1
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El Kommos A, Jackson AR, Andreopoulos F, Travascio F. Development of Improved Confined Compression Testing Setups for Use in Stress Relaxation Testing of Viscoelastic Biomaterials. Gels 2024; 10:329. [PMID: 38786246 PMCID: PMC11121465 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of cell-based biomaterial alternatives holds significant promise in tissue engineering applications, but it requires accurate mechanical assessment. Herein, we present the development of a novel 3D-printed confined compression apparatus, fabricated using clear resin, designed to cater to the unique demands of biomaterial developers. Our objective was to enhance the precision of force measurements and improve sample visibility during compression testing. We compared the performance of our innovative 3D-printed confined compression setup to a conventional setup by performing stress relaxation testing on hydrogels with variable degrees of crosslinking. We assessed equilibrium force, aggregate modulus, and peak force. This study demonstrates that our revised setup can capture a larger range of force values while simultaneously improving accuracy. We were able to detect significant differences in force and aggregate modulus measurements of hydrogels with variable degrees of crosslinking using our revised setup, whereas these were indistinguishable with the convectional apparatus. Further, by incorporating a clear resin in the fabrication of the compression chamber, we improved sample visibility, thus enabling real-time monitoring and informed assessment of biomaterial behavior under compressive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony El Kommos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.E.K.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Alicia R. Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.E.K.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Fotios Andreopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.E.K.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Francesco Travascio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Max Biedermann Institute for Biomechanics, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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2
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Wang Z, Hu T, Tebyetekerwa M, Zeng X, Du F, Kang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang X. Electricity generation from carbon dioxide adsorption by spatially nanoconfined ion separation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2672. [PMID: 38531889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective ion transport underpins fundamental biological processes for efficient energy conversion and signal propagation. Mimicking these 'ionics' in synthetic nanofluidic channels has been increasingly promising for realizing self-sustained systems by harvesting clean energy from diverse environments, such as light, moisture, salinity gradient, etc. Here, we report a spatially nanoconfined ion separation strategy that enables harvesting electricity from CO2 adsorption. This breakthrough relies on the development of Nanosheet-Agarose Hydrogel (NAH) composite-based generators, wherein the oppositely charged ions are released in water-filled hydrogel channels upon adsorbing CO2. By tuning the ion size and ion-channel interactions, the released cations at the hundred-nanometer scale are spatially confined within the hydrogel network, while ångström-scale anions pass through unhindered. This leads to near-perfect anion/cation separation across the generator with a selectivity (D-/D+) of up to 1.8 × 106, allowing conversion into external electricity. With amplification by connecting multiple as-designed generators, the ion separation-induced electricity reaching 5 V is used to power electronic devices. This study introduces an effective spatial nanoconfinement strategy for widely demanded high-precision ion separation, encouraging a carbon-negative technique with simultaneous CO2 adsorption and energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyuan Wang
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mike Tebyetekerwa
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Xiangkang Zeng
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Fan Du
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yuan Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xuefeng Li
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide (GETCO2), Brisbane, Australia.
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3
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Stampoultzis T, Rana VK, Guo Y, Pioletti DP. Impact of Molecular Dynamics of Polyrotaxanes on Chondrocytes in Double-Network Supramolecular Hydrogels under Physiological Thermomechanical Stimulation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1144-1152. [PMID: 38166194 PMCID: PMC10865359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage, a soft tissue enriched with a dynamic extracellular matrix, manifests as a supramolecular system within load-bearing joints. At the same time, the challenge of cartilage repair through tissue engineering lies in replicating intricate cellular-matrix interactions. This study attempts to investigate chondrocyte responses within double-network supramolecular hybrid hydrogels tailored to mimic the dynamic molecular nature of hyaline cartilage. To this end, we infused noncovalent host-guest polyrotaxanes, by blending α-cyclodextrins as host molecules and polyethylene glycol as guests, into a gelatin-based covalent matrix, thereby enhancing its dynamic characteristics. Subsequently, chondrocytes were seeded into these hydrogels to systematically probe the effects of two concentrations of the introduced polyrotaxanes (instilling different levels of supramolecular dynamism in the hydrogel systems) on the cellular responsiveness. Our findings unveiled an augmented level of cellular mechanosensitivity for supramolecular hydrogels compared to pure covalent-based systems. This is demonstrated by an increased mRNA expression of ion channels (TREK1, TRPV4, and PIEZO1), signaling molecules (SOX9) and matrix-remodeling enzymes (LOXL2). Such outcomes were further elevated upon external application of biomimetic thermomechanical loading, which brought a stark increase in the accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen. Overall, we found that matrix adaptability plays a pivotal role in modulating chondrocyte responses within double-network supramolecular hydrogels. These findings hold the potential for advancing cartilage engineering within load-bearing joints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominique P. Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical
Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering,
EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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4
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Sadeghian A, Kharaziha M, Khoroushi M. Dentin extracellular matrix loaded bioactive glass/GelMA support rapid bone mineralization for potential pulp regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123771. [PMID: 36812970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to develop a novel dentin extracellular matrix (dECM) loaded gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-5 wt% bioactive glass (BG) (Gel-BG) hydrogel for dental pulp regeneration. We investigate the role of dECM content (2.5, 5, and 10 wt%) on the physicochemical characteristics and biological responses of Gel-BG hydrogel in contact with stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Results showed that the compressive strength of Gel-BG/dECM hydrogel significantly enhanced from 18.9 ± 0.5 kPa (at Gel-BG) to 79.8 ± 3.0 kPa after incorporation of 10 wt% dECM. Moreover, we found that in vitro bioactivity of Gel-BG improved and the degradation rate and swelling ratio reduced with increasing dECM content. The hybrid hydrogels also revealed effectual biocompatibility, >138 % cell viability after 7 days of culture; where Gel-BG/5%dECM was most suitable. In addition, the incorporation of 5 wt% dECM within Gel-BG considerably improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic differentiation of SHED cells. Taken together, the novel bioengineered Gel-BG/dECM hydrogels having appropriate bioactivity, degradation rate, osteoconductive and mechanical properties represent the potential applications for clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Sadeghian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Torabinejad Dental Research Institute, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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5
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Crespo-Cuevas V, Ferguson VL, Vernerey F. Poroviscoelasto-plasticity of agarose-based hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:790-806. [PMID: 36625244 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agarose gels are excellent candidates for tissue engineering as they are tunable, viscoelastic, and show a pronounced strain-stiffening response. These characteristics make them ideal to create in vitro environments to grow cells and develop tissues. As in many other biopolymers, viscoelasticity and poroelasticity coexist as time-dependent behaviors in agarose gels. While the viscoelastic behavior of these hydrogels has been considered using both phenomenological and continuum models, there remains a lack of connection between the underlying physics and the macroscopic material response. Through a finite element analysis and complimentary experiments, we evaluated the complex time-dependent mechanical response of agarose gels in various conditions. We then conceptualized these gels as a dynamic network where the global dissociation/association rate of intermolecular bonds is described as a combination of a fast rate native to double helices forming between aligned agarose molecules and a slow rate of the agarose molecules present in the clusters. Using the foundation of the transient network theory, we developed a physics-based constitutive model that accurately describes agarose behavior. Integrating experimental results and model prediction, we demonstrated that the fast dissociation/association rate follows a nonlinear force-dependent response, whose exponential evolution agrees with Eyring's model based on the transition state theory. Overall, our results establish a more accurate understanding of the time-dependent mechanics of agarose gels and provide a model that can inform design of a variety of biopolymers with a similar network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Crespo-Cuevas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Franck Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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6
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Petitjean N, Canadas P, Royer P, Noël D, Le Floc'h S. Cartilage biomechanics: From the basic facts to the challenges of tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:1067-1089. [PMID: 36583681 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is the thin tissue that covers the long bone ends in the joints and that ensures the transmission of forces between adjacent bones while allowing nearly frictionless movements between them. AC repair is a technologic and scientific challenge that has been addressed with numerous approaches. A major deadlock is the capacity to take in account its complex mechanical properties in repair strategies. In this review, we first describe the major mechanical behaviors of AC for the non-specialists. Then, we show how researchers have progressively identified specific mechanical parameters using mathematical models. There are still gaps in our understanding of some of the observations concerning AC biomechanical properties, particularly the differences in extracellular matrix stiffness measured at the microscale and at the millimetric scale. Nevertheless, for bioengineering applications, AC repair strategies must take into account what are commonly considered the main mechanical features of cartilage: its ability to withstand high stresses through three main behaviors (elasticity, poroelasticity and swelling). Finally, we emphasize that future studies need to investigate AC mechanical properties at different scales, particularly the gradient of mechanical properties around cells and across the cartilage depth, and the differences in mechanical properties at different scales. This multi-scale approach could greatly enhance the success of AC restorative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale Royer
- LMGC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, France
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7
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Symons HE, Galanti A, Surmon JC, Trask RS, Rochat S, Gobbo P. Automated analysis of soft material microindentation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8302-8314. [PMID: 36286486 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanical properties of soft hydrogel materials over multiple length scales is important for their application in many fields. Typical measurement methods provide either bulk mechanical properties (compression, tensile, rheology) or probing of nano or microscale properties and heterogeneity (nanoindentation, AFM). In this work we demonstrate the complementarity of instrumented microindentation to these techniques, as it provides representative Young's moduli for soft materials with minimal influence of the experimental parameters chosen, and allows mechanical property mapping across macroscopic areas. To enable automated analysis of the large quantities of data required for these measurements, we develop a new fitting algorithm to process indentation data. This method allows for the determination of Young's moduli from imperfect data by automatic selection of a region of the indentation curve which does not display inelastic deformation or substrate effects. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach with a range of hydrogels, including materials with patterns and gradients in stiffness, and expect the techniques described here to be useful developments for the mechanical analysis of a wide range of soft and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Symons
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Agostino Galanti
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Joseph C Surmon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Richard S Trask
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Sebastien Rochat
- School of Chemistry, Department of Engineering Mathematics, and Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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8
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Liu L, Yang R, Cui J, Chen P, Ri HC, Sun H, Piao X, Li M, Pu Q, Quinto M, Zhou JL, Shang HB, Li D. Circular Nonuniform Electric Field Gel Electrophoresis for the Separation and Concentration of Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8474-8482. [PMID: 35652329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A circular nonuniform electric field strategy coupled with gel electrophoresis was proposed to control the precise separation and efficient concentration of nano- and microparticles. The circular nonuniform electric field has the feature of exponential increase in the electric field intensity along the radius, working with three functional zones of migration, acceleration, and concentration. The distribution form of electric field lines is regulated in functional zones to control the migration behaviors of particles for separation and concentration by altering the relative position of the ring electrode (outside) and rodlike electrode (inner). The circular nonuniform electric field promotes the target-type and high-precision separation of nanoparticles based on the difference in charge-to-size ratio. The concentration multiple of nanoparticles is also controlled randomly with the alternation of radius, taking advantage of vertical extrusion and concentric converging of the migration path. This work provides a brand new insight into the simultaneous separation and concentration of particles and is promising for developing a versatile tool for the separation and preparation of various samples instead of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Ruilin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Hyok Chol Ri
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangfan Piao
- Department of Electronics, School of Engineering, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- DAFNE - Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hai-Bo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.,Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.,Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
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9
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Li J, Kim C, Pan CC, Babian A, Lui E, Young JL, Moeinzadeh S, Kim S, Yang YP. Hybprinting for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. iScience 2022; 25:104229. [PMID: 35494239 PMCID: PMC9051619 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents bioprinting methods, biomaterials, and printing strategies that may be used for composite tissue constructs for musculoskeletal applications. The printing methods discussed include those that are suitable for acellular and cellular components, and the biomaterials include soft and rigid components that are suitable for soft and/or hard tissues. We also present strategies that focus on the integration of cell-laden soft and acellular rigid components under a single printing platform. Given the structural and functional complexity of native musculoskeletal tissue, we envision that hybrid bioprinting, referred to as hybprinting, could provide unprecedented potential by combining different materials and bioprinting techniques to engineer and assemble modular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Babian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Geramifard N, Dousti B, Nguyen CK, Abbott JR, Cogan S, Varner V. Insertion mechanics of amorphous SiC ultra-micro scale neural probes. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35263724 PMCID: PMC9339220 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac5bf4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma induced by the insertion of microelectrodes into cortical neural tissue is a significant problem. Further, micromotion and mechanical mismatch between microelectrode probes and neural tissue is implicated in an adverse foreign body response (FBR). Hence, intracortical ultra-microelectrode probes have been proposed as alternatives that minimize this FBR. However, significant challenges in implanting these flexible probes remain. We investigated the insertion mechanics of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) probes with a view to defining probe geometries that can be inserted into cortex without buckling. APPROACH We determined the critical buckling force of a-SiC probes as a function of probe geometry and then characterized the buckling behavior of these probes by measuring force-displacement responses during insertion into agarose gel and rat cortex. MAIN RESULTS Insertion forces for a range of probe geometries were determined and compared with critical buckling forces to establish geometries that should avoid buckling during implantation into brain. The studies show that slower insertion speeds reduce the maximum insertion force for single-shank probes but increase cortical dimpling during insertion of multi-shank probes. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a guide for selecting probe geometries and insertion speeds that allow unaided implantation of probes into rat cortex. The design approach is applicable to other animal models where insertion of intracortical probes to a depth of 2 mm is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Geramifard
- Department of Bioeengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Rd., BSB 13.601, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, UNITED STATES
| | - Behnoush Dousti
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, UNITED STATES
| | - Christopher Khanhtuan Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, UNITED STATES
| | - Justin Robert Abbott
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080, UNITED STATES
| | - Stuart Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, UNITED STATES
| | - Victor Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080, UNITED STATES
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11
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Vernerey FJ, Lalitha Sridhar S, Muralidharan A, Bryant SJ. Mechanics of 3D Cell-Hydrogel Interactions: Experiments, Models, and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11085-11148. [PMID: 34473466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are highly water-swollen molecular networks that are ideal platforms to create tissue mimetics owing to their vast and tunable properties. As such, hydrogels are promising cell-delivery vehicles for applications in tissue engineering and have also emerged as an important base for ex vivo models to study healthy and pathophysiological events in a carefully controlled three-dimensional environment. Cells are readily encapsulated in hydrogels resulting in a plethora of biochemical and mechanical communication mechanisms, which recapitulates the natural cell and extracellular matrix interaction in tissues. These interactions are complex, with multiple events that are invariably coupled and spanning multiple length and time scales. To study and identify the underlying mechanisms involved, an integrated experimental and computational approach is ideally needed. This review discusses the state of our knowledge on cell-hydrogel interactions, with a focus on mechanics and transport, and in this context, highlights recent advancements in experiments, mathematical and computational modeling. The review begins with a background on the thermodynamics and physics fundamentals that govern hydrogel mechanics and transport. The review focuses on two main classes of hydrogels, described as semiflexible polymer networks that represent physically cross-linked fibrous hydrogels and flexible polymer networks representing the chemically cross-linked synthetic and natural hydrogels. In this review, we highlight five main cell-hydrogel interactions that involve key cellular functions related to communication, mechanosensing, migration, growth, and tissue deposition and elaboration. For each of these cellular functions, recent experiments and the most up to date modeling strategies are discussed and then followed by a summary of how to tune hydrogel properties to achieve a desired functional cellular outcome. We conclude with a summary linking these advancements and make the case for the need to integrate experiments and modeling to advance our fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions that will ultimately help identify new therapeutic approaches and enable successful tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Archish Muralidharan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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12
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Richardson BM, Walker CJ, Maples MM, Randolph MA, Bryant SJ, Anseth KS. Mechanobiological Interactions between Dynamic Compressive Loading and Viscoelasticity on Chondrocytes in Hydrazone Covalent Adaptable Networks for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002030. [PMID: 33738966 PMCID: PMC8785214 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiological cues influence chondrocyte biosynthesis and are often used in tissue engineering applications to improve the repair of articular cartilage in load-bearing joints. In this work, the biophysical effects of an applied dynamic compression on chondrocytes encapsulated in viscoelastic hydrazone covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is explored. Here, hydrazone CANs exhibit viscoelastic loss tangents ranging from (9.03 ± 0.01) 10-4 to (1.67 ± 0.09) 10-3 based on the molar percentages of alkyl-hydrazone and benzyl-hydrazone crosslinks. Notably, viscoelastic alkyl-hydrazone crosslinks improve articular cartilage specific gene expression showing higher SOX9 expression in free swelling hydrogels and dynamic compression reduces hypertrophic chondrocyte markers (COL10A1, MMP13) in hydrazone CANs. Interestingly, dynamic compression also improves matrix biosynthesis in elastic benzyl-hydrazone controls but reduces biosynthesis in viscoelastic alkyl-hydrazone CANs. Additionally, intermediate levels of viscoelastic adaptability demonstrate the highest levels of matrix biosynthesis in hydrazone CANs, demonstrating on average 70 ± 4 µg of sulfated glycosaminoglycans per day and 31 ± 3 µg of collagen per day over one month in dynamic compression bioreactors. Collectively, the results herein demonstrate the role of matrix adaptability and viscoelasticity on chondrocytes in hydrazone CANs during dynamic compression, which may prove useful for tissue engineering applications in load-bearing joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Cierra J Walker
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Mollie M Maples
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Mark A Randolph
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, WAC 435, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman St, WACC 453, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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13
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Krömmelbein C, Mütze M, Konieczny R, Schönherr N, Griebel J, Gerdes W, Mayr SG, Riedel S. Impact of high-energy electron irradiation on mechanical, structural and chemical properties of agarose hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117970. [PMID: 33858571 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural hydrogels are highly demanded biomaterials for biomedical applications such as wound dressing, tissue engineering, drug delivery or three dimensional cell culture. Highly energetic electron irradiation up to 10 MeV is a powerful and fast tool to sterilize and tailor the material's properties. In this study, electron radiation treatment of agarose hydrogels was investigated to evaluate radiation effects on physical, structural and chemical properties. The viscoelastic behavior, surface hydrophilicity and swelling behavior in a range of typical sterilization doses of 0 kGy to 30 kGy was analyzed. The mechanical properties were determined by rheology measurements and decreased by more than 20% compared to the initial moduli. The number average molecular weight between crosslinks was estimated based on rubber elasticity theory to judge on the radiation degradation. In this dose range, the number average molecular weight between crosslinks increased by more than 6%. Chemical structure was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate the radiation resistance of agarose hydrogels. With increasing electron dose, an increasing amount of carbonyl containing species was observed. In addition, irradiation was accompanied by formation of gas cavities in the hydrogels. The gas products were specified for CO2, CO and H2O. Based on the radiolytic products, a radiolysis mechanism was proposed. Electron beam treatment under high pressure conditions was found to reduce gas cavity formation in the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Krömmelbein
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Mütze
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Konieczny
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Schönherr
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Griebel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefan G Mayr
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Riedel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Cell.Copedia GmbH, Bosestraße 4, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Poupart O, Conti R, Schmocker A, Pancaldi L, Moser C, Nuss KM, Sakar MS, Dobrocky T, Grützmacher H, Mosimann PJ, Pioletti DP. Pulsatile Flow-Induced Fatigue-Resistant Photopolymerizable Hydrogels for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619858. [PMID: 33553124 PMCID: PMC7855579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative intracranial aneurysm embolic agent is emerging in the form of hydrogels due to their ability to be injected in liquid phase and solidify in situ. Hydrogels have the ability to fill an aneurysm sac more completely compared to solid implants such as those used in coil embolization. Recently, the feasibility to implement photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels in vitro has been demonstrated for aneurysm application. Nonetheless, the physical and mechanical properties of such hydrogels require further characterization to evaluate their long-term integrity and stability to avoid implant compaction and aneurysm recurrence over time. To that end, molecular weight and polymer content of the hydrogels were tuned to match the elastic modulus and compliance of aneurysmal tissue while minimizing the swelling volume and pressure. The hydrogel precursor was injected and photopolymerized in an in vitro aneurysm model, designed by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) around 3D printed water-soluble sacrificial molds. The hydrogels were then exposed to a fatigue test under physiological pulsatile flow, inducing a combination of circumferential and shear stresses. The hydrogels withstood 5.5 million cycles and no significant weight loss of the implant was observed nor did the polymerized hydrogel protrude or migrate into the parent artery. Slight surface erosion defects of 2–10 μm in depth were observed after loading compared to 2 μm maximum for non-loaded hydrogels. These results show that our fine-tuned photopolymerized hydrogel is expected to withstand the physiological conditions of an in vivo implant study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Poupart
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schmocker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Pancaldi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja M Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut S Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal J Mosimann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Tosoratti E, Incaviglia I, Liashenko O, Leinenbach C, Zenobi-Wong M. Additively Manufactured Semiflexible Titanium Lattices as Hydrogel Reinforcement for Biomedical Implants. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tosoratti
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Incaviglia
- Advanced Materials and Surfaces Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überland Str. 129 Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
| | - Oleksii Liashenko
- Advanced Materials and Surfaces Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überland Str. 129 Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
| | - Christian Leinenbach
- Advanced Materials and Surfaces Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überland Str. 129 Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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16
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Arabiyat AS, Becerra-Bayona S, Kamaldinov T, Munoz-Pinto DJ, Hahn MS. Hydrogel Properties May Influence Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Progression Through Modulating GAPDH Activity. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Fathi-Achachelouei M, Keskin D, Bat E, Vrana NE, Tezcaner A. Dual growth factor delivery using PLGA nanoparticles in silk fibroin/PEGDMA hydrogels for articular cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:2041-2062. [PMID: 31872975 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage due to damages, diseases, or age-related factors can significantly decrease the mobility of the patients. Various tissue engineering approaches which take advantage of stem cells and growth factors in a three-dimensional constructs have been used for reconstructing articular tissue. Proliferative impact of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and chondrogenic differentiation effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) over mesenchymal stem cells have previously been verified. In this study, silk fibroin (SF) and of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) were used to provide a versatile platform for preparing hydrogels with tunable mechanical, swelling and degradation properties through physical and chemical crosslinking as a microenvironment for chondrogenic differentiation in the presence of bFGF and TGF-β1 releasing nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time. Scaffolds with compressive moduli ranging from 95.70 ± 17.82 to 338.05 ± 38.24 kPa were obtained by changing both concentration PEGDMA and volume ratio of PEGDMA with 8% SF. Highest cell viability was observed in PEGDMA 10%-SF 8% (1:1) [PEG10-SF8(1:1)] hydrogel group. Release of bFGF and TGF-β1 within PEG10-SF8(1:1) hydrogels resulted in higher DNA and glycosaminoglycans amounts indicating synergistic effect of dual release over proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in hydrogels, respectively. Our results suggested that simultaneous delivery of bFGF and TGF-β1 through utilization of PLGA NPs within PEG10-SF8(1:1) hydrogel provided a novel and versatile means for articular cartilage regeneration as they allow for dosage- and site-specific multiple growth factor delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilek Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (BIOMATEN), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihal E Vrana
- Inserm UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France.,SPARTHA Medical, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aysen Tezcaner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (BIOMATEN), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Vania V, Wang L, Tjakra M, Zhang T, Qiu J, Tan Y, Wang G. The interplay of signaling pathway in endothelial cells-matrix stiffness dependency with targeted-therapeutic drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165645. [PMID: 31866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been one of the major causes of human deaths in the world. The study of CVDs has focused on cell chemotaxis for decades. With the advances in mechanobiology, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the influence of mechanical stimuli on arterial pathophysiology and endothelial dysfunction that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis development. An increasing number of drugs have been exploited to decrease the stiffness of vascular tissue for CVDs therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be explored. This review aims to summarize how matrix stiffness mediates atherogenesis through various important signaling pathways in endothelial cells and cellular mechanophenotype, including RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Hippo pathways. We also highlight the roles of putative mechanosensitive non-coding RNAs in matrix stiffness-mediated atherogenesis. Finally, we describe the usage of tunable hydrogel and its future strategy to improve our knowledge underlying matrix stiffness-mediated CVDs mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Vania
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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19
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Marchiori G, Berni M, Boi M, Filardo G. Cartilage mechanical tests: Evolution of current standards for cartilage repair and tissue engineering. A literature review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 68:58-72. [PMID: 31158591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair procedures and tissue engineering are solutions available in the clinical practice for the treatment of damaged articular cartilage. Regulatory bodies defined the requirements that any products, intended to regenerate cartilage, should have to be applied. In order to verify these requirements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) and the International Standard Organization (ISO) indicated some Standard tests, which allow evaluating, in a reproducible way, the performances of scaffolds/treatments for cartilage tissue regeneration. METHODS A review of the literature about cartilage mechanical characterization found 394 studies, from 1970 to date. They were classified by material (simulated/animal/human cartilage) and method (theoretical/applied; static/dynamic; standard/non-standard study), and analyzed by nation and year of publication. FINDINGS While Standard methods for cartilage mechanical characterization still refer to studies developed in the eighties, expertise and interest on cartilage mechanics research are evolving continuously and internationally, with studies both in vitro - on human and animal tissues - and in silico, dealing with tissue function and modelling, using static and dynamic loading conditions. INTERPRETATION there is a consensus on the importance of mechanical characterization that should be considered to evaluate cartilage treatments. Still, relative Standards need to be updated to describe advanced constructs and procedures for cartilage regeneration in a more exhaustive way. The use of the more complex, fibre-reinforced biphasic model, instead of the standard simple biphasic model, to describe cartilage response to loading, and the standardisation of dynamic tests can represent a first step in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Marchiori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Berni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Applied and Translational Research Center, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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20
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El-Fattah AA, Mansour A. Viscoelasticity, mechanical properties, and in vitro biodegradation of injectable chitosan-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/nanohydroxyapatite composite hydrogel. BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2018; 41:141. [DOI: 10.1007/s12034-018-1663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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21
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Girardo S, Träber N, Wagner K, Cojoc G, Herold C, Goswami R, Schlüßler R, Abuhattum S, Taubenberger A, Reichel F, Mokbel D, Herbig M, Schürmann M, Müller P, Heida T, Jacobi A, Ulbricht E, Thiele J, Werner C, Guck J. Standardized microgel beads as elastic cell mechanical probes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6245-6261. [PMID: 32254615 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell mechanical measurements are gaining increasing interest in biological and biomedical studies. However, there are no standardized calibration particles available that permit the cross-comparison of different measurement techniques operating at different stresses and time-scales. Here we present the rational design, production, and comprehensive characterization of poly-acrylamide (PAAm) microgel beads mimicking size and overall mechanics of biological cells. We produced mono-disperse beads at rates of 20-60 kHz by means of a microfluidic droplet generator, where the pre-gel composition was adjusted to tune the beads' elasticity in the range of cell and tissue relevant mechanical properties. We verified bead homogeneity by optical diffraction tomography and Brillouin microscopy. Consistent elastic behavior of microgel beads at different shear rates was confirmed by AFM-enabled nanoindentation and real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC). The remaining inherent variability in elastic modulus was rationalized using polymer theory and effectively reduced by sorting based on forward-scattering using conventional flow cytometry. Our results show that PAAm microgel beads can be standardized as mechanical probes, to serve not only for validation and calibration of cell mechanical measurements, but also as cell-scale stress sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Girardo
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Krouwels A, Melchels FPW, van Rijen MHP, Öner FC, Dhert WJA, Tryfonidou MA, Creemers LB. Comparing Hydrogels for Human Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration: Role of Osmolarity During Expansion. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:222-232. [PMID: 29457534 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels can facilitate nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration, either for clinical application or research into mechanisms of regeneration. However, many different hydrogels and culture conditions for human degenerated NP have been employed, making literature data difficult to compare. Therefore, we compared six different hydrogels of natural polymers and investigated the role of serum in the medium and of osmolarity during expansion or redifferentiation in an attempt to provide comparators for future studies. Human NP cells of Thompson grade III discs were cultured in alginate, agarose, fibrin, type II collagen, gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA), and hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Medium containing fetal bovine serum and a serum-free (SF) medium were compared in agarose, gelMA, and type II collagen hydrogels. Isolation and expansion of NP cells in low compared to high osmolarity medium were performed before culture in agarose and type II collagen hydrogels in media of varying osmolarity. NP cells in agarose produced the highest amounts of proteoglycans, followed by cells in type II collagen hydrogels. The absence of serum reduced the total amount of proteoglycans produced by the cells, although incorporation efficiency was higher in type II collagen hydrogels in the absence than in the presence of serum. Isolation and expansion of NP cells in high osmolarity medium improved proteoglycan production during culture in hydrogels, but variation in osmolarity during redifferentiation did not have any effect. Agarose hydrogels seem to be the best option for in vitro culture of human NP cells, but for clinical application, type II collagen hydrogels may be better because, as opposed to agarose, it degrades in time. Although culture in SF medium reduces the amount of proteoglycans produced during redifferentiation culture, isolating and expanding the cells in high osmolarity medium can largely compensate for this loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Krouwels
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry P W Melchels
- 2 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mattie H P van Rijen
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Day JR, David A, Kim J, Farkash EA, Cascalho M, Milašinović N, Shikanov A. The impact of functional groups of poly(ethylene glycol) macromers on the physical properties of photo-polymerized hydrogels and the local inflammatory response in the host. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:42-52. [PMID: 29242160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be functionalized and modified with various moieties allowing for a multitude of cross-linking chemistries. Here, we investigate how vinyl sulfone, acrylate, and maleimide functional end groups affect hydrogel formation, physical properties, viability of encapsulated cells, post-polymerization modification, and inflammatory response of the host. We have shown that PEG-VS hydrogels, in the presence of a co-monomer, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), form more efficiently than PEG-Ac and PEG-Mal hydrogels, resulting in superior physical properties after 6 min of ultraviolet light exposure. PEG-VS hydrogels exhibited hydrolytic stability and non-fouling characteristics, as well as the ability to be modified with biological motifs, such as RGD, after polymerization. Additionally, unmodified PEG-VS hydrogels resulted in lesser inflammatory response, cellular infiltration, and macrophage recruitment after implantation for 28 days in mice. These findings show that altering the end group chemistry of PEG macromer impacts characteristics of the photo-polymerized network. We have developed a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for cell or tissue encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for future immunoisolation applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The objective of this study was to develop a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for immunoisolation applications. This study has demonstrated that reactive functional groups of the PEG macromers impact free radical mediated network formation. Here, we show PEG-VS hydrogels meet the design criteria for an immunoisolating device as PEG-VS hydrogels form efficiently via photo-polymerization, impacting bulk properties, was stable in physiological conditions, and elicited a minimal inflammatory response. Further, NVP can be added to the precursor solution to expedite the cross-linking process without impacting cellular response upon encapsulation. These findings present an additional approach/chemistry to encapsulate cells or tissue for immunoisolation applications.
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Zhao M, Lequeux F, Narita T, Roché M, Limat L, Dervaux J. Growth and relaxation of a ridge on a soft poroelastic substrate. SOFT MATTER 2017; 14:61-72. [PMID: 29135008 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastocapillarity describes the deformations of soft materials by surface tensions and is involved in a broad range of applications, from microelectromechanical devices to cell patterning on soft surfaces. Although the vast majority of elastocapillarity experiments are performed on soft gels, because of their tunable mechanical properties, the theoretical interpretation of these data has been so far undertaken solely within the framework of linear elasticity, neglecting the porous nature of gels. We investigate in this work the deformation of a thick poroelastic layer with surface tension subjected to an arbitrary distribution of time-dependent axisymmetric surface forces. Following the derivation of a general analytical solution, we then focus on the specific problem of a liquid drop sitting on a soft poroelastic substrate. We investigate how the deformation and the solvent concentration field evolve in time for various droplet sizes. In particular, we show that the ridge height beneath the triple line grows logarithmically in time as the liquid migrates toward the ridge. We then study the relaxation of the ridge following the removal of the drop and show that the drop leaves long-lived footprints after removal which may affect surface and wetting properties of gel layers and also the motion of living cells on soft materials. Preliminary experiments performed with water droplets on soft PDMS gel layers are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Zhao
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Universitée Denis Diderot, 10 Rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, Paris, France.
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25
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Niu Y, Zhang X, Si T, Zhang Y, Qi L, Zhao G, Xu RX, He X, Zhao Y. Simultaneous Measurements of Geometric and Viscoelastic Properties of Hydrogel Microbeads Using Continuous-Flow Microfluidics with Embedded Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702821. [PMID: 29140604 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Geometric and mechanical characterizations of hydrogel materials at the microscale are attracting increasing attention due to their importance in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery applications. Contemporary approaches for measuring the these properties of hydrogel microbeads suffer from low-throughput, complex system configuration, and measurement inaccuracy. In this work, a continuous-flow device is developed to measure geometric and viscoelastic properties of hydrogel microbeads by flowing the microbeads through a tapered microchannel with an array of interdigitated microelectrodes patterned underneath the channel. The viscoelastic properties are derived from the trajectories of microbeads using a quasi-linear viscoelastic model. The measurement is independent of the applied volumetric flow rate. The results show that the geometric and viscoelastic properties of Ca-alginate hydrogel microbeads can be determined independently and simultaneously. The bulky high-speed optical systems are eliminated, simplifying the system configuration and making it a truly miniaturized device. A throughput of up to 394 microbeads min-1 is achieved. This study may provide a powerful tool for mechanical profiling of hydrogel microbeads to support their wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuntian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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26
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Tutwiler V, Wang H, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Shenoy VB. Interplay of Platelet Contractility and Elasticity of Fibrin/Erythrocytes in Blood Clot Retraction. Biophys J 2017; 112:714-723. [PMID: 28256231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood clot contraction (retraction) is driven by platelet-generated forces propagated by the fibrin network and results in clot shrinkage and deformation of erythrocytes. To elucidate the mechanical nature of this process, we developed a model that combines an active contractile motor element with passive viscoelastic elements. Despite its importance for thrombosis and wound healing, clot contraction is poorly understood. This model predicts how clot contraction occurs due to active contractile platelets interacting with a viscoelastic material, rather than to the poroelastic nature of fibrin, and explains the observed dynamics of clot size, ultrastructure, and measured forces. Mechanically passive erythrocytes and fibrin are present in series and parallel to active contractile cells. This mechanical interplay induces compressive and tensile resistance, resulting in increased contractile force and a reduced extent of contraction in the presence of erythrocytes. This experimentally validated model provides the fundamental mechanical basis for understanding contraction of blood clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Tutwiler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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27
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Chu S, Sridhar SL, Akalp U, Skaalure SC, Vernerey FJ, Bryant SJ. * Understanding the Spatiotemporal Degradation Behavior of Aggrecanase-Sensitive Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Use in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:795-810. [PMID: 28351221 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-sensitive hydrogels are promising cell delivery vehicles for cartilage tissue engineering. However, a better understanding of their spatiotemporal degradation behavior and its impact on tissue growth is needed. The goal of this study was to combine experimental and computational approaches to provide new insights into spatiotemporal changes in hydrogel crosslink density and extracellular matrix (ECM) growth and how these changes influence the evolving macroscopic properties as a function of time. Hydrogels were designed from aggrecanase-sensitive peptide crosslinks using a simple and robust thiol-norbornene photoclick reaction. To study the influence of variations in cellular activity of different donors, chondrocytes were isolated from either juvenile or adult bovine donors. Initial studies were performed to validate and calibrate the model against experiments. Through this process, two key features were identified. These included spatial variations in the hydrogel crosslink density in the immediate vicinity of the cell and the presence of cell clustering within the construct. When these spatial heterogeneities were incorporated into the computational model along with model inputs of initial hydrogel properties and cellular activity (i.e., enzyme and ECM production rates), the model was able to capture the spatial and temporal evolution of ECM growth that was observed experimentally for both donors. In this study, the juvenile chondrocytes produced an interconnected matrix within the cell clusters leading to overall improved ECM growth, while the adult chondrocytes resulted in poor ECM growth. Overall, the computational model was able to capture the spatiotemporal ECM growth of two different donors and provided new insights into the importance of spatial heterogeneities in facilitating ECM growth. Our long-term goal is to use this model to predict optimal hydrogel designs for a wide range of donors and improve cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chu
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Umut Akalp
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Stacey C Skaalure
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Franck J Vernerey
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado.,4 Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado.,3 BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado.,4 Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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28
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Shultz RB, Wang Z, Nong J, Zhang Z, Zhong Y. Local delivery of thyroid hormone enhances oligodendrogenesis and myelination after spinal cord injury. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:036014. [PMID: 28358726 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes apoptosis of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs) and demyelination of surviving axons, resulting in conduction failure. Remyelination of surviving denuded axons provides a promising therapeutic target for spinal cord repair. While cell transplantation has demonstrated efficacy in promoting remyelination and functional recovery, the lack of ideal cell sources presents a major obstacle to clinical application. The adult spinal cord contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells and multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into mature, myelinating OLs. However, endogenous oligodendrogenesis and remyelination processes are limited by the upregulation of remyelination-inhibitory molecules in the post-injury microenvironment. Multiple growth factors/molecules have been shown to promote OL differentiation and myelination. APPROACH In this study we screened these therapeutics and found that 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine (T3) is the most effective in promoting oligodendrogenesis and OL maturation in vitro. However, systemic administration of T3 to achieve therapeutic doses in the injured spinal cord is likely to induce hyperthyroidism, resulting in serious side effects. MAIN RESULTS In this study we developed a novel hydrogel-based drug delivery system for local delivery of T3 to the injury site without eliciting systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Using a clinically relevant cervical contusion injury model, we demonstrate that local delivery of T3 at doses comparable to safe human doses promoted new mature OL formation and myelination after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Shultz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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29
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Parmar PA, St-Pierre JP, Chow LW, Spicer CD, Stoichevska V, Peng YY, Werkmeister JA, Ramshaw JAM, Stevens MM. Enhanced articular cartilage by human mesenchymal stem cells in enzymatically mediated transiently RGDS-functionalized collagen-mimetic hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:75-88. [PMID: 28087486 PMCID: PMC5360098 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation of the articular cartilage microenvironment for regenerative medicine applications faces significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic biochemical and biomechanical nature of native tissue. Towards the goal of biomaterial designs that enable the temporal presentation of bioactive sequences, recombinant bacterial collagens such as Streptococcal collagen-like 2 (Scl2) proteins can be employed to incorporate multiple specific bioactive and biodegradable peptide motifs into a single construct. Here, we first modified the backbone of Scl2 with glycosaminoglycan-binding peptides and cross-linked the modified Scl2 into hydrogels via matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)-cleavable or non-cleavable scrambled peptides. The cross-linkers were further functionalized with a tethered RGDS peptide creating a system whereby the release from an MMP7-cleavable hydrogel could be compared to a system where release is not possible. The release of the RGDS peptide from the degradable hydrogels led to significantly enhanced expression of collagen type II (3.9-fold increase), aggrecan (7.6-fold increase), and SOX9 (5.2-fold increase) by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) undergoing chondrogenesis, as well as greater extracellular matrix accumulation compared to non-degradable hydrogels (collagen type II; 3.2-fold increase, aggrecan; 4-fold increase, SOX9; 2.8-fold increase). Hydrogels containing a low concentration of the RGDS peptide displayed significantly decreased collagen type I and X gene expression profiles, suggesting a major advantage over either hydrogels functionalized with a higher RGDS peptide concentration, or non-degradable hydrogels, in promoting an articular cartilage phenotype. These highly versatile Scl2 hydrogels can be further manipulated to improve specific elements of the chondrogenic response by hMSCs, through the introduction of additional bioactive and/or biodegradable motifs. As such, these hydrogels have the possibility to be used for other applications in tissue engineering. Statement of Significance Recapitulating aspects of the native tissue biochemical microenvironment faces significant challenges in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to the complex and dynamic nature of the tissue. The ability to take advantage of, mimic, and modulate cell-mediated processes within novel naturally-derived hydrogels is of great interest in the field of biomaterials to generate constructs that more closely resemble the biochemical microenvironment and functions of native biological tissues such as articular cartilage. Towards this goal, the temporal presentation of bioactive sequences such as RGDS on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is considered important as it has been shown to influence the chondrogenic phenotype. Here, a novel and versatile platform to recreate a high degree of biological complexity is proposed, which could also be applicable to other tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh A Parmar
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia; Division of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yong Y Peng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - John A M Ramshaw
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Division of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Ding X, Wang Y. Weak Bond-Based Injectable and Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:887-906. [PMID: 29062484 PMCID: PMC5650238 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we define hydrogels crosslinked by weak bonds as physical hydrogels. They possess unique features including reversible bonding, shear thinning and stimuli-responsiveness. Unlike covalently crosslinked hydrogels, physical hydrogels do not require triggers to initiate chemical reactions for in situ gelation. The drug can be fully loaded in a pre-formed hydrogel for delivery with minimal cargo leakage during injection. These benefits make physical hydrogels useful as delivery vehicles for applications in biomedical engineering. This review focuses on recent advances of physical hydrogels crosslinked by weak bonds: hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, host-guest chemistry, hydrophobic interactions, coordination bonds and π-π stacking interactions. Understanding the principles and the state of the art of gels with these dynamic bonds may give rise to breakthroughs in many biomedical research areas including drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Department of Bioengineering and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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31
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Parmar PA, Skaalure SC, Chow LW, St-Pierre JP, Stoichevska V, Peng YY, Werkmeister JA, Ramshaw JAM, Stevens MM. Temporally degradable collagen-mimetic hydrogels tuned to chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 99:56-71. [PMID: 27214650 PMCID: PMC4910873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies for repairing and regenerating articular cartilage face critical challenges to recapitulate the dynamic and complex biochemical microenvironment of native tissues. One approach to mimic the biochemical complexity of articular cartilage is through the use of recombinant bacterial collagens as they provide a well-defined biological 'blank template' that can be modified to incorporate bioactive and biodegradable peptide sequences within a precisely defined three-dimensional system. We customized the backbone of a Streptococcal collagen-like 2 (Scl2) protein with heparin-binding, integrin-binding, and hyaluronic acid-binding peptide sequences previously shown to modulate chondrogenesis and then cross-linked the recombinant Scl2 protein with a combination of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)- and aggrecanase (ADAMTS4)-cleavable peptides at varying ratios to form biodegradable hydrogels with degradation characteristics matching the temporal expression pattern of these enzymes in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during chondrogenesis. hMSCs encapsulated within the hydrogels cross-linked with both degradable peptides exhibited enhanced chondrogenic characteristics as demonstrated by gene expression and extracellular matrix deposition compared to the hydrogels cross-linked with a single peptide. Additionally, these combined peptide hydrogels displayed increased MMP7 and ADAMTS4 activities and yet increased compression moduli after 6 weeks, suggesting a positive correlation between the degradation of the hydrogels and the accumulation of matrix by hMSCs undergoing chondrogenesis. Our results suggest that including dual degradation motifs designed to respond to enzymatic activity of hMSCs going through chondrogenic differentiation led to improvements in chondrogenesis. Our hydrogel system demonstrates a bimodal enzymatically degradable biological platform that can mimic native cellular processes in a temporal manner. As such, this novel collagen-mimetic protein, cross-linked via multiple enzymatically degradable peptides, provides a highly adaptable and well defined platform to recapitulate a high degree of biological complexity, which could be applicable to numerous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh A Parmar
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Stacey C Skaalure
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yong Y Peng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - John A M Ramshaw
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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32
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Patton AJ, Poole-Warren LA, Green RA. Mechanisms for Imparting Conductivity to Nonconductive Polymeric Biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1103-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rylie A. Green
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; University of New South Wales
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33
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Zhao S, Chen Y, Partlow BP, Golding AS, Tseng P, Coburn J, Applegate MB, Moreau JE, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Bio-functionalized silk hydrogel microfluidic systems. Biomaterials 2016; 93:60-70. [PMID: 27077566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bio-functionalized microfluidic systems were developed based on a silk protein hydrogel elastomeric materials. A facile multilayer fabrication method using gelatin sacrificial molding and layer-by-layer assembly was implemented to construct interconnected, three dimensional (3D) microchannel networks in silk hydrogels at 100 μm minimum feature resolution. Mechanically activated valves were implemented to demonstrate pneumatic control of microflow. The silk hydrogel microfluidics exhibit controllable mechanical properties, long-term stability in various environmental conditions, tunable in vitro and in vivo degradability in addition to optical transparency, providing unique features for cell/tissue-related applications than conventional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and existing hydrogel-based microfluidic options. As demonstrated in the work here, the all aqueous-based fabrication process at ambient conditions enabled the incorporation of active biological substances in the bulk phase of these new silk microfluidic systems during device fabrication, including enzymes and living cells, which are able to interact with the fluid flow in the microchannels. These silk hydrogel-based microfluidic systems offer new opportunities in engineering active diagnostic devices, tissues and organs that could be integrated in vivo, and for on-chip cell sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Anne S Golding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Peter Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Matthew B Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jodie E Moreau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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34
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Xu W, Qian J, Zhang Y, Suo A, Cui N, Wang J, Yao Y, Wang H. A double-network poly(Nɛ-acryloyl L-lysine)/hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a mimic of the breast tumor microenvironment. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:131-41. [PMID: 26805429 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the structure of breast tumor microenvironment, novel double-network poly(Nɛ-acryloyl L-lysine)/hyaluronic acid (pLysAAm/HA) hydrogels were fabricated by a two-step photo-polymerization process for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. The morphology, mechanical properties, swelling and degradation behaviors of pLysAAm/HA hydrogels were investigated. The growth behavior and function of MCF-7 cells cultured on the hydrogels and standard 2D culture plates were compared. The results showed that pLysAAm/HA hydrogels had a highly porous microstructure with a double network and that their mechanical properties, swelling ratio and degradation rate depended on the degree of methacrylation of HA. The results of in vitro studies revealed that the pLysAAm/HA hydrogels could support MCF-7 cell adhesion, promote cell proliferation, and induce the diversification of cell morphologies and overexpression of VEGF, IL-8 and bFGF. The MCF-7 cells cultured on 3D hydrogels showed significantly increased migration and invasion abilities as compared to 2D-cultured cells. Preliminary in vivo results confirmed that the 3D culture of MCF-7 cells resulted in greater tumorigenesis than their 2D culture. These results indicate that the pLysAAm/HA hydrogels can provide a 3D microenvironment for MCF-7 cells that is more representative of the in vivo breast cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Traditional 2D cell cultures cannot ideally represent their in vivo physiological conditions. In this work, we reported a method for preparing double-network poly(Nɛ-acryloyl L-lysine)/hyaluronic acid hydrogel, and demonstrated its suitability for use in mimicing breast tumor microenvironment. Results showed the prepared hydrogels had controllable mechanical properties, swelling ratio and degradation rate. The MCF-7 cells cultured in hydrogels expressed much higher levels of pro-angiogenic growth factors and displayed significantly enhanced migration and invasion abilities. The tumorigenic capability of MCF-7 cells pre-cultured in 3D hydrogels was enhanced significantly. Therefore, the novel hydrogel may provide a more physiologically relevant 3D in vitro model for breast cancer research. To our knowledge, this is the first report assessing a HA-based double-network hydrogel used as a tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ning Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hejing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Steinmetz NJ, Aisenbrey EA, Westbrook KK, Qi HJ, Bryant SJ. Mechanical loading regulates human MSC differentiation in a multi-layer hydrogel for osteochondral tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2015; 21:142-53. [PMID: 25900444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired multi-layer hydrogel was developed for the encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a platform for osteochondral tissue engineering. The spatial presentation of biochemical cues, via incorporation of extracellular matrix analogs, and mechanical cues, via both hydrogel crosslink density and externally applied mechanical loads, were characterized in each layer. A simple sequential photopolymerization method was employed to form stable poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels with a soft cartilage-like layer of chondroitin sulfate and low RGD concentrations, a stiff bone-like layer with high RGD concentrations, and an intermediate interfacial layer. Under a compressive load, the variation in hydrogel stiffness within each layer produced high strains in the soft cartilage-like layer, low strains in the stiff bone-like layer, and moderate strains in the interfacial layer. When hMSC-laden hydrogels were cultured statically in osteochondral differentiation media, the local biochemical and matrix stiffness cues were not sufficient to spatially guide hMSC differentiation after 21 days. However dynamic mechanical stimulation led to differentially high expression of collagens with collagen II in the cartilage-like layer, collagen X in the interfacial layer and collagen I in the bone-like layer and mineral deposits localized to the bone layer. Overall, these findings point to external mechanical stimulation as a potent regulator of hMSC differentiation toward osteochondral cellular phenotypes.
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36
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Guglielmi P, Herbert E, Tartivel L, Behl M, Lendlein A, Huber N, Lilleodden E. Mechanical characterization of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels by dynamic nanoindentation experiments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Zhan Y, Niu X. Tuning methods and mechanical modelling of hydrogels. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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38
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Kinneberg KRC, Nelson A, Stender ME, Aziz AH, Mozdzen LC, Harley BAC, Bryant SJ, Ferguson VL. Reinforcement of Mono- and Bi-layer Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels with a Fibrous Collagen Scaffold. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2618-29. [PMID: 26001970 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based tissue engineering strategies hold great promise for osteochondral tissue repair. Yet significant challenges remain in joining highly dissimilar materials to achieve a biomimetic, mechanically robust design for repairing interfaces between soft tissue and bone. This study sought to improve interfacial properties and function in a bi-layer hydrogel interpenetrated with a fibrous collagen scaffold. 'Soft' 10% (w/w) and 'stiff' 30% (w/w) PEGDM was formed into mono- or bi-layer hydrogels possessing a sharp diffusional interface. Hydrogels were evaluated as single-(hydrogel only) or multi-phase (hydrogel + fibrous scaffold penetrating throughout the stiff layer and extending >500 μm into the soft layer). Including a fibrous scaffold into both soft and stiff mono-layer hydrogels significantly increased tangent modulus and toughness and decreased lateral expansion under compressive loading. Finite element simulations predicted substantially reduced stress and strain gradients across the soft-stiff hydrogel interface in multi-phase, bilayer hydrogels. When combining two low moduli constituent materials, composites theory poorly predicts the observed, large modulus increases. These results suggest material structure associated with the fibrous scaffold penetrating within the PEG hydrogel as the major contributor to improved properties and function-the hydrogel bore compressive loads and the 3D fibrous scaffold was loaded in tension thus resisting lateral expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R C Kinneberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Drive; UCB 427, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M E Stender
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Drive; UCB 427, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - A H Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L C Mozdzen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - B A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - S J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Material Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - V L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Drive; UCB 427, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA. .,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Material Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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39
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Utomo L, Pleumeekers MM, Nimeskern L, Nürnberger S, Stok KS, Hildner F, van Osch GJVM. Preparation and characterization of a decellularized cartilage scaffold for ear cartilage reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:015010. [PMID: 25586138 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds are widely used to reconstruct cartilage. Yet, the fabrication of a scaffold with a highly organized microenvironment that closely resembles native cartilage remains a major challenge. Scaffolds derived from acellular extracellular matrices are able to provide such a microenvironment. Currently, no report specifically on decellularization of full thickness ear cartilage has been published. In this study, decellularized ear cartilage scaffolds were prepared and extensively characterized. Cartilage decellularization was optimized to remove cells and cell remnants from elastic cartilage. Following removal of nuclear material, the obtained scaffolds retained their native collagen and elastin contents as well as their architecture and shape. High magnification scanning electron microscopy showed no obvious difference in matrix density after decellularization. However, glycosaminoglycan content was significantly reduced, resulting in a loss of viscoelastic properties. Additionally, in contact with the scaffolds, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells remained viable and are able to differentiate toward the chondrogenic lineage when cultured in vitro. These results, including the ability to decellularize whole human ears, highlight the clinical potential of decellularization as an improved cartilage reconstruction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Utomo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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40
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Toyjanova J, Hannen E, Bar-Kochba E, Darling EM, Henann DL, Franck C. 3D Viscoelastic traction force microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8095-106. [PMID: 25170569 PMCID: PMC4176508 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Native cell-material interactions occur on materials differing in their structural composition, chemistry, and physical compliance. While the last two decades have shown the importance of traction forces during cell-material interactions, they have been almost exclusively presented on purely elastic in vitro materials. Yet, most bodily tissue materials exhibit some level of viscoelasticity, which could play an important role in how cells sense and transduce tractions. To expand the realm of cell traction measurements and to encompass all materials from elastic to viscoelastic, this paper presents a general, and comprehensive approach for quantifying 3D cell tractions in viscoelastic materials. This methodology includes the experimental characterization of the time-dependent material properties for any viscoelastic material with the subsequent mathematical implementation of the determined material model into a 3D traction force microscopy (3D TFM) framework. Utilizing this new 3D viscoelastic TFM (3D VTFM) approach, we quantify the influence of viscosity on the overall material traction calculations and quantify the error associated with omitting time-dependent material effects, as is the case for all other TFM formulations. We anticipate that the 3D VTFM technique will open up new avenues of cell-material investigations on even more physiologically relevant time-dependent materials including collagen and fibrin gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennet Toyjanova
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St. Box D, Providence, RI, USA.
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41
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Shock absorbing function study on denucleated intervertebral disc with or without hydrogel injection through static and dynamic biomechanical tests in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:461724. [PMID: 25045680 PMCID: PMC4090528 DOI: 10.1155/2014/461724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel injection has been recently proposed as a novel therapy for disc degenerative diseases, with the potential to restore the spine motion and the intervertebral disc height. However, it remains unknown whether the new technique could also maintain the shock absorbing property of the treated intervertebral disc. In this study, 18 porcine lumbar bone-disc-bone specimens were collected and randomly divided into three groups: the normal with intact intervertebral discs, the mimic for the injection of disulfide cross-linked hyaluronan hydrogels following discectomy, and the control disc with discectomy only. In the static compression test, specimens in the mimic group exhibited displacements similar to those in the normal discs, whereas the control group showed a significantly larger displacement range in the first two steps (P < 0.05). With the frequency increasing, all specimens generally displayed an increasing storage modulus, decreasing loss modulus, and tanδ. At any frequency point, the control group exhibited the largest value in all the three parameters among three groups while the normal group was the lowest, with the mimic group being mostly close to the normal group. Therefore, the hydrogel injection into the intervertebral discs greatly restored their shock absorbing function, suggesting that the technique could serve as an effective approach to maintaining biomechanical properties of the degenerative intervertebral disc.
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42
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Li L, Kiick KL. Transient dynamic mechanical properties of resilin-based elastomeric hydrogels. Front Chem 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 24809044 PMCID: PMC4009447 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outstanding high-frequency properties of emerging resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) have motivated their development for vocal fold tissue regeneration and other applications. Recombinant RLP hydrogels show efficient gelation, tunable mechanical properties, and display excellent extensibility, but little has been reported about their transient mechanical properties. In this manuscript, we describe the transient mechanical behavior of new RLP hydrogels investigated via both sinusoidal oscillatory shear deformation and uniaxial tensile testing. Oscillatory stress relaxation and creep experiments confirm that RLP-based hydrogels display significantly reduced stress relaxation and improved strain recovery compared to PEG-based control hydrogels. Uniaxial tensile testing confirms the negligible hysteresis, reversible elasticity and superior resilience (up to 98%) of hydrated RLP hydrogels, with Young's modulus values that compare favorably with those previously reported for resilin and that mimic the tensile properties of the vocal fold ligament at low strain (<15%). These studies expand our understanding of the properties of these RLP materials under a variety of conditions, and confirm the unique applicability, for mechanically demanding tissue engineering applications, of a range of RLP hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA ; Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA ; Delaware Biotechnology Institute Newark, DE, USA
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43
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Guégan C, Garderes J, Le Pennec G, Gaillard F, Fay F, Linossier I, Herry JM, Fontaine MNB, Réhel KV. Alteration of bacterial adhesion induced by the substrate stiffness. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 114:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Yu F, Cao X, Li Y, Zeng L, Zhu J, Wang G, Chen X. Diels–Alder crosslinked HA/PEG hydrogels with high elasticity and fatigue resistance for cell encapsulation and articular cartilage tissue repair. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gelation time of Diels–Alder crosslinked HA/PEG hydrogels can be reduced to an appropriate level for cell encapsulation and survival. At the same time, the DA click reaction makes the gel highly resilient and resistant to cyclic compression loading, which biomimics native articular cartilage biomechanical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
| | - Lei Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou, PR China
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45
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Yu F, Cao X, Li Y, Zeng L, Yuan B, Chen X. An injectable hyaluronic acid/PEG hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering formed by integrating enzymatic crosslinking and Diels–Alder “click chemistry”. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00869j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Injectable HA/PEG hydrogel was crosslinked by integrating the enzymatic crosslinking and Diels–Alder click chemistry and showed excellent shape recovery and anti-fatigue properties at a high compressive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Yuli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Lei Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engendering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
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46
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Hydrogel/bioactive glass composites for bone regeneration applications: Synthesis and characterisation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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47
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Smith Callahan LA, Childers EP, Bernard SL, Weiner SD, Becker ML. Maximizing phenotype constraint and extracellular matrix production in primary human chondrocytes using arginine-glycine-aspartate concentration gradient hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7420-8. [PMID: 23567942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
New systematic approaches are necessary to determine and optimize the chemical and mechanical scaffold properties for hyaline cartilage generation using the limited cell numbers obtained from primary human sources. Peptide functionalized hydrogels possessing continuous variations in physico-chemical properties are an efficient three-dimensional platform for studying several properties simultaneously. Herein, we describe a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogel system possessing a gradient of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (RGD) concentrations from 0mM to 10mM. The system is used to correlate primary human osteoarthritic chondrocyte proliferation, phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix (ECM) production to the gradient hydrogel properties. Cell number and chondrogenic phenotype (CD14:CD90 ratios) were found to decline in regions with higher RGD concentrations, while regions with lower RGD concentrations maintained cell number and phenotype. Over three weeks of culture, hydrogel regions containing lower RGD concentrations experience an increase in ECM content compared to regions with higher RGD concentrations. Variations in actin amounts and vinculin organization were observed within the RGD concentration gradients that contribute to the differences in chondrogenic phenotype maintenance and ECM expression.
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48
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Smith Callahan LA, Ganios AM, Childers EP, Weiner SD, Becker ML. Primary human chondrocyte extracellular matrix formation and phenotype maintenance using RGD-derivatized PEGDM hydrogels possessing a continuous Young's modulus gradient. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6095-104. [PMID: 23291491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ex vivo methods for expanding primary human chondrocytes while maintaining the phenotype is critical to advancing the sourcing of autologous cells for tissue engineering applications. While there has been significant research reported in the literature, systematic approaches are necessary to determine and optimize the chemical and mechanical scaffold properties for hyaline cartilage generation using limited cell numbers. Functionalized hydrogels possessing continuous variations in physico-chemical properties are, therefore, an efficient three-dimensional platform for studying several properties simultaneously. Herein we describe a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogel system with a modulus gradient (~27,000-3800 Pa) containing a uniform concentration of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to enhance cell adhesion in order to correlate primary human osteoarthritic chondrocyte proliferation, phenotype maintenance, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production with hydrogel properties. Cell number and chondrogenic phenotype (CD14:CD90 ratios) were found to decline in regions with a higher storage modulus (>13,100 Pa), while regions with a lower storage modulus maintained their cell number and phenotype. Over 3 weeks culture hydrogel regions possessing a lower Young's modulus experienced an increase in ECM content (~200%) compared with regions with a higher storage modulus. Variations in the amount and organization of the cytoskeletal markers actin and vinculin were observed within the modulus gradient, which are indicative of differences in chondrogenic phenotype maintenance and ECM expression. Thus scaffold mechanical properties have a significant impact in modulating human osteoarthritic chondrocyte behavior and tissue formation.
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49
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Mathew J, Semenova Y, Farrell G. Effect of coating thickness on the sensitivity of a humidity sensor based on an Agarose coated photonic crystal fiber interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:6313-6320. [PMID: 23482200 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of coating thickness on the sensitivity of a relative humidity (RH) sensor based on an Agarose coated photonic crystal fiber interferometer for the first time. An experimental method is demonstrated to select an optimum coating thickness to achieve the highest sensitivity for a given RH sensing range. It is shown that the Refractive Index (RI) of the coating experienced by the mode interacting with the coating depends on the thickness of the coating. It is observed that the spectral shift of the interferometer depends on both the bulk RI change and the thickness change of the Agarose coating with respect to an RH change. The RH sensitivity of the sensor has a significant dependence on the thickness of the coating and the sensor with highest sensitivity shows a linear response for RH change in the range of 40-90% RH with a humidity resolution of 0.07%RH and a fast response time of 75 ms for an RH change from 50% to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinesh Mathew
- Photonics Research Center, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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50
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Farnsworth NL, Antunez LR, Bryant SJ. Dynamic compressive loading differentially regulates chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic activity with age. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2046-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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