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Patwardhan MV, Mahendran R. The Bladder Tumor Microenvironment Components That Modulate the Tumor and Impact Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12311. [PMID: 37569686 PMCID: PMC10419109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and involves many different cell types that seemingly work together in helping cancer cells evade immune monitoring and survive therapy. The advent of single-cell sequencing has greatly increased our knowledge of the cell types present in the tumor microenvironment and their role in the developing cancer. This, coupled with clinical data showing that cancer development and the response to therapy may be influenced by drugs that indirectly influence the tumor environment, highlights the need to better understand how the cells present in the TME work together. This review looks at the different cell types (cancer cells, cancer stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, adipose cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and neuronal cells) in the bladder tumor microenvironment. Their impact on immune activation and on shaping the microenvironment are discussed as well as the effects of hypertensive drugs and anesthetics on bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
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2
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Xu H, Qiu Y, Zhu Y, Wang X. Senescence-related gene c-Myc affects bladder cancer cell senescence by interacting with HSP90B1 to regulate cisplatin sensitivity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7408-7423. [PMID: 37433010 PMCID: PMC10457043 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with advanced bladder cancer gradually become less sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents, leading to tumor recurrence. Initiating the senescence program in solid tumors may be an important means of improving short-term drug sensitivity. The important role of c-Myc in bladder cancer cell senescence was determined using bioinformatics methods. The response to cisplatin chemotherapy in bladder cancer sample was analyzed according to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, clone formation assay, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining were used to assess bladder cancer cell growth, senescence, and sensitivity to cisplatin, respectively. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were performed to understand the regulation of p21 by c-Myc/HSP90B1. Bioinformatic analysis showed that c-Myc, a cellular senescence gene, was significantly associated with bladder cancer prognosis and sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy. c-Myc and HSP90B1 expression were highly correlated in bladder cancer. Reducing the level of c-Myc significantly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, promoted cellular senescence, and enhanced cisplatin chemosensitivity. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HSP90B1 interacted with c-Myc. Western blot analysis showed that reducing the level of HSP90B1 could redeem the p21 overexpression caused by c-Myc overexpression. Further studies showed that reducing HSP90B1 expression could alleviate the rapid growth and accelerate cellular senescence of bladder cancer cells caused by c-Myc overexpression, and that reducing HSP90B1 levels could also improve cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer cells. HSP90B1/c-Myc interaction regulates the p21 signaling pathway, which affects cisplatin chemosensitivity by modulating bladder cancer cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
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3
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Dasari S, Njiki S, Mbemi A, Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB. Pharmacological Effects of Cisplatin Combination with Natural Products in Cancer Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031532. [PMID: 35163459 PMCID: PMC8835907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based drugs, such as carboplatin, ormaplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been widely used to treat a multitude of human cancers. However, a considerable proportion of patients often relapse due to drug resistance and/or toxicity to multiple organs including the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular, hematologic, and nervous systems. In this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the science highlighting the use of cisplatin in cancer therapy, with a special emphasis on its molecular mechanisms of action, and treatment modalities including the combination therapy with natural products. Hence, we searched the literature using various scientific databases., such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant sources, to collect and review relevant publications on cisplatin, natural products, combination therapy, uses in cancer treatment, modes of action, and therapeutic strategies. Our search results revealed that new strategic approaches for cancer treatment, including the combination therapy of cisplatin and natural products, have been evaluated with some degree of success. Scientific evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrates that many medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that are promising candidates for the treatment of human diseases, and therefore represent an excellent source for drug discovery. In preclinical studies, it has been demonstrated that natural products not only enhance the therapeutic activity of cisplatin but also attenuate its chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Many experimental studies have also reported that natural products exert their therapeutic action by triggering apoptosis through modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p53 signal transduction pathways and enhancement of cisplatin chemosensitivity. Furthermore, natural products protect against cisplatin-induced organ toxicity by modulating several gene transcription factors and inducing cell death through apoptosis and/or necrosis. In addition, formulations of cisplatin with polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and carbon-based nano-drug delivery systems have been found to delay drug release, prolong half-life, and reduce systemic toxicity while other formulations, such as nanocapsules, nanogels, and hydrogels, have been reported to enhance cell penetration, target cancer cells, and inhibit tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloam Dasari
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Ariane Mbemi
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-601-979-0777
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4
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Liu S, Chen X, Lin T. Emerging strategies for the improvement of chemotherapy in bladder cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2021; 39:187-202. [PMID: 35777908 PMCID: PMC9263750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of chemotherapy and prognosis in bladder cancer is unsatisfied. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and ADC improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Emerging targets in cancer cells and TME spawned novel preclinical agents. Novel drug delivery, such as nanotechnology, enhances effects of chemotherapeutics. The organoid and PDX model are promising to screen and evaluate the target therapy.
Background Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, but the unsatisfactory objective response rate to this treatment yields poor 5-year patient survival. Only PD-1/PD-L1-based immune checkpoint inhibitors, FGFR3 inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates are approved by the FDA to be used in bladder cancer, mainly for platinum-refractory or platinum-ineligible locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Emerging studies indicate that the combination of targeted therapy and chemotherapy shows better efficacy than targeted therapy or chemotherapy alone. Newly identified targets in cancer cells and various functions of the tumour microenvironment have spawned novel agents and regimens, which give impetus to sensitizing chemotherapy in the bladder cancer setting. Aim of Review This review aims to present the current evidence for potentiating the efficacy of chemotherapy in bladder cancer. We focus on combining chemotherapy with other treatments as follows: targeted therapy, including immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates in clinic; novel targeted drugs and nanoparticles in preclinical models and potential targets that may contribute to chemosensitivity in future clinical practice. The prospect of precision therapy is also discussed in bladder cancer. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Combining chemotherapy drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and VEGF inhibitors potentially elevates the response rate and survival. Novel targets, including cancer stem cells, DNA damage repair, antiapoptosis, drug metabolism and the tumour microenvironment, contribute to chemosensitization. Gene alteration-based drug selection and patient-derived xenograft- and organoid-based drug validation are the future for precision therapy.
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5
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Bahrami S, Kazemi B, Zali H, Black PC, Basiri A, Bandehpour M, Hedayati M, Sahebkar A. Discovering Therapeutic Protein Targets for Bladder Cancer Using Proteomic Data Analysis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:150-172. [PMID: 31622214 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191016124935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer accounts for almost 54% of urinary system cancer and is the second most frequent cause of death in genitourinary malignancies after prostate cancer. About 70% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive, and the rest are muscle-invasive. Recurrence of the tumor is the common feature of bladder cancer. Chemotherapy is a conventional treatment for MIBC, but it cannot improve the survival rate of these patients sufficiently. Therefore, researchers must develop new therapies. Antibody-based therapy is one of the most important strategies for the treatment of solid tumors. Selecting a suitable target is the most critical step for this strategy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to detect therapeutic cell surface antigen targets in bladder cancer using data obtained by proteomic studies. METHODS Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis had identified 131 overexpressed proteins in baldder cancer tissue and reverse-phase proteomic array (RPPA) analysis had been done for 343 tumor tissues and 208 antibodies. All identified proteins from two studies (131+208 proteins) were collected and duplicates were removed (331 unique proteins). Gene ontology study was performed using gene ontology (GO) and protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) databases. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to search the protein class and subcellular location of membrane proteins obtained from the PANTHER analysis. RESULTS Membrane proteins that could be suitable therapeutic targets for bladder cancer were selected. These included: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Her2, Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), HSP90, Transferrin receptor (TFRC), Activin A Receptor Like Type 1 (ACVRL1), and cadherin 2 (CDH2). Monoclonal antibodies against these proteins or their inhibitors were used for the treatment of different cancers in preclinical and clinical trials. CONCLUSION These monoclonal antibodies and inhibitor molecules and also their combination can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bahrami
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Debele TA, Wu PC, Wei YF, Chuang JY, Chang KY, Tsai JH, Su WP. Transferrin Modified GSH Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Micelle to Deliver HSP90 Inhibitors to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Brain Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102375. [PMID: 34069106 PMCID: PMC8156315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a key element of a multi-chaperone complex involved in the stabilizing of many client proteins, oncoproteins, which play essential roles in tumorigenesis. As the result, HSP90 has been taken as a promising target for anticancer therapies. AUY922 has good antitumor activity by inhibiting the ATPase activity of HSP90, while it has certain limitations, including poor water solubility and lack of selectivity, which have incited the development of a novel targeted nanoformulation. In this study, we have successfully synthesized and characterized a GSH-sensitive micelle that can encapsulate hydrophobic AUY922 in its core region to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against brain cancers. All in vitro and in vivo experimental results showed nanoformulated AUY922 has a better therapeutic efficacy against brain cancer in comparison to the free AUY922. Abstract Herein, GSH-sensitive hyaluronic acid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA-SS-PLGA) was synthesized. Surface modification of PLGA with hyaluronic acid produced a highly stable micelle at physiological pH while a micelle was destabilized at a higher GSH level. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that rhodamine-encapsulated micelle was taken up by brain cancer cells, while competitive inhibition was observed in the presence of free HA and free transferrin. In vitro cytotoxicity results revealed that transferrin-targeted nanoformulated AUY922 (TF-NP-AUY922) shows higher cytotoxicity than either free AUY922 or non-targeted AUY922-loaded micelles (NP-AUY922). In comparison to the control groups, free AUY922, TF-NP-AUY922 or NP-AUY922 treatment revealed the upregulation of HSP70, while the expression of HSP90 client proteins was simultaneously depleted. In addition, the treatment group induced caspase-dependent PARP cleavage and the upregulation of p53 expression, which plays a key role in apoptosis of brain cancer cells. In vivo and ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that cypate-loaded micelle was taken up and accumulated in the tumor regions. Furthermore, in vivo therapeutic efficacy studies revealed that the AUY922-loaded micelle significantly suppressed tumor growth in comparison to the free AUY922, or control groups using tumor-bearing NOD-SCID mice. Moreover, biochemical index and histological analysis revealed synthesized micelle does not show any significant cytotoxicity to the selected major organs. Overall, a synthesized micelle is the best carrier for AUY922 to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Tainan 704, Taiwan; or
| | - Ping-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Taiwan Innovation Center of Medical Devices and Technology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hung Tsai
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Tainan 704, Taiwan; or
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Rajendran G, Taylor JA, Woolbright BL. Natural products as a means of overcoming cisplatin chemoresistance in bladder cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:69-84. [PMID: 35582013 PMCID: PMC9019192 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin remains an integral part of the treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer. A large number of patients do not respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and efficacious salvage regimens are limited. Immunotherapy has offered a second line of treatment; however, only approximately 20% of patients respond, and molecular subtyping of tumors indicates there may be significant overlap in those patients that respond to cisplatin and those patients that respond to immunotherapy. As such, restoring sensitivity to cisplatin remains a major hurdle to improving patient care. One potential source of compounds for enhancing cisplatin is naturally derived bioactive products such as phytochemicals, flavonoids and others. These compounds can activate a diverse array of different pathways, many of which can directly promote or inhibit cisplatin sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to understand current drug development in the area of natural products and to assess how these compounds may enhance cisplatin treatment in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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8
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Pagliarone AC, Castañeda ED, Santana JPP, de Oliveira CAB, Robeldo TA, Teixeira FR, Borra RC. Mitochondrial heat shock protein mortalin as potential target for therapies based on oxidative stress. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102256. [PMID: 33737220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments based on production of reactive oxygen species for bladder cancer such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been marginalized due to low specificity and the existence of resistance mainly associated with the up-regulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). To overcome these barriers, the establishment of strategies combining PDTs with HSP inhibitors may be promising and the identification of HSPs involved with oxidative stress from bladder tumors in animal models represents a key step in this direction. MATERIALS Thus, the present study aims to identify cytosolic and mitochondrial HSPs up expressed in murine bladder tumors and in the urothelial carcinoma cell line MB49 by qRT-PCR screening, and to analyze the importance of the activity of the HSPs associated with oxidative stress protection in the survival of the MB49 using strategy of inhibition in vitro. RESULTS Results showed that both tumor tissues and MB49 cells in culture had significant overexpression of the mitochondrial HSPA9 (mortalin) and HSP60 mRNAs, while the cytosolic HSP90 was overexpressed only in the tumor. The effect of mortalin in the MB49 cells survival under oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro in presence of the specific inhibitor MKT-077 and H2O2. The findings showed that MB49 viability was permanently reduced by the MKT-077 in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis or necrosis, mainly under oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSION Results suggest that mortalin is preferentially expressed in the MB49 cancer model and plays a key role in tumoral survival, especially under oxidative stress, making this HSP a potential target for an alternative treatment combining PDT with HSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pagliarone
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin David Castañeda
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonne Pedro Pedott Santana
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thaiane Alcarde Robeldo
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Roberti Teixeira
- Lab. of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Chen D, Xie S, Wu Y, Cui Y, Cai Y, Lan L, Yang H, Chen J, Chen W. Reduction of Bladder Cancer Chemosensitivity Induced by the Effect of HOXA-AS3 as a ceRNA for miR-455-5p That Upregulates Notch1. Front Oncol 2021; 10:572672. [PMID: 33643896 PMCID: PMC7907523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the main causes of recurrence in bladder cancer patients and leads to poor prognosis. Recently, long non-coding RNAs, like HOXA-AS3, have been reported to regulate chemoresistance in several types of cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine whether HOXA-AS3 can mediate cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer, and its potential mechanism of action. We determined the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells using a CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. We used western blot analysis to assess the expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch1. We then confirmed expression of these EMT-related markers by immunofluorescence analysis. We found that hypoxia promoted resistance to cisplatin and upregulated the level of HOXA-AS3 in BC cells. Inhibition of HOXA-AS3 enhanced hypoxia-induced cisplatin sensitivity by regulating EMT and Notch1 in BC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HOXA-AS3 directly targets miR-455-5p and that Notch1 was a potential target of miRNA-455-5p. We also found that the positive effect of HOXA-AS3 inhibition on cisplatin resistance and tumorigenesis was alleviated when BC cells were transfected with miR-455-5p. Finally, we showed combining HOXA-AS3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) with cisplatin treatment inhibited tumorigenesis in a BALB/c nu/nu mouse model. Our findings indicate that HOXA-AS3 may function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-455-5p to regulate Notch1 and play an important role in regulating chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in BC cells. Therefore, HOXA-AS3 may be a novel therapeutic target for treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangzhi Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Li G, Zhang X, Guo X, Li Y, Li C. Propofol Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Stem-like Properties of Bladder Cancer Mainly by Suppressing the Hedgehog Pathway. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720985113. [PMID: 33522306 PMCID: PMC7863560 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720985113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. The existence of bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has been suggested to underlie bladder tumor initiation and recurrence. Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic. Here, we find that propofol can dramatically block the activation of Hedgehog pathway in BCSCs. The propofol strongly repressed the growth of cancer cells. Attenuated proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells were observed upon propofol stimulation. Furthermore, propofol reduced the self-renewal ability of BCSCs as well as the tumor formation. In conclusion, propofol is potentially used as a novel therapeutic agent for bladder cancer by targeting self-renewal through inhibiting Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Jianlan Institute of Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Zhongke Jianlan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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11
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Xu DD, Chen SH, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Zhao ZD, Wang X, Huang HQ, Xue X, Liu QY, Wang YF, Zhang R. Suppression of Esophageal Cancer Stem-like Cells by SNX-2112 Is Enhanced by STAT3 Silencing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:532395. [PMID: 33390934 PMCID: PMC7772942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.532395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are responsible for tumor cell proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and relapse in various cancers. We, and others, have previously shown that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is responsible for CSCs and TICs growth. Recent reports have indicated that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is also essential for the survival of CSCs and TICs. SNX-2112 is an Hsp90 inhibitor. However, it remains unclear whether proliferation of esophageal cancer stem-like cells (ECSLCs) is suppressed by SNX-2112 with knockdown of STAT3 (shSTAT3). Here, we explored the association between SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 and the suppression of ECSLCs growth. We found that the expression level of both STAT3 and p-STAT3 was higher in clinical esophageal cancer tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue, using western blot and qPCR analysis. Furthermore, differential expression analysis demonstrated that STAT3 was overexpressed in clinical specimens. We demonstrated that SNX-2112 inhibited cancer cell proliferation, decreased ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene expression levels and reduced the colony formation capacity of ECSLCs, which was enhanced by STAT3 silencing. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the combination of SNX-2112 and shSTAT3 significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in ECSLCs. Levels of proliferation pathway proteins, including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) which were also client proteins of Hsp90, were also reduced. In addition, SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 inhibited the proliferation of ECSLCs in vivo. Finally, STAT3 overexpression eliminated the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of SNX-2112 on ECSLCs. Hence, these results provide a rationale for the therapeutic potential of the combination of SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 in esophageal cancer, and may indicate new targets for clinical intervention in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhao
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qing Huang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Liu Q, Gu J, Zhang E, He L, Yuan ZX. Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Urological Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2038-2056. [PMID: 32250210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403131514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients' survival. Although there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies often result in tumor recurrence and therapy failure. An increasing amount of evidence indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating ability were the source of treatment failure in urological cancer. The development of CSCstargeted strategy can provide a possibility for the complete elimination of urological cancer. This review is based on a search of PubMed, Google scholar and NIH database (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) for English language articles containing the terms: "biomarkers", "cancer stem cells", "targeting/targeted therapy", "prostate cancer", bladder cancer" and "kidney cancer". We summarized the biomarkers and stem cell features of the prostate, bladder and renal CSCs, outlined the targeted strategies for urological CSCs from signaling pathways, cytokines, angiogenesis, surface markers, elimination therapy, differentiation therapy, immunotherapy, microRNA, nanomedicine, etc., and highlighted the prospects and future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Yaopharma Co., Ltd. Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers college of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Chen JC, Ko JC, Taso YC, Cheng HH, Chen TY, Yen TC, Lin YW. Downregulation of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C Expression by 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin Enhances Bevacizumab-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmacology 2020; 106:154-168. [PMID: 33202406 DOI: 10.1159/000509052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) protein is an important DNA damage recognition factor involved in nucleotide excision repair and regulation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation and viability. 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) blocks ATP binding to heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), resulting in destabilization of Hsp90-client protein complexes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor expressed by many types of tumors. Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against human VEGF used as an antiangiogenesis agent in the therapy of many cancers, proving successful in increasing objective tumor response rate and prolonging overall survival in NSCLC patients. METHODS After the bevacizumab and/or 17-AAG treatment, the expressions of XPC mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Protein levels of XPC and phospho-AKT were determined by Western blot analysis. We used specific XPC small interfering RNA and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) to examine the role of the AKT-XPC signal in regulating the chemosensitivity of bevacizumab and 17-AAG. Cell viability was assessed by the MTS assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. RESULTS In this study, bevacizumab decreased XPC expression in human lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 and H1703 cells via AKT inactivation. Enhancement of AKT activity by transfection with constitutively active AKT vectors increased XPC expression and cell survival after treatment with bevacizumab. In addition, 17-AAG synergistically enhanced bevacizumab-induced cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition in H520 and H1703 cells, associated with downregulation of XPC expression and inactivation of AKT. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Together, these results may provide a rationale to combine bevacizumab with Hsp90 inhibitors in future to enhance therapeutic effects for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Cing Taso
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hung Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan,
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14
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Kim HJ, Gong MK, Yoon CY, Kang J, Yun M, Cho NH, Rha SY, Choi YD. Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Combined Treatment with HSP90 Inhibitor and PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:587-596. [PMID: 32608202 PMCID: PMC7329736 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.7.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to investigate the synergistic antitumor effect of combined treatment with 17-DMAG (HSP90 inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor) on cisplatin-resistant human bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bladder cancer cells exhibiting cisplatin resistance (T24R2) were exposed to escalating doses of 17-DMAG (2.5-20 nM) with or without NVP-BEZ236 (0.5-4 μM) in combination with cisplatin. Antitumor effects were assessed by CCK-8 analysis. Based on the dose-response study, synergistic interactions between the two regimens were evaluated using clonogenic assay and combination index values. Flow cytometry and Western blot were conducted to analyze mechanisms of synergism. RESULTS Dose- and time-dependent antitumor effects for 17-DMAG were observed in both cisplatin-sensitive (T24) and cisplatin-resistant cells (T24R2). The antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235, however, was found to be self-limiting. The combination of 17-DMAG and NVP-BEZ235 in a 1:200 fixed ratio showed a significant antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells over a wide dose range, and clonogenic assay showed compatible results with synergy tests. Three-dimensional analysis revealed strong synergy between the two drugs with a synergy volume of 201.84 μM/mL²%. The combination therapy resulted in G1-phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis confirmed by the Western blot. CONCLUSION HSP90 inhibitor monotherapy and in combination with the PI3K/mTOR survival pathway inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 shows a synergistic antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancers, eliciting cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and induction of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Urology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Gong
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Yoon
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Pan C, Chun J, Li D, Boese AC, Li J, Kang J, Umano A, Jiang Y, Song L, Magliocca KR, Chen ZG, Saba NF, Shin DM, Owonikoko TK, Lonial S, Jin L, Kang S. Hsp90B enhances MAST1-mediated cisplatin resistance by protecting MAST1 from proteosomal degradation. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4110-4123. [PMID: 31449053 DOI: 10.1172/jci125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1) is a central driver of cisplatin resistance in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism regulating MAST1 levels in cisplatin-resistant tumors is unknown. Through a proteomics screen, we identified the heat shock protein 90 B (hsp90B) chaperone as a direct MAST1 binding partner essential for its stabilization. Targeting hsp90B sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin predominantly through MAST1 destabilization. Mechanistically, interaction of hsp90B with MAST1 blocked ubiquitination of MAST1 at lysines 317 and 545 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP and prevented proteasomal degradation. The hsp90B-MAST1-CHIP signaling axis and its relationship with cisplatin response were clinically validated in cancer patients. Furthermore, combined treatment with a hsp90 inhibitor and the MAST1 inhibitor lestaurtinib further abrogated MAST1 activity and consequently enhanced cisplatin-induced tumor growth arrest in a patient-derived xenograft model. Our study not only uncovers the regulatory mechanism of MAST1 in tumors but also suggests a promising combinatorial therapy to overcome cisplatin resistance in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Umano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010235. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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17
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Ryu H, Jin H, Ho JN, Bae J, Lee E, Lee SE, Lee S. Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Can Re-sensitize a Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:66-72. [PMID: 30606990 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Although there are second-line chemotherapeutic agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) such as those targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), more effective pharmacotherapy is required for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer due to its limited overall survival and progression-free survival. The synergistic anti-cancer effect of cisplatin and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24R2) was examined. Tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle was examined using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Synergism was examined using the combination index (CI). CCK-8 assay and CI test were used to observe the strong synergistic anti-cancer effect between SAHA and cisplatin. Activation of caspase mediated apoptosis, down-regulated expression of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) were observed in Western blot. SAHA synergistically could partially re-sensitize cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24R2) through the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis pathway. SAHA-based treatment could be a potential treatment regimen in patients with cisplatin resistant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Ryu
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Hyunjin Jin
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Jungbum Bae
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Eunsik Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
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18
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Wei H. Interleukin 6 signaling maintains the stem-like properties of bladder cancer stem cells. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:557-566. [PMID: 35116788 PMCID: PMC8799198 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.03.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The relapse and metastasis of bladder cancer are due to its strong resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs after surgery as a result of the expansion and self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of bladder CSCs are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin 6 (IL6)/IL6 receptor (IL6R) in the stem-like characteristics of bladder CSCs. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect IL6 expression in the supernatant and cells of bladder CSCs, respectively. Following that, self-renewal, stem cell-associated gene expression, invasion, metastasis, and tumorigenicity were assessed by sphere-forming assay, qRT-PCR, invasion and transwell assays, and tumor-forming experiment in NOD/SCID mice, respectively. Finally, Western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to examine the IL6 signaling pathway in regulating the stem-like properties of bladder CSCs. Results The spheres, originating from the bladder cancer cell lines RT4 and J82, possessed a higher expression of stem-associated genes. The expression levels of IL6 were elevated in the supernatant and cells of the bladder CSCs. IL6R was also up-regulated in the bladder CSCs. Recombinant IL6 promoted the stem-like properties of the bladder CSCs, including self-renewal, expression of stem-associated genes, invasion, migration, and tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, IL6 exerted its biological effects by binding to IL6R, which enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and triggered its activation. Furthermore, these effects were alleviated by the FDA-approved drug tocilizumab. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that IL6/IL6R/STAT3 maintains the stem-like properties of bladder CSCs. Furthermore, IL6R may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CSCs in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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19
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Ko JC, Chen JC, Chen TY, Yen TC, Ma PF, Lin YC, Wu CH, Peng YS, Zheng HY, Lin YW. Inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase expression by Hsp90 inhibitor potentiates the cytotoxic effect of salinomycin in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Toxicology 2019; 417:54-63. [PMID: 30796972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic having anti-tumorigenic property in various types of cancer. Elevated thymidine phosphorylase (TP) levels, a key enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleoside salvage pathway, are associated with an aggressive disease phenotype and poor prognoses. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of many oncogenic proteins. In this study, we report whether Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG could enhance salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells through modulating TP expression in two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 and H1975. We found that salinomycin increased TP expression in a MKK3/6-p38 MAPK activation manner. Knockdown of TP using siRNA or inactivation of p38 MAPK by pharmacological inhibitor SB203580 enhanced the cytotoxic and growth inhibition effects of salinomycin. In contrast, enforced expression of MKK6E (a constitutively active form of MKK6) reduced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin. Moreover, Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG enhanced cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin in NSCLC cells, which were associated with down-regulation of TP expression and inactivation of p38 MAPK. Together, the Hsp90 inhibition induced TP down-regulation involved in enhancing the salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in A549 and H1975 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Fang Ma
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Peng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Zheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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20
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Gay CM, Tong P, Cardnell RJ, Sen T, Su X, Ma J, Bara RO, Johnson FM, Wakefield C, Heymach JV, Wang J, Byers LA. Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM) Identifies Common Candidate Therapies across Platinum-Resistant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:346-357. [PMID: 30257981 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite a growing arsenal of approved drugs, therapeutic resistance remains a formidable and, often, insurmountable challenge in cancer treatment. The mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance remain largely unresolved and, thus, examples of effective combinatorial or sequential strategies to combat resistance are rare. Here, we present Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM), a novel, integrated drug screen analysis tool designed to address this dilemma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DISARM, a software package and web-based application, analyzes drug response data to prioritize candidate therapies for models with resistance to a reference drug and to assess whether response to a reference drug can be utilized to predict future response to other agents. Using cisplatin as our reference drug, we applied DISARM to models from nine cancers commonly treated with first-line platinum chemotherapy including recalcitrant malignancies such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). RESULTS In cisplatin-resistant models, DISARM identified novel candidates including multiple inhibitors of PI3K, MEK, and BCL-2, among other classes, across unrelated malignancies. Additionally, DISARM facilitated the selection of predictive biomarkers of response and identification of unique molecular subtypes, such as contrasting ASCL1-low/cMYC-high SCLC targetable by AURKA inhibitors and ASCL1-high/cMYC-low SCLC targetable by BCL-2 inhibitors. Utilizing these predictions, we assessed several of DISARM's top candidates, including inhibitors of AURKA, BCL-2, and HSP90, to confirm their activity in cisplatin-resistant SCLC models. CONCLUSIONS DISARM represents the first validated tool to analyze large-scale in vitro drug response data to statistically optimize candidate drug and biomarker selection aimed at overcoming candidate drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rasha O Bara
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Chris Wakefield
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
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Sun Y, Zhai L, Ma S, Zhang C, Zhao L, Li N, Xu Y, Zhang T, Guo Z, Zhang H, Xu P, Zhao X. Down-regulation of RIP3 potentiates cisplatin chemoresistance by triggering HSP90-ERK pathway mediated DNA repair in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hagiwara M, Kikuchi E, Tanaka N, Kosaka T, Mikami S, Saya H, Oya M. Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:113. [PMID: 29385995 PMCID: PMC5793458 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-3988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or recurrent urothelial cancer. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is severely limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Cancer stem cells have been documented as one of the key hypotheses involved in chemoresistance. CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical role of CD44v8-10 and the molecular mechanism underlying the acquisition of cisplatin resistance through CD44v8-10 in urothelial cancer. METHODS We analyzed the clinical significance of the immunohistochemical CD44v9 expression, which detects the immunogen of human CD44v8-10, in 77 urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy for recurrence and/or metastasis. We then evaluated the biological role of CD44v8-10 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance using the urothelial cancer cell lines, T24 and T24PR, which were generated to acquire resistance to cisplatin. RESULTS The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that CD44v9 positivity was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 5.16) in urothelial cancer patients who had recurrence and/or metastasis and received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD44v8-10 and xCT was stronger in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. The amount of intracellular glutathione was significantly higher in T24PR cells than in T24 cells (p < 0.001), and intracellular reactive oxygen species production by cisplatin was lower in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CD44v8-10 by siRNA led to the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in T24PR cells. CONCLUSIONS CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hagiwara
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Fujimoto A, Kawana K, Taguchi A, Adachi K, Sato M, Nakamura H, Ogishima J, Yoshida M, Inoue T, Nishida H, Tomio K, Yamashita A, Matsumoto Y, Arimoto T, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Nagamatsu T, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors sensitizes cancer stem-like cells to ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51854-51864. [PMID: 27322083 PMCID: PMC5239519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer stem cells (CSC) have been implicated in the development of resistance to anti-cancer therapy including chemotherapy, the mechanisms underlying chemo-resistance by CSC have not yet been elucidated. We herein isolated sphere-forming (cancer stem-like) cells from the cervical cancer cell line, SiHa, and examined the unfolded protein reaction (UPR) to chemotherapeutic-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We revealed that tunicamycin-induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis occurred in monolayer, but not sphere-forming cells. Biochemical assays demonstrated that sphere-forming cells were shifted to pro-survival signaling through the inactivation of IRE1 (XBP-1 splicing) and activation of PERK (elF2α phosphorylation) branches under tunicamycin-induced ER stress conditions. The proportion of apoptotic cells among sphere-forming cells was markedly increased by the tunicamycin+PERK inhibitor (PERKi) treatment, indicating that PERKi sensitized sphere-forming cells to tunicamycin-induced apoptosis. Cisplatin is also known to induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis. A low concentration of cisplatin failed to shift sphere-forming cells to apoptosis, although IRE1 branch, but not PERK, was activated. ER stress-mediated apoptosis occurred in sphere-forming cells by the cisplatin+IRE1α inhibitor (IRE1i) treatment. IRE1i, synergistic with cisplatin, up-regulated elF2α phosphorylation, and this was followed by the induction of CHOP in sphere-forming cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of ER stress sensors, combined with ER stress-inducible chemotherapy, shifted cancer stem-like cells to ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaha Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Juri Ogishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tomio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Azevedo R, Peixoto A, Gaiteiro C, Fernandes E, Neves M, Lima L, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Over forty years of bladder cancer glycobiology: Where do glycans stand facing precision oncology? Oncotarget 2017; 8:91734-91764. [PMID: 29207682 PMCID: PMC5710962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high molecular heterogeneity of bladder tumours is responsible for significant variations in disease course, as well as elevated recurrence and progression rates, thereby hampering the introduction of more effective targeted therapeutics. The implementation of precision oncology settings supported by robust molecular models for individualization of patient management is warranted. This effort requires a comprehensive integration of large sets of panomics data that is yet to be fully achieved. Contributing to this goal, over 40 years of bladder cancer glycobiology have disclosed a plethora of cancer-specific glycans and glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans) accompanying disease progressions and dissemination. This review comprehensively addresses the main structural findings in the field and consequent biological and clinical implications. Given the cell surface and secreted nature of these molecules, we further discuss their potential for non-invasive detection and therapeutic development. Moreover, we highlight novel mass-spectrometry-based high-throughput analytical and bioinformatics tools to interrogate the glycome in the postgenomic era. Ultimately, we outline a roadmap to guide future developments in glycomics envisaging clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biomaterials for Multistage Drug and Cell Delivery, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Neves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Nolan KD, Kaur J, Isaacs JS. Secreted heat shock protein 90 promotes prostate cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19323-19341. [PMID: 28038472 PMCID: PMC5386687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a highly conserved molecular chaperone, is frequently upregulated in tumors, and remains an attractive anti-cancer target. Hsp90 is also found extracellularly, particularly in tumor models. Although extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) action is not well defined, eHsp90 targeting attenuates tumor invasion and metastasis, supporting its unique role in tumor progression. We herein investigated the potential role of eHsp90 as a modulator of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer (PCa). We report a novel function for eHsp90 as a facilitator of PCa stemness, determined by its ability to upregulate stem-like markers, promote self-renewal, and enhance prostasphere growth. Moreover, eHsp90 increased the side population typically correlated with the drug-resistant phenotype. Intriguingly, tumor cells with elevated surface eHsp90 exhibited a marked increase in stem-like markers coincident with increased expression of the epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) effector Snail, indicating that surface eHsp90 may enrich for a unique CSC population. Our analysis of distinct effectors modulating the eHsp90-dependent CSC phenotyperevealed that eHsp90 is a likely facilitator of stem cell heterogeneity. Taken together, our findings provide unique functional insights into eHsp90 as a modulator of PCa plasticity, and provide a framework towards understanding its role as a driver of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal D. Nolan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Isaacs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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26
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Solárová Z, Kello M, Varinská L, Budovská M, Solár P. Inhibition of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 potentiates the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 2-(4′fluoro-phenylamino)-4H-1,3-thiazine[6,5-b]indole in A2780cis cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:463-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Martin AR, Ronco C, Demange L, Benhida R. Hypoxia inducible factor down-regulation, cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs): ongoing success stories. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:21-52. [PMID: 30108689 PMCID: PMC6071925 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cancers, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an over-expressed transcription factor, which regulates a large set of genes involved in tumour vascularization, metastases, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation and self-renewal. This protein has been identified as a relevant target in oncology and several HIF-1 modulators are now marketed or in advanced clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advances in the understanding of its regulation and its inhibition, from the medicinal chemist point of view. To this end, we selected in the recent literature relevant examples of "hit" compounds, including small-sized organic molecules, pseudopeptides and nano-drugs, exhibiting in vitro and/or in vivo both anti-HIF-1 and anti-tumour activities. Whenever possible, a particular emphasis has been dedicated to compounds that selectively target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France
- UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , Paris Fr-75006 , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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28
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Koukourakis MI, Kakouratos C, Kalamida D, Bampali Z, Mavropoulou S, Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A. Hypoxia-inducible proteins HIF1α and lactate dehydrogenase LDH5, key markers of anaerobic metabolism, relate with stem cell markers and poor post-radiotherapy outcome in bladder cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:353-63. [PMID: 27010533 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1162921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether anaerobic metabolism, proliferation activity and stem cell content are linked with radioresistance in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue sections from 66 patients with invasive transitional cell bladder cancer treated with hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy, was immunohistochemically analyzed for the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and the anaerobic glycolysis enzyme lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5). Proliferation index (Ki-67) and stem-cell marker (cluster of differentiation CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH1) expression was also examined. RESULTS Both HIF1α and LDH5 expression were linked with high CD44 stem cell population (p = 0.001 and 0.05, respectively), while high Ki-67 proliferation index was linked with nuclear LDH5 expression (p = 0.03) and high histological grade (p = 0.02). A strong significant association of HIF1α (p = 0.0009) and of LDH5 (p < 0.0001) with poor local relapse free survival (LRFS) was noted, which was also confirmed in multivariate analysis. A significant association with overall survival was also noted. Silencing of lactate dehydrogenase LDHA gene in the human RT112 bladder cancer cell line, or exposure to oxamate (LDH activity inhibitor), resulted in strong radio-sensitization. CONCLUSIONS HIF1α and LDH5 are markers of poor outcome in patients with bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy. Blockage of anaerobic metabolism may prove of importance in clinical radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Koukourakis
- a Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Christos Kakouratos
- a Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Dimitra Kalamida
- a Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Zoi Bampali
- a Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | | | - Efthimios Sivridis
- b Department of Pathology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- b Department of Pathology , Democritus University of Thrace, and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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Zeng LP, Hu ZM, Li K, Xia K. miR-222 attenuates cisplatin-induced cell death by targeting the PPP2R2A/Akt/mTOR Axis in bladder cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:559-67. [PMID: 26800397 PMCID: PMC4759461 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased miR-222 levels are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. However, the role of miR-222 remains unclear. In the present study, we found that miR-222 enhanced the proliferation of both the T24 and the 5637 bladder cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-222 attenuated cisplatin-induced cell death in bladder cancer cells. miR-222 activated the Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited cisplatin-induced autophagy in bladder cancer cells by directly targeting protein phosphatase 2A subunit B (PPP2R2A). Blocking the activation of Akt with LY294002 or mTOR with rapamycin significantly prevented miR-222-induced proliferation and restored the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. These findings demonstrate that miR-222 modulates the PPP2R2A/Akt/mTOR axis and thus plays a critical role in regulating proliferation and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Therefore, miR-222 may be a novel therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Mao Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Li
- The Clinical Laboratory of No.261 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bladder Cancer Stem-Like Cells: Their Origin and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010043. [PMID: 26729098 PMCID: PMC4730288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), the most common cancer arising from the human urinary tract, consists of two major clinicopathological phenotypes: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MIBC frequently metastasizes and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. A certain proportion of patients with metastatic BC can achieve a remission with systemic chemotherapy; however, the disease relapses in most cases. Evidence suggests that MIBC comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may be resistant to these treatments and may be able to form new tumors in the bladder or other organs. Therefore, the unambiguous identification of bladder CSCs and the development of targeted therapies are urgently needed. Nevertheless, it remains unclear where bladder CSCs originate and how they are generated. We review recent studies on bladder CSCs, specifically focusing on their proposed origin and the possible therapeutic options based on the CSC theory.
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Skowron MA, Niegisch G, Fritz G, Arent T, van Roermund JGH, Romano A, Albers P, Schulz WA, Hoffmann MJ. Phenotype plasticity rather than repopulation from CD90/CK14+ cancer stem cells leads to cisplatin resistance of urothelial carcinoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:144. [PMID: 26606927 PMCID: PMC4660687 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to systemic treatment in urothelial carcinoma (UC) may arise from cancer stem cells (CSC). A recent model describes cellular differentiation states within UC based on corresponding expression of surface markers (CD) and cytokeratins (CK) with CD90 and CK14 positive cells representing the least differentiated and most tumourigenic population. Based on the fact that this population is postulated to constitute CSCs and the origin of cisplatin resistance, we enriched urothelial carcinoma cell lines (UCCs) for CD90 and studied the tumour-initiating potential of these separated cells in vitro. METHODS Magnetic- and fluorescence-activated- cell sorting were used for separation of CD90(+) and CD90(-) UCCs. Distribution of cell surface markers CD90, CD44, and CD49f and cytokeratins CK14, CK5, and CK20 as well as the effects of short- and long-term treatment with cisplatin were assessed in vitro and measured by qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, reporter assay and flow cytometry in 11 UCCs. RESULTS We observed cell populations with surface markers according to those reported in tumour xenografts. However, expression of cytokeratins did not concord regularly with that of the surface markers. In particular, expression of CD90 and CK14 diverged during enrichment of CD90(+) cells by immunomagnetic sorting or following cisplatin treatment. Enriched CD90(+) cells did not exhibit CSC-like characteristics like enhanced clonogenicity and cisplatin resistance. Moreover, selection of cisplatin-resistant sublines by long-term drug treatment did not result in enrichment of CD90(+) cells. Rather, these sublines displayed significant phenotypic plasticity expressing EMT markers, an altered pattern of CKs, and WNT-pathway target genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the correspondence between CD surface markers and cytokeratins reported in xenografts is not maintained in commonly used UCCs and that CD90 may not be a stable marker of CSC in UC. Moreover, UCCs cells are capable of substantial phenotypic plasticity that may significantly contribute to the emergence of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tanja Arent
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joep G H van Roermund
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Albers
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Ye XY, Luo QQ, Xu YH, Tang NW, Niu XM, Li ZM, Shen SP, Lu S, Chen ZW. 17-AAG suppresses growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:651-63. [PMID: 25712415 PMCID: PMC4369821 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The large tumour suppressor 1 (LATS1) signalling network has been proved to be an essential regulator within the cell, participating in multiple cellular phenotypes. However, it is unclear concerning the clinical significance of LATS1 and the regulatory mechanisms of 17-Allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of LATS1 and yes-associated protein (YAP) expression with clinicopathological characteristics in LAC patients, and the effects of 17-AAG on biological behaviours of LAC cells. Subcutaneous LAC tumour models were further established to observe the tumour growth in nude mice. The results showed that the positive expression of LATS1 was significantly lowered (26.7% versus 68.0%, P < 0.001), while that of YAP was elevated (76.0% versus 56.0%, P + 0.03) in LAC tissues compared to the adjacent non-cancerous tissues; LAST1 expression was negatively correlated with YAP expression (r + 0.432, P < 0.001) and lymphatic invasion of the tumour (P + 0.015). In addition, 17-AAG inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in LAC cells together with increased expression of E-cadherin and p-LATS1, and decreased expression of YAP and connective tissue growth factor. Tumour volumes and weight were much smaller in 17-AAG-treated groups than those in untreated group (P < 0.01). Taken together, our findings indicate that decreased expression of LATS1 is associated with lymphatic invasion of LAC, and 17-AAG suppresses growth and invasion of LAC cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that we may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yun Ye
- Department of Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Centre, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Iskender B, Izgi K, Karaca H, Canatan H. Myrtucommulone-A treatment decreases pluripotency- and multipotency-associated marker expression in bladder cancer cell line HTB-9. J Nat Med 2015; 69:543-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chehab M, Caza T, Skotnicki K, Landas S, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. Targeting Hsp90 in urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8454-73. [PMID: 25909217 PMCID: PMC4496161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma, or transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common urologic malignancy that carries significant morbidity, mortality, recurrence risk and associated health care costs. Despite use of current chemotherapies and immunotherapies, long-term remission in patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic disease remains low, and disease recurrence is common. The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) may offer an ideal treatment target, as it is a critical signaling hub in urothelial carcinoma pathogenesis and potentiates chemoradiation. Preclinical testing with Hsp90 inhibitors has demonstrated reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and synergism with chemotherapies and radiation. Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials utilizing Hsp90 inhibitors for other malignancies had modest efficacy. Therefore, we propose that Hsp90 inhibition would best serve as an adjuvant treatment in advanced muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancers to potentiate other therapies. An overview of bladder cancer biology, current treatments, molecular targeted therapies, and the role for Hsp90 inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma is the focus of this review.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cystectomy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/physiology
- Histone Code/drug effects
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Urologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Urologic Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Chehab
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kamil Skotnicki
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Steve Landas
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Carneiro BA, Meeks JJ, Kuzel TM, Scaranti M, Abdulkadir SA, Giles FJ. Emerging therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:170-8. [PMID: 25498841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (BCa) remains a major challenge. Comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors and identification of driver mutations may reveal new therapeutic targets. This manuscript discusses relevant molecular drivers of the malignant phenotype and agents with therapeutic potential in BCa. Small molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors have shown encouraging efficacy and safety results especially among patients with activating FGFR mutations or translocations. mTOR inhibitors for patients with TSC1 mutations and concomitant targeting of PI3K and MEK represent strategies to block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Encouraging preclinical results with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) exemplifies a new potential treatment for HER2-positive BCa along with innovative bispecific antibodies. Inhibitors of cell cycle regulators (aurora kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4) are being investigated in combination with chemotherapy. Early results of clinical studies with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PDL1 are propelling immune modulating drugs to the forefront of emerging treatments for BCa. Collectively, these novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies hold promise to improve the outcome of patients afflicted with this malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aurora Kinases/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Maytansine/analogs & derivatives
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trastuzumab
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States.
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Mariana Scaranti
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Francis J Giles
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
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Tatokoro M, Koga F, Yoshida S, Kihara K. Heat shock protein 90 targeting therapy: state of the art and future perspective. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:48-58. [PMID: 26600741 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that plays a role in stabilizing and activating more than 200 client proteins. It is required for the stability and function of numerous oncogenic signaling proteins that determine the hallmarks of cancer. Since the initial discovery of the first Hsp90 inhibitor in the 1970s, multiple phase II and III clinical trials of several Hsp90 inhibitors have been undertaken. This review provides an overview of the current status on clinical trials of Hsp90 inhibitors and future perspectives on novel anticancer strategies using Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tatokoro
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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Tatokoro M, Koga F, Yoshida S, Kihara K. Heat shock protein 90 targeting therapy: state of the art and future perspective. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26600741 PMCID: PMC4652636 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that plays a role in stabilizing and activating more than 200 client proteins. It is required for the stability and function of numerous oncogenic signaling proteins that determine the hallmarks of cancer. Since the initial discovery of the first Hsp90 inhibitor in the 1970s, multiple phase II and III clinical trials of several Hsp90 inhibitors have been undertaken. This review provides an overview of the current status on clinical trials of Hsp90 inhibitors and future perspectives on novel anticancer strategies using Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tatokoro
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fumitaka Koga, Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan. Phone: +81-3-38232101 Fax: +81-3-38241552, E-mail:
| | - Soichiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Solár P. Hsp90 inhibitor as a sensitizer of cancer cells to different therapies (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:907-26. [PMID: 25501619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various client proteins involved in signaling and many other functions of cancer cells. The natural inhibitors, ansamycins influence the Hsp90 chaperone function by preventing its binding to client proteins and resulting in their proteasomal degradation. N- and C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90 and their analogues are widely tested as potential anticancer agents in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical trials. It seems that Hsp90 competitive inhibitors target different tumor types at nanomolar concentrations and might have therapeutic benefit. On the contrary, some Hsp90 inhibitors increased toxicity and resistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock response, and through the interaction of survival signals, that occured as side effects of treatments, could be very effectively limited via combination of therapies. The aim of our review was to collect the data from experimental and clinical trials where Hsp90 inhibitor was combined with other therapies in order to prevent resistance as well as to potentiate the cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Koga F, Yokoyama M, Fukushima H. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a contemporary review with a special focus on bladder-sparing treatments. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:1269-79. [PMID: 24168010 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.851605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCUB) is a rare and aggressive disease. To date, no standard treatment has been proposed due to the lack of prospective studies resulting from the rarity of this disease. Recently published studies of relatively large patient cohorts, however, have shed some light on the management of SCCUB patients. In this article, the authors review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment (based on disease stage), and they then discuss the optimal therapeutic strategy for SCCUB patients, particularly for those with limited, locoregional disease. The authors conclude that multidisciplinary approaches are needed for the optimal management of this aggressive disease. The authors also discuss bladder-sparing approaches for SCCUB patients, compared to those for conventional bladder urothelial carcinoma patients.
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40
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Ma L, Sato F, Sato R, Matsubara T, Hirai K, Yamasaki M, Shin T, Shimada T, Nomura T, Mori K, Sumino Y, Mimata H. Dual targeting of heat shock proteins 90 and 70 promotes cell death and enhances the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2482-92. [PMID: 24718854 PMCID: PMC4055347 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperones that stabilize numerous vital proteins, may be attractive targets for cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible anticancer effect of single or dual targeting of HSP90 and HSP70 and the combination treatment with HSP inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer cells. The expression of HSP90 and the anticancer effect of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) coupled with cisplatin, docetaxel, or gemcitabine were examined using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, cell growth, flow cytometry, immunoblots and caspase-3/7 assays. The expression of HSP70 under HSP90 inhibition and the additive effect of HSP70 inhibitor pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ) were examined by the same assays and transmission electron microscopy. HSP90 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. 17-AAG enhanced the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of each chemotherapeutic agent. 17-AAG also suppressed Akt activity but induced the upregulation of HSP70. PFT-μ enhanced the effect of 17-AAG or chemotherapeutic agents; the triple combination of 17-AAG, PFT-μ and a chemotherapeutic agent showed the most significant anticancer effect on the T24 cell line. The combination of 17-AAG and PFT-μ markedly suppressed Akt and Bad activities. With HSP90 suppression, HSP70 overexpression possibly contributes to the avoidance of cell death and HSP70 may be a key molecule for overcoming resistance to the HSP90 inhibitor. The dual targeting of these two chaperones and the combination with conventional anticancer drugs could be a promising therapeutic option for patients with advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Ryuta Sato
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Hirai
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimada
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeo Nomura
- Division of Urology, Tsurumi Hospital, Beppu, Oita 874-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sumino
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Huang Y, Ju B, Tian J, Liu F, Yu H, Xiao H, Liu X, Liu W, Yao Z, Hao Q. Ovarian cancer stem cell-specific gene expression profiling and targeted drug prescreening. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1235-48. [PMID: 24424387 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells, with unlimited self-renewal potential and other stem cell characteristics, occur in several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer (OvC). Although CSCs can cause tumor initiation, malignant proliferation, relapse and multi-drug resistance, ways to eliminate them remain unknown. In the present study, we compared ovarian cancer stem cell (OVCSC) expression profiles in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian cells from patients with advanced disease to identify key pathways and specific molecular signatures involved in OVC progression and to prescreen candidate small-molecule compounds with anti-OVCSC activity. Comparison of genome-wide expression profiles of OvC stemness groups with non-stemness controls revealed 6495, 1347 and 509 differentially expressed genes in SDC, SP1 and SP2 groups, respectively, with a cut-off of fold-change set at >1.5 and P<0.05. NAB1 and NPIPL1 were commonly upregulated whereas PROS1, GREB1, KLF9 and MTUS1 were commonly downregulated in all 3 groups. Most differentially expressed genes consistently clustered with molecular functions such as protein receptor binding, kinase activity and chemo-repellent activity. These genes regulate cellular components such as centrosome, plasma membrane receptors, and basal lamina, and may participate in biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, chemoresistance and stemness induction. Key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as ECM receptor, ErbB signaling, endocytosis and adherens junction pathways were enriched. Gene co-expression extrapolation screening by the Connectivity Map revealed several small-molecule compounds (such as SC-560, disulfiram, thapsigargin, esculetin and cinchonine) with potential anti-OVCSC properties targeting OVCSC signature genes. We identified several key CSC features and specific regulation networks in OVCSCs and predicted several small molecules with potential anti-OVCSC pharmacological properties, which may aid the development of OVCSC-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Baohui Ju
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hu Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huiting Xiao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Quan Hao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical Univerisity Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care. Oncotarget 2013; 4:502-30. [PMID: 23594434 PMCID: PMC3720600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma's compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.
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Hsp90 inhibitor 17-DMAG decreases expression of conserved herpesvirus protein kinases and reduces virus production in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells. J Virol 2013; 87:10126-38. [PMID: 23843639 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01671-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All eight human herpesviruses have a conserved herpesvirus protein kinase (CHPK) that is important for the lytic phase of the viral life cycle. In this study, we show that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interacts directly with each of the eight CHPKs, and we demonstrate that an Hsp90 inhibitor drug, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), decreases expression of all eight CHPKs in transfected HeLa cells. 17-DMAG also decreases expression the of the endogenous Epstein-Barr virus protein kinase (EBV PK, encoded by the BGLF4 gene) in lytically infected EBV-positive cells and inhibits phosphorylation of several different known EBV PK target proteins. Furthermore, 17-DMAG treatment abrogates expression of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) kinase UL97 in HCMV-infected human fibroblasts. Importantly, 17-DMAG treatment decreased the EBV titer approximately 100-fold in lytically infected AGS-Akata cells without causing significant cellular toxicity during the same time frame. Increased EBV PK expression in 17-DMAG-treated AGS-Akata cells did not restore EBV titers, suggesting that 17-DMAG simultaneously targets multiple viral and/or cellular proteins required for efficient viral replication. These results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors, including 17-DMAG, may be a promising group of drugs that could have profound antiviral effects on herpesviruses.
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46
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Transient treatment with epigenetic modifiers yields stable neuroblastoma stem cells resembling aggressive large-cell neuroblastomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6097-102. [PMID: 23479628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118262110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are plastic in nature, a characteristic that hampers cancer therapeutics. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of neural crest origin, and half of the cases are highly aggressive. By treating NB cell lines [SKNAS, SKNBE(2)C, CHP134, and SY5Y] with epigenetic modifiers for a short time, followed by sphere-forming culture conditions, we have established stem cell-like NB cells that are phenotypically stable for more than a year. These cells are characterized by their high expression of stemness factors, stem cell markers, and open chromatin structure. We referred to these cells as induced CSCs (iCSCs). SKNAS iCSC and SKNBE(2)C iCSC clones (as few as 100 cells) injected s.c. into SCID/Beige mice formed tumors, and in one case, SKNBE(2)C iCSCs metastasized to the adrenal gland, suggesting their increased metastatic potential. SKNAS iCSC xenografts showed the histologic appearance of totally undifferentiated large-cell NBs (LCNs), the most aggressive and deadly form of NB in humans. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that SKNAS iCSC xenografts expressed high levels of the stem cell marker CXCR4, whereas the SKNAS monolayer cell xenografts did not. The patterns of CXCR4 and MYC expression in SKNAS iCSC xenografts resembled those in the LCNs. The xenografts established from the NB iCSCs shared two common features: the LCN phenotype and high-level MYC/MYCN expression. These observations suggest both that NB cells with large and vesicular nuclei, representing their open chromatin structure, are indicative of stem cell-like tumor cells and that epigenetic changes may have contributed to the development of these most malignant NB cells.
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Bambury RM, Rosenberg JE. Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Overcoming Treatment Resistance through Novel Treatment Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23390417 PMCID: PMC3565214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for metastatic urothelial carcinoma is cisplatin-based chemotherapy but treatment is generally not curative. Mechanisms of resistance to conventional cytotoxic regimens include tumor cell drug efflux pumps, intracellular anti-oxidants, and enhanced anti-apoptotic signaling. Blockade of signaling pathways with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has produced dramatic responses in subsets of other cancers. Multiple potential signaling pathway targets are altered in Urothelial carcinoma (UC). Blockade of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may prove efficacious because 21% have activating PI3K mutations and another 30% have PTEN inactivation (which leads to activation of this pathway). The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein may be overactive in 50–60% and agents which block this pathway are under development. Blockade of multiple other pathways including HER2 and aurora kinase also have potential efficacy. Anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy strategies are also under development in UC and are discussed in this review. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed in UC. We review the various strategies under investigation and discuss how best to evaluate and optimize their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Bambury
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
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Shahinas D, Folefoc A, Pillai DR. Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Hsp90: Towards Reversing Antimalarial Resistance. Pathogens 2013; 2:33-54. [PMID: 25436880 PMCID: PMC4235713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria continues to exact a great human toll in tropical settings. Antimalarial resistance is rife and the parasite inexorably develops mechanisms to outwit our best drugs, including the now first-line choice, artesunate. Novel strategies to circumvent resistance are needed. Here we detail drug development focusing on heat shock protein 90 and its central role as a chaperone. A growing body of evidence supports the role for Hsp90 inhibitors as adjunctive drugs able to restore susceptibility to traditionally efficacious compounds like chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Shahinas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Asongna Folefoc
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Dylan R Pillai
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Pinto-Leite R, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Palmeira C, Colaço B, Lopes C, Colaço A, Costa C, da Silva VM, Oliveira P, Santos L. Everolimus combined with cisplatin has a potential role in treatment of urothelial bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 67:116-21. [PMID: 23433853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is a commonly treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, episodes of cisplatin resistance have been referenced. Recently it has been reported that everolimus (RAD001) could have an important role to play in bladder-cancer treatment and that mTOR inhibitors may restore chemosensitivity in resistant tumours. The aim of this study was to assess RAD001 in vitro ability to enhance CDDP cytotoxicity in three human bladder-cancer cell lines. Over the course of 72h, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of CDDP and RAD001, isolated or combined. Treatment with CDDP statistically (P<0.05) decreased cell proliferation in cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative activity of CDDP used in combination with RAD001 was statistically significant (P<0.05) in the cell lines at all concentrations tested. RAD001 had a therapeutic effect when used in combination with CDDP and could therefore be a useful anti-cancer drug combination for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosário Pinto-Leite
- Genetic Service, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-508, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Ho PL, Kurtova A, Chan KS. Normal and neoplastic urothelial stem cells: getting to the root of the problem. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:583-94. [PMID: 22890301 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most epithelial tissues contain self-renewing stem cells that mature into downstream progenies with increasingly limited differentiation potential. It is not surprising that cancers arising from such hierarchically organized epithelial tissues retain features of cellular differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that the urothelium of the urinary bladder is a hierarchically organized tissue, containing tissue-specific stem cells that are important for both normal homeostasis and injury response. The phenotypic and functional properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs; also known as tumour-initiating cells) from bladder cancer tissue have been studied in detail. Urothelial CSCs are not isolated by a 'one-marker-fits-all' approach; instead, various cell surface marker combinations (possibly reflecting the cell-of-origin) are used to isolate CSCs from distinct differentiation subtypes of urothelial carcinomas. Additional CSC markers, including cytokeratin 14 (CK14), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), and tumour protein 63 (p63), have revealed prognostic value for urothelial carcinomas. Signalling pathways involved in normal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are implicated in the malignant transformation of different subsets of urothelial carcinomas. Early expansion of primitive CK14+ cells--driven by genetic pathways such as STAT3--can lead to the development of carcinoma in situ, and CSC-enriched urothelial carcinomas are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Given that bladder CSCs are the proposed root of malignancy and drivers of cancer initiation and progression for urothelial carcinomas, these cells are ideal targets for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Levy Ho
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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