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Ananta, Benerjee S, Tchounwou PB, Kumar S. Mechanistic update of Trisenox in blood cancer. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100166. [PMID: 38074774 PMCID: PMC10701371 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)/blood cancer is M3 type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) formed inside bone marrow through chromosomal translocation mutation usually between chromosome 15 & 17. It accounts around 10% cases of AML worldwide. Trisenox (TX/ATO) is used in chemotherapy for treatment of all age group of APL patients with highest efficacy and survival rate for longer period. High concentration of TX inhibits growth of APL cells by diverse mechanism however, it cures only PML-RARα fusion gene/oncogene containing APL patients. TX resistant APL patients (different oncogenic make up) have been reported from worldwide. This review summarizes updated mechanism of TX action via PML nuclear bodies formation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy, p53 activation, telomerase activity, heteromerization of pRb & E2F, and regulation of signaling mechanism in APL cells. We have also provided important information of combination therapy of TX with other molecules mechanism of action in acute leukemia cells. It provides updated information of TX action for researcher which may help finding new target for further research in APL pathophysiology or new TX resistant APL patients drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Swati Benerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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2
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Juan W, Mu Y, Wang C, So E, Lee Y, Lin S, Huang B. Arsenic compounds activate MAPK and inhibit Akt pathways to induce apoptosis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3260-3275. [PMID: 36000705 PMCID: PMC9939220 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic compounds have been applied treating acute promyelocytic 1eukemia and solid tumors with brief mechanism investigations. In fact, we have demonstrated that sodium arsenite plus dimethylarsenic acid could activate apoptosis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells by inducing caspase pathways. However, detail underlying mechanisms how caspase cascade is regulated remains elusive. Therefore, the apoptotic mechanism of sodium arsenite plus dimethylarsenic acid were examined in MA-10 cells in this study. Our results reveal that Fas/FasL protein expressions were stimulated by sodium arsenite plus dimethylarsenic acid in MA-10 cells. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytochrome C release, Bid truncation, and Bax translocation were induced in MA-10 cells by arsenic compounds. Moreover, activation of p38, JNK and ERK1/2, MAPK pathways was stimulated while Akt phosphorylated levels and Akt expression were decreased by sodium arsenite plus dimethylarsenic in MA-10 cells. In conclusion, sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid did activate MAPK pathway plus ROS generation, but suppress Akt pathway, to modulate caspase pathway and then induce MA-10 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Sheng Juan
- Department of Neurosurgery, An Nan HospitalChina Medical UniversityTainan CityTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Fen Mu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Edmund‐Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia & Medical Research, An Nan HospitalChina Medical UniversityTainan CityTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Che Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgical, An Nan HospitalChina Medical UniversityTainan CityTaiwan
| | - Bu‐Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, Republic of China
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Arsenic hexoxide has differential effects on cell proliferation and genome-wide gene expression in human primary mammary epithelial and MCF7 cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3761. [PMID: 33580144 PMCID: PMC7881197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is reportedly a biphasic inorganic compound for its toxicity and anticancer effects in humans. Recent studies have shown that certain arsenic compounds including arsenic hexoxide (AS4O6; hereafter, AS6) induce programmed cell death and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells and murine cancer models. However, the mechanisms by which AS6 suppresses cancer cells are incompletely understood. In this study, we report the mechanisms of AS6 through transcriptome analyses. In particular, the cytotoxicity and global gene expression regulation by AS6 were compared in human normal and cancer breast epithelial cells. Using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, differentially expressed genes in significantly affected biological pathways in these cell types were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting assays. Our data show markedly differential effects of AS6 on cytotoxicity and gene expression in human mammary epithelial normal cells (HUMEC) and Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF7), a human mammary epithelial cancer cell line. AS6 selectively arrests cell growth and induces cell death in MCF7 cells without affecting the growth of HUMEC in a dose-dependent manner. AS6 alters the transcription of a large number of genes in MCF7 cells, but much fewer genes in HUMEC. Importantly, we found that the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways are significantly suppressed whereas cellular stress response and apoptotic pathways increase in AS6-treated MCF7 cells. Together, we provide the first evidence of differential effects of AS6 on normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells, suggesting that AS6 at moderate concentrations induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulating genome-wide gene expression, leading to compromised DNA repair and increased genome instability selectively in human breast cancer cells.
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Yousefnia S. Mechanistic effects of arsenic trioxide on acute promyelocytic leukemia and other types of leukemias. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1148-1157. [PMID: 33527587 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized with a translocation between promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15 and retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARα) on chromosome 17. Transcription of this fusion gene results in PML/RARα fusion protein blocking expression of critical genes involved in differentiation of myeloid cells through interaction with RAR element. PML/RARα fusion protein prevents normal function of PML and RARα as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an important agent for the treatment of relapsed and newly diagnosed APL. ATO induces apoptosis, autophagy, and partial cellular differentiation as well as inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis. Recognition of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms induced by ATO can be effective for discovering novel treatment strategies to target leukemia cells. Also, it can be developed for the treatment of a variety of cancer cells. This review provides a perspective on anticancerous effects of ATO on APL and leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Yousefnia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Sadiq Z, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Benacka J, Pazinka P, Kruzliak P, Büsselberg D. Anti-Cancer Agents in Proliferation and Cell Death: The Calcium Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3017. [PMID: 31226817 PMCID: PMC6627763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and the modulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels play critical roles in several key processes that regulate cellular survival, growth, differentiation, metabolism, and death in normal cells. On the other hand, aberrant Ca2+-signaling and loss of [Ca2+]i homeostasis contributes to tumor initiation proliferation, angiogenesis, and other key processes that support tumor progression in several different cancers. Currently, chemically and functionally distinct drugs are used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment and management of cancer among which certain anti-cancer drugs reportedly suppress pro-survival signals and activate pro-apoptotic signaling through modulation of Ca2+-signaling-dependent mechanisms. Most importantly, the modulation of [Ca2+]i levels via the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis and corresponding action of channels and pumps within the plasma membrane play an important role in the survival and death of cancer cells. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis is of prime importance when considering Ca2+-signaling-dependent anti-cancer drug targets. This review discusses how calcium signaling is targeted by anti-cancer drugs and highlights the role of calcium signaling in epigenetic modification and the Warburg effect in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Zuhair Sadiq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Benacka
- Faculty Health and Social Work, Trnava University, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Pazinka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louise Pasteur University Hospital, 04022 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Polni 553/3, 63900 Brno, Czech Republic.
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, 65692 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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Park S, Han HT, Oh SS, Kim DH, Jeong JW, Lee KW, Kim M, Lim JS, Cho YY, Hwangbo C, Yoo J, Kim KD. NDRG2 Sensitizes Myeloid Leukemia to Arsenic Trioxide via GSK3β-NDRG2-PP2A Complex Formation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050495. [PMID: 31121982 PMCID: PMC6562968 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was characterized as a tumor suppressor, inducing anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative effects in several tumor cells. However, NDRG2 functions on anticancer drug sensitivity, and its molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of NDRG2-induced sensitization to As2O3 in the U937 cell line, which is one of the most frequently used cells in the field of resistance to As2O3. NDRG2-overexpressing U937 cells (U937-NDRG2) showed a higher sensitivity to As2O3 than mock control U937 cell (U937-Mock). The higher sensitivity to As2O3 in U937-NDRG2 was associated with Mcl-1 degradation through glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation. Inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β was significantly reduced in U937-NDRG2, and the reduction was diminished by okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor. NDRG2 mediated the interaction between GSK3β and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inducing dephosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 by PP2A. Although the C-terminal deletion mutant of NDRG2 (ΔC NDRG2), which could not interact with PP2A, interacted with GSK3β, the mutant failed to dephosphorylate GSK3β at S9 and increased sensitivity to As2O3. Our findings suggest that NDRG2 is a kind of adaptor protein mediating the interaction between GSK3β and PP2A, inducing GSK3β activation through dephosphorylation at S9 by PP2A, which increases sensitivity to As2O3 in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Tak Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Sang-Seok Oh
- Gene & Cell Therapy Team, Division of Drug Development & Optimization, New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osongsaengmyung-ro 123, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyeok Kim
- Division of bacterial diseases, Korea Centers for Disease and Control, Prevention, Osong-eup 28159, Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yong Yeon Cho
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Team & BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, 14662, Korea.
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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7
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Kim W, Cho Y, Song MK, Lim JH, Kim JY, Gye MC, Ryu JC. Effect of particulate matter 2.5 on gene expression profile and cell signaling in JEG-3 human placenta cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1123-1134. [PMID: 29975000 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter the environmental toxicant, with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) is a common cause of several respiratory diseases. In recent years, several studies have suggested that PM2.5 can influence diverse diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, dementia, and female reproductive disorders, and unhealthy birth outcomes. In addition, several epidemiological studies have reported that adverse health effects of PM2.5 can differ depending on regional variations. In the present study, to evaluate specific adverse health effects of PM2.5 , we collected two different PM2.5 samples from an underground parking lot and ambient air, and we evaluated cytotoxicity with eight different cell lines originating from human organs. Then, we selected JEG-3 human placenta cells, which show high cytotoxicity to both PM samples. Through RNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, and a gene ontology (GO) analysis of JEG-3 after exposure to two different PM2.5 samples, we identified 1021 commonly expressed genes involved in immune responses, the regulation of apoptosis, and so forth, which are known to induce several adverse health effects. In addition, we identified genes related to the calcium-signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, we confirmed these gene expressions using qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases and COX-2 with progesterone decreased using western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conclusion, this study suggests the possible toxic mechanism of human placenta that might be associated with PM2.5 -induced female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Kim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hangyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Cho
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- National Center for Efficacy evaluation for Respiratory disease product, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hangyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chun Ryu
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Chen YJ, Huang CH, Shi YJ, Lee YC, Wang LJ, Chang LS. The suppressive effect of arsenic trioxide on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 expression induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:43-55. [PMID: 30213730 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported to inhibit the activity of Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET). TET modulates FOXP3 expression, while dysregulation of FOXP3 expression promotes the malignant progression of leukemia cells. We examined the role of TET-FOXP3 axis in the cytotoxic effects of ATO on the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line, U937. ATO-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was characterized by activation of caspase-3/-9, mitochondrial depolarization, and MCL1 downregulation. In addition, ATO-treated U937 cells showed ROS-mediated inhibition of TET2 transcription, leading to downregulation of FOXP3 expression and in turn, suppression of FOXP3-mediated activation of Lyn and Akt. Overexpression of FOXP3 or Lyn minimized the suppressive effect of ATO on Akt activation and MCL1 expression. Promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the crucial role of Akt-mediated CREB phosphorylation in MCL1 transcription. Further, ATO-induced Akt inactivation promoted GSK3β-mediated degradation of MCL1. Transfection of constitutively active Akt expression abrogated ATO-induced MCL1 downregulation. MCL1 overexpression lessened the ATO-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and increased the viability of ATO-treated cells. Thus, our data suggest that ATO induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells through its suppressive effect on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 transcription and protein stabilization. Our findings also indicate that the same pathway underlies ATO-induced death in human leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Li D, Wei Y, Xu S, Niu Q, Zhang M, Li S, Jing M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of bidirectional effect of arsenic on ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4422-4432. [PMID: 29328451 PMCID: PMC5802217 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metal, which ultimately leads to cell apoptosis. ERK is considered a key transcriptional regulator of arsenic‑induced apoptosis. Due to a few controversial issues about arsenic‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated MAP kinases (ERK) signaling, a meta‑analysis was performed. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that high doses (≥2 µmol/l) of arsenic increased the expression of Ras, ERK, ERK1, ERK2, phosphorylated (p)‑ERK, p‑ERK1, and p‑ERK2, while low doses (<2 µmol/l) decreased the expression of Ras, ERK1, p‑ERK, and p‑ERK2 when compared to control groups. Long term exposure (>24 h) to arsenic led to inhibition of expression of ERK1, p‑ERK1, and p‑ERK2, whereas short‑term exposure (≤24 h) triggered the expression of ERK1, ERK2, p‑ERK, p‑ERK1, and p‑ERK2. Furthermore, normal cells exposed to arsenic exhibited higher production levels of Ras and p‑ERK. Conversely, exposure of cancer cells to arsenic showed a lower level of production of Ras and p‑ERK as well as higher level of p‑ERK1 and p‑ERK2 as compared to control group. Short‑term exposure of normal cells to high doses of arsenic may promote ERK signaling pathway. In contrast, long‑term exposure of cancer cells to low doses of arsenic may inhibit ERK signaling pathway. This study may be helpful in providing a theoretical basis for the diverging result of arsenic adverse effects on one hand and therapeutic mechanisms on the other concerning arsenic‑induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Jing
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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Bouchet S, Tang R, Fava F, Legrand O, Bauvois B. The CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces a caspase-independent, Ca2+-dependent death in human leukemic myeloid cells by targeting surface aminopeptidase N/CD13. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19445-67. [PMID: 26655501 PMCID: PMC4991394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD13 antigen's binding site for the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif enables NGR-containing chemotherapeutic drugs to be delivered to CD13-positive tumours. Human CD13-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells proliferate abnormally and escape death. Here, we show that the CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces death in AML cell lines (U937, THP-1, NB4, HL-60) and primary blood cells from AML patients. Cell death was characterized as a caspase-independent mechanism, without DNA fragmentation, but phosphatidylserine externalization and membrane disruption. Our results demonstrate in U937 cells that (i) the NGR-peptide triggers the loss of mitochondrial potential(ΔΨm) and generates superoxide anion (O2-), (ii) N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and extra/intracellular Ca2+ chelators (BAPTA) prevent both O2- production and cell death, (iii) the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine prevents cell death (indicating that Ca2+ influx is the initial death trigger), and (iv) BAPTA, but not NAC, prevents ΔΨm loss (suggesting O2- is a mitochondrial downstream effector). AML cell lines and primary blasts responding to the lethal action of NGR-peptide express promatrix metalloproteinase-12 (proMMP-12) and its substrate progranulin (an 88 kDa cell survival factor). A cell-free assay highlighted proMMP-12 activation by O2-. Accordingly, NGR-peptide's downregulation of 88 kDa progranulin protein was prevented by BAPTA and NAC. Conversely, AML blast resistance to NGR-peptide is associated with the expression of a distinct, 105 kDa progranulin isoform. These results indicate that CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 induces death in AML cells through the Ca2+-mitochondria-O2.-pathway, and support the link between proMMP-12 activation and progranulin cleavage during cell death. Our findings may have implications for the understanding of tumour biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bouchet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ruoping Tang
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Fava
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ollivier Legrand
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Maheshwari N, Khan FH, Mahmood R. Sodium meta-arsenite induced reactive oxygen species in human red blood cells: impaired antioxidant and membrane redox systems, haemoglobin oxidation, and morphological changes. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:483-497. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1327714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Fahim Halim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Eckstein M, Eleazer R, Rea M, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Epigenomic reprogramming in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression patterns during carcinogenesis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:93-103. [PMID: 27701139 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid that is not mutagenic but is carcinogenic. The mechanism(s) by which arsenic causes cancer remain unknown. To date, several mechanisms have been proposed, including the arsenic-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is also becoming evident that inorganic arsenic (iAs) may exert its carcinogenic effects by changing the epigenome, and thereby modifying chromatin structure and dynamics. These epigenetic changes alter the accessibility of gene regulatory factors to DNA, resulting in specific changes in gene expression both at the levels of transcription initiation and gene splicing. In this review, we discuss recent literature reports describing epigenetic changes induced by iAs exposure and the possible epigenetic mechanisms underlying these changes.
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Jahan S, Iftikhar N, Ullah H, Rukh G, Hussain I. Alleviative effect of quercetin on rat testis against arsenic: a histological and biochemical study. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 61:89-95. [PMID: 25539033 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.998350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The preventive effect of quercetin on arsenic stimulated reproductive ailments in male Sprague Dawely (SD) rats was investigated. Twenty rats were divided into four groups. The first group served as a control and was provided tap water. The second group of rats was treated with sodium arsenite at the dose of 50 ppm in drinking water. The third group served as a positive control and received an oral dose of quercetin (50 mg/kg). In the fourth group, quercetin (50 mg/kg) was co-administered orally with arsenic (50 ppm in drinking water). All the treatments were carried out for 49 days. Arsenic treatment resulted in adverse morphological and histopathological changes in testis of rats including reduced epithelial height and tubular diameter, and increased luminal diameter. In contrast, these adverse effects of arsenic were eliminated by co-administration of quercetin. Additionally arsenic treatment significantly increased testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels while catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GSR) activities, and plasma and intra-testicular testosterone concentrations, were decreased significantly. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly suppressed and depleted antioxidant defense mechanism was restored by the quercetin co-treatment. Also quercetin treatment resulted in a marked increase in plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that quercetin may be used as a potential therapeutic drug against arsenic induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan and
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Zhang Z, Pratheeshkumar P, Budhraja A, Son YO, Kim D, Shi X. Role of reactive oxygen species in arsenic-induced transformation of human lung bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:643-8. [PMID: 25499816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental carcinogen, its mechanisms of carcinogenesis remain to be investigated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be important. A previous study (Carpenter et al., 2011) has measured ROS level in human lung bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells and arsenic-transformed BEAS-2B cells and found that ROS levels were higher in transformed cells than that in parent normal cells. Based on these observations, the authors concluded that cell transformation induced by arsenic is mediated by increased cellular levels of ROS. This conclusion is problematic because this study only measured the basal ROS levels in transformed and parent cells and did not investigate the role of ROS in the process of arsenic-induced cell transformation. The levels of ROS in arsenic-transformed cells represent the result and not the cause of cell transformation. Thus question concerning whether ROS are important in arsenic-induced cell transformation remains to be answered. In the present study, we used expressions of catalase (antioxidant against H2O2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2, antioxidant against O2(-)) to decrease ROS level and investigated their role in the process of arsenic-induced cell transformation. Our results show that inhibition of ROS by antioxidant enzymes decreased arsenic-induced cell transformation, demonstrating that ROS are important in this process. We have also shown that in arsenic-transformed cells, ROS generation was lower and levels of antioxidants are higher than those in parent cells, in a disagreement with the previous report. The present study has also shown that the arsenic-transformed cells acquired apoptosis resistance. The inhibition of catalase to increase ROS level restored apoptosis capability of arsenic-transformed BEAS-2B cells, further showing that ROS levels are low in these cells. The apoptosis resistance due to the low ROS levels may increase cells proliferation, providing a favorable environment for tumorigenesis of arsenic-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Ghani S, Khan N, Koriyama C, Akiba S, Yamamoto M. N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine reduces arsenite‑induced cytotoxicity through chelation in U937 monocytes and macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2961-6. [PMID: 25310083 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in order to clarify the preventive mechanism of N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine (NAC) on arsenite‑induced apoptosis in U937 cells, which lack functional p53, the cytotoxicity among U937 cells [monocytes and 12‑O‑tetradecanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate (TPA)‑treated macrophages] receiving NAC treatment at different times post arsenite treatment was examined. TPA‑treated macrophages were more resistant to arsenite‑induced apoptosis than monocytes, which may be associated with the induction of Bcl‑2 expression. Pretreatment with 20 mM NAC prior to arsenite exposure suppressed apoptosis up to 75% in the monocytes and 100% in the macrophages. However, 6‑h NAC pretreatment and subsequent washing out of NAC from the culture medium prior to arsenite treatment did not inhibit the arsenite‑induced apoptosis. Post‑treatment by NAC up to 1 h following arsenite exposure almost completely inhibited the cytotoxic effects of arsenite in U937 monocytes and macrophages. The results of the current study indicate that the preventive mechanism of NAC on arsenite‑induced apoptosis in U937 monocytes and macrophages mainly involves chelation of arsenite in culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Ghani
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890‑8544, Japan
| | - Noureen Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890‑8544, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890‑8544, Japan
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890‑8544, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Integrated Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867‑0008, Japan
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Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ. Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:640754. [PMID: 25184144 PMCID: PMC4145541 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several workers have extensively worked out the metal induced toxicity and have reported the toxic and carcinogenic effects of metals in human and animals. It is well known that these metals play a crucial role in facilitating normal biological functions of cells as well. One of the major mechanisms associated with heavy metal toxicity has been attributed to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which develops imbalance between the prooxidant elements and the antioxidants (reducing elements) in the body. In this process, a shift to the former is termed as oxidative stress. The oxidative stress mediated toxicity of heavy metals involves damage primarily to liver (hepatotoxicity), central nervous system (neurotoxicity), DNA (genotoxicity), and kidney (nephrotoxicity) in animals and humans. Heavy metals are reported to impact signaling cascade and associated factors leading to apoptosis. The present review illustrates an account of the current knowledge about the effects of heavy metals (mainly arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) induced oxidative stress as well as the possible remedies of metal(s) toxicity through natural/synthetic antioxidants, which may render their effects by reducing the concentration of toxic metal(s). This paper primarily concerns the clinicopathological and biomedical implications of heavy metals induced oxidative stress and their toxicity management in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Nikhat J. Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Batarseh G, Windsor LJ, Labban NY, Liu Y, Gregson K. Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Induction of Apoptotic Proteins in Pulp Fibroblasts. Oper Dent 2014; 39:E1-8. [DOI: 10.2341/12-417-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective
Monomers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) can leach from dental composites. TEGDMA-induced apoptosis in human pulp has been reported. However, the apoptotic (pro or anti) proteins involved in this process remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine which apoptotic proteins are enhanced or suppressed during TEGDMA-induced apoptosis.
Materials and Methods
Human pulp fibroblasts (HPFs) were incubated with different TEGDMA concentrations (0.125-1.0 mM) and cytotoxicity was determined. TEGDMA was shown to be cell cytotoxic at concentrations of 0.50 mM and higher. The highest concentration with no significant cytotoxicity was then incubated (0.25 mM TEGDMA) with the HPFs. Cell lysates were then prepared and the protein concentrations determined. Human Apoptosis Array kits were utilized to detect the relative levels of 43 apoptotic proteins.
Results
HPFs exposed to TEGDMA showed significant increases in multiple pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bid, Bim, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Cytochrome c at 24 hours. Some anti-apoptotic proteins were also altered.
Conclusions
The results indicated that TEGDMA activates both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Batarseh
- Ghada Batarseh, DDS, MSD, Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - LJ Windsor
- L Jack Windsor, PhD, Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - NY Labban
- Nawaf Y Labban, BDS, MSD, Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA and Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Y Liu
- Yang Liu, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - K Gregson
- Karen Gregson, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Arsenic augments the uptake of oxidized LDL by upregulating the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor in mouse aortic endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:651-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synergistic apoptosis of CML cells by buthionine sulfoximine and hydroxychavicol correlates with activation of AIF and GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73672. [PMID: 24040019 PMCID: PMC3767640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxychavicol (HCH), a constituent of Piper betle leaf has been reported to exert anti-leukemic activity through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the study is to optimize the oxidative stress –induced chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cell death by combining glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) with HCH and studying the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods Anti-proliferative activity of BSO and HCH alone or in combination against a number of leukemic (K562, KCL22, KU812, U937, Molt4), non-leukemic (A549, MIA-PaCa2, PC-3, HepG2) cancer cell lines and normal cell lines (NIH3T3, Vero) was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic activity in CML cell line K562 was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) after staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (PI), detection of reduced mitochondrial membrane potential after staining with JC-1, cleavage of caspase- 3 and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase proteins by western blot analysis and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) by confocal microscopy. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured by colorimetric assay using GSH assay kit. 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) were used as probes to measure intracellular increase in ROS and nitric oxide (NO) levels respectively. Multiple techniques like siRNA transfection and pharmacological inhibition were used to understand the mechanisms of action. Results Non-apoptotic concentrations of BSO significantly potentiated HCH-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. BSO potentiated apoptosis-inducing activity of HCH in CML cells by caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent but apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)-dependent manner. Enhanced depletion of intracellular GSH induced by combined treatment correlated with induction of ROS. Activation of ROS- dependent JNK played a crucial role in ERK1/2 activation which subsequently induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS- mediated production of NO was identified as an effector molecule causing apoptosis of CML cells. Conclusion/Significance BSO synergizes with HCH in inducing apoptosis of CML cells through the GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway.
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Parker MD, Boron WF. The divergence, actions, roles, and relatives of sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:803-959. [PMID: 23589833 PMCID: PMC3768104 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Slc4 (Solute carrier 4) family of transporters is a functionally diverse group of 10 multi-spanning membrane proteins that includes three Cl-HCO3 exchangers (AE1-3), five Na(+)-coupled HCO3(-) transporters (NCBTs), and two other unusual members (AE4, BTR1). In this review, we mainly focus on the five mammalian NCBTs-NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NDCBE, and NBCn2. Each plays a specialized role in maintaining intracellular pH and, by contributing to the movement of HCO3(-) across epithelia, in maintaining whole-body pH and otherwise contributing to epithelial transport. Disruptions involving NCBT genes are linked to blindness, deafness, proximal renal tubular acidosis, mental retardation, and epilepsy. We also review AE1-3, AE4, and BTR1, addressing their relevance to the study of NCBTs. This review draws together recent advances in our understanding of the phylogenetic origins and physiological relevance of NCBTs and their progenitors. Underlying these advances is progress in such diverse disciplines as physiology, molecular biology, genetics, immunocytochemistry, proteomics, and structural biology. This review highlights the key similarities and differences between individual NCBTs and the genes that encode them and also clarifies the sometimes confusing NCBT nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Parker
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA.
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Li C, Qu X, Xu W, Qu N, Mei L, Liu Y, Wang X, Yu X, Liu Z, Nie D, Liu Y, Yan J, Yang B, Lu Y, Chu W. Arsenic trioxide induces cardiac fibroblast apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating TGF-β1 expression. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:223-30. [PMID: 23542815 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3; ATO) is clinically effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, it frequently causes cardiotoxic effects. This study was designed to investigate whether ATO could induce apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) that play very important roles in maintaining the structure integrity and function of the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts from guinea pigs administered with ATO (1mg/kgbw) were used to test the pro-apoptotic role of ATO in vivo. The current study demonstrated that ATO induced morphological characteristics of apoptosis and Caspase-3 activation in CFs of guinea pigs along with a significant up-regulation in TGF-β1 protein expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In vitro MTT assay showed that ATO remarkably reduced the viability of cultured cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) from neonatal rat in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Consistent with the notions in vivo, ATO significantly induced the apoptosis in NRCFs, dramatically up-regulated TGF-β1 protein level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a time-dependent fashion and activated Caspase-3 and ERK1/2. Finally, pretreatment with LY364947, an inhibitor of TGF-β signaling could apparently reverse these changes. We therefore conclude that TGF-β is functionally linked to ERK1/2 and that TGF-β signaling is responsible for ATO-induced CFs apoptosis, which provides a novel mechanism of ATO related cardiac toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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Protective Effect of Taurine on Down-Regulated Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Genes in Brains of Mice Exposed to Arsenic. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 775:155-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Turkmen R, Demirel HH, Sever E. Dietary Yucca schidigera supplementation reduces arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:904-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary supplementation with Yucca schidigera (Ys) on lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant activity, some biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in arsenic-exposed mice. Forty Swiss albino male mice were divided into five equal groups. Group I (control group) was given normal diet and tap water for 28 days. Group II (arsenic group) was given normal diet and 100 mg/L arsenic along with drinking water for 28 days. Groups III–V were given three different doses of Ys (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) in supplemented diet and arsenic (100 mg/L) along with drinking water throughout the entire period of 28 days. The arsenic significantly increased serum biochemical parameters and malondialdehyde levels in blood and tissue. However, arsenic significantly decreased tissue glutathione concentration, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. In contrast, dietary supplementation of Ys, in a dose-dependent manner, resulted in reversal of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, LPO and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, Ys also exhibited protective action against the arsenic-induced focal gliosis and hyperemi in brain, necrosis and degeneration in liver, degeneration and dilatation in Bowman’s capsule of kidney and hyaline degeneration in heart tissue of mice. Consequently, our results demonstrate that Ys especially high-dose supplementation in diet decreases arsenic-induced oxidative stress and enhances the antioxidant defence mechanism and regenerate of tissues in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Turkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | - Emine Sever
- Department of Animal Health, Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Provincial Directorate, Sivas, Turkey
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Banerjee C, Goswami R, Datta S, Rajagopal R, Mazumder S. Arsenic-induced alteration in intracellular calcium homeostasis induces head kidney macrophage apoptosis involving the activation of calpain-2 and ERK in Clarias batrachus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:44-51. [PMID: 21798276 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We had earlier shown that exposure to arsenic (0.50 μM) caused caspase-3 mediated head kidney macrophage (HKM) apoptosis involving the p38-JNK pathway in Clarias batrachus. Here we examined the roles of calcium (Ca(2+)) and extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), the other member of MAPK-pathway on arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis. Arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis involved increased expression of ERK and calpain-2. Nifedipine, verapamil and EGTA pre-treatment inhibited the activation of calpain-2, ERK and reduced arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis as evidenced from reduced caspase-3 activity, Annexin V-FITC-propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 staining. Pre-incubation with ERK inhibitor U 0126 inhibited the activation of calpain-2 and interfered with arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis. Additionally, pre-incubation with calpain-2 inhibitor also interfered with the activation of ERK and inhibited arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium chloride also inhibited ERK activation indicating activation of ERK in arsenic-exposed HKM also depends on signals from NADPH oxidase pathway. Our study demonstrates the critical role of Ca(2+) homeostasis on arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis. We suggest that arsenic-induced alteration in intracellular Ca(2+) levels initiates pro-apoptotic ERK and calpain-2; the two pathways influence each other positively and induce caspase-3 mediated HKM apoptosis. Besides, our study also indicates the role of ROS in the activation of ERK pathway in arsenic-induced HKM apoptosis in C. batrachus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Banerjee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Antioxidant effect of vegetable oils containing conjugated linolenic acid isomers against induced tissue lipid peroxidation and inflammation in rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:109-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eguchi R, Fujimori Y, Takeda H, Tabata C, Ohta T, Kuribayashi K, Fukuoka K, Nakano T. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis through JNK and ERK in human mesothelioma cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:762-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Fabbrocini G, Triassi M, Mauriello MC, Torre G, Annunziata MC, Vita VD, Pastore F, D’Arco V, Monfrecola G. Epidemiology of skin cancer: role of some environmental factors. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1980-9. [PMID: 24281212 PMCID: PMC3840456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer entities is dramatically increasing worldwide. Exposure to UVB radiation is known to induce basal and squamous cell skin cancer in a dose-dependent way and the depletion of stratospheric ozone has implications for increases in biologically damaging solar UVB radiation reaching the earth's surface. In humans, arsenic is known to cause cancer of the skin, as well as cancer of the lung, bladder, liver, and kidney. Exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water has been recognized in some regions of the world. SCC and BCC (squamous and basal cell carcinoma) have been reported to be associated with ingestion of arsenic alone or in combination with other risk factors. The impact of changes in ambient temperature will influence people's behavior and the time they spend outdoors. Higher temperatures accompanying climate change may lead, among many other effects, to increasing incidence of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.T.); (G.T.)
| | - Maria Chiara Mauriello
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Guglielma Torre
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.T.); (G.T.)
| | - Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Valerio De Vita
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Pastore
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenza D’Arco
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Division of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.C.M); (M.C.A.); (V.D.V.); (F.P.); (V.D.A.); (G.M.)
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Duquesnoy I, Champeau GM, Evray G, Ledoigt G, Piquet-Pissaloux A. Enzymatic adaptations to arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Zea mays and genotoxic effect of arsenic in root tips of Vicia faba and Zea mays. C R Biol 2010; 333:814-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Bao L, Shi H. Arsenite Induces Endothelial Cell Permeability Increase through a Reactive Oxygen Species−Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1726-34. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100191t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Malott Hall 5044, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Malott Hall 5044, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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30
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Walker AM, Stevens JJ, Ndebele K, Tchounwou PB. Arsenic trioxide modulates DNA synthesis and apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:1996-2007. [PMID: 20632473 PMCID: PMC2864039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7051996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide, the trade name Trisenox, is a drug used to treat acute promyleocytic leukemia (APL). Studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide slows cancer cells growth. Although arsenic influences numerous signal-transduction pathways, cell-cycle progression, and/or apoptosis, its apoptotic mechanisms are complex and not entirely delineated. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide on DNA synthesis and to determine whether arsenic-induced apoptosis is mediated via caspase activation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cell cycle arrest. To achieve this goal, lung cancer cells (A549) were exposed to various concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 microg/mL) of arsenic trioxide for 48 h. The effect of arsenic trioxide on DNA synthesis was determined by the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. Apoptosis was determined by the caspase-3 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay, p38 MAP kinase activity was determined by an immunoblot assay, and cell-cycle analysis was evaluated by the propidium iodide assay. The [3H]thymidine-incorporation assay revealed a dose-related cytotoxic response at high levels of exposure. Furthermore, arsenic trioxide modulated caspase 3 activity and induced p38 MAP kinase activation in A549 cells. However, cell-cycle studies showed no statistically significant differences in DNA content at subG1 check point between control and arsenic trioxide treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Walker
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mail:
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jacqueline J. Stevens
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology: Target Identification and Validation, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +1-601-979-0777; Fax: +1-601-979-0570
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31
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Koike-Kuroda Y, Kakeyama M, Fujimaki H, Tsukahara S. Use of live imaging analysis for evaluation of cytotoxic chemicals that induce apoptotic cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:2012-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Liao VHC, Liu JT, Li WH, Yu CW, Hsieh YC. Caenorhabditis elegans bicarbonate transporter ABTS-1 is involved in arsenite toxicity and cholinergic signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:926-32. [PMID: 20423156 DOI: 10.1021/tx100016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Although there is accumulating evidence to suggest that the nervous system is a target of arsenic, relatively little information is known regarding its effects on the nervous system. The effects of arsenite on the nervous system in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated in the present study. We found that abts-1, which encodes a Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporter, is required to protect C. elegans from arsenite toxicity. The abts-1::GFP transgene is primarily expressed in neurons and the hypodermis, but stronger expression was also observed in the pharynx and body wall muscle cells after exposure to arsenite. The steady-state level of ABTS-1 mRNA increased in response to arsenite exposure. We showed that worms lacking abts-1 are hypersensitive to the paralytic effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor, aldicarb, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, levamisole. We also showed that arsenite enhanced sensitivity to aldicarb and levamisole in abts-1 mutant worms. Our results indicate neuronal effects of arsenite and the ABTS-1 bicarbonate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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33
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Lemarie A, Huc L, Pazarentzos E, Mahul-Mellier AL, Grimm S. Specific disintegration of complex II succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase links pH changes to oxidative stress for apoptosis induction. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:338-49. [PMID: 20706275 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the change of the intracellular pH (pH(i)) are common phenomena during apoptosis. How they are interconnected, however, is poorly understood. Here we show that numerous anticancer drugs and cytokines such as Fas ligand and tumour necrosis factor α provoke intracellular acidification and cause the formation of mitochondrial ROS. In parallel, we found that the succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complex II is specifically impaired without affecting the second enzymatic activity of this complex as a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Only in this configuration is complex II an apoptosis mediator and generates superoxides for cell death. This is achieved by the pH(i) decline that leads to the specific dissociation of the SDHA/SDHB subunits, which encompass the SDH activity, from the membrane-bound components of complex II that are required for the SQR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lemarie
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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34
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Syk is a novel target of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and is involved in the toxic effect of ATO in human neutrophils. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:936-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Sumi D, Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y. Signal transduction pathways and transcription factors triggered by arsenic trioxide in leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 244:385-92. [PMID: 20193703 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is widely used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Several lines of evidence have indicated that As(2)O(3) affects signal transduction and transactivation of transcription factors, resulting in the stimulation of apoptosis in leukemia cells, because some transcription factors are reported to associate with the redox condition of the cells, and arsenicals cause oxidative stress. Thus, the disturbance and activation of the cellular signaling pathway and transcription factors due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during arsenic exposure may explain the ability of As(2)O(3) to induce a complete remission in relapsed APL patients. In this report, we review recent findings on ROS generation and alterations in signal transduction and in transactivation of transcription factors during As(2)O(3) exposure in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Sumi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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36
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Gentry PR, McDonald TB, Sullivan DE, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Analysis of genomic dose-response information on arsenic to inform key events in a mode of action for carcinogenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:1-14. [PMID: 19551812 DOI: 10.1002/em.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 microM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA.
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37
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Burchiel SW, Mitchell LA, Lauer FT, Sun X, McDonald JD, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 241:253-9. [PMID: 19800901 PMCID: PMC2843624 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In these studies the immunotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO, As(2)O(3)) was evaluated in mice following 14 days of inhalation exposures (nose only, 3 h per day) at concentrations of 50 microg/m(3) and 1 mg/m(3). A biodistribution analysis performed immediately after inhalation exposures revealed highest levels of arsenic in the kidneys, bladder, liver, and lung. Spleen cell levels were comparable to those found in the blood, with the highest concentration of arsenic detected in the spleen being 150 microg/g tissue following the 1 mg/m(3) exposures. No spleen cell cytotoxicity was observed at either of the two exposure levels. There were no changes in spleen cell surface marker expression for B cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. There were also no changes detected in the B cell (LPS-stimulated) and T cell (Con A-stimulated) proliferative responses of spleen cells, and no changes were found in the NK-mediated lysis of Yac-1 target cells. The primary T-dependent antibody response was, however, found to be highly susceptible to ATO suppression. Both the 50 microg/m(3) and 1 mg/m(3) exposures produced greater than 70% suppression of the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells. Thus, the primary finding of this study is that the T-dependent humoral immune response is extremely sensitive to suppression by ATO and assessment of humoral immune responses should be considered in evaluating the health effects of arsenic containing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Burchiel
- Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Wang F, Ogasawara MA, Huang P. Small mitochondria-targeting molecules as anti-cancer agents. Mol Aspects Med 2009; 31:75-92. [PMID: 19995573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial structure and functions have long been observed in cancer cells. Targeting mitochondria as a cancer therapeutic strategy has gained momentum in the recent years. The signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial function, apoptosis and molecules that affect mitochondrial integrity and cell viability have been important topics of the recent review in the literature. In this article, we first briefly summarize the rationale and biological basis for developing mitochondrial-targeted compounds as potential anti-cancer agents, and then provide key examples of small molecules that either directly impact mitochondria or functionally affect the metabolic alterations in cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction. The main focus is on the small molecular weight compounds with potential applications in cancer treatment. We also summarize information on the drug developmental stages of the key mitochondria-targeted compounds and their clinical trial status. The advantages and potential shortcomings of targeting the mitochondria for cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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39
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Genotoxicity of sodium arsenite and DNA fragmentation in ovarian cells of rat. Toxicol Lett 2009; 190:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Enhancement of esculetin on arsenic trioxide-provoked apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Ho SY, Chen WC, Chiu HW, Lai CS, Guo HR, Wang YJ. Combination treatment with arsenic trioxide and irradiation enhances apoptotic effects in U937 cells through increased mitotic arrest and ROS generation. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Binet F, Girard D. Novel human neutrophil agonistic properties of arsenic trioxide: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and/orc-junNH2-terminal MAPK but not extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0708421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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43
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Yoda A, Toyoshima K, Watanabe Y, Onishi N, Hazaka Y, Tsukuda Y, Tsukada J, Kondo T, Tanaka Y, Minami Y. Arsenic trioxide augments Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting oncogenic Wip1 phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18969-79. [PMID: 18482988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800560200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic Wip1 phosphatase (PPM1D) is induced upon DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner and is required for inactivation or suppression of DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint arrest and of apoptosis by dephosphorylating and inactivating phosphorylated Chk2, Chk1, and ATM kinases. It has been reported that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a potent cancer chemotherapeutic agent, in particular for acute promyelocytic leukemia, activates the Chk2/p53 pathway, leading to apoptosis. ATO is also known to activate the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway. Here we show that phosphatase activities of purified Wip1 toward phosphorylated Chk2 and p38 in vitro are inhibited by ATO in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of Chk2 and p38 in cultured cells is suppressed by ectopic expression of Wip1, and this Wip1-mediated suppression can be restored by the presence of ATO. We also show that treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells with ATO resulted in induction of phosphorylation and activation of Chk2 and p38 MAPK, which are required for ATO-induced apoptosis. Importantly, this ATO-induced activation of Chk2/p53 and p38 MAPK/p53 apoptotic pathways can be enhanced by siRNA-mediated suppression of Wip1 expression, further indicating that ATO inhibits Wip1 phosphatase in vivo. These results exemplify that Wip1 is a direct molecular target of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yoda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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44
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Vitamin K2‐Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells: Role of Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2008; 78:211-26. [DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(07)00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Dong X, Sun X. Arsenic trioxide induces different gene expression profiles of genes related to growth and apoptosis in glioma cells dependent on the p53 status. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 35:421-9. [PMID: 17530438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that As(2)O(3) affected cell cycle progression and cyclins D1 and B1 expression in two glioma cell lines differing in p53 status (U87MG-wt; T98G-mutated). In the present study, we further demonstrated that As(2)O(3) affected proliferation, viability and apoptosis of the two cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and T98G cells were more sensitive than U87MG cells to As(2)O(3) -induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and viability. We further investigated the expression profiles of genes related with apoptosis and cell cycle in the two cell lines with a human cDNA-microarray (SuperArray) spotted with 267 genes of apoptosis and cell cycle. Thirty five genes were upregulated and 15 genes downregulated at least 2-fold by As(2)O(3) in U87-MG cells; whereas, 38 genes were upregulated and 21 genes downregulated at least 2-fold in T98G cells by As(2)O(3). After As(2)O(3) treatment, p53 expression was upregulated 56.5-fold in T98G cells, but only 6.0-fold in U87MG cells. The results indicate that As(2)O(3) suppresses the growth of U87MG cells mainly by regulating expression of genes of cell cycle arrest, stress and toxicity; whereas As(2)O(3) affects T98G cells mainly by regulating expression of genes belonging to Bcl-2, tumor necrotic factor receptor and ligand families. The data may be helpful for optimizing As(2)O(3) as an anti-cancer drug in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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46
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Peng Z, Peng L, Fan Y, Zandi E, Shertzer HG, Xia Y. A critical role for IkappaB kinase beta in metallothionein-1 expression and protection against arsenic toxicity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:21487-96. [PMID: 17526490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702510200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread environmental toxic agent that has been shown to cause diverse tissue and cell damage and at the same time to be an effective anti-cancer therapeutic agent. The objective of this study is to explore the signaling mechanisms involved in arsenic toxicity. We show that the IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) plays a crucial role in protecting cells from arsenic toxicity. Ikkbeta(-)(/)(-) mouse 3T3 fibroblasts have decreased expression of antioxidant genes, such as metallothionein 1 (Mt1). In contrast to wild type and IKKbeta-reconstituted Ikkbeta(-)(/)(-) cells, IKKbeta-null cells display a marked increase in arsenic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which leads to activation of the MKK4-c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, c-Jun phosphorylation, and apoptosis. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and expression of MT1 in the Ikkbeta(-)(/)(-) cells prevented JNK activation; moreover, NAC pretreatment, MT1 expression, MKK4 ablation, and JNK inhibition all protected cells from death induced by arsenic. Our data show that two signaling pathways appear to be important for modulating arsenic toxicity. First, the IKK-NF-kappaB pathway is crucial for maintaining cellular metallothionein-1 levels to counteract ROS accumulation, and second, when this pathway fails, excessive ROS leads to activation of the MKK4-JNK pathway, resulting in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA
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47
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Sharma A, Sharma MK, Kumar M. Protective Effect of Mentha piperita against Arsenic-Induced Toxicity in Liver of Swiss Albino Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 100:249-57. [PMID: 17371529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.00030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of leaves of Mentha piperita Linn (Mint) was studied in adult Swiss albino mice against arsenic-induced hepatopathy. The animals were divided into four groups. Group I: only vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was administered. Group II: the animals received Mentha leaf extract (1 g/kg body weight per day) orally for 30 days. Group III: animals were treated with sodium arsenite (4 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally in 0.9% NaCl. Group IV: animals were given Mentha extract for 10 consecutive days prior to sodium arsenite treatment and continuously for 30 days after sodium arsenite treatment. The animals from the above groups were killed at various time-points, and body weight and liver weight were measured. The biochemical estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in serum were done. In the arsenic-treated group there was a significant increase in ACP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and LPO content, whereas a significant decrease was recorded in body weight, liver weight, GSH and LDH activity in liver. Pre- and post-treatment of Mentha with arsenic significantly alters the biochemical parameters in liver. A significant decline in ACP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and LPO content was observed. However, a significant increase in body weight, liver weight, GSH content and LDH activity in liver was estimated. The results indicate that the Mentha extract may be useful in reducing the side effects of arsenic-induced hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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48
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Ramos AM, Fernandez C, Amrán D, Esteban D, de Blas E, Palacios MA, Aller P. Pharmacologic inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) decrease glutathione content and sensitize human promonocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2007; 209:1006-15. [PMID: 16972261 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with 1-4 microM As(2)O(3) slightly induced apoptosis in U-937 human promonocitic leukemia cells. This effect was potentiated by co-treatment with MEK/ERK (PD98059, U0126) and JNK (SP600125, AS601245) inhibitors, but not with p38 (SB203580, SB220025) inhibitors. However, no potentiation was obtained using lonidamine, doxorubicin, or cisplatin instead of As(2)O(3). Apoptosis potentiation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors involved both the intrinsic and extrinsic executionary pathways, as demonstrated by Bax activation and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and by caspase-8 activation and Bid cleavage, respectively; and the activation of both pathways was prevented by Bcl-2 over-expression. Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Thus, while it was prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in the case of U0126, it behaved as a NAC-insensitive process, regulated at the level of DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-sensitive enzyme activity, in the case of SP600125. The MEK/ERK inhibitor also potentiated apoptosis and decreased GSH content in As(2)O(3)-treated NB4 human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, but none of these effects were produced by the JNK inhibitor. MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors did not apparently affect As(2)O(3) transport activity, as measured by intracellular arsenic accumulation. SP600126 greatly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, while BSO and U0126 had little or null effects. These results, which indicate that glutathione is a target of MAP kinases in myeloid leukemia cells, might be exploited to improve the antitumor properties of As(2)O(3), and provide a rationale for the use of kinase inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Chen D, Chan R, Waxman S, Jing Y. Buthionine sulfoximine enhancement of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in leukemia and lymphoma cells is mediated via activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and up-regulation of death receptors. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11416-23. [PMID: 17145888 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of apoptosis induced by treatment with As(2)O(3) alone or in combination with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was studied in NB4, U937, Namalwa, and Jurkat cells. As(2)O(3) at concentrations <2 micromol/L induced apoptosis in NB4 cells and Namalwa cells but not in U937 and Jurkat cells. As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells and Namalwa cells correlated with increase of H(2)O(2) and caspase activation without activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). BSO (10 micromol/L) depleted the reduced form of intracellular glutathione without inducing apoptosis but synergized with 1 micromol/L As(2)O(3) to induce apoptosis in all four cell lines. This synergy correlated with JNK activation. Treatment with As(2)O(3) plus BSO, but not with As(2)O(3) alone, increased the levels of death receptor (DR) 5 protein and caspase-8 cleavage. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the increase in DR5 protein and attenuated apoptosis induced by treatment with As(2)O(3) plus BSO. These observations suggest that a DR-mediated pathway activated by JNK is involved in apoptosis induced by treatment with As(2)O(3) plus BSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6547, USA
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Potin S, Bertoglio J, Bréard J. Involvement of a Rho-ROCK-JNK pathway in arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. FEBS Lett 2006; 581:118-24. [PMID: 17182041 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The apoptotic signals activated by As(2)O(3) in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines K562 and KCL22 were investigated. As(2)O(3) was found to induce apoptosis in these cells via the intrinsic pathway. As(2)O(3) also induced a sustained c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation which preceded and was necessary for caspase-9 activation. We established that Rho and its effector, the kinase ROCK, are activated by As(2)O(3). Inhibition of either Rho or ROCK prevented JNK activation and protected against apoptosis. Thus, in CML cells, apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3) is mediated, at least in part, via a Rho-ROCK-JNK axis. These findings define a novel signaling pathway for As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Potin
- Inserm U749, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue JB Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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