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Abstract
Since the publication of the first genome-wide association study for cancer in 2007, thousands of common alleles that are associated with the risk of cancer have been identified. The relative risk associated with individual variants is small and of limited clinical significance. However, the combined effect of multiple risk variants as captured by polygenic scores (PGSs) may be much greater and therefore provide risk discrimination that is clinically useful. We review the considerable research efforts over the past 15 years for developing statistical methods for PGSs and their application in large-scale genome-wide association studies to develop PGSs for various cancers. We review the predictive performance of these PGSs and the multiple challenges currently limiting the clinical application of PGSs. Despite this, PGSs are beginning to be incorporated into clinical multifactorial risk prediction models to stratify risk in both clinical trials and clinical implementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Young KL, Olshan AF, Lunetta K, Graff M, Williams LA, Yao S, Zirpoli GR, Troester M, Palmer JR. Influence of alcohol consumption and alcohol metabolism variants on breast cancer risk among Black women: results from the AMBER consortium. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:66. [PMID: 37308906 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The etiologic role of genetic variation in genes involved in ethanol metabolism has not been established, with little information available among women of African ancestry. METHODS Our analysis from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium included 2889 U.S. Black women who were current drinkers at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (N cases = 715) and had available genetic data for four ethanol metabolism genomic regions (ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, and ALDH2). We used generalized estimating equations to calculate genetic effects, gene* alcohol consumption (≥ 7drinks/week vs. < 7/week) interactions, and joint main plus interaction effects of up to 23,247 variants in ethanol metabolism genomic regions on odds of breast cancer. RESULTS Among current drinkers, 21% of cases and 14% of controls reported consuming ≥ 7 drinks per week. We identified statistically significant genetic effects for rs79865122-C in CYP2E1 with odds of ER- breast cancer and odds of triple negative breast cancer, as well as a significant joint effect with odds of ER- breast cancer (≥ 7drinks per week OR = 3.92, < 7 drinks per week OR = 0.24, pjoint = 3.74 × 10-6). In addition, there was a statistically significant interaction of rs3858704-A in ALDH2 with consumption of ≥ 7 drinks/week on odds of triple negative breast cancer (≥ 7drinks per week OR = 4.41, < 7 drinks per week OR = 0.57, pint = 8.97 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of information on the impact of genetic variation in alcohol metabolism genes on odds of breast cancer among Black women. Our analysis of variants in four genomic regions harboring ethanol metabolism genes in a large consortium of U.S. Black women identified significant associations between rs79865122-C in CYP2E1 and odds of ER- and triple negative breast cancer. Replication of these findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Lindsay A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gary R Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Morin SM, Majhi PD, Crisi GM, Gregory KJ, Franca R, Schalet B, Mason H, Casaubon JT, Cao QJ, Haddad S, Makari-Judson G, Jerry DJ, Schneider SS. Interindividual variation contributes to differential PCB 126 induced gene expression in primary breast epithelial cells and tissues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113722. [PMID: 35724515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PCB 126 is a pervasive, dioxin-like chemical pollutant which can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Despite being banned from the market, PCB 126 can be detected in breast milk to this day. The extent to which interindividual variation impacts the adverse responses to this chemical in the breast tissue remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 3 nM PCB 126 on gene expression in a panel of genetically diverse benign human breast epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures and patient derived breast tissues. Six patient derived HBEC cultures were treated with 3 nM PCB 126. RNAseq was used to interrogate the impact of exposure on differential gene expression. Gene expression changes from the top critical pathways were confirmed via qRT-PCR in a larger panel of benign patient derived HBEC cultures, as well as in patient-derived breast tissue explant cultures. RNAseq analysis of HBEC cultures revealed a signature of 144 genes significantly altered by 3 nM PCB 126 treatment. Confirmation of 8 targets using a panel of 12 HBEC cultures and commercially available breast cell lines demonstrated that while the induction of canonical downstream target gene, CYP1A1, was consistent across our primary HBECs, other genes including AREG, S100A8, IL1A, IL1B, MMP7, and CCL28 exhibited significant variability across individuals. The dependence on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was confirmed using inhibitors. PCB 126 can induce significant and consistent changes in gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism in benign breast epithelial cells. Although the induction of most genes was reliant on the AhR, significant variability was noted between genes and individuals. These data suggest that there is a bifurcation of the pathway following AhR activation that contributes to the variation in interindividual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Morin
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Prabin Dhangada Majhi
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Kelly J Gregory
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Renata Franca
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Benjamin Schalet
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Holly Mason
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Jesse Thomas Casaubon
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Qing Jackie Cao
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Sandra Haddad
- Dept of Science, Bay Path University, Longmeadow, MA 01106, United States
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States.
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4
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Gynecologic Cancer Risk and Genetics: Informing an Ideal Model of Gynecologic Cancer Prevention. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4632-4646. [PMID: 35877228 PMCID: PMC9322111 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with proven hereditary cancer syndrome (HCS) such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have elevated rates of ovarian, breast, and other cancers. If these high-risk people can be identified before a cancer is diagnosed, risk-reducing interventions are highly effective and can be lifesaving. Despite this evidence, the vast majority of Canadians with HCS are unaware of their risk. In response to this unmet opportunity for prevention, the British Columbia Gynecologic Cancer Initiative convened a research summit “Gynecologic Cancer Prevention: Thinking Big, Thinking Differently” in Vancouver, Canada on 26 November 2021. The aim of the conference was to explore how hereditary cancer prevention via population-based genetic testing could decrease morbidity and mortality from gynecologic cancer. The summit invited local, national, and international experts to (1) discuss how genetic testing could be more broadly implemented in a Canadian system, (2) identify key research priorities in this topic and (3) outline the core essential elements required for such a program to be successful. This report summarizes the findings from this research summit, describes the current state of hereditary genetic programs in Canada, and outlines incremental steps that can be taken to improve prevention for high-risk Canadians now while developing an organized population-based hereditary cancer strategy.
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Wang X, Chen H, Kapoor PM, Su YR, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Lush M, Wang Q, Michailidou K, Pharoah PD, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Koutros S, Freeman LEB, Stone J, Rennert G, Shibli R, Murphy RA, Aronson K, Guénel P, Truong T, Teras LR, Hodge JM, Canzian F, Kaaks R, Brenner H, Arndt V, Hoppe R, Lo WY, Behrens S, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Jung A, Becher H, Giles GG, Haiman CA, Maskarinec G, Scott C, Winham S, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Zheng W, Long J, Troester MA, Love MI, Peng C, Tamimi R, Eliassen H, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Ahearn T, Yang R, Evans DG, Howell A, Hall P, Czene K, Wolk A, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, Swerdlow AJ, Orr N, Lacey JV, Wang S, Olsson H, Easton DF, Milne RL, Hsu L, Kraft P, Chang-Claude J, Lindström S. A genome-wide gene-based gene-environment interaction study of breast cancer in more than 90,000 women. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:211-219. [PMID: 36303815 PMCID: PMC9604427 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 susceptibility loci for breast cancer, but these variants explain less than a fifth of the disease risk. Although gene-environment interactions have been proposed to account for some of the remaining heritability, few studies have empirically assessed this. Methods We obtained genotype and risk factor data from 46,060 cases and 47,929 controls of European ancestry from population-based studies within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We built gene expression prediction models for 4,864 genes with a significant (P<0.01) heritable component using the transcriptome and genotype data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We leveraged predicted gene expression information to investigate the interactions between gene-centric genetic variation and 14 established risk factors in association with breast cancer risk, using a mixed-effects score test. Results After adjusting for number of tests using Bonferroni correction, no interaction remained statistically significant. The strongest interaction observed was between the predicted expression of the C13orf45 gene and age at first full-term pregnancy (PGXE=4.44×10-6). Conclusion In this transcriptome-informed genome-wide gene-environment interaction study of breast cancer, we found no strong support for the role of gene expression in modifying the associations between established risk factors and breast cancer risk. Impact Our study suggests a limited role of gene-environment interactions in breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lush
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetic, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jennifer Stone
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rana Shibli
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristan Aronson
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CESP, Team Exposome and Heredity, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CESP, Team Exposome and Heredity, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James M. Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, German
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, German
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stacey Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael I. Love
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetic, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rose Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetic, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United K.ingdom
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James V. Lacey
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sophia Wang
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Departments of Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Deceased
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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6
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Gadaleta E, Thorn GJ, Ross-Adams H, Jones LJ, Chelala C. Field cancerization in breast cancer. J Pathol 2022; 257:561-574. [PMID: 35362092 PMCID: PMC9322418 DOI: 10.1002/path.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer affects one in seven women worldwide during their lifetime. Widespread mammographic screening programs and education campaigns allow for early detection of the disease, often during its asymptomatic phase. Current practice in treatment and recurrence monitoring is based primarily on pathological evaluations but can also encompass genomic evaluations, both of which focus on the primary tumor. Although breast cancer is one of the most studied cancers, patients still recur at a rate of up to 15% within the first 10 years post‐surgery. Local recurrence was originally attributed to tumor cells contaminating histologically normal (HN) tissues beyond the surgical margin, but advances in technology have allowed for the identification of distinct aberrations that exist in the peri‐tumoral tissues themselves. One leading theory to explain this phenomenon is the field cancerization theory. Under this hypothesis, tumors arise from a field of molecularly altered cells that create a permissive environment for malignant evolution, which can occur with or without morphological changes. The traditional histopathology paradigm dictates that molecular alterations are reflected in the tissue phenotype. However, the spectrum of inter‐patient variability of normal breast tissue may obfuscate recognition of a cancerized field during routine diagnostics. In this review, we explore the concept of field cancerization focusing on HN peri‐tumoral tissues: we present the pathological and molecular features of field cancerization within these tissues and discuss how the use of peri‐tumoral tissues can affect research. Our observations suggest that pathological and molecular evaluations could be used synergistically to assess risk and guide the therapeutic management of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gadaleta
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graeme J Thorn
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen Ross-Adams
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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7
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Gago-Dominguez M, Sobrino T, Torres-Español M, Calaza M, Rodríguez-Castro E, Campos F, Redondo CM, Castillo J, Carracedo Á. Obesity-related genetic determinants of stroke. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab069. [PMID: 34550115 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity, circulating lipids and other vascular/metabolic factors influence the risk of stroke, we examined if genetic variants associated with these conditions are related to risk of stroke using a case-control study in Galicia, Spain. A selection of 200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be related to obesity, body mass index, circulating lipids, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, obesity-related cancer and cerebral infarction were genotyped in 465 patients diagnosed with stroke and 480 population-based controls. An unsupervised Lasso regression procedure was carried out for single-nucleotide polymorphism selection based on their potential effect on stroke according to obesity. Selected genotypes were further analysed through multivariate logistic regression to study their association with risk of stroke. Using unsupervised selection procedures, nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be related to risk of stroke overall and after stratification by obesity. From these, rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 in obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.61 (0.39-0.95) (P = 0.027); 0.54 (0.35-0.84) (P = 0.006) and 0.42 (0.22-0.80) (P = 0.0075), respectively], and rs865686 in non-obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.67 (0.48-0.94) (P = 0.019)], were independently associated with risk of stroke after multivariate logistic regression procedures. The associations between the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with stroke risk in obese subjects were more pronounced among females; for rs10761731, odds ratios among obese males and females were 1.07 (0.58-1.97) (P = 0.84), and 0.31 (0.14-0.69) (P = 0.0018), respectively; for rs2479409, odd ratios were 0.66 (0.34-1.27) (P = 0.21), and 0.49 (0.24-0.99) (P = 0.04), for obese males and females, respectively; the stroke-rs6511720 association was also slightly more pronounced among obese females, odds ratios were 0.33 (0.13-0.87) (P = 0.022), and 0.28 (0.09-0.85) (P = 0.02) for obese males and females, respectively. The rs865686-stroke association was more pronounced among non-obese males [odds ratios = 0.61 (0.39-0.96) (P = 0.029) and 0.72 (0.42-1.22) (P = 0.21), for non-obese males and females, respectively]. A combined genetic score of variants rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 was highly predictive of stroke risk among obese subjects (P = 2.04 × 10-5), particularly among females (P = 4.28 × 10-6). In summary, single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1076173, rs2479409 and rs6511720 were found to independently increase the risk of stroke in obese subjects after adjustment for established risk factors. A combined score with the three genomic variants was an independent predictor of risk of stroke among obese subjects in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Torres-Español
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Conselleria de Educación, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodríguez-Castro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen M Redondo
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Gago-Dominguez M, Redondo CM, Calaza M, Matabuena M, Bermudez MA, Perez-Fernandez R, Torres-Español M, Carracedo Á, Castelao JE. LIPG endothelial lipase and breast cancer risk by subtypes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10436. [PMID: 34001944 PMCID: PMC8129130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data showed that endothelial lipase (LIPG) is a crucial player in breast cancer. However, very limited data exists on the role of LIPG on the risk of breast cancer in humans. We examined the LIPG-breast cancer association within our population-based case-control study from Galicia, Spain, BREOGAN (BREast Oncology GAlicia Network). Plasma LIPG and/or OxLDL were measured on 114 breast cancer cases and 82 controls from our case-control study, and were included in the present study. The risk of breast cancer increased with increasing levels of LIPG (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) 2.52 (1.11-5.81), P-trend = 0.037). The LIPG-breast cancer association was restricted to Pre-menopausal breast cancer (Multivariable OR for the highest LIPG category (95% CI) 4.76 (0.94-28.77), P-trend = 0.06, and 1.79 (0.61-5.29), P-trend = 0.372, for Pre-menopausal and Post-menopausal breast cancer, respectively). The LIPG-breast cancer association was restricted to Luminal A breast cancers (Multivariable OR for the highest LIPG category (95% CI) 3.70 (1.42-10.16), P-trend = 0.015, and 2.05 (0.63-7.22), P-trend = 0.311, for Luminal A and non-Luminal A breast cancers, respectively). Subset analysis only based on HER2 receptor indicated that the LIPG-breast cancer relationship was restricted to HER2-negative breast cancers (Multivariable OR for the highest LIPG category (95% CI) 4.39 (1.70-12.03), P-trend = 0.012, and 1.10 (0.28-4.32), P-trend = 0.745, for HER2-negative and HER2-positive tumors, respectively). The LIPG-breast cancer association was restricted to women with high total cholesterol levels (Multivariable OR for the highest LIPG category (95% CI) 6.30 (2.13-20.05), P-trend = 0.018, and 0.65 (0.11-3.28), P-trend = 0.786, among women with high and low cholesterol levels, respectively). The LIPG-breast cancer association was also restricted to non-postpartum breast cancer (Multivariable OR for the highest LIPG category (95% CI) 3.83 (1.37-11.39), P-trend = 0.003, and 2.35 (0.16-63.65), P-trend = 0.396, for non-postpartum and postpartum breast cancer, respectively), although we lacked precision. The LIPG-breast cancer association was more pronounced among grades II and III than grade I breast cancers (Multivariable ORs for the highest category of LIPG (95% CI) 2.73 (1.02-7.69), P-trend = 0.057, and 1.90 (0.61-6.21), P-trend = 0.170, for grades II and III, and grade I breast cancers, respectively). No association was detected for OxLDL levels and breast cancer (Multivariable OR for the highest versus the lowest category (95% CI) 1.56 (0.56-4.32), P-trend = 0.457).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen M Redondo
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Conselleria de Educación, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Matabuena
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria A Bermudez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Torres-Español
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
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9
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Park J, Choi JY, Choi J, Chung S, Song N, Park SK, Han W, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Lee JW, Kim MK, Jee SH, Wen W, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Shah M, Conroy DM, Harrington PA, Mayes R, Czene K, Hall P, Teras LR, Patel AV, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Sawyer EJ, Roylance R, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Lambrechts D, Baten A, Matsuo K, Ito H, Guénel P, Truong T, Keeman R, Schmidt MK, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Cox A, Cross SS, Andrulis IL, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Wu PE, Shen CY, Fasching PA, Ekici AB, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Brenner H, Arndt V, Jones ME, Swerdlow AJ, Hoppe R, Ko YD, Hartman M, Li J, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM, Benitez J, González-Neira A, Haiman CA, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Teo SH, Mohd Taib NA, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Grip M, Winqvist R, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H, Lindblom A, Wendt C, Kristensen VN, Tollenaar RAEM, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Radice P, Bonanni B, Hamann U, Manoochehri M, Lacey JV, Martinez ME, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Yoo KY, Kang D. Gene-Environment Interactions Relevant to Estrogen and Risk of Breast Cancer: Can Gene-Environment Interactions Be Detected Only among Candidate SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2370. [PMID: 34069208 PMCID: PMC8156547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we aim to examine gene-environment interactions (GxEs) between genes involved with estrogen metabolism and environmental factors related to estrogen exposure. GxE analyses were conducted with 1970 Korean breast cancer cases and 2052 controls in the case-control study, the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS). A total of 11,555 SNPs from the 137 candidate genes were included in the GxE analyses with eight established environmental factors. A replication test was conducted by using an independent population from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 62,485 Europeans and 9047 Asians. The GxE tests were performed by using two-step methods in GxEScan software. Two interactions were found in the SEBCS. The first interaction was shown between rs13035764 of NCOA1 and age at menarche in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.2 × 10-3). The age at menarche before 14 years old was associated with the high risk of breast cancer, and the risk was higher when subjects had homozygous minor allele G. The second GxE was shown between rs851998 near ESR1 and height in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.1 × 10-4). Height taller than 160 cm was associated with a high risk of breast cancer, and the risk increased when the minor allele was added. The findings were not replicated in the BCAC. These results would suggest specificity in Koreans for breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.P.); (S.C.); (S.K.P.); (D.K.)
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.P.); (S.C.); (S.K.P.); (D.K.)
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (W.H.); (D.-Y.N.)
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seokang Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.P.); (S.C.); (S.K.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Nan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Korea;
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.P.); (S.C.); (S.K.P.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (W.H.); (D.-Y.N.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (W.H.); (D.-Y.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (W.H.); (D.-Y.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sei-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 23462, Cyprus
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Don M. Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Patricia A. Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Rebecca Mayes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.C.); (P.H.)
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.V.P.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.V.P.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- Department of Oncology, UCLH Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3001 Leuve, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adinda Baten
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan;
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (P.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (P.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.K.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.K.); (M.K.S.)
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.H.W.); (C.-C.T.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.H.W.); (C.-C.T.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Fred A, Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (K.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (K.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (V.A.)
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Michael E. Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (M.E.J.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (M.E.J.); (A.J.S.)
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, 53177 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (A.M.); (J.M.H.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (A.M.); (J.M.H.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.H.W.); (C.-C.T.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (T.D.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (T.D.); (N.V.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- NN Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK; (O.F.); (N.J.)
| | - Nichola Johnson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK; (O.F.); (N.J.)
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, 70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (V.N.K.); (NBCS Collaborators)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - NBCS Collaborators
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (V.N.K.); (NBCS Collaborators)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Section for Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Cancer, Division of Surgery, Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology at Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division of Surgery and Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, 0405 Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0405 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Oslo Breast Cancer Research Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, 0405 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (U.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (U.H.); (M.M.)
| | - James V. Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (M.K.B.); (Q.W.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (P.D.P.P.); (D.F.E.)
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (M.S.); (D.M.C.); (P.A.H.); (R.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.P.); (S.C.); (S.K.P.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (W.H.); (D.-Y.N.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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10
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Mbemi A, Khanna S, Njiki S, Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB. Impact of Gene-Environment Interactions on Cancer Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8089. [PMID: 33153024 PMCID: PMC7662361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that many human diseases are not only caused by specific genetic and environmental factors but also by gene-environment interactions. Although it has been widely reported that genetic polymorphisms play a critical role in human susceptibility to cancer and other chronic disease conditions, many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are caused by somatic mutations resulting from human exposure to environmental stressors. Scientific evidence suggests that the etiology of many chronic illnesses is caused by the joint effect between genetics and the environment. Research has also pointed out that the interactions of environmental factors with specific allelic variants highly modulate the susceptibility to diseases. Hence, many scientific discoveries on gene-environment interactions have elucidated the impact of their combined effect on the incidence and/or prevalence rate of human diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the nature of gene-environment interactions, and discuss their role in human cancers, with special emphases on lung, colorectal, bladder, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mbemi
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Sunali Khanna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai 400 008, India;
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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11
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Wang T, Asher A. Improved Semiparametric Analysis of Polygenic Gene–Environment Interactions in Case–Control Studies. STATISTICS IN BIOSCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12561-020-09298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Gago-Dominguez M, Matabuena M, Redondo CM, Patel SP, Carracedo A, Ponte SM, Martínez ME, Castelao JE. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and breast cancer risk: analysis by subtype and potential interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13203. [PMID: 32764699 PMCID: PMC7413522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have found the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to be associated with adverse breast cancer (BC) prognosis and survival. Very limited data exist on the role of NLR and risk of BC. The BREOGAN study is a population-based case-control study conducted in Galicia, Spain. We examined the WBC- and NLR-BC relationships. The risk of BC increased with increasing levels of neutrophils percentage (NE%) (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) = 2.14 (1.39-3.32), P-trend < 0.001) and of the NLR (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) = 1.93 (1.26-2.97), P-trend < 0.001). Lymphocytes absolute (L#) and percentage (L%) were associated with a decreased risk of BC (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) = 0.54 (0.35-0.83), and 0.51 (0.33-0.79), P-trend = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). The NLR-BC association was more pronounced among Luminal A BC (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) = 2.00 (1.17-3.45), P-trend < 0.001), HER2-negative BC (multivariable OR for the highest category (95% CI) = 1.87 (1.16-3.02), P-trend < 0.001), and those with high total cholesterol and low H2O2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Marcos Matabuena
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información (CITIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen M Redondo
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Angel Carracedo
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Forensic Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Miranda Ponte
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Elena Martínez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
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13
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Agra RM, Gago-Dominguez M, Paradela-Dobarro B, Torres-Español M, Alvarez L, Fernandez-Trasancos A, Varela-Roman A, Calaza M, Eiras S, Alvarez E, Carracedo A, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR. Obesity-Related Genetic Determinants of Heart Failure Prognosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:415-424. [PMID: 31209632 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in genomics offer a smart option for predicting future risk of disease and prognosis. The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value in heart failure (HF) patients, of a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). METHODS A selection of 192 SNPs found to be related with obesity, body mass index, circulating lipids or cardiovascular diseases were genotyped in 191 patients with HF. Anthropometrical and clinical variables were collected for each patient, and death and readmission by HF were registered as the primary endpoint. RESULTS A total of 53 events were registered during a follow-up period of 438 (263-1077) days (median (IQR)). Eight SNPs strongly related to obesity and HF prognosis were selected as possible prognostic variables. From these, rs10189761 and rs737337 variants were independently associated with HF prognosis (HR 2.295 (1.287-4.089, 95% CI); p = 0.005), whereas rs10423928, rs1800437, rs737337 and rs9351814 were related with bad prognosis only in obese patients (HR 2.142 (1.438-3.192, 95% CI); p = 0.00018). Combined scores of the genomic variants were highly predictive of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS SNPs rs10189761 and rs737337 were identified, for the first time, as independent predictors of major clinical outcomes in patients with HF. The data suggests an additive predictive value of these SNPs for a HF prognosis. In particular for obese patients, SNPs rs10423928, rs1800437, rs737337 and rs9351814 were related with a bad prognosis. Combined scores weighting the risk of each genomic variant could effect interesting new tools to stratify the prognostic risk of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Agra
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Paradela-Dobarro
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Torres-Español
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CeGen-PRB2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernandez-Trasancos
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Varela-Roman
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Calaza
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Eiras
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Alvarez
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J R Gonzalez-Juanatey
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Kapoor PM, Lindström S, Behrens S, Wang X, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Kraft P, García-Closas M, Easton DF, Milne RL, Chang-Claude J. Assessment of interactions between 205 breast cancer susceptibility loci and 13 established risk factors in relation to breast cancer risk, in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:216-232. [PMID: 31605532 PMCID: PMC7426027 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous gene-environment interaction studies of breast cancer risk have provided sparse evidence of interactions. Using the largest available dataset to date, we performed a comprehensive assessment of potential effect modification of 205 common susceptibility variants by 13 established breast cancer risk factors, including replication of previously reported interactions. METHODS Analyses were performed using 28 176 cases and 32 209 controls genotyped with iCOGS array and 44 109 cases and 48 145 controls genotyped using OncoArray from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Gene-environment interactions were assessed using unconditional logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests for breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen-receptor (ER) status. Bayesian false discovery probability was used to assess the noteworthiness of the meta-analysed array-specific interactions. RESULTS Noteworthy evidence of interaction at ≤1% prior probability was observed for three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-risk factor pairs. SNP rs4442975 was associated with a greater reduction of risk of ER-positive breast cancer [odds ratio (OR)int = 0.85 (0.78-0.93), Pint = 2.8 x 10-4] and overall breast cancer [ORint = 0.85 (0.78-0.92), Pint = 7.4 x 10-5) in current users of estrogen-progesterone therapy compared with non-users. This finding was supported by replication using OncoArray data of the previously reported interaction between rs13387042 (r2 = 0.93 with rs4442975) and current estrogen-progesterone therapy for overall disease (Pint = 0.004). The two other interactions suggested stronger associations between SNP rs6596100 and ER-negative breast cancer with increasing parity and younger age at first birth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study does not suggest strong effect modification of common breast cancer susceptibility variants by established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Guan Z, Raut JR, Weigl K, Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Zhang Y, Brenner H. Individual and joint performance of DNA methylation profiles, genetic risk score and environmental risk scores for predicting breast cancer risk. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:42-53. [PMID: 31677238 PMCID: PMC6944111 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns in the blood, genetic risk scores (GRSs), and environmental risk factors can potentially improve breast cancer (BC) risk prediction. We assessed the individual and joint predictive performance of methylation, GRS, and environmental risk factors for BC incidence in a prospective cohort study. In a cohort of 5462 women aged 50–75 from Germany, 101 BC cases were identified during 14 years of follow‐up and were compared to 263 BC‐free controls in a nested case–control design. Three previously suggested methylation risk scores (MRSs) based on methylation of 423, 248, and 131 cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) loci, and a GRS based on the risk alleles from 269 recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms were constructed. Additionally, multiple previously proposed environmental risk scores (ERSs) were built based on environmental variables. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were estimated for evaluating BC risk prediction performance. MRS and ERS showed limited accuracy in predicting BC incidence, with AUCs ranging from 0.52 to 0.56 and from 0.52 to 0.59, respectively. The GRS predicted BC incidence with a higher accuracy (AUC = 0.61). Adjusted odds ratios per standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval) were 1.07 (0.84–1.36) and 1.40 (1.09–1.80) for the best performing MRS and ERS, respectively, and 1.48 (1.16–1.90) for the GRS. A full risk model combining the MRS, GRS, and ERS predicted BC incidence with the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.64) and might be useful for identifying high‐risk populations for BC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Guan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janhavi R Raut
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Schütz F, Fasching PA, Welslau M, Hartkopf AD, Wöckel A, Lux MP, Janni W, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Belleville E, Kolberg HC, Overkamp F, Taran FA, Brucker SY, Wallwiener M, Tesch H, Fehm TN, Schneeweiss A, Müller V. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 4 - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of New, Personalised Therapies for Patients with Early Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:1079-1089. [PMID: 31656318 PMCID: PMC6805214 DOI: 10.1055/a-1001-9925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The further development of therapies for women with early breast cancer is progressing far more slowly than in the case of patients with advanced breast cancer and is additionally delayed compared to developments in metastatic breast cancer. Nonetheless, significant advancements have been able to be recorded recently. This review summarises the latest developments in view of the most recent publications and professional conferences. For hormone-receptor-positive patients, new aspects for the duration of antihormone therapy and with regard to the benefits of multigene tests have been published. In the case of HER2-positive patients, the value of post-neoadjuvant therapy and de-escalation of the therapy is discussed. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, there is a question of whether the knowledge of the biological background of a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) helps develop new therapies for this subtype. In particular the "use" of a BRCA1/2 mutation or the biological characteristic HRD as a potential motive for therapy plays a role here in specifying the significance of platinum therapy and therapy with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Kooperatives Brustzentrum Paderborn, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Oliynyk RT. Evaluating the Potential of Younger Cases and Older Controls Cohorts to Improve Discovery Power in Genome-Wide Association Studies of Late-Onset Diseases. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9030038. [PMID: 31336617 PMCID: PMC6789773 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, genome-wide association studies have been making steady progress in discovering the causal gene variants that contribute to late-onset human diseases. Polygenic late-onset diseases in an aging population display a risk allele frequency decrease at older ages, caused by individuals with higher polygenic risk scores becoming ill proportionately earlier and bringing about a change in the distribution of risk alleles between new cases and the as-yet-unaffected population. This phenomenon is most prominent for diseases characterized by high cumulative incidence and high heritability, examples of which include Alzheimer’s disease, coronary artery disease, cerebral stroke, and type 2 diabetes, while for late-onset diseases with relatively lower prevalence and heritability, exemplified by cancers, the effect is significantly lower. In this research, computer simulations have demonstrated that genome-wide association studies of late-onset polygenic diseases showing high cumulative incidence together with high initial heritability will benefit from using the youngest possible age-matched cohorts. Moreover, rather than using age-matched cohorts, study cohorts combining the youngest possible cases with the oldest possible controls may significantly improve the discovery power of genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Teo Oliynyk
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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18
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Sung H, DeSantis CE, Fedewa SA, Kantelhardt EJ, Jemal A. Breast cancer subtypes among Eastern‐African–born black women and other black women in the United States. Cancer 2019; 125:3401-3411. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Carol E. DeSantis
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Stacey A. Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Eva J. Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics Martin‐Luther University Halle Germany
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
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19
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Wunderle M, Olmes G, Nabieva N, Häberle L, Jud SM, Hein A, Rauh C, Hack CC, Erber R, Ekici AB, Hoyer J, Vasileiou G, Kraus C, Reis A, Hartmann A, Schulz-Wendtland R, Lux MP, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA. Risk, Prediction and Prevention of Hereditary Breast Cancer - Large-Scale Genomic Studies in Times of Big and Smart Data. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:481-492. [PMID: 29880983 PMCID: PMC5986564 DOI: 10.1055/a-0603-4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades genetic testing for mutations in
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
has become standard of care for women and men who are at familial risk for breast or ovarian cancer. Currently, genetic testing more often also includes so-called panel genes, which are assumed to be moderate-risk genes for breast cancer. Recently, new large-scale studies provided more information about the risk estimation of those genes. The utilization of information on panel genes with regard to their association with the individual breast cancer risk might become part of future clinical practice. Furthermore, large efforts have been made to understand the influence of common genetic variants with a low impact on breast cancer risk. For this purpose, almost 450 000 individuals have been genotyped for almost 500 000 genetic variants in the OncoArray project. Based on first results it can be assumed that – together with previously identified common variants – more than 170 breast cancer risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can explain up to 18% of familial breast cancer risk. The knowledge about genetic and non-genetic risk factors and its implementation in clinical practice could especially be of use for individualized prevention. This includes an individualized risk prediction as well as the individualized selection of screening methods regarding imaging and possible lifestyle interventions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent developments in this area and to provide an overview on breast cancer risk genes, risk prediction models and their utilization for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Wunderle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Olmes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Naiba Nabieva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Biostatistics Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Rauh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C Hack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Näslund-Koch C, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. Common breast cancer risk alleles and risk assessment: a study on 35 441 individuals from the Danish general population. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:175-181. [PMID: 28177461 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that common breast cancer risk alleles are associated with incidences of breast cancer and other cancers in the general population, and identify low risk women among those invited for screening mammography. Participants and Methods About 35 441 individuals from the Danish general population were followed in Danish health registries for up to 21 years after blood sampling. After genotyping 72 breast cancer risk loci, each with 0–2 alleles, the sum for each individual was calculated. We used the simple allele sum instead of the conventional polygenic risk score, as it is likely more sensitive in detecting associations with risks of other endpoints than breast cancer. Results Breast cancer incidence in the 19 010 women was increased across allele sum quintiles (log-rank trend test; P = 1×10 − 12), but not incidence of other cancers (P = 0.41). Age- and study-adjusted hazard ratio for the fifth versus the first allele sum quintile was 1.82 (95% confidence interval; 1.53–2.18). Corresponding hazard ratios per allele were 1.04 (1.03–1.05) and 1.05 (1.02–1.08) for breast cancer incidence and mortality, similar across risk factors. In 50-year-old women, the starting age for screening mammography in Denmark, the average 5-year breast cancer risk was 1.5%, overall and 1.1%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 2.1%, for the first through fifth quintile, respectively. Based on age, nulliparity, familial history, and allele sum, 25% of women aged 50–69 years, and 94% of women aged 40–49 years, had absolute 5-year breast cancer risks ≤ 1.5%. Using polygenic risk score led to similar results. Conclusion Common breast cancer risk alleles are associated with incidence and mortality of breast cancer in the general population, but not with other cancers. After including breast cancer allele sum in risk assessment, 25% of women currently being offered screening mammography had an absolute 5-year risk below the cutoff of average risk for a 50-year-old woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Näslund-Koch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - B G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Rudolph A, Song M, Brook MN, Milne RL, Mavaddat N, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Wilcox AN, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Keeman R, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Brenner H, Arndt V, Brauch H, Brüning T, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Lambrechts D, Keupers M, Couch FJ, Vachon C, Giles GG, MacInnis RJ, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Czene K, Brand JS, Gabrielson M, Humphreys K, Cox A, Cross SS, Dunning AM, Orr N, Swerdlow A, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Easton DF, Chatterjee N, Chang-Claude J, García-Closas M. Joint associations of a polygenic risk score and environmental risk factors for breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:526-536. [PMID: 29315403 PMCID: PMC5913605 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for breast cancer can be used to stratify the population into groups at substantially different levels of risk. Combining PRS and environmental risk factors will improve risk prediction; however, integrating PRS into risk prediction models requires evaluation of their joint association with known environmental risk factors. Methods Analyses were based on data from 20 studies; datasets analysed ranged from 3453 to 23 104 invasive breast cancer cases and similar numbers of controls, depending on the analysed environmental risk factor. We evaluated joint associations of a 77-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PRS with reproductive history, alcohol consumption, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), height and body mass index (BMI). We tested the null hypothesis of multiplicative joint associations for PRS and each of the environmental factors, and performed global and tail-based goodness-of-fit tests in logistic regression models. The outcomes were breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Results The strongest evidence for a non-multiplicative joint associations with the 77-SNP PRS was for alcohol consumption (P-interaction = 0.009), adult height (P-interaction = 0.025) and current use of combined MHT (P-interaction = 0.038) in ER-positive disease. Risk associations for these factors by percentiles of PRS did not follow a clear dose-response. In addition, global and tail-based goodness of fit tests showed little evidence for departures from a multiplicative risk model, with alcohol consumption showing the strongest evidence for ER-positive disease (P = 0.013 for global and 0.18 for tail-based tests). Conclusions The combined effects of the 77-SNP PRS and environmental risk factors for breast cancer are generally well described by a multiplicative model. Larger studies are required to confirm possible departures from the multiplicative model for individual risk factors, and assess models specific for ER-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Real World Insights, CESE, QuintilesIMS, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Minsun Song
- Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nasim Mavaddat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amber N Wilcox
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Machteld Keupers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Simon S Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Wright LB, Ashworth A, Swerdlow AJ. Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:118. [PMID: 29162146 PMCID: PMC5698948 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Methods We used serial questionnaire information from the Generations Study cohort (United Kingdom) to estimate HRs for breast cancer in relation to smoking adjusted for potentially confounding factors, including alcohol intake. Results Among 102,927 women recruited 2003–2013, with an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, 1815 developed invasive breast cancer. The HR (reference group was never smokers) was 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.25; P = 0.010) for ever smokers, 1.24 (95% CI 1.08–1.43; P = 0.002) for starting smoking at ages < 17 years, and 1.23 (1.07–1.41; P = 0.004) for starting smoking 1–4 years after menarche. Breast cancer risk was not statistically associated with interval from initiation of smoking to first birth (P-trend = 0.97). Women with a family history of breast cancer (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12–1.62; P = 0.002) had a significantly larger HR in relation to ever smokers (P for interaction = 0.039) than women without (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.20; P = 0.22). The interaction was prominent for age at starting smoking (P = 0.003) and starting smoking relative to age at menarche (P = 0.0001). Conclusions Smoking was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who started smoking at adolescent or peri-menarcheal ages. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with smoking was greater for women with a family history of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Lauren B Wright
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.,Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.,Present Address: UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.,Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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23
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Barrdahl M, Rudolph A, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Broeks A, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Gago‐Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Brenner H, Arndt V, Brauch H, Hamann U, Mannermaa A, Lambrechts D, Jongen L, Flesch‐Janys D, Thoene K, Couch FJ, Giles GG, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Figueroa J, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Eilber U, Behrens S, Czene K, Hall P, Cox A, Cross S, Swerdlow A, Schoemaker MJ, Dunning AM, Kaaks R, Pharoah PD, Schmidt M, Garcia‐Closas M, Easton DF, Milne RL, Chang‐Claude J. Gene-environment interactions involving functional variants: Results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1830-1840. [PMID: 28670784 PMCID: PMC5601244 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the most likely causal variants identified by fine-mapping analyses may improve the power to detect gene-environment interactions. We assessed the interplay between 70 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by genetic fine-scale mapping of susceptibility loci and 11 epidemiological breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer. Analyses were conducted on up to 58,573 subjects (26,968 cases and 31,605 controls) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, in one of the largest studies of its kind. Analyses were carried out separately for estrogen receptor (ER) positive (ER+) and ER negative (ER-) disease. The Bayesian False Discovery Probability (BFDP) was computed to assess the noteworthiness of the results. Four potential gene-environment interactions were identified as noteworthy (BFDP < 0.80) when assuming a true prior interaction probability of 0.01. The strongest interaction result in relation to overall breast cancer risk was found between CFLAR-rs7558475 and current smoking (ORint = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88, pint = 1.8 × 10-4 ). The interaction with the strongest statistical evidence was found between 5q14-rs7707921 and alcohol consumption (ORint =1.36, 95% CI: 1.16-1.59, pint = 1.9 × 10-5 ) in relation to ER- disease risk. The remaining two gene-environment interactions were also identified in relation to ER- breast cancer risk and were found between 3p21-rs6796502 and age at menarche (ORint = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12-1.43, pint =1.8 × 10-4 ) and between 8q23-rs13267382 and age at first full-term pregnancy (ORint = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95, pint = 5.2 × 10-4 ). While these results do not suggest any strong gene-environment interactions, our results may still be useful to inform experimental studies. These may in turn, shed light on the potential interactions observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMNErlangenGermany
- David Geffen School of MedicineDepartment of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMNErlangenGermany
| | - Manuela Gago‐Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine GroupGalician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGASSantiago De CompostelaSpain
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - J. Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics UnitInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo‐SERGASVigoSpain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- CESP–Cancer and Environment team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuifFrance
| | - Thérèse Truong
- CESP–Cancer and Environment team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuifFrance
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryHerlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer SocietyAtlantaGA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Pathology and Forensic MedicineInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsDepartment of Human Genetics, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lynn Jongen
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dieter Flesch‐Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyUniversity Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Kathrin Thoene
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyUniversity Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval UniversityQuébec CityQCCanada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Division of Clinical EpidemiologyRoyal Victoria Hospital, McGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular PathologyThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, NicosiaCyprusNicosia
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Cross
- Academic Unit of PathologyDepartment of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSutton, LondonUnited Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer ResearchThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSutton, LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Minouk J. Schoemaker
- Division of Breast Cancer ResearchThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSutton, LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marjanka Schmidt
- Division of Molecular PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and EpidemiologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Research Group Genetic Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Milne RL, Antoniou AC. Modifiers of breast and ovarian cancer risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T69-84. [PMID: 27528622 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. However, penetrance estimates for mutation carriers have been found to vary substantially between studies, and the observed differences in risk are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic and environmental factors modify cancer risks for women with these mutations. Direct evidence that this is the case has emerged in the past decade, through large-scale international collaborative efforts. Here, we describe the methodological challenges in the identification and characterisation of these risk-modifying factors, review the latest evidence on genetic and lifestyle/hormonal risk factors that modify breast and ovarian cancer risks for women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and outline the implications of these findings for cancer risk prediction. We also review the unresolved issues in this area of research and identify strategies of clinical implementation so that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are no longer counselled on the basis of 'average' risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Maas P, Barrdahl M, Joshi AD, Auer PL, Gaudet MM, Milne RL, Schumacher FR, Anderson WF, Check D, Chattopadhyay S, Baglietto L, Berg CD, Chanock SJ, Cox DG, Figueroa JD, Gail MH, Graubard BI, Haiman CA, Hankinson SE, Hoover RN, Isaacs C, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Lee IM, Lindström S, Overvad K, Romieu I, Sanchez MJ, Southey MC, Stram DO, Tumino R, VanderWeele TJ, Willett WC, Zhang S, Buring JE, Canzian F, Gapstur SM, Henderson BE, Hunter DJ, Giles GG, Prentice RL, Ziegler RG, Kraft P, Garcia-Closas M, Chatterjee N. Breast Cancer Risk From Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors Among White Women in the United States. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2:1295-1302. [PMID: 27228256 PMCID: PMC5719876 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An improved model for risk stratification can be useful for guiding public health strategies of breast cancer prevention. OBJECTIVE To evaluate combined risk stratification utility of common low penetrant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and epidemiologic risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a total of 17 171 cases and 19 862 controls sampled from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) and 5879 women participating in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey, a model for predicting absolute risk of breast cancer was developed combining information on individual level data on epidemiologic risk factors and 24 genotyped SNPs from prospective cohort studies, published estimate of odds ratios for 68 additional SNPs, population incidence rate from the National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registry and data on risk factor distribution from nationally representative health survey. The model is used to project the distribution of absolute risk for the population of white women in the United States after adjustment for competing cause of mortality. EXPOSURES Single nucleotide polymorphisms, family history, anthropometric factors, menstrual and/or reproductive factors, and lifestyle factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Degree of stratification of absolute risk owing to nonmodifiable (SNPs, family history, height, and some components of menstrual and/or reproductive history) and modifiable factors (body mass index [BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], menopausal hormone therapy [MHT], alcohol, and smoking). RESULTS The average absolute risk for a 30-year-old white woman in the United States developing invasive breast cancer by age 80 years is 11.3%. A model that includes all risk factors provided a range of average absolute risk from 4.4% to 23.5% for women in the bottom and top deciles of the risk distribution, respectively. For women who were at the lowest and highest deciles of nonmodifiable risks, the 5th and 95th percentile range of the risk distribution associated with 4 modifiable factors was 2.9% to 5.0% and 15.5% to 25.0%, respectively. For women in the highest decile of risk owing to nonmodifiable factors, those who had low BMI, did not drink or smoke, and did not use MHT had risks comparable to an average woman in the general population. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This model for absolute risk of breast cancer including SNPs can provide stratification for the population of white women in the United States. The model can also identify subsets of the population at an elevated risk that would benefit most from risk-reduction strategies based on altering modifiable factors. The effectiveness of this model for individual risk communication needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Maas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul L Auer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington5School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta Georgia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia8Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William F Anderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Check
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Subham Chattopadhyay
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia8Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine D Berg
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David G Cox
- INSERM U1052 - Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France12Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, England
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst14Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria-Jose Sanchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain22CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic- M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts26Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta Georgia
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia8Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia29Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington30University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Montse Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland31Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland32Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland33Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chatterjee N, Shi J, García-Closas M. Developing and evaluating polygenic risk prediction models for stratified disease prevention. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:392-406. [PMID: 27140283 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetics and its implications for human health is rapidly evolving in accordance with recent events, such as discoveries of large numbers of disease susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies, the US Supreme Court ruling of the non-patentability of human genes, and the development of a regulatory framework for commercial genetic tests. In anticipation of the increasing relevance of genetic testing for the assessment of disease risks, this Review provides a summary of the methodologies used for building, evaluating and applying risk prediction models that include information from genetic testing and environmental risk factors. Potential applications of models for primary and secondary disease prevention are illustrated through several case studies, and future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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27
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Wu Y, Abbey CK, Liu J, Ong I, Peissig P, Onitilo AA, Fan J, Yuan M, Burnside ES. Discriminatory power of common genetic variants in personalized breast cancer diagnosis. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9787. [PMID: 27279675 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Technology advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has engendered optimism that we have entered a new age of precision medicine, in which the risk of breast cancer can be predicted on the basis of a person's genetic variants. The goal of this study is to evaluate the discriminatory power of common genetic variants in breast cancer risk estimation. We conducted a retrospective case-control study drawing from an existing personalized medicine data repository. We collected variables that predict breast cancer risk: 153 high-frequency/low-penetrance genetic variants, reflecting the state-of-the-art GWAS on breast cancer, mammography descriptors and BI-RADS assessment categories in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. We trained and tested naïve Bayes models by using these predictive variables. We generated ROC curves and used the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to quantify predictive performance. We found that genetic variants achieved comparable predictive performance to BI-RADS assessment categories in terms of AUC (0.650 vs. 0.659, p-value = 0.742), but significantly lower predictive performance than the combination of BI-RADS assessment categories and mammography descriptors (0.650 vs. 0.751, p-value < 0.001). A better understanding of relative predictive capability of genetic variants and mammography data may benefit clinicians and patients to make appropriate decisions about breast cancer screening, prevention, and treatment in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wu
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US
| | - Craig K Abbey
- Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, US
| | - Jie Liu
- Dept. of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Irene Ong
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US
| | - Peggy Peissig
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, US
| | - Adedayo A Onitilo
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, US ; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Marshfield Clinic Weston Center, Weston, WI, US
| | - Jun Fan
- Dept. of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Ming Yuan
- Dept. of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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28
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Rudolph A, Chang-Claude J, Schmidt MK. Gene-environment interaction and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:125-33. [PMID: 26757262 PMCID: PMC4815812 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary, genetic factors as well as lifestyle and environmental factors, for example, parity and body mass index, predict breast cancer development. Gene-environment interaction studies may help to identify subgroups of women at high-risk of breast cancer and can be leveraged to discover new genetic risk factors. A few interesting results in studies including over 30,000 breast cancer cases and healthy controls indicate that such interactions exist. Explorative gene-environment interaction studies aiming to identify new genetic or environmental factors are scarce and still underpowered. Gene-environment interactions might be stronger for rare genetic variants, but data are lacking. Ongoing initiatives to genotype larger sample sets in combination with comprehensive epidemiologic databases will provide further opportunities to study gene-environment interactions in breast cancer. However, based on the available evidence, we conclude that associations between the common genetic variants known today and breast cancer risk are only weakly modified by environmental factors, if at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Alcohol and breast cancer tumor subtypes in a Spanish Cohort. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:39. [PMID: 26835221 PMCID: PMC4715100 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although alcohol intake is an established risk factor for overall breast cancer, few studies have looked at the relationship between alcohol use and breast cancer risk by the four major subtypes of breast cancer and very few data exist in the alcohol-breast cancer relationship in Spanish women. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Galicia, Spain. A total of 1766 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1997 and 2014 and 833 controls participated in the study. Data on demographics, breast cancer risk factors, and clinico-pathological characteristics were collected. We examined the alcohol-breast cancer association according to the major breast cancer subtypes [hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative (luminal A); hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-positive (luminal B); hormone-receptor-negative, HER2-negative (TNBC); and hormone-receptor-negative, HER2-positive (HER2 overexpressing)] as well as grade and morphology in Spanish women. With the exception of HER2 overexpressing, the risk of all subtypes of breast cancer significantly increased with increasing alcohol intake. The association was similar for hormonal receptor positive breast cancer, i.e., luminal A and luminal B breast cancer (odds ratio, OR 2.16, 95 % confidence interval, CI 1.55–3.02; and OR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.11–3.53, respectively), and for TNBC (TNBC: OR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.07–3.47). The alcohol-breast cancer association was slightly more pronounced among lobular breast cancer (OR 2.76, 95 % CI 1.62–4.69) than among ductal type breast cancers (OR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.61–3.03). In addition, significant associations were shown for all grades, I, II and III breast cancer (OR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.26–3.10; OR 2.34, 95 % CI 1.66–3.31; and OR 2.16, 95 % CI 1.44–3.25 for Grades I, II and III, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association of breast cancer subtypes and alcohol intake in Spanish women. Our findings indicate that breast cancer risk increased with increasing alcohol intakes for three out of the four major subtypes of breast cancer. The association was similar for hormonal receptor positive breast cancer, i.e., luminal A and luminal B breast cancer, and for TNBC. The association seemed to be slightly more pronounced for lobular than ductal breast cancers. No differences were detected by grade.
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30
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Kurian AW, Antoniou AC, Domchek SM. Refining Breast Cancer Risk Stratification: Additional Genes, Additional Information. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016; 35:44-56. [PMID: 27249685 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_158817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic technology have enabled far more rapid, less expensive sequencing of multiple genes than was possible only a few years ago. Advances in bioinformatics also facilitate the interpretation of large amounts of genomic data. New strategies for cancer genetic risk assessment include multiplex sequencing panels of 5 to more than 100 genes (in which rare mutations are often associated with at least two times the average risk of developing breast cancer) and panels of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), combinations of which are generally associated with more modest cancer risks (more than twofold). Although these new multiple-gene panel tests are used in oncology practice, questions remain about the clinical validity and the clinical utility of their results. To translate this increasingly complex genetic information for clinical use, cancer risk prediction tools are under development that consider the joint effects of all susceptibility genes, together with other established breast cancer risk factors. Risk-adapted screening and prevention protocols are underway, with ongoing refinement as genetic knowledge grows. Priority areas for future research include the clinical validity and clinical utility of emerging genetic tests; the accuracy of developing cancer risk prediction models; and the long-term outcomes of risk-adapted screening and prevention protocols, in terms of patients' experiences and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison W Kurian
- From the Departments of Medicine and of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Basser Research Center and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- From the Departments of Medicine and of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Basser Research Center and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- From the Departments of Medicine and of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Basser Research Center and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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31
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Fejerman L, Stern MC, John EM, Torres-Mejía G, Hines LM, Wolff RK, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Ziv E, Pérez-Stable EJ, Slattery ML. Interaction between common breast cancer susceptibility variants, genetic ancestry, and nongenetic risk factors in Hispanic women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1731-8. [PMID: 26364163 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk have been discovered in women of European ancestry, and only a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted in minority groups. This research disparity persists in post-GWAS gene-environment interaction analyses. We tested the interaction between hormonal and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer, and ten GWAS-identified SNPs among 2,107 Hispanic women with breast cancer and 2,587 unaffected controls, to gain insight into a previously reported gene by ancestry interaction in this population. METHODS We estimated genetic ancestry with a set of 104 ancestry-informative markers selected to discriminate between Indigenous American and European ancestry. We used logistic regression models to evaluate main effects and interactions. RESULTS We found that the rs13387042-2q35(G/A) SNP was associated with breast cancer risk only among postmenopausal women who never used hormone therapy [per A allele OR: 0.94 (95% confidence intervals, 0.74-1.20), 1.20 (0.94-1.53), and 1.49 (1.28-1.75) for current, former, and never hormone therapy users, respectively, Pinteraction 0.002] and premenopausal women who breastfed >12 months [OR: 1.01 (0.72-1.42), 1.19 (0.98-1.45), and 1.69 (1.26-2.26) for never, <12 months, and >12 months breastfeeding, respectively, Pinteraction 0.014]. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between genetic ancestry, hormone replacement therapy use, and breastfeeding behavior partially explained a previously reported interaction between a breast cancer risk variant and genetic ancestry in Hispanic women. IMPACT These results highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between genetic ancestry, genetics, and nongenetic risk factors and their contribution to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California.
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California and Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lisa M Hines
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kathy B Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
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32
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Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Antoniou AC, Tischkowitz M, Tavtigian SV, Nathanson KL, Devilee P, Meindl A, Couch FJ, Southey M, Goldgar DE, Evans DGR, Chenevix-Trench G, Rahman N, Robson M, Domchek SM, Foulkes WD. Gene-panel sequencing and the prediction of breast-cancer risk. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2243-57. [PMID: 26014596 PMCID: PMC4610139 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsr1501341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Easton
- From the Departments of Public Health and Primary Care (D.F.E., P.D.P.P., A.C.A.), Oncology (D.F.E., P.D.P.P.), and Medical Genetics (M.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, the Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester and St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester (D.G.R.E.), and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London (N.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Oncological Sciences (S.V.T.) and Dermatology (D.E.G.), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; the Basser Research Center for BRCA and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.L.N., S.M.D.); the Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (P.D.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (A.M.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (F.J.C.); the Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC (M.S.), and the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD (G.C.-T.) - both in Australia; the Clinical Genetics Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (M.R.); and the Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal (W.D.F.)
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