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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wen M, Wang F, Li X, Yang W, Zhou B. Robust and predictive 3D-QSAR models for predicting the activities of novel oxadiazole derivatives as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:30230-30244. [PMID: 39315029 PMCID: PMC11418590 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05342g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Alzheimer disease (AD) as a neurodegenerative disorder has been increasing annually with the aging of the global population, therefore, development of novel anti-AD drugs is imperative. Studies have proven that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a pivotal factor in the development of AD. Therefore, GSK-3β inhibitors would provide powerful means to treat the disorders, such as AD. To in-depth study the structure-activity relationship of a series of oxadiazole derivatives as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents, computational three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were conducted. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods were conducted to build up the 3D-QSAR models, and exhibited significant results (R cv 2 = 0.692, R pred 2 = 0.6885/CoMFA, R cv 2 = 0.696, R pred 2 = 0.6887/CoMSIA). The accuracy of the 3D-QSAR models was validated by external validation and applicability domain analysis. The derived contour maps provided structural information for designing novel compounds to improve the inhibitory activities. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were also employed to investigate the bonding interactions and stability of this series of inhibitors in the active site of GSK-3β, and the results revealed that the importance of residues Ile62, Asn64 Val70, Tyr128, Val129 and Leu182 for ligand binding to the receptor GSK-3β. All the results would be of great help for the discovery of new GSK-3β agents that can solve the problem of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekai Sun
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Zirou Zhang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Menghao Wen
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Xiuling Li
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital 518112 Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis Shenzhen People's Republic of China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 518172 Shenzhen China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University Guizhou 550004 China
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2
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Huang X, Fowler C, Li Y, Li QX, Sun J, Pan Y, Jin L, Perez KA, Dubois C, Lim YY, Drysdale C, Rumble RL, Chinnery HR, Rowe CC, Martins RN, Maruff P, Doecke JD, Lin Y, Belaidi AA, Barnham KJ, Masters CL, Gu BJ. Clearance and transport of amyloid β by peripheral monocytes correlate with Alzheimer's disease progression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7998. [PMID: 39266542 PMCID: PMC11393069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects disease progression. The role of peripheral monocytes in Aβ clearance from the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. We use a flow cytometry assay to identify Aβ-binding monocytes in blood, validated by confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping and correlation with AD biomarkers are studied in 150 participants from the AIBL study. We also examine monocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their migration in an APP/PS1 mouse model. The assay reveals macrophage-like Aβ-binding monocytes with high phagocytic potential in both the periphery and CNS. We find lower surface Aβ levels in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD-dementia patients compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals. Monocyte infiltration from blood to CSF and migration from CNS to peripheral lymph nodes and blood are observed. Here we show that Aβ-binding monocytes may play a role in CNS Aβ clearance, suggesting their potential as a biomarker for AD diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Innate Phagocytosis Laboratory, Level 11, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yihan Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Liang Jin
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keyla A Perez
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Céline Dubois
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Y Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Candace Drysdale
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Center, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yong Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdel A Belaidi
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ben J Gu
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- The Innate Phagocytosis Laboratory, Level 11, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Venati SR, Uversky VN. Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8399. [PMID: 39125972 PMCID: PMC11313516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored the intrinsic disorder status of the three members of the synuclein family of proteins-α-, β-, and γ-synucleins-and showed that although all three human synucleins are highly disordered, the highest levels of disorder are observed in γ-synuclein. Our analysis of the peculiarities of the amino acid sequences and modeled 3D structures of the human synuclein family members revealed that the pathological mutations A30P, E46K, H50Q, A53T, and A53E associated with the early onset of Parkinson's disease caused some increase in the local disorder propensity of human α-synuclein. A comparative sequence-based analysis of the synuclein proteins from various evolutionary distant species and evaluation of their levels of intrinsic disorder using a set of commonly used bioinformatics tools revealed that, irrespective of their origin, all members of the synuclein family analyzed in this study were predicted to be highly disordered proteins, indicating that their intrinsically disordered nature represents an evolutionary conserved and therefore functionally important feature. A detailed functional disorder analysis of the proteins in the interactomes of the human synuclein family members utilizing a set of commonly used disorder analysis tools showed that the human α-synuclein interactome has relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder as compared with the interactomes of human β- and γ- synucleins and revealed that, relative to the β- and γ-synuclein interactomes, α-synuclein interactors are involved in a much broader spectrum of highly diversified functional pathways. Although proteins interacting with three human synucleins were characterized by highly diversified functionalities, this analysis also revealed that the interactors of three human synucleins were involved in three common functional pathways, such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, serotonergic synapse, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Taken together, these observations highlight the critical importance of the intrinsic disorder of human synucleins and their interactors in various neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Reddy Venati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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4
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Lippi A, Krisko A. Protein aggregation: A detrimental symptom or an adaptation mechanism? J Neurochem 2024; 168:1426-1441. [PMID: 37694504 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms oversee numerous aspects of protein lifetime. From the point of protein synthesis, protein homeostasis machineries take part in folding, solubilization, and/or degradation of impaired proteins. Some proteins follow an alternative path upon loss of their solubility, thus are secluded from the cytosol and form protein aggregates. Protein aggregates differ in their function and composition, rendering protein aggregation a complex phenomenon that continues to receive plenty of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Traditionally, protein aggregates have been associated with aging and a large spectrum of protein folding diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, or cataract. However, a body of evidence suggests that they may act as an adaptive mechanism to overcome transient stressful conditions, serving as a sink for the removal of misfolded proteins from the cytosol or storage compartments for machineries required upon stress release. In this review, we present examples and evidence elaborating different possible roles of protein aggregation and discuss their potential roles in stress survival, aging, and disease, as well as possible anti-aggregation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lippi
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Krisko
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Nanostructure and dynamics of N-truncated copper amyloid-β peptides from advanced X-ray absorption fine structure. IUCRJ 2024; 11:325-346. [PMID: 38602752 PMCID: PMC11067746 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) electrochemical cell was used to collect high-quality XAS measurements of N-truncated Cu:amyloid-β (Cu:Aβ) samples under near-physiological conditions. N-truncated Cu:Aβ peptide complexes contribute to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's patients' brains. However, the redox properties of copper in different Aβ peptide sequences are inconsistent. Therefore, the geometry of binding sites for the copper binding in Aβ4-8/12/16 was determined using novel advanced extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. This enables these peptides to perform redox cycles in a manner that might produce toxicity in human brains. Fluorescence XAS measurements were corrected for systematic errors including defective-pixel data, monochromator glitches and dispersion of pixel spectra. Experimental uncertainties at each data point were measured explicitly from the point-wise variance of corrected pixel measurements. The copper-binding environments of Aβ4-8/12/16 were precisely determined by fitting XAS measurements with propagated experimental uncertainties, advanced analysis and hypothesis testing, providing a mechanism to pursue many similarly complex questions in bioscience. The low-temperature XAS measurements here determine that CuII is bound to the first amino acids in the high-affinity amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif with an oxygen in a tetragonal pyramid geometry in the Aβ4-8/12/16 peptides. Room-temperature XAS electrochemical-cell measurements observe metal reduction in the Aβ4-16 peptide. Robust investigations of XAS provide structural details of CuII binding with a very different bis-His motif and a water oxygen in a quasi-tetrahedral geometry. Oxidized XAS measurements of Aβ4-12/16 imply that both CuII and CuIII are accommodated in an ATCUN-like binding site. Hypotheses for these CuI, CuII and CuIII geometries were proven and disproven using the novel data and statistical analysis including F tests. Structural parameters were determined with an accuracy some tenfold better than literature claims of past work. A new protocol was also developed using EXAFS data analysis for monitoring radiation damage. This gives a template for advanced analysis of complex biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Murphy MP, Buzinova VA, Johnson CE. The amyloid-β peptide: Guilty as charged? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166945. [PMID: 37935338 PMCID: PMC10842071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen both considerable progress and controversy in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. After decades of slow to negligible movement towards the development of disease modifying therapies, promising outcomes in recent clinical trials with several monoclonal antibodies targeting various forms of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide have at last opened a possible way forward. In fact, at this point multiple anti-Aβ therapeutics are close to receiving (or have already received) regulatory approval. Although these outcomes are not without some degree of divisiveness, the fact remains that targeting amyloid for removal has finally shown at least modest efficacy in slowing the otherwise relentless progression of the disease. Although the validation of the long standing amyloid cascade hypothesis would seem to be at hand, what remains is the puzzling issue of why - if Aβ indeed causes AD - does removing it from the brain not stop the disease entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paul Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Valeria A Buzinova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Carrie E Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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7
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Li L, Wang F, Jia X, Yao L, Liu Y. Research Mechanism and Progress of the Natural Compound Curcumin in Treating Alzheimer´s Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1590-1601. [PMID: 37929738 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575263783231009051957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. AD patients usually present symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction, progressive memory loss, and other manifestations. With the increasing number of AD cases worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop effective drug treatments. Currently, drugs targeting AD symptoms may not change or prevent the progression of the disease. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the turmeric herb, has been used for the treatment of AD. In this review, we summarized both cellular and animal studies and described the mechanism of action of curcumin in altering the pathological features of AD. Curcumin attenuates the formation of amyloid-β plaques and promotes its decomposition, reduces the phosphorylation of tau, improves its clearance rate, and binds with copper to reduce cholesterol. It changes the activity of microglia, suppresses acetylcholinesterase, regulates insulin signal transduction, and exhibits antioxidant properties. Studies have found that curcumin can promote nerve repair and has a significant effect on AD. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin may hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. If this limitation can be overcome, curcumin may emerge as a promising drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Xirong Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Luyang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
- Institute of Forensic Expertise, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110000, China
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8
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondrial Complex I and β-Amyloid Peptide Interplay in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Review of New and Old Little Regarded Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15951. [PMID: 37958934 PMCID: PMC10650435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia which is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline that severely interferes with daily activities of personal life. At a pathological level, it is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein structures in the brain-β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and Tau tangles-which interfere with communication between neurons and lead to their dysfunction and death. In recent years, research on AD has highlighted the critical involvement of mitochondria-the primary energy suppliers for our cells-in the onset and progression of the disease, since mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits precede the beginning of the disease and mitochondria are very sensitive to Aβ toxicity. On the other hand, if it is true that the accumulation of Aβ in the mitochondria leads to mitochondrial malfunctions, it is otherwise proven that mitochondrial dysfunction, through the generation of reactive oxygen species, causes an increase in Aβ production, by initiating a vicious cycle: there is therefore a bidirectional relationship between Aβ aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we focus on the latest news-but also on neglected evidence from the past-concerning the interplay between dysfunctional mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress, and Aβ, in order to understand how their interplay is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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9
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Jain M, Dhariwal R, Patil N, Ojha S, Tendulkar R, Tendulkar M, Dhanda PS, Yadav A, Kaushik P. Unveiling the Molecular Footprint: Proteome-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Proteomes 2023; 11:33. [PMID: 37873875 PMCID: PMC10594437 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Early and accurate diagnosis of AD is crucial for implementing timely interventions and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Proteome-based biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for AD diagnosis and prognosis due to their ability to reflect disease-specific molecular alterations. There is of great significance for biomarkers in AD diagnosis and management. It emphasizes the limitations of existing diagnostic approaches and the need for reliable and accessible biomarkers. Proteomics, a field that comprehensively analyzes the entire protein complement of cells, tissues, or bio fluids, is presented as a powerful tool for identifying AD biomarkers. There is a diverse range of proteomic approaches employed in AD research, including mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and protein microarrays. The challenges associated with identifying reliable biomarkers, such as sample heterogeneity and the dynamic nature of the disease. There are well-known proteins implicated in AD pathogenesis, such as amyloid-beta peptides, tau protein, Apo lipoprotein E, and clusterin, as well as inflammatory markers and complement proteins. Validation and clinical utility of proteome-based biomarkers are addressing the challenges involved in validation studies and the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers. There is great potential in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment, thereby aiding in personalized medicine approaches for AD patients. There is a great role for bioinformatics and data analysis in proteomics for AD biomarker research and the importance of data preprocessing, statistical analysis, pathway analysis, and integration of multi-omics data for a comprehensive understanding of AD pathophysiology. In conclusion, proteome-based biomarkers hold great promise in the field of AD research. They provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms, aid in early diagnosis, and facilitate personalized treatment strategies. However, further research and validation studies are necessary to harness the full potential of proteome-based biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Jain
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India; (R.D.); (N.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Rupal Dhariwal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India; (R.D.); (N.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Nil Patil
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India; (R.D.); (N.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Sandhya Ojha
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Reshma Tendulkar
- Vivekanand Education Society, College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai 400071, India;
| | - Mugdha Tendulkar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel College of Science, Mira Rd (East), Thane 400071, India;
| | | | - Alpa Yadav
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari 122502, India;
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservacióny Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Schilling S, Pradhan A, Heesch A, Helbig A, Blennow K, Koch C, Bertgen L, Koo EH, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Kins S, Eggert S. Differential effects of familial Alzheimer's disease-causing mutations on amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking, proteolytic conversion, and synaptogenic activity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:87. [PMID: 37259128 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key player in Alzheimer`s disease (AD) and the precursor of the Aβ peptide, which is generated by consecutive cleavages of β- and γ-secretases. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) describes a hereditary subgroup of AD that represents a low percentage of AD cases with an early onset of the disease. Different APP FAD mutations are thought to have qualitatively different effects on its proteolytic conversion. However, few studies have explored the pathogenic and putative physiological differences in more detail. Here, we compared different FAD mutations, located at the β- (Swedish), α- (Flemish, Arctic, Iowa) or γ-secretase (Iberian) cleavage sites. We examined heterologous expression of APP WT and FAD mutants in non-neuronal cells and their impact on presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons of co-cultured neurons. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanism, we tested the subcellular localization, the endocytosis rate and the proteolytic processing in detail by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry. Interestingly, we found that only the Iberian mutation showed altered synaptogenic function. Furthermore, the APP Iowa mutant shows significantly decreased α-secretase processing which is in line with our results that APP carrying the Iowa mutation was significantly increased in early endosomes. However, most interestingly, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the amino acid substitutions of APP FAD mutants have a decisive impact on their processing reflected in altered Aβ profiles. Importantly, N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides starting at position 5 were detected preferentially for APP Flemish, Arctic, and Iowa mutants containing amino acid substitutions around the α-secretase cleavage site. The strongest change in the ratio of Aβ40/Aβ42 was observed for the Iberian mutation while APP Swedish showed a substantial increase in Aβ1-17 peptides. Together, our data indicate that familial AD mutations located at the α-, β-, and γ-secretase cleavage sites show considerable differences in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schilling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amelie Heesch
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrea Helbig
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lea Bertgen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Edward H Koo
- San Diego (UCSD), Department of Neuroscience, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0662, USA
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City-Campus, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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11
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Barker S, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1154. [PMID: 37189772 PMCID: PMC10135798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently suffer from chronically progressive complications, including significantly increased risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease. As advances in neurocritical care increase the number of TBI survivors, the impact and awareness of this problem are growing. The mechanisms by which TBI increases the risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease, however, are not completely understood. As a result, there are no protective treatments for patients. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the epidemiology and potential mechanistic relationships between brain injury and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition to increasing the risk for developing all forms of dementia, the most prominent aging-related neurodegenerative conditions that are accelerated by TBI are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ALS and FTD being the least well-established. Mechanistic links between TBI and all forms of dementia that are reviewed include oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation. Disease-specific mechanistic links with TBI that are reviewed include TAR DNA binding protein 43 and motor cortex lesions in ALS and FTD; alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic cell death, and synergistic toxin exposure in PD; and brain insulin resistance, amyloid beta pathology, and tau pathology in AD. While compelling mechanistic links have been identified, significantly expanded investigation in the field is needed to develop therapies to protect TBI survivors from the increased risk of aging-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barker
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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12
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Chou CC, Vest R, Prado MA, Wilson-Grady J, Paulo JA, Shibuya Y, Moran-Losada P, Lee TT, Luo J, Gygi SP, Kelly JW, Finley D, Wernig M, Wyss-Coray T, Frydman J. Proteostasis and lysosomal quality control deficits in Alzheimer's disease neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534444. [PMID: 37034684 PMCID: PMC10081252 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteostasis and organelle homeostasis dysfunction in human aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Analyzing proteome-wide changes in human donor fibroblasts and their corresponding transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons), we find aging and AD synergistically impair multiple proteostasis pathways, most notably lysosomal quality control (LQC). In particular, we show that ESCRT-mediated lysosomal repair defects are associated with both sporadic and PSEN1 familial AD. Aging- and AD-linked defects are detected in fibroblasts but highly exacerbated in tNeurons, leading to enhanced neuronal vulnerability, unrepaired lysosomal damage, inflammatory factor secretion and cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, tNeurons from aged and AD donors spontaneously develop amyloid-β inclusions co-localizing with LQC markers, LAMP1/2-positive lysosomes and proteostasis factors; we observe similar inclusions in brain tissue from AD patients and APP-transgenic mice. Importantly, compounds enhancing lysosomal function broadly ameliorate these AD-associated pathologies. Our findings establish cell-autonomous LQC dysfunction in neurons as a central vulnerability in aging and AD pathogenesis.
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13
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Berntsson E, Vosough F, Svantesson T, Pansieri J, Iashchishyn IA, Ostojić L, Dong X, Paul S, Jarvet J, Roos PM, Barth A, Morozova-Roche LA, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SKTS. Residue-specific binding of Ni(II) ions influences the structure and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3341. [PMID: 36849796 PMCID: PMC9971182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. AD brains display deposits of insoluble amyloid plaques consisting mainly of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and Aβ oligomers are likely a toxic species in AD pathology. AD patients display altered metal homeostasis, and AD plaques show elevated concentrations of metals such as Cu, Fe, and Zn. Yet, the metal chemistry in AD pathology remains unclear. Ni(II) ions are known to interact with Aβ peptides, but the nature and effects of such interactions are unknown. Here, we use numerous biophysical methods-mainly spectroscopy and imaging techniques-to characterize Aβ/Ni(II) interactions in vitro, for different Aβ variants: Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-40)(H6A, H13A, H14A), Aβ(4-40), and Aβ(1-42). We show for the first time that Ni(II) ions display specific binding to the N-terminal segment of full-length Aβ monomers. Equimolar amounts of Ni(II) ions retard Aβ aggregation and direct it towards non-structured aggregates. The His6, His13, and His14 residues are implicated as binding ligands, and the Ni(II)·Aβ binding affinity is in the low µM range. The redox-active Ni(II) ions induce formation of dityrosine cross-links via redox chemistry, thereby creating covalent Aβ dimers. In aqueous buffer Ni(II) ions promote formation of beta sheet structure in Aβ monomers, while in a membrane-mimicking environment (SDS micelles) coil-coil helix interactions appear to be induced. For SDS-stabilized Aβ oligomers, Ni(II) ions direct the oligomers towards larger sizes and more diverse (heterogeneous) populations. All of these structural rearrangements may be relevant for the Aβ aggregation processes that are involved in AD brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Berntsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Faraz Vosough
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teodor Svantesson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucija Ostojić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suman Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St. Göran Hospital, St. Göransplan 1, 112 19, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Pocevičiūtė D, Roth B, Schultz N, Nuñez-Diaz C, Janelidze S, Olofsson A, Hansson O, Wennström M. Plasma IAPP-Autoantibody Levels in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Are Affected by APOE4 Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043776. [PMID: 36835187 PMCID: PMC9960837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas-derived islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) crosses the blood-brain barrier and co-deposits with amyloid beta (Aβ) in brains of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Depositions might be related to the circulating IAPP levels, but it warrants further investigation. Autoantibodies recognizing toxic IAPP oligomers (IAPPO) but not monomers (IAPPM) or fibrils have been found in T2D, but studies on AD are lacking. In this study, we have analyzed plasma from two cohorts and found that levels of neither immunoglobulin (Ig) M, nor IgG or IgA against IAPPM or IAPPO were altered in AD patients compared with controls. However, our results show significantly lower IAPPO-IgA levels in apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 carriers compared with non-carriers in an allele dose-dependent manner, and the decrease is linked to the AD pathology. Furthermore, plasma IAPP-Ig levels, especially IAPP-IgA, correlated with cognitive decline, C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain IAPP exclusively in APOE4 non-carriers. We speculate that the reduction in IAPPO-IgA levels may be caused by increased plasma IAPPO levels or masked epitopes in APOE4 carriers and propose that IgA and APOE4 status play a specific role in clearance of circulatory IAPPO, which may influence the amount of IAPP deposition in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Pocevičiūtė
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nina Schultz
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 212 24 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hoenig MC, Drzezga A. Clear-headed into old age: Resilience and resistance against brain aging-A PET imaging perspective. J Neurochem 2023; 164:325-345. [PMID: 35226362 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in modern medicine and the adaptation towards healthier lifestyles, the average life expectancy has doubled since the 1930s, with individuals born in the millennium years now carrying an estimated life expectancy of around 100 years. And even though many individuals around the globe manage to age successfully, the prevalence of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer's disease has never been as high as nowadays. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is anticipated to triple by 2050, increasing the societal and economic burden tremendously. Despite all efforts, there is still no available treatment defeating the accelerated aging process as seen in this disease. Yet, given the advances in neuroimaging techniques that are discussed in the current Review article, such as in positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pivotal insights into the heterogenous effects of aging-associated processes and the contribution of distinct lifestyle and risk factors already have and are still being gathered. In particular, the concepts of resilience (i.e. coping with brain pathology) and resistance (i.e. avoiding brain pathology) have more recently been discussed as they relate to mechanisms that are associated with the prolongation and/or even stop of the progressive brain aging process. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resilience and resistance may one day, hopefully, support the identification of defeating mechanism against accelerating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle C Hoenig
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn/Cologne, Germany
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16
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Presenilin 1 Modulates Acetylcholinesterase Trafficking and Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021437. [PMID: 36674948 PMCID: PMC9864477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic activity is not paralleled with changes in its protein levels, suggesting the presence of a considerable enzymatically inactive pool in the brain. In the present study, we validated previous findings, and, since inactive forms could result from post-translational modifications, we analyzed the glycosylation of AChE by lectin binding in brain samples from sporadic and familial AD (sAD and fAD). Most of the enzymatically active AChE was bound to lectins Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) that recognize terminal mannoses, whereas Western blot assays showed a very low percentage of AChE protein being recognized by the lectin. This indicates that active and inactive forms of AChE vary in their glycosylation pattern, particularly in the presence of terminal mannoses in active ones. Moreover, sAD subjects showed reduced binding to terminal mannoses compared to non-demented controls, while, for fAD patients that carry mutations in the PSEN1 gene, the binding was higher. The role of presenilin-1 (PS1) in modulating AChE glycosylation was then studied in a cellular model that overexpresses PS1 (CHO-PS1). In CHO-PS1 cells, binding to LCA indicates that AChE displays more terminal mannoses in oligosaccharides with a fucosylated core. Immunocytochemical assays also demonstrated increased presence of AChE in the trans-Golgi. Moreover, AChE enzymatic activity was higher in plasmatic membrane of CHO-PS1 cells. Thus, our results indicate that PS1 modulates trafficking and maturation of AChE in Golgi regions favoring the presence of active forms in the membrane.
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17
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Picón-Pagès P, Bosch-Morató M, Subirana L, Rubio-Moscardó F, Guivernau B, Fanlo-Ucar H, Zeylan ME, Senyuz S, Herrera-Fernández V, Vicente R, Fernández-Fernández JM, García-Ojalvo J, Gursoy A, Keskin O, Oliva B, Posas F, de Nadal E, Muñoz FJ. A Genome-Wide Functional Screen Identifies Enhancer and Protective Genes for Amyloid Beta-Peptide Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021278. [PMID: 36674792 PMCID: PMC9865122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be caused by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) misfolded into β-sheets, but this knowledge has not yet led to treatments to prevent AD. To identify novel molecular players in Aβ toxicity, we carried out a genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a library of 5154 gene knock-out strains expressing Aβ1-42. We identified 81 mammalian orthologue genes that enhance Aβ1-42 toxicity, while 157 were protective. Next, we performed interactome and text-mining studies to increase the number of genes and to identify the main cellular functions affected by Aβ oligomers (oAβ). We found that the most affected cellular functions were calcium regulation, protein translation and mitochondrial activity. We focused on SURF4, a protein that regulates the store-operated calcium channel (SOCE). An in vitro analysis using human neuroblastoma cells showed that SURF4 silencing induced higher intracellular calcium levels, while its overexpression decreased calcium entry. Furthermore, SURF4 silencing produced a significant reduction in cell death when cells were challenged with oAβ1-42, whereas SURF4 overexpression induced Aβ1-42 cytotoxicity. In summary, we identified new enhancer and protective activities for Aβ toxicity and showed that SURF4 contributes to oAβ1-42 neurotoxicity by decreasing SOCE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Picón-Pagès
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bosch-Morató
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Subirana
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Rubio-Moscardó
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biuse Guivernau
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Fanlo-Ucar
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melisa Ece Zeylan
- Computational Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Simge Senyuz
- Computational Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Víctor Herrera-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi García-Ojalvo
- Laboratory of Dynamical Systems Biology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Attila Gursoy
- College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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18
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de Lima IB, Ribeiro FM. The Implication of Glial Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:164-182. [PMID: 34951388 PMCID: PMC10190153 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223140303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first identified more than 100 years ago, yet aspects pertaining to its origin and the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not well known. To this date, there is no therapeutic approach or disease-modifying drug that could halt or at least delay disease progression. Until recently, glial cells were seen as secondary actors in brain homeostasis. Although this view was gradually refuted and the relevance of glial cells for the most diverse brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission was vastly proved, many aspects of its functioning, as well as its role in pathological conditions, remain poorly understood. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in glial cells were shown to be involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Besides its relevance for glial function, glutamatergic receptors are also central in the pathology of AD, and recent studies have shown that glial mGluRs play a role in the establishment and progression of AD. AD-related alterations in Ca2+ signalling, APP processing, and Aβ load, as well as AD-related neurodegeneration, are influenced by glial mGluRs. However, different types of mGluRs play different roles, depending on the cell type and brain region that is being analysed. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the current understanding of glial mGluRs and their implication in AD, providing an insight for future therapeutics and identifying existing research gaps worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella B.Q. de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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20
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El Gaamouch F, Chen F, Ho L, Lin HY, Yuan C, Wong J, Wang J. Benefits of dietary polyphenols in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1019942. [PMID: 36583187 PMCID: PMC9792677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1019942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. It is estimated to reach 152 million by the year 2050. AD is the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. In spite of the significant burden the disease imposes upon patients, their families, our society, and our healthcare system, there is currently no cure for AD. The existing approved therapies only temporarily alleviate some of the disease's symptoms, but are unable to modulate the onset and/or progression of the disease. Our failure in developing a cure for AD is attributable, in part, to the multifactorial complexity underlying AD pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the lack of successful pharmacological approaches has led to the consideration of alternative strategies that may help delay the onset and progression of AD. There is increasing recognition that certain dietary and nutrition factors may play important roles in protecting against select key AD pathologies. Consistent with this, select nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds have demonstrated anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties and as such, could serve as lead candidates for further novel AD therapeutic developments. Here we summarize some of the more promising dietary phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols that have been shown to positively modulate some of the important AD pathogenesis aspects, such as reducing β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation, AD-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synapse loss. We also discuss the recent development of potential contribution of gut microbiome in dietary polyphenol function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fiona Chen
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Chongzhen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jean Wong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jun Wang,
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21
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Busch L, Eggert S, Endres K, Bufe B. The Hidden Role of Non-Canonical Amyloid β Isoforms in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3421. [PMID: 36359817 PMCID: PMC9654995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have placed the pro-inflammatory activity of amyloid β (Aβ) on microglia cells as the focus of research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Researchers are confronted with an astonishing spectrum of over 100 different Aβ variants with variable length and chemical modifications. With the exception of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40, the biological significance of most peptides for AD is as yet insufficiently understood. We therefore aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of these neglected Aβ variants to microglia activation. First, the impact of Aβ receptors, signaling cascades, scavenger mechanisms, and genetic variations on the physiological responses towards various Aβ species is described. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of different types of amyloid precursor protein processing for the generation of these Aβ variants in microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and highlight how alterations in secondary structures and oligomerization affect Aβ neurotoxicity. In sum, the data indicate that gene polymorphisms in Aβ-driven signaling pathways in combination with the production and activity of different Aβ variants might be crucial factors for the initiation and progression of different forms of AD. A deeper assessment of their interplay with glial cells may pave the way towards novel therapeutic strategies for individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Busch
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibruecken, Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Bufe
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibruecken, Germany
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22
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Huwait EA, Baghallab IM, Glabe CG, Abulnaja KO, Kumosani TA, Moselhy SS. Identification of amyloid antibodies for Alzheimer disease - immunotherapy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1275-1282. [PMID: 32449861 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study identified the specific antibodies that recognise amyloid protein for Alzheimer disease - immunotherapy. The immune-selection of random sequences from a phage display library and sequencing to obtain the random 12 amino acids peptide library for each antibody, and then we analysed these peptides for unique and common sequences, relation to Aβ42 sequence and shape and pattern of the amino acid reaction to the antibody to predict the epitopes. Data obtained for 4G8 showed that, the sequence segment related to the putative epitope of 4G8 was LVFFAED. Nine of the ten top sequences contain the sequence RHD corresponding to the Aβ sequence from residues 5-7. Peptide 7 has the sequence IRYDTGSYHIH, which has a RYD. It was concluded that, 4G8 and 6E10 can tolerate the binding the sequences that explain it is able to recognise amyloid aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etimad A Huwait
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ibtisam M Baghallab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khalid O Abulnaja
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Production of Bio-Products for Industrial Applications Research Group, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Ramamoorthy K, Yoshimura R, Al-Juburi S, Anandam KY, Kapadia R, Alachkar A, Abbott GW, Said HM. Alzheimer's disease is associated with disruption in thiamin transport physiology: A potential role for neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105799. [PMID: 35750148 PMCID: PMC9744268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) containing plaques and cognitive deficits. The pathophysiology of AD also involves neuroinflammation. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is indispensable for normal cellular energy metabolism. Thiamin homeostasis is altered in AD, and its deficiency is known to aggravate AD pathology. Little, however, is known about possible alterations in level of expression of thiamin transporters-1 and -2 (THTR-1 and -2) in the brain of AD, and whether pro-inflammatory cytokines affect thiamin uptake by brain cells. We addressed these issues using brain tissue samples [prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP)] from AD patients and from 5XFAD mouse model of AD, together with cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as model. Our results revealed a significantly lower expression of both THTR-1 and THTR-2 in the PFC and HIP of AD patients and 5XFAD mouse model of AD compared to appropriate normal controls. Further, we found that exposure of the SH-SY5Y cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) led to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake. Focusing on IL-1β, we found the inhibition in thiamin uptake to be time-dependent and reversible; it was also associated with a substantial reduction in expression of THTR-1 (but not THTR-2) protein and mRNA as well as a decrease in promoter activity of the SLC19A2 gene (which encodes THTR-1). Finally, using transcriptomic analysis, we found that thiamin availability in SH-SY5Y cells caused changes in the expression of genes relevant to AD pathways. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that thiamin transport physiology/molecular biology parameters are negatively impacted in AD brain and that pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit thiamin uptake by neuroblastoma cells. The results also support a possible role for thiamin in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidas Ramamoorthy
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Ryan Yoshimura
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Saleh Al-Juburi
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Kasin Y Anandam
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States of America.
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24
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Pocevičiūtė D, Nuñez-Diaz C, Roth B, Janelidze S, Giannisis A, Hansson O, Wennström M. Increased plasma and brain immunoglobulin A in Alzheimer’s disease is lost in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:117. [PMID: 36008818 PMCID: PMC9414424 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is foremost characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ)-extracellular plaques, tau-intraneuronal fibrillary tangles (NFT), and neuroinflammation, but over the last years it has become evident that peripheral inflammation might also contribute to the disease. AD patients often demonstrate increased levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators and altered antibody levels in the blood. In our study, we investigated the plasma Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and Aβ pathology. Methods IgA levels in antemortem-collected (cohort I) and postmortem-collected (cohort II) plasma samples from AD patients (n = 30 in cohort I and n = 16 in cohort II) and non-demented age-matched controls (NC) (n = 42 in cohort I and n = 7 in cohort II) were measured using ELISA. Hippocampal sections from cohort II were immunostained against IgA, and the IgA area fraction as well as the number of IgA positive (IgA+) cells in the cornu ammonis region were analysed using ImageJ. The relationship between plasma IgA levels and cognition, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in cohort I as well as neuropathology, IgA+ cell number, and IgA area fraction in cohort II was analysed before and after grouping the cohorts into APOEε4 carriers and APOEε4 non-carriers. Results Plasma IgA levels were higher in AD patients compared to NC in both cohorts. Also, AD patients demonstrated higher IgA area fraction and IgA+ cell number compared to NC. When APOEε4 status was considered, higher plasma IgA levels in AD patients were only seen in APOEε4 non-carriers. Finally, plasma IgA levels, exclusively in APOEε4 non-carriers, were associated with cognition, CRP, and CSF Aβ levels in cohort I as well as with IgA area fraction, IgA+ cell number, and Aβ, Lewy body, and NFT neuropathology in cohort II. Conclusions Our study suggests that AD pathology and cognitive decline are associated with increased plasma IgA levels in an APOE allele-dependent manner, where the associations are lost in APOEε4 carriers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z.
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25
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Inagaki E, Yoshimatsu S, Okano H. Accelerated neuronal aging in vitro ∼melting watch ∼. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868770. [PMID: 36016855 PMCID: PMC9397486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, the aging of the population and the associated increase in age-related diseases are causing major unresolved medical, social, and environmental matters. Therefore, research on aging has become one of the most important and urgent issues in life sciences. If the molecular mechanisms of the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are elucidated, we can expect to develop disease-modifying methods to prevent neurodegeneration itself. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), there has been an explosion of disease models using disease-specific iPSCs derived from patient-derived somatic cells. By inducing the differentiation of iPSCs into neurons, disease models that reflect the patient-derived pathology can be reproduced in culture dishes, and are playing an active role in elucidating new pathological mechanisms and as a platform for new drug discovery. At the same time, however, we are faced with a new problem: how to recapitulate aging in culture dishes. It has been pointed out that cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells are juvenile, retain embryonic traits, and may not be fully mature. Therefore, attempts are being made to induce cell maturation, senescence, and stress signals through culture conditions. It has also been reported that direct conversion of fibroblasts into neurons can reproduce human neurons with an aged phenotype. Here, we outline some state-of-the-art insights into models of neuronal aging in vitro. New frontiers in which stem cells and methods for inducing differentiation of tissue regeneration can be applied to aging research are just now approaching, and we need to keep a close eye on them. These models are forefront and intended to advance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of aging and contribute to the development of novel therapies for human neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hideyuki Okano,
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26
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Wiloch MZ, Baran N, Jonsson-Niedziolka M. The Influence of Coordination Mode on the Redox Properties of Copper Complexes with Aβ(3‐16) and its Pyroglutamate Counterpart pAβ(3‐16). ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Z. Wiloch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS: Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Chemii Fizycznej Department of Electrode Processes POLAND
| | - Natalia Baran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS: Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Chemii Fizycznej Department of Electrode Processes POLAND
| | - Martin Jonsson-Niedziolka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, PAS Department of electrode processes Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw POLAND
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27
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N-terminally truncated Aβ4-x proteoforms and their relevance for Alzheimer's pathophysiology. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 35641972 PMCID: PMC9158284 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits extends well beyond the classic Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 dichotomy, substantially expanded by multiple post-translational modifications that increase the proteome diversity. Numerous truncated fragments consistently populate the brain Aβ peptidome, and their homeostatic regulation and potential contribution to disease pathogenesis are largely unknown. Aβ4-x peptides have been reported as major components of plaque cores and the limited studies available indicate their relative abundance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the topographic distribution of Aβ4-x species in well-characterized AD cases using custom-generated monoclonal antibody 18H6—specific for Aβ4-x species and blind for full-length Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42—in conjunction with thioflavin-S and antibodies recognizing Aβx-40 and Aβx-42 proteoforms. Circular dichroism, thioflavin-T binding, and electron microscopy evaluated the biophysical and aggregation/oligomerization properties of full-length and truncated synthetic homologues, whereas stereotaxic intracerebral injections of monomeric and oligomeric radiolabeled homologues in wild-type mice were used to evaluate their brain clearance characteristics. Results All types of amyloid deposits contained the probed Aβ epitopes, albeit expressed in different proportions. Aβ4-x species showed preferential localization within thioflavin-S-positive cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cored plaques, strongly suggesting poor clearance characteristics and consistent with the reduced solubility and enhanced oligomerization of their synthetic homologues. In vivo clearance studies demonstrated a fast brain efflux of N-terminally truncated and full-length monomeric forms whereas their oligomeric counterparts—particularly of Aβ4-40 and Aβ4-42—consistently exhibited enhanced brain retention. Conclusions The persistence of aggregation-prone Aβ4-x proteoforms likely contributes to the process of amyloid formation, self-perpetuating the amyloidogenic loop and exacerbating amyloid-mediated pathogenic pathways.
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28
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Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. The interactions of these peptides with copper and zinc ions also seem to be crucial for this pathology. Although Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions binding by Aβ peptides has been scrupulously investigated, surprisingly, this phenomenon has not been so thoroughly elucidated for N-truncated Aβ4-x-probably the most common version of this biomolecule. This negligence also applies to mixed Cu-Zn complexes. From the structural in silico analysis presented in this work, it appears that there are two possible mixed Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complexes with different stoichiometries and, consequently, distinct properties. The Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complex with 1:1:1 stoichiometry may have a neuroprotective superoxide dismutase-like activity. On the other hand, another mixed 2:1:2 Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complex is perhaps a seed for toxic oligomers. Hence, this work proposes a novel research direction for our better understanding of AD development.
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29
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Wright JP, Goodman JR, Lin YG, Lieberman BP, Clemens J, Gomez LF, Liang Q, Hoye AT, Pontecorvo MJ, Conway KA. Monoamine oxidase binding not expected to significantly affect [ 18F]flortaucipir PET interpretation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3797-3808. [PMID: 35596745 PMCID: PMC9399028 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose [18F]-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands permit in vivo assessment of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including aggregated neurofibrillary tau (NFT) with [18F]flortaucipir. Due to structural similarities of flortaucipir with some monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors, this study aimed to evaluate flortaucipir binding to MAO-A and MAO-B and any potential impact on PET interpretation. Methods [18F]Flortaucipir autoradiography was performed on frozen human brain tissue slices, and PET imaging was conducted in rats. Dissociation constants were determined by saturation binding, association and dissociation rates were measured by kinetic binding experiments, and IC50 values were determined by competition binding. Results Under stringent wash conditions, specific [18F]flortaucipir binding was observed on tau NFT-rich Alzheimer’s disease tissue and not control tissue. In vivo PET experiments in rats revealed no evidence of [18F]flortaucipir binding to MAO-A; pre-treatment with MAO inhibitor pargyline did not impact uptake or wash-out of [18F]flortaucipir. [18F]Flortaucipir bound with low nanomolar affinity to human MAO-A in a microsomal preparation in vitro but with a fast dissociation rate relative to MAO-A ligand fluoroethyl-harmol, consistent with no observed in vivo binding in rats of [18F]flortaucipir to MAO-A. Direct binding of flortaucipir to human MAO-B was not detected in a microsomal preparation. A high concentration of flortaucipir (IC50 of 1.3 μM) was found to block binding of the MAO-B ligand safinamide to MAO-B on microsomes suggesting that, at micromolar concentrations, flortaucipir weakly binds to MAO-B in vitro. Conclusion These data suggest neither MAO-A nor MAO-B binding will contribute significantly to the PET signal in cortical target areas relevant to the interpretation of [18F]flortaucipir. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05822-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Wright
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason R Goodman
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yin-Guo Lin
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian P Lieberman
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Clemens
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis F Gomez
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qianwa Liang
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam T Hoye
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kelly A Conway
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Subedi S, Sasidharan S, Nag N, Saudagar P, Tripathi T. Amyloid Cross-Seeding: Mechanism, Implication, and Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:1776. [PMID: 35335141 PMCID: PMC8955620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, etc. are caused by inclusions and plaques containing misfolded protein aggregates. These protein aggregates are essentially formed by the interactions of either the same (homologous) or different (heterologous) sequences. Several experimental pieces of evidence have revealed the presence of cross-seeding in amyloid proteins, which results in a multicomponent assembly; however, the molecular and structural details remain less explored. Here, we discuss the amyloid proteins and the cross-seeding phenomena in detail. Data suggest that targeting the common epitope of the interacting amyloid proteins may be a better therapeutic option than targeting only one species. We also examine the dual inhibitors that target the amyloid proteins participating in the cross-seeding events. The future scopes and major challenges in understanding the mechanism and developing therapeutics are also considered. Detailed knowledge of the amyloid cross-seeding will stimulate further research in the practical aspects and better designing anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Subedi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, India;
| | - Niharika Nag
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, India;
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.S.); (N.N.)
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31
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Golde TE. Alzheimer’s disease – the journey of a healthy brain into organ failure. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 35248124 PMCID: PMC8898417 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exacts an immense personal, societal, and economic toll. AD was first described at the neuropathological level in the early 1900s. Today, we have mechanistic insight into select aspects of AD pathogenesis and have the ability to clinically detect and diagnose AD and underlying AD pathologies in living patients. These insights demonstrate that AD is a complex, insidious, degenerative proteinopathy triggered by Aβ aggregate formation. Over time Aβ pathology drives neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology, dysfunction of virtually all cell types in the brain, and ultimately, overt neurodegeneration. Yet, large gaps in our knowledge of AD pathophysiology and huge unmet medical need remain. Though we largely conceptualize AD as a disease of aging, heritable and non-heritable factors impact brain physiology, either continuously or at specific time points during the lifespan, and thereby alter risk for devolvement of AD. Herein, I describe the lifelong journey of a healthy brain from birth to death with AD, while acknowledging the many knowledge gaps that remain regarding our understanding of AD pathogenesis. To ensure the current lexicon surrounding AD changes from inevitable, incurable, and poorly manageable to a lexicon of preventable, curable, and manageable we must address these knowledge gaps, develop therapies that have a bigger impact on clinical symptoms or progression of disease and use these interventions at the appropriate stage of disease.
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32
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Im D, Heo CE, Son MK, Park CR, Kim HI, Choi JM. Kinetic Modulation of Amyloid-β (1–42) Aggregation and Toxicity by Structure-Based Rational Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1603-1611. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Im
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Eun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Kook Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ri Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. The Swedish dilemma - the almost exclusive use of APPswe-based mouse models impedes adequate evaluation of alternative β-secretases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119164. [PMID: 34699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however incurable so far. It is widely accepted that aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of AD, as they cause neurotoxicity and deposit as so-called Aβ plaques in AD patient brains. Aβ peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) upon consecutive cleavage at the β- and γ-secretase site. Hence, mutations in the APP gene are often associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD. Almost thirty years ago, two mutations at the β-secretase site were observed in two Swedish families (termed Swedish APP (APPswe) mutations), which led to early-onset AD. Consequently, APPswe was established in almost every common AD mouse model, as it contributes to early Aβ plaque formation and cognitive impairments. Analyzing these APPswe-based mouse models, the aspartyl protease BACE1 has been evolving as the prominent β-secretase responsible for Aβ release in AD and as the most important therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, with respect to β-secretase processing, the very rare occurring APPswe variant substantially differs from wild-type APP. BACE1 dominates APPswe processing resulting in the release of Aβ1-x, whereas N-terminally truncated Aβ forms are scarcely generated. However, these N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as Aβ2-x, Aβ3-x and Aβ4-x are elevated in AD patient brains and exhibit an increased potential to aggregate compared to Aβ1-x peptides. Proteases such as meprin β, cathepsin B and ADAMTS4 were identified as alternative β-secretases being capable of generating these N-terminally truncated Aβ species from wild-type APP. However, neither meprin β nor cathepsin B are capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from APPswe. Hence, the role of BACE1 for the Aβ formation during AD might be overrepresented through the excessive use of APPswe mouse models. In this review we critically discuss the consideration of BACE1 as the most promising therapeutic target. Shifting the focus of AD research towards alternative β secretases might unveil promising alternatives to BACE1 inhibitors constantly failing in clinical trials due to ineffectiveness and harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Kroth H, Oden F, Molette J, Schieferstein H, Gabellieri E, Mueller A, Berndt M, Sreenivasachary N, Serra AM, Capotosti F, Schmitt-Willich H, Hickman D, Pfeifer A, Dinkelborg L, Stephens A. PI-2620 Lead Optimization Highlights the Importance of Off-Target Assays to Develop a PET Tracer for the Detection of Pathological Aggregated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12808-12830. [PMID: 34455780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first candidate PI-2014 was tested in healthy controls and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As PI-2014 displayed off-target binding to monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), a new lead with improved binding to Tau and decreased MAO-A binding was required. For compound optimization, Tau binding assays based on both human AD brain homogenate and Tau-paired helical filaments were employed. Furthermore, two MAO-A screening assays based on (1) human-recombinant MAO-A and (2) displacement of 2-fluoro-ethyl-harmine from mouse brain homogenate were employed. Removing the N-methyl group from the tricyclic core resulted in compounds displaying improved Tau binding. For the final round of optimization, the cyclic amine substituents were replaced by pyridine derivatives. PI-2620 (2-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine) emerged as a best candidate displaying high Tau binding, low MAO-A binding, high brain uptake, and fast and complete brain washout. Furthermore, PI-2620 showed Tau binding on brain sections from corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andre Mueller
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - David Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Dinkelborg
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Platelet APP Processing: Is It a Tool to Explore the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080750. [PMID: 34440494 PMCID: PMC8401829 DOI: 10.3390/life11080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a critical event in the formation of amyloid plaques. Platelets contain most of the enzymatic machinery required for APP processing and correlates of intracerebral abnormalities have been demonstrated in platelets of patients with AD. The goal of the present paper was to analyze studies exploring platelet APP metabolism in Alzheimer's disease patients trying to assess potential reliable peripheral biomarkers, to offer new therapeutic solutions and to understand the pathophysiology of the AD. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to June 2020 with the search terms: "((((((APP) OR Amyloid Precursor Protein) OR AbetaPP) OR Beta Amyloid) OR Amyloid Beta) OR APP-processing) AND platelet". Thirty-two studies were included in this systematic review. The papers included are analytic observational studies, namely twenty-nine cross sectional studies and three longitudinal studies, specifically prospective cohort study. The studies converge in an almost unitary way in affirming that subjects with AD show changes in APP processing compared to healthy age-matched controls. However, the problem of the specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
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36
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El Gaamouch F, Liu K, Lin HY, Wu C, Wang J. Development of grape polyphenols as multi-targeting strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105046. [PMID: 33872681 PMCID: PMC8178246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging and is a major burden for patients, caregivers, and the overall health care system. The complexity of AD pathophysiology and the lack of deep understanding of disease mechanisms impeded the development of AD therapy. Currently approved treatments for AD only modestly improve cognitive function but do not modify disease course. The lack of pharmacological approaches has led to the consideration of alternative strategies to prevent or to slow down the progression of AD. There has been a growing interest in the scientific community regarding the impact of diet and nutrition on AD. Grape derived nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds have demonstrated anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties and present as potential novel strategies for AD treatment. In this review, we summarize promising grape derived polyphenols that have been shown to modulate AD pathophysiology including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation, AD-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Clark Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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37
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McFarland G, La Joie E, Thomas P, Lyons-Weiler J. Corrigendum to "Acute exposure and chronic retention of aluminum in three vaccine schedules and effects of genetic and environmental variation". [J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 58 (2020) 126444]. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126727. [PMID: 33550038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant McFarland
- The Institute for Pure and Applied Knowledge, Pittsburgh, PA 15101, United States
| | - Elaine La Joie
- The Institute for Pure and Applied Knowledge, Pittsburgh, PA 15101, United States
| | - Paul Thomas
- Integrative Pediatrics, Portland, OR, 97225, United States
| | - James Lyons-Weiler
- The Institute for Pure and Applied Knowledge, Pittsburgh, PA 15101, United States.
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The Protective A673T Mutation of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4038-4050. [PMID: 33914267 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles consisted of intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Most of the mutations in key genes that code for amyloid precursor protein can lead to significant accumulation of these peptides in the brain and cause Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, some point mutations in amyloid precursor protein can cause familial Alzheimer's disease, such as Swedish mutation (KM670/671NL) and A673V mutation. However, recent studies have found that the A673T mutation in amyloid precursor protein gene can protect against Alzheimer's disease, even if it is located next to the Swedish mutation (KM670/671NL) and at the same site as A673V mutation, which are pathogenic. It makes us curious about the protective A673T mutation. Here, we summarize the most recent insights of A673T mutation, focus on their roles in protective mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease, and discuss their involvement in future treatment.
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Base editing strategy for insertion of the A673T mutation in the APP gene to prevent the development of AD in vitro. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:253-263. [PMID: 33815938 PMCID: PMC7985668 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein mostly found in neurons. Cleavage of this protein by β-secretase can lead to the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide plaque, which leads to Alzheimer's disease. Genomic analysis of an Icelandic population that did not show symptoms of Alzheimer's at an advanced age led to the discovery of the A673T mutation. This mutation can reduce β-secretase cleavage by 40%. We hypothesized that the insertion of this mutation in patients' neurons could be an effective and sustainable method of slowing down or even stopping the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We modified the APP gene in HEK293T cells and in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma using a Cas9 nickase (Cas9n)-deaminase enzyme to convert the alanine codon to a threonine. Several Cas9n-deaminase variants were tested to compare their efficiency of conversion. The results were characterized and quantified by deep sequencing. We successfully introduced the A673T mutation in 53% of HEK293T cells alongside a new mutation (E674K), which seemed to further reduce Aβ peptide accumulation. Our approach aimed to provide a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's and in so doing, demonstrate the capacity of base editing techniques for treating genetic diseases.
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Babić Leko M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:379-421. [PMID: 33785136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems in AD, emphasizing the importance of interactions between the serotonergic and the other subcortical modulatory systems during the progression of AD. In physiological conditions, all neurotransmitter systems function in concert and are interdependent at both the neuroanatomical and molecular levels. Through their early involvement in AD, cognitive and behavioral abilities that rely on their interactions also become disrupted. Considering that serotonin (5HT) regulates the release of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), any alteration in 5HT levels leads to disturbance of NA, DA, and ACh homeostasis in the brain. One of the earliest pathological changes during the prodromal phase of AD is a decrease of serotonergic transmission throughout the brain, with serotonergic receptors being also affected. Additionally, serotonergic and noradrenergic as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected. As the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is affected by pathological changes early in AD, and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit AD-related pathological changes, their connectivity also becomes altered in AD. Such disrupted interactions among neurotransmitter systems in AD can be used in the development of multi-target drugs. Some of the potential AD therapeutics (such as ASS234, RS67333, tropisetron) target multiple neurotransmitter systems to achieve the best possible improvement of cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD. Here, we review how serotonergic system interacts with other subcortical modulatory systems (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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41
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Yu W, Jin H, Huang Y. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs): a potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:109-126. [PMID: 33404051 PMCID: PMC7796309 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is a leading global health concern for individuals and society. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD have not yet been elucidated. Currently, the most widely acknowledged hypothesis is amyloid cascade owing to the brain characteristics of AD patients, including great quantities of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Nevertheless, the amyloid cascade hypothesis cannot address certain pathologies that precede Aβ deposition and NFTs formation in AD, such as aberrant calcium homeostasis, abnormal lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Notably, these earlier pathologies are closely associated with mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), the physical structures connecting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which mediate the communication between these two organelles. It is plausible that MAMs might be involved in a critical step in the cascade of earlier events, ultimately inducing neurodegeneration in AD. In this review, we focus on the role of MAMs in the regulation of AD pathologies and the potential molecular mechanisms related to MAM-mediated pathological changes in AD. An enhanced recognition of the preclinical pathogenesis in AD could provide new therapeutic strategies, shifting the modality from treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
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The Aggregation Pattern of Aβ
1–40
is Altered by the Presence of
N
‐Truncated Aβ
4–40
and/or Cu
II
in a Similar Way through Ionic Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:2798-2809. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pedrioli G, Paganetti P. Hijacking Endocytosis and Autophagy in Extracellular Vesicle Communication: Where the Inside Meets the Outside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:595515. [PMID: 33490063 PMCID: PMC7817780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, phospholipid bilayer-membrane vesicles of cellular origin, are emerging as nanocarriers of biological information between cells. Extracellular vesicles transport virtually all biologically active macromolecules (e.g., nucleotides, lipids, and proteins), thus eliciting phenotypic changes in recipient cells. However, we only partially understand the cellular mechanisms driving the encounter of a soluble ligand transported in the lumen of extracellular vesicles with its cytosolic receptor: a step required to evoke a biologically relevant response. In this context, we review herein current evidence supporting the role of two well-described cellular transport pathways: the endocytic pathway as the main entry route for extracellular vesicles and the autophagic pathway driving lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins. The interplay between these pathways may result in the target engagement between an extracellular vesicle cargo protein and its cytosolic target within the acidic compartments of the cell. This mechanism of cell-to-cell communication may well own possible implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giona Pedrioli
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
- Member of the International Ph.D. Program of the Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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44
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Elfgen A, Santiago-Schübel B, Hupert M, Schemmert S, Schartmann E, Tusche M, Gering I, Zafiu C, Kutzsche J. Oral absorption enhancement of the amyloid-β oligomer eliminating compound RD2 by conjugation with folic acid. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105581. [PMID: 33035662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a central role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Aβ oligomers representing the most toxic species. The all-d-enantiomeric peptide RD2, which recently successfully completed clinical phase I, specifically eliminates Aβ oligomers in vitro as well as in vivo and improves cognitive deficits in various transgenic AD mouse models even after oral administration. To further enhance the oral absorption of RD2, folic acid has been conjugated to the d-peptide promoting an endocytosis-mediated uptake via a folate receptor located in the intestine. Two different conjugation strategies were selected to obtain prodrugs with folic acid being cleaved after intestinal absorption releasing unmodified RD2 in order to enable RD2's unaltered systemic efficacy. Both conjugates remained stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. But only one of them was suitable as prodrug as it was cleaved to RD2 in vitro in human blood plasma and liver microsomes and in vivo in mice after intravenous injection leading to a systemic release of RD2. Furthermore, the conjugate's permeability in vitro and after oral administration in mice was strongly enhanced compared to unconjugated RD2 demonstrating the prodrug's functionality. However, the conjugate seemed to have impaired the mice's wellbeing shortly after oral administration possibly resulting from strain-specific hypersensitivity to folic acid. Nevertheless, we assume that the prodrug is actually non-toxic, especially in lower concentrations as verified by a cell viability test. Furthermore, lower dosages can be applied with unaltered efficacy due to its enhanced oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Elfgen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Beatrix Santiago-Schübel
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michelle Hupert
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Elena Schartmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Tusche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian Gering
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry 7 (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S. Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship: an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:280-295. [PMID: 32382138 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies show an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is debated whether this association is the consequence of biological mechanisms shared by both these conditions or may be related to the pharmacological treatments carried out on the patients. The latter hypothesis, however, is not sustained by the available evidence. Hence, the focus of this review is to analyze common biological mechanisms for both cancer and AD and to build up a biological theory useful to explain the inverse correlation between AD and cancer. The review proposes a hypothesis, according to which several molecular players, prominently PIN1 and p53, have been investigated and considered involved in complex molecular interactions putatively associated with the inverse correlation. On the other hand, p53 involvement in both diseases seems to be a consequence of the aberrant activation of other proteins. Instead, PIN1 may be identified as a novel key regulator at the crossroad between cancer and AD. PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization, thus regulating the conformation of different protein substrates after phosphorylation and modulating protein function. In particular, trans-conformations of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and tau are functional and "healthy", while cis-conformations, triggered after phosphorylation, are pathogenic. As an example, PIN1 accelerates APP cis-to-trans isomerization thus favoring the non-amyloidogenic pathway, while, in the absence of PIN1, APP is processed through the amyloidogenic pathway, thus predisposing to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, a link between PIN1 and tau regulation has been found, since when PIN1 function is inhibited, tau is hyperphosphorylated. Data from brain specimens of subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment and AD have revealed a very low PIN1 expression. Moreover, polymorphisms in PIN1 promoter correlated with an increased PIN1 expression are associated with a delay of sporadic AD age of onset, while a polymorphism related to a reduced PIN1 expression is associated with a decreased risk of multiple cancers. In the case of dementias, in particular of Alzheimer's disease, new biological markers and targets based on the discussed players can be developed based on a theoretical approach relying on different grounds compared to the past. An unbiased expansion of the rationale and of the targets may help to achieve in the field of neurodegenerative dementias similar advances to those attained in the case of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Guyon A, Rousseau J, Lamothe G, Tremblay JP. The protective mutation A673T in amyloid precursor protein gene decreases Aβ peptides production for 14 forms of Familial Alzheimer's Disease in SH-SY5Y cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237122. [PMID: 33370284 PMCID: PMC7769289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain leads to the onset and development of Alzheimer’s disease. The Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by α-secretase (non-amyloidogenic processing of APP), however increased cleavage by β-secretase (BACE1) leads to the accumulation of Aβ peptides, which forms plaques. APP mutations mapping to exons 16 and 17 favor plaque accumulation and cause Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD). However, a variant of the APP gene (A673T) originally found in an Icelandic population reduces BACE1 cleavage by 40%. A series of plasmids containing the APP gene, each with one of 29 different FAD mutations mapping to exon 16 and exon 17 was created. These plasmids were then replicated with the addition of the A673T mutation. Combined these formed the library of plasmids that was used in this study. The plasmids were transfected in neuroblastomas to assess the effect of this mutation on Aβ peptide production. The production of Aβ peptides was decreased for some FAD mutations due to the presence of the co-dominant A673T mutation. The reduction of Aβ peptide concentrations for the London mutation (V717I) even reached the same level as for A673T control in SH-SY5Y cells. These preliminary results suggest that the insertion of A673T in APP genes containing FAD mutations might confer a clinical benefit in preventing or delaying the onset of some FADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guyon
- Centre de Recherche du CHU, Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, l’Université Laval Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU, Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, l’Université Laval Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU, Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, l’Université Laval Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU, Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, l’Université Laval Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Mital M, Szutkowski K, Bossak-Ahmad K, Skrobecki P, Drew SC, Poznański J, Zhukov I, Frączyk T, Bal W. The Palladium(II) Complex of A β4-16 as Suitable Model for Structural Studies of Biorelevant Copper(II) Complexes of N-Truncated Beta-Amyloids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9200. [PMID: 33276669 PMCID: PMC7731285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aβ4-42 peptide is a major beta-amyloid species in the human brain, forming toxic aggregates related to Alzheimer's Disease. It also strongly chelates Cu(II) at the N-terminal Phe-Arg-His ATCUN motif, as demonstrated in Aβ4-16 and Aβ4-9 model peptides. The resulting complex resists ROS generation and exchange processes and may help protect synapses from copper-related oxidative damage. Structural characterization of Cu(II)Aβ4-x complexes by NMR would help elucidate their biological function, but is precluded by Cu(II) paramagneticism. Instead we used an isostructural diamagnetic Pd(II)-Aβ4-16 complex as a model. To avoid a kinetic trapping of Pd(II) in an inappropriate transient structure, we designed an appropriate pH-dependent synthetic procedure for ATCUN Pd(II)Aβ4-16, controlled by CD, fluorescence and ESI-MS. Its assignments and structure at pH 6.5 were obtained by TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, 1H-13C HSQC and 1H-15N HSQC NMR experiments, for natural abundance 13C and 15N isotopes, aided by corresponding experiments for Pd(II)-Phe-Arg-His. The square-planar Pd(II)-ATCUN coordination was confirmed, with the rest of the peptide mostly unstructured. The diffusion rates of Aβ4-16, Pd(II)-Aβ4-16 and their mixture determined using PGSE-NMR experiment suggested that the Pd(II) complex forms a supramolecular assembly with the apopeptide. These results confirm that Pd(II) substitution enables NMR studies of structural aspects of Cu(II)-Aβ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Mital
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Karolina Bossak-Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Piotr Skrobecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon C. Drew
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (M.M.); (K.B.-A.); (P.S.); (S.C.D.); (J.P.)
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48
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Fagiani F, Lanni C, Racchi M, Pascale A, Govoni S. Amyloid-β and Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics: A Cacophonic Orchestra. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1-14. [PMID: 31561377 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is now more than two decades since amyloid-β (Aβ), the proteolytic product of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), was first demonstrated to be a normal and soluble product of neuronal metabolism. To date, despite a growing body of evidence suggests its regulatory role on synaptic function, the exact cellular and molecular pathways involved in Aβ-driven synaptic effects remain elusive. This review provides an overview of the mounting evidence showing Aβ-mediated effects on presynaptic functions and neurotransmitter release from axon terminals, focusing on its interaction with synaptic vesicle cycle. Indeed, Aβ peptides have been found to interact with key presynaptic scaffold proteins and kinases affecting the consequential steps of the synaptic vesicle dynamics (e.g., synaptic vesicles exocytosis, endocytosis, and trafficking). Defects in the fine-tuning of synaptic vesicle cycle by Aβ and deregulation of key molecules and kinases, which orchestrate synaptic vesicle availability, may alter synaptic homeostasis, possibly contributing to synaptic loss and cognitive decline. Elucidating the presynaptic mechanisms by which Aβ regulate synaptic transmission is fundamental for a deeper comprehension of the biology of presynaptic terminals as well as of Aβ-driven early synaptic defects occurring in prodromal stage of AD. Moreover, a better understating of Aβ involvement in cellular signal pathways may allow to set up more effective therapeutic interventions by detecting relevant molecular mechanisms, whose imbalance might ultimately lead to synaptic impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
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Sun BL, Chen Y, Fan DY, Zhu C, Zeng F, Wang YJ. Critical thinking on amyloid-beta-targeted therapy: challenges and perspectives. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:926-937. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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Gastaldo IP, Himbert S, Ram U, Rheinstädter MC. The Effects of Resveratrol, Caffeine, β-Carotene, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Amyloid- β 25 -- 35 Aggregation in Synthetic Brain Membranes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000632. [PMID: 32981185 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the formation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. There exists, to this day, no cure or effective prevention for the disease; however, there is evidence that a healthy diet and certain food products can slow down first occurrence and progression. To investigate if food ingredients can interact with peptide aggregates, synthetic membranes that contained aggregates consisting of cross-β sheets of the membrane active fragment A β 25 -- 35 are prepared. METHODS AND RESULTS The impact of resveratrol, found in grapes, caffeine, the main active ingredient in coffee, β-carotene, found in orange fruits and vegetables, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea, on the size and volume fraction of Aβ aggregates is studied using optical and fluorescence microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. All compounds are membrane active and spontaneously partitioned in the synthetic brain membranes. While resveratrol and caffeine lead to membrane thickening and reduced membrane fluidity, β-carotene and EGCG preserve or increase fluidity. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and caffeine do not reduce the volume fraction of peptide aggregates while β-carotene significantly reduces plaque size. Interestingly, EGCG dissolves peptide aggregates and significantly decreases the corresponding cross-β and β-sheet signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella P Gastaldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Udbhav Ram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Maikel C Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
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