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Subjective well-being in non-obese individuals depends strongly on body composition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21797. [PMID: 34750456 PMCID: PMC8576020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While obesity has been correlated with welfare in the general population, there is not much data on the influence of body composition on welfare among the non-obese adult individuals. In this study, a total of 726 non-obese individuals from the general population were analyzed. The mean age was 46.8 ± 15.4 years and 42.1% of participants were male. The anthropometric measurements and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were done. The mean value for the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was 23.09 ± 5.43, for Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) was 78.0 ± 14.5, and for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was 6.7 ± 6.6. On the SWLS, the higher waist-hip ratio had a negative impact even after adjusting for age, gender, and concomitant diseases. EQ-VAS was inversely associated with android fat distribution and directly associated with muscle mass. BDI value was inversely associated with lower muscle mass, especially in lower limbs. The well-being of women was mainly associated with the distribution of adipose tissue and less with the distribution of muscle tissue-abdominal fat distribution has a particularly negative impact on well-being among women. In contrast, men's well-being depends more on muscle mass and to a lesser extent on the distribution of fat tissue-a positive significant effect has lean mass and a circumference of thigh below gluteal fold.
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Hullam G, Antal P, Petschner P, Gonda X, Bagdy G, Deakin B, Juhasz G. The UKB envirome of depression: from interactions to synergistic effects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9723. [PMID: 31278308 PMCID: PMC6611783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a result of the complex interplay between a large number of environmental and genetic factors but the comprehensive analysis of contributing environmental factors is still an open challenge. The primary aim of this work was to create a Bayesian dependency map of environmental factors of depression, including life stress, social and lifestyle factors, using the UK Biobank data to determine direct dependencies and to characterize mediating or interacting effects of other mental health, metabolic or pain conditions. As a complementary approach, we also investigated the non-linear, synergistic multi-factorial risk of the UKB envirome on depression using deep neural network architectures. Our results showed that a surprisingly small number of core factors mediate the effects of the envirome on lifetime depression: neuroticism, current depressive symptoms, parental depression, body fat, while life stress and household income have weak direct effects. Current depressive symptom showed strong or moderate direct relationships with life stress, pain conditions, falls, age, insomnia, weight change, satisfaction, confiding in someone, exercise, sports and Townsend index. In conclusion, the majority of envirome exerts their effects in a dynamic network via transitive, interactive and synergistic relationships explaining why environmental effects may be obscured in studies which consider them individually.
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Grants
- OTKA (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, No. 119866), BME-Biotechnology FIKP grant of EMMI (BME FIKP-BIO)
- Hungarian Brain Research Program (KTIA 13 NAP-A-II/14, KTIA NAP 13-2-2015-0001, 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002), the National Development Agency (KTIA NAP 13-1-2013-0001), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group)
- UNKP-18-4-SE-33 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, Janos Bolyai Research Fellowship Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group), Hungarian Brain Research Program (KTIA 13 NAP-A-II/14, KTIA NAP 13-2-2015-0001, 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002), the National Development Agency (KTIA NAP 13-1-2013-0001)
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre
- OTKA (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, No. 119866) BME-Biotechnology FIKP grant of EMMI (BME FIKP-BIO) Hungarian Brain Research Program (KTIA\_13\_NAP-A-II/14, KTIA\_NAP\_13-2-2015-0001, 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002) National Development Agency (KTIA\_NAP\_13-1-2013-0001) National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group) New National Excellence Program of Ministry of Human Capacities (UNKP-17-4-BME-115,UNKP-18-4-SE-33)
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Hullam
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
- NAP2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
- NAP2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, Manchester, UK
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
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Mendez YP, Ralston PA, Wickrama KKAS, Bae D, Young-Clark I, Ilich JZ. Lower life satisfaction, active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older African Americans: outcomes of a longitudinal church-based intervention. J Behav Med 2018; 41:344-356. [PMID: 29357010 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined lower life satisfaction, active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and circumferences) in older African Americans over the phases of an 18-month church-based intervention, using a quasi-experimental design. Participants (n = 89) were 45 years of age and older from six churches (three treatment, three comparison) in North Florida. Lower life satisfaction had a persistent unfavorable effect on weight variables. Active coping showed a direct beneficial effect on selected weight variables. However, active coping was adversely associated with blood pressure, and did not moderate the association between lower life satisfaction and cardiovascular risk factors. The intervention had a beneficial moderating influence on the association between lower life satisfaction and weight variables and on the association between active coping and these variables. Yet, this pattern did not hold for the association between active coping and blood pressure. The relationship of lower life satisfaction and selected cardiovascular risk factors and the positive effect of active coping were established, but findings regarding blood pressure suggest further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia P Mendez
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Penny A Ralston
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1491, USA.
| | - Kandauda K A S Wickrama
- Georgia Athletic Association Endowed Professor of Human Development and Family Science Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dayoung Bae
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Iris Young-Clark
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1491, USA
| | - Jasminka Z Ilich
- Professor of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Grundy A, Cotterchio M, Kirsh VA, Kreiger N. Associations between anxiety, depression, antidepressant medication, obesity and weight gain among Canadian women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99780. [PMID: 24932472 PMCID: PMC4059657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Some mental illnesses have been suggested to be associated with obesity, although results are somewhat inconsistent and research has focused mainly on depression. Methods Associations between anxiety, depression, medications for these illnesses, and obesity were investigated cross-sectionally among women aged 25–74 (n = 3004) who participated as population controls in a cancer case-control study. Participants self-reported information on anxiety, depression, height, current weight and weight at age 25. Results No association was observed between either anxiety or depression and either current overweight or obesity status. However, depressed women taking antidepressants were more likely to be obese [OR = 1.71 (95%CI = 1.16–2.52) daily antidepressant use; OR = 1.89 (95%CI = 1.21–2.96) ever tricyclic antidepressant use]. In the full study sample consistent positive associations between anxiety, depression and obesity among women with a history of antidepressant use, and generally negative associations among women without, were suggested. Finally, weight gain was associated with history of anxiety [5–19 kg OR = 1.29 (95% CI = 1.06–1.57); ≥20 kg OR = 1.43 (95% CI = 1.08–1.88)] and depression [≥20 kg OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 0.99–1.65)]. Conclusions These results suggest depression and anxiety may be associated with weight gain and antidepressant use may be associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grundy
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Kreiger
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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A possible association between panic disorder and a polymorphism in the preproghrelingene. Psychiatry Res 2013; 206:22-5. [PMID: 23084284 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the preproghrelin gene are associated with anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, in humans. Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder, characterized by sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety in combination with somatic symptoms. The preproghrelin gene codes for two gut-derived circulating peptides that have been linked to anxiety-like behaviour in rodents: ghrelin (an orexigenic, pro-obesity hormone) and obestatin. In the present study, we genotyped three missense mutations in the preproghrelin gene in 215 patients suffering from panic disorder and in 451 controls. The A allele of the rs4684677 polymorphism was significantly associated with panic disorder, while there were no significant associations with the two other polymorphisms studied. We conclude that the rs4684677 (Gln90Leu) polymorphism in the preproghrelin gene may be associated with increased risk of panic disorder. It will be important to confirm these findings in additional panic disorder patient groups.
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Disentangling the effects of migration, selection and acculturation on weight and body fat distribution: results from a natural experiment involving Vietnamese Americans, returnees, and never-leavers. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 14:786-96. [PMID: 22427069 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We distinguish between selection and true migration effects on weight and body fat for Vietnamese immigrants; and examine the role of acculturation on these outcomes. Data (n = 703) were collected among three population-based samples of working-age Vietnamese immigrants, repatriated emigrants and never-migrated Vietnamese nationals. This allows for a decomposition exercise to separate the effects of migration effects from selection effects on body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Immigrants are more likely to be overweight and to have high WHR, relative to both never-leavers and returnees, a pattern reflecting the importance of migration over selection. Among immigrants, coming to the US at a younger age is associated with higher BMI and WHR levels. And longer length of residence in the US is related to higher BMI. While higher Vietnamese language proficiency is related to a lower BMI level, being bilingual (proficient in both English and Vietnamese) is associated with lower risks for being overweight. The distinct pattern of results suggests that more problematic weight status and fat distribution among Vietnamese immigrants relative to Vietnamese nationals are not artifacts of the types of persons choosing to emigrate, but rather are due to acculturation to American diet and lifestyles. While efforts to promote and maintain traditional patterns of diet and lifestyle are likely to help Vietnamese and other immigrants avoid the perils of American patterns, facilitating a bi-cultural orientation is perhaps the most realistic approach for preserving protective features of the culture of origin with regard to body weight and fat distribution.
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Hansson C, Shirazi RH, Näslund J, Vogel H, Neuber C, Holm G, Anckarsäter H, Dickson SL, Eriksson E, Skibicka KP. Ghrelin influences novelty seeking behavior in rodents and men. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50409. [PMID: 23227170 PMCID: PMC3515575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries indicate an important role for ghrelin in drug and alcohol reward and an ability of ghrelin to regulate mesolimbic dopamine activity. The role of dopamine in novelty seeking, and the association between this trait and drug and alcohol abuse, led us to hypothesize that ghrelin may influence novelty seeking behavior. To test this possibility we applied several complementary rodent models of novelty seeking behavior, i.e. inescapable novelty-induced locomotor activity (NILA), novelty-induced place preference and novel object exploration, in rats subjected to acute ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor; GHSR) stimulation or blockade. Furthermore we assessed the possible association between polymorphisms in the genes encoding ghrelin and GHSR and novelty seeking behavior in humans. The rodent studies indicate an important role for ghrelin in a wide range of novelty seeking behaviors. Ghrelin-injected rats exhibited a higher preference for a novel environment and increased novel object exploration. Conversely, those with GHSR blockade drastically reduced their preference for a novel environment and displayed decreased NILA. Importantly, the mesolimbic ventral tegmental area selective GHSR blockade was sufficient to reduce the NILA response indicating that the mesolimbic GHSRs might play an important role in the observed novelty responses. Moreover, in untreated animals, a striking positive correlation between NILA and sucrose reward behavior was detected. Two GHSR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2948694 and rs495225, were significantly associated with the personality trait novelty seeking, as assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in human subjects. This study provides the first evidence for a role of ghrelin in novelty seeking behavior in animals and humans, and also points to an association between food reward and novelty seeking in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hansson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rozita H. Shirazi
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Näslund
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Corinna Neuber
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Holm
- Department of Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P. Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fu H, VanLandingham MJ. Mental health consequences of international migration for Vietnamese Americans and the mediating effects of physical health and social networks: results from a natural experiment approach. Demography 2012; 49:393-424. [PMID: 22275002 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-011-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the existing literature on immigrant mental health is extensive, major substantive and methodological gaps remain. Substantively, there is little population-based research that focuses on the mental health consequences of migration for Vietnamese Americans. More generally, although a wide range of mental health problems among immigrants has been identified, the potential causal or mediating mechanisms underlying these problems remain elusive. This latter substantive shortcoming is related to a key methodological challenge involving the potentially confounding effects of selection on migration-related outcomes. This article addresses these challenges by employing a "natural experiment" design, involving comparisons among three population-based samples of Vietnamese immigrants, never-leavers, and returnees (N=709). Data were collected in Ho Chi Minh City and in New Orleans between 2003 and 2005. The study investigates the long-term impact of international migration on Vietnamese mental health, and the potential mediating effects of social networks and physical health on these migration-related outcomes. The results reveal both mental health advantages and disadvantages among Vietnamese immigrants relative to the two groups of Vietnamese nationals. Selection can be ruled out for some of these differences, and both social networks and physical health are found to play important explanatory roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Fu
- Population Services International/China, B-21F Zhiyuan Building, No. 389 Qingnian Road, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Personality traits and the R668Q polymorphism located in the MMP-9 gene. Behav Brain Res 2012; 228:232-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Leblond CS, Heinrich J, Delorme R, Proepper C, Betancur C, Huguet G, Konyukh M, Chaste P, Ey E, Rastam M, Anckarsäter H, Nygren G, Gillberg IC, Melke J, Toro R, Regnault B, Fauchereau F, Mercati O, Lemière N, Skuse D, Poot M, Holt R, Monaco AP, Järvelä I, Kantojärvi K, Vanhala R, Curran S, Collier DA, Bolton P, Chiocchetti A, Klauck SM, Poustka F, Freitag CM, Waltes R, Kopp M, Duketis E, Bacchelli E, Minopoli F, Ruta L, Battaglia A, Mazzone L, Maestrini E, Sequeira AF, Oliveira B, Vicente A, Oliveira G, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Lathrop M, Bonneau D, Guinchat V, Devillard F, Assouline B, Mouren MC, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Boeckers TM, Bourgeron T. Genetic and functional analyses of SHANK2 mutations suggest a multiple hit model of autism spectrum disorders. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002521. [PMID: 22346768 PMCID: PMC3276563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD, little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variations. Here, following the discovery of two de novo SHANK2 deletions by the Autism Genome Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo SHANK2 deletion in a patient with autism. We then sequenced SHANK2 in 455 patients with ASD and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berkel et al. 2010 (n = 396 patients and n = 659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved amino acids in 29 of 851 (3.4%) patients and in 16 of 1,090 (1.5%) controls (P = 0.004, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.23-4.70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in patients were associated with a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P = 0.0013). Interestingly, the three patients with de novo SHANK2 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15q11-q13 previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In two cases, the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor CYFIP1 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in ASD but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model" for ASD. A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will be necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Jutta Heinrich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | | | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM, U952, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7224, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marina Konyukh
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ey
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - I. Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Melke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Regnault
- Eukaryote Genotyping Platform, Genopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Fauchereau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Mercati
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lemière
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - David Skuse
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Poot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Vanhala
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Curran
- Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Collier
- Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Chiocchetti
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marnie Kopp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Ruta
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Paediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana F. Sequeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Unidade Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Centro Investigação e Formação Clinica, Hospital Pediátrico Coimbra e Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Bonneau
- INSERM U771 and CNRS 6214, Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Guinchat
- CADIPA–Centre de Ressources Autisme Rhône-Alpes, Saint Egrève, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Christine Mouren
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor–A. Chenevier, Département de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Evidence for the use of appetite suppressant drugs in Brazil: a pharmacoeconometric study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mota DM, Silva GG. Evidências advindas do consumo de medicamentos moduladores do apetite no Brasil: um estudo farmacoeconométrico. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Cizza G. Major depressive disorder is a risk factor for low bone mass, central obesity, and other medical conditions. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2011. [PMID: 21485748 PMCID: PMC3181971 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2011.13.1/gcizza] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the adult population. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis is also a major public health threat. Multiple studies have reported an association between depression and low bone mineral density, but a causal link between these two conditions is disputed. Here the most important findings of the POWER (Premenopausal, Osteoporosis Women, Alendronate, Depression) Study, a large prospective study of bone turnover in premenopausal women with major depression, are summarized. The endocrine and immune alterations secondary to depression that might affect bone mass, and the possible role of poor lifestyle in the etiology of osteoporosis in subjects with depression, are also reviewed, as is the potential effect of antidepressants on bone loss. It is proposed that depression induces bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, primarily via specific immune and endocrine mechanisms, with poor lifestyle habits as potential contributory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cizza
- Diabetes, Obesity, Endocrine Branch, NIDDK, NIH, DHHS, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1613, USA.
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15
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Abstract
I investigated the association between depression and percent body fat, two major global problems. Participants are 1,704 American women, ages 39-49, who responded to a detailed self-administered mailed questionnaire. My results showed a positive correlation; the adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.20, 2.39), p = .002. Percent body fat was estimated from age, height, and weight, a cost-free method that may be useful in areas in which dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, or other procedures are too costly or unavailable. My findings may aid health and mental health care providers in the management and treatment of patients seen in settings with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wyshak
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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16
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Bah J, Westberg L, Baghaei F, Henningsson S, Rosmond R, Melke J, Holm G, Eriksson E. Further exploration of the possible influence of polymorphisms in HTR2C and 5HTT on body weight. Metabolism 2010; 59:1156-63. [PMID: 20092861 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptors of the 5-HT2C subtype are of importance for the influence of serotonin on food intake, and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene (HTR2C)--Cys23Ser (rs6318) and -759C>T (rs3813929)--have been reported to be associated with weight and/or antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The present study aimed to replicate these associations; in addition, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) was assessed. The polymorphisms were genotyped in subjects recruited from the normal population (n = 510), and possible associations between genotype and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The Ser23 allele was more common in underweight subjects (BMI <20) than in normal- and overweight (BMI > or =20) subjects (P = .006). The T allele of the -759C/T polymorphism was less common in the overweight group (BMI > or =25) (P = .007). Homozygosity for the short allele of 5-HTTLPR was more frequent in underweight subjects (P = .015). Our results are in agreement with previous studies, suggesting polymorphisms in HTR2C to be associated with body weight, particularly in women; and they also suggest that 5-HTTLPR may influence this phenotype. Further studies on the importance of the investigated genes for eating disorders and drug-induced weight gain are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 431, SE- 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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17
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Annerbrink K, Westberg L, Olsson M, Allgulander C, Andersch S, Sjödin I, Holm G, Eriksson E. Association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder: a replication. Psychiatry Res 2010; 178:196-8. [PMID: 20457471 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder was studied in a Swedish sample of 211 patients and 452 controls. We found a significant excess of the Val allele in both male and female patients, the latter but not the former finding being in line with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Annerbrink
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Mutation screening of melatonin-related genes in patients with autism spectrum disorders. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:10. [PMID: 20377855 PMCID: PMC3020629 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One consistent finding in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a decreased level of the pineal gland hormone melatonin and it has recently been demonstrated that this decrease to a large extent is due to low activity of the acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme in the melatonin synthesis pathway. Moreover, mutations in the ASMT gene have been identified, including a splice site mutation, that were associated with low ASMT activity and melatonin secretion, suggesting that the low ASMT activity observed in autism is, at least partly, due to variation within the ASMT gene. Methods In the present study, we have investigated all the genes involved in the melatonin pathway by mutation screening of AA-NAT (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase), ASMT, MTNR1A, MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1A and 1B) and GPR50 (G protein-coupled receptor 50), encoding both synthesis enzymes and the three main receptors of melatonin, in 109 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A cohort of 188 subjects from the general population was used as a comparison group and was genotyped for the variants identified in the patient sample. Results Several rare variants were identified in patients with ASD, including the previously reported splice site mutation in ASMT (IVS5+2T>C). Of the variants affecting protein sequence, only the V124I in the MTNR1B gene was absent in our comparison group. However, mutations were found in upstream regulatory regions in three of the genes investigated, ASMT, MTNR1A, and MTNR1B. Conclusions Our report of another ASD patient carrying the splice site mutation IVS5+2T>C, in ASMT further supports an involvement of this gene in autism. Moreover, our results also suggest that other melatonin related genes might be interesting candidates for further investigation in the search for genes involved in autism spectrum disorders and related neurobehavioral phenotypes. However, further studies of the novel variants identified in this study are warranted to shed light on their potential role in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Spencer SJ, Tilbrook A. Neonatal overfeeding alters adult anxiety and stress responsiveness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:1133-43. [PMID: 19303720 PMCID: PMC2726293 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal nutritional environment is critical for programming the systems regulating body weight, and an inappropriate nutritional environment in early life can lead to overweight or obesity later on. In this study we demonstrate that changes to the neonatal nutritional environment, induced by changing the litter size in which the animal is raised, can alter not only body weight into adulthood, but also anxiety behaviours and stress responsiveness. These effects appear to be somewhat sex-dependent, affecting female rats more strongly than males. Thus, Wistar rats raised in small litters, where they have greater access to their mothers' milk, weigh more in adulthood than those raised in large litters. Females from these small litters show enhanced exploratory behaviour and reduced anxiety in the elevated plus maze, entering the open arms more often. They also display enhanced central responses to restraint stress including greater activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, possibly indicating that the changes we see are related to enhanced arousal. Thus, while neonatal litter size affects long-term body weight regulation, it can also alter long-term activity, anxiety and stress responsiveness, and the degree to which it does so appears to be sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Spencer
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 3 9902 0114; fax: +61 3 9905 2547.
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20
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Possible association between the androgen receptor gene and autism spectrum disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:752-61. [PMID: 19167832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a highly heritable disorder but the specific genes involved remain largely unknown. The higher prevalence of autism in men than in women, in conjunction with a number of other observations, has led to the suggestion that prenatal brain exposure to androgens may be of importance for the development of this condition. Prompted by this hypothesis, we investigated the potential influence of variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the susceptibility for autism. To this end, 267 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 617 controls were genotyped for three polymorphisms in exon 1 of the AR gene: the CAG repeat, the GGN repeat and the rs6152 SNP. In addition, parents and affected siblings were genotyped for 118 and 32 of the cases, respectively. Case-control comparisons revealed higher prevalence of short CAG alleles as well as of the A allele of the rs6152 SNP in female cases than in controls, but revealed no significant differences with respect to the GGN repeat. Analysis of the 118 families using transmission disequilibrium test, on the other hand, suggested an association with the GGN polymorphism, the rare 20-repeat allele being undertransmitted to male cases and the 23-repeat allele being overtransmitted to female cases. Sequencing of the AR gene in 46 patients revealed no mutations or rare variants. The results lend some support for an influence of the studied polymorphisms on the susceptibility for autism, but argue against the possibility that mutations in the AR gene are common in subjects with this condition.
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21
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The relationship between abdominal fat, obesity, and common mental disorders: results from the HUNT study. J Psychosom Res 2009; 66:269-75. [PMID: 19302883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While recent studies have suggested an association between obesity and common mental disorders, findings across different studies have varied and the nature of any relationship remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and two different measures of obesity in a large community-based sample. METHODS The HUNT-2 study was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of 65,648 adults between 20 and 89 years of age. During a clinical examination, trained nurses took various anthropometric measurements allowing participants' body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) to be calculated. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were ascertained using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Information regarding physical activity, level of social support, and medical comorbidity was also obtained. RESULTS Elevated WHR was associated with increased prevalence of both anxiety and depression. After adjustment for BMI, physical activity, social isolation, and somatic diseases, WHR remained independently associated with depression in both males and females and with anxiety among males. Obesity, as defined by BMI, was associated with depression; however, this association was strongly attenuated by WHR. There was a negative association between BMI and anxiety in both genders. CONCLUSION Abdominal fat distribution (as measured by WHR) appears to be the key mediator in the relationship between obesity and depression. Increased BMI was not independently associated with depression and may provide some protection against anxiety. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that links obesity and depression via metabolic disturbances involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
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22
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Suchankova P, Henningsson S, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Ekman A. Genetic variability within the innate immune system influences personality traits in women. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:212-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Suchankova P, Henningsson S, Olsson M, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Eriksson E, Ekman A. Association between the AGTR1 polymorphism +1166A>C and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 152:28-32. [PMID: 19026696 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors have been shown to influence high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, however, which genes that are involved in this process remains to be clarified. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is of importance for the regulation of inflammation, and blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AGTR1) influences hsCRP levels. These findings prompted us to investigate whether a polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene may influence hsCRP levels. Additionally, a polymorphism in the CRP gene that has previously been shown to influence hsCRP levels was genotyped. Serum levels of hsCRP were measured in 270 42-year-old women recruited from the population registry. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed: +1166A>C and +1444C>T of the AGTR1 and CRP gene, respectively. The A allele of the AGTR1 polymorphism +1166A>C was dose-dependently associated with higher hsCRP levels (p=0.014, adjusted for confounding factors and multiple comparisons). hsCRP levels were not significantly influenced by the CRP +1444C>T genotype; however, an interaction between the two studied polymorphisms with respect to hsCRP levels was observed (p=0.018). The significant association between the AGTR1 polymorphism and hsCRP levels, which appears to be independent of anthropometric and metabolic traits, is yet another indication of a direct influence of RAS on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Henningsson S, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Landén M, Anckarsäter H, Ekman A. Association between serum levels of C-reactive protein and personality traits in women. Behav Brain Funct 2008; 4:16. [PMID: 18384670 PMCID: PMC2373782 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While low-grade inflammation has consistently been observed in subjects with depression, studies on the possible relationship between inflammation and other aspects of brain function are as yet sparse. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between serum levels of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and personality traits. METHODS In this study, serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP were determined by ELISA in a population of 270 42-year-old women recruited from the population registry who had been assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Self-reported previous or ongoing depression was also recorded. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used for comparison between two groups and correlations were evaluated by the calculation of Pearson's r-coefficient. RESULTS The temperament trait harm avoidance was positively (r = 0.227, p < 0.05) and the character trait self-directedness was negatively (r = -0.261, p < 0.01) associated with serum levels of CRP (p-values corrected for multiple comparisons). The correlations between the personality traits and CRP were observed also after exclusion of subjects reporting ongoing depression (n = 26). Whereas women reporting ongoing depression showed significantly increased levels of CRP as compared to non-depressed women (n = 155), women reporting a history of depression displayed no significant difference in CRP levels as compared to women that reported that they had never been depressed. CONCLUSION Serum levels of CRP in women was found to be associated with the personality traits harm avoidance and self-directedness. In addition, moderately elevated levels may be a state dependent marker of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Henningsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, P,O, Box 431, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Nickel MK, Loew TH, Bachler E. Change in mental symptoms in extreme obesity patients after gastric banding, Part II: Six-year follow up. Int J Psychiatry Med 2007; 37:69-79. [PMID: 17645199 DOI: 10.2190/x40r-712p-8j44-0l3h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apart from increased somatic morbidity, extreme obesity causes grave psychosocial and psychopathological problems. We examined a sample of 50 extremely adipose women (BMI < 40 kg/m2) from 2000 to 2003 to find out whether surgical reduction of stomach volume leads to lasting change in Body Mass Index (BMI), psychosocial symptoms, and health related quality of life. We found that positive changes in BMI reduction, psychosocial symptoms, and health related quality of life could be expected three years after gastric banding (Int. J Psychiatry Med 2005; 35:109-122). During the following three years, we continued to observe these patients to determine long-term effects. METHOD Fifty adipose women who had taken part in the first study from 2004 to 2006 were surveyed. Annual primary outcome measures were BMI, self-reported changes on the scales of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS At the 6-year mark, significant changes in BMI (p < 0.01), significantly increased employment (0.012) and the existence of a partnership (p < 0.01), plus significant changes on all three scales of the TFEQ (p < 0.01), on both scales of the HADS-D (anxiety: p < 0.05; depression: p < 0.011), and all scales of the SF-36 Health Survey (all p < 0.01) were observed. CONCLUSIONS The positive changes in BMI reduction, i.e., increased employment and subjects living in a partnership, improvement in eating behavior, reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improvement in health related quality of life were also confirmed as remaining stable over a 3-year observation period, i.e., for a total of six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nickel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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26
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Roos C, Lidfeldt J, Agardh CD, Nyberg P, Nerbrand C, Samsioe G, Westrin A. Insulin resistance and self-rated symptoms of depression in Swedish women with risk factors for diabetes: the Women's Health in the Lund Area study. Metabolism 2007; 56:825-9. [PMID: 17512316 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that depression increases the risk for diabetes and that this may be mediated through insulin resistance. The study aimed to analyze if self-rated symptoms of depression are related to insulin resistance among middle-aged and older Swedish women with features of the metabolic syndrome and being at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We analyzed data from 1047 Swedish women aged 50 to 64 years without a history of diabetes and living in the southern part of Sweden. A variable self-rated symptoms of depression (SRSD) was defined by using the Gothenburg Quality of Life instrument. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) to determine whether or not SRSD was associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The variable SRSD was not associated with insulin resistance. However, it was positively associated with waist-hip ratio (OR, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.00) and negatively associated with physical exercise (OR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.68) after multivariate adjustment. In conclusion, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and abdominal obesity, but not insulin resistance, seem to be related to self-rated symptoms of depression in women with risk factors for diabetes mellitus. The relationship between insulin resistance and major depression needs to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Roos
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Psychiatry, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Daniel M, Moore DS, Decker S, Belton L, DeVellis B, Doolen A, Campbell MK. Associations among education, cortisol rhythm, and BMI in blue-collar women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:327-35. [PMID: 16571860 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to test whether a biological measure of chronic stress, Delta cortisol, was related to BMI and whether the relationship between Delta cortisol and BMI varied according to education and positive affect. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES One hundred fifty-four women from a blue-collar women's health project in 11 industrial sites in rural North Carolina provided saliva for cortisol assays for a substudy on "stress." Delta Cortisol, the difference between awakening and midday cortisol measures representing diurnal decline, was calculated (lower values = greater stress). BMI was regressed on Delta cortisol, education, and positive affect. Analyses were controlled for age, race, and worksite. Standardized beta-coefficients were calculated. RESULTS For participants with complete data (n = 129), BMI was greater (beta; 95% confidence interval) for women with less than high school education (0.56; 0.18, 0.94) and those who completed high school (0.26; -0.05, 0.57) relative to women with greater than a high school education (p = 0.009). Delta Cortisol was inversely related to BMI (-0.32; -0.59, -0.05; p = 0.022). Education positively modified the inverse relationship between Delta cortisol and BMI (p = 0.047). Positive affect was negatively associated with BMI (-0.44; -0.82, -0.06; p = 0.026) and positively modified the inverse association between Delta cortisol and BMI (0.33; -0.03, 0.69; p = 0.074). DISCUSSION Education and Delta cortisol were inversely related to BMI, and the magnitude of the association between Delta cortisol and BMI was buffered by higher education. Positive affect was inversely related to BMI. Chronic stress is associated with higher BMI, with this relation attenuated by higher education and, possibly, a positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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29
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Nickel C, Widermann C, Harms D, Leiberich PL, Tritt K, Kettler C, Lahmann C, Rother WK, Loew TH, Nickel MK. Patients with extreme obesity: change in mental symptoms three years after gastric banding. Int J Psychiatry Med 2006; 35:109-22. [PMID: 16240969 DOI: 10.2190/anyr-we1m-39g5-k92d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extreme obesity causes grave psychosocial and psychopathological problems in addition to somatic morbidity. One possible treatment is gastric banding, a surgical reduction of stomach volume. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gastric banding leads to lasting change in: 1) the Body Mass Index (BMI); 2) social factors such as work and partnerships, eating behavior, anxiety and depression symptoms; and 3) health related quality of life. METHOD We surveyed a sample of 50 adipose women (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Primary outcome measures were self-reported changes on the scales of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and the Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS In comparison with the control group, we observed significant changes in BMI (p < 0.01) and the existence of a partnership (p < 0.01), on all three scales of the TFEQ (p < 0.01), on both scales of the HADS-D (anxiety: p < 0.05; depression:p < 0.01), and on all scales of the SF-36 Health Survey (p between < 0.05 and < 0.01 in every case). The most marked changes in all the qualities investigated occurred within the first 12 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS Three years after gastric banding, positive changes in BMI reduction, partnership, eating behavior, anxiety, depressive symptomatology, and health related quality of life could be observed. There was also a significant correlation between BMI reduction and reduction firstly on the depression scale (HADS-D) and secondly on the SF-36 scales for physical functioning (PHFU), role physical (ROPH), mental health (PSYC), and vitality (VITA).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nickel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, Germany
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Is A Weight-Centred Health Framework Salutogenic? Some Thoughts on Unhinging Certain Dietary Ideologies. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2005. [DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Eskandari F, Mistry S, Martinez PE, Torvik S, Kotila C, Sebring N, Drinkard BE, Levy C, Reynolds JC, Csako G, Gold PW, Horne M, Cizza G. Younger, premenopausal women with major depressive disorder have more abdominal fat and increased serum levels of prothrombotic factors: implications for greater cardiovascular risk. Metabolism 2005; 54:918-24. [PMID: 15988701 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the adult population. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We measured body fat distribution as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration and factor VIII (fVIII) activity at 8:00 am and 8:00 pm in 45 premenopausal women with MDD vs 28 healthy controls (age, 37 +/- 6.8 vs 35 +/- 6.5; weight [kg], 75.3 +/- 17.2 vs 67.9 +/- 10.2; mean +/- SD] participating in a prospective study of bone turnover, the POWER Study. At the time of evaluation, women with MDD were mildly depressed and mostly in clinical remission on antidepressants. After adjusting for body weight, women with MDD had greater waist circumference and abdominal fat as well as significantly higher evening (8:00 pm) PAI-1 and fVIII levels than controls. Even when age-, race-, and body mass index-matched subsets were compared, the MDD group continued to exhibit statistically higher PAI-1 and fVIII levels. The observed alterations in body fat distribution (increased abdominal fat) and prothrombotic factors (increased PAI-1 and fVIII) may be in part responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease reported in association with major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Eskandari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Damberg M, Westberg L, Berggård C, Landen M, Sundblad C, Eriksson O, Naessén T, Ekman A, Eriksson E. Investigation of transcription factor AP-2 beta genotype in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Neurosci Lett 2004; 377:49-52. [PMID: 15722186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has repeatedly been shown that the serotonergic system is involved in the symptomatology of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Women with PMDD are reported to differ from symptom-free controls with regard to serotonin-related biological markers. Evidence from family and twin studies suggests a genetic contribution to the aetiology of PMDD. The expression of human transcription factor AP-2beta in neural crest cell lineages and neuroectodermal cells suggests that this protein may be of importance for functional characteristics of neurons by regulating the expression of target genes. Within the monoaminergic systems, several genes have binding sites for AP-2beta in regulatory regions, suggesting an involvement of AP-2beta in these systems. The gene encoding AP-2beta is located on chromosome 6p12-p21.1 and includes a polymorphic region consisting of a variable number of [CAAA] repeats located in the second intron. We have earlier shown that AP-2beta genotype is associated with serotonergic phenotypes and that brainstem levels of AP-2beta correlate positively to serotonin metabolism in rat frontal cortex. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PMDD and transcription factor AP-2beta genotype. The participants included 176 women with PMDD and 91 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reactions. We did not observe any differences in AP-2beta genotype frequencies between PMDD subjects and controls. Our results suggest that AP-2beta genotype is not a risk factor for PMDD. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating transcription factor AP-2beta genotype in women with PMDD. Hence, these results should be considered preliminary until replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Damberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ho HP, Westberg L, Annerbrink K, Olsson M, Melke J, Nilsson S, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Björntorp P, Andersch S, Allgulander C, Eriksson E. Association between a functional polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene and panic disorder in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29:1138-41. [PMID: 15219637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although genetic factors are known to be important risk factors for panic disorder there is as yet no conclusive data regarding specific gene variants. Prompted by evidence supporting progesterone to influence the pathophysiology of panic disorder, polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (G331A) and an insertion/deletion polymorphism (PROGINS) were investigated in 72 patients with panic disorder and 452 controls. The frequency of the A-allele of the G331A polymorphism was higher in panic disorder patients than in controls (p = 0.01). When male and female patients were analyzed separately, the association was observed in female patients only (p = 0.0009), with an odds ratio of 3.5. No differences between groups were observed for the PROGINS polymorphism. In conclusion, these data suggest that the G331A polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene may influence the risk for panic disorder in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Por Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, P.O.B. 431, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Landén M, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Björntorp P, Eriksson E. Dyslipidemia and high waist-hip ratio in women with self-reported social anxiety. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29:1037-46. [PMID: 15219655 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Revised: 10/09/2003] [Accepted: 10/20/2003] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that phobic anxiety is associated with coronary heart disease. In this study, the possible association between social anxiety and various anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrine measurements known to be associated with cardiovascular disease were studied in a population-based cohort of 216 women 41-42 years old. Each participant was assessed by means of a DSM-IV based self-report questionnaire regarding social anxiety and related psychiatric diagnoses. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and serum levels of lipids and hormones were assessed. The prevalence of social anxiety was 14% (n=31). The social anxiety group displayed higher serum levels of triglycerides (1.3+/-0.9 vs. 1.0+/-0.5, P=0.003) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (3.3+/-0.8 vs. 3.0+/-0.7, P=0.03), but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1.4+/-0.3 vs. 1.6+/-0.4, P=0.04) and HDL/LDL ratio (0.46+/-0.15 vs. 0.57+/-0.22, P=0.008) than the other women. Serum levels of total testosterone (1.6+/-0.8 vs. 2.2+/-1.1, P=0.013) and free thyroxin (14+/-2 vs. 16+/-4, P=0.04) were lower in subjects confirming social anxiety. While WHR was significantly higher in the social anxiety group (0.83+/-0.06 vs. 0.80+/-0.07, P=0.016), BMI did not differ between the groups. Our data suggest that self-reported social anxiety is associated with two established risk factors for cardiovascular disease: dyslipidemia and increased WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, SE 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
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35
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Westberg L, Ho HP, Baghaei F, Nilsson S, Melke J, Rosmond R, Holm G, Björntorp P, Eriksson E. Polymorphisms in oestrogen and progesterone receptor genes: possible influence on prolactin levels in women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004; 61:216-23. [PMID: 15272917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oestrogen and progesterone are known to influence the release of human prolactin. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the possible influence of polymorphisms of the genes encoding the oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ERbeta and the progesterone receptor (PGR), on prolactin levels in premenopausal women. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS Serum levels of prolactin were measured in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Subjects were genotyped with respect to a TA repeat polymorphism of the ERalpha gene, a CA repeat polymorphism of the ERbeta gene, and two polymorphisms of the PGR gene: one insertion polymorphism (PROGINS) and one single nucleotide polymorphism (G331A). SUBJECTS A population-based cohort of 270 42-year-old women. RESULTS The CA repeat polymorphism of the ERbeta gene and the G331A polymorphism of the PGR gene appeared to be associated with prolactin levels. In contrast, we found no evidence for an influence of the PROGINS polymorphism of the PGR gene or the TA repeat polymorphism of the ERalpha gene on the levels of this hormone. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that genetic variants of both the ERbeta and the PGR may influence prolactin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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36
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Olsson M, Annerbrink K, Westberg L, Melke J, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Andersch S, Allgulander C, Eriksson E. Angiotensin-related genes in patients with panic disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 127B:81-4. [PMID: 15108186 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced respiratory variability and decreased heart rate variability have repeatedly been observed in patients with panic disorder. Prompted by the notion that angiotensin may be involved in the control of respiration, heart rate variability, and anxiety-like behavior, we investigated the putative association between polymorphisms in three angiotensin-related genes and panic disorder-angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor type 1 (ATr1) in 72 patients with panic disorder and 504 controls. Allele and genotype distribution of the ATr1 A1166C allele and the AGT M235T did not differ between patients and controls. With respect to the ACE I/D polymorphism, the I allele was found to be more frequent in male (chi(2) = 8.042, df = 1, P = 0.005), but not female, panic disorder patients than in controls. The results of this investigation provide preliminary evidence for the suggestion that angiotensin-related genes may be associated with panic disorder in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Olsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Niaura RS, Stroud LR, Todaro J, Ward KD, Spiro A, Aldwin C, Landsberg L, Weiss ST. Associations between repression, general maladjustment, body weight, and body shape in older males: The normative aging study. Int J Behav Med 2003; 10:221-38. [PMID: 14525718 DOI: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1003_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined relationships between repression, general maladjustment, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The participants were 1,081 healthy older men from the Normative Aging Study. Repression and General Maladjustment Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were composite measures of personality. Repression was associated with lower BMI and WHR, and maladjustment with higher BMI and WHR. However, associations between WHR and personality dimensions were no longer significant when controlling for BMI, but associations between BMI and personality dimensions remained significant when controlling for WHR. These effects were explained by differing relationships between WHR, repression, and maladjustment for normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Specifically, associations between repression, maladjustment, and body shape were significant for normal weight and overweight individuals, but not for obese individuals. Health behaviors including smoking did not mediate relationships between repression, maladjustment, and body shape, but might be considered in future studies as mechanisms underlying links between personality and body shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Niaura
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Melke J, Westberg L, Landén M, Sundblad C, Eriksson O, Baghei F, Rosmond R, Eriksson E, Ekman A. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and platelet [3H] paroxetine binding in premenstrual dysphoria. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28:446-58. [PMID: 12573307 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if women with premenstrual dysphoria differ from controls with respect to the number of platelet serotonin transporters, and with respect to three polymorphisms in the gene coding for the serotonin transporter: a 44 base pair insertion/deletion in the promoter region, a variable number of tandem repeats in the second intron, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region. Also, the possible relationship between the three polymorphisms and platelet serotonin transporter density was analyzed. The density of platelet [(3)H]paroxetine binding sites was significantly lower in women with premenstrual dysphoria than in controls, but patients and controls did not differ with respect to allele or genotype frequency for any of the three polymorphisms examined. A significant association between the number of platelet serotonin transporters and the promoter polymorphism was observed, subjects being homozygous for the short (deletion) variant having higher platelet serotonin transporter density than subjects carrying the long (insertion) allele. The results support the assumption that serotonin-related psychiatric disorders-such as premenstrual dysphoria-may be associated with a reduction in platelet [(3)H]paroxetine binding, but argue against the notion that this reduction is due to certain variants of the serotonin transporter gene being more common in patients than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melke
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Westberg L, Melke J, Landén M, Nilsson S, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Jansson M, Holm G, Björntorp P, Eriksson E. Association between a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the estrogen receptor alpha gene and personality traits in women. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:118-22. [PMID: 12556917 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are known to play a key role in the regulation of various aspects of behavior. In order to study the potential contribution of genetic variation in the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha to specific personality traits, we investigated a repeat polymorphism in the ER alpha gene in 172 42-year-old women who had been assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Based on the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the length of a repeat polymorphism and gene function,(1) the alleles were divided into two groups: short and long. In order to elucidate the possible influence of the ER alpha gene on the different aspects of personality measured by means of the KSP, the possible association between this gene and four different factors ('neuroticism', 'psychoticism', 'non-conformity', and 'extraversion') was analysed. 'Neuroticism', 'psychoticism', and 'non-conformity' all appeared to be associated with the ER alpha gene. After correction for multiple comparisons by means of permutation analysis, the associations with the factor 'non-conformity'--including the subscales 'indirect aggression' and 'irritability'--and the factor 'psychoticism'--including the subscale 'suspicion'--remained significant. The results suggest that the studied dinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the ER alpha gene may contribute to specific components of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Ahlberg AC, Ljung T, Rosmond R, McEwen B, Holm G, Akesson HO, Björntorp P. Depression and anxiety symptoms in relation to anthropometry and metabolism in men. Psychiatry Res 2002; 112:101-10. [PMID: 12429356 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abdominal obesity is also a high risk factor for these diseases. Therefore, symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined in relation to abdominal obesity. A total of 59 middle-aged men volunteered for measurements with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). These results were examined in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and sagittal abdominal diameter, a measurement of intra-abdominal fat mass, and metabolic variables. Men with WHR>1.0 (n=26) in comparison with men with normal WHR (<1.0, n=33) showed significantly higher sum scores in all the scales used. There were positive correlations between the sum scores of all the depression scales and the WHR or the sagittal abdominal diameter. BMI correlated comparatively weakly only with the HDS. The correlations with the WHR remained when the influence of BMI was eliminated, suggesting that obesity is less involved than centralization of body fat. Insulin and glucose were significantly related to the HDS. Morning cortisol levels were negatively related to the BDI and (borderline) to the MADRS, suggesting perturbations of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We conclude that men with abdominal obesity have symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Charlotte Ahlberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
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Rosmond R, Bouchard C, Björntorp P. 5-HT2A receptor gene promoter polymorphism in relation to abdominal obesity and cortisol. OBESITY RESEARCH 2002; 10:585-9. [PMID: 12105278 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2002.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is considerable evidence that cortisol secretion is associated with obesity. The regulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) gene might play an essential role because it is involved in the control of cortisol secretion. Therefore, we examined the potential impact of the 5-HT2A -1438G/A promoter polymorphism on obesity and estimates of insulin, glucose, and lipid metabolism as well as circulating hormones, including salivary cortisol, in 284 unrelated Swedish men born in 1944. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES The subjects were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the promoter region of the gene for 5-HT2A followed by digestion of the reaction product with the restriction enzyme MspI. RESULTS The frequencies were 0.39 for allele -1438A and 0.61 for allele -1438G. Homozygotes for the -1438G allele had, in comparison with -1438A/A subjects, higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal sagittal diameter. Moreover, cortisol escape from 0.25-mg dexamethasone suppression was found in subjects with the -1438A/G genotype. Serum leptin, fasting insulin, and glucose, as well as serum lipids, were not different across the -1438G/A genotype groups. DISCUSSION From these results, we suggest the possibility that an abnormal production rate of the 5-HT2A gene product might lead to the development of abdominal obesity. The pathophysiology could involve stress factors that destabilize the serotonin-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in those with genetic vulnerability in the serotonin receptor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Rosmond
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Cota D, Vicennati V, Ceroni L, Morselli-Labate AM, Pasquali R. Relationship between socio-economic and cultural status, psychological factors and body fat distribution in middle-aged women living in Northern Italy. Eat Weight Disord 2001; 6:205-13. [PMID: 11808816 DOI: 10.1007/bf03339744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the relationships between body fat distribution and socioeconomic and psychological factors in a cohort of 426 healthy middle-aged women living in Virgilio, Mantua (Northern Italy). The information concerning their occupational, social and psychological conditions and smoking habits were obtained by means of questionnaires. Psychological factors were investigated using the Italian version of the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and the Symptom Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and clinical/hormonal menopausal status were also collected for each subject. The women reported significantly higher or lower psychological factor scores (symptoms of conversion: p=0.005; perception of disease: p=-0.018; denial: p=0.021; hostility: p=0.57; and laxity: p=0.047) as their WHR increased, thus indicating some concern about their health. In a multiple regression model, their WHR and waist circumference (W) significantly correlated with symptoms of conversion (p=0.005 and p=0.029), and W was also significantly related to the perception of disease (p=0.043). There was a significant inverse correlation between the WHR and educational level (p<0.001). The prevalence of partners who were entrepreneurs or self-employed also decreased as WHR increased (p<0.001). Furthermore, the number of women living in the centre of town significantly diminished, whereas those living in the suburbs or in the country significantly increased (p=0.005). However, using age, BMI and menopausal status as covariates, only the partner's work significantly and negatively correlated with the WHR (p=0.029). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that psychological and socio-economic handicaps are associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal fatness in middle-aged women living in Northern Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cota
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
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Ljung T, Ahlberg AC, Holm G, Friberg P, Andersson B, Eriksson E, Björntorp P. Treatment of abdominally obese men with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a pilot study. J Intern Med 2001; 250:219-24. [PMID: 11555126 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system perturbations found in abdominal obesity. DESIGN Treatment for 6 months with citalopram and for 6 months with placebo using a double-blind, cross-over design, with a 2-month wash-out period between treatment periods. SUBJECTS Sixteen healthy men, 45-60 years, moderately obese and with an abdominal fat distribution. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometry, three different depression rating scales, serum lipids, testosterone, IGF-I, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pituitary stimulation with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), arithmetic stress test, and excretion of cortisol and metoxycatecholamines in urine, collected during 24 h. RESULTS Cortisol concentrations in the morning were low before treatment, indicating a perturbed function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. After treatment with citalopram morning cortisol concentrations rose to normal. Cortisol concentrations after stimulation with CRH or stress were elevated by citalopram treatment, but urinary cortisol excretion was unchanged. The glucose concentrations after OGTT (120 min) tended to be reduced, with unchanged insulin concentrations, whilst other metabolic values did not change during treatment. Heart rate after administration of CRH, and during laboratory stress test, decreased by treatment with citalopram. Diurnal urinary excretion of metoxycatecholamines tended to decrease. Neither body mass index nor waist/hip circumference ratio decreased. Depression scores were within normal limits before treatment and did not change. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study indicate improvements in the regulation of neuroendocrine-autonomic systems as well as metabolism in abdominal obesity during treatment with an SSRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ljung
- Department of Heart and Lung Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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45
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Goldstone AP, Thomas EL, Brynes AE, Bell JD, Frost G, Saeed N, Hajnal JV, Howard JK, Holland A, Bloom SR. Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:4330-8. [PMID: 11549670 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.9.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral obesity is detrimental to health, but the mechanisms controlling body fat distribution are not fully understood. In premenopausal adult females (30 nonobese, 14 obese [body mass index >30 kg/m(2)]), variance in fasting insulin, glucose, insulin/glucose ratio, C-peptide/insulin ratio, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, were independently influenced by visceral but not total sc or abdominal sc adipose tissue, as measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Adult females with Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 13) had significantly reduced visceral adiposity, compared with obese controls (visceral/total sc adipose tissue ratio: 0.067 +/- 0.017 vs. 0.108 +/- 0.021), independent of their total adiposity (P < 0.001), or use of exogenous sex steroids. This is in contrast to that expected by their physical inactivity, hypogonadism, adult GH deficiency, and psychiatric problems. Females with Prader-Willi syndrome not receiving sex steroids (n = 8) had significantly reduced fasting insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, and triglycerides and increased C-peptide/insulin ratio, compared with obese controls, adjusting for total (P < 0.05) but not visceral adiposity (P = 0.3-0.6), supporting their association. The cause of the reduced visceral adiposity in Prader-Willi syndrome may reflect novel hormonal, hypothalamic, and/or genetic influences on body fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Goldstone
- Endocrine Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom.
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46
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Melke J, Landén M, Baghei F, Rosmond R, Holm G, Björntorp P, Westberg L, Hellstrand M, Eriksson E. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with anxiety-related personality traits in women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 105:458-63. [PMID: 11449399 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported an association between anxiety-related personality traits and a promoter polymorphism in the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region, 5-HTTLPR). In the present study, a population of 251 subjects was assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and genotyped both for the 5-HTTLPR and for a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the second intron of the same gene. The interpretation of previous studies has to some extent been confounded by the studied subjects differing with respect to ethnicity, sex, and age. To circumvent this problem, all included subjects were Caucasians, women, and born in the same year (1956). Associations were found between the 5-HTTLPR and four of the five anxiety-related KSP scales (psychic anxiety, muscular tension, psychasthenia, and lack of assertiveness), subjects being homozygous for the short allele displaying higher anxiety scores than those of the long/long or long/short genotype. In addition, an association was found between the intron 2 polymorphism and one anxiety-related personality trait (somatic anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melke
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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47
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Abstract
Striking similarities exist in the endocrinology of Cushing's disease and melancholic depression.Laboratory abnormalities, which have been found in both, include raised urinary,plasma and salivary cortisol, non-suppression of cortisol in the dexamethasone suppression test and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) hypersecretion. The hypercortisolism can be so severe in melancholic depression that it is difficult to distinguish from Cushing's disease and has been described as a "pseudo-Cushing's" state. Cerebrospinal fluid corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels have been found to be lower in patients with Cushing's disease than in depressed subjects. Dynamic endocrine tests may help to distinguish between the two disorders.An exaggerated response to synacthen has been found in both but a reduced ACTH response to CRH occurs in depression, unlike those with Cushing's disease who show ACTH hyper-responsiveness. Other tests, which may help to distinguish between the two disorders,include the dexamethasone-CRH test, the naloxone test, the insulin-induced hypoglycemia test and the desmopressin stimulation test. Similarities in psychiatric symptoms have been recognised for many years. More recently, the physical complications of melancholic depression have been noted. These include osteoporosis, an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, hypertension, a redistribution of fat to intra abdominal sites and insulin resistance. Cushing's disease shares these physical complications and we propose that the common underlying factor is excessive plasma glucocorticoids. The increasing recognition of the physical complications and the increased morbidity and mortality in those who suffer from depression underscores the necessity for early detection and treatment of this illness and screening for undetected physical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Condren
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Richmond Rd., Fairview, Dublin 3, Ireland.
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48
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Westberg L, Baghaei F, Rosmond R, Hellstrand M, Landén M, Jansson M, Holm G, Björntorp P, Eriksson E. Polymorphisms of the androgen receptor gene and the estrogen receptor beta gene are associated with androgen levels in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2562-8. [PMID: 11397855 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.6.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the possible role of genetic variation in androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), and ER beta on serum androgen levels in premenopausal women, the CAG repeat polymorphism of the AR gene, the TA repeat polymorphism of the ER alpha gene, and the CA repeat polymorphism of the ER beta gene were studied in a population-based cohort of 270 women. Total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide, 17 beta-estradiol, LH, FSH, and sex steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum samples obtained in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Women with relatively few CAG repeats in the AR gene, resulting in higher transcriptional activity of the receptor, displayed higher levels of serum androgens, but lower levels of LH, than women with longer CAG repeat sequences. The CA repeat of the ER beta gene also was associated with androgen and SHBG levels; women with relatively short repeat regions hence displayed higher hormone levels and lower SHBG levels than those with many CA repeats. In contrast, the TA repeat of the ER alpha gene was not associated with the levels of any of the hormones measured. Our results suggest that the serum levels of androgens in premenopausal women may be influenced by variants of the AR gene and the ER beta gene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Goteborg University, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden.
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49
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Abstract
Measurements of obesity [body mass index (BMI)] and body fat distribution [waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] were analyzed in 284 51-year-old men in relation to items about social, mental, and physical well-being from the Göteborg Quality of Life Instrument. Overweight participants (BMI > or = 25) reported a better home-family situation, appetite, and self-esteem, but decreased physical fitness and more pain in the legs compared with their leaner counterparts. Men with abdominal obesity (WHR > or = 1.0) experienced impaired health and physical fitness and lower self-esteem compared with those with WHR < 1.0. The abdominally obese participants were more often exhausted and experienced depressive symptoms. Abdominal pain was more frequent among those with WHR > or = 1.0. Overweight and abdominal obesity seem differently associated with social, mental, and physical well-being in men. Impaired quality of life may be causally related to the development of abdominal obesity; the mechanism involved might be increased cortisol secretion, which can redistribute body fat to central adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosmond
- Department of Heart and Lung Diseases, University of Göteborg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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50
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Rosmond R, Baghei F, Holm G, Björntorp P. Relationships between personality disorders and anthropometry, hormones and metabolism in women. J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24:159-65. [PMID: 11314744 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the potential influence of personality disorders (PD) on anthropometry, hormones and metabolism in women. In a population sample of women born in 1956 (no.=270), estimates of PD:s by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Axis II, were correlated with anthropometric, endocrine, and metabolic factors. The PD:s were grouped into three thematic clusters: cluster A (characterized by oddness or eccentricity), cluster B (characterized by self-centeredness, emotionality, and erratic behavior) and cluster C (characterized by anxiety and fear). Subjects with cluster A PD:s had significantly increased body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and abdominal sagittal diameter (cm) as well as lower salivary cortisol after dexamethasone (DEX) compared to controls. Subjects with cluster B also had a significantly higher abdominal sagittal diameter and significantly lower salivary cortisol levels after DEX than controls. In addition, subjects with cluster B PD:s had decreased levels of ACTH, and significantly higher concentrations of lactate and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower compared to controls. A significantly higher waist/hip ratio was seen among subjects with cluster C PD:s. In addition, these subjects had higher levels of insulin, glucose, lactate, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol than controls. Moreover, IGF-I and HDL cholesterol were significantly decreased in the former group. These results suggest that PD:s are involved in the development of obesity and abdominal fat accumulation in women, with different endocrine and metabolic profiles depending on the type of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosmond
- Department of Heart and Lung Diseases, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
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