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Bagon BB, Lee J, Matienzo ME, Lee SJ, Pak SW, Kim K, Lee J, Lee CM, Shin IS, Moon C, Park MJ, Kim DI. Cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis is impaired by exposure of Asian sand dust in mice. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103675. [PMID: 37517326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Desertification and desert sandstorms caused by the worsening global warming pose increasing risks to human health. In particular, Asian sand dust (ASD) exposure has been related to an increase in mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASD on metabolic tissues in comparison to diesel particulate matter (DPM) that is known to cause adverse health effects. We found that larger lipid droplets were accumulated in the brown adipose tissues (BAT) of ASD-administered but not DPM-administered mice. Thermogenic gene expression was decreased in these mice as well. When ASD-administered mice were exposed to the cold, they failed to maintain their body temperature, suggesting that the ASD administration had led to impairments in cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis. However, impaired thermogenesis was not observed in DPM-administered mice. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet that were chronically administered ASD demonstrated unexplained weight loss, indicating that chronic administration of ASD could be lethal in obese mice. We further identified that ASD-induced lung inflammation was not exacerbated in uncoupling protein 1 knockout mice, whose thermogenic capacity is impaired. Collectively, ASD exposure can impair cold-induced adaptive thermogenic responses in mice and increase the risk of mortality in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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2
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Mechin V, Pageat P, Boutry M, Teruel E, Portalier C, Asproni P. Does the Environmental Air Impact the Condition of the Vomeronasal Organ? A Mouse Model for Intensive Farming. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1902. [PMID: 37370413 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication in mammals is ensured by exchanging chemical signals through the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and its ability to detect pheromones. The alteration of this organ has been proven to impact animal life, participating in the onset of aggressive behaviors in social groups. To date, few studies have highlighted the possible causes leading to these alterations, and the farming environment has not been investigated, even though irritant substances such as ammonia are known to induce serious damage in the respiratory tract. The goal of this study was to investigate the environmental impact on the VNO structure. Thirty mice were split into three groups, one housed in normal laboratory conditions and the other two in confined environments, with or without the release of litter ammonia. VNOs were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the effect of different environments on their condition. Both restricted conditions induced VNO alterations (p = 0.0311), soft-tissue alteration (p = 0.0480), and nonsensory epithelium inflammation (p = 0.0024). There was glycogen accumulation (p < 0.0001), the olfactory marker protein was underexpressed (p < 0.0001), and Gαi2 positivity remained unchanged while Gαo expression was upregulated in confined conditions. VNO conditions seemed to worsen with ammonia, even if not always significantly. These murine model results suggest that the housing environment can strongly impact VNO conditions, providing novel insights for improving indoor farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Mechin
- Tissular Biology and Chemical Communication Department, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Research and Education Board, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemisrty and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Marion Boutry
- Tissular Biology and Chemical Communication Department, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Eva Teruel
- Statistics and Data Management Service, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemisrty and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Céline Portalier
- Animal Experimentation Department, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Pietro Asproni
- Tissular Biology and Chemical Communication Department, IRSEA, Institute of Research in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology, 84400 Apt, France
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Bredeck G, Busch M, Rossi A, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. Inhalable Saharan dust induces oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107732. [PMID: 36680803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Desert dust is increasingly recognized as a major air pollutant affecting respiratory health. Since desert dust exposure cannot be regulated, the hazardousness of its components must be understood to enable health risk mitigation strategies. Saharan dust (SD) comprises about half of the global desert dust and contains quartz, a toxic mineral dust that is known to cause severe lung diseases via oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin-1β pathway. We aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of SD responsible for toxic effects. Also, we studied the oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential of SD in alveolar epithelial cells and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage-like cells in comparison to quartz dusts and synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Characterization revealed that SD contained Fe, Al, trace metals, sulfate, diatomaceous earth, and endotoxin and had the capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals. We exposed A549 lung epithelial cells and wild-type and NLRP3-/- THP-1 macrophage-like cells to SD, three well-investigated quartz dusts, and SAS. SD induced oxidative stress in A549 cells after 24 h more potently than the quartz dusts. The quartz dusts and SAS upregulated interleukin 8 expression after 4 h and 24 h while SD only caused a transient upregulation. SD, the quartz dusts, and SAS induced interleukin-1β release from wild-type THP-1 cells>20-fold stronger than from NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells. Interleukin-1β release was lower for SD, in which microbial components including endotoxin were heat-destructed. In conclusion, microbial components in SD are pivotal for its toxicity. In the epithelium, the effects of SD contrasted with crystalline and amorphous silica in terms of potency and persistence. In macrophages, the strong involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome emphasizes the acute and chronic health risks associated with desert dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Yuan Q, Zhang H. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5) from biomass combustion using bioinformatics analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:51. [PMID: 37722877 PMCID: PMC10519835 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from burning domestic substances has been linked to an increased risk of lung disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study is to explore the hub genes and pathways involved in PM2.5 toxicity in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. METHODS The GSE158954 dataset is downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package in RStudio (version 4.2.1). In addition, DEGs analysis was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, MCODE plug-in and the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software was used to identify the hub genes. Finally, CytoHubba and DEGs were used to integrate the hub genes, and preliminary validation was performed by comparing the toxicology genomics database (CTD). Differential immune cell infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A total of 135 DEGs were identified, of which 57 were up-regulated and 78 were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analyses in the GO and KEGG indicated the potential involvement of DEGs was mainly enriched in the regulation of endopeptidase activity and influenza A. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that Chemical Carcinogenesis - DNA adducts were remarkably enriched in PM2.5 groups. 53 nodes and 198 edges composed the PPI network. Besides, 5 direct-acting genes were filtered at the intersection of cytohubba plug-in, MCODE plug-in and CTD database. There is a decreasing trend of dendritic cells resting after BEAS-2B cells long-term exposure to PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
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Tohidi R, Farahani VJ, Sioutas C. Real-time measurements of mineral dust concentration in coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) by employing a novel optical-based technique in Los Angeles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156215. [PMID: 35623535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a primary component of coarse particulate matter (PM), ambient mineral dust has been linked to adverse health effects. Los Angeles, the largest metropolitan urban area of the United States, is impacted by both windblown and localized sources of mineral dust, often internally mixed with black carbon. The estimation of mineral dust concentrations with a high time resolution becomes critical in improving our understanding of its sources and temporal trends. Using Aethalometers combined with a high-volume virtual impactor (VI) to enrich coarse (2.5 <dp < 10 μm) particles, the light absorption and mass concentration of mineral dust were estimated in real-time during summer, fall, and winter over 2020-2021. The concentration-enriched coarse PM was collected on Teflon filters, and its chemical composition in terms of trace elements and metals was chemically quantified. The high time-resolution measurements enabled us to calculate the absorption coefficient of enriched dust particles by subtracting the light absorption of the post-VI coarse PM from that of the PM2.5 aerosol fraction to reduce the impact of stronger light absorbers in ambient PM. Mineral dust was more prevalent during the fall and winter campaigns (i.e., 19.3 and 11.4 μg/m3, respectively), lower concentrations were observed during the summer campaign (i.e., 8.50 μg/m3). The calculated absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) was 2.18, highlighting the presence of dust particles during the sampling period. The dust mass absorption coefficient was estimated to be 2.7 ± 1.6 Mm-1 at 370 nm and 0.41 ± 0.16 Mm-1 at 880 nm wavelengths, respectively. The validation of the proposed approach was investigated by comparing the evaluated mineral dust mass concentrations in this study with the reported coarse PM concentrations by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The results reported by the optical-based approach with high temporal resolution can provide crucial information on identifying sources of mineral dust in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Characterizing a Heavy Dust Storm Event in 2021: Transport, Optical Properties and Impact, Using Multi-Sensor Data Observed in Jinan, China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14153593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On 15 March 2021, the strongest sandstorm of the last 10 years occurred in China. The MODIS, MPL lidar, EDM 180, ADI 2080 and Meteorological observation instruments were used to observe the dust in Jinan, China, while the HYSPLIT model was also employed to find the source. It was found that the dust originated from Mongolia and the Gobi desert and was transported to Jinan at night on 14th March, lasting until the 18th. Multi-layer dust was observed, of which the dust below the height of 1 km was strongest with the VDR about 0.2 and the maximum extinction coefficient up to 3 km−1. The values of AOD and AE were greater than 2 and less than 0.25, respectively. The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 increased rapidly, and were up to 573 µg/m3 and 3406 µg/m3, respectively. Additionally, the mass concentration ratio decreased rapidly, with a minimum of 17%. The particle size of the dust was mainly distributed between 0.58–6.50 micros due to larger particles increasing dramatically; simultaneously, both the proportion and the value for calcium ions in PM2.5 went up. The dust had an obvious impact on the vertical structure of the air temperature, resulting in occurrence of a strong inversion layer.
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Asian Sand Dust Particles Enhance the Development of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm on Nasal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063030. [PMID: 35328451 PMCID: PMC8955751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and Aspergillus fumigatus are known risk factors for airway mucosal inflammatory diseases. Bacterial and fungal biofilms commonly coexist in chronic rhinosinusitis and fungus balls. We evaluated the effects of ASD on the development of A. fumigatus biofilm formation on nasal epithelial cells. Methods: Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatus conidia with or without ASD for 72 h. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from nasal epithelial cells was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of ASD on A. fumigatus biofilm formation were determined using crystal violet, concanavalin A, safranin staining, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Results: ASD and A. fumigatus significantly enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 from nasal epithelial cells. By coculturing A. fumigatus with ASD, the dry weight and safranin staining of the fungal biofilms significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. However, the increased level of crystal violet and concanavalin A stain decreased after 72 h of incubation. Conclusions: ASD and A. fumigatus induced the production of inflammatory chemical mediators from nasal epithelial cells. The exposure of A. fumigatus to ASD enhanced the formation of biofilms. The coexistence of ASD and A. fumigatus may increase the development of fungal biofilms and fungal inflammatory diseases in the sinonasal mucosa.
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Kim HJ, Song JY, Park TI, Choi WS, Kim JH, Kwon OS, Lee JY. The effects of BRL-50481 on ovalbumin-induced asthmatic lung inflammation exacerbated by co-exposure to Asian sand dust in the murine model. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:51-62. [PMID: 34984603 PMCID: PMC8726530 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asian sand dust (ASD), which mainly originates in China and Mongolia in the spring and blows into Korea, can exacerbate respiratory and immunological diseases. This study aims to observe effects of co-exposure to ASD on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic lung inflammation and of treatment with a phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitor in a mouse model. The challenge with OVA increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue. Interleukin (IL)-13, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte-protein-1, mucin, and antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 production increased in mouse serum. The co-exposure of ASD significantly exacerbated these effects in this asthma model. Notably, the administration of a PDE7 inhibitor, BRL-50481 (BRL), significantly reduced AHR, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs, and the levels of type 2 T helper cell-related cytokines, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and mucin. Thus, the administration of BRL ameliorated OVA-induced allergic asthmatic responses exacerbated by co-exposure to ASD. This study suggests that PDE7 inhibition can be a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory lung diseases and asthma via the regulation of T lymphocytes and reduction of IL-13, and, consequently, mucin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
- Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Fussell JC, Kelly FJ. Mechanisms underlying the health effects of desert sand dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106790. [PMID: 34333291 PMCID: PMC8484861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Desertification and climate change indicate a future expansion of the global area of dry land and an increase in the risk of drought. Humans may therefore be at an ever-increasing risk of frequent exposure to, and resultant adverse health effects of desert sand dust. This review appraises a total of 52 experimental studies that have sought to identify mechanisms and intermediate endpoints underlying epidemiological evidence of an impact of desert dust on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Toxicological studies, in main using doses that reflect or at least approach real world exposures during a dust event, have demonstrated that virgin sand dust particles and dust storm particles sampled at remote locations away from the source induce inflammatory lung injury and aggravate allergen-induced nasal and pulmonary eosinophilia. Effects are orchestrated by cytokines, chemokines and antigen-specific immunoglobulin potentially via toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor signaling pathways. Findings suggest that in addition to involvement of adhered chemical and biological pollutants, mineralogical components may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of human respiratory disorders during a dust event. Whilst comparisons with urban particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) suggest that allergic inflammatory responses are greater for microbial element-rich dust- PM2.5, aerosols generated during dust events appear to have a lower oxidative potential compared to combustion-generated PM2.5 sampled during non-dust periods. In vitro findings suggest that the significant amounts of suspended desert dust during storm periods may provide a platform to intermix with chemicals on its surfaces, thereby increasing the bioreactivity of PM2.5 during dust storm episodes, and that mineral dust surface reactions are an unrecognized source of toxic organic chemicals in the atmosphere, enhancing toxicity of aerosols in urban environments. In summary, the experimental research on desert dust on respiratory endpoints go some way in clarifying the mechanistic effects of atmospheric desert dust on the upper and lower human respiratory system. In doing so, they provide support for biological plausibility of epidemiological associations between this particulate air pollutant and events including exacerbation of asthma, hospitalization for respiratory infections and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Fussell
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Sir Michael Uren Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frank J Kelly
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Sir Michael Uren Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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Honda A, Okuda T, Nagao M, Miyasaka N, Tanaka M, Takano H. PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation causes stronger biological responses than that collected using a conventional filtration method. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110490. [PMID: 33220242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the health effects of particulate matter with aerodynamic dias. ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) should reflect realistic condition in ambient atmosphere. However, using conventional filtration methods, only extracts from PM2.5 collected on the filter can be analyzed and not the particle itself. Cyclonic separation is a technique that enables the direct analysis of the effects of the crude "powder form" of PM2.5 on respiratory health. Airway epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells were exposed to PM2.5 collected during the same period using a conventional filtration method or cyclonic separation. PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation led to a higher secretion of interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) from airway epithelial cells, and IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion, cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), and dendritic and epithelial cells 205 (DEC205) expression on antigen-presenting cells, compared with the effects of filter-collected PM2.5. Furthermore, PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation increased inflammatory cytokine levels and induced lung inflammation in vivo. These results suggest that crude PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation causes stronger biological responses than filter-collected PM2.5. Hence, PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation can be utilized for a reliable evaluation of the health effects of ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagao
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Michitaka Tanaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
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Respiratory and Systemic Toxicity of Inhaled Artificial Asian Sand Dust in Pigs. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010025. [PMID: 33406620 PMCID: PMC7823853 DOI: 10.3390/life11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, particularly caused by Asian sand dust (ASD) and particulate matter (PM), has become one of the leading threats to public health. However, the majority of studies have primarily focused on epidemiological assessment, and in vivo toxicities of certain air pollutants have been poorly elucidated in medium/large-size laboratory animals. To investigate the impact of ASD in domestic animals, 16 Landrace pigs were exposed to an artificial ASD sandstorm for 6 h. All animals were divided in four cages, and a commercial yellow soil was used for generating artificial mineralogical particles. Blood samples were collected, and necropsies were performed before exposure and 6, 12, 24, and 72 h after exposure. Complete blood cell count and the levels of serum biochemical enzymes, blood gas, electrolytes, and a variety of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. In addition, histopathological examination was conducted. Various test results proved acute lower airway disorders with systemic inflammation in pigs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe experimental research in domestic animals concerning the damage caused by artificial ASD exposure. The results of this study suggest that ASD has importance in terms of not only public health but also of ultimate economic losses in the pork industry.
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Cho JM, Chae J, Jeong SR, Moon MJ, Shin DY, Lee JH. Immune activation of Bio-Germanium in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 130 human subjects: Therapeutic opportunities from new insights. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240358. [PMID: 33075061 PMCID: PMC7572073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germanium has long been considered a therapeutic agent with anticancer, antitumor, antiaging, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Numerous clinical studies have explored the promising therapeutic effects of organic germanium on cancer, arthritis and senile osteoporosis. The immune activation property of organic germanium is considered the foundation of its various therapeutic effects. However, previous human clinical studies investigating immune activation with organic germanium compounds have certain limitations, as some studies did not strictly follow a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. To build a more clinically substantiated foundation for the mechanism underlying its immunostimulation, we structured by far the most rigorous clinical study to-date with a group of 130 human subjects to examine changes in immune profiles following germanium supplementation. We used Bio-Germanium, an organic germanium compound naturally synthesized via a yeast fermentation process. An 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 130 subjects with leukocyte counts of 4–8 (×103/μL) divided into the Bio-Germanium group and the placebo group. Anthropometric measurements; blood collection; biochemical analysis; urinalysis; and natural killer cell activity, cytokine and immunoglobulin assays were conducted. Results showed the Bio-Germanium group exhibited NK cell activity increases at effector cell:target cell (E:T) ratios of 50:1, 10:1, 5:1 and 2.5:1 (12.60±32.91%, 10.19±23.88%, 9.28±16.49% and 7.27±15.28%, respectively), but the placebo group showed decreases (P<0.01). The difference in the IgG1 change from baseline to follow-up between the Bio-Germanium and placebo groups was significant (P = 0.044). Our results and earlier clinical study of Bio-Germanium confirm that Bio-Germanium acts as an effective immunostimulant by increasing the cytotoxicity of NK cells and activating immunoglobulin, B cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P<0.05). As we have added newly discovered clinical findings for germanium’s immunostimulation mechanism, we believe Bio-Germanium is a highly promising therapeutic agent and should certainly be further explored for potential development opportunities in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Cho
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisuk Chae
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Rang Jeong
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Moon
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeob Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N Shenoy
- Research Scientist, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York, USA
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Hashizume M, Kim Y, Ng CFS, Chung Y, Madaniyazi L, Bell ML, Guo YL, Kan H, Honda Y, Yi SM, Kim H, Nishiwaki Y. Health Effects of Asian Dust: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:66001. [PMID: 32589456 PMCID: PMC7319773 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential adverse health effects of Asian dust exposure have been reported, but systematic reviews and quantitative syntheses are lacking. OBJECTIVE We reviewed epidemiologic studies that assessed the risk of mortality, hospital admissions, and symptoms/dysfunction associated with exposure to Asian dust. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science to identify studies that reported the association between Asian dust exposure and human health outcomes. We conducted separate meta-analyses using a random-effects model for mortality and hospital admissions for a specific health outcome and assessed pooled estimates for each lag when at least three studies were available for a specific lag. RESULTS We identified 89 studies that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates (percentage changes) of mortality from circulatory and respiratory causes for Asian dust days vs. non-Asian dust days were 2.33% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 3.93] increase at lag 0 and 3.99% (95% CI: 0.08, 8.06) increase at lag 3, respectively. The increased risk for hospital admissions for respiratory disease, asthma, and pneumonia peaked at lag 3 by 8.85% (95% CI: 0.80, 17.55), 14.55% (95% CI: 6.74, 22.94), and 8.51% (95% CI: 2.89, 14.44), respectively. Seven of 12 studies reported reduced peak expiratory flow, and 16 of 21 studies reported increased respiratory symptoms associated with Asian dust exposure. There were substantial variations between the studies in definitions of Asian dust, study designs, model specifications, and confounder controls. DISCUSSION We found evidence of increased mortality and hospital admissions for circulatory and respiratory events. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was not large and further evidences are merited to strengthen our conclusions. Standardized protocols for epidemiological studies would facilitate interstudy comparisons. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yeonseung Chung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Honda A, Ito S, Tanaka M, Sawahara T, Hayashi T, Fukushima W, Kitamura G, Kudo H, Chowdhury PH, Okano H, Onishi T, Kawaryu Y, Higashihara M, Nakayama H, Ueda K, Takano H. Extract of curry powder and its components protect against diesel exhaust particle-induced inflammatory responses in human airway epithelial cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1682526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michitaka Tanaka
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawahara
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukushima
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Kitamura
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kudo
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pratiti Home Chowdhury
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinori Onishi
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawaryu
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Higashihara
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Research & Development Institute, House Foods Corporation, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Lee YH, Kim DY, Jeong SH, Hwang YJ. Effect of exposure to Asian sand dust-Particulate matter on liver Tenascin-C expression in human cancer cell and mouse hepatic tissue. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:633-641. [PMID: 31474744 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asian Sand Dust-Particulate Matter (ASD-PM) aerosol brings large amounts of wind-eroded soil particles containing high concentrations of metallic components caused by industrialization and vehicles. Proinflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines trigger local inflammatory responses and cause a systematically high incidence of cardiovascular and other diseases. Tenascin C (Tn-C) is known to be expressed in damaged tissue or in a developmental stage of tissue. In this study, we examined the expression of Tn-C and Fibronectin in human cancer-cell lines and in liver tissue of mice treated with ASD-PM to investigate the inflammatory and cell-damage effects of ASD-PM. In our in vivo study, mice were intratracheally instilled with saline suspensions of ASD-PM particles. Instillation of these particles was repeated twice a week for 12 weeks and the liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome, and we carried out an IF. Tn-C expression in liver tissues was detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In the results, the expression of Tn-C increased in a dose-dependent manner in both RNA and Immunofluorescence assay (IF). In our in vitro study, A549 and Hep3B cell lines were incubated in culture media with Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1(TGF-β1) and ASD-PM. Immunofluorescence microscopy images showed a two times stronger expression of fluorescence in the ASD-treated group than in that treated with TGF-β1. They also showed a stronger expression of Tn-C in proportion to the concentration of ASD-PM. We confirmed that ASD-PM when inhaled formally migrated to other organs and induced Tn-C expression. ASD-PM containing metals causes expression of Tn-C in liver tissue in proportion to the concentration of ASD-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of BIONANO, Gachon University, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil hospital, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Korea
| | - You Jin Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Korea.,Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Korea
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17
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Shin JM, Kim HJ, Park JH, Hwang YJ, Lee HM. Asian Sand Dust Regulates IL-32 Production in Airway Epithelial Cells: Inhibitory Effect of Glucocorticoids. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:403-412. [PMID: 30919652 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419839538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Epidemiologic studies have reported that Asian sand dust (ASD) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of GCs on ASD-induced interleukin-32 (IL-32) expression and to identify the underlying signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells. Methods A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity in A549 and human primary nasal epithelial cells. Expression levels of IL-32 messenger RNA and protein were measured by Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining. Signaling pathways were analyzed using specific inhibitors of Akt, MAPK, or NF- κB. The effects of GCs on the expression of ASD-induced IL-32 were confirmed with ex vivo organ cultures of the nasal interior turbinate. Results ASD (0–400 ng/mL) had no significant cytotoxic effects in A549 cells and human primary nasal epithelial cells. Expression levels of IL-32 were dose-dependently upregulated by ASD treatment in A549 cells. ASD induced phosphorylation of Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, whereas GCs and specific inhibitors of Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB downregulated these activations and the expression of IL-32. These findings were further confirmed in human primary nasal epithelial cells and ex vivo organ cultures of the nasal interior turbinate. Conclusions GCs have an inhibitory effect on ASD-induced IL-32 expression via the Akt, MAPK, and NF- κB signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Shin
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee-Jin Kim
- 2 Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- 2 Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Hwang
- 3 Department of Life Science, College of BioNano, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute for Korea University IVD Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Onishi T, Honda A, Tanaka M, Chowdhury PH, Okano H, Okuda T, Shishido D, Terui Y, Hasegawa S, Kameda T, Tohno S, Hayashi M, Nishita-Hara C, Hara K, Inoue K, Yasuda M, Hirano S, Takano H. Ambient fine and coarse particles in Japan affect nasal and bronchial epithelial cells differently and elicit varying immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1693-1701. [PMID: 30086990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) epidemiologically exacerbates respiratory and immune health, including allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA). Although fine and coarse particles can affect respiratory tract, the differences in their effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract and immune system, their underlying mechanism, and the components responsible for the adverse health effects have not been yet completely elucidated. In this study, ambient fine and coarse particles were collected at three different locations in Japan by cyclone technique. Both particles collected at all locations decreased the viability of nasal epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), increased the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β from bronchial epithelial cells and APCs, and induced expression of dendritic and epithelial cell (DEC) 205 on APCs. Differences in inflammatory responses, but not in cytotoxicity, were shown between both particles, and among three locations. Some components such as Ti, Co, Zn, Pb, As, OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) showed significant correlations to inflammatory responses or cytotoxicity. These results suggest that ambient fine and coarse particles differently affect nasal and bronchial epithelial cells and immune response, which may depend on particles size diameter, chemical composition and source related particles types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Onishi
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Honda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Michitaka Tanaka
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pratiti H Chowdhury
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Shishido
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Terui
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Susumu Tohno
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Fukuoka Institute of Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishita-Hara
- Fukuoka Institute of Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hara
- Fukuoka Institute of Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Chowdhury PH, Okano H, Honda A, Kudou H, Kitamura G, Ito S, Ueda K, Takano H. Aqueous and organic extract of PM 2.5 collected in different seasons and cities of Japan differently affect respiratory and immune systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:223-234. [PMID: 29291522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm (i.e., PM2.5) has multiple natural and anthropological sources. The association between PM2.5 and the exacerbation of respiratory allergy and asthma has been well studied, but the components of PM2.5 that are responsible for allergies have not yet been determined. Here, we elucidated the effects of aqueous and organic extract of PM2.5 collected during four seasons in November 2014-December 2015 in two cities (Kawasaki, an industrial area and Fukuoka, an urban area affected by transboundary pollution matter) of Japan on respiratory health. Ambient PM2.5 was collected by high-volume air samplers and extracted into water soluble and lipid soluble components. Human airway epithelial cells, murine bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (APC) and splenocytes were exposed to PM2.5 extracts. We measured the cell viability and release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from airway epithelial cells, the DEC205 and CD86 expressions on APCs and cell proliferation, and TCR and CD19 expression on splenocytes. The water-soluble or aqueous extracts, especially those from Kawasaki in fall, had a greater cytotoxic effect than the lipid-soluble or organic extracts in airway epithelial cells, but they caused almost no pro-inflammatory response. Extract of fall, especially the aqueous extract from Fukuoka, increased the DEC205 and CD86 expressions on APC. Moreover, aqueous extracts of fall, summer, and spring from Fukuoka significantly increased proliferation of splenocytes. Organic extract of spring and summer from Kawasaki significantly elevated the TCR expression, and organic extract of summer from Kawasaki decreased the CD19 expression. These results suggest that PM2.5 extract samples are responsible for cytotoxicity in airway epithelial cells and for activating APCs and T-cells, which can contribute to the exacerbation of respiratory diseases such as asthma. These effects can differ by PM2.5 components, collection areas and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiti Home Chowdhury
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Honda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Kudou
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Kitamura
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Lee DU, Ji MJ, Kang JY, Kyung SY, Hong JH. Dust particles-induced intracellular Ca 2+ signaling and reactive oxygen species in lung fibroblast cell line MRC5. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:327-334. [PMID: 28461775 PMCID: PMC5409120 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic interest in particulate matter (PM) is growing particularly because of its impact of respiratory health. It has been elucidated that PM evoked inflammatory signal in pulmonary epithelia. However, it has not been established Ca2+ signaling mechanisms involved in acute PM-derived signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts. In the present study, we explored dust particles PM modulated intracellular Ca2+ signaling and sought to provide a therapeutic strategy by antagonizing PM-induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human lung fibroblasts MRC5 cells. We demonstrated that PM10, less than 10 µm, induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which was mediated by extracellular Ca2+. The PM10-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling was attenuated by antioxidants, phospholipase blockers, polyADPR polymerase 1 inhibitor, and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) inhibitors. In addition, PM-mediated increases in reactive oxygen species were attenuated by TRPM2 blockers, clotrimazole (CLZ) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA). Our results showed that PM10 enhanced reactive oxygen species signal by measuring DCF fluorescence and the DCF signal attenuated by both TRPM2 blockers CLZ and ACA. Here, we suggest functional inhibition of TRPM2 channels as a potential therapeutic strategy for modulation of dust particle-mediated signaling and oxidative stress accompanying lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Un Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kyung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Korea
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21
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Honda A, Fukushima W, Oishi M, Tsuji K, Sawahara T, Hayashi T, Kudo H, Kashima Y, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, Ueda K, Takano H. Effects of Components of PM 2.5 Collected in Japan on the Respiratory and Immune Systems. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:153-164. [PMID: 28056587 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816682224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have reported that particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) affect respiratory diseases, including asthma. The components and/or factors of PM2.5 that contribute to the exacerbation of asthma have not been identified. We investigated the effects of extracts of PM2.5 collected in Japan on the respiratory and immune systems. PM2.5 was collected from an industrial area and an urban area in December 2013. Airway epithelial cells and immune cells were exposed to aqueous or organic extracts of PM2.5. Exposure to extracts from both areas, especially to organic extracts rather than aqueous extracts, caused a pro-inflammatory response via interleukin (IL) 6 production from airway epithelial cells, and it induced the maturation/activation of bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells via dendritic and epithelial cell (DEC) 205 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 86 expression and proportional changes in the constitution of the splenocytes. The extracts collected from the industrial area tended to show greater effects than those from the urban area. These results suggest that organic components of PM2.5 affect the respiratory and immune systems. These effects can differ by the collection areas. In addition, IL-6, DEC205, and CD86 can be predictive biomarkers for the respiratory and immune effects of ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukushima
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Oishi
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenshi Tsuji
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawahara
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kudo
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Kashima
- 2 Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Sasaki
- 2 Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- 1 Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Li Q, Tang M, Zhou A. In vitro detection of diesel exhaust particles induced human lung carcinoma epithelial cells damage and the effect of resveratrol. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:747-757. [PMID: 27933654 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
People are taking up antioxidants in their daily diet and being exposed to a potential diesel exhaust particles (DEP)-containing environment. Thus it is important to study in vitro cellular responses when cells are exposed to DEP with or without antioxidant treatment. The investigation of DEP and resveratrol (RES) on cellular biophysical and biochemical changes is needed to better understand the mechanisms of DEP and RES in mammalian cells. A combination of two non-invasive techniques (atomic force microscopy, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy, RM) and multimodal tools were applied to evaluate the biophysical, biochemical alterations and cytokine, membrane potential and cell cycle of cells with or without RES pretreatment to different times of DEP exposure. AFM results indicated that RES protected cells from DEP-induced damage to cytoskeleton and cell architectures, and noted that RES treatments also attenuated DEP-induced alterations in cell elasticity and surface adhesion force over DEP incubation time. RM monitored the changes in characteristic Raman peak intensities of DNA and protein over the DEP exposure time for both RES and non-RES treated groups. The cytokine and chemokine changes quantified by Multiplex ELISA revealed that the inflammatory responses were enhanced with the increase in DEP exposure time and that RES enhanced the expression levels of cytokine and chemokine. This work demonstrated that significant biophysical and biochemical changes in cells might be relevant to early pathological changes induced by DEP damage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Honda A, Sawahara T, Hayashi T, Tsuji K, Fukushima W, Oishi M, Kitamura G, Kudo H, Ito S, Yoshida S, Ichinose T, Ueda K, Takano H. Biological factor related to Asian sand dust particles contributes to the exacerbation of asthma. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:583-590. [PMID: 27714829 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed that Asian sand dust particles (ASDs) can affect respiratory and immune health represented by asthma. Factors responsible for the exacerbation of asthma remain unclear. The fungus Bjerkandera adusta (B.ad) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) have been identified in ASDs collected from the atmosphere when an ASD event occurred. We investigated the effects of B.ad and BaP related to ASDs on respiratory and immune systems. Bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and splenocytes from atopic prone NC/Nga mice and human airway epithelial cells were exposed to the B.ad or to BaP in the presence and absence of heated-ASDs (H-ASDs). B.ad and BaP in both the presence and absence of H-ASDs increased the expression of cell surface molecules on APCs. H-ASDs alone slightly activated APCs. The expressions induced by B.ad were higher than those induced by BaP in the presence and absence of H-ASDs. There were no remarkable effects on the activation of splenocytes or the proinflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that B.ad rather than BaP contributes to the exacerbation of asthma regardless of the presence or absence of sand particles, particularly by the activation of the immune system via APCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawahara
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenshi Tsuji
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukushima
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Oishi
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Kitamura
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kudo
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshida
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yamaguchi N, Baba T, Ichijo T, Himezawa Y, Enoki K, Saraya M, Li PF, Nasu M. Abundance and Community Structure of Bacteria on Asian Dust Particles Collected in Beijing, China, during the Asian Dust Season. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:68-77. [PMID: 26725429 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 180 t/km(2) of Asian dust particles are estimated to fall annually on Beijing, China, and there is significant concern about the influence of microbes transported by Asian dust events on human health and downwind ecosystems. In this study, we collected Asian dust particles in Beijing, and analyzed the bacterial communities on these particles by culture-independent methods. Bacterial cells on Asian dust particles were visualized first by laser scanning microscopy, which demonstrated that Asian dust particles carry bacterial cells to Beijing. Bacterial abundance, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was 10(8) to 10(9) cells/g, a value about 10 times higher than that in Asian dust source soils. Inter-seasonal variability of bacterial community structures among Asian dust samples, as compared by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), was low during the Asian dust season. Several viable bacteria, including intestinal bacteria, were found in Asian dust samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Clone library analysis targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences demonstrated that bacterial phylogenetic diversity was high in the dust samples, and most of these were environmental bacteria distributed in soil and air. The dominant species in the clone library was Segetibacter aerophilus (Bacteroidetes), which was first isolated from an Asian dust sample collected in Korea. Our results also indicate the possibility of a change in the bacterial community structure during transportation and increases in desiccation-tolerant bacteria such as Firmicutes.
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Wang B, Li N, Deng F, Buglak N, Park G, Su S, Ren A, Shen G, Tao S, Guo X. Human bronchial epithelial cell injuries induced by fine particulate matter from sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods: Association with particle constituents. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 47:201-210. [PMID: 27593287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of respiratory diseases following sandstorm-derived particulate matter (PM) exposure. The presence of anthropogenic and biological agents on the sandstorm PM and the escalation of PM<2.5μm (PM2.5) pollution in China have led to serious concerns regarding the health effects of PM2.5 during Asian sandstorms. We investigated how changes in PM2.5 composition, as the weather transitioned towards a sandstorm, affected human airway epithelial cells. Six PM2.5 samples covering two sandstorm events and their respective background and transition periods were collected in Baotou, an industrial city near the Gobi Desert in China. PM samples from all three periods had mild cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, which was positively correlated with the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several metals. All PM samples potently increased the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Endotoxin in all samples contributed significantly to the IL-6 response, with only a minor effect on IL-8. Cr was positively correlated with both IL-6 and IL-8 release, while Si was only associated with the increase of IL-6. Our study suggests that local agricultural and industrial surroundings in addition to the sandstorm play important roles in the respiratory effects of sandstorm-derived PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Nicholas Buglak
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - George Park
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - Shu Su
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Chang J, Go YY, Park MK, Chae SW, Lee SH, Song JJ. Asian Sand Dust Enhances the Inflammatory Response and Mucin Gene Expression in the Middle Ear. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 9:198-205. [PMID: 27095518 PMCID: PMC4996096 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2015.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Asia sand dust (ASD) is known to cause various human diseases including respiratory infection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ASD on inflammatory response in human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) in vitro and in vivo. Methods. Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The mRNA levels of various genes including COX-2, TNF-a, MUC 5AC, MUC 5B, TP53, BAX, BCL-2, NOX4, and SOD1 were analyzed using semiquantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. COX-2 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Sprague Dawley rats were used for in vivo investigations of inflammatory reactions in the middle ear epithelium as a result of ASD injection. Results. We observed dose-dependent decrease in HMEEC viability. ASD exposure significantly increased COX-2, TNF-a, MUC5AC, and MUC5B mRNA expression. Also, ASD affected the mRNA levels of apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes. Western blot analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in COX-2 production. Animal studies also demonstrated an ASD-induced inflammatory response in the middle ear epithelium. Conclusion. Environmental ASD exposure can result in the development of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kameda T, Azumi E, Fukushima A, Tang N, Matsuki A, Kamiya Y, Toriba A, Hayakawa K. Mineral dust aerosols promote the formation of toxic nitropolycyclic aromatic compounds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24427. [PMID: 27075250 PMCID: PMC4830986 DOI: 10.1038/srep24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), which have been shown to have adverse health effects such as carcinogenicity, are formed in part through nitration reactions of their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere. However, little is known about heterogeneous nitration rates of PAHs by gaseous NO2 on natural mineral substrates, such as desert dust aerosols. Herein by employing kinetic experiments using a flow reactor and surface analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with pyridine adsorption, we demonstrate that the reaction is accelerated on acidic surfaces of mineral dust, particularly on those of clay minerals. In support of this finding, we show that levels of ambient particle-associated NPAHs in Beijing, China, significantly increased during heavy dust storms. These results suggest that mineral dust surface reactions are an unrecognized source of toxic organic chemicals in the atmosphere and that they enhance the toxicity of mineral dust aerosols in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kameda
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Azumi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Aki Fukushima
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Kamiya
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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29
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Ko R, Hayashi M, Hayashi H, Hayashi K, Kato H, Kurata Y, Fuchino Y, Nakamichi T, Migita H, Yano H, Sakata T, Uchio E. Correlation between acute conjunctivitis and Asian dust on ocular surfaces. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:367-75. [PMID: 27142484 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1162248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Asian dust particles (ADP) in patients suffering from conjunctivitis and its correlation with clinical scores for conjunctivitis. Forty-five patients from the Fukuoka area who were newly diagnosed acute conjunctivitis were selected. The degrees of inflammatory reaction, itchy sensation, hyperemia, eye discharge, and foreign body sensation were clinically recorded and scored. Eyes were washed with physiological solution. Solid particles collected from the washing solution were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Of the 45 samples, 44 were positive for the elements silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which are components of ambient Asian dust. Higher conjunctivitis scores were found in the subgroup in which the Asian dust/whole particle ratio was greater than average. This is the first apparent report on the correlation between amount of ADP exposure at the ocular surface and severity of ocular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ko
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- b Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hayashi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kazue Hayashi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kato
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kurata
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yuki Fuchino
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | | | - Hironori Migita
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hiroko Yano
- c Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Osaka , Japan
| | | | - Eiichi Uchio
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
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The Effect of Therapeutic Blockades of Dust Particles-Induced Ca²⁺ Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-8 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:843024. [PMID: 26640326 PMCID: PMC4657146 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells are the first barrier of defense against respiratory pathogens. Dust particles as extracellular stimuli are associated with inflammatory reactions after inhalation. It has been reported that dust particles induce intracellular Ca(2+) signal, which subsequently increases cytokines production such as interleukin- (IL-) 8. However, the study of therapeutic blockades of Ca(2+) signaling induced by dust particles in human bronchial epithelial cells is poorly understood. We investigated how to modulate dust particles-induced Ca(2+) signaling and proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 expression. Bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to PM10 dust particles and subsequent mediated intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and reactive oxygen species signal. Our results show that exposure to several inhibitors of Ca(2+) pathway attenuated the PM10-induced Ca(2+) response and subsequent IL-8 mRNA expression. PM10-mediated Ca(2+) signal and IL-8 expression were attenuated by several pharmacological blockades such as antioxidants, IP3-PLC blockers, and TRPM2 inhibitors. Our results show that blockades of PLC or TRPM2 reduced both of PM10-mediated Ca(2+) signal and IL-8 expression, suggesting that treatment with these blockades should be considered for potential therapeutic trials in pulmonary epithelium for inflammation caused by environmental events such as seasonal dust storm.
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Decreased pulmonary function in school children in Western Japan after exposures to Asian desert dusts and its association with interleukin-8. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:583293. [PMID: 26060816 PMCID: PMC4427824 DOI: 10.1155/2015/583293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of Asian dust storms (ADS) on pulmonary function of school children and the relationship of this effect with interleukin-8. Morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured daily in 399 children from April to May 2012 and in 384 of these children from March to May 2013. The data were analyzed for an association between ADS events and PEF by linear mixed models. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells stimulated by airborne particles collected on ADS days. Seven ADS days were identified: April 23 and 24, 2012; March 8 to 10, 2013; and March 19 and 20, 2013. Changes in PEF after ADS exposure were -8.17 L/min (95% confidence interval, -11.40 to -4.93) in 2012 and -1.17 L/min (-4.07 to 1.74) in 2013, and there was a significant difference between 2012 and 2013. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was significantly higher in 2012 at 10.6 ± 2.9-fold compared to 3.7 ± 0.4 in March 8 to 10, 2013, and 2.3 ± 0.2 in March 19 and 20, 2013. The influence of ADS events on pulmonary function of children differs with each ADS event and may be related to interleukin-8 production.
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Honda A, Tsuji K, Matsuda Y, Hayashi T, Fukushima W, Sawahara T, Kudo H, Murayama R, Takano H. Effects of Air Pollution-Related Heavy Metals on the Viability and Inflammatory Responses of Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:195-203. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581815575757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various metals produced from human activity are ubiquitously detected in ambient air. The metals may lead to induction and/or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, but the significant metals and factors contributing to such diseases have not been identified. To compare the effects of each metal and different oxidation states of metals on human airway, we examined the viability and production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 using BEAS-2B cell line, derived from human airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells were exposed to Mn2+, V4+, V5+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ at a concentration of 0.5, 5, 50, or 500 μmol/L for 24 hours. Mn and V decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and V5+ tended to have a greater effect than V4+. The Cr decreased the cell viability, and (Cr+6) at concentrations of 50 and 500 μmol/L was more toxic than (Cr+3). Zn at a concentration of 500 μmol/L greatly decreased the cell viability, whereas Ni at the same concentration increased it. Pb produced fewer changes. Mn and Ni at a concentration of 500 μmol/L induced the significant production of IL-6 and IL-8. However, most of the metals including (V+4, V+5), (Cr+3, Cr+6), Zn, and Pb inhibited the production of both IL-6 and IL-8. The present results indicate that various heavy metals have different effects on toxicity and the proinflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells, and those influences also depend on the oxidation states of the metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenshi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yugo Matsuda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukushima
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawahara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kudo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rumiko Murayama
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Nakamura T, Hashizume M, Ueda K, Kubo T, Shimizu A, Okamura T, Nishiwaki Y. The relationship between Asian dust events and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Japan. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:289-96. [PMID: 25797600 PMCID: PMC4375283 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian dust events are caused by dust storms that originate in the deserts of China and Mongolia and drift across East Asia. We hypothesized that the dust events would increase incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests by triggering acute events or exacerbating chronic diseases. METHODS We analyzed the Utstein-Style data collected in 2005 to 2008 from seven prefectures covering almost the entire length of Japan to investigate the effect of Asian dust events on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Asian dust events were defined by the measurement of light detection and ranging. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was performed. The strength of the association between Asian dust events and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests was shown by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in two conditional logistic models. A pooled estimate was obtained from area-specific results by random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS The total number of cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 59 273, of which 35 460 were in men and 23 813 were in women. The total number of event days during the study period was smallest in Miyagi and Niigata and largest in Shimane and Nagasaki. There was no significant relationship between Asian dust events and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests by area in either of the models. In the pooled analysis, the highest odds ratios were observed at lag day 1 in both model 1 (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97-1.19) and model 2 (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.97-1.20). However, these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of an association between Asian dust events and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University
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Takeshita S, Tokunaga T, Tanabe Y, Arinami T, Ichinose T, Noguchi E. Asian sand dust aggregate causes atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in Nc/Nga mice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2015; 11:3. [PMID: 25642251 PMCID: PMC4311458 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-015-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asian sand dust (ASD) originates from the arid and semiarid areas of China, and epidemiologic studies have shown that ASD exposure is associated with various allergic and respiratory symptoms. However, few studies have been performed to assess the relationship between skin inflammation and ASD exposure. Methods Twelve-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 for each group): hydrophilic petrolatum only (control); hydrophilic petrolatum plus ASD (ASD); hydrophilic petrolatum and heat inactivated-ASD (H-ASD); Dermatophagoides farinae extract (Df); Df and ASD (Df + ASD), and; Df and H-ASD (Df + H-ASD). The NC/Nga mice in each group were subjected to treatment twice a week for 4 weeks. We evaluated skin lesions by symptoms, pathologic changes, and serum IgE levels. Results ASD alone did not induce atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin symptoms. However, Df alone, Df + H-ASD and Df + ASD all induced AD-like symptoms, and dermatitis scores in the group of Df + ASD group were significantly greater than that of the Df group (P = 0.0011 at day 21; and P = 0.017 at day 28). Mean serum IgE was markedly increased in the Df and Df + ASD groups, compared to the ASD and control groups (P < 0.0001), and serum IgE levels in the Df + ASD group were significantly higher compared to the Df group (P = 0.003). Conclusions ASD alone did not cause AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. However, AD-like symptoms induced by Df, a major allergen, were enhanced by adding ASD. Although no epidemiological studies have been conducted for the association between ASD and symptoms of dermatitis, our data suggest that it is likely that ASD may contribute to the exacerbation of not only respiratory symptoms, but also skin diseases, in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takeshita
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan
| | - Takahiro Tokunaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tanabe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan
| | - Tadao Arinami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notsuharu, Oita Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan ; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
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Kurai J, Watanabe M, Tomita K, Yamasaki HSA, Shimizu E. Influence of Asian dust particles on immune adjuvant effects and airway inflammation in asthma model mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111831. [PMID: 25386753 PMCID: PMC4227670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An Asian dust storm (ADS) contains airborne particles that affect conditions such as asthma, but the mechanism of exacerbation is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare immune adjuvant effects and airway inflammation induced by airborne particles collected on ADS days and the original ADS soil (CJ-1 soil) in asthma model mice. METHODS Airborne particles were collected on ADS days in western Japan. NC/Nga mice were co-sensitized by intranasal instillation with ADS airborne particles and/or Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), and with CJ-1 soil and/or Df for 5 consecutive days. Df-sensitized mice were stimulated with Df challenge intranasally at 7 days after the last Df sensitization. At 24 hours after challenge, serum allergen specific antibody, differential leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and airway inflammation was examined histopathologically. RESULTS Co-sensitization with ADS airborne particles and Df increased the neutrophil and eosinophil counts in BALF. Augmentation of airway inflammation was also observed in peribronchiolar and perivascular lung areas. Df-specific serum IgE was significantly elevated by ADS airborne particles, but not by CJ-1 soil. Levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 were higher in BALF in mice treated with ADS airborne particles. CONCLUSION These results suggest that substances attached to ADS airborne particles that are not in the original ADS soil may play important roles in immune adjuvant effects and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sano Akira Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Watanabe M, Kurai J, Shimizu E. Definition of Asian dust particles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:188-189. [PMID: 25173050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Watanabe M, Kurai J, Shimizu E. Influence of Asian Dust Storm on Asthma in Western Japan. Genes Environ 2014. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.2014.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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