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Alami IE, Khaali W, Jalbout M, Gihbid A, Ayoub WB, Benider A, Brahim SM, Cherif MH, Benchakroun N, Mzibri ME, Driss EKB, Belghmi K, Corbex M, Khyatti M. Genetic variations in CYP2A6, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 genes and the risk of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North African population. Ann Hum Genet 2024. [PMID: 38622954 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multifactorial malignancy associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphic deletions of the phase I and phase II genes involved in the detoxification of potential carcinogens may be a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CYP2E1 (rs3813867), CYP2A6, GSTM1(rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) gene variations and NPC risk in North African countries with the highest incidence of NPC (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). and the evaluation of the potential use of these variants as potential biomarkers for NPC management. METHODS A total of 600 NPC cases and 545 controls frequency-matched on ethnicity, sex, age and childhood household type, were recruited from three North African countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and analysed. Genotyping of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1(rs3813867) was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction (PCR)-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the GSTM1 (rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) genetic variations were evaluated using the PCR technique. RESULTS The genotype distributions of CYP2E1(rs3813867), CYP2A6, GSTM1(rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) genotypes did not differ significantly among NPC cases and controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, our data did not reveal any association with smoking and the studied variants, even when the samples were stratified by the duration period of smoking. CONCLUSION In this large studied North African population, our findings suggest that the functional CYP2E1, CYP2A6, GSTM1 and GSTT1 variations did not influence NPC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane El Alami
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafa Khaali
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Majida Jalbout
- Anti-Tumor Therapeutic Targeting Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Immunogenetic Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Amina Gihbid
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | - Nadia Benchakroun
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Center of Energy, Nuclear Sciences and Techniques Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Khalid Belghmi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Arifin H, Chou KR, Ibrahim K, Fitri SUR, Pradipta RO, Rias YA, Sitorus N, Wiratama BS, Setiawan A, Setyowati S, Kuswanto H, Mediarti D, Rosnani R, Sulistini R, Pahria T. Analysis of Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Physiological Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2203-2221. [PMID: 36213176 PMCID: PMC9532265 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s382191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hidayat Arifin, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 811 3194 433, Email
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kusman Ibrahim
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Siti Ulfah Rifa’atul Fitri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rifky Octavia Pradipta
- Department of Fundamental Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Andy Rias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia
| | - Nikson Sitorus
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Satria Wiratama
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiawan
- Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Setyowati Setyowati
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Heri Kuswanto
- Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Devi Mediarti
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Rosnani Rosnani
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | - Tuti Pahria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Salted fish and processed foods intake and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:2501-2509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abusalah MAH, Binti Hassan SA, Mat Lazim N, Abdullah B, Binti Wan Sohaimi WF, Husin A, Cheng KY, Yean CY. Design of InnoPrimers-Duplex Real-Time PCR for Detection and Treatment Response Prediction of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Circulating Genetic Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101761. [PMID: 34679459 PMCID: PMC8534743 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor with high prevalence in southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC is well associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) 30 bp deletion by having its vital role in increased tumorigenicity and decreased immune recognition of EBV-related tumors. This study developed an InnoPrimers-duplex qPCR for detection of NPC blood circulating LMP1 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients. The analytical and diagnostic evaluation and treatment response prediction were conducted using NPC patients’ whole blood (WB) and tissue samples and non-NPC cancer patients and healthy individuals’ WB samples. The assay was able to detect as low as 20 ag DNA per reaction (equivalent to 173 copies) with high specificity against broad reference microorganisms and archive NPC biopsy tissue and FNA samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. The 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker was found to be a good prognostic biomarker associated with overall clinical outcome of NPC WHO type III patients. This sensitive and specific assay can help clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients, which will enhance treatment outcome and lead to better life-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.A.H.A.); (S.A.B.H.)
| | - Siti Asma Binti Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.A.H.A.); (S.A.B.H.)
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fatihah Binti Wan Sohaimi
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kueh Yee Cheng
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.A.H.A.); (S.A.B.H.)
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.L.); (B.A.); (W.F.B.W.S.); (A.H.); (K.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-9-7676258 or +60-129011066
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Aguayo F, Boccardo E, Corvalán A, Calaf GM, Blanco R. Interplay between Epstein-Barr virus infection and environmental xenobiotic exposure in cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:50. [PMID: 34193233 PMCID: PMC8243497 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus associated with lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Both B cells and epithelial cells are susceptible and permissive to EBV infection. However, considering that 90% of the human population is persistently EBV-infected, with a minority of them developing cancer, additional factors are necessary for tumor development. Xenobiotics such as tobacco smoke (TS) components, pollutants, pesticides, and food chemicals have been suggested as cofactors involved in EBV-associated cancers. In this review, the suggested mechanisms by which xenobiotics cooperate with EBV for carcinogenesis are discussed. Additionally, a model is proposed in which xenobiotics, which promote oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage, regulate EBV replication, promoting either the maintenance of viral genomes or lytic activation, ultimately leading to cancer. Interactions between EBV and xenobiotics represent an opportunity to identify mechanisms by which this virus is involved in carcinogenesis and may, in turn, suggest both prevention and control strategies for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1000000, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rancés Blanco
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yarza R, Bover M, Agulló-Ortuño MT, Iglesias-Docampo LC. Current approach and novel perspectives in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the role of targeting proteasome dysregulation as a molecular landmark in nasopharyngeal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:202. [PMID: 34154654 PMCID: PMC8215824 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a molecularly paradigmatic tumor given the complex diversity of environmental as well as host dependent factors that are closely implicated in tissue transformation and carcinogenesis. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) plays a key role in tissue invasion, hyperplasia and malignant transformation. Therefore, EBV related oncoviral proteins such as Latent Membrane Protein family (LMP1, LMP2), Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV related glycoprotein B (gB) are responsible for inducing intracellular signalling aberrations leading to sustained proliferation and further acquisition of NPC related invasive nature and metastatic potential.Dysregulation of proteasome signaling seems to be centrally implicated in oncoviral protein stabilization as well as in modulating tumor microenvironment. Different studies in vitro and in vivo suggest a potential role of proteasome inhibitors in the therapeutic setting of NPC. Furthermore, alterations affecting proteasome signalling in NPC have been associated to tumor growth and invasion, distant metastasis, immune exclusion and resistance as well as to clinical poor prognosis. So on, recent studies have shown the efficacy of immunotherapy as a suitable therapeutic approach to NPC. Nevertheless, novel strategies seem to look for combinatorial regimens aiming to potentiate immune recognition as well as to restore both primary and acquired immune resistance.In this work, our goal is to thoroughly review the molecular implications of proteasome dysregulation in the molecular pathogenesis of NPC, together with their direct relationship with EBV related oncoviral proteins and their role in promoting immune evasion and resistance. We also aim to hypothesize about the feasibility of the use of proteasome inhibitors as part of immunotherapy-including combinatorial regimens for their potential role in reversing immune resistance and favouring tumor recognition and eventual tumor death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Yarza
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mateo Bover
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program (H12O-CNIO), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre: Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain.
| | - Lara Carmen Iglesias-Docampo
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.,Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program (H12O-CNIO), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Beyene ET, Ketema SG, Alebachew AN, Saleh MY, Gebremariam TA. Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:540. [PMID: 33980204 PMCID: PMC8114688 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal cancer is distinguished from other cancers of the head and neck in its epidemiology, histopathology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic outcome. Its unique clinico-epidemiologic pattern of the disease is an area focus for this investigation. Accordingly, the study investigated the demographic and histologic characteristics, as well as the clinical stage at presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital. Methods Hospital based retrospective descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 – October 2020. All biopsy proven incidental cases during the study period are included. SPSS version 26 is used for data entry and analysis. Result A total of 318 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases during the study period were included. There were 218 males and 90 females, with a male: female ratio of 2.5:1. The age of patients ranges from 13 to 81 years with a mean age of 37.8 ± 15 years. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years. Age distribution has two peaks for males, first between 30 to 39 and second 50 to 59 years of age. While the peak age of occurrence for females is in the 20–39 age range. Juvenile cases constituted 34% of the study group. The study revealed, nonkeratinizing carcinoma as the most prevalent histology at 94.3% (undifferentiated type 85.9% and differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 8.4%) and 5.7% of the cases showed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Majority of the patients, 86%, presented late with stage III and IV disease. Conclusion Nasopharyngeal cancer is commonly found among the young and productive age group, under the age 30. Nonkeratinizing carcinoma is the predominant histopathologic variant resembling that seen in endemic areas of the world. Thus, genetic and early life environmental exposures should be well studied to identify possible risk factors in the region. Late-stage presentation at diagnosis impacts the treatment outcome of patients, thereby indicating the need for a raised index of suspicion among health professionals for early diagnosis and better prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tadesse Beyene
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Siraw Girum Ketema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assaye Nibret Alebachew
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mizan Yeshanew Saleh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bakkalci D, Jia Y, Winter JR, Lewis JE, Taylor GS, Stagg HR. Risk factors for Epstein Barr virus-associated cancers: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and mapping of the epidemiological evidence. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010405. [PMID: 32257153 PMCID: PMC7125417 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infects 90%-95% of all adults globally and causes ~ 1% of all cancers. Differing proportions of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), gastric carcinoma (GC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are associated with EBV. We sought to systematically review the global epidemiological evidence for risk factors that (in addition to EBV) contribute to the development of the EBV-associated forms of these cancers, assess the quality of the evidence, and compare and contrast the cancers. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies of risk factors for EBV-associated BL, GC, HL and NPC without language or temporal restrictions. Studies were excluded if there was no cancer-free comparator group or where analyses of risk factors were inadequately documented. After screening and reference list searching, data were extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality assessed. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS 9916 hits were retrieved. 271 papers were retained: two BL, 24 HL, one GC and 244 NPC. The majority of studies were from China, North America and Western Europe. Risk factors were categorised as dietary, environmental/non-dietary, human genetic, and infection and clinical. Anti-EBV antibody load was associated with EBV-associated GC and BL. Although the evidence could be inconsistent, HLA-A alleles, smoking, infectious mononucleosis and potentially other infections were risk factors for EBV-associated HL. Rancid dairy products; anti-EBV antibody and EBV DNA load; history of chronic ear, nose and/or throat conditions; herbal medicine use; family history; and human genetics were risk factors for NPC. Fresh fruit and vegetable and tea consumption may be protective against NPC. CONCLUSIONS Many epidemiological studies of risk factors in addition to EBV for the EBV-associated forms of BL, GC, HL and NPC have been undertaken, but there is a dearth of evidence for GC and BL. Available evidence is of variable quality. The aetiology of EBV-associated cancers likely results from a complex intersection of genetic, clinical, environmental and dietary factors, which is difficult to assess with observational studies. Large, carefully designed, studies need to be strategically undertaken to harmonise and clarify the evidence. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bakkalci
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanne R Winter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanna Ea Lewis
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Helen R Stagg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Joint senior authors
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Oudjehih M, Deltour I, Bouhidel ML, Bouhidel A, Marref A, Luzon V, Schüz J, Bouneceur H, Leon ME. Smokeless Tobacco Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Case-Control Study in the Batna Region, Algeria, 2008-2011. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20902239. [PMID: 32076371 PMCID: PMC7003171 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20902239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of the Algerian population uses tobacco products and is at risk of developing tobacco-associated cancers. AIMS This case-control study reports on the association between tobacco use and the occurrence of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in Batna, Algeria. METHODS Incident primary UADT cancer cases in residents of Batna in 2008-2011 were identified using the regional tumor registry. One hospital and 1 population control were matched to each case by sex, year of birth, and residence. Information on tobacco use was collected, and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression also after sex stratification. RESULTS The study included 192 cases (80%) of the 241 primary UADT cancer cases identified and 384 controls. Males represented 76.6% of cancer cases. Cancers of the nasopharynx (48%) and the larynx (26%) were the most common types. Ever use of smokeless tobacco (ST) (OR = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-1.5) or current ST use (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6-1.7) was not associated with overall risk of UADT cancers. Associations with cancers of the nasopharynx (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.5-4.6) and oral cavity/oropharynx (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.8-11.8) were found when comparing use of ST only to no consumption of any tobacco. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the overall risk of UADT cancers, with a 3-fold increase in the risk of laryngeal cancer when comparing smoking only to no consumption of any tobacco (OR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.0-11.5). Associations for smokers who also consumed ST differed by cancer site. CONCLUSION In this study from Algeria dominated by male cases and by cancer in the nasopharynx, cigarette smoking but not ST was associated with UADT cancer. Analyses by anatomical site and using as reference never use of any type of tobacco suggested few associations with ST but of lower precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Oudjehih
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Larbi Bouhidel
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Atika Bouhidel
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Abdelwahab Marref
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Véronique Luzon
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Hocine Bouneceur
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Maria E Leon
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Li JY, Huang WX, Chen J, Zhao SP, Tang YY. Targeted Inhibitory Effect of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Hre 2.Grp78 Chimeric Promoter Regulating Fusion Gene TK/VP3. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819875166. [PMID: 31769345 PMCID: PMC6880038 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819875166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To construct plasmids with Hre2.Grp78 chimeric promoter regulating fusion
gene TK/VP3 and elaborate the effects of overexpressed
TK/VP3 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods: Four plasmids were constructed, including pcDNA3.1-CMV-TK/VP3,
pcDNA3.1-Hre2.TK/VP3, pcDNA3.1-Grp78.TK/VP3, and
pcDNA3.1-Hre2.Grp78.TK/VP3. The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE1
cells were transfected with the 4 plasmids, respectively. Cell viabilities were
evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
assay, and apoptosis was conducted using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of TK,
VP3, Grp78, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and apoptosis-related proteins was
determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: The recombinant plasmids that could steadily overexpress TK and VP3 were successfully
constructed. Expression of TK and VP3 in cells transfected with
pcDNA3.1-Hre2.TK/VP3 and pcDNA3.1-Grp78.TK/VP3 was significantly higher than
pcDNA3.1-CMV-TK/VP3, and expression in cells transfected with
pcDNA3.1-Hre2.Grp78.TK/VP3 was the highest. Under glucose deprivation or
hypoxia condition, Grp78 or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was overexpressed so that
expression of TK and VP3 was significantly upregulated, which could further inhibit cell
proliferation and enhance cell apoptosis. Conclusion: We successfully constructed 4 plasmids with Hre2.Grp78 chimeric promoter
regulating fusion gene TK/VP3, which could significantly inhibit the
proliferation as well as enhance the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells under
glucose deprivation or hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yun Li
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Huang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Ping Zhao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao-Yun Tang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Lin C, Cao SM, Chang ET, Liu Z, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang QH, Xie SH, Zhang Y, Yun J, Jia WH, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Liu Q, Ernberg I, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng YX, Adami HO, Ye W. Chinese nonmedicinal herbal diet and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based case-control study. Cancer 2019; 125:4462-4470. [PMID: 31544233 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between a nonmedicinal herbal diet and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has often been hypothesized but never thoroughly investigated. METHODS This study enrolled a total of 2469 patients with incident NPC and 2559 population controls from parts of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces in southern China between 2010 and 2014. Questionnaire information was collected on the intake of traditional herbal tea and herbal soup as well as the specific herbal plants used in soups and other potentially confounding lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the NPC risk in association with herbal tea and soup intake. RESULTS Ever consumption of herbal tea was not associated with NPC risk (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.91-1.17). An inverse association was observed for NPC among ever drinkers of herbal soup (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90) but without any monotonic trend with an increasing frequency or duration of herbal soup consumption. Inverse associations with NPC risk were detected with 9 herbal plants used in herbal soup, including Ziziphus jujuba, Fructus lycii, Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Semen coicis, Smilax glabra, Phaseolus calcaratus, Morinda officinalis, and Atractylodes macrocephala (OR range, 0.31-0.79). CONCLUSIONS Consuming herbal soups including specific plants, but not herbal tea, was inversely associated with NPC. If replicated, these results might provide potential for NPC prevention in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Lin
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc, Menlo Park, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China.,Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China.,Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Longde Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Barrett D, Ploner A, Chang ET, Liu Z, Zhang CX, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang QH, Xie SH, Cao SM, Shao JY, Jia WH, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Adami HO, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng YX, Ye W. Past and Recent Salted Fish and Preserved Food Intakes Are Weakly Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk in Adults in Southern China. J Nutr 2019; 149:1596-1605. [PMID: 31127847 PMCID: PMC6736189 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese-style salted fish intake in early life is considered an established risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, results for adult intakes of salted fish and preserved foods are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to ascertain the relations of Chinese-style hard and soft salted fish and preserved food intakes with NPC risk. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study in southern China with 2554 NPC cases identified through a rapid case ascertainment system and 2648 healthy controls, frequency-matched on age, sex, and area. Subjects (aged 20-74 y) were interviewed via a food-frequency questionnaire, including information on portion size. Data were also collected on alcohol consumption and potential confounders. Food intake was grouped into 3-5 energy-adjusted intake levels during adulthood (10 y prior) and adolescence (16-18 y). For childhood (at age 10 y), intake frequency of selected food items was collected. Multivariate-adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were estimated via logistic regression. RESULTS We found no association between NPC and intake of hard Chinese-style salted fish during adulthood, and an increased risk at the highest level of intake during adolescence (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.39). In contrast, we found a decreased risk for the middle intake level of soft salted fish during adulthood (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.81) and adolescence (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.85). Preserved foods showed contrasting risk profiles, e.g., the highest adult intake level of salted egg (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.87) and fermented black beans (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.80). Associations with NPC were weaker than previously reported, e.g., for weekly childhood intake of salted fish (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.97). CONCLUSIONS Hard and soft salted fish have different risk profiles. Salted fish and other preserved foods were at most weak risk factors for NPC in all periods and may play a smaller role in NPC occurrence than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Barrett
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | | | - Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center and
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center and
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center and
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Longde Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
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13
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Abounouh K, Aitraise I, Benabou A, Boussakri I, Doumir MA, El Boussairi C, El Idrissi S, El Mahdaoui C, Qouar DE, Ennahal A, Fathi S, Hafidi M, Lachker L, Ratib C, Tanouti IA, Maaroufi A, Benjelloun S, Guessous F, Pineau P, Ezzikouri S. Virus-associated human cancers in Moroccan population: From epidemiology to prospective research. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103990. [PMID: 31386915 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eight human viruses have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic for humans. Infection with high risk human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), Merkel cell polyomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV1) alone or in combination with other agents are the main etiologic factors of many cancers. This review highlights some aspects of virus-associated human cancers, potentially responsible for >14,000 malignancies per year in Morocco. Given that not all individuals infected with these viruses develop cancer, somatic alterations, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle or environmental factors obviously play potentializing roles modulating viral activity. These viral, host genetic signatures and lifestyle interactions may represent a reservoir of biomarkers for early detection, prevention of cancer and rationale-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Abounouh
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco; Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Aitraise
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anas Benabou
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dalal El Qouar
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Afaf Ennahal
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sofia Fathi
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Maria Hafidi
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lamyae Lachker
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chorouk Ratib
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
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14
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Mai ZM, Lin JH, Ngan RKC, Kwong DLW, Ng WT, Ng AWY, Yuen KT, Ip DKM, Chan YH, Lee AWM, Ho SY, Lung ML, Lam TH. Milk Consumption Across Life Periods in Relation to Lower Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multicentre Case-Control Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:253. [PMID: 31024854 PMCID: PMC6467951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The much higher incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in men suggests sex hormones as a risk factor, and dairy products contain measurable amounts of steroid hormones. Milk consumption has greatly increased in endemic regions of NPC. We investigated the association between NPC and milk consumption across life periods in Hong Kong. Methods: A multicentre case-control study included 815 histologically confirmed NPC incident cases and 1,502 controls who were frequency-matched on age and sex at five major hospitals in Hong Kong in 2014–2017. Odds ratios (ORs) of NPC (cases vs. controls) for milk consumption at different life periods were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status score, smoking and alcohol drinking status, exposure to occupational hazards, family history of cancer, IgA against Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen, and total energy intake. Results: Compared with abstainers, lower risks of NPC were consistently observed in regular users (consuming ≥5 glasses of milk [fresh and powdered combined] per month) across four life periods of age 6–12 (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–0.86), 13–18 (0.68, 0.55–0.84), 19–30 (0.68, 0.55–0.84), and 10 years before recruitment (0.72, 0.59–0.87). Long-term average milk consumption of ≤2.5, >2.5, and ≤12.5, >12.5 glasses per month yielded adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.00 (0.80–1.26), 0.98 (0.81–1.18), 0.95 (0.76–1.18), and 0.55 (0.43–0.70), respectively (all P-values for trend < 0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of milk across life periods was associated with lower risks of NPC. If confirmed to be causal, this has important implications for dairy product consumption and prevention of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Tong Ng
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Wan-Ying Ng
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Tong Yuen
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis Kai Ming Ip
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sai-Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Moumad K, Khaali W, Benider A, Ben Ayoub W, Hamdi-Cherif M, Boualga K, Hassen E, Ben Driss EK, Corbex M, Khyatti M. Joint effect of smoking and NQO1 C609T polymorphism on undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk in a North African population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:933-940. [PMID: 30160047 PMCID: PMC6305636 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a higher incidence in North Africa than in most parts of the world. In addition to environmental factors such as Epstein-Barr virus infection and chemical carcinogen exposure, genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of NPC. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 is a cytosolic enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. A C to T transition at position 609 in the NQO1 gene (OMIM: 125860) has been shown to alter the enzymatic activity of the enzyme and has been associated with increased risk to several cancers. This study investigates for the first time the effect of this polymorphism on NPC susceptibility in a North African population. METHODS The NQO1 C609T polymorphism was genotyped using PCR-RFLP in 392 NPC cases and 365 controls from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. RESULTS The allele frequencies and distributions of genotypes did not differ between cases and controls (p > 0.05). When stratifying according to smoking status, we observed two-fold higher NPC risk in ever-smokers carrying the CT or TT genotype. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a significant interaction between T allele and smoking status (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.20-3.19; interaction p = 0.007). CONCLUSION In this North African population, the functional NQO1 polymorphism was associated with a significantly higher risk of NPC among smokers and did not affect the risk among nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Moumad
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafa Khaali
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Service de Radiothérapie, Centre d'oncologie Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Kada Boualga
- Service de Radiothérapie Oncologique, Centre Antic-Cancer de Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Elham Hassen
- Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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16
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Chen YH, Zou XN, Zheng TZ, Zhou Q, Qiu H, Chen YL, He M, Du J, Lei HK, Zhao P. High Spicy Food Intake and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2241-2250. [PMID: 28875961 PMCID: PMC5598338 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.213968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies on the association between spicy food intake and cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from case–control studies. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible publications. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random- or fixed-effects model. The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). All data were analyzed using STATA 11.0 software (version 11.0; StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). Subgroup analyses were also performed with stratification by region, sex, number of cases, cancer subtype, source of the control group, and NOS score. Results: A total 39 studies from 28 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis (7884 patients with cancer and 10,142 controls). Comparison of the highest versus lowest exposure category in each study revealed a significant OR of 1.76 (95% CI = 1.35–2.29) in spite of significant heterogeneity (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, this positive correlation was still found for gastric cancer, different regions, different numbers of cases, different sources of the control group, and high-quality articles (NOS score of ≥ 7). However, no statistically significant association was observed for women, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, or low-quality articles (NOS score of <7). No evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions: Evidence from case–control studies suggested that a higher level of spicy food intake may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer despite significant heterogeneity. More studies are warranted to clarify our understanding of the association between high spicy food intake and the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Chen
- Cancer Foundation of China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zou
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tong-Zhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuan-Li Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mei He
- Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jia Du
- Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hai-Ke Lei
- Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Cancer Foundation of China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Zhu XX, Yang XJ, Chao YL, Zheng HM, Sheng HF, Liu HY, He Y, Zhou HW. The Potential Effect of Oral Microbiota in the Prediction of Mucositis During Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:23-31. [PMID: 28216066 PMCID: PMC5405060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral mucositis is probably the most debilitating complication that can arise in treating a patient with head and neck cancer. Little is known about the impacts of oral microbiota on the initiation and progression of mucositis. Methods Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, dynamic changes in oral bacterial profile as well as correlations between the severity of mucositis and bacterial shifts during radiotherapy were investigated. Findings Our results revealed that bacterial community structure altered progressively during radiation therapy, in parallel with a marked increase in the relative abundance of some Gram-negative bacteria. Patients who eventually developed severe mucositis harbored a significantly lower bacterial alpha diversity and higher abundance of Actinobacillus during the phase of erythema – patchy mucositis. Accordingly, a random forest model for predicting exacerbation of mucositis was generated, which achieved a high predictive accuracy (AUC) of 0.89. Interpretation Oral microbiota changes correlate with the progression and aggravation of radiotherapy-induced mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Microbiota-based strategies can be used for the early prediction and prevention of the incidence of severe mucositis during radiotherapy. The oral microbiota of NPC patients are different to that of healthy persons. The biodiversity of oral microbiota changed significantly as mucositis progressed during radiotherapy. Oral microbiota represents a potential strategy for predicting the aggravation of severe mucositis during radiotherapy.
Oral or oropharyngeal mucositis is the most common side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. In this prospective cohort study, we found that changes in an oral microbial community correlated with the progression and aggravation of radiotherapy-induced mucositis in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and patients who eventually developed severe mucositis transiently harbored a notably higher proportion of Actinobacillus during a mild phase of mucositis, which may potentially play a role in the aggravation of severe mucosal lesions. Moreover, our findings also showed that microbiota-based strategies can be used for the early prediction of the incidence of severe mucositis during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Lan Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hua-Fang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hai-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol and 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl Aspirinate Derivatives against Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cell Lines. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6760413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin and azo derivatives have been widely studied and have drawn considerable attention due to diverse biological activities. In this study, a series of 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl aspirinate derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of aspirin with 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol via esterification, in the presence of DCC/DMAP in DCM with overall yield of 45–54%. 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol was prepared prior to esterification from coupling reaction of aniline derivatives and phenol in basic solution. All compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. All compounds were screened for their anticancer activities against nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) HK-1 cell lines and the viability of cultured cells was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxylphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium]-based colorimetric assay. 4-[(E)-(Fluorophenyl)diazenyl]phenol showed the highest anticancer activity against NPC HK-1 cell lines compared to other synthesized compounds. 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl aspirinate showed low cytotoxicity against NPC HK-1 cell lines compared to 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol but better anticancer activity than aspirin alone.
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Mahdavifar N, Towhidi F, Makhsosi BR, Pakzad R, Moini A, Ahmadi A, Lotfi S, Salehiniya H. Incidence and Mortality of Nasopharynx Cancer and Its Relationship With Human Development Index in the World in 2012. World J Oncol 2016; 7:109-118. [PMID: 28983375 PMCID: PMC5624652 DOI: 10.14740/wjon980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common cancers in head and neck is nasopharynx. Knowledge about the incidence and mortality of this disease and its distribution in terms of geographical areas is necessary for further study, better planning and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and mortality of nasopharynx cancer and its relationship with human development index (HDI) in the world in 2012. METHODS This study was an ecological study conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of World Health Organization (WHO) for the countries in world. The correlation between standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and standardized mortality rates (SMRs) of nasopharynx cancer with HDI and its components was assessed with correlation coefficient by using SPSS 15. RESULTS In 2012, 86,691 nasopharynx cancer cases occurred in the world, so that 60,896 new cases were seen in men and 25,795 new cases in women (sex ratio = 2.36). SIR of the cancer was 1.2 per 100,000 (1.7 in men and 0.7 in women per 100,000) in the world. In 2012, 50,831 nasopharynx death cases occurred in the world, so that 35,756 death cases were seen in men and 15,075 death cases in women (sex ratio = 2.37). SIR of mortality from the cancer was 0.7 per 100,000 (0.7 in women and 1 in men per 100,000) in the world. The results of correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the SIR and HDI (r = -0.037, P = 0.629), and also the results of correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the SMR and HDI (r = -0.237, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Nasopharyngeal cancer is native to Southeast Asia and the highest incidence and mortality were seen in countries with moderate and low HDI. It is suggested that studies are conducted on determining the causes of the cancer incidence and mortality in the world and the differences between various regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mahdavifar
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farhad Towhidi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Reza Pakzad
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Moini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sarah Lotfi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khaali W, Moumad K, Ben Driss EK, Benider A, Ben Ayoub W, Hamdi-Cherif M, Boualga K, Hassen E, Corbex M, Khyatti M. No association between TGF-β1 polymorphisms and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a large North African case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:72. [PMID: 27733130 PMCID: PMC5062876 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic susceptibility plays a key role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and in fact the disease presents with an unusually high incidence in certain regions of the world like North Africa. We investigated the association between polymorphism of the Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and risk of NPC in North Africa. TGF-β1 is a multifunctional cytokine that acts as both a tumor suppressor and a stimulator of cancer development; it has been shown to influence risk of numerous other carcinomas including lung, breast and prostate cancer. Methods TGF-β1 polymorphisms C-509T and T869C were studied in a large North African sample of 384 NPC cases and 361 controls, matched for age, sex and urban or rural residence in childhood. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results No association was observed between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms or their haplotypes and NPC susceptibility (for TGF-β1 C-509T: OR = 0.74; 95 % CI 0.46 − 1.18; for TGF-β1 T869C: OR = 0.86; 95 % CI 0.56 − 1.31), even when the samples were stratified by age, gender and TNM stage. Conclusion Contrary to what has been observed in Asian samples, in our North African sample, the TGF-β1 C-509T and T869C polymorphisms did not substantially influence NPC susceptibility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0337-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Khaali
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. .,Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Moumad
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Service de Radiothérapie, Centre d'oncologie Ibn Rochd, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, 10006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Kada Boualga
- Service de Radiothérapie Oncologique, Centre Anti-Cancer de Blida, 09000, Blida, Algeria
| | - Elham Hassen
- Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marilys Corbex
- Who Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meriem Khyatti
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Hussein WM, Anwar WA, Attaleb M, Mazini L, Försti A, Trimbitas RD, Khyatti M. A review of the infection-associated cancers in North African countries. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:35. [PMID: 27512409 PMCID: PMC4979152 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is typically classified as a leading non-communicable disease; however, infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of various cancers. Less developed countries, including countries of the North African (NA) region, endure the highest burden of infection-related cancers. The five most common infection-associated cancers in NA in order of incidence are bladder cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review aims to outline the epidemiologic pattern of infection-associated cancers in five NA countries (namely: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) highlighting the similarities and differences across the region. The present study employed an initial literature review of peer-reviewed articles selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and World Health Organization (WHO) databases based on key word searches without restriction on publication dates. Original research articles and reports written in French, as well as data from institutional reports and regional meeting abstracts were also included in this extensive review. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were selected to be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagida A Anwar
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Technics, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Mazini
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Li F, Duan F, Zhao X, Song C, Cui S, Dai L. Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk: A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1034-43. [PMID: 27367552 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify and quantify the potential dose-response association between the intake of total red and total processed meat and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang). The summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated. A total of 15 independent studies with 12,735 subjects were identified. Compared with the low-rank intake, the summary RR of NPC was 1.35 (95%CI, 1.21-1.51) for total red meat and 1.46 (95%CI, 1.34-1.64) for total processed meat. For the moderate-rank intake, the summary RR of NPC was 1.54 (95%CI, 1.36-1.79) for total red meat and 1.59 (95%CI, 1.3-1.90) for total processed meat. The summary RR for high-rank intake was 1.71 (95%CI, 1.14-2.55) for total red meat and 2.11 (95%CI, 1.31-3.42) for total processed meat. The combined estimates showed obvious evidence of statistically significant association between total red and total processed meat consumption dose and risk of NPC (Ptrend< 0.01). In conclusion, our data suggest that a high intake of total red or total processed meat is associated with a significantly increased risk of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqin Li
- a Department of Hospital Infection Management , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Fujiao Duan
- b Department of Nosocomial Infection Management , Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xia Zhao
- a Department of Hospital Infection Management , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Chunhua Song
- c Department of Epidemiology , College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China.,d Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Shuli Cui
- e College of Professional Study, Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Liping Dai
- c Department of Epidemiology , College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China.,d Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
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Lo YL, Pan WH, Hsu WL, Chien YC, Chen JY, Hsu MM, Lou PJ, Chen IH, Hildesheim A, Chen CJ. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis Discovered a Dietary Pattern Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155892. [PMID: 27249558 PMCID: PMC4889039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between dietary component, dietary pattern and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is scarce. A major challenge is the high degree of correlation among dietary constituents. We aimed to identify dietary pattern associated with NPC and to illustrate the dose-response relationship between the identified dietary pattern scores and the risk of NPC. Taking advantage of a matched NPC case–control study, data from a total of 319 incident cases and 319 matched controls were analyzed. Dietary pattern was derived employing partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) performed on energy-adjusted food frequencies derived from a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multiple conditional logistic regression models, linking pattern scores and NPC risk. A high score of the PLS-DA derived pattern was characterized by high intakes of fruits, milk, fresh fish, vegetables, tea, and eggs ordered by loading values. We observed that one unit increase in the scores was associated with a significantly lower risk of NPC (ORadj = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60–0.88) after controlling for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among Epstein-Barr virus seropositive subjects. An NPC protective diet is indicated with more phytonutrient-rich plant foods (fruits, vegetables), milk, other protein-rich foods (in particular fresh fish and eggs), and tea. This information may be used to design potential dietary regimen for NPC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Chunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mow-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-How Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
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Wang C, Lin XL, Fan YY, Liu YT, Zhang XL, Lu YK, Xu CH, Chen YM. Diet Quality Scores and Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Chinese Adults: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:112. [PMID: 26927167 PMCID: PMC4808842 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies show that dietary factors may affect the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We examined the association between overall diet quality and NPC risk in a Chinese population. This case-control study included 600 NPC patients and 600 matched controls between 2009 and 2011 in Guangzhou, China. Habitual dietary intake and various covariates were assessed via face-to-face interviews. Diet quality scores were calculated according to the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed). After adjustment for various lifestyle and dietary factors, greater diet quality scores on the HEI-2005, aHEI, and DQI-I—but not on the aMed—showed a significant association with a lower risk of NPC (p-trends, <0.001–0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing the extreme quartiles of the three significant scores were 0.47 (0.32–0.68) (HEI-2005), 0.48 (0.33–0.70) (aHEI), and 0.43 (0.30–0.62) (DQI-I). In gender-stratified analyses, the favorable association remained significant in men but not in women. We found that adherence to the predefined dietary patterns represented by the HEI-2005, aHEI, and DQI-I scales predicted a lower risk of NPC in adults from south China, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yu-Ying Fan
- Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yuan-Ting Liu
- Information Section, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China.
| | - Xing-Lan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yun-Kai Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Clinical laboratory section of the office outpatient Department public security board, Guangdong 510050, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Wided BAH, Hamouda B, Hamadi H, Mansour BA. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in North Tunisia: negative trends in adults but not adolescents, 1994-2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2653-7. [PMID: 25854341 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the second most common neoplasm of head and neck in Tunisia. The distribution is bimodal with a first period occurrence between 15 and 20 years old and a second peak at around 50 years of age. Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx type III (UCNT) is the predominant histological type (93.4%). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia confirmed that it is an intermediate risk area for NPC with overall ASRs of 3.6 and 1.6/100,000 respectively in males and females. This study aimed to present the evolution of incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a period of 12 years (1994-2006). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia (NTCR), covering half of the Tunisian population, were used to determine evolution of NPC incidence, calculated by 5 year periods. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. To best summarize the behavior or the data trend across years, we used a join-point regression program. Between 1994 and 2006, we observed negative annual average change of standardized incidence in men and women (-3.3% and -2.7%) also for the standardized incidences which showed a rather important decline (26.4% in males and 22.3% in females). The truncated age standardized incidence rate of NPC in adults aged of 30 years old and more (N=1209) decreased by -0.4% per year from 1994 to 2006 over time in north Tunisia dropping from 6.09 to 4.14 person-years. However, the rate was relatively stable during this period among youths aged 0-29 years (N=233) in both sexes. NPC demonstrated a favorable evolution from 1994-2006 probably due to a improvement in socioeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ayoub Hizem Wided
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology Cancer Registry North of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia E-mail :
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Fang CY, Wu CC, Hsu HY, Chuang HY, Huang SY, Tsai CH, Chang Y, Tsao GSW, Chen CL, Chen JY. EGCG inhibits proliferation, invasiveness and tumor growth by up-regulation of adhesion molecules, suppression of gelatinases activity, and induction of apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2530-58. [PMID: 25625511 PMCID: PMC4346850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells. Epidemiological studies have shown that drinking green tea can reduce the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), yet the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, the inhibitory effect of EGCG was tested on a set of Epstein Barr virus-negative and -positive NPC cell lines. Treatment with EGCG inhibited the proliferation of NPC cells but did not affect the growth of a non-malignant nasopharyngeal cell line, NP460hTert. Moreover, EGCG treated cells had reduced migration and invasive properties. The expression of the cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and β-catenin was found to be up-regulated by EGCG treatment, while the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were found to be mediated by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and AP-1 and Sp1 transactivation. Spheroid formation by NPC cells in suspension was significantly inhibited by EGCG. Oral administration of EGCG was capable of suppressing tumor growth in xenografted mice bearing NPC tumors. Treatment with EGCG was found to elevate the expression of p53 and p21, and eventually led to apoptosis of NPC cells via caspase 3 activation. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB and β-catenin was also suppressed by EGCG treatment. These results indicate that EGCG can inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness, and induce apoptosis, of NPC cells, making it a promising agent for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yeu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yu Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ying Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yen Huang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yao Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - George Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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Hamdi Cherif M, Serraino D, Mahnane A, Laouamri S, Zaidi Z, Boukharouba H, Cherka D, Rakeb M, Kara L, Ayat A, Birri S, Virdone S, De Paoli P, Bidoli E. Time trends of cancer incidence in Setif, Algeria, 1986-2010: an observational study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:637. [PMID: 25175348 PMCID: PMC4164767 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of various cancers are increasing in Arab countries and are expected to reach those of industrialized ones in few decades. This paper aimed to describe the incidence rates of most common cancers--and/or of those cancer preventable through modifiable behaviors--recorded in the province of Setif, Algeria from 1986 through 2010. METHODS Cancer diagnoses for the 1986-2010 period were provided by the population-based Cancer Registry of Setif, disentangled by site, morphology, age (quinquennia), sex, and calendar period. The corresponding population was obtained from the Algerian Institute of Statistics. Age-standardized rates (world population) (ASR-WR) were computed by calendar period (five quinquennias from 1986-1990 to 2006-2010), while annual percent changes (APCs) were computed for the period 1996-2010. RESULTS During the 2006-2010 period, ASR-WR for all cancer sites were 106.4/100,000 in men and 110.3 in women. The four leading cancers were: lung (18.0%); colon-rectum (9.6%); bladder (9.1%); and prostate (6.5%) in men; breast (36.4%); colon-rectum (8.5%); cervix uteri (6.0%); and thyroid (6.0%) in women. Between 1996-2010, overall cancer incidence increased statistically significantly (p < 0.05) in both men (APC = +2.5%) and women (APC = +3.7%). Statistically significant decreasing trends were observed for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (APC = -3.4%) in men, and for cervical (APC = -4.2%) and gallbladder (APC = -3.2%) cancers in women. Statistically significant increasing trends were observed for most common cancers both in men (lung:+1.8%, colon-rectum:+5.4%, prostate:+4.3%, liver:+8.9%, and bladder:+5.9%) and women (breast:+8.2%, colon-rectum:+4.5%, lung:+10.0%, liver:+5.4%, thyroid:+5.3%, and larynx:+13.8%). CONCLUSIONS International recommendations against cancer must be strongly promoted in Setif after taking into account epidemiological transition, lifestyle, and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ettore Bidoli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Jin J, Ouyang Z, Wang Z. Association of fruit and vegetables with the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5229. [PMID: 25008797 PMCID: PMC5381608 DOI: 10.1038/srep05229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the association between the intake of vegetables and fruit and risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vegetables and fruit and NPC risk. Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Wan Fang Med Online. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test. Finally, 15 articles comprising 8208 NPC cases were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that there was significant association between vegetables and fruit intake and NPC risk. The pooled RRs were 0.60 (95% CI = 0.47–0.76) for vegetables and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.56–0.70) for fruit. No publication bias was detected. Our analysis indicated that intake of vegetables and fruit may have a protective effect on NPC. Since the potential biases and confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- 1] Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Central Hospital of Yiwu City(Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University), Yiwu 322000, China [2]
| | - Zhiguo Ouyang
- 1] Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Central Hospital of Yiwu City(Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University), Yiwu 322000, China [2]
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- 1] Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200092 [2] Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200092
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Bouchbika Z, Haddad H, Benchakroun N, Eddakaoui H, Kotbi S, Megrini A, Bourezgui H, Sahraoui S, Corbex M, Harif M, Benider A. Cancer incidence in Morocco: report from Casablanca registry 2005-2007. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 16:31. [PMID: 24570792 PMCID: PMC3932129 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.16.31.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few population-based cancer registries are in place in developing countries. In order to know the burden of cancer in Moroccan population, cancer registry initiative was put in place in the Casablanca district, the biggest city of Morocco. METHODS The data collected covers 3.6 millions inhabitant and included Casablanca city and the administrative region. RESULTS The data collected in the years 2005-07 show that the top 5 forms of cancers in women were breast (ASR: 36.4 per 100,000), cervical (15.0), thyroid (6.7), colon-rectum (5.8), and ovarian (5.3); the top 5 cancers in men were lung (25.9), prostate (13.5), bladder (8.7), colon-rectum (8.1) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7.2). Tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues represented 11% of all cancers (skin excluded); some presented unusual sex ratios. For breast, cervical, colorectal and thyroid cancer, respectively 57%, 42%, 28% and 60% of the cases were under 50 years of age. This was attributable to particularly low numbers of cases recorded among old people, and the young age of the general population; the observed age-specific incidences under age 50 were not higher than in western countries. Cancers at young ages were particularly common in women: 67% of the cases were under 50. Stage at diagnosis could be obtained for 82% of the breast cancer cases and was as follows: 28% local, 63% regional and 9% distant, in the absence of screening. CONCLUSION These first population-based data have provided an invaluable resource for the national cancer control plan of Morocco, and will be useful tool to its future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Bouchbika
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Houssam Haddad
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Nadia Benchakroun
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Houda Eddakaoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Souad Kotbi
- Registry team, Regional Directorate of Health of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anis Megrini
- Registry team, Regional Directorate of Health of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanane Bourezgui
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Souha Sahraoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
| | - Marilys Corbex
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mhamed Harif
- Centre Hospitalier Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Department of Radiotherapy-oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Hassan II University, Morocco
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Tabyaoui I, Serhier Z, Sahraoui S, Sayd S, Cadi R, Bennani OM, Benider A, Zamiati S, Tahiri JN. Immunohistochemical expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and p53 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Moroccan experience. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:710-7. [PMID: 24250311 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor intimately associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). NPC is a characteristic tumor displaying epidemiological, genetic and regional distribution properties that makes it unique by its natural behavior. OBJECTIVES To assess the expression pattern of LMP1 and p53 proteins in the different histological types of NPC in a sample of the Moroccan population and to define any association between the expression of those proteins with the sex, the age and the histological types of NPC. METHODS Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC biopsies were evaluated in 23 Moroccan patients for the presence of LMP1 and p53 using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS No LMP1 expression was observed whereas 8 of 23 cases (34. 7%) had detectable p53 protein in the nuclei of tumor cells. After statistical analysis according to the Fisher's exact probability test, no significant association between p53 expression and histological type, age and sex distributions was demonstrated (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study confirms that p53 overexpression is present in a subset of Moroccan NPC patients. Our results are consistent with those reported by other studies concerning the same NPC endemic risk area and provide original data concerning Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tabyaoui
- Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco
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Genetic polymorphisms in host innate immune sensor genes and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:971-7. [PMID: 23576520 PMCID: PMC3689808 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.005371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world. It is an Epstein-Barr virus−associated malignancy with an unusual racial and geographical distribution. The host innate immune sensor genes play an important role in infection recognition and immune response against viruses. Therefore, we examined the association between polymorphisms in genes within a group of pattern recognition receptors (including families of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and retinoic acid−inducible gene I−like receptors) and NPC susceptibility. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five pattern-recognition genes were genotyped in 492 North African NPC cases and 373 frequency-matched controls. TLR3_rs3775291 was the most significantly associated SNP (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11−2.00; P = 0.008; dominant model). The analysis showed also that CD209_rs7248637 (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52−0.93; P = 0.02; dominant model) and DDX58_rs56309110 (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.51−0.98; P = 0.04) were associated with the risk of NPC. An 18% increased risk per allele was observed for the five most significantly associated SNPs, TLR3_rs3775291, CD209_rs7248637, DDX58_rs56309110, CD209_rs4804800, and MBL2_rs10824792, (ptrend = 8.2 × 10−4). Our results suggest that genetic variation in pattern-recognition genes is associated with the risk of NPC. These preliminary findings require replication in larger studies.
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Lau HY, Leung CM, Chan YH, Lee AWM, Kwong DLW, Lung ML, Lam TH. Secular trends of salted fish consumption and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-jurisdiction ecological study in 8 regions from 3 continents. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:298. [PMID: 23782497 PMCID: PMC3729410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite salted fish being a classical risk factor of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), whether secular trends in salted fish consumption worldwide accounted for changes in NPC rates were unknown. The relationship between vegetable and cigarette consumption to NPC risk worldwide were also largely uncertain. We investigated the longitudinal trends in standardised NPC incidence/mortality rates across 8 regions and their associations with secular trends in salted fish, vegetable and tobacco consumptions. METHODS Age standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC were obtained from the WHO cancer mortality database and Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Per capita consumption of salted fish, tobacco and vegetables in Hong Kong and 7 countries (China, Finland, Japan, Portugal, Singapore, United Kingdom and United States) were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) and Hong Kong Trade and Census Statistics. Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis were performed to examine both crude and adjusted associations. RESULTS There were markedly decreasing trends of NPC ASIR and ASMR in Hong Kong over the past three decades, which were correlated with corresponding secular changes in salted fish consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years : ASIR = 0.729 (male), 0.674 (female); ASMR = 0.943 (male), 0.622 (female), all p < 0.05 except for female ASMR). However such associations no longer correlated with adjustments for decreasing tobacco and increasing vegetable consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years: ASIR = 2.007 (male), 0.339 (female), ASMR = 0.289 (male), 1.992 (female), all p > 0.05). However, there were no clear or consistent patterns in relations between NPC ASIR and ASMR with salted fish consumption across 7 regions in 3 continents. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the notion that changes in salted fish consumption had played an important role in explaining secular trends of NPC rates in Hong Kong and worldwide. Further studies should explore other lifestyle and genetic factors. However, our findings do support the potentially protective effects of vegetable consumption against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Ying Lau
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit-Ming Leung
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
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Kontos CK, Fendri A, Khabir A, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Scorilas A. Quantitative expression analysis and prognostic significance of the BCL2-associated X gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:293. [PMID: 23777485 PMCID: PMC3689087 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic epithelial malignancy showing high prevalence in Southeast Asia and North Africa. The BCL2-associated X (BAX) gene encodes the most important pro-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family. We have recently shown that BCL2 and BCL2L12, two other members of the same apoptosis-related family, possess significant prognostic value in NPC. The objective of the current study was to analyze BAX mRNA expression in nasopharyngeal biopsies of NPC patients, and to assess its prognostic potential in this disease. Methods Total RNA was isolated from 88 malignant and 9 hyperplastic nasopharyngeal biopsies, resected from Tunisian patients. After cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription of polyadenylated RNA, BAX mRNA expression was analyzed using a highly sensitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. Results Lower BAX mRNA levels were detected in NPC biopsies than in hyperplastic nasopharyngeal samples. BAX mRNA expression status was associated with low tumor extent, negative regional lymph node status, and absence of distant metastases. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with BAX mRNA-positive NPC have significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In accordance with these findings, Cox regression analysis revealed that BAX mRNA expression can be considered as a favorable prognostic indicator of DFS and OS in NPC, independent of their gender, age, tumor histology, tumor extent, and nodal status. Furthermore, NPC patients without distant metastases are less likely to relapse when their primary tumor is BAX mRNA-positive, compared to metastasis-free patients with a BAX-negative nasopharyngeal malignancy. Conclusion This is the first study examining the potential clinical utility of BAX as a prognostic tumor biomarker in NPC. We provide evidence that BAX mRNA expression can be considered as an independent favorable prognostic indicator of DFS and OS in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
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Polesel J, Serraino D, Negri E, Barzan L, Vaccher E, Montella M, Zucchetto A, Garavello W, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Talamini R. Consumption of fruit, vegetables, and other food groups and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1157-65. [PMID: 23535867 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of dietary habits in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been extensively investigated in high-incidence areas, but evidence is scanty in low-incidence populations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NPC risk and a wide range of food groups in the Italian population. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy on 198, histologically confirmed, NPC cases of Caucasian ethnicity, aged 18-76 years. Controls were 594 Caucasian cancer-free patients admitted to general hospitals for acute conditions. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and energy intake. RESULTS Elevated vegetable consumption was inversely related to NPC risk (OR for highest vs. lower quartile = 0.51; 95 % CI 0.29-0.90). The association was particularly strong for yellow- or red-pigmented vegetables (OR = 0.31; 95 % CI 0.18-0.54), and this effect was stronger among never smokers (OR = 0.18; 95 % CI 0.06-0.55) than among ever smokers (OR = 0.37; 95 % CI 0.19-0.71). Increased NPC risk emerged for elevated eggs consumption (OR = 2.50; 95 % CI 1.44-4.32; p-trend <0.01). No significant associations emerged between NPC risk and consumption of cereals, meat, fish, dairy products, and sweets. CONCLUSIONS The study findings show that, also in low-risk populations, vegetable consumption is a protective factor against NPC. The stronger effect for yellow- or red-pigmented vegetables is in agreement with the inverse association reported for carotenoids intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento OncologicoI, IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Wang B, Xu J, Zhou R, Zhang Q. Association of LAPTM4B gene polymorphism with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population. Med Oncol 2013; 30:470. [PMID: 23345117 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta (LAPTM4B) is a novel cancer-related gene. It has two alleles designated LAPTM4B 1 and LAPTM4B 2. Previous studies have revealed that LAPTM4B polymorphisms contribute to the risk of many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between different LAPTM4B alleles and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common cancers in southern China. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a case-control study, we detected the LAPTM4B genotype in peripheral blood samples from 134 patients with NPC and 327 control subjects. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences of categorical variables and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Odds ratios and 95 % CI were computed using an unconditional logistic regression model. The frequency of allele 2 was 26.87 % in the NPC group, which was not significantly different from that of the control group (27.98 %, P = 0.867). Using the LAPTM4B 1/1 genotype as a reference, we found that the 1/2, 2/2 and 1/2 + 2/2 genotype were also not associated with the risk of NPC. No association was observed between LAPTM4B gene polymorphisms and the risk of NPC adjusted by gender and age. The results of our study indicated that the polymorphism of LAPTM4B gene did not influence the susceptibility of NPC in the Chinese population. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
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Feng BJ. Descriptive, Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Belkacémi Y, Boussen H, Turkan S, Tsoutsou PG, Geara F, Gligorov J. Fight against cancer around the Mediterranean area: "Many hands make light work!". Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012. [PMID: 23177098 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The geopolitical and strategic importance of the Mediterranean area is evident since a long time. In terms of health programs and means for cancer care, significant disparities have been reported between countries that borders the Mediterranean basin. AROME project began modestly in 2006 with a group of leaders who recognized the need to promote practical training of young people and, thus, contribute to reduce these inacceptable inequalities in terms of early diagnosis and management. Moreover, our project has been built from our belief that the socio-cultural specificity of this region, its epidemiology, availability of means for diagnosis and treatment, should impose a sustained regional research and better knowledge of tumor biology and identify the specificities that may require particular strategies of care that should not be based only on Western and Asian research data. We must thus take advantage of advances in the identification of intimate biological tumors to provide answers to our ignorance of the specific Mediterranean biology. In this paper, we illustrate this issue describing some particular cancers in this region such as breast and nasopharyngeal cancers.
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Fang CY, Huang SY, Wu CC, Hsu HY, Chou SP, Tsai CH, Chang Y, Takada K, Chen JY. The synergistic effect of chemical carcinogens enhances Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and tumor progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44810. [PMID: 23024765 PMCID: PMC3443098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seroepidemiological studies imply a correlation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). N-nitroso compounds, phorbols, and butyrates are chemicals found in food and herb samples collected from NPC high-risk areas. These chemicals have been reported to be risk factors contributing to the development of NPC, however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We have demonstrated previously that low dose N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 0.1 µg/ml) had a synergistic effect with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sodium butyrate (SB) in enhancing EBV reactivation and genome instability in NPC cells harboring EBV. Considering that residents in NPC high-risk areas may contact regularly with these chemical carcinogens, it is vital to elucidate the relation between chemicals and EBV and their contributions to the carcinogenesis of NPC. In this study, we constructed a cell culture model to show that genome instability, alterations of cancer hallmark gene expression, and tumorigenicity were increased after recurrent EBV reactivation in NPC cells following combined treatment of TPA/SB and MNNG. NPC cells latently infected with EBV, NA, and the corresponding EBV-negative cell, NPC-TW01, were periodically treated with MNNG, TPA/SB, or TPA/SB combined with MNNG. With chemically-induced recurrent reactivation of EBV, the degree of genome instability was significantly enhanced in NA cells treated with a combination of TPA/SB and MNNG than those treated individually. The Matrigel invasiveness, as well as the tumorigenicity in mouse, was also enhanced in NA cells after recurrent EBV reactivation. Expression profile analysis by microarray indicates that many carcinogenesis-related genes were altered after recurrent EBV reactivation, and several aberrations observed in cell lines correspond to alterations in NPC lesions. These results indicate that cooperation between chemical carcinogens can enhance the reactivation of EBV and, over recurrent reactivations, lead to alteration of cancer hallmark gene expression with resultant enhancement of tumorigenesis in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yen Huang
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine of National Tsing Hua University and National Health Research Institutes, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kenzo Takada
- Department of Tumor Virology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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39
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The battle against nasopharyngeal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2012; 104:272-8. [PMID: 22938727 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of the evolving efforts to understand and combat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a most peculiar cancer with a distinctly skewed geographic and ethnic distribution. Multifactorial etiology with dynamic interplay of genetic predisposition, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and environmental carcinogens is suggested. With changing lifestyle in Hong Kong, the age-standardized incidence rate has decreased by more than 50% during the past 30 years. The advent of megavoltage radiotherapy has transformed this once lethal cancer into one that is readily curable. Advances in technology and addition of chemotherapy have led to gratifying improvements. Overall survival exceeding 75% at 5 years could now be achieved; series using advanced technique with intensity-modulation consistently achieved excellent locoregional control. Studies are on-going to develop more potent systemic therapy for distant control. Serious late toxicities remain a serious concern demanding further improvement in radiotherapy technique and optimization of dose fractionation. Translational researches are increasingly important for the ideal goals of prevention, early detection and more accurate prognostication/prediction to work toward personalized medicine. The battle against NPC is one of the most fascinating successes in oncology, it is highly hopeful that with international collaborations and concerted efforts, we can totally conquer this cancer.
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Lowered risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and intake of plant vitamin, fresh fish, green tea and coffee: a case-control study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41779. [PMID: 22848600 PMCID: PMC3407060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of adult diet on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 375 incident NPC cases and 327 controls matched to the cases on sex, age, and residence were recruited between July 1991 and December 1994. A structured questionnaire inquiring complete dietary history, socio-demographic characteristics, and other potential confounding factors was used in the personal interview. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR(adj)) with 95% confidence interval (CI) after accounting for known risk factors. RESULTS Fresh fish (OR(adj), 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38-0.83 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of intake), green tea (OR(adj), 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.91 for drinking ≥1 times/week vs. never) and coffee (OR(adj), 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.85 for drinking ≥0.5 times/week vs. never) were inversely associated with the NPC risk. No association with NPC risk was observed for the intake of meats, salted fish, fresh vegetables, fruits and milk. Intake of vitamin A from plant sources was associated with a decreased NPC risk (OR(adj), 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94 for the highest vs. lowest tertile). CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that certain adult dietary patterns might protect against the development of NPC.
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Bourouba M, Boukercha A, Zergoun AA, Zebboudj A, Elhadjan M, Djenaoui D, Asselah F, Touil-Boukoffa C. Increased production of nitric oxide correlates with tumor growth in Algerian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomarkers 2012; 17:618-24. [PMID: 22817561 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.706643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is thought to arise because of chronic inflammation. The correlation between nitric oxide (NO) production, a biomarker of inflammation and NPC development remains unexplored. To investigate this question, we performed a profile analysis on plasma collected from untreated, treated, remissive, cured and relapsing patients. Nitrites were measured to assess NO activity. We observed that increased nitrites concentrations in untreated and relapsing patients associated with tumor development. Moreover, nitrites levels were similar in remissive, cured and healthy individuals. Altogether, our results suggest that NO might be an interesting blood biomarker to monitor tumor growth in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bourouba
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases, Immunity and pathogeny, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Liu YT, Dai JJ, Xu CH, Lu YK, Fan YY, Zhang XL, Zhang CX, Chen YM. Greater intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with lower risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:589-99. [PMID: 22392078 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain due to limited published evidence. We performed a matched case-control study to investigate the relationship between the intake of fruit and vegetables and the risk of NPC. METHODS Between July 2009 and March 2011, 600 (448 male, 152 female), NPC incident cases from a single hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, a high-incidence area, were enrolled in the study. 600 controls, matched by gender, age (± 3 years) and household type (urban/rural) were also enrolled. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect habitual dietary intakes and information on various covariates. RESULTS Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed significant, dose-dependent inverse associations between the intake of vegetables, fruit or a combination of the two and the risk of NPC, even after adjustments for social-economic status, body mass index, dietary factors and other potential covariates. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NPC in the top quartile of vegetable intake, fruit intake or a combination of the two, as compared to the lowest quartile, were 0.33 (0.22-0.50), 0.70 (0.47-1.04) and 0.37 (0.25-0.55), respectively. Dark green leafy vegetables, carrots, peppers and tomatoes, citrus fruit and pome fruit showed much more pronounced benefits with regards to NPC than other types of fruit and vegetables. Interaction analyses demonstrated that the effects of total combined vegetable and fruit intake were much more significant in subjects with a higher education level (p interaction: 0.027), and the benefits of fruit were observed in males, but not in females (p interaction: 0.088). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a greater consumption of fruit and vegetables may lower the risk of NPC in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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43
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Non-viral environmental risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:117-26. [PMID: 22311401 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to systematically summarize the epidemiological studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) conducted over the past half century, covering descriptive epidemiological studies and reports on non-viral risk factors. Multiple lines of epidemiologic evidence for established risk factors are systematically presented in comprehensive tables. The potential interactions among environmental factors and genetic components, and also the impacts of parallel sequencing technology on the aetiology of NPC are discussed. Finally, we propose a modified model for the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on the current knowledge.
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Aussem A, de Morais SR, Corbex M. Analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk factors with Bayesian networks. Artif Intell Med 2012; 54:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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45
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Ben Chaaben A, Busson M, Douik H, Boukouaci W, Mamoghli T, Chaouch L, Harzallah L, Dorra S, Fortier C, Ghanem A, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Guemira F, Tamouza R. Association of IL-12p40 +1188 A/C polymorphism with nasopharyngeal cancer risk and tumor extension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:148-51. [PMID: 21623733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 12 (IL-12) cytokine, encoded by polymorphic genes, plays a central role in the T helper 1 cell-mediated immunity against tumors. We investigated whether the 3' untranslated region +1188 A/C polymorphism (rs 3212227) influences the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk in Tunisian patients. DNA analysis of 247 patients and 284 healthy individuals showed a higher frequency of the 1188 C allele and the CC genotype in patients than in controls (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.00005) suggesting that the C variant allele is associated with the susceptibility to NPC. Additional testing showed that the homozygous CC genotype is also associated with advanced stage of the tumor extension at presentation (P = 0.022). Our data suggest that the impaired production of IL-12 behaves as a risk factor for NPC occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben Chaaben
- Clinical Biology Department, Salah Azaiz Institute of Cancer, Tunis, Tunisia
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Laantri N, Jalbout M, Khyatti M, Ayoub WB, Dahmoul S, Ayad M, Bedadra W, Abdoun M, Mesli S, Kandil M, Hamdi-Cherif M, Boualga K, Bouaouina N, Chouchane L, Benider A, Ben-Ayed F, Goldgar D, Corbex M. XRCC1 and hOGG1 genes and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North African countries. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:732-7. [PMID: 21520294 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although genetic susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been recognized for a long time, little is known about the responsible genes. X-Ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and human 8-oxo-guanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes are involved in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and were found associated with NPC risk in three Asian case-control studies. The objective of the present study was to test these genes in a sample from North Africa, one of the major NPC endemic regions in the world. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XRCC1 gene and one SNP in the hOGG1 gene were genotyped in 598 NPC cases from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia and 545 controls frequency matched by recruitment center, age, sex, and urban/rural household. The genotype and allelic distributions for the hOGG1 (326)Ser/Cys SNP and for the XRCC1 (399)Arg/Trp, (280)Arg/His, and (194)Arg/Trp SNPs did not differ significantly among NPC cases and controls. The XRCC1 (194)Trp allele frequency was significantly lower in the North African population than in Asian population (f = 0.04 vs. 0.31 in Cantonese Chinese and 0.21 Han Chinese). The hOGG1 (326)Ser allele frequency was significantly higher in the North African population (f = 0.73) than in Asian populations (f = 0.39 in Taiwanese). The results of the present study obtained from a large sample indicate that the XRCC1 and hOGG1 genes are unlikely to play a role in the susceptibility to NPC in North Africans. Our results do not corroborate those found in Asian population on smaller samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Laantri
- Laboratory of Onco-Virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Matalka I, Al Hamad M, Al-Hussaini M, Alzoubi FQ. The incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma of Jordanian patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:229-34. [PMID: 21409390 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients diagnosed with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC) from the Northern Province of Jordan. All cases diagnosed with UNPC at King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan, between the years 1991 and 2009 inclusive were examined. Clinical data including age, gender, mode of presentation, site of biopsy were retrieved from pathology reports. In situ hybridization for (EBV)--EBERs was performed on cases with available paraffin blocks. Correlation between the different clinical variables and results of in situ hybridization was performed. There were 49 cases diagnosed with UNPC, only 39 specimens were available and studied. The median age of presentation was 41 years (range 9-70 years). Bimodal age distribution was noted, the first peak between 15 and 19 years of age and second between 60 and 64 years of age. Males were slightly more commonly affected than females. Cervical lymph node enlargement was the most common mode of presentation, followed by nasal obstruction. Biopsies were obtained primarily from the posterior nasal space, followed by cervical lymph node. Positive staining for EBERs by in situ hybridization was seen in 92.3% of the cases examined. There was no difference in detection rate between males and females or adults and pediatrics. All cases obtained from posterior nasal space were positive. The three negative cases were from biopsies obtained from cervical lymph nodes, which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Jordan is seen in both children and adults. It is associated with EBV infection in most, but not all cases. Posterior nasal space shows a more consistent staining for EBERs than cervical lymph nodes. The presence of other association with UNPC including cigarette smoking could possibly explain the cases with negative association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Matalka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
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Fendri A, Kontos CK, Khabir A, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Scorilas A. BCL2L12 is a novel biomarker for the prediction of short-term relapse in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med 2010; 17:163-71. [PMID: 21152697 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2-like 12 (BCL2L12 ) is a new member of the apoptosis-related BCL2 gene family, members of which are implicated in various malignancies. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly metastatic, malignant epithelial tumor, with a high prevalence in Southeast Asia and North Africa. The purpose of the current study was to quantify and investigate the expression levels of the BCL2L12 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies and to assess its prognostic value. Total RNA was isolated from 89 malignant and hyperplastic nasopharyngeal biopsies from Tunisian patients. After testing the quality of the extracted RNA, cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. A highly sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for BCL2L12 mRNA quantification was developed using SYBR Green chemistry. GAPDH served as a reference gene. Relative quantification analysis was performed using the comparative C(T) (2(-ΔΔCT)) method. Higher BCL2L12 mRNA levels were detected in undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharynx, rather than in nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal tumors (P = 0.045). BCL2L12 expression status was also found to be positively associated with the presence of distant metastases (P = 0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with BCL2L12-positive nasopharyngeal tumors have significantly shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.020). Cox regression analysis showed BCL2L12 expression to be an unfavorable and independent prognostic indicator of short-term relapse in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.042). Our results suggest that mRNA expression of BCL2L12 may constitute a novel biomarker for the prediction of short-term relapse in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fendri
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Production of Recombinant Proteins, Sfax Biotechnology Center, Sfax, Tunisia
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Fendri A, Khabir A, Hadri-Guiga B, Sellami-Boudawara T, Daoud J, Frikha M, Ghorbel A, Gargouri A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Epigenetic alteration of the Wnt inhibitory factor-1 promoter is common and occurs in advanced stage of Tunisian nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:896-903. [PMID: 20874008 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.494324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is common in cancers. The Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) is a secreted antagonist that acts by binding to Wnt ligands. We examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), whether WIF-1 is inactivated in 68 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), and 10 normal mucosa. We showed that the WIF-1 promoter was methylated in 89.7% of tumors, whereas all normal mucosa were unmethylated. The WIF-1 methylation was associated with the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) (p = .003) and the age (p = .014). The Wnt-5a mRNA was higher in tumors and correlated with TNM (p = .012). The methylation of WIF-1 contributes to the activation of the Wnt pathway in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fendri
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Tunisia
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50
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Jia WH, Luo XY, Feng BJ, Ruan HL, Bei JX, Liu WS, Qin HD, Feng QS, Chen LZ, Yao SY, Zeng YX. Traditional Cantonese diet and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in Guangdong, China. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:446. [PMID: 20727127 PMCID: PMC2931495 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most parts of the world but is a common malignancy in southern China, especially in Guangdong. Dietary habit is regarded as an important modifier of NPC risk in several endemic areas and may partially explain the geographic distribution of NPC incidence. In China, rapid economic development during the past few decades has changed the predominant lifestyle and dietary habits of the Chinese considerably, requiring a reassessment of diet and its potential influence on NPC risk in this NPC-endemic area. METHODS To evaluate the association between dietary factors and NPC risk in Guangdong, China, a large-scale, hospital-based case-control study was conducted. 1387 eligible cases and 1459 frequency matched controls were recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, education, dialect, and habitation household type. RESULTS Observations made include the following: 1) consumption of canton-style salted fish, preserved vegetables and preserved/cured meat were significantly associated with increased risk of NPC, with enhanced odds ratios (OR) of 2.45 (95% CI: 2.03-2.94), 3.17(95% CI: 2.68-3.77) and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.22-3.60) respectively in the highest intake frequency stratum during childhood; 2) consumption of fresh fruit was associated with reduced risk with a dose-dependent relationship (p = 0.001); and 3) consumption of Canton-style herbal tea and herbal slow-cooked soup was associated with decreased risk, with ORs of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68-1.03) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47-0.72) respectively in the highest intake frequency stratum. In multivariate analyses, these associations remained significant. CONCLUSIONS It can be inferred that previously established dietary risk factors in the Cantonese population are still stable and have contributed to the incidence of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jian Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Hong-Lian Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-De Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shugart Yin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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