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Lee JH, Shin SJ, Lee JH, Knowles JC, Lee HH, Kim HW. Adaptive immunity of materials: Implications for tissue healing and regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:499-522. [PMID: 39206299 PMCID: PMC11350271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent cumulative findings signify the adaptive immunity of materials as a key agenda in tissue healing that can improve regenerative events and outcomes. Modulating immune responses, mainly the recruitment and functions of T and B cells and their further interplay with innate immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages) can be orchestrated by materials. For instance, decellularized matrices have been shown to promote muscle healing by inducing T helper 2 (Th2) cell immunity, while synthetic biopolymers exhibit differential effects on B cell responses and fibrosis compared decellularized matrices. We discuss the recent findings on how implantable materials instruct the adaptive immune events and the subsequent tissue healing process. In particular, we dissect the materials' physicochemical properties (shape, size, topology, degradation, rigidity, and matrix dynamic mechanics) to demonstrate the relations of these parameters with the adaptive immune responses in vitro and the underlying biological mechanisms. Furthermore, we present evidence of recent in vivo phenomena, including tissue healing, cancer progression, and fibrosis, wherein biomaterials potentially shape adaptive immune cell functions and in vivo outcomes. Our discussion will help understand the materials-regulated immunology events more deeply, and offer the design rationale of materials with tunable matrix properties for accelerated tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Taritsa IC, Jagasia PM, Boctor M, Kim JY, Fracol M. Breast Implant Silicones and B Cell-Mediated Immune Responses: A Systematic Review of Literature. JPRAS Open 2024; 41:353-367. [PMID: 39188658 PMCID: PMC11345937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast implants are under recent scrutiny owing to concerns about their potential for inducing immunological diseases, namely breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and breast implant illness. However, the impact of silicone on biologic systems remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the information available on silicone breast implants and their effect on one arm of the adaptive immune response-B lymphocytes and antibody formation. Methods We conducted a systematic review in EMBASE/PUBMED in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, with search entry terms requiring discussion of silicone and immunity. The initial review returned 1079 citations. Manual screening was performed to include studies that were specific to the humoral response after exposure to silicone. Secondary full text review was performed. The extracted data included animal models and findings pertinent to B cells/antibodies in response to breast implant silicones. Results In total, 39 studies on B cells/antibodies and breast-implant-associated silicones were identified. Among them, 23 studies were in humans, 14 in animal models, and 2 were in vitro. Common themes included identification of antisilicone antibodies in women with breast implants, anticollagen antibodies, presence of activated B cells or immunoglobulin G in implant capsules, and sensitization of lymphocytes to silicone in vitro. Conclusion Despite controversial findings in the literature, there is evidence that silicone breast implants activate B cells in the breast implant capsule and may have systemic effects on the production of autoantibodies and/or sensitization of B lymphocytes to silicone. Further research is needed on how breast implants impact other arms of the immune system to understand their long-term biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulianna C. Taritsa
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Puja M. Jagasia
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Boctor
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Y.S. Kim
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Megan Fracol
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Pandit S, Agarwalla P, Song F, Jansson A, Dotti G, Brudno Y. Implantable CAR T cell factories enhance solid tumor treatment. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122580. [PMID: 38640784 PMCID: PMC11125516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has produced revolutionary success in hematological cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. Nonetheless, its translation to solid tumors faces challenges due to manufacturing complexities, short-lived in vivo persistence, and transient therapeutic impact. We introduce 'Drydux' - an innovative macroporous biomaterial scaffold designed for rapid, efficient in-situ generation of tumor-specific CAR T cells. Drydux expedites CAR T cell preparation with a mere three-day turnaround from patient blood collection, presenting a cost-effective, streamlined alternative to conventional methodologies. Notably, Drydux-enabled CAR T cells provide prolonged in vivo release, functionality, and enhanced persistence exceeding 150 days, with cells transitioning to memory phenotypes. Unlike conventional CAR T cell therapy, which offered only temporary tumor control, equivalent Drydux cell doses induced lasting tumor remission in various animal tumor models, including systemic lymphoma, peritoneal ovarian cancer, metastatic lung cancer, and orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Drydux's approach holds promise in revolutionizing solid tumor CAR T cell therapy by delivering durable, rapid, and cost-effective treatments and broadening patient accessibility to this groundbreaking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Pandit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Pritha Agarwalla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Feifei Song
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anton Jansson
- Department of Product Development, Production and Design, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yevgeny Brudno
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Wang T, Lu P, Wan Z, He Z, Cheng S, Zhou Y, Liao S, Wang M, Wang T, Shu C. Adaptation process of decellularized vascular grafts as hemodialysis access in vivo. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae029. [PMID: 38638701 PMCID: PMC11026144 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) have emerged as the preferred option for constructing hemodialysis access in numerous patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated that decellularized vascular graft exhibits superior patency and excellent biocompatibility compared to polymer materials; however, it still faces challenges such as intimal hyperplasia and luminal dilation. The absence of suitable animal models hinders our ability to describe and explain the pathological phenomena above and in vivo adaptation process of decellularized vascular graft at the molecular level. In this study, we first collected clinical samples from patients who underwent the construction of dialysis access using allogeneic decellularized vascular graft, and evaluated their histological features and immune cell infiltration status 5 years post-transplantation. Prior to the surgery, we assessed the patency and intimal hyperplasia of the decellularized vascular graft using non-invasive ultrasound. Subsequently, in order to investigate the in vivo adaptation of decellularized vascular grafts in an animal model, we attempted to construct an AVG model using decellularized vascular grafts in a small animal model. We employed a physical-chemical-biological approach to decellularize the rat carotid artery, and histological evaluation demonstrated the successful removal of cellular and antigenic components while preserving extracellular matrix constituents such as elastic fibers and collagen fibers. Based on these results, we designed and constructed the first allogeneic decellularized rat carotid artery AVG model, which exhibited excellent patency and closely resembled clinical characteristics. Using this animal model, we provided a preliminary description of the histological features and partial immune cell infiltration in decellularized vascular grafts at various time points, including Day 7, Day 21, Day 42, and up to one-year post-implantation. These findings establish a foundation for further investigation into the in vivo adaptation process of decellularized vascular grafts in small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zicheng Wan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Sheng Liao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tianjian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Avery D, Morandini L, Gabriec M, Sheakley L, Peralta M, Donahue HJ, Martin RK, Olivares-Navarrete R. Contribution of αβ T cells to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation on titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:605-624. [PMID: 37532133 PMCID: PMC10528595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Physiochemical cues like topography and wettability can impact the inflammatory response and tissue integration after biomaterial implantation. T cells are essential for immunomodulation of innate immune cells and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. This study aimed to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, members of the αβ T cell family, polarize in response to smooth, rough, or rough-hydrophilic titanium (Ti) implants and whether their presence modulates immune cell crosstalk and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment following biomaterial implantation. Post-implantation in mice, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets polarized differentially in response to modified Ti surfaces. Additionally, mice lacking αβ T cells had significantly more pro-inflammatory macrophages, fewer anti-inflammatory macrophages, and reduced MSC recruitment in response to modified Ti post-implantation than αβ T cell -competent mice. Our results demonstrate that T cell activation plays a significant role during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, contributing to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation, and the absence of αβ T cells compromises new bone formation at the implantation site. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: T cells are essential for immunomodulation and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. Our results demonstrate that T cells actively participate during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, controlling macrophage phenotype and recruitment of MSCs to the implantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Melissa Gabriec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Matthieu Peralta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Preclinical Development of Bioengineered Allografts Derived from Decellularized Human Diaphragm. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040739. [PMID: 35453490 PMCID: PMC9031975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is the traumatic/surgical loss of skeletal muscle, causing aesthetic damage and functional impairment. Suboptimal current surgical treatments are driving research towards the development of optimised regenerative therapies. The grafting of bioengineered scaffolds derived from decellularized skeletal muscle may be a valid option to promote structural and functional healing. In this work, a cellular human diaphragm was considered as a scaffold material for VML treatment. Decellularization occurred through four detergent-enzymatic protocols involving (1) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), (2) SDS + TergitolTM, (3) sodium deoxycholate, and (4) TergitolTM. After decellularization, cells, DNA (≤50 ng/mg of tissue), and muscle fibres were efficiently removed, with the preservation of collagen/elastin and 60%–70% of the glycosaminoglycan component. The detergent-enzymatic treatments did not affect the expression of specific extracellular matrix markers (Collagen I and IV, Laminin), while causing the loss of HLA-DR expression to produce non-immunogenic grafts. Adipose-derived stem cells grown by indirect co-culture with decellularized samples maintained 80%–90% viability, demonstrating the biosafety of the scaffolds. Overall, the tested protocols were quite equivalent, with the patches treated by SDS + TergitolTM showing better collagen preservation. After subcutaneous implant in Balb/c mice, these acellular diaphragmatic grafts did not elicit a severe immune reaction, integrating with the host tissue.
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Kyriakides TR, Kim HJ, Zheng C, Harkins L, Tao W, Deschenes E. Foreign body response to synthetic polymer biomaterials and the role of adaptive immunity. Biomed Mater 2022; 17:10.1088/1748-605X/ac5574. [PMID: 35168213 PMCID: PMC9159526 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implanted biomaterials elicit a series of distinct immune and repair-like responses that are collectively known as the foreign body reaction (FBR). These include processes involving innate immune inflammatory cells and wound repair cells that contribute to the encapsulation of biomaterials with a dense collagenous and largely avascular capsule. Numerous studies have shown that the early phase is dominated by macrophages that fuse to form foreign body giant cells that are considered a hallmark of the FBR. With the advent of more precise cell characterization techniques, specific macrophage subsets have been identified and linked to more or less favorable outcomes. Moreover, studies comparing synthetic- and natural-based polymer biomaterials have allowed the identification of macrophage subtypes that distinguish between fibrotic and regenerative responses. More recently, cells associated with adaptive immunity have been shown to participate in the FBR to synthetic polymers. This suggests the existence of cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune cells that depends on the nature of the implants. However, the exact participation of adaptive immune cells, such as T and B cells, remains unclear. In fact, contradictory studies suggest either the independence or dependence of the FBR on these cells. Here, we review the evidence for the involvement of adaptive immunity in the FBR to synthetic polymers with a focus on cellular and molecular components. In addition, we examine the possibility that such biomaterials induce specific antibody responses resulting in the engagement of adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis R. Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405,Department of Pathology, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program. Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
| | - Hyun-Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
| | - Christy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
| | - Lauren Harkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
| | - Wanyun Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
| | - Emily Deschenes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University. New Haven CT 06405
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T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:17-33. [PMID: 33905946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.
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Maring JA, Becker M, Tung WT, Stamm C, Ma N, Lendlein A. Cellular response of blood-borne immune cells to PEEU fiber meshes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:205-216. [PMID: 34487031 DOI: 10.3233/ch-219114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymeric materials have been widely used as artificial grafts in cardiovascular applications. These polymeric implants can elicit a detrimental innate and adaptive immune response after interacting with peripheral blood. A surface modification with components from extracellular matrices (ECM) may minimize the activation of immune cells from peripheral blood. The aim of this study is to compare the cellular response of blood-born immune cells to the fiber meshes from polyesteretherurethane (PEEUm) and PEEUm with ECM coating (PEEUm + E). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electrospun PEEUm were used as-is or coated with human cardiac ECM. Different immune cells were isolated form human peripheral blood. Cytokine release profile from naïve and activated monocytes was assessed. Macrophage polarization and T cell proliferation, as indication of immune response were evaluated. RESULTS There was no increase in cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) from activated monocytes, macrophages and mononuclear cells on PEEUm; neither upon culturing on PEEUm + E. Naïve monocytes showed increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, which were not present on PEEUm + E. There was no difference on monocyte derived macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 on PEEUm and PEEUm + E. Moreover, T cell proliferation was not increased upon interacting with PEEUm directly. CONCLUSION As PEEUm only elicits a minimal response from naïve monocytes but not from monocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or T cells, the slight improvement in response to PEEUm + E might not justify the additional effort of coating with a human ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita A Maring
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany
| | | | - Wing Tai Tung
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christof Stamm
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Singhatanadgit W, Toso M, Pratheepsawangwong B, Pimpin A, Srituravanich W. Titanium dioxide nanotubes of defined diameter enhance mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via JNK- and ERK-dependent up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 by T lymphocytes. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:997-1010. [PMID: 30757966 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218816565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term clinical success of a titanium implant not only depends upon osseointegration between implant and bone surface but also on the response of host immune cells. Following implantation of biomaterials, an inflammatory response, including T lymphocyte response, is ostensibly initiated by implant-cell interaction. However, little is known about the responses of T lymphocytes to titanium dioxide nanotubes. The present study aimed to explore the effect of titanium dioxide nanotubes on T lymphocytes in vitro and its biological consequences. The results of the present study showed that titanium dioxide nanotubes with diameter of 30-105 nm were non-cytotoxic to T lymphocytes, and the 105 nm titanium dioxide nanotube surface specifically possessed an ability to activate T lymphocytes, thus increasing DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition, the 105 nm titanium dioxide nanotubes significantly activated the expression of FGF-2 gene and protein in T lymphocytes although smaller nanotubes (i.e. those with diameters of approximately 30 and 70 nm) had little effect on this. The present study investigated the mechanism by which 105 nm nanotubes stimulated FGF-2 expression in T lymphocytes by blocking key MAPK pathways. The inhibitors of JNK1/2/3 and ERK1/2 significantly inhibited 105 nm titanium dioxide nanotubes-induced FGF-2 expression. Corresponding to the increased expression of FGF-2, only the supernatant from T lymphocytes cultured on 105 nm nanotubes stimulated human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. FGF-2 blocking antibody partially reversed the increased proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, supporting the role of T lymphocyte-derived FGF-2 in enhanced human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. This suggests a significant role of T lymphocyte-titanium dioxide nanotube interaction in the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, which is pivotal to the formation of new bone following implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montree Toso
- 1 Craniofacial Reconstruction Cluster, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | | | - Alongkorn Pimpin
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Werayut Srituravanich
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
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12
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Biomaterials: Foreign Bodies or Tuners for the Immune Response? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030636. [PMID: 30717232 PMCID: PMC6386828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to recover the functionality of damaged organs and tissues. In this scenario, the cellular and molecular events that decide on implant success and tissue regeneration are played at the interface between the foreign body and the host inflammation, determined by innate and adaptive immune responses. To avoid adverse events, rather than the use of inert scaffolds, current state of the art points to the use of immunomodulatory biomaterials and their knowledge-based use to reduce neutrophil activation, and optimize M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, Th1 to Th2 lymphocyte switch, and Treg induction. Despite the fact that the field is still evolving and much remains to be accomplished, recent research breakthroughs have provided a broader insight on the correct choice of biomaterial physicochemical modifications to tune the reaction of the host immune system to implanted biomaterial and to favor integration and healing.
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13
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Piscopo NJ, Mueller KP, Das A, Hematti P, Murphy WL, Palecek SP, Capitini CM, Saha K. Bioengineering Solutions for Manufacturing Challenges in CAR T Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:10.1002/biot.201700095. [PMID: 28840981 PMCID: PMC5796845 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The next generation of therapeutic products to be approved for the clinic is anticipated to be cell therapies, termed "living drugs" for their capacity to dynamically and temporally respond to changes during their production ex vivo and after their administration in vivo. Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have rapidly developed into powerful tools to harness the power of immune system manipulation against cancer. Regulatory agencies are beginning to approve CAR T cell therapies due to their striking efficacy in treating some hematological malignancies. However, the engineering and manufacturing of such cells remains a challenge for widespread adoption of this technology. Bioengineering approaches including biomaterials, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, process control and automation, and in vitro disease modeling could offer promising methods to overcome some of these challenges. Here, we describe the manufacturing process of CAR T cells, highlighting potential roles for bioengineers to partner with biologists and clinicians to advance the manufacture of these complex cellular products under rigorous regulatory and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Piscopo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine P Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amritava Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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A Cell-Adhesive Plasma Polymerized Allylamine Coating Reduces the In Vivo Inflammatory Response Induced by Ti6Al4V Modified with Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation of Copper. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8030030. [PMID: 28726761 PMCID: PMC5618281 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) could be suitable to create anti-infective implants based on Titanium (Ti), for example by incorporating Cu into the implant surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (Cu-PIII). The cytotoxicity of Cu might be circumvented by an additional cell-adhesive plasma polymerized allylamine film (PPAAm). Thus, this study aimed to examine in vivo local inflammatory reactions for Ti6Al4V implants treated with Cu-PIII (Ti-Cu), alone or with an additional PPAAm film (Ti-Cu-PPAAm), compared to untreated implants (Ti). Successful Cu-PIII and PPAAm treatment was confirmed with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Storage of Ti-Cu and Ti-Cu-PPAAm samples in double-distilled water for five days revealed a reduction of Cu release by PPAAm. Subsequently, Ti, Ti-Cu and Ti-Cu-PPAAm samples were simultaneously implanted into the neck musculature of 24 rats. After 7, 14 and 56 days, peri-implant tissue was retrieved from 8 rats/day for morphometric immunohistochemistry of different inflammatory cells. On day 56, Ti-Cu induced significantly stronger reactions compared to Ti (tissue macrophages, antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes) and to Ti-Cu-PPAAm (tissue macrophages, T lymphocytes, mast cells). The response for Ti-Cu-PPAAm was comparable with Ti. In conclusion, PPAAm reduced the inflammatory reactions caused by Cu-PIII. Combining both plasma processes could be useful to create antibacterial and tissue compatible Ti-based implants.
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15
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Abstract
Implanted biomaterials often fail because they elicit a foreign body response (FBR) and concomitant fibrotic encapsulation. To design clinically relevant interference approaches, it is crucial to first examine the FBR mechanisms. Here, we report the development and validation of infrared-excited nonlinear microscopy to resolve the three-dimensional (3D) organization and fate of 3D-electrospun scaffolds implanted deep into the skin of mice, and the following step-wise FBR process. We observed that immigrating myeloid cells (predominantly macrophages of the M1 type) engaged and became immobilized along the scaffold/tissue interface, before forming multinucleated giant cells. Both macrophages and giant cells locally produced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which initiated and maintained an immature neovessel network, followed by formation of a dense collagen capsule 2-4 weeks post-implantation. Elimination of the macrophage/giant-cell compartment by clodronate and/or neutralization of VEGF by VEGF Trap significantly diminished giant-cell accumulation, neovascularization and fibrosis. Our findings identify macrophages and giant cells as incendiaries of the fibrotic encapsulation of engrafted biomaterials via VEGF release and neovascularization, and therefore as targets for therapy.
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16
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Korley JN, Yazdi S, McHugh K, Kirk J, Anderson J, Putnam D. One-step synthesis, biodegradation and biocompatibility of polyesters based on the metabolic synthon, dihydroxyacetone. Biomaterials 2016; 98:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Vigneswaran Y, Han H, De Loera R, Wen Y, Zhang X, Sun T, Mora-Solano C, Collier JH. This paper is the winner of an SFB Award in the Hospital Intern, Residency category: Peptide biomaterials raising adaptive immune responses in wound healing contexts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1853-62. [PMID: 27129604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials used in the context of tissue engineering or wound repair are commonly designed to be "nonimmunogenic." However, previously it has been observed that self-assembled peptide nanofiber materials are noninflammatory despite their immunogenicity, suggesting that they may be appropriate for use in wound-healing contexts. To test this hypothesis, mice were immunized with epitope-containing peptide self-assemblies until they maintained high antibody titers against the material, then gels of the same peptide assemblies were applied within full-thickness dermal wounds. In three different murine dermal-wounding models with different baseline healing rates, even significantly immunogenic peptide assemblies did not delay healing. Conversely, adjuvanted peptide assemblies, while raising similar antibody titers to unadjuvanted assemblies, did delay wound healing. Analysis of the healing wounds indicated that compared to adjuvanted peptide assemblies, the unadjuvanted assemblies exhibited a progression of the dominant T-cell subset from CD4(+) to CD8(+) cells in the wound, and CD4(+) cell populations displayed a more Th2-slanted response. These findings illustrate an example of a significant antibiomaterial adaptive immune response that does not adversely affect wound healing despite ongoing antibody production. This material would thus be considered "immunologically compatible" in this specific context rather than "nonimmunogenic," a designation that is expected to apply to a range of other protein- and peptide-based biomaterials in wound-healing and tissue-engineering applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1853-1862, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yi Wen
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Santos TC, Reis RL, Marques AP. Can host reaction animal models be used to predict and modulate skin regeneration? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Santos
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Taipas, and ICVS-3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Taipas, and ICVS-3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - A. P. Marques
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Taipas, and ICVS-3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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19
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Innate Immunity and Biomaterials at the Nexus: Friends or Foes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:342304. [PMID: 26247017 PMCID: PMC4515263 DOI: 10.1155/2015/342304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial implants are an established part of medical practice, encompassing a broad range of devices that widely differ in function and structural composition. However, one common property amongst biomaterials is the induction of the foreign body response: an acute sterile inflammatory reaction which overlaps with tissue vascularisation and remodelling and ultimately fibrotic encapsulation of the biomaterial to prevent further interaction with host tissue. Severity and clinical manifestation of the biomaterial-induced foreign body response are different for each biomaterial, with cases of incompatibility often associated with loss of function. However, unravelling the mechanisms that progress to the formation of the fibrotic capsule highlights the tightly intertwined nature of immunological responses to a seemingly noncanonical “antigen.” In this review, we detail the pathways associated with the foreign body response and describe possible mechanisms of immune involvement that can be targeted. We also discuss methods of modulating the immune response by altering the physiochemical surface properties of the biomaterial prior to implantation. Developments in these areas are reliant on reproducible and effective animal models and may allow a “combined” immunomodulatory approach of adapting surface properties of biomaterials, as well as treating key immune pathways to ultimately reduce the negative consequences of biomaterial implantation.
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20
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Chamberlain LM, Holt-Casper D, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Grainger DW. Extended culture of macrophages from different sources and maturation results in a common M2 phenotype. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2864-74. [PMID: 25684281 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses to biomaterials heavily influence the environment surrounding implanted devices, often producing foreign-body reactions. The macrophage is a key immunomodulatory cell type consistently associated with implanted biomaterials and routinely used in short-term in vitro cell studies of biomaterials aiming to reproduce host responses. Inconsistencies within these studies, including differently sourced cells, different durations of culture, and assessment of different activation markers, lead to many conflicting results in vitro that confound consistency and conclusions. We hypothesize that different experimentally popular monocyte-macrophage cell types have intrinsic in vitro culture-specific differences that yield conflicting results. Recent studies demonstrate changes in cultured macrophage cytokine expression over time, leading to the hypothesis that changes in macrophage phenotype also occur in response to extended culture. Here, macrophage cells of different transformed and primary-derived origins were cultured for 21 days on model polymer biomaterials. Cell type-based differences in morphology and cytokine/chemokine expression as well as changes in cell surface biomarkers associated with differentiation stage, activation state, and adhesion were compared. Results reflect consistent macrophage development toward an M2 phenotype via up-regulation of the macrophage mannose receptor for all cell types following 21-day extended culture. Significantly, implanted biomaterials experiencing the foreign-body response and encapsulation in vivo often elicit a shift toward an analogous M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro "default" of macrophage cultures, regardless of lineage, to this M2 state in the presence of biomaterials at long culture periods is not recognized, but has important implications to in vitro modeling of in vivo host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Chamberlain
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112-5820
| | - Dolly Holt-Casper
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112-5820
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112-5820.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112-5820
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21
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Trindade R, Albrektsson T, Tengvall P, Wennerberg A. Foreign Body Reaction to Biomaterials: On Mechanisms for Buildup and Breakdown of Osseointegration. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 18:192-203. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Trindade
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Tomas Albrektsson
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Göteborg University; Göteborg Sweden
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Pentti Tengvall
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Göteborg University; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Head of Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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22
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Sheng L, Yu Q, Xie F, Li Q. Foreign body response induced by tissue expander implantation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:872-6. [PMID: 24378398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) is described as the host's response to implanted biomaterials, which involves a complex cascade of immune modulators. The dynamic changes of immune cells, inflammatory cytokines and the formation of a fibrous capsule remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a model of subcutaneous implantation of a tissue expander was used. The results revealed that macrophages, the main immune cells in FBR, infiltrated into the expanded tissue and located at the tissue‑material interface from day 1‑90. Following the decrease of the number of macrophages, collagen deposited and fibroblasts transformed into myofibroblasts at the tissue‑material interface, leading to the formation of a fibrous capsule from day 14. The persistent existing macrophages led to a high expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β, both of which initiated the NK-κB and JNK inflammatory pathways, mediating the FBR to tissue expander implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Sheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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23
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Microdialysis sampling techniques applied to studies of the foreign body reaction. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 57:74-86. [PMID: 24269987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implanted materials including drug delivery devices and chemical sensors undergo what is termed the foreign body reaction (FBR). Depending on the device and its intended application, the FBR can have differing consequences. An extensive scientific research effort has been devoted to elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the FBR. Important, yet relatively unexplored, research includes the localized tissue biochemistry and the chemical signaling events that occur throughout the FBR. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of the FBR, describes how the FBR affects different implanted devices, and illustrates the role that microdialysis sampling can play in further elucidating the chemical communication processes that drive FBR outcomes.
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24
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Hoene A, Prinz C, Walschus U, Lucke S, Patrzyk M, Wilhelm L, Neumann HG, Schlosser M. In vivo evaluation of copper release and acute local tissue reactions after implantation of copper-coated titanium implants in rats. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:035009. [PMID: 23598370 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/3/035009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) based coatings can reduce infections for titanium (Ti) implants. However, Cu is also cytotoxic. To examine the balance of antibacterial versus adverse tissue effects, this study aimed at evaluating a Cu coating regarding in vivo Cu release and local inflammatory reactions for 72 h. TiAl6V4 plates received either plasma electrolytic oxidation only (Ti), or an additional galvanic Cu deposition (Ti-Cu). No Staphylococcus aureus were found in vitro on Ti-Cu after 24 h. Following simultaneous intramuscular implantation of two Ti and two Ti-Cu plates into nine rats, serum Cu was elevated until 48 h and residual Cu on explanted samples reduced accordingly after 48 h. Total and tissue macrophages around implants increased until 72 h for both series, and were increased for Ti-Cu. As numbers of total and tissue macrophages were comparable, macrophages were probably tissue-derived. MHC-class-II-positive cells increased for Ti-Cu only. T-lymphocytes had considerably lower numbers than macrophages, did not increase or differ between both series, and thus had minor importance. Tissue reactions increased beyond Cu release, indicating effects of either surface-bound Cu or more likely the implants themselves. Altogether, Ti-Cu samples possessed antibacterial effectiveness in vitro, released measurable Cu amounts in vivo and caused a moderately increased local inflammatory response, demonstrating anti-infective potential of Cu coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Walschus U, Straňák V, Hippler R, Testrich H, Meichsner J, Finke B, Rebl H, Nebe B, Zietz C, Bader R, Podbielski A, Schlosser M. In vivo examination of the local inflammatory response after implantation of Ti6Al4V samples with a combined low-temperature plasma treatment using pulsed magnetron sputtering of copper and plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:761-771. [PMID: 23314622 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) could serve as antibacterial coating for Ti6Al4V implants. An additional cell-adhesive layer might compensate Cu cytotoxicity. This study aimed at in vitro and in vivo evaluation of low-temperature plasma treatment of Ti6Al4V plates with Ti/Cu magnetron sputtering (Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu), plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine (Ti6Al4V-PPEDA), or both (Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA). Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu and Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA had comparable in vitro Cu release and antibacterial effectiveness. Following intramuscular implantation of Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu, Ti6Al4V-PPEDA, Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA and Ti6Al4V controls for 7, 14 and 56 days with 8 rats/day, peri-implant tissue was immunohistochemically examined for different inflammatory cells. Ti6Al4V-PPEDA had more mast cells and NK cells than Ti6Al4V, and more tissue macrophages, T lymphocytes, mast cells and NK cells than Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA. Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu had more mast cells than Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA. Results indicate that PPEDA-mediated cell adhesion counteracted Cu cytotoxicity. Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA differed from Ti6Al4V only for mast cells on day 56. Altogether, implants with both plasma treatments had antibacterial properties and did not increase inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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26
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Walschus U, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Finke B, Polak M, Lucke S, Nebe B, Schroeder K, Podbielski A, Wilhelm L, Schlosser M. Serum profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats following implantation of low-temperature plasma-modified titanium plates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1299-1307. [PMID: 22402792 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of Titanium (Ti) by low-temperature plasma influences cell-material interactions. Therefore, this study aimed at examining serum cytokine levels and associations after intramuscular implantation (n = 8 rats/group) of Ti-plates with Plasma Polymerized Allyl Amine (Ti-PPAAm), Plasma Polymerized Acrylic Acid (Ti-PPAAc), and without such layers (Ti-Controls). Pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) cytokines were measured weekly for 56 days. Ti-PPAAm caused increased IL-2 (d7-14, d35), increased IFNγ (d35) and decreased IL-10 (d35, d49-56). Ti-PPAAc induced divergent anti-inflammatory cytokine changes with increased IL-4 (d28-56) and decreased IL-10 (d42-56). Ti-Controls elicited increased IL-2 (d42) and IFNγ (d35-42, d56). IL-6 was not detected and IL-13 only in three samples, thus they do not influence the response against these Ti implants. Correlation analysis revealed surface-dependent associations between cytokines indicating the involvement of different inflammatory cell populations. Concluding, different plasma modifications induce specific serum cytokine profiles and associations indicating distinct inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswalder Str. 11c, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
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27
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von Plocki SC, Armbruster D, Klein K, Kämpf K, Zlinszky K, Hilbe M, Kronen P, Gruskin E, von Rechenberg B. Biodegradable sleeves for metal implants to prevent implant-associated infection: an experimental in vivo study in sheep. Vet Surg 2012; 41:410-21. [PMID: 22239648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate biocompatibility of biodegradable sleeves containing antimicrobial agents, designed for local drug delivery to prevent implant-related infection. STUDY DESIGN Synthetic polyester sleeves (a copolymer of glycolide, caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate, lactide) were cast as thin films. The antimicrobial agents incorporated in the sleeves included gentamicin sulfate, triclosan, or a combination of these drugs. ANIMALS Adult sheep (n = 15). METHODS Two limited contact dynamic compression plates (LC-DCP) with or without sleeves were implanted on tibiae (bilateral) of 15 sheep. Sleeves were placed over the plates before implantation. Beneath half of the plates, 5-mm drill hole defects were made in the near cortex. Samples were harvested 4 weeks later for histology and microradiography. RESULTS Macroscopically, no irritation of bone or adjacent tissue was seen. Small remnants of sleeves were visible on histology, and positively correlated with the presence of macrophages and foreign body cells. Thick sections showed no difference between the test samples and controls in terms of fibrous capsule formation, periosteal remodeling, and defect remodeling. Inflammatory cells, macrophages, and foreign body cells were more prominent in sections with sleeves, but were not statistically significantly different from controls. Cell numbers were within normal physiologic limits normally seen as cellular response to foreign bodies consisting of polymers. CONCLUSION The normal healing response indicated that the biodegradable sleeves demonstrate tissue biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C von Plocki
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Strebel BM, Lepper PM, Schaer DJ, Sendensky AH, Kurrer MO. Expression of CD163 on human histiocytic cells is different in tuberculosis-induced and schistosomiasis-induced granulomas. Histopathology 2011; 60:511-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McNally AK, Anderson JM. Foreign body-type multinucleated giant cells induced by interleukin-4 express select lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules and are phenotypically distinct from osteoclasts and dendritic cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:673-81. [PMID: 21798256 PMCID: PMC3220734 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Foreign body-type multinucleated giant cells (FBGC), formed by macrophage fusion, are a prominent cell type on implanted biomaterials, although the roles they play at these and other sites of chronic inflammation are not understood. Why lymphocytes are present in this scenario and the effects of fusing macrophages/FBGC on subsequent lymphocyte responses are also unclear. To address the physiological significance of FBGC in this regard, we employed our in vitro system of interleukin (IL)-4-induced human monocyte-derived macrophage fusion/FBGC formation. Initially, we pursued the identities of lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules on fusing macrophages/FBGC. In addition, we further compared the FBGC phenotype to that currently associated with osteoclasts and dendritic cells using recognized markers. Immunoblotting of cell lysates and immunochemistry of macrophages/FBGC in situ, revealed that IL-4-induced macrophages/FBGC strongly express HLA-DR, CD98, B7-2 (CD86), and B7-H1 (PD-L1), but not B7-1 (CD80) or B7-H2 (B7RP-1). Furthermore, molecules currently recognized to be expressed on osteoclasts (calcitonin receptor, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, RANK) or dendritic cells (CD1a, CD40, CD83, CD95/fas) are undetectable. In contrast, fusing macrophages/FBGC strongly express the macrophage markers αX integrin (CD11c), CD68, and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), whereas CD14 is completely down-modulated with IL-4-induced macrophage fusion. These novel data demonstrate that IL-4-induction of macrophage multinucleation/FBGC formation features the acquisition of a CD14-negative phenotypic profile which is distinguishable from that of dendritic cells and osteoclasts, yet potentially exhibits multiple capacities for lymphocyte interactions with resultant lymphocyte down-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K McNally
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, Room 5104, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Anderson JM, McNally AK. Biocompatibility of implants: lymphocyte/macrophage interactions. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:221-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cao H, McHugh K, Chew SY, Anderson JM. The topographical effect of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1151-9. [PMID: 19768795 PMCID: PMC9069486 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Topographical cues play an important role in influencing cellular behavior and are considered as significant parameters to be controlled in tissue engineering applications. This work investigated the biocompatibility with regard to scaffold architecture and topographical effect of nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction. Random and aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique, with diameters of 313 +/- 5 nm and 506 +/- 24 nm, respectively. Primary monocytes isolated from five human donors were cultured on PCL nanofibers, PCL film, and RGD-coated glass in vitro and cell density and morphology was evaluated at time points of day 0 (2 h), day 3, day 7, and day 10. The in vivo study was carried out by implanting PCL nanofibers and film scaffolds subcutaneously in rats to test the biocompatibility and host response at time points of week 1, week 2, and week 4. The in vitro studies revealed that the initial monocyte adhesion on the aligned fiber scaffold was significantly less (p < 0.001) when compared to the random fiber scaffold. The in vivo study showed that the thicknesses of fibrous capsule on fibrous scaffolds were 7.55 +/- 0.54 microm for aligned fibers and 4.13 +/- 0.31 microm for random fibers, which were significantly thinner than that of film implants 37.7 +/- 0.25 microm (p < 0.001). Additionally, cell infiltration was observed in aligned fibrous scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo, while on random fibers and films, distinct fibrous capsule boundaries were found on the surfaces. These results indicate that aligned electrospun nanofibers may serve as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering by minimizing host response, enhancing tissue-scaffold integration, and eliciting a thinner fibrous capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Cao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
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Rodriguez A, Anderson JM. Evaluation of clinical biomaterial surface effects on T lymphocyte activation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:214-20. [PMID: 19172618 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies in our laboratory have shown that lymphocytes can influence macrophage adhesion and fusion on biomaterial surfaces. However, few studies have evaluated how material adherent macrophages can influence lymphocyte behavior, specifically T cells. In this study, we cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors on three synthetic nonbiodegradable biomedical polymers: elasthane 80A (PEU), silicone rubber (SR), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Upregulation of T cell surface activation markers (CD69 and CD25), lymphocyte proliferation, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) concentrations were evaluated by flow cytometry, carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimydyl ester (CFSE) incorporation, and multiplex cytokine immunoassay, respectively, to assess T cell activation. Following 3 and 7 days of culture, CD4+ helper T cells from cultures of any of the material groups did not express the activation markers CD69 and CD25 and lymphocyte proliferation was not present. IL-2 and IFNgamma levels were produced, but dependent on donor. These data indicate that T cells are not activated in response to clinically relevant synthetic biomaterials. The data also suggest that lymphocyte subsets exclusive of T cells are the source of the lymphokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, in certain donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Hoene A, Walschus U, Patrzyk M, Finke B, Lucke S, Nebe B, Schroeder K, Ohl A, Schlosser M. In vivo investigation of the inflammatory response against allylamine plasma polymer coated titanium implants in a rat model. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:676-83. [PMID: 19751851 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is an established biomaterial for bone replacement. However, facilitation of osteoblast attachment by surface modification with chemical groups could improve the implant performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) layer on the local inflammation in a rat model. Three series (RM76AB, RM78AB, RM77AB) of PPAAm-treated Ti plates were prepared using different plasma conditions. Twelve male LEW.1A rats received one plate of each series and one uncoated control plate implanted into the back musculature. After 7, 14 and 56 days, four rats were euthanized to remove the implants with surrounding tissue. Total monocytes/macrophages, tissue macrophages, T-cells and MHC-class-II-positive cells were morphometrically counted. On day 14, the macrophage/monocyte number was significantly higher for the controls than for the PPAAm samples. On day 56, the RM76AB and RM78AB samples had significantly lower numbers than RM77AB and the controls. The same was found for the tissue macrophages. No change over time and no differences between the implants were found for the T-cells. For the number of MHC-class-II-positive cells, a significant decrease was found only for the RM78AB implants between day 14 and day 56. Physico-chemical analysis of the PPAAm implants revealed that the RM77AB implants had the lowest water absorption, the highest nitrogen loss and the lowest oxygen uptake after sonication. These results demonstrate that the PPAAm samples and the controls were comparable regarding local inflammation, and that different plasma conditions lead to variations in the material properties which influence the tissue reaction.
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Knight PT, Kirk JT, Anderson JM, Mather PT. In vivo kinetic degradation analysis and biocompatibility of aliphatic polyester polyurethanes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rodriguez A, Macewan SR, Meyerson H, Kirk JT, Anderson JM. The foreign body reaction in T-cell-deficient mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:106-13. [PMID: 18491378 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The role(s) of T lymphocytes in the foreign body response has not been thoroughly elucidated. Lymphocytes are known to augment macrophage adhesion and fusion in vitro. Furthermore, T lymphocytes are a possible source of the cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, which induce macrophage fusion. In this study, we used BALB/c mice and BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice to investigate foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation in a T-cell-deficient setting. Mice were implanted with Elasthane 80A (PEU), silicone rubber (SR), or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for 7, 14, or 21 days using the cage implant system. Exudate cells and IL-4 and IL-13 levels in exudate supernatants were analyzed by flow cytometry and a multiplex immunoassay, respectively, at Days 7, 14, and 21. Macrophage adhesion and fusion on material surfaces were analyzed using optical microscopy. T-cell-deficient mice had lower total leukocyte concentrations at the biomaterial implant site at all time points. Adherent cell density was comparable between normal and T-cell-deficient mice except in the PEU group at Day 21. However, percent fusion, average nuclei per FBGC, and FBGC morphology were comparable between normal and T-cell-deficient mice. IL-4 was not detected in any sample, but IL-13 levels were also comparable between normal and T-cell-deficient mice indicating Th2-polarized T-cells are not the sole source of this cytokine. We have shown that there are pathways that do not require thymus-matured T lymphocytes, which lead to a normal foreign body response to biomaterials in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Higgins DM, Basaraba RJ, Hohnbaum AC, Lee EJ, Grainger DW, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Localized immunosuppressive environment in the foreign body response to implanted biomaterials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:161-70. [PMID: 19528351 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The implantation of synthetic biomaterials initiates the foreign body response (FBR), which is characterized by macrophage infiltration, foreign body giant cell formation, and fibrotic encapsulation of the implant. The FBR is orchestrated by a complex network of immune modulators, including diverse cell types, soluble mediators, and unique cell surface interactions. The specific tissue locations, expression patterns, and spatial distribution of these immune modulators around the site of implantation are not clear. This study describes a model for studying the FBR in vivo and specifically evaluates the spatial relationship of immune modulators. We modified a biomaterials implantation in vivo model that allowed for cross-sectional in situ analysis of the FBR. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the localization of soluble mediators, ie, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-10, IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and MCP-1; specific cell types, ie, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes; and cell surface markers, ie, F4/80, CD11b, CD11c, and Ly-6C, at early, middle, and late stages of the FBR in subcutaneous implant sites. The cytokines IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta were localized to implant-adherent cells that included macrophages and foreign body giant cells. A better understanding of the FBR in vivo will allow the development of novel strategies to enhance biomaterial implant design to achieve better performance and safety of biomedical devices at the site of implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
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Rodriguez A, Meyerson H, Anderson JM. Quantitative in vivo cytokine analysis at synthetic biomaterial implant sites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:152-9. [PMID: 18431759 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To further elucidate the foreign body reaction, investigation of cytokines at biomaterial implant sites was carried out using a multiplex immunoassay and ELISA. Macrophage activation cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha), cytokines important for macrophage fusion (IL-4 and IL-13), antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGFbeta), chemokines (GRO/KC, MCP-1), and the T-cell activation cytokine IL-2 were quantified at biomaterial implant sites. Empty cages (controls) or cages containing synthetic biomedical polymer (Elasthane 80A (PEU), silicone rubber (SR), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) were implanted subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley rats for 4, 7, or 14 days, and cytokines in exudate supernatants and macrophage surface adhesion and fusion were quantified. The presence of a polymer implant did not affect the levels of IL-1beta, TGFbeta, and MCP-1 in comparison to the control group. IL-2 was not virtually detected in any of the samples. Although the levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and GRO/KC were affected by polymer implantation, but not dependent on a specific polymer, IL-6 and TNFalpha were significantly greater in those animals implanted with PEU and SR, materials that do not promote fusion. The results indicate that differential material-dependent cytokine profiles are produced by surface adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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