolu A, Płoski R. FARSA
mutations mimic phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase deficiency caused by
FARSB
defects. Clin Genet 2019; 96:468-472. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krenke
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and AllergyMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Teresa Bielecka
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and AllergyMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Joanna Lange
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and AllergyMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koppolu
- Department of Medical GeneticsMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical GeneticsMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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25
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Theil AF, Botta E, Raams A, Smith DE, Mendes MI, Caligiuri G, Giachetti S, Bione S, Carriero R, Liberi G, Zardoni L, Swagemakers SM, Salomons GS, Sarasin A, Lehmann A, van der Spek PJ, Ogi T, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W, Orioli D. Bi-allelic TARS Mutations Are Associated with Brittle Hair Phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:434-440. [PMID: 31374204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brittle and "tiger-tail" hair is the diagnostic hallmark of trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare recessive disease associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features including ichthyosis, intellectual disability, decreased fertility, and short stature. As a result of premature abrogation of terminal differentiation, the hair is brittle and fragile and contains reduced cysteine content. Hypersensitivity to UV light is found in about half of individuals with TTD; all of these individuals harbor bi-allelic mutations in components of the basal transcription factor TFIIH, and these mutations lead to impaired nucleotide excision repair and basal transcription. Different genes have been found to be associated with non-photosensitive TTD (NPS-TTD); these include MPLKIP (also called TTDN1), GTF2E2 (also called TFIIEβ), and RNF113A. However, a relatively large group of these individuals with NPS-TTD have remained genetically uncharacterized. Here we present the identification of an NPS-TTD-associated gene, threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS), found by next-generation sequencing of a group of uncharacterized individuals with NPS-TTD. One individual has compound heterozygous TARS variants, c.826A>G (p.Lys276Glu) and c.1912C>T (p.Arg638∗), whereas a second individual is homozygous for the TARS variant: c.680T>C (p.Leu227Pro). We showed that these variants have a profound effect on TARS protein stability and enzymatic function. Our results expand the spectrum of genes involved in TTD to include genes implicated in amino acid charging of tRNA, which is required for the last step in gene expression, namely protein translation. We previously proposed that some of the TTD-specific features derive from subtle transcription defects as a consequence of unstable transcription factors. We now extend the definition of TTD from a transcription syndrome to a "gene-expression" syndrome.
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Royer‐Bertrand B, Tsouni P, Mullen P, Campos Xavier B, Mittaz Crettol L, Lobrinus AJ, Ghika J, Baumgartner MR, Rivolta C, Superti‐Furga A, Kuntzer T, Francklyn C, Tran C. Peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment associated with a novel monoallelic HARS variant. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1072-1080. [PMID: 31211171 PMCID: PMC6562026 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A 49‐year‐old male presented with late‐onset demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar atrophy, and cognitive deficit. Nerve biopsy revealed intra‐axonal inclusions suggestive of polyglucosan bodies, raising the suspicion of adult polyglucosan bodies disease (OMIM 263570). Methods and Results While known genes associated with polyglucosan bodies storage were negative, whole‐exome sequencing identified an unreported monoallelic variant, c.397G>T (p.Val133Phe), in the histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (HARS) gene. While we did not identify mutations in genes known to be associated with polygucosan body disease, whole‐exome sequencing revealed an unreported monoallelic variant, c.397G>T in the histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (HARS) gene, encoding a substitution (Val133Phe) in the catalytic domain. Expression of this variant in patient cells resulted in reduced aminoacylation activity in extracts obtained from dermal fibroblasts, without compromising overall protein synthesis. Interpretation Genetic variants in the genes coding for the different aminoacyl‐tRNA synthases are associated with various clinical conditions. To date, a number of HARS variant have been associated with peripheral neuropathy, but not cognitive deficits. Further studies are needed to explore why HARS mutations confer a neuronal‐specific phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béryl Royer‐Bertrand
- Division of Genetic MedicineLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Computational BiologyUnit of Medical GeneticsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pinelopi Tsouni
- Nerve‐Muscle UnitDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Leenaards Memory CentreDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Patrick Mullen
- Department of BiochemistryLarner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Ghika
- Leenaards Memory CentreDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Matthias R. Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC)University Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- radiz ‐ Rare Disease Initiative ZurichClinical Research Priority Program for Rare DiseasesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational BiologyUnit of Medical GeneticsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea Superti‐Furga
- Division of Genetic MedicineLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thierry Kuntzer
- Nerve‐Muscle UnitDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Christopher Francklyn
- Department of BiochemistryLarner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | - Christel Tran
- Division of Genetic MedicineLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
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27
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Schaffer AE, Pinkard O, Coller JM. tRNA Metabolism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:359-387. [PMID: 31082281 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
tRNAs are short noncoding RNAs required for protein translation. The human genome includes more than 600 putative tRNA genes, many of which are considered redundant. tRNA transcripts are subject to tightly controlled, multistep maturation processes that lead to the removal of flanking sequences and the addition of nontemplated nucleotides. Furthermore, tRNAs are highly structured and posttranscriptionally modified. Together, these unique features have impeded the adoption of modern genomics and transcriptomics technologies for tRNA studies. Nevertheless, it has become apparent from human neurogenetic research that many tRNA biogenesis proteins cause brain abnormalities and other neurological disorders when mutated. The cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and peripheral nervous system show defects, impairment, and degeneration upon tRNA misregulation, suggesting that they are particularly sensitive to changes in tRNA expression or function. An integrated approach to identify tRNA species and contextually characterize tRNA function will be imperative to drive future tool development and novel therapeutic design for tRNA-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
| | - Otis Pinkard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
| | - Jeffery M Coller
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
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28
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Kuo ME, Theil AF, Kievit A, Malicdan MC, Introne WJ, Christian T, Verheijen FW, Smith DEC, Mendes MI, Hussaarts-Odijk L, van der Meijden E, van Slegtenhorst M, Wilke M, Vermeulen W, Raams A, Groden C, Shimada S, Meyer-Schuman R, Hou YM, Gahl WA, Antonellis A, Salomons GS, Mancini GMS. Cysteinyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutations Cause a Multi-System, Recessive Disease That Includes Microcephaly, Developmental Delay, and Brittle Hair and Nails. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:520-529. [PMID: 30824121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes responsible for charging tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Consistent with the essential function and ubiquitous expression of ARSs, mutations in 32 of the 37 ARS-encoding loci cause severe, early-onset recessive phenotypes. Previous genetic and functional data suggest a loss-of-function mechanism; however, our understanding of the allelic and locus heterogeneity of ARS-related disease is incomplete. Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) encodes the enzyme that charges tRNACys with cysteine in the cytoplasm. To date, CARS variants have not been implicated in any human disease phenotype. Here, we report on four subjects from three families with complex syndromes that include microcephaly, developmental delay, and brittle hair and nails. Each affected person carries bi-allelic CARS variants: one individual is compound heterozygous for c.1138C>T (p.Gln380∗) and c.1022G>A (p.Arg341His), two related individuals are compound heterozygous for c.1076C>T (p.Ser359Leu) and c.1199T>A (p.Leu400Gln), and one individual is homozygous for c.2061dup (p.Ser688Glnfs∗2). Measurement of protein abundance, yeast complementation assays, and assessments of tRNA charging indicate that each CARS variant causes a loss-of-function effect. Compared to subjects with previously reported ARS-related diseases, individuals with bi-allelic CARS variants are unique in presenting with a brittle-hair-and-nail phenotype, which most likely reflects the high cysteine content in human keratins. In sum, our efforts implicate CARS variants in human inherited disease, expand the locus and clinical heterogeneity of ARS-related clinical phenotypes, and further support impaired tRNA charging as the primary mechanism of recessive ARS-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Kuo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Christian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Desiree E C Smith
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marisa I Mendes
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lidia Hussaarts-Odijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van der Meijden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Groden
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shino Shimada
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Meyer-Schuman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ya Ming Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Zadjali F, Al-Yahyaee A, Al-Nabhani M, Al-Mubaihsi S, Gujjar A, Raniga S, Al-Maawali A. Homozygosity for FARSB
mutation leads to Phe-tRNA synthetase-related disease of growth restriction, brain calcification, and interstitial lung disease. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1355-1359. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
| | - Aida Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
| | - Maryam Al-Nabhani
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital; Muscat Oman
| | | | | | - Sameer Raniga
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital; Muscat Oman
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30
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Xu Z, Lo WS, Beck DB, Schuch LA, Oláhová M, Kopajtich R, Chong YE, Alston CL, Seidl E, Zhai L, Lau CF, Timchak D, LeDuc CA, Borczuk AC, Teich AF, Juusola J, Sofeso C, Müller C, Pierre G, Hilliard T, Turnpenny PD, Wagner M, Kappler M, Brasch F, Bouffard JP, Nangle LA, Yang XL, Zhang M, Taylor RW, Prokisch H, Griese M, Chung WK, Schimmel P. Bi-allelic Mutations in Phe-tRNA Synthetase Associated with a Multi-system Pulmonary Disease Support Non-translational Function. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:100-114. [PMID: 29979980 PMCID: PMC6035289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA synthetases catalyze the first step of protein synthesis and have increasingly been studied for their nuclear and extra-cellular ex-translational activities. Human genetic conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth have been attributed to dominant gain-of-function mutations in some tRNA synthetases. Unlike dominantly inherited gain-of-function mutations, recessive loss-of-function mutations can potentially elucidate ex-translational activities. We present here five individuals from four families with a multi-system disease associated with bi-allelic mutations in FARSB that encodes the beta chain of the alpha2beta2 phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (FARS). Collectively, the mutant alleles encompass a 5'-splice junction non-coding variant (SJV) and six missense variants, one of which is shared by unrelated individuals. The clinical condition is characterized by interstitial lung disease, cerebral aneurysms and brain calcifications, and cirrhosis. For the SJV, we confirmed exon skipping leading to a frameshift associated with noncatalytic activity. While the bi-allelic combination of the SJV with a p.Arg305Gln missense mutation in two individuals led to severe disease, cells from neither the asymptomatic heterozygous carriers nor the compound heterozygous affected individual had any defect in protein synthesis. These results support a disease mechanism independent of tRNA synthetase activities in protein translation and suggest that this FARS activity is essential for normal function in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xu
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China; aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wing-Sze Lo
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - David B Beck
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luise A Schuch
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yeeting E Chong
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elias Seidl
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Liting Zhai
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Fun Lau
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donna Timchak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Christina Sofeso
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics (AHC) Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Lochhamer Str. 29, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Germaine Pierre
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Tom Hilliard
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Frank Brasch
- Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Institute for Pathology, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - John Paul Bouffard
- Department Pathology, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Leslie A Nangle
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Insitute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Paul Schimmel
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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