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Iwamoto N, Sato S, Furukawa K, Michitsuji T, Shiraishi K, Watanabe K, Chiba K, Osaki M, Kawakami A. Association of denosumab with serum cytokines, chemokines, and bone-related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel-group study. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:936-946. [PMID: 38226481 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify changes in serum cytokines, chemokines, and bone-related factors during denosumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel-group study. Patients were randomly assigned to continue treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) plus receive treatment with denosumab (csDMARDs plus denosumab group) or to continue treatment with csDMARD therapy alone for 12 months. Serum biomarker levels were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Baseline and 6-month data from the csDMARDs plus denosumab (n = 22) and csDMARD therapy alone (n = 22) groups were analysed. Statistically significant changes from baseline were seen: Dickkopf-related protein 1 decreased at 6 and 12 months (both groups); osteopontin decreased at 6 months in the csDMARDs plus denosumab group; osteopontin and soluble CD40 ligand increased at 6 and 12 months in the csDMARD therapy alone group; osteocalcin decreased at 6 and 12 months, epidermal growth factor decreased at 12 months, and macrophage-derived chemokine decreased at 6 months in the csDMARDs plus denosumab group; and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 increased at 12 months in the csDMARD therapy alone group. CONCLUSIONS Denosumab may inhibit bone destruction by suppressing bone-related factors/chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toru Michitsuji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shiraishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Effects of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2695. [PMID: 38067123 PMCID: PMC10705757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastases are commonly detected in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) antagonizes canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and plays a complex role in bone metastases. We explored the function of cancer cell-specific DKK-1 in PCa growth, metastasis, and cancer-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine PCa cell line, Probasco. Probasco or Probasco + DKK-1 (cells transduced with human DKK-1) were injected into the tibia or left cardiac ventricle of athymic nude mice. Bone metastases were detected by bioluminescent imaging in vivo and evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Cancer cell proliferation, migration, gene/protein expression, and their impact on primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts, were evaluated in vitro. DKK-1 increased cancer growth and stimulated cell migration independent of canonical WNT signaling. Enhanced cancer progression by DKK-1 was associated with increased cell proliferation, up-regulation of NF-kB/p65 signaling, inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. In addition, DKK-1 attenuated the osteoblastic activity of Probasco cells, and bone metastases had decreased cancer-induced intramedullary woven bone formation. Decreased bone formation might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and stimulation of osteoclast activity through a decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone microenvironment. The present study indicated that the cancer-promoting role of DKK-1 in PCa bone metastases was associated with increased growth of bone metastases, reduced bone induction, and altered signaling through the canonical WNT-independent pathway. DKK-1 could be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Nathan K. Hoggard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
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Zhai J, Chen H, Wong CC, Peng Y, Gou H, Zhang J, Pan Y, Chen D, Lin Y, Wang S, Kang W, To KF, Chen Z, Nie Y, He HH, Sung JJY, Yu J. ALKBH5 Drives Immune Suppression Via Targeting AXIN2 to Promote Colorectal Cancer and Is a Target for Boosting Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:445-462. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
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Zhai J, Chen H, Wong CC, Peng Y, Gou H, Zhang J, Pan Y, Chen D, Lin Y, Wang S, Kang W, To KF, Chen Z, Nie Y, He HH, Sung JJY, Yu J. ALKBH5 Drives Immune Suppression Via Targeting AXIN2 to Promote Colorectal Cancer and Is a Target for Boosting Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:445-462. [PMID: 37169182 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immune checkpoint blockade therapy benefits only a small subset of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and identification of CRC-intrinsic events modulating immune checkpoint blockade efficacy is an unmet need. We found that AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), an RNA N6-methyladenosine eraser, drives immunosuppression and is a molecular target to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapy in CRC. METHODS Clinical significance of ALKBH5 was evaluated in human samples (n = 205). Function of ALKBH5 was investigated in allografts, CD34+ humanized mice, and Alkbh5 knockin mice. Immunity change was determined by means of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and functional investigation. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to identify ALKBH5 targets. Vesicle-like nanoparticle-encapsulated ALKBH5-small interfering RNA was constructed for targeting ALKBH5 in vivo. RESULTS High ALKBH5 expression predicts poor prognosis in CRC. ALKBH5 induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation but reduced natural killer cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to induce colorectal tumorigenesis in allografts, CD34+ humanized mice, and intestine-specific Alkbh5 knockin mice. Mechanistically, AXIN2, a Wnt suppressor, was identified as a target of ALKBH5. ALKBH5 binds and demethylates AXIN2 messenger RNA, which caused its dissociation from N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP1 and degradation, resulting in hyperactivated Wnt/β-catenin. Subsequently, Wnt/β-catenin targets, including Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) were induced by ALKBH5. ALKBH5-induced DKK1 recruited myeloid-derived suppressor cells to drive immunosuppression in CRC, and this effect was abolished by anti-DKK1 in vitro and in vivo. Finally, vesicle-like nanoparticle-encapsulated ALKBH5-small interfering RNA, or anti-DKK1 potentiated anti-PD1 treatment in suppressing CRC growth by enhancing antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an ALKBH5-N6-methyladenosine-AXIN2-Wnt-DKK1 axis in CRC, which drives immune suppression to facilitate tumorigenesis. Targeting of ALKBH5 is a promising strategy for sensitizing CRC to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Peng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yasi Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Danyu Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Doucet D, Brubaker C, Turner D, Gregory CA. Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114822. [PMID: 37007131 PMCID: PMC10050559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.MethodsOriginal research articles that described Dkk-1 in terms a tumor suppressor or driver of cancer growth were identified. To determine the association between tumor developmental origin and the role of Dkk-1, a logistic regression was performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for survival statistics based on tumor Dkk-1 expression.ResultsWe report that Dkk-1 is statistically more likely to serve as a suppressor in tumors arising from the ectoderm (p = 0.0198) or endoderm (p = 0.0334) but more likely to serve as a disease driver in tumors of mesodermal origin (p = 0.0155). Survival analyses indicated that in cases where Dkk-1 expression could be stratified, high Dkk-1 expression is usually associated with poor prognosis. This in part may be due to pro-tumorigenic role Dkk-1 plays on tumor cells but also through its influence on immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes in the tumor stroma.ConclusionDkk-1 has a context-specific dual role as a tumor suppressor or driver. Dkk-1 is significantly more likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in tumors arising from ectoderm and endoderm while the converse is true for mesodermal tumors. Patient survival data indicated high Dkk-1 expression is generally a poor prognostic indicator. These findings provide further support for the importance of Dkk-1 as a therapeutic cancer target in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Doucet
- Medical Sciences Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Connor Brubaker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Donald Turner
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Carl A. Gregory,
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Liang T, Wu X, Wang L, Song T, Wu P, Niu Y, Huang H. Correlation of NNMT and DKK1 Protein Expression With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231168073. [PMID: 37114075 PMCID: PMC10126688 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231168073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) play an important role in the development of breast cancer, and the purpose of this study was designed to examine the clinical and prognostic significance of NNMT and DKK1 in breast cancer. Methods The GEPIA2 database was used to evaluate the expression and survival of NNMT mRNA and DKK1 mRNA of breast cancer. Then an immunohistochemical study was carried out on 374 cases of breast tissue to identify the protein expression and significance of NNMT and DKK1. Next, the prognostic significance of DKK1 in breast cancer was explored by COX and Kaplan-Meier models. Results Protein NNMT expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade (P < .05) while protein DKK1 expression was related to tumor size, pT stage, histological grade, and Ki-67 (P < .05). Protein DKK1 was related to disease-specific survival (DSS), and low DKK1 expression indicated a poor prognosis of breast cancer patients (P < .05). Combined expression of protein NNMT and protein DKK1 predicted different prognosis of DSS (P < .05). Conclusions Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and DKK1 were linked to breast cancer malignancy and invasion. Breast cancer patients with low DKK1 expression had a worse prognosis. Oncotypes of NNMT and DKK1 expression predicted patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiuqian Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tiantian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine,
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Peishan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Haihua Huang, Department of Pathology, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou
515000, China.
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Yang Z, Huang X, Zhang J, You K, Xiong Y, Fang J, Getachew A, Cheng Z, Yu X, Wang Y, Wu F, Wang N, Feng S, Lin X, Yang F, Chen Y, Wei H, Li YX. Hepatic DKK1-driven steatosis is CD36 dependent. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201665. [PMID: 36410795 PMCID: PMC9679335 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide; about 25% of NAFLD silently progress into steatohepatitis, in which some of them may develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, few drugs are available for NAFLD, partly because of an incomplete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, using in vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we identified up-regulated DKK1 plays a pivotal role in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and its progression. Mechanistic analysis reveals that DKK1 enhances the capacity of hepatocytes to uptake fatty acids through the ERK-PPARγ-CD36 axis. Moreover, DKK1 increased insulin resistance by activating the JNK signaling, which in turn exacerbates disorders of hepatic lipid metabolism. Our finding suggests that DKK1 may be a potential therapeutic and diagnosis candidate for NAFLD and metabolic disorder progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Cheng
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feima Wu
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhua Lin
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
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Luo M, Chen YJ, Xie Y, Wang QR, Xiang YN, Long NY, Yang WX, Zhao Y, Zhou JJ. Dickkopf-related protein 1/cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 signaling activation by Helicobacter pylori-induced activator protein-1 promotes gastric tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6769-6787. [PMID: 36620343 PMCID: PMC9813938 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates globally, especially in East Asian countries. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a significant and independent risk factor for GC. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Dickkopf-related protein (DKK) 1 is a Wnt signaling antagonist, and cytoskeleton-associated protein (CKAP) 4 is a newly identified DKK1 receptor. Recent studies found that the binding of DKK1 to CAKP4 mediated the procancer signaling of DKK1 inde-pendent of Wnt signaling. We hypothesize that H. pylori-induced activation of DKK1/CKAP4 signaling contributes to the initiation and progression of GC.
AIM To investigate the interaction of H. pylori infection, DKK1 and CAKP4 in GC, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H. pylori-infected and uninfected primary GC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to verify the H. pylori-induced upregulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in GC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to determine the binding of AP-1 to the DKK1 promoter and DKK1 to CKAP4. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of DKK1, CKAP4, and phos-phatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway-related proteins in GC cells and tissues. Functional experiments and tumorigenicity in nude mice detected malignant behavior of GC cells in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS We identified 32 DEGs between primary GC cells with and without H. pylori infection, including JUN, fos-like antigen-1 (FOSL1), and DKK1, and confirmed that the three proteins and CKAP4 were highly expressed in H. pylori-infected GC cells, H. pylori-infected gerbil gastric tissues, and human GC tissues. JUN and FOSL1 form AP-1 to transcriptionally activate DKK1 expression by binding to the DKK1 promoter. Activated DKK1 bound to CKAP4, but not the most common Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, to promote GC cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. All these effects were driven by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Targeting the PI3K signaling pathway by LY294002 inhibited DKK1-mediated CKAP4/PI3K signaling activity and the malignant behavior of GC cells.
CONCLUSION H. pylori induces JUN and FOSL1 expression to form AP-1, which transcriptionally activates DKK1. Binding of DKK1 to KAKP4 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi-Ning Xiang
- Department of Pathology of Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ni-Ya Long
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Yang
- Department of Pathology of Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Fan Z, Yu B, Pan T, Li F, Li J, Hou J, Liu W, Su L, Zhu Z, Yan C, Liu B. DKK1 as a robust predictor for adjuvant platinum chemotherapy benefit in resectable pStage II-III gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101577. [PMID: 36332599 PMCID: PMC9636483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) with 5-FU alone or 5-FU plus platinum after curative surgery improves the prognosis of pStage II-III gastric cancer (GC). However, only a subset of patients benefits from adjuvant platinum. To avoid the side effects of platinum, it is significant to accurately screen the patients who would benefit maximally with this treatment. The present study aimed to assess the value of DKK1 in predicting the benefit of adjuvant platinum chemotherapy in patients with pStage II -III GC. METHODS Platinum sensitivity-related genes were screened by bioinformatics. DKK1 expression in 380 GC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and the correlation with adjuvant platinum-specific benefits were analyzed. RESULTS DKK1 was screened as the most significant platinum sensitivity-related gene. In patients with DKK1high GC, the estimated absolute 5-year overall survival (OS) benefits from adjuvant platinum for pStage II-III, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC were 25.5%, 17.3%, 36.4%, 29.2% and 31.1%, respectively, and the estimated absolute 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) benefits in the corresponding stages were 27.4%, 17.5%, 36.7%, 29.7% and 31.5%, respectively. These benefits were significantly higher than those in the same TNM stage without adjusting for DKK1 status. The performance of DKK1 was independent of the TNM stage and other clinicopathological variables. Similar results were obtained in the TCGA and ACRG cohorts. Furthermore, nomograms were constructed to predict the survival benefits in DKK1 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The stratification strategy based on DKK1 status is more precise than the TNM staging system for the selection of pStage II-III GC patients suitable for platinum-containing ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China,Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China,Corresponding authors.
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10
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Javid H, Hashemian P, Yazdani S, Sharbaf Mashhad A, Karimi-Shahri M. The role of heat shock proteins in metastatic colorectal cancer: A review. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1704-1735. [PMID: 36063530 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large molecular chaperone family classified by their molecular weights, including HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. HSPs are likely to have antiapoptotic properties and participate actively in various processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastases, and death. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the functions of HSPs associated with the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis and resistance to cancer therapy. Taken together, HSPs have numerous clinical applications as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for CRC and its related metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Hashemian
- Jahad Daneshgahi Research Committee, Jahad Daneshgahi Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharbaf Mashhad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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11
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Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) expression is repressed by oncogenic HPVs and regulates the Cisplatin sensitivity of HPV‐positive cancer cells in a JNK‐dependent manner. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2215-2228. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Assessment of Systemic and Maxillary Bone Loss in Cancer Patients with Endo-Periodontal Lesions Using Dkk-1 Biomarker and Dental Radiological Examinations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to correlate systemic bone loss by evaluating human Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1) biomarker compared to horizontal bone loss as well as the presence and size of periapical lesions assessed by dental X-ray (ortopantomography—OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with cancer in the ears, nose and throat (ENT) region vs. healthy controls. The study included 63 subjects divided into a study group of 33 cancer patients with ENT cancer (larynx/oropharynx/sinuses) and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from both groups to assess Dkk-1 level using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The dental radiological examination consisted of a panoramic X-ray and a CBCT in order to appraise the horizontal bone loss, the presence and size of the periapical lesions in 2D vs. 3D images. The panoramic X-ray showed that in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 13.2 mm, with an average of 4.930 ± 3.258 mm, while in the study group, the maximum horizontal bone loss was 11.3 mm, with an average of 5.191 ± 2.109 mm. The CBCT 3D investigation, when compared to the OPT, showed increased values for horizontal bone loss, both in the control group and in the study group; in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 14.10 mm, with an average of 5.736 ± 3.471 mm, and in the study group, the maximum value was 12.40 mm, and the average was again slightly higher (6.152 ± 2.519 mm). The mean value for Dkk-1 in cancer patients was 1.209 ± 0.110 ng/mL, significantly lower than the value observed in healthy patients (1.712 ± 0.100 ng/mL). CBCT revealed higher values for the investigated parameters when compared to panoramic X-rays. Taking into account the preliminary nature of our study, we observed a significant correlation between the level of bone loss recorded by the Dkk-1 biomarker and radiological dental examination in patients with ENT cancer when compared to the control group.
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13
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Asgharzadeh F, Moradi-Marjaneh R, Marjaneh MM. The role of heat shock protein 40 in carcinogenesis and biology of colorectal cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1457-1465. [PMID: 35570564 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220513124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite the enormous amount of effort in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the overall survival rate of patients remains low. The precise molecular and cellular basis underlying CRC has not been completely understood yet. Over time, new genes and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are being identified. Accurate discovery of these genes and signaling pathways are important and urgent missions for the next generation of anticancer therapy research. Chaperone DnaJ, also known as Hsp40 (heat shock protein 40), has been of particular interest in CRC pathogenesis, as it is involved in the fundamental cell activities for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Evidence show that protein family members of DnaJ/Hsp40 play both roles; enhancing and reducing the growth of CRC cells. In the present review, we focus on the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the role of DnaJ/Hsp40 in CRC carcinogenesis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Park MH, Shin JH, Bothwell AL, Chae WJ. Dickkopf proteins in pathological inflammatory diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:893-901. [PMID: 34890067 PMCID: PMC9889104 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0721-385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body encounters various challenges. Tissue repair and regeneration processes are augmented after tissue injury to reinstate tissue homeostasis. The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in tissue repair since it induces target genes required for cell proliferation and differentiation. Since tissue injury causes inflammatory immune responses, it has become increasingly clear that the Wnt ligands can function as immunomodulators while critical for tissue homeostasis. The Wnt pathway and Wnt ligands have been studied extensively in cancer biology and developmental biology. While the Wnt ligands are being studied actively, how the Wnt antagonists and their regulatory mechanisms can modulate immune responses during chronic pathological inflammation remain elusive. This review summarizes DKK family proteins as immunomodulators, aiming to provide an overarching picture for tissue injury and repair. To this end, we first review the Wnt pathway components and DKK family proteins. Next, we will review DKK family proteins (DKK1, 2, and 3) as a new class of immunomodulatory protein in cancer and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Taken together, DKK family proteins and their immunomodulatory functions in chronic inflammatory disorders provide novel insights to understand immune diseases and make them attractive molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alfred L.M. Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298
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15
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Pan S, Cesarek M, Godoy C, Co CM, Schindler C, Padilla K, Haskell A, Barreda H, Story C, Poole R, Dabney A, Gregory CA. Morpholino-driven blockade of Dkk-1 in osteosarcoma inhibits bone damage and tumour expansion by multiple mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:43-55. [PMID: 35277659 PMCID: PMC9276700 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy. Chemotherapy plays an essential role in OS treatment, potentially doubling 5-year event-free survival if tumour necrosis can be stimulated. The canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) enhances OS survival in part through upregulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-1A1 which neutralises reactive oxygen species originating from nutritional stress and chemotherapeutic challenge.
Methods
A vivo morpholino (DkkMo) was employed to block the expression of Dkk-1 in OS cells. Cell mitosis, gene expression and bone destruction were measured in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of doxorubicin (DRB).
Results
DkkMo reduced the expression of Dkk-1 and Aldh1a1, reduced expansion of OS tumours, preserved bone volume and architecture and stimulated tumour necrosis. This was observed in the presence or absence of DRB.
Conclusion
These results indicate that administration of DkkMo with or without chemotherapeutics can substantially improve OS outcome with respect to tumour expansion and osteolytic corruption of bone in experimental OS model.
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16
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Prognostic value of Dickkopf-1 and ß-catenin expression according to the antitumor immunity of CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in biliary tract cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1931. [PMID: 35121803 PMCID: PMC8816896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of β-catenin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is dependent on the specific immunobiology of T cell inflammation in biliary tract cancer (BTC). We aimed to analyze the role of DKK1 or β-catenin as a prognostic factor in BTC, and determine the clinical associations of ß-catenin and DKK1 with CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network and the clinicopathological data of 145 patients with BTC who had undergone primary radical resection between 2006 and 2016. CD8+ TIL expression was a significant predictor of favorable overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (median OS, 34.9 months in high-TIL, 16.7 months in low-TIL, P < 0.0001 respectively; median RFS, 27.1 months in high-TIL, 10.0 months in low-TIL, P < 0.0001 respectively). In the high-CD8+ TIL BTC group, the tumor expression of β-catenin and DKK1 had a significant negative impact on either OS or RFS. In the low-TIL BTC group, there were no differences according to ß-catenin and DKK1 expression. Cox regression multivariate analysis demonstrated that CD8+ TIL and β-catenin retained significant association with OS. Among patients with resected BTC, the β-catenin and DKK1 protein and high CD8+ TIL levels were associated with poor and good clinical outcomes, respectively.
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17
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Ren C, Zhang P, Yao XY, Li HH, Chen R, Zhang CY, Geng DQ. The cognitive impairment and risk factors of the older people living in high fluorosis areas: DKK1 need attention. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2237. [PMID: 34886821 PMCID: PMC8656079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate cognitive impairment and risk factors of elders in high fluoride drinking water areas and investigate whether DKK1 is involved in this disorder. Methods MoCA-B and AD-8 were used to measure the cognitive functions of 272 and 172 subjects over the age of 60 came from the high and normal fluoride drinking water areas respectively, general information and peripheral blood were collected, the level of SOD, GSH and MDA were measured, mRNA level of DKK1, the concentration of blood fluoride and the polymorphism of APOE were tested. Results The blood fluoride concentration, mRNA level of DKK1 and ratio of abnormal cognitive function of subjects in high fluorine drinking water areas were higher than those in normal areas. The level of SOD of subjects in high fluorine drinking water was low compared with those in normal areas. The level of MDA and GSH had no difference between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. There were differences in cigarette smoking, education, dental status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and APOE results between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. The mRNA level of DKK1 and the level of cognitive function showed a positive correlation and DKK1 was one of five risk factors involved in cognitive impairment of older people living in high fluorosis areas. Conclusions The cognitive functions could be impaired in the older people living in high fluoride drinking water areas, and DKK1 may as a potential intervention point of this brain damage process need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.,Department of Neurology , Department of Neurology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospitalof Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology , Department of Neurology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospitalof Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
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18
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Seo SH, Cho KJ, Park HJ, Kim H, Lee HW, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Kim SU. Dickkopf-1 promotes angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF receptor 2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4788-4806. [PMID: 34765293 PMCID: PMC8569356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the tumorigenic and angiogenic potential of DKK1 in HCC. Stable cell lines were established using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based DKK1 knock-out system in Hep3B cells and the tetracycline-based DKK1 inducible system in Huh7 cells. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) were cultured using Hep3B stable cells. We also employed xenografts generated using Hep3B stable cells and transgenic mouse models established using hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The angiogenic potential increased in HUVECs treated with CM from Huh7 stable cells with high DKK1 expression and Hep3B wild-type cells. DKK1 accelerated the downstream molecules of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated mTOR/p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling. MCTSs generated using Hep3B wild-type cells promoted compact spheroid formation and increased the expression of CD31 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and increased the VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling, compared to the controls (all P<0.01). Xenograft tumors generated using Hep3B cells with DKK1 knock-out (n=10) exhibited slower growth than, the controls (n=10) and the expression of Ki-67, VEGFR2, CD31 and EMT markers decreased (all P<0.05). In addition, forced DKK1 expression with HRAS in transgenic mouse livers (n=5) resulted in the formation of more tumors and increased expression of downstream molecules of VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway as well as Ki67, CD31 and EMT markers (P<0.05), compared to that of the controls (n=5). Our findings indicate that DKK1 facilitates angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by upregulating VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | | | - Hyemi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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Chu HY, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhang ZK, Tan X, Liu S, Zhang BT, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G. Dickkopf-1: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658097. [PMID: 34093545 PMCID: PMC8174842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in a range of cancers have detected elevated levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in the serum or tumors of patients, and this was frequently associated with a poor prognosis. Our analysis of DKK1 gene profile using data from TCGA also proves the high expression of DKK1 in 14 types of cancers. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the cancer-promoting effects of DKK1 in both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models. Furthermore, DKK1 showed the ability to modulate immune cell activities as well as the immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Expression level of DKK1 is positively correlated with infiltrating levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in 20 types of cancers, while negatively associated with CD8+ T cells in 4 of these 20 cancer types. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that DKK1 has been involved in T cell differentiation and induction of cancer evasion of immune surveillance by accumulating MDSCs. Consequently, DKK1 has become a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, and the mechanisms of DKK1 affecting cancers and immune cells have received great attention. This review introduces the rapidly growing body of literature revealing the cancer-promoting and immune regulatory activities of DKK1. In addition, this review also predicts that by understanding the interaction between different domains of DKK1 through computational modeling and functional studies, the underlying functional mechanism of DKK1 could be further elucidated, thus facilitating the development of anti-DKK1 drugs with more promising efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhuan Tan
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Hahn JM, McFarland KL, Combs KA, Anness MC, Supp DM. Analysis of HOX gene expression and the effects of HOXA9 overexpression in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:777-791. [PMID: 33811779 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are fibroproliferative lesions resulting from an abnormal wound healing process due to pathological mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Keloids tend to occur more frequently in anterior versus posterior body regions (e.g., ears, face, upper torso); this has been attributed to higher skin tension in those areas, although this has not yet been conclusively proven. Previous studies reported reduced expression of multiple homeobox (HOX) genes in keloid versus normal fibroblasts, suggesting a role for HOX genes in keloid pathology. However, HOX genes are differentially expressed along the anterior-posterior axis. Hypothetically, differential HOX expression may be due to differences in body sites, as matched donor sites are often unavailable for keloids and normal skin. To better understand the basis for differential HOX gene expression in cells from keloids compared with normal skin, we compared HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXC8 and HOXC11 expression in keloid and normal skin-derived fibroblasts from various body sites. When keloid (N = 20) and normal (N = 12) fibroblast cell strains were evaluated, expression of HOXA7, HOXA9 and HOXC8 was significantly lower in keloid versus normal fibroblasts. However, HOX gene expression was lower in fibroblasts from more anterior versus posterior body sites. When keloid and normal cells from similar body sites were compared, differential HOX expression was not observed. To investigate the phenotypic relevance of HOX expression, HOXA9 was overexpressed in keloid and normal fibroblasts. HOXA9 overexpression did not affect proliferation but significantly reduced fibroblast migration and altered gene expression. The results suggest that differential HOX expression may be due to differences in positional identity between keloid and normal fibroblasts. However, HOX genes can potentially regulate fibroblast phenotype, suggesting that differential HOX gene expression may play a role in keloid development in anterior body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin L McFarland
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly A Combs
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meridith C Anness
- Women in Science and Engineering Program and Undergraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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21
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Sui Q, Liu D, Jiang W, Tang J, Kong L, Han K, Liao L, Li Y, Ou Q, Xiao B, Liu G, Ling Y, Chen J, Liu Z, Zuo Z, Pan Z, Zhou P, Zheng J, Ding PR. Dickkopf 1 impairs the tumor response to PD-1 blockade by inactivating CD8+ T cells in deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001498. [PMID: 33782107 PMCID: PMC8009229 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is associated with tumor progression. However, whether DKK1 influences the tumor response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) has never been clarified. METHODS Tumor tissues from 80 patients with dMMR CRC were evaluated for DKK1 expression and immune status via immunohistochemistry. Serum DKK1 was measured in another set of 43 patients who received PD-1 blockade therapy. CT26 cells and dMMR CRC organoids were cocultured with T cells, and CT26-grafted BALB/c mice were also constructed. T-cell cytotoxicity was assessed by apoptosis assays and flow cytometry. The pathway through which DKK1 regulates CD8+ T cells was investigated using RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to determine the downstream transcription factors of DKK1. RESULTS Elevated DKK1 expression was associated with recurrence and decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration in dMMR CRCs, and patients with high-serum DKK1 had a poor response to PD-1 blockade. RNA interference or neutralization of DKK1 in CRC cells enhanced CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, while DKK1 decreased T-bet expression and activated GSK3β in CD8+ T cells. In addition, E2F1, a downstream transcription factor of GSK3β, directly upregulated T-bet expression. In organoid models, the proportion of apoptotic cells was elevated after individual neutralization of PD-1 or DKK1 and was further increased on combined neutralization of PD-1 and DKK1. CONCLUSIONS DKK1 suppressed the antitumor immune reaction through the GSK3β/E2F1/T-bet axis in CD8+ T cells. Elevated serum DKK1 predicted poor tumor response to PD-1 blockade in dMMR/MSI CRCs, and DKK1 neutralization may restore sensitivity to PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leen Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Niu J, Li W, Liang C, Wang X, Yao X, Yang RH, Zhang ZS, Liu HF, Liu FY, Pei SH, Li WQ, Sun H, Fang D, Xie SQ. EGF promotes
DKK1
transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma by enhancing the phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/657/eabb5727. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ruo-Han Yang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shu-Hua Pei
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
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23
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Wall JA, Klempner SJ, Arend RC. The anti-DKK1 antibody DKN-01 as an immunomodulatory combination partner for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:639-644. [PMID: 32408777 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1769065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is a complex signaling pathway known to be dysregulated in several cancers; Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling via negative feedback. Elevated Dkk1 is associated with a poor prognosis in several cancers, including gynecologic and gastroesophageal malignancies. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting Dkk1 with the IgG4 monoclonal antibody, DKN-01. AREAS COVERED We highlight current treatment approaches for advanced gynecologic and esophageal malignancies highlighting the need for more effective therapies, specifically improved immune-modulating agents and combinations. Our discussion of DKN-01 addresses the rationale for targeting Dkk1, available safety, pharmacokinetic and efficacy data. EXPERT OPINION DKN-01 presents an interesting therapeutic consideration in advanced gynecologic and gastroesophageal malignancies. It has been especially promising in patients with high-Dkk1-expressing tumors or known Wnt mutations. We postulate that the complementary mechanisms, limited adverse effects and emerging biomarker data position DKN-01 as a promising agent for combination therapy in patients with advanced malignancies. Specifically, we believe this occurs through an immuno-modulatory effect, primarily acting through the innate arm of the immune system. This highlights the possibility for addressing innate immune resistance and expanding the portion of patients who may benefit, possibly in a biomarker-selected manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Wall
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center , Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Galliera E, Massaccesi L, de Benedettis E, Longhi E, de Toma D, Corsi Romanelli MM, Banfi G. Longitudinal evaluation of Wnt inhibitors and comparison with others serum osteoimmunological biomarkers in osteolytic bone metastasis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:697-704. [PMID: 32034807 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab0120-212rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and the immune system are closely linked: bone regulates the hematopoietic stem cells, which are precursors of immune cells, and several immunoregulatory cytokines influence the differentiation of bone cells, thus defining the osteoimmunological system. Cytokines and growth factors produced by immune and bone cells promote tumors in bone, supporting the vicious cycle of bone metastasis. Therefore osteoimmunological molecules linking the immune and bone systems could have diagnostic and prognostic potential for bone metastases. The osteoimmunologic Wnt pathway has been recently described as an important pathway with a vital role in bone carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. We examined the Wnt inhibitor DKK-1, sclerostin and several other osteoimmunological biomarkers involved in bone metastatic progression: RANKL, OPG, OPN, matrix metalloproteinase MMP-3 and the Receptor of Advanced Glycosylated End-products sRAGE. OPN and sclerostin proved good biomarkers of metastatic bone progression; the RANKL/OPG ratio was a good indicator of bone erosion in the metastatic process, while sRAGE had a protective role against metastatic progression in bone. These results serve to define a panel of new osteoimmunological biomarkers that could be useful in assessing the progress of osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Galliera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massaccesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Longhi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico de Toma
- Oncologia 1 IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,U.O.C SMEL-1 Patologia Clinica IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan, Italy
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25
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Sui Q, Zheng J, Liu D, Peng J, Ou Q, Tang J, Li Y, Kong L, Jiang W, Xiao B, Chao X, Pan Z, Zhang H, Ding PR. Dickkopf-related protein 1, a new biomarker for local immune status and poor prognosis among patients with colorectal liver Oligometastases: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1210. [PMID: 31830954 PMCID: PMC6909492 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It was reported that tumor-expressed dickkopf-related (DKK) proteins affect micro-environment. However, the influence of DKK1 on colorectal cancer (CRC) liver oligometastases (CRCLOM) remains unclear. Methods CRC cases after resection of liver oligometastases were enrolled in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center with intact clinical data. Serum DKK1 was detected by ELISA assay. Immunofluorescent staining examination for CD3 and CD8 in slices were also conducted. Results Among 65 patients included, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in the low serum DKK1 group (RFS: P = 0.021; OS: P = 0.043). DKK1 was overexpressed in stage IV CRC patients in TCGA data. The number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive margin of CRC liver oligometastases was significantly higher in low serum DKK1 group (P = 0.042). Conclusion Elevated serum DKK1 level was associated with poorer RFS and OS, and less CD8+ TILs in invasive margin in CRC liver oligometastases. DKK1 might serve as a supplementalprognostic factor for clinical risk score and a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xue Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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26
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Zhang R, Lin HM, Broering R, Shi XD, Yu XH, Xu LB, Wu WR, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:54. [PMID: 31839998 PMCID: PMC6895114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. We previously reported that DKK1 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of DKK1 in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of DKK1 in HCC. The expression of DKK1 was examined in cirrhotic and HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DKK1 was silenced or overexpressed in HCC cell lines, and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was weakly expressed in cirrhotic tissues (8/22, 36.4%) but upregulated in HCC tissues (48/53, 90.6%, cohort 1). Significant upregulation of DKK1 was observed in 57.6% (19/33, cohort 2) of HCC tissues by qRT-PCR, and the expression of DKK1 was associated with tumor size (P = 0.024) and tumor number (P = 0.019). Genetic depletion of DKK1 impaired the proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion, and tumor formation of HCC cells (HepG2 and HUH-7). Conversely, forced expression of DKK1 increased the proliferation, colony-forming ability, and invasion of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells in vitro and enhanced tumor formation in vivo. Subsequent investigation revealed that the DKK1-mediated proliferation and tumorigenicity of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells is dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings indicate that DKK1 plays an oncogenic role in HCC by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hao-Ming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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27
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Fezza M, Moussa M, Aoun R, Haber R, Hilal G. DKK1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma inflammation, migration and invasion: Implication of TGF-β1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223252. [PMID: 31568519 PMCID: PMC6768474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), an inhibitor of the most frequently impaired signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, seems to fulfill contradictory functions in the process of tumorigenesis, acting either as an oncogenic promoter of metastasis or as a tumor suppressor. Elevated serum levels of DKK1 have been reported in HCC; however, little is known about its functional significance. In the current study, we treated HepG2/C3A and PLC/PRF/5 with the recombinant protein DKK1. Cytotoxicity was first determined by the WST-8 assay. AFP expression was measured at both the mRNA and protein levels. Expression of the oncogenes MYC, CCND1, hTERT, and MDM2 and the tumor suppressor genes TP53, P21 and RB was assessed. Western blot analysis of non-phosphorylated ẞ-catenin and Sanger sequencing were performed to explain the functional differences between the two cell lines. Subsequently, inflammation, migration and invasion were evaluated by qPCR, ELISA, the Boyden chamber assay, zymography, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 western blot analysis. Knockdown of DKK1 and TGF-β1 were also performed. Our results suggest that DKK1 exerts an oncogenic effect on HepG2/C3A cell line by upregulating the expression of oncogenes and downregulating that of tumor suppressor genes, whereas the opposite effect was demonstrated in PLC/PRF/5 cells. This differential impact of DKK1 can be explained by the mutations that affect the canonical Wnt pathway that were detected in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene in the HepG2 cell line. We further confirmed that DKK1 promotes inflammation, tumor invasion and migration in both cell types. The canonical pathway was not responsible for the DKK1 proinvasive effect, as indicated by the active ẞ-catenin levels in the two cell lines upon DKK1 treatment. Interestingly, knockdown of TGF-β1 negatively affected the DKK1 proinvasive effect. Taken together, DKK1 appears to facilitate tumor invasion and migration through TGF- β1 by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and inducing inflammation. This finding endorses the relevance of TGF-β1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Fezza
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayssam Moussa
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Aoun
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Haber
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Niu J, Li XM, Wang X, Liang C, Zhang YD, Li HY, Liu FY, Sun H, Xie SQ, Fang D. DKK1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion through suppression of β-catenin/MMP7 signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31285694 PMCID: PMC6591985 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DKK1 has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of DKK1 inhibits breast cancer migration and invasion was still unclear. Methods Western blot and real time PCR was used to detect the expression of DKK1, β-catenin and MMP7 in breast cancer cells. Wound scratch assay and transwell assay was employed to examine migration and invasion of breast cancer cell. Results DKK1 overexpression dramatically inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of DKK1 promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. DKK1 suppressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion through suppression of β-catenin and MMP7 expression. XAV-939, an inhibitor of β-catenin accumulation could reverse DKK1 silencing-induced MMP7 expression in breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, XAV-939 also could reverse the increase in the cell number invaded through Matrigel when DKK1 was knockdown. Furthermore, depletion of MMP7 also could reverse DKK1 knockdown-induced increase in the cell number invaded through Matrigel. Conclusions DKK1 inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cell through suppression of β-catenin/MMP7 pathway, our findings offered a potential alternative for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xiao-Meng Li
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Chao Liang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Hua Sun
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China.,2Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Dong Fang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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Phylogenetic, molecular evolution and structural analyses of the WFDC1/prostate stromal protein 20 (ps20). Gene 2019; 686:125-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Min K, Lee SK. EBV miR-BART10-3p Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting DKK1. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:657-667. [PMID: 30745852 PMCID: PMC6367590 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected epithelial cancers, BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) miRNAs are highly expressed. However, only a few target genes of BART miRNAs have been investigated. Our mRNA microarray data showed that DKK1 was markedly down-regulated in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) cells. Using luciferase reporter assay we tested whether miR-BART10-3p regulates DKK1 by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of DKK1 mRNA. We observed that miR-BART10-3p transfection decreased DKK1 expression, while an LNA inhibitor of miR-BART10-3p (LNA-miR-BART10-3p(i)) increased DKK1 expression. Furthermore, miR-BART10-3p and siDKK1 promoted cell proliferation and migration. In contrast, transfecting GC cells with LNA-miR-BART10-3p(i) or DKK1 over expression vector suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that miR-BART10-3p may be involved in the tumor progression of EBVaGC by targeting DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Jones KM, Karanam B, Jones-Triche J, Sandey M, Henderson HJ, Samant RS, Temesgen S, Yates C, Bedi D. Phage Ligands for Identification of Mesenchymal-Like Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Front Oncol 2019; 8:625. [PMID: 30619759 PMCID: PMC6304394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be crucial for primary tumors to escape their original residence and invade and metastasize. To properly define EMT, there is a need for ligands that can identify this phenomenon in tumor tissue and invivo. A phage-display selection screening was performed to select novel binding phage peptides for identification of EMT in breast cancer. Epithelial breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 was transformed to mesenchymal phenotype by TGF-β treatment and was used for selection. Breast fibroblasts were used for subtractive depletion and breast cancer metastatic cell lines MDA-MB-231, T47D-shNMI were used for specificity assay. The binding peptides were identified, and their binding capacities were confirmed by phage capture assay, phage-based ELISA, immunofluorescence microscopy. The phage peptide bearing the 7-amino acid sequence, LGLRGSL, demonstrated selective binding to EMT phenotypic cells (MCF-7/TGF-β and MDA-MB-231) as compared to epithelial subtype, MCF-7, T47D and breast fibroblasts (Hs578T). The selected phage was also able to identify metastatic breast cancer tumor in breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA). These studies suggest that the selected phage peptide LGLRGSL identified by phage-display library, showed significant ability to bind to mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells/ tissues and can serve as a novel probe/ligand for metastatic breast cancer diagnostic and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin M Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | | | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Henry J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel Temesgen
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Deepa Bedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
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Woo D, Yu M. Circulating tumor cells as "liquid biopsies" to understand cancer metastasis. Transl Res 2018; 201:128-135. [PMID: 30075099 PMCID: PMC6177282 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a subset of cancer cells that are shed from the primary or metastatic tumors into the bloodstream. CTCs are responsible for the establishment of blood-borne distant metastases but their rarity, estimated at one CTC per billion blood cells, presents the biggest technical barrier to their functional studies. Recent advances in CTC isolation technology have allowed for the reliable capture of CTCs from the whole blood of cancer patients. The ability to derive clinically relevant information from CTCs isolated through a blood draw allows for the monitoring of active disease, avoiding the invasiveness inherent to traditional biopsy techniques. This review will summarize recent developments in CTC isolation technology; the development of CTC-derived models; the unique molecular characteristics of CTCs at the transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic levels; and how these characteristics have been correlated to prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we will summarize the recent findings on several signaling pathways in CTCs and metastasis. The study of CTCs is central to understanding cancer biology and promises a "liquid biopsy" that can monitor disease status and guide therapeutic management in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Woo
- MD Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Jafarzadeh N, Safari Z, Pornour M, Amirizadeh N, Forouzandeh Moghadam M, Sadeghizadeh M. Alteration of cellular and immune-related properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages by K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cell derived exosomes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3697-3710. [PMID: 30317554 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic cells can impact the bone marrow niche to create a tumor-favorable microenvironment using their secreted factors. Little knowledge is available about immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting properties of chronic myeloid leukemia derived exosomes in bone marrow stromal components. We report here that K562-derived exosomes can affect the gene expression, cytokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, and redox potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and macrophages. Human BM-MSCs and mouse macrophages were treated with K562-derived exosomes. Our results demonstrated that the expression of the genes involved in hematopoietic developmental pathways and immune responses, including C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (Cxcl12), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), wnt5a, interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), changed with respect to time and exosome concentration in BM-MSCs. The TNF-alpha level was higher in exosome-treated BM-MSCs compared with the control. Exosome treatment of BM-MSCs led to an increased production of NO and a decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We have shown that K562-derived exosomes induce overexpression of IL-10 and TNF-alpha and downregulation of iNOS transcript levels in macrophages. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that TNF-alpha and IL-10 secretions increased in macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with purified exosomes led to reduced NO and ROS levels. These results suggest that K562-derived exosomes may alter the local bone marrow niche toward a leukemia-reinforcing microenvironment. They can modulate the inflammatory molecules (TNF-alpha and NO) and the redox potential of BM-MSCs and macrophages and direct the polarization of macrophages toward tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Jafarzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Safari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mazon M, Larouche V, St-Louis M, Schindler D, Carreau M. Elevated blood levels of Dickkopf-1 are associated with acute infections. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:428-434. [PMID: 30028084 PMCID: PMC6247238 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a soluble protein and antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. DKK1 is found elevated in serum from patients affected with various types of cancers and in some instances, it is considered a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Elevated serum levels of DKK1 have also been detected in animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated upregulation of DKK1 in cells and mouse models of the bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer-prone disease Fanconi anemia (FA). The present study aimed to investigate whether DKK1 blood levels in patients are associated with FA or inflammatory responses to acute infections. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 58 children admitted to the Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil du Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval with signs of acute infections. Blood plasma specimens were also collected from healthy blood donors at the Héma-Québec blood donor clinic. Plasmas from patients diagnosed with FA were also included in the study. DKK1 levels in blood plasmas were assessed by standard ELISA. RESULTS Patients with acute infections showed dramatically high levels of DKK1 (6072 ± 518 pg/ml) in their blood compared to healthy blood donors (1726 ± 95 pg/ml). No correlations were found between DKK1 levels and C reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet numbers, or white blood cell counts. Patients with FA showed higher DKK1 plasma levels (3419 ± 147.5 pg/ml) than healthy blood donors (1726 ± 95 pg/ml) but significantly lower than patients with acute infections. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that blood DKK1 is elevated in response to infections and perhaps to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Mazon
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Valérie Larouche
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Madeleine Carreau
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Sato A, Ueno H, Fusegi M, Kaneko S, Kohno K, Virgona N, Ando A, Sekine Y, Yano T. A Succinate Ether Derivative of Tocotrienol Enhances Dickkopf-1 Gene Expression through Epigenetic Alterations in Malignant Mesothelioma Cells. Pharmacology 2018; 102:26-36. [PMID: 29763912 DOI: 10.1159/000489128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling plays an essential role in tumor cell growth, including the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Epigenetic silencing of negative Wnt regulators leading to constitutive Wnt signaling has been observed in various cancers and warrants further attention. We have reported that a succinate ether derivative of α-tocotrienol (T3E) has potent cytotoxic effects in MM cells. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether the anti-MM effect of T3E could be mediated via the epigenetic alteration of the Wnt antagonist gene, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). METHODS WST-1 and cell analyzers were employed to analyze the effects of T3E on cell viability and apoptosis of human MM cell lines (H2452, H28). Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at mRNA and protein levels. Methylation status and epigenetic modifications of DKK1's promoter regions after T3E treatment in MM cells were studied using methylation-specific PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown -(siRNA), and specific inhibitors, were used to validate DKK1 as a target of T3E. RESULTS T3E markedly impaired MM cell viability, increased the expression of phosphorylated-JNK and DKK1 and suppressed cyclin D, a downstream target gene of Wnt signaling. Knockdown of DKK1 expression by siRNA or a specific JNK inhibitor confirmed the contribution of DKK1 and JNK to T3E-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. On the other hand, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) expression, which promotes cell proliferation as a Wnt-independent DKK1 receptor was inhibited by T3E. Silencing CKAP4 by -siRNA did not appear to directly affect MM cell viability, thereby indicating that expression of both DKK1 and CKAP4 is required. Furthermore, T3E-mediated inhibition of both DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A, and 3B) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, 3, and 8) in MM cells leads to increased DKK1 expression, thereby promoting tumor growth inhibition. MM cells treated with Zebularine (a DNMT inhibitor) and sodium butyrate (an HDAC inhibitor) exhibited cytotoxic effects, which may explain the inhibitory action of T3E on MM cells. In addition, an enhanced expression of DKK1 in MM cells following T3E treatment is positively correlated with the methylation status of its promoter; T3E decreased DNA methylation and increased histone acetylation. Moreover, T3E specifically increased histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation activity, whereas no effects were observed on histone H3K9 and H3K27. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the epigenetic induction of DKK1 may lead to effective treatment of MM, and T3E has great potential to induce anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Momoka Fusegi
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Saki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nantiga Virgona
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekine
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
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Hong SA, Yoo SH, Lee HH, Sun DS, Won HS, Kim O, Ko YH. Prognostic value of Dickkopf-1 and ß-catenin expression in advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:506. [PMID: 29720122 PMCID: PMC5930854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/ß-catenin pathway antagonist related to gastric cancer (GC) carcinogenesis. However, the prognostic role of combined DKK1 and ß-catenin expression in advanced GC (AGC) is not clear. Methods In total, 158 patients with AGC who underwent gastric resection were enrolled in this study. DKK1 and ß-catenin expression was evaluated in whole tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. Results DKK1 expression was high in 73 (46.2%) patients, while ß-catenin expression was positive in 51 (32.3%) patients. The expression of DKK1 was positively correlated with that of ß-catenin (P < 0.001). The combined expression of DKK1 and ß-catenin was significantly associated with high N stage (N2 and N3) (P = 0.042). In addition, patients with high DKK expression demonstrated poorer overall (OS) (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001). However, there were no differences between high DKK1 expression with ß-catenin positivity and high DKK1 expression with ß-catenin negativity (OS, P = 0.379: DFS, P = 0.255). Multivariate analysis revealed that high DKK1 alone or high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity were independent prognostic factors for both OS (high DKK1: hazard ratio [HR], 2.130; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.370–3.312, P = 0.001; high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity: HR, 2.140; 95% CI, 1.343–3.409: P = 0.001) and DFS (high DKK1: HR, 2.092; 95% CI, 1.180–3.708; P = 0.012; high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity: HR, 2.357; 95% CI, 1.291–4.306; P = 0.005). Conclusion Our results indicate that high DKK1 expression regardless of ß-catenin positivity is a crucial prognostic factor for predicting tumor recurrence and survival in patients with resected AGC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4420-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hosptial, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yoo
- Medical Clinic Laboratory Department of U2Bio Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Der Sheng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Okran Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pang H, Ma N, Shen W, Zhao Q, Wang J, Duan L, Chen W, Zhang N, Zhao Z, Liu L, Zhang H. Effects of DKK1 overexpression on bone metastasis of SBC-3 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6739-6744. [PMID: 29731859 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all malignancies, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Bone metastasis is one of the most common complications and one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of lung cancer patients, which resulting in very poor therapeutic effects. Previously, we have demonstrated that the expression levels of Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a protein involved in cell regulation and proliferation, was dramatically higher in cells that have a tendency to metastasize and invade the bone tissue (SBC-5 cells) compared with cells that do not (SBC-3 cells). Downregulation of DKK1 in SBC-5 cells inhibited cell malignancy in vitro, and the formation of bone metastasis in vivo. However, whether upregulating DKK1 would be sufficient to induce aggressive tumor behavior (proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis) in SBC-3 cells remained to be investigated. The present study aimed to examine the role of DKK1 in SBC-3 cells, as well as to investigate the SBC-3 ability to metastasize and invade the bone tissue. The results demonstrated that upregulation of DKK1 in SBC-3 cells enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as bone metastasis in vivo. These results indicate that DKK1 may be an important regulator in the development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and targeting DKK1 may be an effective method for preventing and/or treating skeletal metastases in SCLC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Pang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Ningqiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of PLA, Baoji, Shaanxi 721004, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Helong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Shi XD, Yu XH, Wu WR, Xu XL, Wang JY, Xu LB, Zhang R, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with tumorigenity and lymphatic metastasis in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70378-70387. [PMID: 27608843 PMCID: PMC5342559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is involved in tumorigenesis and the invasion of several tumors. However, its biological function in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) has not yet been documented. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of DKK1 in HCCA. The expression of DKK1 was investigated in thirty-seven human HCCA biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. To further explore the biological effects of DKK1 in HCCA, transient and stable knockdown of DKK1 in two human HCCA cells (QBC939 and FRH0201) were established using small interfering or short hairpin RNA expression vector. In the present study, immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was up-regulated in human HCCA tissues (24/37, 64.9%). High levels of DKK1 in human HCCA correlated with metastasis to the hilar lymph nodes (P=0.038). Genetic depletion of DKK1 in HCCA cells resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation and migration compared with controls. Most importantly, DKK1 down-regulation impaired tumor formation capacity of HCCA cells in vivo. Subsequent investigations revealed that β-catenin is an important target of DKK1 and DKK1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the β-catenin/ matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) signaling pathway. Consistently, in human HCCA tissues, DKK1 level was positively correlated with β-catenin and MMP-7 expression, as well as tumor hilar lymphatic metastasis. Taken together, our findings indicate that DKK1 may be a crucial regulator in the tumorigenicity and invasion of human HCCA, DKK1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the β-catenin/ MMP-7 signaling pathway, suggesting DKK1 as a potential therapeutic target for HCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xian-Huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Meng E, Shevde LA, Samant RS. Emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of DNAJB6 in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53984-53996. [PMID: 27276715 PMCID: PMC5288237 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAJB6 also known as mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ) encodes a highly conserved member of the DnaJ/Hsp40 family of co-chaperone proteins that function with Hsp70 chaperones. DNAJB6 is widely expressed in all tissues, with higher expression levels detected in the brain. DNAJB6 is involved in diverse cellular functions ranging from murine placental development, reducing the formation and toxicity of mis-folded protein aggregates, to self-renewal of neural stem cells. Involvement of DNAJB6 is implicated in multiple pathologies such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's diseases, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cancer. This review summarizes the important involvement of the spliced isoforms of DNAJB6 in various pathologies with a specific focus on the emerging roles of human DNAJB6 in cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhong Meng
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Beijing DOING Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing,China
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Niiro E, Morioka S, Iwai K, Yamada Y, Ogawa K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi H. Potential signaling pathways as therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance in mucinous ovarian cancer. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:215-223. [PMID: 29564122 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of mucinous ovarian cancer are predominantly resistant to chemotherapies. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of targeting the Wingless (WNT) pathway, with particular emphasis on preclinical and clinical studies, for improving the chemoresistance and treatment of mucinous ovarian cancer. A review was conducted of English language literature published between January 2000 and October 2017 that concerned potential signaling pathways associated with the chemoresistance of mucinous ovarian cancer. The literature indicated that aberrant activation of growth factor and WNT signaling pathways is specifically observed in mucinous ovarian cancer. An evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade system including epidermal growth factor/RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and WNT signaling regulates a variety of cellular functions; their crosstalk mutually enhances signaling activity and induces chemoresistance. Novel antagonists, modulators and inhibitors have been developed for targeting the components of the WNT signaling pathway, namely Frizzled, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, Dishevelled, casein kinase 1, AXIN, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β-catenin. Targeted inhibition of WNT signaling represents a rational and promising novel approach to overcome chemoresistance, and several WNT inhibitors are being evaluated in preclinical studies. In conclusion, the WNT receptors and their downstream components may serve as novel therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance in mucinous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiko Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kana Iwai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Liu TT, Wu Y, Niu T. Human DKK1 and human HSP70 fusion DNA vaccine induces an effective anti-tumor efficacy in murine multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:178-191. [PMID: 29416605 PMCID: PMC5787455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an ideal target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. Heat Shock protein70 (HSP70) is a class of important molecular chaperone to promote antigen presentation. Homologous xenogeneic antigens can enhance immunogenicity and induce stronger anti-tumor immune response than that of allogeneic ones. Therefore, we constructed human DKK1 and human HSP70 DNA fusion vaccine (hDKK1-hHSP70), and then determined its anti-tumor immuno- genicity and anti-tumor effects on immunizing BALB/c mice already inoculated with NS-1 murine multiple myeloma cells in prophylactic and therapeutic models using cytotoxic T lymphocytes, enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Hochest staining. The side effects of vaccines were also monitored. We found that hDKK1-hHSP70 fusion vaccine could significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the mice, whether prophylactic or therapeutic immunotherapy in vivo, by eliciting both humoral and cellular tumor-specific immune responses. A significant decrease of proliferation and increase of apoptosis were also observed in the tumor tissues injected with hDKK1-hHSP70 vaccine. These findings showed the xenogeneic homologous vaccination had stronger immunogenicity and minimal toxicity. Our study may provide an effective and safety immonutheraphy strategy for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology & Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Internal Medicine, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology & Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Kagey MH, He X. Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf-1 for oncology. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4637-4650. [PMID: 28574171 PMCID: PMC5727329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer-promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi He
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091978. [PMID: 28914774 PMCID: PMC5618627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of chaperones that are involved in protein folding and maturation of a variety of "client" proteins protecting them from degradation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and thermal stress. Hence, they are significant regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation and strongly implicated in the molecular orchestration of cancer development and progression as many of their clients are well established oncoproteins in multiple tumor types. Interestingly, tumor cells are more HSP chaperonage-dependent than normal cells for proliferation and survival because the oncoproteins in cancer cells are often misfolded and require augmented chaperonage activity for correction. This led to the development of several inhibitors of HSP90 and other HSPs that have shown promise both preclinically and clinically in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we comprehensively review the roles of some of the important HSPs in cancer, and how targeting them could be efficacious, especially when traditional cancer therapies fail.
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Zhang R, Real CI, Liu C, Baba HA, Gerken G, Lu M, Broering R. Hepatic expression of oncogenes Bmi1 and Dkk1 is up-regulated in hepatitis B virus surface antigen-transgenic mice and can be induced by treatment with HBV particles or lipopolysaccharides in vitro. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:354-363. [PMID: 28419472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops more frequently in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-transgenic mice (Alb/HBs) than in wild-type (WT) mice. However, the mechanism of this HCC model has not been well documented. Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling probably links innate immunity and HCC progression. This study was designed to investigate the role of innate immunity in hepatocarcinogenesis in Alb/HBs mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver specimens from Alb/HBs mice (16 per group) showed that the oncogenes Bmi1 (16/16, 100%) and Dkk1 (13/16, 81.25%) were highly expressed in Alb/HBs mice, whereas the other oncogenes evaluated were expressed in smaller percentages of mice (Afp, 9/16, 56.2%; Ctnnb1, 5/16, 31.3%; Epcam, 0/16; 0%). Comparable results were obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Hepatic gene expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, Il6 and Tnf was additionally elevated in Alb/HBs mice. Stimulation of primary murine hepatocytes with cell culture-derived HBV particles or LPS increased the expression of oncogenes (Bmi1, Dkk1) and inflammatory factors (Tnf, Il6, Tlr4). Proliferation and colony formation of hepatoma cells were enhanced by treatment with HBV and LPS and were impaired by the suppression of Bmi1 and Dkk1 by small interfering RNAs. Substantial induction of BMI1 and DKK1 was found in liver biopsy samples from patients with HBV-related HCC but not in HCC samples without HBV infection background. These findings suggest that innate immunity may link inflammation and tumor progression during chronic HBV infection, involving the oncogenes BMI1 and DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Catherine I Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Liu J, Ren X, Zhang M, Lei Y, Chen Y, He H. Roles of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in experimental periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:220-225. [PMID: 30895054 PMCID: PMC6400003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontitis is an inflammatory, destructive disease caused by periodontal bacteria, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aims of this study are to evaluate the expressions of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in experimental periodontitis (EP) and preliminarily explore their roles in periodontal diseases. Materials and methods A total of 64 six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and an EP group. The EP group was prepared by using silk ligature combined with intraoral bacteria inoculation. To assess the periodontal inflammation and bone destruction extent, hematoxylin and eosin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after the modeling, respectively, and immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also performed to detect the changes of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in periodontal tissue and plasma. Results Wnt3a expression was significantly decreased in the EP group when compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Dkk1 expression was significantly increased in the EP group when compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of Wnt3a and Dkk1 was well correlated with EP. It is suggested that Wnt3a and Dkk1 may be involved in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Liu
- Department of Dentistry, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Endodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Jiang Su, China
| | - Hongbing He
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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de Barrios O, Győrffy B, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Sánchez-Tilló E, Sánchez-Moral L, Siles L, Esteve-Arenys A, Roué G, Casal JI, Darling DS, Castells A, Postigo A. ZEB1-induced tumourigenesis requires senescence inhibition via activation of DKK1/mutant p53/Mdm2/CtBP and repression of macroH2A1. Gut 2017; 66:666-682. [PMID: 27965283 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand the role of ZEB1 in the tumour initiation and progression beyond inducing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. DESIGN Expression of the transcription factor ZEB1 associates with a worse prognosis in most cancers, including colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). The study uses survival analysis, in vivo mouse transgenic and xenograft models, gene expression arrays, immunostaining and gene and protein regulation assays. RESULTS The poorer survival determined by ZEB1 in CRCs depended on simultaneous high levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK1, whose expression was transcriptionally activated by ZEB1. In cancer cells with mutant TP53, ZEB1 blocked the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci at the onset of senescence by triggering a new regulatory cascade that involves the subsequent activation of DKK1, mutant p53, Mdm2 and CtBP to ultimately repress macroH2A1 (H2AFY). In a transgenic mouse model of colon cancer, partial downregulation of Zeb1 was sufficient to induce H2afy and to trigger in vivo tumour senescence, thus resulting in reduced tumour load and improved survival. The capacity of ZEB1 to induce tumourigenesis in a xenograft mouse model requires the repression of H2AFY by ZEB1. Lastly, the worst survival effect of ZEB1 in patients with CRC ultimately depends on low expression of H2AFY and of senescence-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS The tumourigenic capacity of ZEB1 depends on its inhibition of cancer cell senescence through the activation of a herein identified new molecular pathway. These results set ZEB1 as a potential target in therapeutic strategies aimed at inducing senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, MTA TTK and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - María Jesús Fernández-Aceñero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Sánchez-Tilló
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Moral
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Arenys
- Lymphoma Group, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Group, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Casal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Antoni Castells
- Institute of Metabolic and Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Biomedical Research Networking Centers in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Biomedical Research Networking Centers in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Pang H, Ma N, Jiao M, Shen W, Xin B, Wang T, Zhang F, Liu L, Zhang H. The Biological Effects of Dickkopf1 on Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Bone Metastasis. Oncol Res 2017; 25:35-42. [PMID: 28081731 PMCID: PMC7840681 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14719078133249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone is among the most common sites of metastasis in patients with lung cancer. Over 30%–40% of lung cancers can develop bone metastasis, and no effective therapeutic methods exist in clinic cases. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Dickkopf1 (DKK1) play important roles in the progression of lung cancer, which preferentially metastasizes to the skeleton. However, the role of DKK1 in osteotropism of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to define the role of DKK1 in SCLC bone metastasis and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the expression level of DKK1 was dramatically higher in bone metastatic SCLC cells (SBC-5 cell line) compared with that in cells without bone metastatic ability (SBC-3 cell line). Therefore, we hypothesized that DKK1 was involved in the bone metastasis of SCLC. We then suppressed the DKK1 expression in SBC-5 cells by RNAi and found that downregulation of DKK1 can inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion, but increase the apoptosis rate. Downregulation of DKK1 did not affect the cell cycle progression of SBC-5 cells in vitro. In vivo, downregulated DKK1 in SBC-5 cells resulted in attenuated bone metastasis. These results indicated that DKK1 may be an important regulator in bone metastases of SCLC, and targeting DKK1 may be an effective method to prevent and treat skeleton metastases in SCLC cases.
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Cheng R, Lu C, Zhang G, Zhang G, Zhao G. Overexpression of miR-203 increases the sensitivity of NSCLC A549/H460 cell lines to cisplatin by targeting Dickkopf-1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2129-2136. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Khalili S, Rasaee MJ, Bamdad T. 3D structure of DKK1 indicates its involvement in both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Jia X, Li N, Peng C, Deng Y, Wang J, Deng M, Lu M, Yin J, Zheng G, Liu H, He Z. miR-493 mediated DKK1 down-regulation confers proliferation, invasion and chemo-resistance in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7044-54. [PMID: 26799283 PMCID: PMC4872767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated that the levels of DKK1 were decreased in serums and tissues of GC. DKK1 levels inversely correlated with tumor class, TNM stage, distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis of GC. GC patients with low DKK1 levels had a poor overall survival. DKK1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. DKK1 also inhibited invasion, but enhanced chemo-sensitivity of GC cells. Mechanically, miR-493 levels increased in GC and directly targeted and down-regulated DKK1 expression. In agreement, miR-493 promoted proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. MiR-493 also promoted invasion and chemo-resistance of GC cells. However, DKK1 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-493 on proliferation, invasion and chemo-sensitivity. Thus, our results provide new insight for the role of miR-493/DKK1 axis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jia
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingen Deng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Deng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Minying Lu
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
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