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Zhang H, Zhu C, Zhao J, Zheng R, Xing J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xu Q. The enhanced hepatotoxicity of isobavachalcone in depigmented zebrafish due to calcium signaling dysregulation and lipid metabolism disorder. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:919-932. [PMID: 38400677 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a flavonoid component derived from Psoraleae Fructus that can increase skin pigmentation and treat vitiligo. However, IBC has been reported to be hepatotoxic. Current studies on IBC hepatotoxicity are mostly on normal organisms but lack studies on hepatotoxicity in patients. This study established the depigmented zebrafish model by using phenylthiourea (PTU) and investigated the difference in hepatotoxicity between normal and depigmented zebrafish caused by IBC and the underlying mechanism. Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural examination and RT-qPCR verification were used to evaluate the effects of IBC on the livers of zebrafish larvae. IBC significantly decreased liver volume, altered lipid metabolism, and induced pathological and ultrastructural changes in the livers of zebrafish with depigmentation compared with normal zebrafish. The RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR results showed that the difference in hepatotoxicity between normal and depigmented zebrafish caused by IBC was closely related to the calcium signaling pathway, lipid decomposition and metabolism, and oxidative stress. This work delved into the mechanism of the enhanced IBC-induced hepatotoxicity in depigmented zebrafish and provided a new insight into the hepatotoxicity of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chengyue Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- College of Medicine, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruifang Zheng
- Institute of Medicine of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianguo Xing
- Institute of Medicine of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Medicine, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Hospital of Xin Jiang Traditional UYGMJR Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang L, Li X, Yuan Q, Sun S, Liu F, Liao X, Lu H, Chen J, Cao Z. Isavuconazole Induces Neurodevelopment Defects and Motor Behaviour Impairment in Zebrafish Larvae. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04245-x. [PMID: 38787492 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Isavuconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of serious infections caused by invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis in adults. With the continuous use of this drug, its safety and environmental impact have received increasing attention. However, information on the adverse effects of the drug is very limited. Fish is a particularly important model for assessing environmental risks. In this study, the aquatic vertebrate zebrafish was used as a model to study the toxic effects and mechanisms of isavuconazole. We exposed zebrafish embryos to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L of isavuconazole 6 h after fertilization. The results showed that at 72 hpf, isavuconazole exposure reduced heart rate, body length, and survival of zebrafish embryos compared to controls. Secondly, when isavuconazole reached a certain dose level (0.25 mg/L), it caused morphological changes in the Tg(elavl3:eGFP) transgenic fish line, with the head shrunk, the body bent, the fluorescence intensity becoming weaker, the abnormal motor behaviour, etc. At the same time, exposure of zebrafish embryos to isavuconazole downregulated acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) activities but upregulated oxidative stress, thereby disrupting neural development and gene expression of neurotransmitter pathways. In addition, astaxanthin partially rescued the neurodevelopmental defects of zebrafish embryos by downregulating oxidative stress. Thus, our study suggests that isavuconazole exposure may induce neurodevelopment defects and behavioural disturbances in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Sujie Sun
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs and Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
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3
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Liu A, Chen C, Chen K, Shi Y, Grabowski RC, Qiu X. Effects of parental exposure to amitriptyline on the survival, development, behavior, and gene expression in zebrafish offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169173. [PMID: 38064809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, parental exposure to amitriptyline (AMI) has been proven to contribute to congenital disabilities in their offspring. However, no studies have paid attention to the adverse effects of parental exposure to amitriptyline on fish offspring. In this study, we exposed adult zebrafish (F0) to AMI (0.8 μg/L) for 21 days. Subsequently, these zebrafish (F0) were allowed to mate, and their offspring (F1) were collected to culture in clean water for 5 days. The mortality rate, average hatching time, and heart rate at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) of F1 were investigated. Our results showed that parental exposure to AMI induced tachycardia and increased mortality in F1 zebrafish. Under a light/dark transition test, F1 larvae born from AMI-exposed parents exhibited lower locomotor activity in the dark period and decreased thigmotaxis in the light period. The transcriptome analysis showed that parental AMI exposure dysregulated some key pathways in their offspring. Through the prediction of key driver analysis, six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed as key driver genes involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (hspa5, hsp70.1, hsp90a), ribosome (rps27a) and PPAR signaling pathway (pparab and fabp2). Considering that the concentration of AMI residual components in natural water bodies may be over our test concentration (0.8 μg/L), our findings suggested that toxicity of parental exposure to the offspring of fish should receive greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Robert C Grabowski
- Centre for Water, Environment and Development, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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4
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Delghandi PS, Soleimani V, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on oxidant and antioxidant effects of antibacterial agents: impacts on bacterial cell death and division and therapeutic effects or adverse reactions in humans. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2667-2686. [PMID: 37083711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and cellular metabolism. They are responsible for creating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In living organisms, there is a balance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant system, but some factors such as medicines disturb the balance and cause many problems. These effects can impact bacterial death and division and also in humans can induce therapeutic or adverse reactions. Web of Science and Pubmed databases were used for searching. This review focuses on the oxidant and antioxidant effects of different classes of antibacterial agents and the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Some of these agents have beneficial effects on killing bacteria due to their antioxidant or oxidant effects. However, some of their side effects may be due to their oxidative effects. Based on the results of this review, minocycline is an antioxidant, but aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, glycopeptides, antituberculosis drugs, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole agents have oxidant effects. Furthermore, cephalosporins, penicillins, metronidazole, and macrolides have both oxidant and antioxidant effects in different studies. It is concluded that some antibacterial agents have oxidant and other antioxidant effects. These activities may affect their therapeutic effects or side effects. Some antioxidants can prevent the adverse effects of antibacterial agents. Clarifying the exact oxidant and antioxidant effects of some antimicrobial agents needs more research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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5
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Hema T, Poopal RK, Ramesh M, Ren Z, Li B. Developmental toxicity of the emerging contaminant cyclophosphamide and the integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1391-1406. [PMID: 37539704 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The safety of cyclophosphamide (CP) in the early developmental stages is not studied yet; it is important to study the responses at these stages because they might have relevance to CP-administered humans. We studied the developmental toxicity of CP by analysing physiological, morphological, and oxidative stress, neurotransmission enzymes, gene expression and histological endpoints in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The study lasted for 120 hpf at environmentally relevant concentrations of CP. No visible alterations were noticed in the control group. Delayed hatching, slow heart rate, yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, morphological deformities, the incompetence of oxidative stress biomarkers, excessive generation of ROS, apoptosis, inhibition of neurotransmitters and histopathological anomalies were observed in CP-treated groups. These alterations were found to be concentration- and duration-dependent effects for physiological and morphological endpoints, whereas concentration-dependent effects were antioxidants, ROS, apoptosis and histological endpoints. Biomarkers and gene expression were standardised using the integrated biomarker response-IBRv2 index. The IBRv2 index showed a concentration-dependent behaviour. A non-lethal developmental and teratogenic effect was observed in CP-treated zebrafish embryos/larvae at the studied concentrations. The studied biomarkers are sensitive, and the responses are interrelated; thus, their responses are useful to assess veiled and unseen hazards of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Hema
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
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D'Iglio C, Famulari S, Capparucci F, Gervasi C, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Di Paola D. Toxic Effects of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Combination: Chemotherapy Drugs Exposure in Zebrafish. TOXICS 2023; 11:544. [PMID: 37368644 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widely recognized as potentially hazardous to aquatic ecosystems. In the last two decades, the constant intake of biologically active chemicals used in human healthcare has been related to the growing release of these agents into natural environments. As reported by several studies, various pharmaceuticals have been detected, mainly in surface water (seas, lakes, and rivers), but also in groundwater and drinking water. Moreover, these contaminants and their metabolites can show biological activity even at very low concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate the developmental toxicity of exposure to the chemotherapy drugs gemcitabine and paclitaxel in aquatic environments. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to doses of gemcitabine 15 μM in combination with paclitaxel 1 μM from 0 to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) using a fish embryo toxicity test (FET). This study highlights that both gemcitabine and paclitaxel exposure at single non-toxic concentrations affected survival and hatching rate, morphology score, and body length after exposure in combination. Additionally, exposure significantly disturbed the antioxidant defense system and increased ROS in zebrafish larvae. Gemcitabine and paclitaxel exposure caused changes in the expression of inflammation-related, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related (ERS), and autophagy-related genes. Taken together, our findings underline that gemcitabine and paclitaxel increase developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Iglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Famulari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Gervasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Liu YS, Song JW, Zhong WX, Yuan MH, Guo YR, Peng C, Guo L, Guo YP. Dual Drug-Loaded Nanoliposomes Encapsulating Curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil with Advanced Medicinal Applications: Self-Monitoring and Antitumor Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114353. [PMID: 37298829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the presence of physiological barriers, it is difficult to achieve the desired therapeutic efficacy of drugs; thus, it is necessary to develop an efficient drug delivery system that enables advanced functions such as self-monitoring. Curcumin (CUR) is a naturally functional polyphenol whose effectiveness is limited by poor solubility and low bioavailability, and its natural fluorescent properties are often overlooked. Therefore, we aimed to improve the antitumor activity and drug uptake monitoring by simultaneously delivering CUR and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in the form of liposomes. In this study, dual drug-loaded liposomes (FC-DP-Lip) encapsulating CUR and 5-FU were prepared by the thin-film hydration method; their physicochemical properties were characterized; and their biosafety, drug uptake distribution in vivo, and tumor cell toxicity were evaluated. The results showed that the nanoliposome FC-DP-Lip showed good morphology, stability, and drug encapsulation efficiency. It showed good biocompatibility, with no side effects on zebrafish embryonic development. In vivo uptake in zebrafish showed that FC-DP-Lip has a long circulation time and presents gastrointestinal accumulation. In addition, FC-DP-Lip was cytotoxic against a variety of cancer cells. This work showed that FC-DP-Lip nanoliposomes can enhance the toxicity of 5-FU to cancer cells, demonstrating safety and efficiency, and enabling real-time self-monitoring functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia-Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming-Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Rou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Yan Y, Liang S, Zhang T, Deng C, Li H, Zhang D, Lei D, Wang G. Acute exposure of Isopyrazam damages the developed cardiovascular system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:367-377. [PMID: 37032599 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2197655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Isopyrazam (IPZ) is one of the broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs). Although the potential bio-toxicity of SDHIs has been reported hourly, the specific effects focused on the cardiovascular system have remained unclear and piecemeal. Thus, we chose IPZ as a representative to observe the cardiovascular toxicity of SDHIs in zebrafish. Two types of transgenic zebrafish, Tg (cmlc2:GFP) and Tg (flk1:GFP) were used in this study. Healthy embryos at 6 hpf were exposed to IPZ solutions. The statistical data including survival rate, hatching rate, malformed rate, and morphological and functional parameters of the cardiovascular system at 48 hpf and 72 hpf demonstrated that IPZ could cause abnormalities and cardiovascular defects such as spinal curvature, dysmotility, pericardial edema, pericardial hemorrhage, and slowed heart rate, etc. At the same time, the activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress was altered with IPZ. Our results revealed that IPZ-induced cardiovascular toxicity and oxidative stress might be one of the underlying toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepei Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengchen Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huili Li
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Dechuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Lu Z, Guo Y, Xu D, Xiao H, Dai Y, Liu K, Chen L, Wang H. Developmental toxicity and programming alterations of multiple organs in offspring induced by medication during pregnancy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:460-477. [PMID: 36873163 PMCID: PMC9978644 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication during pregnancy is widespread, but there are few reports on its fetal safety. Recent studies suggest that medication during pregnancy can affect fetal morphological and functional development through multiple pathways, multiple organs, and multiple targets. Its mechanisms involve direct ways such as oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and metabolic activation, and it may also be indirectly caused by placental dysfunction. Further studies have found that medication during pregnancy may also indirectly lead to multi-organ developmental programming, functional homeostasis changes, and susceptibility to related diseases in offspring by inducing fetal intrauterine exposure to too high or too low levels of maternal-derived glucocorticoids. The organ developmental toxicity and programming alterations caused by medication during pregnancy may also have gender differences and multi-generational genetic effects mediated by abnormal epigenetic modification. Combined with the latest research results of our laboratory, this paper reviews the latest research progress on the developmental toxicity and functional programming alterations of multiple organs in offspring induced by medication during pregnancy, which can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for rational medication during pregnancy and effective prevention and treatment of drug-related multiple fetal-originated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan 430071, China
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10
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Chowdhury S, Saikia SK. Use of Zebrafish as a Model Organism to Study Oxidative Stress: A Review. Zebrafish 2022; 19:165-176. [PMID: 36049069 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxygen is an integral part of every living organism, but its concentration varies from organ to organ. Production of metabolites from dioxygen may result in oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress has the potential to damage various biomolecules in the cell, therefore, it has presently become an active field of research. Oxidative stress has been studied in a wide range of model organisms from vertebrates to invertebrates, from rodents to piscine organisms, and from in vivo to in vitro models. But zebrafish (adults, larvae, or embryonic stage) emerged out to be the most promising vertebrate model organism to study oxidative stress because of its vast advantages (transparent embryo, cost-effectiveness, similarity to human genome, easy developmental processes, numerous offspring per spawning, and many more). This is evidenced by voluminous number of researches on oxidative stress in zebrafish exposed to chemicals, radiations, nanoparticles, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. On these backgrounds, this review attempts to highlight the potentiality of zebrafish as model of oxidative stress compared with other companion models. Several areas, from biomedical to environmental research, have been covered to explain it as a more convenient and reliable animal model for experimental research on oxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarna Chowdhury
- Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Surjya Kumar Saikia
- Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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Qiu X, Liu L, Xu W, Chen C, Li M, Shi Y, Wu X, Chen K, Wang C. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles Exhibit More Severe Toxicity to the Embryo/Larvae of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) When Co-Exposed with Cetylpyridinium Chloride. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050945. [PMID: 35624808 PMCID: PMC9138101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined application of nanoparticles and surfactants has attracted tremendous attention in basic research and industry. However, knowledge of their combined toxicity remains scarce. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, a cationic surfactant, at 0 and 20 μg/L), zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles (ZIF-NPs, at 0, 30, and 60 mg/L), and their mixtures until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Within the used concentration range, both single and combined exposures exhibited limited effects on the survival and hatching of zebrafish. However, the combined exposure of ZIF-NPs and CPC caused more severe effects on the heart rate at both 48 and 72 hpf. The combined exposure also induced significant hyperactivity (i.e., increasing the average swimming velocity) and oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae (at 120 hpf), although all single exposure treatments exhibited limited impacts. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species (or malondialdehyde) exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the heart rate (or average swimming velocity) of zebrafish, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a role in mediating the combined toxicity of CPC and ZIF-NPs to zebrafish. Our findings suggest that the interaction of CPC and ZIF-NPs should not be ignored when assessing the potential risks of their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (W.X.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chongchen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (C.W.)
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Impacts of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on the Survival, Development, Behavior, and Oxidative Stress of Early-Life-Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040676. [PMID: 35453362 PMCID: PMC9032156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a widely used surfactant that has been detected in various water ecosystems. However, knowledge on the toxicity of CPC to fish remains scarce. Here, we examined the survival, development, behavior, and oxidative stress in the early life stages of zebrafish exposed to CPC (0, 4, 40, 400, and 1200 μg/L) until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results showed that CPC induced significant mortality at 400 and 1200 μg/L, with a 120 h-EC50 value of 175.9 μg/L. CPC significantly decreased the heart rate of embryos (48 hpf; 4–400 μg/L) and larvae (72 hpf; 40 and 400 μg/L). At 120 hpf, CPC exhibited a dual effect on the locomotion activity (decreased at 400 μg/L and increased at 4 and 40 μg/L) and elevated the reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels in zebrafish larvae at 400 µg/L. In addition, a correlation analysis revealed that CPC-induced oxidative stress might play a critical role in mediating the cardiac and behavioral toxicity of CPC to zebrafish larvae. Our findings suggest that CPC may disturb the fish’s development, behavior, and oxidative status at environmentally relevant concentrations, which should not be ignored when assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Zhang F, Zhao K, Tang T, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Feng S, Feng P, Guo M, Li X, Cen J. Bisindole compound 4ae ameliorated cognitive impairment in rats with vascular dementia by anti-inflammation effect via microglia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174357. [PMID: 34284012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered as an important mechanism of vascular dementia (VaD). Our primary study showed that the bisindole analogue (2-(2-(bis(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenoxy)aniline, compound 4ae) had great anti-inflammation in zebrafish. Rat model of permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) was utilized to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of 4ae. Our results showed that 4ae treatment effectively reduced Iba-1 positive microglia cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. Compared with the model group, neuroinflammation characterized by Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, oxidative stress characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were both improved significantly after treatment with 4ae. Moreover, 4ae treatment significantly reversed ischemia-induced ACE enhancement, while notably increased the level of ACE2. To further elucidate the role of 4ae on neuroinflammation, we investigated the effects of 4ae on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells, a kind of innate immune cells in central nervous system. The results demonstrated that the expressions of CD11b, TNFα and IL-6 and the level of ROS were up-regulated after treatment with LPS. More importantly, 4ae was able to block the activation of BV2 by reducing ROS production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, our results suggested that 4ae inhibited the inflammatory response mediated by microglia cells by inhibiting NF-κB. This anti-inflammatory effect on microglia may be a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of 4ae in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Keqing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Shuo Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Pu Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, PR China.
| | - Juan Cen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China.
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Perumal S, Gopal Samy MV, Subramanian D. Developmental toxicity, antioxidant, and marker enzyme assessment of swertiamarin in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22843. [PMID: 34251064 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A secoiridoid glycoside called swertiamarin has been widely used as a herbal medicine for many decades. In particular, swertiamarin from the Enicostema axillare herb has been used as a multipurpose drug to treat innumerable health problems. As this medicine is consumed orally, its toxicity level should be determined. To examine the safety of this compound, toxicology work was done in zebrafish, and this is the first report to describe swertiamarin toxicity in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were used in this swertiamarin toxicity study, and morphological changes were observed. Further, the compound was also studied in adult zebrafish to determine the impact of the compound on the fish liver. Enzyme profiling with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, reduced glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases, lipid peroxidation, Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminases) was evaluated (p ≤ 0.05). Results suggest that swertiamarin is a safe drug only at a low concentration (40 µM). This study also shows that even herbal medicinal compounds may be toxic to humans at higher dosages. Hence, irrespective of whether a drug is synthetic or natural, it needs to be tested for its toxicity before use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Perumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Madhana V Gopal Samy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Zhang R, Zhao T, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang F, Cen J, Duan S. Curcumin Derivative Cur20 Attenuated Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Antioxidant Effect and HIF-1α/VEGF/TFEB-Activated Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648107. [PMID: 33935747 PMCID: PMC8082391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a curcumin derivative Cur20 was synthesized for better hydrolytic stability, which showed a higher angiogenic effect on zebrafish model than curcumin. In order to reveal the potential effects on neuroprotection, a mouse model of vascular dementia (VaD) induced by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion (rUCCAO) was established. After two weeks of curcumin administration, the cognitive function of mice was detected by Morris water maze and Y maze. The alteration on oxidative injuries and morphological damage were also analyzed by reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, GSH, malondialdehyde tests, and Nissl stain on cortex/hippocampus. The angiogenesis and related signal factors were evaluated as well. The results showed that Cur20 significantly attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and histopathological changes of the VaD mice with enhanced antioxidant system and angiogenesis. In addition, primary rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were applied to further verify the possible mechanisms of Cur20-induced angiogenesis. The results demonstrated that the proliferation effect and the activation of pro-angiogenesis factors such as HIF-1α, VEGF, and TFEB might contribute to the protection of ischemic injury. Based on the above, our conclusion is that Cur20 can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tingkui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Efficacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Yaghoubi A, Davoodi J, Asgharzadeh F, Rezaie S, Nazari E, Khazaei M, Soleimanpour S. Therapeutic effect of an anti-tuberculosis agent, isoniazid, and its nano-isoform in ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107577. [PMID: 33812254 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) is well known as a first-line anti-tuberculosis, while some studies demonstrate that it has anti-inflammatory activity via a different mechanism such as inhibitionthe production of IL-1, ROS, activation of PPARγ expression, inhibition of the transcriptional regulatory activity of NF-κB and AP-1. The aim of this study, investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of INH and INH combined with Sulfasalazine-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in the ulcerative colitis mouse model. METHODS To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of INH and NPs in the ulcerative colitis mice model, we evaluated the effect of INH clinical symptoms and colonic mucosal histology in colitis. RESULT The present study demonstrates that combination therapy of INH with sulfasalazine as well as NPs reduces the symptom of ulcerative colitis and improved disease activity index include body lose weight, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, colonic length, spleen weight, and colon histopathological score in DSS-induced colitis mice model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the nanoforms of INH with sulfasalazine enhances the therapeutic effect of the drugs in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javid Davoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Rezaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Oral isoniazid causes oxidative stress, oocyte deterioration and infertility in mice. Toxicology 2021; 455:152749. [PMID: 33771660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH), a synthetic first-line tuberculosis antibiotic, has been widely used in clinical treatment. It has been reported to cause toxic effects at multiple tissue sites and also increases the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes; but the mechanism of action of INH on the reproductive system of female mammals remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that oral INH (40 mg/kg/day every other day for 28 days) severely affects oocyte maturation and fertilization, late blastocyst development and fertility. We found that INH could disrupt standard spindle assembly, chromosome arrangement, and actin filament dynamics, which compromised meiotic progression of mouse oocytes. INH treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated the oxidative stress response pathway, Keap1-Nrf2. It also caused apoptosis of oocytes and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings demonstrate that oral INH reduces fertility and damages the mammalian reproductive system by altering cytoskeletal dynamics and Juno expression, inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, and activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in mouse oocytes.
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Clozapine Induced Developmental and Cardiac Toxicity on Zebrafish Embryos by Elevating Oxidative Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:399-409. [PMID: 33486714 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine is one of the antipsychotic drugs for treating schizophrenia, but its cardiotoxicity was the primary obstacle for its clinical use, due to the unknown mechanism of clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, we studied the cardiotoxicity of clozapine by employing zebrafish embryos. Acute clozapine exposure showed dose-dependent mortality with the LC50 at 59.36 μmol L-1 and 49.60 μmol L-1 when determined at 48 and 72 h post exposure, respectively. Morphological abnormalities like pericardial edema, incompletely heart looping, and bradycardia were detected after clozapine exposure in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Clozapine treatment also resulted in a slower heart rate and disturbed rhythm in zebrafish embryos. Also, oxidative stress was observed after clozapine exposure by measurement of ROS (reactive oxygen species), MDA (a lipid peroxidation marker), antioxidant enzyme activities, and oxidative stress-related gene expression. The elevation of inflammation coincided with oxidative stress by the assay of inflammation-related genes expression accompanied by clozapine incubation. Collectively, the data indicate that clozapine might achieve cardiotoxic effect in zebrafish larva through increasing oxidative stress, attenuation in antioxidant defense, and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The data could provide experimental explanations for myocarditis and pericarditis induced by clozapine in clinics, and help find an effective solution to reduce its cardiotoxicity.
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Xia Z, Hao E, Chen Z, Zhang M, Wei Y, Wei M, Hou X, Du Z, Deng J. Roots and stems of Kadsura coccinea extract induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae through apoptosis and oxidative stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1294-1301. [PMID: 33355515 PMCID: PMC7759282 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1859553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the roots and stems of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith. [Schisandraceae] are herbs and traditional foods in Li nationality, its toxicity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To study developmental toxicity of K. coccinea consumption and explain underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish were applied to assess LC50 values of hydroethanol extract (KCH) and water extract (KCW) of Kadsura coccinea. In further study, three concentrations groups of KCH (3.75, 7.5 and 15 μg/mL for embryo, 7.5, 15 and 30 μg/mL for larvae) and control group (n = 30) were administered. At specific stages of zebrafish development, spontaneous movement, hatching rate, etc., were measured. Gene expressions related to developmental toxicity were examined. RESULTS The LC50 value of KCH (24 or 45 μg/mL) was lower than KCW (1447 or 2011 μg/mL) in embryos or larvae. The inhibited spontaneous movement (20%), hatching rate (20%), body length (12%) and eye area (30%) were observed after KCH treatment. Moreover, the decreased liver areas (25%) and fluorescence intensity (33%), increased ALT (37%) and AST levels (42%) were found in larvae treated with KCH (30 μg/mL). The increased ROS (89%), MDA concentrations (30%), apoptosis generation (62%) and decreased T-SOD activity (16%) were also observed. The represented genes of developmental hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish were activated after KCH (15 or 30 μg/mL) treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that KCH has developmental toxicity on zebrafish. Our study provides a scientific basis for further research on the toxicity of Kadsura coccinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshang Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhangmei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yanting Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Man Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Effects of MP Polyethylene Microparticles on Microbiome and Inflammatory Response of Larval Zebrafish. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030055. [PMID: 32796641 PMCID: PMC7560425 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plastic polymers have quickly become one of the most abundant materials on Earth due to their low production cost and high versatility. Unfortunately, some of the discarded plastic can make its way into the environment and become fragmented into smaller microscopic particles, termed secondary microplastics (MP). In addition, primary MP, purposely manufactured microscopic plastic particles, can also make their way into our environment via various routes. Owing to their size and resilience, these MP can then be easily ingested by living organisms. The effect of MP particles on living organisms is suspected to have negative implications, especially during early development. In this study, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP ingestion for four and ten days of exposure starting at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). In particular, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP exposure on resting metabolic rate, on gene expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress linked genes, and on microbiome composition between treatments. Overall, we found no evidence of broad metabolic disturbances or inflammatory markers in MP-exposed fish for either period of time. However, there was a significant increase in the oxidative stress mediator L-FABP that occurred at 15 dpf. Furthermore, the microbiome was disrupted by MP exposure, with evidence of an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes in MP fish, a combination frequently found in intestinal pathologies. Thus, it appears that acute polyethylene MP exposure can increase oxidative stress and dysbiosis, which may render the animal more susceptible to diseases.
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Derikvandy A, Pourkhabbaz HR, Banaee M, Sureda A, Haghi N, Pourkhabbaz AR. Genotoxicity and oxidative damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to effluent from ethyl alcohol industry. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126609. [PMID: 32443256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the toxicological effect of untreated wastewater from of ethyl alcohol industry was evaluated on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) under experimental conditions. Fish were treated with zero, half, one and two percent of sewage effluent for 21 days. Toxic effects were monitored in liver by determining biochemical indicators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the expression of genes involved in the detoxification. Results showed that Sod1, Gstp-1a, Gpx1a gene expressions were significantly increased in the hepatocytes after 21 days at 2.0% sewage exposure. Sewage exposure also significantly increased Gsr, Ces2 and Cyp1a, Mt1 and Mt2 gene expression in the hepatocytes of zebrafish as compared to the reference group (P < 0.01). Total cellular antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in fish exposed to 1 and 2% of sewage were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01), whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was only increased in fish exposed to 2% sewage (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) activity in fish exposed to 2% effluent was found (P < 0.01). Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in zebrafish exposed to all concentrations of effluent. The transcriptional analysis of the detoxification-related genes and the changes in the biochemical indicators evidenced that drainage of sewage effluents from the ethyl alcohol company is a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals in the Khorram-Rood River. These results will contribute to further study on the impact of sewage effluents of the alcohol industry on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Derikvandy
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Mottola F, Scudiero N, Iovine C, Santonastaso M, Rocco L. Protective activity of ellagic acid in counteract oxidative stress damage in zebrafish embryonic development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110642. [PMID: 32311610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During its development, embryo is easily susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Evidence demonstrate protective role of the antioxidants, improving both cellular growth and embryonic development. Among these, ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogen properties. The aim of this work was to assess in vitro the protective and anti-genotoxic role of EA during Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryonic development. For the study, zebrafish embryos were treated with H2O2 (15 μM, 30 μM and 45 μM) to simulate an oxidative damage, and with EA (2.5 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM) for 8, 20, 24, 48, 96 hpf (hours post fertilization). Vitality rate, alterations in the morphology and behavior of the larvae and the genomic stability were analyzed. The exposure to H2O2 caused genotoxicity for all exposure times. The incubation in 45 μM H2O2 and 30 μM H2O2 resulted in increased mortality rate of the larvae, as well as 10 mM EA. The co-exposure was performed using to 15 μM H2O2 and 2.5 mM and 5 mM EA and it demonstrated the EA capacity to protect the embryo DNA and development from the oxidative insult. Particularly, the co-exposure to 15 mM H2O2 and 5 mM EA showed an increase in the embryo survival rate and absence of alterations in morphology and behavior at 96 hpf. Interestingly, we observed a higher genomic stability at 8h and 20h co-exposure (15 mM H2O2 and 5 mM EA) time. The decline observed in ROS concentration for both exposure times confirmed the observation. In conclusion, EA protects the zebrafish embryonic development from DNA oxidative damage increasing the embryo survival rate and improving morphological parameters of the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Nunzia Scudiero
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Iovine
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Marianna Santonastaso
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Facile Fabrication of Composite Scaffolds for Long-Term Controlled Dual Drug Release. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3927860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tuberculosis (TB) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to present a formidable challenge to humans. To effectively cure serious bone TB, a novel kind of composite scaffolds with long-term dual drug release behaviours were prepared to satisfy the needs of both bone regeneration and antituberculosis drug therapy. In virtue of an improved O/W emulsion technique, water-soluble isoniazid (INH)-loaded gelatin microparticles were obtained by tailoring the content of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which played significant roles in INH entrapment efficiency and drug release behaviours. By mixing with the poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (b-PLGC) solution containing oil-soluble rifampicin (RFP) via the particle leaching combined with phase separation technique, the dual drugs-loaded composite scaffolds were fabricated, which possessed interconnected porous structures and achieved the steady release of INH and RFP drugs for three months. Moreover, this dual drugs-loaded system could basically achieve their expectant roles of respective drugs without obvious influences with each other. This strategy on preparation of intelligent composite scaffolds with the multi-drugs loading capacity and controlled long-term release behaviour will be potential and promising substrates in clinical treatment of bone tuberculosis.
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24
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Baumann L, Holbech H, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Moissl AP, Hennies M, Tiedemann J, Weltje L, Segner H, Braunbeck T. Does hepatotoxicity interfere with endocrine activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124589. [PMID: 31437630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG), a well-established biomarker for the diagnosis of endocrine activity in fish, is used in multiple OECD test guidelines (TG) to identify activities of chemicals on hormonal pathways. However, the synthesis of VTG may not only be modified by typical endocrine-related pathways, but also through non-endocrine-mediated processes. In particular, hepatotoxicity, i.e. toxicant-induced impairment of liver structure and function, might influence VTG as a biomarker, since VTG is synthesized in hepatocytes. An intimate understanding of the interplay between endocrine-related and non-endocrine-related pathways influencing VTG production is crucial for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses in hazard assessment for regulatory purposes of chemical compounds. In order to investigate whether hepatotoxicity may interfere with hepatic VTG synthesis, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three well-known hepatotoxicants, acetaminophen, isoniazid and acetylsalicylic acid, according to OECD TG 230. Various hepatotoxicity- and endocrine system-related endpoints were recorded: mRNA expression of selected endocrine- and hepatotoxicity-related marker genes in the liver; VTG levels in head/tail homogenates; and liver histopathology. All three test compounds induced significant, but mild single cell necrosis of hepatocytes and transcriptional changes of hepatotoxicity-related marker genes, thus confirming hepatotoxic effects. A positive correlation between hepatotoxicity and reduced hepatic VTG synthesis was not observed, with the single exception of a weak increase in female zebrafish exposed to APAP. This suggests that - in studies conducted according to OECD TG 229 or 230 - it is unlikely that hepatotoxic chemicals will interfere with the hepatic capacity for VTG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Hennies
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Janina Tiedemann
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer Strasse 2, D-67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Isoniazid promotes the anti-inflammatory response in zebrafish associated with regulation of the PPARγ/NF-κB/AP-1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 316:108928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Tian S, Teng M, Meng Z, Yan S, Jia M, Li R, Liu L, Yan J, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Toxicity effects in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by prothioconazole. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113269. [PMID: 31574395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used in agriculture production and have adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. As one of the triazole fungicides, prothioconazole has been reported to cause many toxicological effects, but its risks to aquatic organisms are unknown. In this study, we systematically explored the toxicity effects of prothioconazole exposure on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) involving in developmental toxicity, oxidative damage and metabolism disorders. The results showed that prothioconazole exposure to zebrafish embryos produced a series of toxic symptoms, including hatching inhibition, shortening of body length, pericardial cyst and yolk cyst. In addition, prothioconazole exposure caused significant lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. Particularly, we also found that metabolites and genes involved in lipid metabolism also showed significant changes. This study may provide theoretical basis for systematically assessing the potential risks of zebrafish embryos with prothioconazole exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuo Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Mu Y, Yu J, Ji W, Chen L, Wang X, Yan B. Alleviation of Pb 2+ pollution-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in microglial cells and zebrafish larvae by chicoric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:396-402. [PMID: 31108416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ pollution and poisoning are serious environmental and pharmacological concerns. The World Health Organization reported that Pb has resulted in 540,000 deaths in 2016 alone. Therefore, effective drugs or supplements that can alleviate or offset Pb2+-induced toxicity are badly needed. Through screening biocompatible natural compounds, we discovered that chicoric acid exhibited potent protective activities against Pb2+-induced toxicity both in BV-2 microglial cells and in zebrafish from the first days of development. Chicoric acid was able to reduce Pb2+-induced increases in levels of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor alpha, restoring the cell cycle in BV-2 cells. In the zebrafish model, chicoric acid significantly alleviated the Pb2+-induced serious mortality and malformation of zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. These protective activities of chicoric acid were mainly from its alleviation of Pb2+-induced dysregulation of oxidative response pathways, including key genes such as Aox1, Gclm, Hmox1, Nqo1, Scd1, and Srxn1, as well as HO-1 protein. Since Pb2+ is difficult to be completely eliminated from the body and chelating agents may cause serious adverse effects, chicoric acid is likely a potential supplement therapy, in addition to current clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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28
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Yoon DS, Park JC, Park HG, Lee JS, Han J. Effects of atrazine on life parameters, oxidative stress, and ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105213. [PMID: 31200332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely used pesticide which acts as an endocrine disruptor in various organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate adverse effects of atrazine on life parameters, oxidative stress, and ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. In T. japonicus, no mortality was shown in response to atrazine up to 20 mg/L in acute toxicity assessment. In nauplii, retardation in the growth and prolonged molting and metamorphosis resulted under chronic exposure of atrazine at 20 mg/L. In addition, body sizes of T. japonicus nauplii were significantly decreased (P < 0.01 in length and P < 0.001 in width) in response to 20 mg/L of atrazine. Furthermore, atrazine induced oxidative stress by the generation of reactive oxygen species at all concentrations compared to the control in the nauplii. Also, significant increase in glutathione-S transferase activity was observed in adult T. japonicus at low concentration of atrazine. To understand effects of atrazine on ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway-involved genes (e.g., neverland, CYP307E1, CYP306A1, CYP302A1, CYP3022A1 [CYP315A1], CYP314A1, and CYP18D1) were examined with mRNA expressions of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) in response to 20 mg/L atrazine in nauplii and adults. In the nauplii, these genes were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) in response to atrazine, compared to the control but not in the adult T. japonicus. These results suggest that atrazine can interfere in vivo life parameters by oxidative stress-induced retrogression and ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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29
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Jia ZL, Cen J, Wang JB, Zhang F, Xia Q, Wang X, Chen XQ, Wang RC, Hsiao CD, Liu KC, Zhang Y. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae: Activation of ROS-mediated ERS, apoptosis and the Nrf2 pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:541-550. [PMID: 31004821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. INH has been detected in surface waters which may create a risk to aquatic organisms. In this study, the hepatotoxicity of INH was elucidated using zebrafish. The liver morphology, transaminase level, redox-related enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and mRNA levels of liver injury-related genes were measured. The results showed that INH (4, 6 mM) significantly caused liver atrophy and increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in zebrafish. INH (6 mM) led to decreased catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) content but increased ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, INH (6 mM) decreased expression levels of miR-122 and pparα but increased mRNA levels of ap-1 and c-jun. Furthermore, mRNA levels of factors related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) (grp78, atf6, perk, ire1, xbp1s and chop), apoptosis (bax, cyt, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9) and the Nrf2 signalling pathway (nrf2, ho-1, nqo1, gclm and gclc) were significantly upregulated. INH may act on hepatotoxicity in zebrafish by increasing ROS content, which weakens the antioxidant capacity, leading to ERS, cell apoptosis and liver injury. In addition, the Nrf2 signalling pathway is activated as a stress compensation mechanism during INH-induced liver injury, but it is not sufficient to counteract INH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Jia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Beijing 302 Hospital of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xi-Qiang Chen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Rong-Chun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chung-der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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30
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Liang X, Adamovsky O, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Biological effects of the benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers UV-234 and UV-320 in early-staged zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:272-281. [PMID: 30439637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs), UV-234 and UV-320 are frequently detected in aquatic ecosystem. Despite the fact that these chemicals are present in low ng/L levels in surface water, they show high bio-accumulation potential and pose exposure risks to aquatic organisms. However, there are limited toxicological data available in fish. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM UV-234 or UV-320 for up to 6 days. Developmental toxicity as well as effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics, immune system responses, and locomotor activity in zebrafish were measured. After UV-234 treatment (0.1-1 μM), hatching time of embryos was increased compared to controls. There was also a ∼20-40% reduction in non-mitochondrial respiration and oligomycin-dependent mitochondrial respiration in embryos treated with 1 μM UV-234 for 24 and 48 h respectively; conversely basal respiration and non-mitochondrial respiration were increased ∼20-30% in embryos treated with 1 μM UV-320 at 48 h. Transcript levels of sod1 were down-regulated with BUVSs while sod2 mRNA was highly up-regulated with both UV-234 and UV-320, suggesting an oxidative damage response. Considering that mitochondrial signaling regulates innate immune pathways, we measured the expression of immune related transcripts (tlr5a, tlr5b, mmp9, il8, tnfa, cxcl-C1c, nfkb1, and ifng). Of these, only il8 and cxcl-C1c mRNA were decreased in response to 0.1 μM UV-320. To associate early molecular events with behavior, locomotor activity was assessed. UV-234 reduced larval activity in a dark photokinesis assay by ∼15%, however behavioral responses at environmentally-relevant concentrations of BUVSs were not consistent across experiments nor BUVSs. These data suggest that BUVSs can perturb mitochondrial bioenergetics, embryonic development, and locomotor activity of zebrafish, but these responses appear to be dose-, time- and BUVSs dependent, suggesting these chemicals may have unique modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a global health burden. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which afflicts around one third of the world's population and costs around 1.3 million people their lives every year. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is inefficient to prevent overt infection. Additionally, the lengthy inconvenient course of treatment, along with the raising issue of antimicrobial resistance, result in incomplete eradication of this infectious disease. The lack of proper animal models that replicate the latent and active courses of human tuberculosis infection remains one of the main reasons behind the poor advancement in tuberculosis research. Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, is catching more attention as an animal model in tuberculosis research field. This shift is based on the histological and pathological similarities between Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Being small, cheap, transparent, and easy to handle have added further advantages to the use of zebrafish model. Besides better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum infected zebrafish model is useful for evaluating novel vaccines against human tuberculosis, high throughput small molecule screening, repurposing established drugs with possible antitubercular activity, and assessing novel antituberculars for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Nada Al Hasawi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kuwait University , Kuwait , State of Kuwait
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Rangasamy B, Hemalatha D, Shobana C, Nataraj B, Ramesh M. Developmental toxicity and biological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:423-433. [PMID: 30243208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is widely used in over-the-counter to treat pain, swelling and inflammation. Due to extensive application these drugs has been detected in surface waters which may create a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study is to assess the ecotoxicity of ketoprofen at different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) on embryos and adult zebrafish (1, 10 and 100 μg L-1) under laboratory conditions. In embryos, concentration dependent developmental changes such as edema, spinal curvature, slow heartbeat, delayed hatching, and mortality rate were observed. In adult zebrafish, biochemical enzymes such as AST, ALT and LDH activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased whereas a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity was noticed in all the tested concentrations of the drug ketoprofen. Similarly, exposure of ketoprofen caused a significant decrease in antioxidant levels in liver tissue (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and GST). However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in liver tissue was found to be increased. The histopathological studies further evidenced the impact of ketoprofen in the liver tissue of zebrafish. The present result concludes that ketoprofen could have an impact on the development and biological endpoints of the zebra fish at above concentrations. The malformation in the development of the embryo and changes in the biological end points may provide integrated evaluation of the toxic effect of ketoprofen on zebrafish in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li J, Han L, He Q, Wang R, Wang X, Liu K. Developmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 through endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy pathway in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:611-621. [PMID: 29407824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the mechanism underlying the developmental toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and provide a more thorough understanding of the toxicity of PM2.5 in an ecological environment. Zebrafish embryos at 4 h post-fertilization were exposed to PM2.5 at doses of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800 μg/mL for 120 h. The mortality, hatching rate, morphology score, body length, locomotor capacity, histological changes, antioxidant defense system, leukocyte migration, inflammation-related gene mRNA expression, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy were evaluated to study PM2.5-induced developmental toxicity and its underlying mechanisms. PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the mortality and malformations and reduced the hatching rate and body length of the zebrafish. PM2.5 significantly reduced the locomotor capacity of zebrafish larvae, increased the levels of ROS and disturbed the antioxidant defense system in zebrafish larvae. In addition, a histological examination showed that the heart, liver, intestines and muscle of the PM2.5-treated zebrafish exhibited abnormal changes and a significant increase in cellular autophagic accumulation. RT-PCR showed that the expression of genes related to inflammation (tgfβ and cox2), ERS (hspa5, chop, ire1, xbp1s, and atf6) and autophagy (lc3, beclin1 and atg3) pathways was significantly increased in the PM2.5-treated zebrafish, indicating that PM2.5 induced inflammation and promoted ERS and autophagy responses via the activation of the IRE1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways. Together, our data indicate that PM2.5 induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Additionally, ERS and autophagy may play important roles in PM2.5-induced developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Saiyu Li
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, 19 Keyuan Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannan Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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