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Kunimura K, Nakamoto M, Ushijima M. S-1-Propenylcysteine Enhances Endurance Capacity of Mice by Stimulating Fatty Acid Metabolism via Muscle Isoform of Carnitine Acyltransferase-1. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00408-5. [PMID: 39053609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance is an important capacity to sustain healthy lifestyles. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to exert an endurance-enhancing effect in clinical and animal studies, although little is known about its active ingredients and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur amino acid in AGE, on the swimming endurance of mice, and examined its mechanism of action by a metabolomics-based approach. METHODS Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (6 wk old) were orally administered either water (control) or S1PC (6.5 mg/kg/d) for 2 wk. The swimming duration to exhaustion was measured at 24 h after the final administration. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the plasma samples obtained from mice after 40-min submaximal swimming bouts. Subsequently, the enzyme activity of carnitine acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the content of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were quantified in heart, skeletal muscles, and liver of mice. RESULTS The duration time of swimming was substantially increased in the S1PC-treated mice as compared with the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the plasma concentration of the metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism, in particular medium- or long-chain acylcarnitines in the mice treated with S1PC. Moreover, the administration of S1PC significantly enhanced the CPT-1 activity with the concomitant decrease in the malonyl-CoA content in the heart and skeletal muscles. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by the elevation of the acetyl-CoA and ATP levels to enhance the energy production in those tissues. CONCLUSIONS S1PC is a key constituent responsible for the endurance-enhancing effect of AGE. This study suggests that S1PC helps provide energy during endurance exercise by increasing fatty acid metabolism via CPT-1 activation in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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Liu H, Fan D, Wang J, Wang Y, Li A, Wu S, Zhang B, Liu J, Wang S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 Isolated from Infant Feces Ameliorates the Alcoholic Liver Damage by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2139. [PMID: 38999886 PMCID: PMC11243132 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term or heavy drinking, and it may further progress into alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Probiotic supplements have been suggested for the prevention or improvement of liver damage. This study was designed to consider the ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 isolated from infant feces against alcoholic liver damage. The mice were gavaged with a 50% ethanol solution and treated with 109 CFU of L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 suspension. The factors for liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and intestinal barrier integrity were measured. The results showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could decrease the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to 61% and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 50% compared with ethanol given by gavage. It could inhibit the expression level of malondialdehyde (MDA), increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) to relieve oxidative stress, and down-regulate the cytokines to decrease hepatic inflammation. After treatment, the level of triglycerides was reduced, and the expression levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) pathway were up-regulated. Additionally, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, etc. At the same time, L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could significantly reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and enhance intestinal tight junction proteins. These results demonstrated that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could reduce the level of oxidative stress, fat accumulation, and liver inflammation caused by alcohol in the host. The underlying mechanism could be that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 inhibits LPS by regulating the gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier. Thereby, these findings support L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 as a potential functional food for the relief of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuanyifei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Gao N, Liu Y, Liu G, Liu B, Cheng Y. Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3360-3376. [PMID: 38726415 PMCID: PMC11077191 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of hyperlipidemia is a serious threat to public health. The development of effective and safe lipid-lowering drugs with few side effects is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii extract (SVE) in rat experiments and reveal the molecular mechanism by transcriptome analysis. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the animals using a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, hyperlipidemic rats were assigned into two control groups (model and positive simvastatin control) and three treatment groups that received SVE at 200, 400, or 800 mg kg-1 day-1 for another 4 weeks. A last control group comprised normal chow-fed rats. At the end of the 8th week, rats were sacrificed and lipid serum levels, histopathology, and liver transcriptome profiles were determined. SVE was demonstrated to relieve the lipid disorder and improve histopathological liver changes in a dose-dependent manner. The transcriptomic analysis identified changes in hepatocyte gene activity for major pathways including steroid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, AMPK signaling, thyroid hormone signaling, and glucagon signaling. The changed expression of crucial genes in the different groups was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, this study revealed that SVE could relieve hyperlipidemia in rats, the molecular mechanism might be to promote the metabolism of lipids and the excretion of cholesterol, inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and the glucagon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringHeilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational CollegeHarbinChina
| | - Yupeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
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Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Pan S, Zhou Q, Ji H, Zhu X. TM7SF2-induced lipid reprogramming promotes cell proliferation and migration via CPT1A/Wnt/β-Catenin axis in cervical cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:207. [PMID: 38693136 PMCID: PMC11063194 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer poses a serious threat to women's health globally. Our previous studies found that upregulation of TM7SF2, which works as an enzyme involved in the process of cholesterol biosynthesis expression, was highly correlated with cervical cancer. However, the mechanistic basis of TM7SF2 promoting cervical cancer progression via lipid metabolism remains poorly understood. Therefore, quantification of fatty acids and lipid droplets were performed in vitro and in vivo. The protein-protein interaction was verified by Co-IP technique. The mechanism and underlying signaling pathway of TM7SF2 via CPT1A associated lipid metabolism in cervical cancer development were explored using Western blotting, IHC, colony formation, transwell assay, and wound healing assay. This study reported that overexpression of TM7SF2 increased fatty acids content and lipid droplets both in vivo and in vitro experiments. While knockout of TM7SF2 obviously attenuated this process. Moreover, TM7SF2 directly bonded with CPT1A, a key enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, and regulated CPT1A protein expression in cervical cancer cells. Notably, the proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells were elevated when their CPT1A expression was upregulated. Then, rescue assay identified that CPT1A overexpressed could enhance the cell viability and migration in TM7SF2-knockout cells. Furthermore, depletion of TM7SF2 significantly inhibited WNT and β-catenin proteins expression, which was enhanced by CPT1A-overexpressed. The proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells were reversed in CPT1A-overexpressed cells with the treatment of MSAB, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. This study put forward an idea that TM7SF2-induced lipid reprogramming promotes proliferation and migration via CPT1A/Wnt/β-Catenin axis in cervical cancer, underlying the progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Chen H, Wu Q, Chen X, Yu X, Zhao H, Huang Q, Huang Y, Wang J, Huang X, Wei J, Wu F, Xiao X, Wang L. Gestational supplementation of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus attenuates hepatic steatosis in offspring mice through promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3064-3077. [PMID: 38578136 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus (BLS) are widely recognized as the crucially beneficial bacteria in the gut. Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown their protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether gestational BLS supplementation could alleviate NAFLD in the offspring is still unknown. Kunming mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating. They received BLS supplementation by gavage during pregnancy. After weaning, offspring mice were fed with a regular diet up to 5 weeks old. Gestational BLS supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteriota, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum in the gut of dams exposed to HFD. In offspring mice exposed to maternal HFD, maternal BLS intake significantly decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes as well as the relative abundance of Prevotella and Streptococcus, but increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides. In offspring mice, maternal BLS supplementation significantly decreased the hepatic triglyceride content and mitigated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, maternal BLS supplementation increased the glutathione content and reduced malondialdehyde content in the liver. In addition, mRNA and protein expression levels of key rate-limiting enzymes in mitochondrial β-oxidation (CPT1α, PPARα, and PGC1α) in the livers of offspring mice were significantly increased after gestational BLS supplementation. Thus, gestational BLS supplementation may ameliorate maternal HFD-induced steatosis and oxidative stress in the livers of offspring mice by modulating fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinting Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Saorin A, Saorin G, Duzagac F, Parisse P, Cao N, Corona G, Cavarzerani E, Rizzolio F. Microfluidic production of amiodarone loaded nanoparticles and application in drug repositioning in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6280. [PMID: 38491077 PMCID: PMC10943008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone repositioning in cancer treatment is promising, however toxicity limits seem to arise, constraining its exploitability. Notably, amiodarone has been investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a tumour known for metastasizing within the peritoneal cavity. This is associated with an increase of fatty acid oxidation, which strongly depends on CPT1A, a transport protein which has been found overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Amiodarone is an inhibitor of CPT1A but its role still has to be explored. Therefore, in the present study, amiodarone was tested on ovarian cancer cell lines with a focus on lipid alteration, confirming its activity. Moreover, considering that drug delivery systems could lower drug side effects, microfluidics was employed for the development of drug delivery systems of amiodarone obtaining simultaneously liposomes with a high payload and amiodarone particles. Prior to amiodarone loading, microfluidics production was optimized in term of temperature and flow rate ratio. Moreover, stability over time of particles was evaluated. In vitro tests confirmed the efficacy of the drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ni Cao
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
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Wu XF, Liu Y, Zhan JS, Huang QL, Li WY. A novel splice variant of goat CPT1a gene and their diverse mRNA expression profiles. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2571-2581. [PMID: 36047452 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Alternative splicing (AS) of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and their expression profiles had never been illuminated in goats until now. Herein, a novel splice transcript in the CPT1a gene that is predicted to result in the skipping of exons 6-19 (CPT1a-sv1) has been isolated in addition to the full-length transcript in goats. The result of RT-PCR showed that CPT1a-sv1 is 606 bp in length and consists of 6 exons. A novel exon 6 was consisted of partial exon 5 and partial exon 19, compared to that in CPT1a. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of CPT1a and CPT1a-sv1 are spatially different. In both kid and adult goats, the CPT1a transcript is strongly expressed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain tissues. However, CPT1a-sv1 has a strong tissue-specific expression pattern, with moderate RNA levels in the liver and brain of kids, while highly expressed in the liver and minimally expressed in the brain of adults. We observed two transcripts to be involved in brain development. These findings improve our understanding of the function of the CPT1a gene in goats and provide information on the molecular mechanism of AS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Shun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin-Lou Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Yang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Fosch A, Garcia-Chica J, Zagmutt S, Casals N. Targeting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 isoforms in the hypothalamus: A promising strategy to regulate energy balance. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13234. [PMID: 36735894 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tackling the growing incidence and prevalence of obesity urgently requires uncovering new molecular pathways with therapeutic potential. The brain, and in particular the hypothalamus, is a major integrator of metabolic signals from peripheral tissues that regulate functions such as feeding behavior and energy expenditure. In obesity, hypothalamic capacity to sense nutritional status and regulate these functions is altered. An emerging line of research is that hypothalamic lipid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating energy balance. Here, we focus on the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme family responsible for long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The evidence suggests that two of its isoforms expressed in the brain, CPT1A and CPT1C, play a crucial role in hypothalamic lipid metabolism, and their promise as targets in food intake and bodyweight management is currently being intensively investigated. In this review we describe and discuss the metabolic actions and potential up- and downstream effectors of hypothalamic CPT1 isoforms, and posit the need to develop innovative nanomedicine platforms for selective targeting of CPT1 and related nutrient sensors in specific brain areas as potential next-generation therapy to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Fosch
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jesús Garcia-Chica
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nuria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vianey-Saban C, Guffon N, Fouilhoux A, Acquaviva C. Fifty years of research on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: The remaining challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:848-873. [PMID: 37530674 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD) in 1973, more than 20 defects have been identified. Although there are some differences, most FAOD have similar clinical signs, which are mainly due to energy depletion and toxicity of accumulated metabolites. However, some of them have an unusual clinical phenotype or specific clinical signs. This manuscript focuses on what we have learnt so far on the pathophysiology of these disorders, which present with clinical signs that are not typical of categorical FAOD. It also highlights that some disorders have not yet been identified and tries to make assumptions to explain why. It also deals with new treatments under consideration in FAOD, including triheptanoin and similar anaplerotic substrates, ketone body treatments, RNA and gene therapy approaches. Finally, it suggests challenges for the diagnosis of FAOD in the coming years, both for symptomatic patients and for those diagnosed through newborn screening. The ultimate goal would be to identify all the patients born with FAOD and ensure for them the best possible quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vianey-Saban
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
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Berenjian A, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Sharifi SD. A nutrigenomics approach to study the effects of ω-3 fatty acids in laying hens under physiological stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198247. [PMID: 37560158 PMCID: PMC10407228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplement of ω-3 fatty acids can decrease the harmful effects of stress. However, the potential molecular mechanisms that are modulated by dietary ω-3 fatty acids in laying hens under stress remain unknown. Hence, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to gain new insights into different gene expression profiles and potential pathways involved in response to stress in the liver of 35-week-old Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens supplemented with ω-3. Three groups including control (non-stress), stress, and stress_ω-3 fatty acids (three layers per each group) were applied. A total of 1,321 genes were detected as differentially expressed genes of which 701, 1,049, and 86 DEGs belonged to stress vs. control, stress_ω-3 vs. control, and stress vs. stress_ω-3 pairwise comparisons, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in particular regulation of steroid and cholesterol biosynthetic process, fatty acid degradation, AMPK signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, and immune response. Our data represented a promising approach regarding the importance of ω-3 as anxiolytic and anti-stress. In this context, UNC13B and ADRA1B genes were downregulated in the stress_ω-3 group compared to the stress group, which are associated with decreased activity of glutamatergic stimulatory neurons and probably play important role in facilitating the response to stress. This study extends the current understanding of the liver transcriptome response to physiological stress, and provides new insights into the molecular responses to stress in laying hens fed a diet supplemented with ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seyed Davood Sharifi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Keizer HG, Brands R, Seinen W. An AMP Kinase-pathway dependent integrated stress response regulates ageing and longevity. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3. [PMID: 36877293 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the AMP-kinase pathway (AMPK pathway) in the induction of a concomitant set of health benefits by exercise, numerous drugs, and health ingredients, all of which are adversely affected by ageing. Despite the AMPK pathway being frequently mentioned in relation to both these health effects and ageing, it appears challenging to understand how the activation of a single biochemical pathway by various treatments can produce such a diverse range of concurrent health benefits, involving so many organs. We discovered that the AMPK pathway functions as an integrated stress response system because of the presence of a feedback loop in it. This evolutionary conserved stress response system detects changes in AMP/ATP and NAD/NADH ratios, as well as the presence of potential toxins, and responds by activating a common protective transcriptional response that protects against aging and promotes longevity. The inactivation of the AMPK pathway with age most likely explains why ageing has a negative impact on the above-mentioned set of health benefits. We conclude that the presence of a feedback loop in the AMP-kinase pathway positions this pathway as an AMPK-ISR (AMP Kinase-dependent integrated stress response) system that responds to almost any type of (moderate) environmental stress by inducing various age-related health benefits and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Keizer
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Brands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Seinen
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Wu Y, Zhao F, Sure VN, Ibrahim A, Yu C, Carr SM, Song P. Human ApoE2 Endows Stronger Contractility in Rat Cardiomyocytes Enhancing Heart Function. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030347. [PMID: 36766690 PMCID: PMC9913850 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a critical plasma apolipoprotein for lipid transport and nonlipid-related functions. Humans possess three isoforms of ApoE (2, 3, and 4). ApoE2, which exhibits beneficial effects on cardiac health, has not been adequately studied. (2) Methods: We investigated the cardiac phenotypes of the humanized ApoE knock-in (hApoE KI) rats and compared to wild-type (WT) and ApoE knock-out (ApoE KO) rats using echocardiography, ultrasound, blood pressure measurements, histology strategies, cell culture, Seahorse XF, cardiomyocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ tests, and Western blotting; (3) Results: hApoE2 rats exhibited enhanced heart contractile function without signs of detrimental remodeling. Isolated adult hApoE2 cardiomyocytes had faster and stronger sarcomere contractility because of more mitochondrial energy generation and stimulation-induced fast and elevated intracellular Ca2+ transient. The abundant energy is a result of elevated mitochondrial function via fatty acid β-oxidation. The fast and elevated Ca2+ transient is associated with decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) and increased expression of cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) conducting a potent Ca2+ release from SR.; (4) Conclusions: Our studies validated the association of polymorphic ApoEs with cardiac health in the rat model, and revealed the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of ApoE2 against heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.S.); Tel.: +1-404-413-6636 (P.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Song
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.S.); Tel.: +1-404-413-6636 (P.S.)
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13
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor of the brain defined by its uniform lethality and resistance to conventional therapies. There have been considerable efforts to untangle the metabolic underpinnings of this disease to find novel therapeutic avenues for treatment. An emerging focus in this field is fatty acid (FA) metabolism, which is critical for numerous diverse biological processes involved in GBM pathogenesis. These processes can be classified into four broad fates: anabolism, catabolism, regulation of ferroptosis, and the generation of signaling molecules. Each fate provides a unique perspective by which we can inspect GBM biology and gives us a road map to understanding this complicated field. This Review discusses the basic, translational, and clinical insights into each of these fates to provide a contemporary understanding of FA biology in GBM. It is clear, based on the literature, that there are far more questions than answers in the field of FA metabolism in GBM, and substantial efforts should be made to untangle these complex processes in this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Luo Z, Li M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Liu F, Gong L, Han L, Wang M. Ferulic Acid Prevents Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Fatty Acid Oxidation and Energy Expenditure in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122530. [PMID: 35745260 PMCID: PMC9230086 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a consensus that ferulic acid (FA), the most prominent phenolic acid in whole grains, displays a protective effect in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though its underlying mechanism not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of FA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and its potential mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control diet (CON) group, the HFD group, and the treatment (HFD+FA) group, fed with an HFD and FA (100 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Oil Red O staining were used to evaluate liver tissue pathological changes and lipid accumulation respectively. It was demonstrated that FA supplementation prevented HFD-induced NAFLD, which was evidenced by the decreased accumulation of lipid and hepatic steatosis in the HFD+FA group. Specifically, FA supplementation decreased hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) content by 33.5% (p < 0.01). Metabolic cage studies reveal that FA-treated mice have elevated energy expenditure by 11.5% during dark phases. Mechanistically, FA treatment increases the expression of rate-limiting enzymes of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body biosynthesis CPT1A, ACOX1 and HMGCS2, which are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) targets in liver. In conclusion, FA could effectively prevent HFD-induced NAFLD possibly by activating PPARα to increase energy expenditure and decrease the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Mengqian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.L.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-029-8709-2486
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15
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng S. “Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:810152. [PMID: 35571045 PMCID: PMC9095427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the concurrence of multiple metabolic disorders resulting in the increased risk of a variety of diseases related to disrupted metabolism homeostasis. The prevalence of MetS has reached a pandemic level worldwide. In recent years, extensive amount of data have been generated throughout the research targeted or related to the condition with techniques including high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence, and with these “big data”, the prevention of MetS could be pushed to an earlier stage with different data source, data mining tools and analytic tools at different levels. In this review we briefly summarize the recent advances in the study of “big data” applications in the three-level disease prevention for MetS, and illustrate how these technologies could contribute tobetter preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Jiang
- Department of United Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanglin Deng
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanglin Deng,
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16
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Role of macronutrient intake in the epigenetics of obesity. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:487-497. [PMID: 34994392 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Despite extensive study, contemporary through diet, exercise, education, surgery, and pharmacological treatments, no effective long-term solution has been found to this epidemic. Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous advancement in understanding the science of epigenetics, as well as a rise in public interest in learning more about the influence of diet and lifestyle choices on the health of an individual. Without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations impact gene expression. Previous animal studies have shown a link between the type of diet and expression or suppression of obesity genes, but there are very few human studies that demonstrate the relationship between dietary intake and obesity gene expression. This review highlights the effects of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein intake from the diet on obesity-related genes.
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17
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Li ZQ, Li JJ, Lin ZZ, Zhang DH, Zhang GF, Ran JS, Wang Y, Yin HD, Liu YP. Knockdown of CPT1A Induce Chicken Adipocyte Differentiation to Form Lipid Droplets. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZQ Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - JJ Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - ZZ Lin
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - DH Zhang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - GF Zhang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - JS Ran
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Y Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - HD Yin
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - YP Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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18
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Heiserman JP, Nallanthighal S, Gifford CC, Graham K, Samarakoon R, Gao C, Sage JJ, Zhang W, Higgins PJ, Cheon DJ. Heat Shock Protein 27, a Novel Downstream Target of Collagen Type XI alpha 1, Synergizes with Fatty Acid Oxidation to Confer Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194855. [PMID: 34638339 PMCID: PMC8508313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) is a novel biomarker associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer and a promoter of ovarian cancer cell resistance to cisplatin. However, it is poorly understood how COL11A1 promotes ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance. We performed assays to discover the biological molecules that are activated by COL11A1 in ovarian cancer cells. We found that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), a cellular stress response protein, is activated by COL11A1. Furthermore, we observed that depletion and drug inhibition of HSP27 makes ovarian cancer cells grown on COL11A1 to be more susceptible to cisplatin treatment. We also discovered that ovarian cancer cells upregulate fatty acid oxidation (FAO), a metabolic process that breaks down fats to generate energy and biomolecules, to compensate for the loss of HSP27. Our findings have therapeutic implications for clinicians who wish to treat ovarian tumors that maintain high levels of COL11A1 and HSP27. Abstract Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) is a novel biomarker associated with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. We have previously reported that COL11A1 activates Src-Akt signaling through the collagen receptors discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and integrin α1β1 to confer cisplatin resistance to ovarian cancer cells. To identify the potential signaling molecules downstream of COL11A1 signaling, we performed protein kinase arrays and identified heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) as a potential mediator of COL11A1-induced cisplatin resistance. Through receptor knockdown and inhibitor experiments, we demonstrated that COL11A1 significantly upregulates HSP27 phosphorylation and expression via DDR2/integrin α1β1 and Src/Akt signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of HSP27, via ivermectin treatment, significantly sensitizes ovarian cancer cells cultured on COL11A1 to cisplatin treatment. HSP27 knockdown or inhibition also decreases NFκB activity as well as the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which are known downstream effector molecules of COL11A1 that promote cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, HSP27 knockdown or inhibition stimulates ovarian cancer cells to upregulate fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival and cisplatin resistance, and dual inhibition of HSP27 and FAO synergistically kills ovarian cancer cells that are cultured on COL11A1. Collectively, this study identifies HSP27 as a novel and druggable COL11A1 downstream effector molecule that may be targeted to overcome cisplatin resistance in recurrent ovarian cancer, which often overexpress COL11A1.
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19
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Wang Y, Pan H, chen D, Guo D, Wang X. Targeting at cancer energy metabolism and lipid droplet formation as new treatment strategies for epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in colorectal cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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L-Carnitine in Drosophila: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121310. [PMID: 33371457 PMCID: PMC7767417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays a key role in the metabolism of fatty acids, including the shuttling of long-chain fatty acyl CoA to fuel mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, L-carnitine reduces oxidative damage and plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. L-carnitine also plays an essential role in the control of cerebral functions, and the aberrant regulation of genes involved in carnitine biosynthesis and mitochondrial carnitine transport in Drosophila models has been linked to neurodegeneration. Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases provide a powerful platform to both unravel the molecular pathways that contribute to neurodegeneration and identify potential therapeutic targets. Drosophila can biosynthesize L-carnitine, and its carnitine transport system is similar to the human transport system; moreover, evidence from a defective Drosophila mutant for one of the carnitine shuttle genes supports the hypothesis of the occurrence of β-oxidation in glial cells. Hence, Drosophila models could advance the understanding of the links between L-carnitine and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge on L-carnitine in Drosophila and discusses the role of the L-carnitine pathway in fly models of neurodegeneration.
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21
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De Oliveira MP, Liesa M. The Role of Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival. Cells 2020; 9:E2600. [PMID: 33291682 PMCID: PMC7761891 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors remodel their metabolism to support anabolic processes needed for replication, as well as to survive nutrient scarcity and oxidative stress imposed by their changing environment. In most healthy tissues, the shift from anabolism to catabolism results in decreased glycolysis and elevated fatty acid oxidation (FAO). This change in the nutrient selected for oxidation is regulated by the glucose-fatty acid cycle, also known as the Randle cycle. Briefly, this cycle consists of a decrease in glycolysis caused by increased mitochondrial FAO in muscle as a result of elevated extracellular fatty acid availability. Closing the cycle, increased glycolysis in response to elevated extracellular glucose availability causes a decrease in mitochondrial FAO. This competition between glycolysis and FAO and its relationship with anabolism and catabolism is conserved in some cancers. Accordingly, decreasing glycolysis to lactate, even by diverting pyruvate to mitochondria, can stop proliferation. Moreover, colorectal cancer cells can effectively shift to FAO to survive both glucose restriction and increases in oxidative stress at the expense of decreasing anabolism. However, a subset of B-cell lymphomas and other cancers require a concurrent increase in mitochondrial FAO and glycolysis to support anabolism and proliferation, thus escaping the competing nature of the Randle cycle. How mitochondria are remodeled in these FAO-dependent lymphomas to preferably oxidize fat, while concurrently sustaining high glycolysis and increasing de novo fatty acid synthesis is unclear. Here, we review studies focusing on the role of mitochondrial FAO and mitochondrial-driven lipid synthesis in cancer proliferation and survival, specifically in colorectal cancer and lymphomas. We conclude that a specific metabolic liability of these FAO-dependent cancers could be a unique remodeling of mitochondrial function that licenses elevated FAO concurrent to high glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. In addition, blocking this mitochondrial remodeling could selectively stop growth of tumors that shifted to mitochondrial FAO to survive oxidative stress and nutrient scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pinto De Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Zhu ZM, Yin PH, Xu K. Effects and mechanisms of fatty acid metabolism‑mediated glycolysis regulated by betulinic acid‑loaded nanoliposomes in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2595-2609. [PMID: 33125108 PMCID: PMC7640364 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that triterpenoids, such as betulinic acid (BA), can inhibit tumor cell growth, their potential targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) metabolism have not been systematically investigated. In the present study, BA‑loaded nanoliposomes (BA‑NLs) were prepared, and their effects on CRC cell lines were evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the anticancer mechanisms of action of BA‑NLs in fatty acid metabolism‑mediated glycolysis, and investigate the role of key targets, such as acyl‑CoA synthetase (ACSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and acetyl CoA, in promoting glycolysis, which is activated by inducing hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase‑1 (PFK‑1), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate kinase (PK) expression. The results demonstrated that BA‑NLs significantly suppressed the proliferation and glucose uptake of CRC cells by regulating potential glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism targets and pathways, which forms the basis of the anti‑CRC function of BA‑NLs. Moreover, the effects of BA‑NLs were further validated by demonstrating that the key targets of HK2, PFK‑1, PEP and PK isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) in glycolysis, and of ACSL1, CPT1a and PEP in fatty acid metabolism, were blocked by BA‑NLs, which play key roles in the inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acid‑mediated production of pyruvate and lactate. The results of the present study may provide a deeper understanding supporting the hypothesis that liposomal BA may regulate alternative metabolic pathways implicated in CRC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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23
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Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Smith CE, Guo T, Sayols-Baixeras S, Aslibekyan S, Tiwari HK, Irvin MR, Bender C, Fei D, Hidalgo B, Hopkins PN, Absher DM, Province MA, Elosua R, Arnett DK, Ordovas JM. Carbohydrate and fat intake associated with risk of metabolic diseases through epigenetics of CPT1A. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1200-1211. [PMID: 32930325 PMCID: PMC7657341 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome-wide association studies identified the cg00574958 DNA methylation site at the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) gene to be associated with reduced risk of metabolic diseases (hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome), but the mechanism underlying these associations is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate whether carbohydrate and fat intakes modulate cg00574958 methylation and the risk of metabolic diseases. METHODS We examined associations between carbohydrate (CHO) and fat (FAT) intake, as percentages of total diet energy, and the CHO/FAT ratio with CPT1A-cg00574958, and the risk of metabolic diseases in 3 populations (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network, n = 978; Framingham Heart Study, n = 2331; and REgistre GIroní del COR study, n = 645) while adjusting for confounding factors. To understand possible causal effects of dietary intake on the risk of metabolic diseases, we performed meta-analysis, CPT1A transcription analysis, and mediation analysis with CHO and FAT intakes as exposures and cg00574958 methylation as the mediator. RESULTS We confirmed strong associations of cg00574958 methylation with metabolic phenotypes (BMI, triglyceride, glucose) and diseases in all 3 populations. Our results showed that CHO intake and CHO/FAT ratio were positively associated with cg00574958 methylation, whereas FAT intake was negatively correlated with cg00574958 methylation. Meta-analysis further confirmed this strong correlation, with β = 58.4 ± 7.27, P = 8.98 x 10-16 for CHO intake; β = -36.4 ± 5.95, P = 9.96 x 10-10 for FAT intake; and β = 3.30 ± 0.49, P = 1.48 x 10-11 for the CHO/FAT ratio. Furthermore, CPT1A mRNA expression was negatively associated with CHO intake, and positively associated with FAT intake, and metabolic phenotypes. Mediation analysis supports the hypothesis that CHO intake induces CPT1A methylation, hence reducing the risk of metabolic diseases, whereas FAT intake inhibits CPT1A methylation, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the proportion of total energy supplied by CHO and FAT can have a causal effect on the risk of metabolic diseases via the epigenetic status of CPT1A.Study registration at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/: the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN)-NCT01023750; and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS)-NCT00005121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Guo
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carl Bender
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Fei
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Devin M Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Wang L, Li C, Song Y, Yan Z. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A-induced fatty acid oxidation suppresses cell progression in gastric cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108664. [PMID: 33157102 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) has a high rate of metastasis which thereason leading to death. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1A) has been reported to play a critical obstacle to various types of cancer progression, which is an attractive focus in anti-cancer therapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CPT1A involved in GC have not been clarified clear. METHODS To determine the expression of CPT1A in human GC tissues and cells and illustrate whether it is correlated with the clinical pathologic characteristics and prognosis in GC patients. Its roles and potential mechanisms in regulating tumor growth and invasion were evaluated by CPT1A knockdown/overexpression of GC cells in vitro. RESULTS Marked upregulation of CPT1A protein expression was observed in GC cells and tissues, which was associated with grade, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with GC. CPT1A overexpression also promoted the proliferation, invasion, EMT process of GC cells. In addition, CPT1A upregulation activated GC cell fatty acid oxidation (FAO) via increasing NADP+/NADPH ratio, whereas inhibiting of FAO abolished the effects of CPT1A on GC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION Our results examine that CPT1A-mediated FAO activation increases GC cell proliferation and migration, supporting that CPT1A is a useful prognostic biomarker and an attractive focus for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Yumei Song
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - ZhenKun Yan
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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Identification of CPT1A as a Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Establishment of a Risk Signature of CPT1A-Related Genes. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:9493256. [PMID: 33381539 PMCID: PMC7757118 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9493256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the expression, clinical significance, and biological role of CPT1A in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). We used the TCGA database and clinical pathology of tissue specimens to study the expression of CPT1A in KIRC. The expression of CPT1A in the kidney cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in the normal tissue. Survival curves demonstrated that the expression was correlated with prognosis in patients. We used the plasmid transfection method to explore the biological role of CPT1A in renal cancer cells and performed CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell invasion experiments. The results demonstrated that CPT1A can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells. Subsequently, we employed a bioinformatics analysis to further elucidate the role of CPT1A. The PPI network diagram was plotted, along with the coexpression diagram, between CPT1A and ten associated genes. The heat map was plotted, and the hazard ratio analysis of these eleven genes in KIRC was performed. Furthermore, the CPT1A, LPL, CPT2, and EHHADH genes were used to establish a reliable prognostic risk signature in KIRC. GSEA analysis demonstrated that CPT1A modulates tumor development via a variety of biological pathways in KIRC. We believe that CPT1A most likely suppresses tumor progression by employing tumor "slimming" in KIRC. Collectively, the results indicate the potential of CPT1A as a novel prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in KIRC.
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Seok J, Jung HS, Park S, Lee JO, Kim CJ, Kim GJ. Alteration of fatty acid oxidation by increased CPT1A on replicative senescence of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 31900237 PMCID: PMC6941254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. However, a limited lifespan by senescence through mechanisms that are well unknown is the greatest obstacle. In the present study, we first demonstrated the characterization of replicative senescent PD-MSCs and their possible mitochondrial functional alterations. Methods Human PD-MSCs were cultured to senescent cells for a long period of time. The cells of before passage number 8 were early cells and after passage number 14 were late cells. Also, immortalized cells of PD-MSCs (overexpressed hTERT gene into PD-MSCs) after passage number 14 were positive control of non-senescent cells. The characterization and mitochondria analysis of PD-MSCs were explored with long-term cultivation. Results Long-term cultivation of PD-MSCs exhibited increases of senescent markers such as SA-β-gal and p21 including apoptotic factor, and decreases of proliferation, differentiation potential, and survival factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed in membrane potential and metabolic flexibility with enlarged mitochondrial mass. Interestingly, we founded that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is an important metabolism in PD-MSCs, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase1A (CPT1A) overexpressed in senescent PD-MSCs. The inhibition of CPT1A induced a change of energy metabolism and reversed senescence of PD-MSCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that alteration of FAO by increased CPT1A plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence of PD-MSCs during long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Li WY, Liu Y, Gao CF, Lan XY, Wu XF. A novel duplicated insertion/deletion (InDel) of the CPT1a gene and its effects on growth traits in goat. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:343-351. [PMID: 31809636 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1698433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) is a rate-limited enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. It acts as a bridge between PPARα and the fatty acid oxidation pathways and is closely related to ruminant growth and development. In this study, one 12 bp InDel polymorphism of the CPT1a gene was identified in 700 goats, and we designated these three genotypes II, ID, and DD. Association analysis showed that the InDel polymorphism was closely associated with trunk index (p = 0.008) and body length index (p = 0.034) in Hainan black goats, and body length (p = 0.010), chest circumference (p = 0.004), chest depth (p = 0.029), and huckle bone width (p = 0.002) in Nubian goats, as well as the chest circumference (p = 0.016) in the Fuqing goat breed. In both kids and adult goats, qRT-PCR results showed that the CPT1a gene was expressed in all tissues, showing the highest mRNA levels in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney, followed by the adipose tissue and brain. This indicates an association between the InDel of the CPT1a gene and growth traits in selected goat breeds, which may facilitate marker-assisted selection in goat genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Fang Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xian-Yong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xian-Feng Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Oney-Birol S. Exogenous L-Carnitine Promotes Plant Growth and Cell Division by Mitigating Genotoxic Damage of Salt Stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17229. [PMID: 31754247 PMCID: PMC6872569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine is a fundamental ammonium compound responsible for energy metabolism in all living organisms. It is an oxidative stress regulator, especially in bacteria and yeast and lipid metabolism in plants. Besides its metabolic functions, l-carnitine has detoxification and antioxidant roles in the cells. Due to the complex interrelationship of l-carnitine between lipid metabolism and salinity dependent oxidative stress, this study investigates the exogenous l-carnitine (1 mM) function on seed germination, cell division and chromosome behaviour in barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bulbul-89) under different salt stress concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 M). The present work showed that l-carnitine pretreatment could not be successful to stimulate cell division on barley seeds under non-stressed conditions compared to stressed conditions. Depending on increasing salinity without pretreatment with l-carnitine, the mitotic index significantly decreased in barley seeds. Pretreatment of barley seeds with l-carnitine under salt stress conditions was found promising as a plant growth promoter and stimulator of mitosis. In addition, pretreatment of barley seeds with l-carnitine alleviated detrimental effects of salt stress on chromosome structure and it protected cells from the genotoxic effects of salt. This may be caused by the antioxidant and protective action of the l-carnitine. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the exogenous application of 1 mM l-carnitine mitigates the harmful effects of salt stress by increasing mitosis and decreasing DNA damage caused by oxidative stress on barley seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signem Oney-Birol
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030, Turkey.
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Frigini EN, Barrera EE, Pantano S, Porasso RD. Role of membrane curvature on the activation/deactivation of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A: A coarse grain molecular dynamic study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183094. [PMID: 31705849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT 1A) is an enzyme anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), where it regulates the passage of fatty acids into the mitochondria and intervenes in the process of β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. Although CPT 1A is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, its activity is also modulated by the curvature of OMM. This modulation depends on the behavior of the N-terminal domain (NTD), which can be adsorbed onto the OMM (nonactive CPT 1A) or interacting with the C-terminal domain (active CPT 1A). Aimed to provide mechanistic insights on the regulatory mechanism of CPT 1A, we studied the influence of the bilayer curvature on the NTD behavior through a series of coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations using curved and planar membranes. Comparative analysis suggests that the main determinant for the activation/deactivation of the enzyme is the tilt angle orientation of the transmembrane (TM) domains. Planar membranes induce a wide variation on the tilt angle orientation of TM helices, while curved geometries promote small angles with the membrane normal. Our results identify the first TM domain as an important component of the membrane sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel N Frigini
- Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), CONICET, Facultad de Quimica, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Exequiel E Barrera
- Biomolecular Simulations Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Pantano
- Biomolecular Simulations Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo D Porasso
- Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), CONICET, Facultad de Quimica, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis 5700, Argentina.
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Hsieh CH, Cheung CHY, Liu YL, Hou CL, Hsu CL, Huang CT, Yang TS, Chen SF, Chen CN, Hsu WM, Huang HC, Juan HF. Quantitative Proteomics of Th-MYCN Transgenic Mice Reveals Aurora Kinase Inhibitor Altered Metabolic Pathways and Enhanced ACADM To Suppress Neuroblastoma Progression. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3850-3866. [PMID: 31560547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a neural crest-derived embryonal tumor and accounts for about 15% of all cancer deaths in children. MYCN amplification is associated with aggressive and advanced stage of high-risk neuroblastoma, which remains difficult to treat and exhibits poor survival under current multimodality treatment. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of neuroblastoma patients and showed that aurora kinases lead to poor survival and had positive correlation with MYCN amplification and high-risk disease. Further, pan-aurora kinase inhibitor (tozasertib) treatment not only induces cell-cycle arrest and suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in MYCN-amplified (MNA) neuroblastoma cell lines, but also inhibits tumor growth and prolongs animal survival in Th-MYCN transgenic mice. Moreover, we performed quantitative proteomics and identified 150 differentially expressed proteins after tozasertib treatment in the Th-MYCN mouse model. The functional and network-based enrichment revealed that tozasertib alters metabolic processes and identified a mitochondrial flavoenzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, ACADM, which is correlated with aurora kinases and neuroblastoma patient survival. Our findings indicate that the aurora kinase inhibitor could cause metabolic imbalance, possibly by disturbing carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolic pathways, and ACADM may be a potential target in MNA neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | | | - Tsai-Shan Yang
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Nien Chen
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
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Fang X, Sun R, Hu Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Yang B, Pi J, Xu Y. miRNA-182-5p, via HIF2α, contributes to arsenic carcinogenesis: evidence from human renal epithelial cells. Metallomics 2019; 10:1607-1617. [PMID: 30334557 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high levels of arsenic has been associated with high risks for many cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, chronic arsenite exposure (2 μM or 5 μM, 30 weeks) induced malignant transformation of HK-2 human renal epithelial cells as indicated by elevated colony formation (6.2- and 5.4-fold increase, respectively), secreted MMP-9 activity (10.1- and 11.3-fold increase, respectively) and proliferation rate (1.2- and 1.3-fold increase in 72 h, respectively). Lipid accumulation, typical of clear cell RCC, was observed in arsenic-transformed (As-TM) cells. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) and suppression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were found at the level of mRNA (1.5- and 0.49-fold of control, respectively) and protein (4.0- and 0.28-fold of control, respectively) after exposure to 2 μM arsenite for 20 weeks. Silencing of HIF2α significantly attenuated arsenite-induced malignant phenotypes and lipid accumulation. Inactivation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and impaired protein degradation of HIF2α were not found in As-TM cells. Expression of miR-182-5p and miR-802 in As-TM cells was 42.4% and 54.0% of control, respectively (p < 0.05). The levels of mRNA and protein of HIF2α were increased 2.4 folds and 1.6 folds of negative control in response to the miR-182-5p inhibitor, respectively, but decreased to 58.1% and 50.1% of negative control in response to miR-182-5p mimics, respectively. No significant alteration was observed in HIF2α expression when miR-802 was silenced. Our data provide further evidence for the carcinogenic role of arsenic in the kidney. Moreover, the miR-182-5p/HIF2α pathway is indicated to be involved in malignant transformation of human renal epithelial cells under arsenite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China110122.
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Gille A, Stojnic B, Derwenskus F, Trautmann A, Schmid-Staiger U, Posten C, Briviba K, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J. A Lipophilic Fucoxanthin-Rich Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract Ameliorates Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040796. [PMID: 30959933 PMCID: PMC6521120 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) comprise several lipophilic constituents with proposed anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. We investigated the effect of an ethanolic P. tricornutum extract (PTE) on energy metabolism in obesity-prone mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Six- to eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were switched to HFD and, at the same time, received orally placebo or PTE (100 mg or 300 mg/kg body weight/day). Body weight, body composition, and food intake were monitored. After 26 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, morphological, and gene expression analyses. PTE-supplemented mice accumulated fucoxanthin metabolites in adipose tissues and attained lower body weight gain, body fat content, weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, and inguinal WAT adipocyte size than controls, independent of decreased food intake. PTE supplementation was associated with lower expression of Mest (a marker of fat tissue expandability) in WAT depots, lower gene expression related to lipid uptake and turnover in visceral WAT, increased expression of genes key to fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis (Cpt1, Ucp1) in subcutaneous WAT, and signs of thermogenic activation including enhanced UCP1 protein in interscapular brown adipose tissue. In conclusion, these data show the potential of PTE to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gille
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bojan Stojnic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Felix Derwenskus
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Trautmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Schmid-Staiger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Clemens Posten
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Tang R, Yang Q, Lin S, Feng Y, Yang J, Lv Q, Wu G, Hu J. Preventive or Curative Administration of Taurine Regulates Lipid Metabolism in the Liver of Rats with Alcoholic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:119-131. [PMID: 31468391 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which injures hepatocytes and induces imbalance of lipid metabolism. Taurine is known to protect the liver from various liver injuries, and relieve lipid profile. Our previous studies also found that taurine can prevent or cure ALD, reduce fat deposition, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, ALD rat model was established by administration of alcohol, pyrazole and high fat diet. Two percent taurine was administered at the same time or after ALD model establishment. Serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum and hepatic TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were analyzed. Real-Time RT-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA catboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1), 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid acyl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). The results showed that serum ALT, AST, serum and hepatic TC, TG and LDL-C were higher, while HDL-C in ALD model rats was lower than normal rats, the changes of which can be significantly relieved by taurine administration. mRNA expressions of ACC, FAS, CPT-1, HMGCR, PPARα and SREBP-1c which were significantly changed by ethanol can also be regulated by taurine. The results indicated that taurine can prevent and repair hepatic injury of ALD rats and balance lipid metabolism indexes in the liver, the mechanisms may involves in the regulation of related enzymes and transcriptional regulators participated in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyi Tang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Lv
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Abdel-Sattar E, Mehanna ET, El-Ghaiesh SH, Mohammad HMF, Elgendy HA, Zaitone SA. Pharmacological Action of a Pregnane Glycoside, Russelioside B, in Dietary Obese Rats: Impact on Weight Gain and Energy Expenditure. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:990. [PMID: 30214412 PMCID: PMC6125411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Russelioside B (RB) is a pregnane glycoside obtained from Caralluma quadrangula; a herb with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic activities. The present experiment tested the possible role of RB in controlling weight gain in rats fed on high fat (HF) diet. Methods: RB was separated from the n-butanol fraction of the crude methanolic extract by chromatographic separation on a Si gel column according to the procedures described previously. The experiment of the biological assessment of RB used 32 male Wistar rats (4 groups, n = 8). Group 1 rats were fed with a palatable normal diet. Group 2, 3, and 4 were fed on HF diet for 16 weeks. Group 2 served as the HF diet control group while Group 3 and 4 received daily oral doses of RB (25 and 50 mg/kg) during the last four weeks. Animals' parameters like weight gain, fasting level of blood sugar, serum lipids, and serum liver enzyme activities were measured. Liver or adipose tissue weight was divided by the rat's body weight and multiplied by 100 to obtain the liver or adipose tissue index, respectively. Adipose tissues were processed for histopathological examination, measurement of mRNA expression of visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1). Furthermore, serum levels of insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Rats fed with the HF diet exhibited significant body weight gain, abnormal liver function, disturbed lipid profile, and greater serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in addition to greater insulin resistance, adipose tissue and liver indices. Further, rats fed with the HF diet displayed upregulations in the expression of visfatin and leptin with downregulations in the expression of adiponectin, UCP-1, and CPT-1 compared to normal rats. Interestingly, RB (25 or 50 mg/kg) favorably modulated the measured parameters. Conclusion: Data from this study documented the beneficial role of RB in diminishing weight gain, improving the inflammatory perturbations and energy expenditure in HF diet fed rats. Therefore, RB might be a promising candidate for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sabah H El-Ghaiesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hala M F Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Elgendy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting anoikis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6025-6040. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tacherfiout M, Petrov PD, Mattonai M, Ribechini E, Ribot J, Bonet ML, Khettal B. Antihyperlipidemic effect of a Rhamnus alaternus leaf extract in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats and human HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:501-509. [PMID: 29501772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean buckthorn, Rhamnus alaternus L., is a plant used in traditional medicine in Mediterranean countries. We aimed at characterizing its phenolic compounds and explore potential antihyperlipidemic activity of this plant. The profile of phenolic compounds in R. alaternus leaf crude methanolic extract (CME) and its liquid-liquid extraction-derived fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS2). Effects of CME on: circulating lipids in rats with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of genes of fatty acid metabolism in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 murine adipocyte cell model were assessed. The HPLC/ESI-MS2 analytical profile revealed a total of fifteen compounds, of which eleven were identified. Oral CME administration decreased blood levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in hyperlipidemic rats (by 60% and 70%, respectively, at 200 mg CME/kg). In HepG2 cells, CME exposure dose-dependently decreased intracellular lipids and up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 involved in fatty acid oxidation. In the 3T3-L1 model, CME favored preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis, pointing to positive effects on adipose tissue expandability. These results suggest novel uses of R. alaternus by showing that its leaves are rich in flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives with an antihyperlipidemic effect in vivo and in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Tacherfiout
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Petar D Petrov
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Bachra Khettal
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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Lin Z, Liu F, Shi P, Song A, Huang Z, Zou D, Chen Q, Li J, Gao X. Fatty acid oxidation promotes reprogramming by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting protein kinase C. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 29482657 PMCID: PMC5937047 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in metabolic pathway preferences are key events in the reprogramming process of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The optimization of metabolic conditions can enhance reprogramming; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. By comparing the gene expression profiles of somatic cells, intermediate-phase cells, and iPSCs, we found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)1b, a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, was significantly upregulated in the early stage of the reprogramming process. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic mice carrying doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Yamanaka factor constructs were used for reprogramming. Various fatty acid oxidation-related metabolites were added during the reprogramming process. Colony counting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to calculate reprogramming efficiency. Fatty acid oxidation-related metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seahorse was used to measure the level of oxidative phosphorylation. RESULTS We found that overexpression of cpt1b enhanced reprogramming efficiency. Furthermore, palmitoylcarnitine or acetyl-CoA, the primary and final products of Cpt1-mediated fatty acid oxidation, also promoted reprogramming. In the early reprogramming process, fatty acid oxidation upregulated oxidative phosphorylation and downregulated protein kinase C activity. Inhibition of protein kinase C also promoted reprogramming. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation promotes reprogramming by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting protein kinase C activity in the early stage of the reprogramming process. This study reveals that fatty acid oxidation is crucial for the reprogramming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Peiliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Anying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Dayuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
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Loschinski R, Böttcher M, Stoll A, Bruns H, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. IL-21 modulates memory and exhaustion phenotype of T-cells in a fatty acid oxidation-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13125-13138. [PMID: 29568345 PMCID: PMC5862566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based therapies represent a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this context, cytokines are discussed as a bona fide instrument for fine-tuning T- cell biology. One promising candidate is the pleiotropic interleukin-21 (IL-21) with only little being known regarding its direct effects on human T-cells. Thus, we sought out to characterize the impact of IL-21 on T-cell metabolism, fitness, and differentiation. Culturing T-cells in presence of IL-21 elicited a metabolic skewing away from aerobic glycolysis towards fatty acid oxidation (FAO). These changes of the metabolic framework were paralleled by increased mitochondrial fitness and biogenesis. However, oxidative stress levels were not increased but rather decreased. Furthermore, elevated FAO and mitochondrial biomass together with enhanced antioxidative properties are linked to formation of longer lasting memory responses and less PD-1 expression. We similarly observed an IL-21-triggered induction of central memory-like T-cells and reduced levels of PD-1 on the cell surface. Taken together, IL-21 shifts T-cells towards an immunometabolic phenotype that has been associated with increased survivability and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. In addition, our data reveals a novel interconnection between fatty acid metabolism and immune function regulated by IL 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Loschinski
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrej Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gong Z, Tas E, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:115-130. [PMID: 28017785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Various factors that contribute to the dysregulation include both modifiable (e.g. obesity, insulin resistance) and non-modifiable risk factors (age-associated physiologic changes). Although there is no linear relationship between aging and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, current data strongly suggests that advanced age leads to more severe histological changes and poorer clinical outcomes. Hepatic lipid accumulation could lead to significant hepatic and systemic consequences including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, impairment of systemic glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome, thereby contributing to age-related diseases. Insulin, leptin and adiponectin are key regulators of the various physiologic processes that regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Recent advances have expanded our understanding in this field, highlighting the role of novel mediators such as FGF 21, and mitochondria derived peptides. In this review, we will summarize the mediators of hepatic lipid metabolism and how they are altered in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Emir Tas
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, 5362 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac hypertrophy in nonobese Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170886. [PMID: 28923829 PMCID: PMC5643740 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deprivation have been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the role of estrogen deprivation on adverse cardiac remodeling in nonobese T2DM rats has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that estrogen-deprivation aggravates adverse cardiac remodeling in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats. Wild-type (WT) and GK rats at the age of 9 months old were divided into two subgroups to have either a sham operation (WTS, GKS) or a bilateral ovariectomy (WTO, GKO) (n = 6/subgroup). Four months after the operation, the rats were killed, and the heart was excised rapidly. Metabolic parameters, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and biochemical parameters were determined. GK rats had hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia, and estrogen deprivation did not increase the severity of T2DM. Cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac oxidative stress, and phosphor-antinuclear factor κB were higher in WTO and GKS rats than WTS rats, and they markedly increased in GKO rats compared with GKS rats. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis, transforming growth factor-β, Bax, phosphor-p38, and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ coactivator-1α expression were increased in GKS and GKO rats compared with the lean rats. However, mitochondrial dynamics proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 and mitofusin-2 were not altered by T2DM and estrogen deprivation. Although estrogen deprivation did not aggravate T2DM in GK rats, it increased the severity of cardiac hypertrophy by provoking cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in nonobese GK rats.
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Qiu F, Xie L, Ma JE, Luo W, Zhang L, Chao Z, Chen S, Nie Q, Lin Z, Zhang X. Lower Expression of SLC27A1 Enhances Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Chicken via Down-Regulated Fatty Acid Oxidation Mediated by CPT1A. Front Physiol 2017; 8:449. [PMID: 28706492 PMCID: PMC5489693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is recognized as the predominant factor affecting meat quality due to its positive correlation with tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Chicken IMF deposition depends on the balance among lipid synthesis, transport, uptake, and subsequent metabolism, involving a lot of genes and pathways, however, its precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, the breast muscle tissue of female Wenchang chickens (WC) (higher IMF content, 1.24 in D120 and 1.62 in D180) and female White Recessive Rock chickens (WRR; lower IMF content, 0.53 in D120 and 0.90 in D180) were subjected to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Results showed that many genes related to lipid catabolism, such as SLC27A1, LPL, ABCA1, and CPT1A were down-regulated in WC chickens, and these genes were involved in the PPAR signaling pathway and formed an IPA® network related to lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SLC27A1 was more down-regulated in WRR.D180.B than in WRR.D120.B. Decreased cellular triglyceride (TG) and up-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 overexpression QM-7 cells, and increased cellular triglyceride (TG) and down-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 knockdown QM-7 cells. These results suggest that lower lipid catabolism exists in WC chickens but not in WRR chickens, and lower expression of SLC27A1 facilitate IMF deposition in chicken via down-regulated fatty acid oxidation mediated by CPT1A. These findings indicate that reduced lipid catabolism, rather than increased lipid anabolism, contributes to chicken IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China University of TechnologyNanchang, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Jing-E Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Shaohao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhemin Lin
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Muller CJF, Malherbe CJ, Chellan N, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Joubert E. Potential of rooibos, its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, and Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:227-246. [PMID: 27305453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan.,d Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa.,e Department of Food Science , Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Daytime restricted feeding modifies the daily regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation and the lipoprotein profile in rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:930-941. [PMID: 28482939 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Daytime restricted feeding (2 h of food access from 12.00 to 14.00 hours for 3 weeks) is an experimental protocol that modifies the relationship between metabolic networks and the circadian molecular clock. The precise anatomical locus that controls the biochemical and physiological adaptations to optimise nutrient use is unknown. We explored the changes in liver oxidative lipid handling, such as β-oxidation and its regulation, as well as adaptations in the lipoprotein profile. It was found that daytime restricted feeding promoted an elevation of circulating ketone bodies before mealtime, an altered hepatic daily rhythmicity of 14CO2 production from radioactive palmitic acid, and an up-regulation of the fatty acid oxidation activators, the α-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the deacetylase silent mating type information regulation homolog 1, and the transcriptional factor PPARγ-1α coactivator. An increased localisation of phosphorylated α-subunit of AMPK in the periportal hepatocytes was also observed. Liver hepatic lipase C, important for lipoprotein transformation, showed a change of daily phase with a peak at the time of food access. In serum, there was an increase of LDL, which was responsible for a net elevation of circulating cholesterol. We conclude that our results indicate an enhanced fasting response in the liver during daily synchronisation to food access, which involves altered metabolic and cellular control of fatty acid oxidation as well a significant elevation of serum LDL. These adaptations could be part of the metabolic input that underlies the expression of the food-entrained oscillator.
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Shao H, Mohamed EM, Xu GG, Waters M, Jing K, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Spiegel S, Idowu MO, Fang X. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A functions to repress FoxO transcription factors to allow cell cycle progression in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3832-46. [PMID: 26716645 PMCID: PMC4826173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on hyperactive de novo lipid synthesis for maintaining malignancy. Recent studies suggest involvement in cancer of fatty acid oxidation, a process functionally opposite to lipogenesis. A mechanistic link from lipid catabolism to oncogenic processes is yet to be established. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) is a rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) that catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine, thereby shuttling fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation. In the present study, we demonstrated that CPT1A was highly expressed in most ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian serous carcinomas. Overexpression of CPT1A correlated with a poor overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. Inactivation of CPT1A decreased cellular ATP levels and induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, suggesting that ovarian cancer cells depend on or are addicted to CPT1A-mediated FAO for cell cycle progression. CPT1A deficiency also suppressed anchorage-independent growth and formation of xenografts from ovarian cancer cell lines. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 (p21) was identified as most consistently and robustly induced cell cycle regulator upon inactivation of CPT1A. Furthermore, p21 was transcriptionally upregulated by the FoxO transcription factors, which were in turn phosphorylated and activated by AMP-activated protein kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK and p38. Our results established the oncogenic relevance of CPT1A and a mechanistic link from lipid catabolism to cell cycle regulation, suggesting that CPT1A could be a prognostic biomarker and rational target for therapeutic intervention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjie Shao
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Esraa M Mohamed
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Guoyan G Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Michael Waters
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kai Jing
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yibao Ma
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Michael O Idowu
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Reynés B, Serrano A, Petrov PD, Ribot J, Chetrit C, Martínez-Puig D, Bonet ML, Palou A. Anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising effects of a glycosaminoglycan mix. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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47
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Shi XC, Sun J, Yang Z, Li XX, Ji H, Li Y, Chang ZG, Du ZY, Chen LQ. Molecular characterization and nutritional regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) family in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 203:11-19. [PMID: 27593560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) gene family plays an essential role in fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondrion. We identified six isoforms of the CPT family in grass carp and obtained their complete coding sequences (CDS). The isoforms included CPT 1α1a, CPT 1α1b, CPT 1α2a, CPT 1α2b, CPT 1β, and CPT 2, which may have resulted from fish-specific genome duplication. Sequence analysis showed that the predicted protein structure was different among the CPT gene family members in grass carp. The N-terminal domain of grass carp CPT 1α1a, CPT 1α1b, CPT 1α2a, and CPT 1α2b contained two transmembrane region domains and two acyltransferase choActase domains that exist in human and mouse proteins also; however, only one acyltransferase choActase domain was found in grass carp CPT 1β. The grass carp CPT 2 had two acyltransferase choActase domains. The grass carp CPT 1α1b, CPT 1α2a, CPT 1α2b, and CPT 1β contained 18 coding exons, while CPT 1α1a and CPT 2 consisted of 17 coding exons and 5 coding exons, respectively. The mRNA of the six CPT isoforms was expressed in a wide range of tissues, but the mRNA abundance of each CPT showed tissue-dependent expression patterns. The expression of CPT 1α1a, CPT 1α2a, and CPT 1β at 48h post-feeding was significantly increased in the liver (P<0.01, P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively). The diverse responses of multiple isoforms in the liver during nutritional limitation suggest that they may play different roles in fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhou Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xue-Xian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C: From cognition to cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:134-48. [PMID: 26708865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) C was the last member of the CPT1 family of genes to be discovered. CPT1A and CPT1B were identified as the gate-keeper enzymes for the entry of long-chain fatty acids (as carnitine esters) into mitochondria and their further oxidation, and they show differences in their kinetics and tissue expression. Although CPT1C exhibits high sequence similarity to CPT1A and CPT1B, it is specifically expressed in neurons (a cell-type that does not use fatty acids as fuel to any major extent), it is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells, and it has minimal CPT1 catalytic activity with l-carnitine and acyl-CoA esters. The lack of an easily measurable biological activity has hampered attempts to elucidate the cellular and physiological role of CPT1C but has not diminished the interest of the biomedical research community in this CPT1 isoform. The observations that CPT1C binds malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA suggest that it is a sensor of lipid metabolism in neurons, where it appears to impact ceramide and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. CPT1C global knock-out mice show a wide range of brain disorders, including impaired cognition and spatial learning, motor deficits, and a deregulation in food intake and energy homeostasis. The first disease-causing CPT1C mutation was recently described in humans, with Cpt1c being identified as the gene causing hereditary spastic paraplegia. The putative role of CPT1C in the regulation of complex-lipid metabolism is supported by the observation that it is highly expressed in certain virulent tumor cells, conferring them resistance to glucose- and oxygen-deprivation. Therefore, CPT1C may be a promising target in the treatment of cancer. Here we review the molecular, biochemical, and structural properties of CPT1C and discuss its potential roles in brain function, and cancer.
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49
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Petrov PD, Ribot J, López-Mejía IC, Fajas L, Palou A, Bonet ML. Retinoblastoma Protein Knockdown Favors Oxidative Metabolism and Glucose and Fatty Acid Disposal in Muscle Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:708-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar D. Petrov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | | | - Lluís Fajas
- Department of Physiology; Université de Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
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50
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Mazibuko SE, Joubert E, Johnson R, Louw J, Opoku AR, Muller CJF. Aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2199-208. [PMID: 26310822 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Saturated-free fatty acids, such as palmitate, are associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish if an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (GRE) and, its major flavanoid, aspalathin (ASP) could contribute significantly to the amelioration of experimentally induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured in DMEM containing 0.75 mM palmitate for 16 h to induce insulin resistance before treatment for 3 h with GRE (10 μg/mL) or ASP (10 μM). GRE and ASP reversed the palmitate-induced insulin resistance. At a protein level GRE and ASP suppressed nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), insulin receptor substrate one (serine 307) (IRS1 (Ser (307) )) and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and increased serine/threonine kinase AKT (AKT) activation, while only GRE increased glucose transporter four (Glut4) protein expression. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα and γ), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase one (CPT1) expression were increased by ASP alone. CONCLUSION Together these effects offer a plausible explanation for the ameliorative effect of GRE and ASP on insulin-resistance, an underlying cause for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Andrew R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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