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Shi Y, Yu M, Qiu K, Kong T, Guo C, Zhang W, Chen D, Kong M. Immuno-modulation of tumor and tumor draining lymph nodes through enhanced immunogenic chemotherapy by nano-complexed hyaluronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol microneedle. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121491. [PMID: 38008469 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Certain chemo-drugs could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) activating T cell antitumor immunity while trigger indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upregulation suppressing immune responses. Moreover, to achieve therapeutic efficacies on both primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in the meantime is still a big challenge. In this study, transfersomes functionalized with a tumor targeting, cell penetrating peptide tLyp1 (CGNKRTR) was developed to co-encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX, ICD inducer) and 1MT (IDO inhibitor). The functionalized transfersomes were complexed with microneedles (MNs) to realize co-delivery towards primary tumors and TDLNs via transdermal administration. The transfersomes were concentrated in the needles of MNs and released with needle dissolution after insertion into skin. After being internalized by cells, DOX induced tumor ICD effect to promote DCs maturation and dramatically activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T), while 1MT inhibited IDO activity in DCs and reduced the immunosuppressive Tregs, thus mitigating tumor suppressive microenvironment. The nano-complexed microneedles exhibited 2.2-fold suppression in tumor growth compared with the I.V. group, which significantly enhanced anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kaijin Qiu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Katakai T. Yin and yang roles of B lymphocytes in solid tumors: Balance between antitumor immunity and immune tolerance/immunosuppression in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088129. [PMID: 36761946 PMCID: PMC9902938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of B cells in antitumor immunity has been reported to be either promotive or suppressive, but the specific mechanism remains to be comprehensively understood. However, this complicated situation likely depends on the temporal and spatial relationship between the developing tumor and B cells that recognize tumor antigens. Unlike responses against microbial or pathogenic infections, tumor cells are derived from autologous cells that have mutated and become aberrant; thus, elimination by the adaptive immune system is essentially inefficient. If tumor cells can evade immune attack at an early stage, non-destructive responses, such as tolerance and immunosuppression, are established over time. In tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), tumor antigen-reactive B cells potentially acquire immunoregulatory phenotypes and contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, triggering and enhancing antitumor responses by immunotherapies require selective control of these regulatory B cell subsets in TDLNs. In contrast, B cell infiltration and formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors are positively correlated with therapeutic prognosis, suggesting that tumor antigen-specific activation of B cells and antibody production are advantageous for antitumor immunity in mid- to late-stage tumors. Given that the presence of B cells in tumor tissues may reflect the ongoing antitumor response in TDLNs, therapeutic induction and enhancement of these lymphocytes are expected to increase the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, B cells are promising targets, but the spatiotemporal balance of the subsets that exhibit opposite characteristics, that is, the protumor or antitumor state in TDLNs, should be understood, and strategies to separately control their functions should be developed to maximize the clinical outcome.
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Norouzian M, Mehdipour F, Ashraf MJ, Khademi B, Ghaderi A. Regulatory and effector T cell subsets in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:56. [PMCID: PMC9664675 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A crucial role for the immune system has been proposed in the establishment and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we investigated the cytokine and regulatory profiles of T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of patients with HNSCC.
Results
The frequencies of CD4+TNF-α+ and CD4+TNF-αhi negatively were associated with poor prognostic factors such as LN involvement (P = 0.015 and P = 0.019, respectively), stage of the disease (P = 0.032 and P = 0.010, respectively) and tumor size (P = 0.026 and P = 0.032, respectively). Frequencies of CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ T cells showed negative relationship with tumor grade (P = 0.035 and P = 0.043, respectively). While, the frequencies of CD4+IL-4+, CD8+IL-10+, CD8+IL-4+T cells were higher in advanced stages of the disease (P = 0.042, P = 0.041 and P = 0.030, respectively) and CD4+IFN-γ+TNF-α−, CD8+IL-4+ and CD8+IFN-γ+TNF-α− T cells were higher in patients with larger tumor size (P = 0.026 and P = 0.032, respectively). Negative associations were found between the frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD127low/− Treg cells and cancer stage (P = 0.015 and P = 0.059).
Conclusion
This study shed more lights on the changes in immune profile of T cells in TDLNs of HNSCC. Larger tumor size and/or LN involvement were associated with lower frequencies of CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+TNF-α+ but higher frequency of CD4+IL-4+ T cells. Moreover, Foxp3+Tregs correlated with good prognostic indicators.
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Balouchi-Anaraki S, Mohammadsadeghi S, Norouzian M, Rasolmali R, Talei AR, Mehdipour F, Ghaderi A. Expression of Interleukin-21 and Interleukin-21 receptor in lymphocytes derived from tumor-draining lymph nodes of breast cancer. Breast Dis 2022; 41:373-382. [PMID: 36189580 DOI: 10.3233/bd-220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced by various cell types inducing positive and negative effects in immunity against tumors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of IL-21 by CD4+T and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) by B lymphocytes isolated from breast-tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). METHODS Fresh lymph node samples were obtained from 45 patients with breast cancer. To assess IL-21 expression, mononuclear cells were briefly stimulated whereas IL-21R expression was assessed in unstimulated B cells. Cells were stained with antibodies for CD4, IL-21, CD19 and IL-21R and acquired by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequency of IL-21+CD4+T cells did not show significant association with disease parameters. However, the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (gMFI) of IL-21 in CD4+T cells was significantly lower in patients with grade III tumor than grade I + II (P = 0.042). In non-involved LNs, the intensity of IL-21 was significantly higher in patients with stage II compared with stage III (P = 0.038) and correlated negatively with the number of involved LNs. The frequency of IL-21R+CD19+B cells was significantly higher in grade III than grade I + II (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION The higher intensity of IL-21 in CD4+T cells showed association with good prognosticators in breast cancer and warrants further investigation of the role played by IL-21 in immunity against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Balouchi-Anaraki
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Mohammadsadeghi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Norouzian
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Rasolmali
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Central Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdol-Rasoul Talei
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of a hollow mesoporous silica-based cancer vaccine and an immune checkpoint inhibitor at the local site. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:235-245. [PMID: 35398544 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors elicit durable tumor regression in multiple types of tumor, but may induce potential side effects with low response rates in many tumors. Herein, to increase the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) nanosphere-based cancer vaccine was combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) antibody. The HMS nanospheres function as adjuvants that promote dendritic cell activation and antigen cross-presentation. Mice immunized with the HMS-based cancer vaccine show suppressed tumor growth with increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in their spleens compared with those without HMS-based cancer vaccine. Moreover, the HMS-based cancer vaccine synergistically acts with the anti-PD-L1 antibody on the tumor. The combination of an HMS-based cancer vaccine and an antibody markedly decreases the required dose of the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Mice locally administered with the HMS-based cancer vaccine and 1/8 dose of a standard anti-PD-L1 antibody (25 µg/mouse) show comparable anti-tumor effect and significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations, compared with those systemically immunized with the standard anti-PD-L1 antibody done at 200 µg/mouse. Our work presents a promising cancer treatment strategy of combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with an HMS-based cancer vaccine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical benefits of checkpoint blockade therapy rekindle the hope of cancer immunotherapy. However, objective response rates in checkpoint blockade therapy remain at about 10-40% owing to multiple immunosuppressive factors. To solve these problems, herein, a hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) nanosphere-based cancer vaccine was combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1 antibody. The HMS-based cancer vaccine synergistically acts with the anti-PD-L1 antibody on the tumor. Mice locally administered with the HMS-based cancer vaccine and 1/8 dose of a standard anti-PD-L1 antibody (25 µg/mouse) show comparable anti-tumor effect and significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations, compared with those systemically immunized with the standard anti-PD-L1 antibody done at 200 µg/mouse. Our work presents a promising cancer treatment strategy of combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with an HMS-based cancer vaccine.
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Tumor draining lymph nodes, immune response, and radiotherapy: Towards a revisal of therapeutic principles. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Advancement of cancer immunotherapy using nanoparticles-based nanomedicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:624-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Strategies targeting tumor immune and stromal microenvironment and their clinical relevance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114137. [PMID: 35143893 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and development has been well-recognized after more than a century of studies. Numerous therapeutic approaches targeting TME are rapidly developed including those leveraging nanotechnology, which have been further accelerated since the emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapies in the past decade. While there are many reviews focusing on TME remodeling therapies via drug delivery and engineering strategies in animal models, state-of-the-art evaluation of clinical development states of TME-targeted therapeutics is rarely found. Here, we illustrate opportunities for integrating nano-delivery system for the development of TME-specific therapeutic regimen, followed by a comprehensive summary of the most up to date approved or clinically evaluated therapeutics targeting cellular and extracellular components within tumor immune and stromal microenvironment, including small molecule and monoclonal antibody drugs as well as nanomedicines. In the end, we also discuss challenges and possible solutions for clinical translation of TME-targeted nanomedicines.
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Short Review on Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:263-280. [PMID: 34596839 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become the new paradigm of cancer treatment. The introduction and discovery of various therapeutic agents have also accelerated the application of immunotherapy in clinical trials. However, despite the significant potency and demonstrated advantages of cancer immunotherapy, its clinical application to patients faces several safety and efficacy issues, including autoimmune reactions, cytokine release syndrome, and vascular leak syndrome-related issues. In addressing these problems, biomaterials traditionally used for tissue engineering and drug delivery are attracting attention. Among them, hydrogels can be easily injected into tumors with drugs, and they can minimize side effects by retaining immune therapeutics at the tumor site for a long time. This article reviews the status of functional hydrogels for effective cancer immunotherapy. First, we describe the basic mechanisms of cancer immunotherapy and the advantages of using hydrogels to apply these mechanisms. Next, we summarize recent advances in the development of functional hydrogels designed to locally release various immunotherapeutic agents, including cytokines, cancer immune vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the current problems and possible prospects of hydrogels for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Fransen MF, van Hall T, Ossendorp F. Immune Checkpoint Therapy: Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes in the Spotlights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9401. [PMID: 34502307 PMCID: PMC8431673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes play a paradoxical role in cancer. Surgeons often resect these sentinel lymph nodes to determine metastatic spread, thereby enabling prognosis and treatment. However, lymph nodes are vital organs for the orchestration of immune responses, due to the close encounters of dedicated immune cells. In view of the success of immunotherapy, the removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes needs to be re-evaluated and viewed in a different light. Recently, an important role for tumor-draining lymph nodes has been proposed in the immunotherapy of cancer. This new insight can change the use of immune checkpoint therapy, particularly with respect to the use in neoadjuvant settings in which lymph nodes are still operational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F. Fransen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
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11
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Zhang J, Jiang M, Li S, Zhang Z, Sun H, Yang F, Liang H. Developing a Novel Anticancer Gold(III) Agent to Integrate Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6777-6791. [PMID: 34000198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To effectively treat gastric cancer, we innovatively attempted to develop a metal agent to integrate immunotherapy and chemotherapy by dual targeting the cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on the specific residue of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs). We synthesized a series of Au(III) α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds and obtained a Au agent (5b) with remarkable cytotoxicity to gastric cancer cells; moreover, we successfully constructed a novel HSA-5b complex NP delivery system. Importantly, the in vivo results showed that 5b/HSA-5b NPs effectively inhibited gastric tumor growth and HSA-5b NPs enhanced the therapeutic efficiency, bioavailability, and targeting ability compared with those of 5b alone. Furthermore, the in vitro/in vivo results revealed that 5b/HSA-5b NPs could integrate chemotherapy and immunotherapy by synergistically attacking two different cellular components in TME at the same time, namely, polarizing the tumor-associated macrophages and inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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12
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Tang Y, Li X, Cao Y. Which factors matter the most? Revisiting and dissecting antibody therapeutic doses. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1980-1990. [PMID: 33895315 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Factors such as antibody clearance and target affinity can influence antibodies' effective doses for specific indications. However, these factors vary considerably across antibody classes, precluding direct and quantitative comparisons. Here, we apply a dimensionless metric, the therapeutic exposure affinity ratio (TEAR), which normalizes the therapeutic doses by antibody bioavailability, systemic clearance and target-binding property to enable direct and quantitative comparisons of therapeutic doses. Using TEAR, we revisited and dissected the doses of up to 60 approved antibodies. We failed to detect a significant influence of target baselines, turnovers or anatomical locations on antibody therapeutic doses, challenging the traditional perceptions. We highlight the importance of antibodies' modes of action for therapeutic doses and dose selections; antibodies that work through neutralizing soluble targets show higher TEARs than those working through other mechanisms. Overall, our analysis provides insights into the factors that influence antibody doses, and the factors that are crucial for antibodies' pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Modeling Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Therapeutic Antibodies: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030422. [PMID: 33800976 PMCID: PMC8003994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 90 approved drugs by 2020, therapeutic antibodies have played a central role in shifting the treatment landscape of many diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. While showing many therapeutic advantages such as long half-life and highly selective actions, therapeutic antibodies still face many outstanding issues associated with their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), including high variabilities, low tissue distributions, poorly-defined PK/PD characteristics for novel antibody formats, and high rates of treatment resistance. We have witnessed many successful cases applying PK/PD modeling to answer critical questions in therapeutic antibodies’ development and regulations. These models have yielded substantial insights into antibody PK/PD properties. This review summarized the progress, challenges, and future directions in modeling antibody PK/PD and highlighted the potential of applying mechanistic models addressing the development questions.
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Hu M, Zhang J, Kong L, Yu Y, Hu Q, Yang T, Wang Y, Tu K, Qiao Q, Qin X, Zhang Z. Immunogenic Hybrid Nanovesicles of Liposomes and Tumor-Derived Nanovesicles for Cancer Immunochemotherapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3123-3138. [PMID: 33470095 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exploring a rational delivery system of integrating chemotherapy with immunotherapy to broaden benefits of cancer immunochemotherapy is still under challenge. Herein, we developed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded biomimetic hybrid nanovesicles (DOX@LINV) via fusing artificial liposomes (LIPs) with tumor-derived nanovesicles (TNVs) for combinational immunochemotherapy. DOX@LINV with a homologous targeting ability could deliver DOX to tumor tissue and elicit an effective immunogenic cell death response to improve the immunogenicity of a tumor. Meanwhile, the preserved tumor antigens and endogenous danger signals in DOX@LINV activated dendritic cells and induced a subsequent antigen-specific T cell immune response. DOX@LINV displayed a specific antitumor effect on murine melanoma, Lewis lung cancer, and 4T1 breast cancer based on the infiltration of effector immune cells and improvement of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the combination of DOX@LINV with immune checkpoint inhibitor amplified antitumor efficacy with 33.3% of the mice being tumor-free. Therefore, the hybrid LINV is a promising drug delivery platform with a boosted antitumor immune response for effective immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yulin Yu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Tu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xianya Qin
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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15
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Jiang L, Jung S, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Ichimura T, Joseph J, Fiorina P, Liss AS, Shah K, Annabi N, Joshi N, Akama TO, Bromberg JS, Kobayashi M, Uchimura K, Abdi R. Simultaneous targeting of primary tumor, draining lymph node, and distant metastases through high endothelial venule-targeted delivery. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101045. [PMID: 33391389 PMCID: PMC7774643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with malignant involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant metastases have the poorest prognosis. A drug delivery platform that targets the primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastatic niches simultaneously, remains to be developed. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (MHA112) against peripheral node addressin (PNAd), a family of glycoproteins expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are present constitutively in the lymph nodes (LNs) and formed ectopically in the tumor stroma. MHA112 was endocytosed by PNAd-expressing cells, where it passed through the lysosomes. MHA112 conjugated antineoplastic drug Paclitaxel (Taxol) (MHA112-Taxol) delivered Taxol effectively to the HEV-containing tumors, TDLNs, and metastatic lesions. MHA112-Taxol treatment significantly reduced primary tumor size as well as metastatic lesions in a number of mouse and human tumor xenografts tested. These data, for the first time, indicate that human metastatic lesions contain HEVs and provide a platform that permits simultaneous targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to the three key sites of primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S. Liss
- Department of Surgery and the Andrew L. Warshaw, MD Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unit of Glycobiology Structures and Functions, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ghods A, Ghaderi A, Mehdipour F. Expression of TNFRs by B and T Lymphocytes in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2248:259-269. [PMID: 33185883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1130-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has crucial roles in the induction or inhibition of various biological activities in immune and nonimmune cells. This cytokine mainly exerts its effects via two receptors named TNFR1 (CD120a) and TNFR2 (CD120b). Both B and T cells express TNFRs; however, opposing roles have been reported for TNF-α in the adaptive immunity. Lymph nodes (LNs), as the secondary lymphoid organs, are one of the major places for the formation of immune responses against cancer. In this chapter, we explain the procedure as to how to isolate mononuclear cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes. In addition, we describe the process of surface staining with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for the assessment of the TNFRs expression by CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atri Ghods
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Li Q, Liu J, Fan H, Shi L, Deng Y, Zhao L, Xiang M, Xu Y, Jiang X, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. IDO-inhibitor potentiated immunogenic chemotherapy abolishes primary tumor growth and eradicates metastatic lesions by targeting distinct compartments within tumor microenvironment. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120388. [PMID: 33172606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic chemotherapy (IC) is a type of chemotherapy where certain chemodrugs induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD), which in turn arouses T cell antitumor immunity. However, IC concurrently upregulates a key immune suppressor, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), in both cancer cells and immune cells. IDO-mediated immunosuppression significantly offsets IC's therapeutic benefits in cancer patients, suggesting a necessity of combination with IDO inhibitors. Here, we report an enzyme-, pH-, and redox-triple-sensitive nanosystem using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a core encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX, an immunogenic chemodrug); the core is coated with a shell (β-CD-PEI/Ge1MT) for co-delivering 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1 MT, an IDO inhibitor). By using these responsivenesses sequentially triggering the release of 1 MT into tumor extracellular compartment and DOX into intracellular endo/lysosomal compartment, this nanosystem (DOX@GMTMSNs) precisely delivers the drugs to their target cells residing in different compartments. Released 1 MT uptake by IDO-expressing dendritic cells (DCs) and cancer cells suppresses IDO activity, reducing immunosuppressive Tregs' presence; DOX unloaded within cancer cells induces ICD, promoting effector T-cell infiltration. In two preclinical cancer models, DOX@GMTMSNs potentiate both tumor local and systemic antitumor immunity, suppressing primary tumor growth by 78% with an 83% reduction in metastatic foci, as well as extending animal survival, thus strongly demonstrating DOX@ GMTMSNs' clinical translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huiling Fan
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengxi Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yunruo Xu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Bronsert P, von Schoenfeld A, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Kraft S, Pfeiffer J, Erbes T, Werner M, Seidl M. High Numbers and Densities of PD1 + T-Follicular Helper Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Draining Lymph Nodes Are Associated with Lower Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175948. [PMID: 32824917 PMCID: PMC7504397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) display distinct morphologic changes depending on the breast cancer subtype. For triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), draining LNs display a higher amount of secondary lymphoid follicles, which can be regarded as a surrogate marker for an activated humoral immune response. In the present study, we focus on PD1+ T-follicular helper cells (Tfh) in TDLNs of TNBC, since PD1+ Tfh are drivers of the germinal center (GC) reaction. We quantified PD1+ Tfh in 22 sentinel LNs with 853 GCs and interfollicular areas from 19 patients with TNBC by morphometry from digitalized immunostained tissue sections. Overall survival was significantly worse for patients with a higher number and area density of PD1+ Tfh within GCs of TDLNs. Further, we performed T-cell receptor gamma chain (TRG) analysis from microdissected tissue in the primary tumor and TDLNs. Eleven patients showed the same TRG clones in the tumor and the LN. Five patients shared the same TRG clones in the tumor and the GCs. In two patients, those clones were highly enriched inside the GCs. Enrichment of identical TRG clones at the tumor site vs. the TDLN was associated with improved overall survival. TDLNs are important relays of cancer immunity and enable surrogate approaches to predict the outcome of TNBC itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bronsert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (A.v.S.); (J.V.H.); (M.W.)
- Tumorbank, Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Anna von Schoenfeld
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (A.v.S.); (J.V.H.); (M.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (A.v.S.); (J.V.H.); (M.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Kraft
- Center of Dermatopathology, Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Jens Pfeiffer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (A.v.S.); (J.V.H.); (M.W.)
- Tumorbank, Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (A.v.S.); (J.V.H.); (M.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Nicoud MB, Táquez Delgado MA, Sarasola MDLP, Vidal A, Speisky D, Cremaschi GA, Sterle HA, Medina VA. Impact of histamine H4 receptor deficiency on the modulation of T cells in a murine breast cancer model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:233-244. [PMID: 32700092 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is preferentially expressed in immune cells and is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed at further exploring the role of H4R in the immunobiology of breast cancer. METHODS We used wild type (WT) and H4R deficient mice (KO) to evaluate whether H4R genotypes show a different distribution of T cell subsets in spleens, tumours and tumour draining lymph nodes (TDLN) in a syngeneic ErbB2-positive breast cancer model developed orthotopically with LM3 cells and its impact on tumour growth. RESULTS The presence of tumours had a differential impact on the distribution of T cells in TDLN from KO mice compared to WT ones. At day 21 post-inoculation (p.i.) of cells, despite no significant changes in the tumour weight, TDLN from KO mice showed a significantly increased proportion of CD8+ T cells compared to WT mice. At day 38 p.i. of cells a reduced tumour weight was evident in KO mice. This was accompanied by a decreased proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in TDLN of KO compared to WT mice. Tumour-bearing KO mice showed a better survival compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS H4R-mediated mechanisms may modulate the immune tumour microenvironment, promoting an immunosuppressive milieu. Results suggest that H4R could be explored as an immunotherapeutic target with potential benefit in combination with immunotherapy. Further preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa B Nicoud
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Táquez Delgado
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de la Paz Sarasola
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Vidal
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Speisky
- Pathology Department, British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Division, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena A Sterle
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Division, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Medina
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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DeMaio A, Sterman D. Bronchoscopic intratumoural therapies for non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/200028. [PMID: 32554757 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0028-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has brought remarkable improvements in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with novel therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, although response rates remain suboptimal. Direct intratumoural injection of therapeutic agents via bronchoscopic approaches poses the unique ability to directly target the tumour microenvironment and offers several theoretical advantages over systemic delivery including decreased toxicity. Increases in understanding of the tumour microenvironment and cancer immunology have identified many potential options for intratumoural therapy, especially combination immunotherapies. Herein, we review advances in the development of novel bronchoscopic treatments for NSCLC over the past decade with a focus on the potential of intratumoural immunotherapy alone or in combination with systemic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DeMaio
- NYU PORT (Pulmonary Oncology Research Team), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Langone Health/NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Sterman
- NYU PORT (Pulmonary Oncology Research Team), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Langone Health/NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Calomarde-Rees L, García-Calatayud R, Requena Caballero C, Manrique-Silva E, Traves V, García-Casado Z, Soriano V, Kumar R, Nagore E. Risk Factors for Lymphatic and Hematogenous Dissemination in Patients With Stages I to II Cutaneous Melanoma. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 155:679-687. [PMID: 31042264 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance The lymphatic and the hematogenous pathways have been proposed for disease progression in cutaneous melanoma, but association with recurrence has not been studied separately to date. Objective To identify the risk factors associated with lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included 1177 patients with malignant melanoma treated at Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain. Data were retrieved from the melanoma database from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2015, and analyzed from June 1 to 30, 2018. Exposure Malignant melanoma at stages I to II. Main Outcomes and Measures Analyses of survival free of lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results For the 1177 patients included in the study analysis (51.1% women; median age at diagnosis, 55 years [interquartile range, 42-68 years), median follow-up was 75 months (interquartile range, 33-121 months); 108 (9.2%) developed lymphatic metastasis, and 108 (9.2%) developed hematogenous metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, being older than 55 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.1), tumor in the head/neck (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.9) and acral locations (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5), greater Breslow thickness (HR for >4.00 mm, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.4-12.4), and presence of vascular invasion (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 0.9-10.6) were associated with lymphatic spreading. Hematogenous metastasis was associated with greater Breslow thickness (HR for >4.00 mm, 10.4; 95% CI, 3.6-29.7), the absence of regression (HR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-1.0), TERT promoter mutations (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), and BRAF mutations (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6). Conclusions and Relevance Risk factors associated with lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis differ. Follow-up and adjuvant treatment strategies may therefore need to be adapted to individual clinical, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Víctor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Virtudes Soriano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
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22
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Sun Z, Song C, Wang C, Hu Y, Wu J. Hydrogel-Based Controlled Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment: A Review. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:373-391. [PMID: 31877054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging drug carrier, hydrogels have been widely used for tumor drug delivery. A hydrogel drug carrier can cause less severe side effects than systemic chemotherapy and can achieve sustained delivery of a drug at tumor sites. In addition, hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and lower toxicity than nanoparticle carriers. Smart hydrogels can respond to stimuli in the environment (e.g., heat, pH, light, and ultrasound), enabling in situ gelation and controlled drug release, which greatly enhance the convenience and efficiency of drug delivery. Here, we summarize the different sizes of hydrogels used for cancer treatment and their related delivery routes, discuss the design strategies for stimuli-responsive hydrogels, and review the research concerning smart hydrogels reported in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , 210046 Nanjing , China
| | - Chengjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China.,Institute of Drug R&D , Medical School of Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China.,Institute of Drug R&D , Medical School of Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China
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23
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Vuletić A, Jovanić I, Jurišić V, Milovanović Z, Nikolić S, Spurnić I, Konjević G. IL-2 And IL-15 Induced NKG2D, CD158a and CD158b Expression on T, NKT- like and NK Cell Lymphocyte Subsets from Regional Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:223-231. [PMID: 29948616 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regional lymph nodes (LN)s represent important immunological barriers in spreading of malignant tumors. However, they are the most frequent early metastatic site in melanoma. Immunomodulatory agents including cytokines have been included in therapy of melanoma and have shown severe side effects and toxicity. In this sense, there is a growing need for bringing these agents to further in vitro testing that may enlighten aspects of their regional application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, the two cytokines with similar immune-enhancing effects, on the expression of activating NKG2D, inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets from regional LNs of melanoma patients. In this study, we showed significant effects of IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine treatments on the expression of activating NKG2D and on inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on lymphocytes, CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets originating from regional LNs of melanoma patients. Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-15 by inducing the expression of NKG2D activating receptor on innate and on adaptive lymphocyte subsets and by augmenting NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity that correlated with the cytokine-induced NKG2D expression, increased antitumor potential of immune cells in regional LNs of melanoma patients irrespective of LN involvement. These findings indicate the importance of immune cell population from regional LNs of melanoma patients in the development of immune intervention strategies that may if applied locally increase antitumor potential to the level that controls tumor progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Irena Jovanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorka Milovanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Nikolić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Igor Spurnić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Gordana Konjević
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Ranasinghe SL, Rivera V, Boyle GM, McManus DP. Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the canine tapeworm as a potential therapeutic for melanoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16207. [PMID: 31700040 PMCID: PMC6838156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the tumor microenvironment to promote an effective immune response is critical in managing any type of tumor. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Potent protease inhibitors have recently been extensively researched as potential therapeutic agents against various cancers. EgKI-1 is a potent Kunitz type protease inhibitor identified from the canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus that has shown anti-cancer activities in vivo. In this study we show that EgKI-1 significantly reduced the growth of melanoma in the B16-F0 mouse model and was not toxic to normal surrounding tissue. Moreover, EgKI-1 treatment significantly reduced survivin expression levels and increased the CD8+ T cell population in draining axillary lymph nodes. Therefore, EgKI-1 potentially reduces tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, and has potential for development as an intra-lesional treatment for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwanthi L Ranasinghe
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, Cell & Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Norouzian M, Mehdipour F, Balouchi Anaraki S, Ashraf MJ, Khademi B, Ghaderi A. Atypical Memory and Regulatory B Cell Subsets in Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Correlate with Good Prognostic Factors. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:645-656. [PMID: 31691165 PMCID: PMC7413970 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of B cells in the development and modulation of antitumor immunity has increased in recent years; however, knowledge about B cell phenotype and function in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) is still incomplete. This study aimed to investigate changes in the phenotypic profile of B cells in TDLNs of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) during disease progression. Mononuclear cells were isolated from TDLNs and stained with antibodies for CD19 and other B cell-related markers and analyzed by flow cytometry. CD19+ B cells comprised 38.6 ± 8.9% of lymphocytes in TDLNs of HNSCC. Comparison of metastatic and non-metastatic LNs disclosed no significant differences in the frequencies of B cell subsets including antigen-experienced, naïve, switched, unswitched, atypical memory, marginal zone-like B cells, and B cells with regulatory phenotypes. The percentage of atypical memory (CD27-IgM-IgD-) B cells was significantly higher in patients with tongue SCC with no involved LNs (p = 0.033) and correlated inversely with the number of involved LNs. The frequency of CD24hiCD38hi B cells was significantly higher in non-metastatic LNs of patients with grade I compared to grade II (p = 0.016), and the percentage of CD5+ B cells decreased as tumors progressed from stage III to IV (p = 0.008). Our data show that in TDLNs of HNSCC, the frequency of B cells with atypical memory and regulatory phenotypes was significantly associated with good prognostic factors; however, their function remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Norouzian
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Balouchi Anaraki
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Oral Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-3119, Shiraz, Iran
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Lynn GM, Laga R, Jewell CM. Induction of anti-cancer T cell immunity by in situ vaccination using systemically administered nanomedicines. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:192-203. [PMID: 31185250 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inadequate anti-cancer T cell responses experience limited benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies that require T cells. Therefore, treatments that induce de novo anti-cancer T cell immunity are needed. One strategy - referred to as in situ vaccination - is to deliver chemotherapeutic or immunostimulatory drugs into tumors to promote cancer cell death and provide a stimulatory environment for priming T cells against antigens already present in the tumor. However, achieving sufficient drug concentrations in tumors without causing dose-limiting toxicities remains a major challenge. To address this challenge, nanomedicines based on nano-sized carriers ('nanocarriers') of chemotherapeutics and immunostimulants are being developed to improve drug accumulation in tumors following systemic (intravenous) administration. Herein, we present the rationale for using systemically administrable nanomedicines to induce anti-cancer T cell immunity via in situ vaccination and provide an overview of synthetic nanomedicines currently used clinically. We also describe general strategies for improving nanomedicine design to increase tumor uptake, including use of micelle- and star polymer-based nanocarriers. We conclude with perspectives for how nanomedicine properties, host factors and treatment combinations can be leveraged to maximize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Lynn
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Avidea Technologies, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Executive Office, Suite N9E17, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Ghods A, Ghaderi A, Shariat M, Talei AR, Mehdipour F. TNFR2 but not TNFR1 is the main TNFR expressed by B and T lymphocytes in breast cancer draining lymph nodes. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Laplane L, Duluc D, Bikfalvi A, Larmonier N, Pradeu T. Beyond the tumour microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2611-2618. [PMID: 30989643 PMCID: PMC6766895 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the once dominant tumour-centric view of cancer, increasing attention is now being paid to the tumour microenvironment (TME), generally understood as the elements spatially located in the vicinity of the tumour. Thinking in terms of TME has proven extremely useful, in particular because it has helped identify and comprehend the role of nongenetic and noncell-intrinsic factors in cancer development. Yet some current approaches have led to a TME-centric view, which is no less problematic than the former tumour-centric vision of cancer, insofar as it tends to overlook the role of components located beyond the TME, in the 'tumour organismal environment' (TOE). In this minireview, we highlight the explanatory and therapeutic shortcomings of the TME-centric view and insist on the crucial importance of the TOE in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Laplane
- INSERM UMR 1170, Normal and Pathological Hematopoiesis, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR8590, Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Techniques, Paris, France.,Department of Philosophy, University Pantheon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Duluc
- CNRS UMR5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- CNRS UMR8590, Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Techniques, Paris, France.,Department of Philosophy, University Pantheon-Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Department of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1029, Angiogenesis and Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- CNRS UMR8590, Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Techniques, Paris, France.,Department of Philosophy, University Pantheon-Sorbonne, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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29
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Liu W, Wong-Noonan S, Pham NB, Pradhan I, Spigelmyer A, Funk R, Nedzesky J, Cohen H, Gawalt ES, Fan Y, Meng WS. A genetically engineered Fc-binding amphiphilic polypeptide for congregating antibodies in vivo. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:211-223. [PMID: 30822553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an affinity-based hydrogel used in creating subcutaneous depots of antibodies in vivo. The biomaterials design centered on pG_EAK, a polypeptide we designed and expressed in E. coli. The sequence consists of a truncated protein G (pG) genetically fused with repeats of the amphiphilic sequence AEAEAKAK ("EAK"). Capture of IgG was demonstrated in vitro in gels prepared from admixing pG_EAK and EAK ("pG_EAK/EAK gel"). The binding affinities and kinetics of pG for IgG were recapitulated in the pG_EAK polypeptide. Injecting IgG antibodies formulated with pG_EAK/EAK gel into subcutaneous space resulted in retention of the antibodies at the site for at least six days, whereas only signal at background levels was detected in grafts injected with IgG formulated in saline or diffusion-driven gel. The local retention of IgG in pG_EAK/EAK gel was correlated with limited distribution of the antibody in liver, spleen and lymph nodes, in contrast to those injected with antibodies formulated in saline or non-Fc binding EAK gel. In addition, antibodies formulated with pG_EAK/EAK gel and injected in mouse footpads were found to retain at the site for 19 days. As a demonstration of potential bioengineering applications, thymic epithelial cells (TECs), the primary population of thymic stromal cells that are critical for the development of T-lymphocytes, were mixed with pG_EAK/EAK gel formulated with TEC-specific anti-EpCAM antibodies and injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. The injected TECs congregated into functional thymic units in vivo, supporting the development of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the mice. In conclusion, pG_EAK/EAK gel can be used to retain IgG locally in vivo, and can be tailored as scaffolds for controlling deposition of molecular and/or cellular therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The unique concept of the work centers on the genetic fusion of an Fc-binding domain and a self-assembling domain into a single polypeptide. To our knowledge, such bi-functional peptide has not been reported in the literature. The impact of the work lies in the ability to display IgG antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins of any specificity. The data shown demonstrate the platform can be used to localize IgG in vivo, and can be tailored for controlling deposition of primary thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The results support a biomaterials-based strategy by which TECs can be delivered as functional units to support T-lymphocyte development in vivo. The platform described in the study may serve as an important tool for immune engineering.
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Deng C, Zhang Q, Jia M, Zhao J, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. Tumors and Their Microenvironment Dual-Targeting Chemotherapy with Local Immune Adjuvant Therapy for Effective Antitumor Immunity against Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801868. [PMID: 30937266 PMCID: PMC6425447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy turns tumor cells into "tumor vaccines" by immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, it remains a challenge to exploit chemotherapy-induced "tumor vaccines" for solid cancer immunotherapy due to the inefficient effector T cells activation and tumor microenvironment immunosuppression. Here, a matrix metalloprotease 2 responsive liposome (PEG-FA-Lip) composed of cleavable PEG chains covering the folate (FA)-modified liposome is developed to deliver ICD inducer doxorubicin. In breast cancer-bearing mice, PEG-FA-Lip targets both 4T1 breast cancer cells and M2-tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) via FA-receptor mediated endocytosis, resulting in abundant "tumor vaccines" and efficient elimination of M2-TAMs. The combination of local cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) therapy facilitates PEG-FA-Lip induced "tumor vaccines" to effectively arouse systematic effector T cells immune response through promoting dendritic cell maturation and immunostimulatory cytokines secretion. The simultaneous elimination of M2-TAMs ensures the activated effector T cells exert antitumor immunity within tumor via decreasing immunosuppressive cytokines secretion and tumor infiltration of Treg cells. After receiving the combined treatment, 30.1% of breast cancer-bearing mice (initial tumor volume > 100 mm3) achieves the goal of tumor eradication. Remarkably, this combination therapy greatly inhibits lung metastasis and controls the growth of already metastasized breast cancers (initial tumor volume > 100 mm3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of PharmacyChengdu Medical CollegeChengdu610083China
| | - Mengdi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
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31
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Lee ES, Shin JM, Son S, Ko H, Um W, Song SH, Lee JA, Park JH. Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801320. [PMID: 30666822 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, since it facilitates eradication of cancer by enhancing innate and/or adaptive immunity without using cytotoxic drugs. Of the immunotherapeutic approaches, significant clinical potentials are shown in cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cell transfer. Nevertheless, conventional immunotherapies often involve immune-related adverse effects, such as liver dysfunction, hypophysitis, type I diabetes, and neuropathy. In an attempt to address these issues, polymeric nanomedicines are extensively investigated in recent years. In this review, recent advances in polymeric nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and thoroughly discussed in terms of 1) antigen presentation, 2) activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells, and 3) promotion of effector cells. Also, the future perspectives to develop ideal nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Song
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ah Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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32
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Fransen MF, Schoonderwoerd M, Knopf P, Camps MG, Hawinkels LJ, Kneilling M, van Hall T, Ossendorp F. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are pivotal in PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint therapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124507. [PMID: 30518694 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint therapy for cancer is commonly considered to act by reactivating T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present data from 2 mouse tumor models demonstrating an essential involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes in PD-1 and PD-L1 therapeutic efficacy. Immune activation induced by checkpoint treatment was predominantly observed in the tumor-draining, but not nondraining, lymph nodes and was reflected in local accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Surgical resection of these lymph nodes, but not contralateral lymph nodes, abolished therapy-induced tumor regressions and was associated with decreased immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, inhibitor FTY720, which locks lymphocytes in lymph organs, also abrogated checkpoint therapy, suggesting that the tumor-draining lymph nodes function as sites of T cell invigoration required for checkpoint blockade therapy. Now that PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint treatment is applied in earlier clinical stages of cancer, our preclinical data advocate for enrolling patients with their tumor-draining lymph nodes still in place, to optimally engage the antitumor immune response and thereby enhance clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Philipp Knopf
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Gm Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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Liang R, Liu L, He H, Chen Z, Han Z, Luo Z, Wu Z, Zheng M, Ma Y, Cai L. Oxygen-boosted immunogenic photodynamic therapy with gold nanocages@manganese dioxide to inhibit tumor growth and metastases. Biomaterials 2018; 177:149-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Combinatory therapy adopting nanoparticle-based cancer vaccination with immune checkpoint blockade for treatment of post-surgical tumor recurrences. J Control Release 2018; 285:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Immunomodulatory role of histamine H4 receptor in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:128-138. [PMID: 29988113 PMCID: PMC6325108 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the role of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in immune cells is being extensively investigated, its immunomodulatory function in cancer is completely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of H4R in antitumour immunity in a model of triple-negative breast cancer. Methods We evaluated growth parameters, histological characteristics and the composition of tumour, splenic and tumour draining lymph node (TDLN) immune subsets, in a syngeneic model, developed orthotopically with 4T1 cells in H4R knockout (H4R-KO) and wild-type mice. Results Mice lacking H4R show reduced tumour size and weight, decreased number of lung metastases and percentage of CD4+ tumour-infiltrating T cells, while exhibiting increased infiltration of NK cells and CD19+ lymphocytes. Likewise, TDLN of H4R-KO mice show decreased CD4+ T cells and T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and increased percentages of NK cells. Finally, H4R-deficient mice show decreased Tregs in spleens and non-draining lymph nodes, and a negative correlation between tumour weight and the percentages of CD4+, CD19+ and NK splenic cells, suggesting that H4R also regulates antitumour immunity at a systemic level. Conclusions This is the first report that demonstrates the participation of H4R in antitumour immunity, suggesting that H4R could be a target for cancer treatment.
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Dahlén E, Veitonmäki N, Norlén P. Bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2018; 6:3-17. [PMID: 29998217 DOI: 10.1177/2515135518763280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the clinical success of immune checkpoint antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 in cancer treatment, bispecific antibodies are now emerging as a growing class of immunotherapies with potential to further improve clinical efficacy and safety. We describe three classes of immunotherapeutic bispecific antibodies: (a) cytotoxic effector cell redirectors; (b) tumor-targeted immunomodulators; and (c) dual immunomodulators. Cytotoxic effector cell redirectors are dominated by T-cell redirecting compounds, bispecific compounds engaging a tumor-associated antigen and the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, thereby redirecting T-cell cytotoxicity to malignant cells. This is the most established class of bispecific immunotherapies, with two compounds having reached the market and numerous compounds in clinical development. Tumor-targeted immunomodulators are bispecific compounds binding to a tumor-associated antigen and an immunomodulating receptor, such as CD40 or 4-1BB. Such compounds are usually designed to be inactive until binding the tumor antigen, thereby localizing immune stimulation to the tumor environment, while minimizing immune activation elsewhere. This is expected to induce powerful activation of tumor-specific T cells with reduced risk of immune-related adverse events. Finally, dual immunomodulators are bispecific compounds that bind two distinct immunomodulating targets, often combining targeting of PD-1 or PD-L1 with that of LAG-3 or TIM-3. The rationale is to induce superior tumor immunity compared to monospecific antibodies to the same targets. In this review, we describe each of these classes of bispecific antibodies, and present examples of compounds in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dahlén
- Alligator Bioscience, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Per Norlén
- Alligator Bioscience, 22381 Lund, Sweden
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37
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Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor-draining lymph nodes of breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 75:81-90. [PMID: 29447919 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) are both immunosuppressive proteins. Here, we investigated the relationship between PD-1 and IDO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in breast cancer patients. First, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PD-1 and IDO in 20 frozen tissues were examined using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Second, 151 paraffin-embedded breast samples and 52 lymph node samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Third, correlation and survival data for PD-1 and IDO in 963 breast tumor patients were mined using the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal. We found that the protein expression level of IDO was significantly increased in frozen tumor tissues (P = .005). From paraffin-embedded samples in the TME, PD-1+ cells were only located in the stroma, while IDO was expressed in myoepithelial, stromal, and tumor cells. PD-1 and stromal IDO in the TME showed increased expression in tumors (P< .001 and P < .001, respectively). In TDLNs, PD-1+ cells were primarily located in the germinal centers (GCs), and IDO+ cells were primarily located in the paracortex. Normal lymph nodes expressed PD-1 and IDO at the same level as non-metastatic and metastatic lymph nodes (P = .151 and P = .812, respectively). According to cBioPortal, the correlation analysis showed that IDO and PD-1 had high correlation coefficients (r = 0.83). These findings suggest that there is a positive correlation between the expression of PD-1 and IDO and that blocking both PD-1 and IDO pathways may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy in breast cancer treatment.
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38
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T-Cell Therapy Enabling Adenoviruses Coding for IL2 and TNFα Induce Systemic Immunomodulation in Mice With Spontaneous Melanoma. J Immunother 2017; 39:343-354. [PMID: 27741089 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors renders adoptively transferred T cells hypofunctional. However, adenoviral delivery of immunostimulatory cytokines IL2 and TNFα can significantly improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy. Using ret transgenic mice that spontaneously develop skin malignant melanoma, we analyzed the mechanism of action of adenoviruses coding for IL2 and TNFα in combination with adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic TRP-2-specific T cells. Following T-cell therapy and intratumoral virus injection, a significant increase in antigen-experienced, tumor-reactive PD-1 CD8 T cells was seen in both cutaneous lesions and in metastatic lymph nodes. A reverse correlation between tumor weight and the number of tumor-reactive PD-1 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was observed, suggesting that these T cells could target and kill tumor cells. It is interesting to note that, local expression of cytokines did not affect intratumoral levels of T-regulatory cells (Tregs), which had previously been associated with systemic IL2 therapy. Instead, Ad5-IL2 induced upregulation of IL2 receptor α-chain (CD25) on conventional CD4CD25Foxp3 cells, indicating that these CD4 T cells may contribute to CD8 T-cell activation and/or homing. Signs of therapy-induced resistance were also observed as the expression of PD-L1 on tumor-infiltrating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells was upregulated as a reaction to PD-1+ TILs. Finally, beneficial ratios between tumor-reactive PD-1 CD8 TILs and immunosuppressive cell subsets (Tregs and nitric oxide-producing myeloid-derived suppressor cells) were observed in primary and secondary tumor sites, indicating that local delivery of IL2 and TNFα coding adenoviruses can systemically modify the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment in favor of adoptively transferred T cells.
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Allen F, Rauhe P, Askew D, Tong AA, Nthale J, Eid S, Myers JT, Tong C, Huang AY. CCL3 Enhances Antitumor Immune Priming in the Lymph Node via IFNγ with Dependency on Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1390. [PMID: 29109732 PMCID: PMC5660298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) plays a critical role in tumor cell survival outside of the primary tumor sites and dictates overall clinical response in many tumor types (1, 2). Previously, we and others have demonstrated that CCL3 plays an essential role in orchestrating T cell—antigen-presenting cell (APC) encounters in the draining LN following vaccination, and such interactions enhance the magnitude of the memory T cell pool (3–5). In the current study, we investigate the cellular responses in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of a CCL3-secreting CT26 colon tumor (L3TU) as compared to wild-type tumor (WTTU) during the priming phase of an antitumor response (≤10 days). In comparison to WTTU, inoculation of L3TU resulted in suppressed tumor growth, a phenomenon that is accompanied by altered in vivo inflammatory responses on several fronts. Autologous tumor-derived CCL3 (aCCL3) secretion by L3TU bolstered the recruitment of T- and B-lymphocytes, tissue-migratory CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), and CD49b+ natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in significant increases in the differentiation and activation of multiple Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-producing leukocytes in the TDLN. During this early phase of immune priming, NK cells constitute the major producers of IFNγ in the TDLN. CCL3 also enhances CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation by augmenting DC capacity to drive T cell activation in the TDLN. Our results revealed that CCL3-dependent IFNγ production and CCL3-induced DC maturation drive the priming of effective antitumor immunity in the TDLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Allen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter Rauhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David Askew
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alexander A Tong
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Nthale
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Caryn Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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40
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Administration of low-dose combination anti-CTLA4, anti-CD137, and anti-OX40 into murine tumor or proximal to the tumor draining lymph node induces systemic tumor regression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 67:47-60. [PMID: 28905118 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of immunomodulators directly into the tumor potentially harnesses the existing antigen, tumor-specific infiltrating lymphocytes, and antigen presenting cells. This can confer specificity and generate a potent systemic anti-tumor immune response with lower doses and less toxicity compared to systemic administration, in effect an in situ vaccine. Here, we test this concept using the novel combination of immunomodulators anti-CTLA4, -CD137, and -OX40. The triple combination administered intratumorally at low doses to one tumor of a dual tumor mouse model had dramatic local and systemic anti-tumor efficacy in lymphoma (A20) and solid tumor (MC38) models, consistent with an abscopal effect. The minimal effective dose was 10 μg each. The effect was dependent on CD8 T-cells. Intratumoral administration resulted in superior local and distant tumor control compared to systemic routes, supporting the in situ vaccine concept. In a single tumor A20 model, injection close to the tDLN resulted in similar efficacy as intratumoral and significantly better than targeting a non-tDLN, supporting the role of the tDLN as a viable immunotherapy target in addition to the tumor itself. Distribution studies confirmed expected concentration of antibodies in tumor and tDLN, in keeping with the anti-tumor results. Overall intratumoral or peri-tDLN administration of the novel combination of anti-CTLA4, anti-CD137, and anti-OX40, all agents in the clinic or clinical trials, demonstrates potent systemic anti-tumor effects. This immunotherapeutic combination is promising for future clinical development via both these safe and highly efficacious routes of administration.
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can successfully promote long-term anticancer immune responses, although there is still only a limited number of patients who benefit from such treatment, and it can sometimes have severe treatment-associated adverse events. Compared with systemic immunomodulation, local immunomodulation may enable more effective treatment at lower doses and, at the same time, prevent systemic toxicity. Local delivery of engineered three-dimensional scaffolds may fulfil this role by acting as synthetic immune niches that boost anticancer immunity. In this Opinion article, we highlight the potential of scaffold-based adoptive cell transfer and scaffold-based cancer vaccines that, although applied locally, can promote systemic antitumour immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how scaffold-based cancer immunotherapy may contribute to the development of the next generation of cancer treatments.
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Lievense LA, Sterman DH, Cornelissen R, Aerts JG. Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:274-282. [PMID: 28252315 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201608-1755ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment modality in cancer. The most success has been achieved with the class of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), antibodies that unleash the antitumor immune response. After the success in melanoma, numerous clinical trials are being conducted investigating CPIs in lung cancer and mesothelioma. The programmed death protein (PD) 1-PD ligand 1/2 pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 are currently the most studied immunotherapeutic targets in these malignancies. In non-small cell lung cancer, anti-PD-1 antibodies have become part of the approved treatment arsenal. In small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma, the efficacy of checkpoint inhibition has not yet been proven. In this Concise Clinical Review, an overview of the landmark clinical trials investigating checkpoint blockade in lung cancer and mesothelioma is provided. Because response rates are around 20% in the majority of clinical trials, there is much room for improvement. Predictive biomarkers are therefore essential to fully develop the potential of CPIs. To increase efficacy, multiple clinical trials investigating the combination of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors and PD-1/PD ligand 1 blockade in lung cancer and mesothelioma are being conducted. Given the potential benefit of immunotherapy, implementation of current and new knowledge in trial designs and interpretation of results is essential for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne A Lievense
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; and
| | - Daniel H Sterman
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim G Aerts
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; and
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Aldrich MB, Velasquez FC, Kwon S, Azhdarinia A, Pinkston K, Harvey BR, Chan W, Rasmussen JC, Ross RF, Fife CE, Sevick-Muraca EM. Lymphatic delivery of etanercept via nanotopography improves response to collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:116. [PMID: 28566090 PMCID: PMC5452411 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests lymphatic function mediates local rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares. Yet biologics that target the immune system are dosed systemically via the subcutaneous (SC) administration route, thereby inefficiently reaching local lymphatic compartments. Nanotopography has previously been shown to disrupt tight cellular junctions, potentially enhancing local lymphatic delivery and potentially improving overall therapeutic efficacy. Method We first characterized nanotopography (SOFUSA™) delivery of an anti-TNF drug, etanercept, by comparing pharmacokinetic profiles to those obtained by conventional SC, intravenous (IV), and intradermal (ID) routes of administration, and assessed uptake of radiolabeled etanercept in draining lymph nodes (LNs) in single dosing studies. We then compared etanercept efficacy in a progressive rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), administered systemically via SC route of administration; via the regional lymphatics through ID delivery; or through a nanotopography (SOFUSA™) device at 10, 12, and 14 days post CIA induction. Measurements of hind limb swelling and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of afferent lymph pumping function and reflux were conducted on days 11, 13, and 18 post CIA induction and compared to untreated CIA animals. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used to compare the group differences for percentage swelling and lymphatic contractile activity. Results Even though all three modes of administration delivered an equal amount of etanercept, SOFUSA™ delivery resulted in increased lymphatic pumping and significantly reduced swelling as compared to untreated, ID, and SC groups. Pharmacokinetic profiles in serum and LN uptake studies showed that using the nanotopography device resulted in the greatest uptake and retention in draining LNs. Conclusions Locoregional lymphatic delivery of biologics that target the immune system may have more favorable pharmacodynamics than SC or IV administration. Nanotopography may provide a more efficient method for delivery of anti-TNF drugs to reverse impairment of lymphatic function and reduce swelling associated with RA flares. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1323-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Aldrich
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fred C Velasquez
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sunkuk Kwon
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Pinkston
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barrett R Harvey
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John C Rasmussen
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Caroline E Fife
- The Wound Care Clinic, CHI St. Luke's Health, The Woodlands Hospital, The Woodlands, TX, 77382, USA
| | - E M Sevick-Muraca
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Liu L, Yi H, He H, Pan H, Cai L, Ma Y. Tumor associated macrophage-targeted microRNA delivery with dual-responsive polypeptide nanovectors for anti-cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 134:166-179. [PMID: 28463694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Repolarizing Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 macrophages with microRNA (miR) is a plausible approach for cancer treatment. However, how to achieve TAM-targeted miR delivery remains a challenge. The present study generated redox/pH dual-responsive hybrid polypeptide nanovectors, which consisted of self-crosslinked redox-responsive nanoparticles based on galactose-functionalized n-butylamine-poly(l-lysine)-b-poly(l-cysteine) polypeptides (GLC) coated with DCA-grafted sheddable PEG-PLL (sPEG) copolymers. The ex vivo study showed that sPEG shielded cationic GLC core at physiological pH but quickly shed off to re-expose GLC due to it charge reversible property. Encapsulation with sPEG/GLC nanovectors effectively facilitated macrophage-targeted miR delivery at the acidic condition but diminished miR uptake at neutral pH. Administration of miR155-loaded sPEG/GLC (sPEG/GLC/155) nanocomplexes increased miR155 expression in TAMs about 100-400 folds both in vitro and in vivo. sPEG/GLC/155 also effectively repolarized immunosuppressive TAMs to anti-tumor M1 macrophages through elevating M1 macrophage markers (IL-12, iNOS, MHC II) and suppressing M2 macrophage markers (Msr2 and Arg1) in TAMs. Moreover, the treatment of sPEG/GLC/155 significantly increased activated T lymphocytes and NK cells in tumors, which consequently led to robust tumor regression. Hence, TAM-targeted delivery of miR with redox/pH dual-responsive sPEG/GLC nanovectors could be a promising approach to re-polarize TAMs to M1 macrophages in situ and induce tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Liu
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Huqiang Yi
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Huamei He
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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45
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Markiewski MM, Vadrevu SK, Sharma SK, Chintala NK, Ghouse S, Cho JH, Fairlie DP, Paterson Y, Astrinidis A, Karbowniczek M. The Ribosomal Protein S19 Suppresses Antitumor Immune Responses via the Complement C5a Receptor 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2989-2999. [PMID: 28228558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about factors that initiate immunosuppression in tumors and act at the interface between tumor cells and host cells. In this article, we report novel immunosuppressive properties of the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), which is upregulated in human breast and ovarian cancer cells and released from apoptotic tumor cells, whereupon it interacts with the complement C5a receptor 1 expressed on tumor infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. This interaction promotes tumor growth by facilitating recruitment of these cells to tumors. RPS19 also induces the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, including TGF-β, by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes, leading to T cell responses skewed toward Th2 phenotypes. RPS19 promotes generation of regulatory T cells while reducing infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors. Reducing RPS19 in tumor cells or blocking the C5a receptor 1-RPS19 interaction decreases RPS19-mediated immunosuppression, impairs tumor growth, and delays the development of tumors in a transgenic model of breast cancer. This work provides initial preclinical evidence for targeting RPS19 for anticancer therapy enhancing antitumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Sharad K Sharma
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Navin Kumar Chintala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
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46
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Rohner NA, Thomas SN. Flexible Macromolecule versus Rigid Particle Retention in the Injected Skin and Accumulation in Draining Lymph Nodes Are Differentially Influenced by Hydrodynamic Size. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:153-159. [PMID: 29888321 PMCID: PMC5990040 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunomodulation in the skin, its draining lymph nodes, or both tissues simultaneously using an intradermal administration scheme is desirable for a variety of therapeutic scenarios. To inform how drug carriers comprising engineered biomaterials can be leveraged to improve treatment efficacy by enhancing the selective accumulation or retention of payload within these target tissues, we analyzed the influence of particle versus macromolecule hydrodynamic size on profiles of retention in the site of dermal injection as well as the corresponding extent of accumulation in draining lymph nodes and systemic off-target tissues. Using a panel of fluorescently labeled tracers comprising inert polymers that are resistant to hydrolysis and proteolytic degradation that span a size range of widely used drug carrier systems, we find that macromolecule but not rigid particle retention within the skin is size-dependent, whereas the relative dermal enrichment compared to systemic tissues increases with size for both tracer types. Additionally, macromolecules 10 nm in hydrodynamic size and greater accumulate in draining lymph nodes more extensively and selectively than particles, suggesting that intra- versus extracellular availability of delivered payload within draining lymph nodes may be influenced by both the size and form of engineered drug carriers. Our results inform how biomaterial-based drug carriers can be designed to enhance the selective exposure of formulated drug in target tissues to improve the therapeutic efficacy as well as minimize off-target effects of locoregional immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Andrew Rohner
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Susan Napier Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Shirota H, Klinman DM, Ito SE, Ito H, Kubo M, Ishioka C. IL4 from T Follicular Helper Cells Downregulates Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 5:61-71. [PMID: 27920023 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells constitute a large fraction of the tumor microenvironment and modulate tumor progression. Clinical data indicate that chronic inflammation is present at tumor sites and that IL4 in particular is upregulated. Here, we demonstrate that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells arise in tumor-draining lymph nodes where they produce an abundance of IL4. Deletion of IL4-expressing Tfh cells improves antitumor immunity, delays tumor growth, and reduces the generation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the lymph nodes. These findings suggest that IL4 from Tfh cells affects antitumor immunity and constitutes an attractive therapeutic target to reduce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, and thus enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 61-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Shirota
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Dennis M Klinman
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shuku-Ei Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Fletcher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2T, UK
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
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49
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Heeren AM, de Boer E, Bleeker MCG, Musters RJP, Buist MR, Kenter GG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Nodal metastasis in cervical cancer occurs in clearly delineated fields of immune suppression in the pelvic lymph catchment area. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32484-93. [PMID: 26431490 PMCID: PMC4741707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In cervical cancer, high frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immunosuppressive PD-L1+CD14+ antigen-presenting cells dominate the microenvironment of tumor-positive lymph nodes (LN+). It is unknown whether this is restricted to LN+ or precedes metastasis, emanating from the primary tumor and spreading through tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). To investigate immunosuppression in the lymphatic basin of cervical tumors, all dissected TDLNs of five cervical cancer patients (in total 9 LN+ and 74 tumor-negative lymph nodes (LN−)) were analyzed for FoxP3+ Tregs, CD8+ T cells, HLA-DR+- and PD-L1+ myeloid cells by immunohistochemistry. Tregs and PD-L1+ cells were found to form an immunosuppressive cordon around metastatic tumor cells. Importantly, whereas high HLA-DR+- and PD-L1+ cell rates were strongly associated with LN+, elevated Treg levels and decreased CD8+ T cell/Treg ratios were found similar in LN+ and adjacent LN−, as compared to LN− at more distant anatomical localizations. These data suggest that delineated fields of Treg-associated immune suppression in anatomically co-localized TDLNs enable metastasis by creating metastatic niches. This may be of importance for decision-making regarding (surgical) intervention in cervical cancer. Future efforts should include the implementation of immunotherapeutic regimens to overcome this immune suppression, establish loco-regional control and halt systemic tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marijne Heeren
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline de Boer
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marrije R Buist
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Gynecology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang RX, Zhang Y, Ou QJ, Li JQ, Jiang ZZ, Wu XJ, Fang YJ, Zheng L. CD169 identifies an activated CD8(+) T cell subset in regional lymph nodes that predicts favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1177690. [PMID: 27622027 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1177690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD169 was first identified on macrophages (Mϕ) and linked to antigen presentation. Here, we showed CD169 expression on some CD8(+) T lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes (LNs) and investigated the function and clinical relevance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells in tumor-draining LNs of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fresh tumor-draining LN tissues from 39 randomly enrolled patients were assessed by flow cytometry for activation and differentiation of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells and T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. In total, 114 tumor-draining LN paraffin sections from CRC patients were analyzed by multiple-color immunofluorescence for CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell distribution and clinical values. The prognostic significance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A fraction of CD8(+) T cells in regional LNs, but not peripheral blood, tonsils, or tumors, expressed surface CD169. In situ detection of draining LNs revealed preferential localization of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells to subcapsular sinus and interfollicular regions, closely associated with CD169(+) Mϕ. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell ratios were significantly lower in peri-tumor LNs than distant-tumor LNs. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells predominantly expressed activation markers (CD69, HLA-DR, PD-1) with slightly lower CD45RA and CD62L levels. They produced high granzyme B, perforin, TNF-α, and IFNγ levels, and promoted tumor-killing efficiency ex vitro. Moreover, CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells infiltrating tumor-draining LNs decreased with disease progression and were strongly associated with CRC patient survival. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel activated/cytolytic CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells selectively present in regional LNs, potentially serving as a powerful prognostic factor and indicator for selecting patients for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jin-Qing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ze-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
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