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Nascimento ATD, Mendes AX, Duchi S, Duc D, Aguilar LC, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Nisbet DR, Stoddart PR, Silva SM, Moulton SE. Wired for Success: Probing the Effect of Tissue-Engineered Neural Interface Substrates on Cell Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3775-3791. [PMID: 38722625 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of GelMA-based hydrogels and their interactions with PC12 neural cells under electrical stimulation in the presence of conducting substrates. Focusing on indium tin oxide (ITO), platinum, and gold mylar substrates supporting conductive scaffolds composed of hydrogel, graphene oxide, and gold nanorods, we explored how the substrate materials affect scaffold conductivity and cell viability. We examined the impact of an optimized electrical stimulation protocol on the PC12 cell viability. According to our findings, substrate selection significantly influences conductive hydrogel behavior, affecting cell viability and proliferation as a result. In particular, the ITO substrates were found to provide the best support for cell viability with an average of at least three times higher metabolic activity compared to platinum and gold mylar substrates over a 7 day stimulation period. The study offers new insights into substrate selection as a platform for neural cell stimulation and underscores the critical role of substrate materials in optimizing the efficacy of neural interfaces for biomedical applications. In addition to extending existing work, this study provides a robust platform for future explorations aimed at tailoring the full potential of tissue-engineered neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira do Nascimento
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Alexandre X Mendes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Daniela Duc
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Lilith C Aguilar
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, The Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Badali V, Checa S, Zehn MM, Marinkovic D, Mohammadkhah M. Computational design and evaluation of the mechanical and electrical behavior of a piezoelectric scaffold: a preclinical study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1261108. [PMID: 38274011 PMCID: PMC10808828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric scaffolds have been recently developed to explore their potential to enhance the bone regeneration process using the concept of piezoelectricity, which also inherently occurs in bone. In addition to providing mechanical support during bone healing, with a suitable design, they are supposed to produce electrical signals that ought to favor the cell responses. In this study, using finite element analysis (FEA), a piezoelectric scaffold was designed with the aim of providing favorable ranges of mechanical and electrical signals when implanted in a large bone defect in a large animal model, so that it could inform future pre-clinical studies. A parametric analysis was then performed to evaluate the effect of the scaffold design parameters with regard to the piezoelectric behavior of the scaffold. The designed scaffold consisted of a porous strut-like structure with piezoelectric patches covering its free surfaces within the scaffold pores. The results showed that titanium or PCL for the scaffold and barium titanate (BT) for the piezoelectric patches are a promising material combination to generate favorable ranges of voltage, as reported in experimental studies. Furthermore, the analysis of variance showed the thickness of the piezoelectric patches to be the most influential geometrical parameter on the generation of electrical signals in the scaffold. This study shows the potential of computer tools for the optimization of scaffold designs and suggests that patches of piezoelectric material, attached to the scaffold surfaces, can deliver favorable ranges of electrical stimuli to the cells that might promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Badali
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Zehn
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragan Marinkovic
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melika Mohammadkhah
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gu Y, Miao F, Liu K, Su Y, Wei Y, Hu Y, Lian X, Han W, Chen W, Huang D. Fabrication of gelatin methacryloyl/graphene oxide conductive hydrogel for bone repair. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2076-2090. [PMID: 37212466 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2217063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ideal bone repair materials possess a series of properties, such as injectability, good mechanical properties and bone inducibility. In the present study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and graphene oxide (GO) were selected to prepare conductive hydrogel by changing the concentration of GelMA and GO during the cross-link process. The effects of different contents of GelMA and GO to the hydrogel performance were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel kept 16.37 ± 1.89 KPa after adding 0.1% GO, while the conductivity was improved to 1.36 ± 0.09 μS/cm. The porosity of hydrogel before and after mineralization could reach more than 90%. The mechanical properties of mineralized hydrogel was improved significantly, could reach 26.38 ± 2.29 KPa. Cell experiments indicated that the mineralized hydrogel with electrical stimulation obviously improve the alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells. GelMA/GO conductive hydrogel could be a promising candidate for bone repair and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Fenyan Miao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yimeng Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weimo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
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Adler C, Monavari M, Abraham GA, Boccaccini AR, Ghorbani F. Mussel-inspired polydopamine decorated silane modified-electroconductive gelatin-PEDOT:PSS scaffolds for bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15960-15974. [PMID: 37250225 PMCID: PMC10214007 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to simulate both the chemistry and piezoelectricity of bone by synthesizing electroconductive silane-modified gelatin-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) scaffolds using the freeze drying technique. In order to enhance hydrophilicity, cell interaction, and biomineralization, the scaffolds were functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) inspired by mussels. Physicochemical, electrical, and mechanical analyses were conducted on the scaffolds, as well as in vitro evaluations using the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. It was found that scaffolds had interconnected porous structures, so the PDA layer formation reduced the size of pores while maintaining scaffold uniformity. PDA functionalization reduced the electrical resistance of the constructs while improving their hydrophilicity, compressive strength, and modulus. As a result of the PDA functionalization and the use of silane coupling agents, higher stability and durability were achieved as well as an improvement in biomineralization capability after being soaked in SBF solution for a month. Additionally, the PDA coating enabled the constructs to enhance viability, adhesion, and proliferation of MG-63 cells, as well as to express alkaline phosphatase and deposit HA, indicating that scaffolds can be used for bone regeneration. Therefore, the PDA-coated scaffolds developed in this study and the non-toxic performance of PEDOT:PSS present a promising approach for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Adler
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Gustavo A Abraham
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
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5
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Borges MHR, Nagay BE, Costa RC, Souza JGS, Mathew MT, Barão VAR. Recent advances of polypyrrole conducting polymer film for biomedical application: Toward a viable platform for cell-microbial interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102860. [PMID: 36931199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most studied conductive polymers due to its electrical conductivity and biological properties, which drive the possibility of numerous applications in the biomedical area. The physical-chemical features of PPy allow the manufacture of biocompatible devices, enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, owing to the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged bacterial cell wall and the positive charges in the polymer structure, PPy films can perform an effective antimicrobial activity. PPy is also frequently associated with biocompatible agents and antimicrobial compounds to improve the biological response. Thus, this comprehensive review appraised the available evidence regarding the PPy-based films deposited on metallic implanted devices for biomedical applications. We focus on understanding key concepts that could influence PPy attributes regarding antimicrobial effect and cell behavior under in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we unravel the several agents incorporated into the PPy film and strategies to improve its functionality. Our findings suggest that incorporating other elements into the PPy films, such as antimicrobial agents, biomolecules, and other biocompatible polymers, may improve the biological responses. Overall, the basic properties of PPy, when combined with other composites, electrostimulation techniques, or surface treatment methods, offer great potential in biocompatibility and/or antimicrobial activities. However, challenges in synthesis standardization and potential limitations such as low adhesion and mechanical strength of the film must be overcome to improve and broaden the application of PPy film in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H R Borges
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
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6
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Fluid shear stress promotes osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells at early matrix maturity phase through Lamin A/ METTL3 signal axis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Guillot-Ferriols M, García-Briega MI, Tolosa L, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S, Gómez Ribelles JL, Gallego Ferrer G. Magnetically Activated Piezoelectric 3D Platform Based on Poly(Vinylidene) Fluoride Microspheres for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Gels 2022; 8:680. [PMID: 36286181 PMCID: PMC9602007 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic commitment before injection enhances bone regeneration therapy results. Piezoelectric stimulation may be an effective cue to promote MSCs pre-differentiation, and poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) cell culture supports, when combined with CoFe2O4 (CFO), offer a wireless in vitro stimulation strategy. Under an external magnetic field, CFO shift and magnetostriction deform the polymer matrix varying the polymer surface charge due to the piezoelectric effect. To test the effect of piezoelectric stimulation on MSCs, our approach is based on a gelatin hydrogel with embedded MSCs and PVDF-CFO electroactive microspheres. Microspheres were produced by electrospray technique, favouring CFO incorporation, crystallisation in β-phase (85%) and a crystallinity degree of around 55%. The absence of cytotoxicity of the 3D construct was confirmed 24 h after cell encapsulation. Cells were viable, evenly distributed in the hydrogel matrix and surrounded by microspheres, allowing local stimulation. Hydrogels were stimulated using a magnetic bioreactor, and no significant changes were observed in MSCs proliferation in the short or long term. Nevertheless, piezoelectric stimulation upregulated RUNX2 expression after 7 days, indicating the activation of the osteogenic differentiation pathway. These results open the door for optimising a stimulation protocol allowing the application of the magnetically activated 3D electroactive cell culture support for MSCs pre-differentiation before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guillot-Ferriols
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Inmaculada García-Briega
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Guillot-Ferriols M, Lanceros-Méndez S, Gómez Ribelles JL, Gallego Ferrer G. Electrical stimulation: Effective cue to direct osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells? BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212918. [PMID: 35913228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a major role in bone tissue engineering (BTE) thanks to their capacity for osteogenic differentiation and being easily available. In vivo, MSCs are exposed to an electroactive microenvironment in the bone niche, which has piezoelectric properties. The correlation between the electrically active milieu and bone's ability to adapt to mechanical stress and self-regenerate has led to using electrical stimulation (ES) as physical cue to direct MSCs differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage in BTE. This review summarizes the different techniques to electrically stimulate MSCs to induce their osteoblastogenesis in vitro, including general electrical stimulation and substrate mediated stimulation by means of conductive or piezoelectric cell culture supports. Several aspects are covered, including stimulation parameters, treatment times and cell culture media to summarize the best conditions for inducing MSCs osteogenic commitment by electrical stimulation, from a critical point of view. Electrical stimulation activates different signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) Smad-dependent or independent, regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38. The roles of voltage gate calcium channels (VGCC) and integrins are also highlighted according to their application technique and parameters, mainly converging in the expression of RUNX2, the master regulator of the osteogenic differentiation pathway. Despite the evident lack of homogeneity in the approaches used, the ever-increasing scientific evidence confirms ES potential as an osteoinductive cue, mimicking aspects of the in vivo microenvironment and moving one step forward to the translation of this approach into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillot-Ferriols
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Universidade do Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J L Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
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9
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Haroutunian GG, Tsaghikian A, Fedorova E, Chaurasia P, Gusella GL, Mosoian A. Electromagnetic Fields Generated by the IteraCoil Device Differentiate Mesenchymal Stem Progenitor Cells Into the Osteogenic Lineage. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:245-256. [PMID: 35391494 PMCID: PMC9325380 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in mesenchymal stem progenitor cells (MSPCs) have rendered impetus into the area of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The main promise of future stem cell therapies is their reliance on autologous stem cells derived from adipose tissue, which also includes treatments of bone fractures and degeneration. The effectiveness of different electric devices utilized to reprogram MSPCs toward osteogenic differentiation has provided varying degrees of effectiveness for clinical use. Adipose tissue-derived MSPCs were flow-cytometrically characterized and further differentiated into osteoblasts by culturing either in growth medium with pro-osteogenic supplements or without supplements with alternating electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by IteraCoil. IteraCoil is a multi-solenoid coil with a specific complex geometry that creates a 3D-EMF with desired parameters without directly applying electrodes to the cells and tissues. The flow-cytometric analysis of highly enriched (≥95%) adipose-derived MSPCs (CD34- , CD73+ , CD90+ , and CD105+ ) was utilized for the study. Osteoblasts and chondrocyte differentiations were then assessed by specific staining and quantified using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). The osteoblastic differentiation of MSPCs cultured in regular medium and exposed to EMF at 0.05 and 1 kHz frequencies was compared with MSPCs cultured in a pro-osteogenic supplemented medium. In this study, we demonstrated that EMF from IteraCoil might have affected the signaling pathways that induce the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived MSPCs in the absence of exogenous osteogenic factors. Therefore, EMF-generated osteogenic differentiation of reprogrammed adipose-derived autologous MSPCs may treat the loss of osteoblasts and osteoporosis and open new avenues for the development of regenerative cellular therapy. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashot Tsaghikian
- Data Processing and Field Engineering Corp., Glendale, California
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10
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Kong Y, Duan J, Liu F, Han L, Li G, Sun C, Sang Y, Wang S, Yi F, Liu H. Regulation of stem cell fate using nanostructure-mediated physical signals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12828-12872. [PMID: 34661592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major issues in tissue engineering is regulation of stem cell differentiation toward specific lineages. Unlike biological and chemical signals, physical signals with adjustable properties can be applied to stem cells in a timely and localized manner, thus making them a hot topic for research in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering, and cell biology. According to the signals sensed by cells, physical signals used for regulating stem cell fate can be classified into six categories: mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, acoustic, and magnetic. In most cases, external macroscopic physical fields cannot be used to modulate stem cell fate, as only the localized physical signals accepted by the surface receptors can regulate stem cell differentiation via nanoscale fibrin polysaccharide fibers. However, surface receptors related to certain kinds of physical signals are still unknown. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of functional materials for energy conversion. Consequently, localized physical fields can be produced by absorbing energy from an external physical field and subsequently releasing another type of localized energy through functional nanostructures. Based on the above concepts, we propose a methodology that can be utilized for stem cell engineering and for the regulation of stem cell fate via nanostructure-mediated physical signals. In this review, the combined effect of various approaches and mechanisms of physical signals provides a perspective on stem cell fate promotion by nanostructure-mediated physical signals. We expect that this review will aid the development of remote-controlled and wireless platforms to physically guide stem cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, using optimized stimulation parameters and mechanistic investigations while driving the progress of research in the fields of materials science, cell biology, and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Neurological Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Chen FJ, Hsiao YS, Liao IH, Liu CT, Wu PI, Lin CY, Cheng NC, Yu J. Rational design of a highly porous electronic scaffold with concurrent enhancement in cell behaviors and differentiation under electrical stimulation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7674-7685. [PMID: 34586139 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers (CPs) have received increasing attention as promising materials for studying electrophysiological signals in cell and tissue engineering. The combination of CPs with electrical stimulation (ES) could possibly enhance neurogenesis, osteogenesis, and myogenesis. To date, research has been prioritized on capitalizing CPs as two-dimensional (2D) structures for guiding the differentiation. In contrast, relatively little is conducted on the implementation of 3D conductive scaffolds. In this research, we report the synergic assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a biocompatible, electrically conductive, mechanically robust and structurally porous 3D scaffold. To showcase the bioelectronic utilization, a proof-of-concept demonstration of electrically stimulated cell culture under ES is conducted. The ES effects coupled with the 3D scaffold are promising on pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12), a neuronal cell line, and the ES effect on osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) was further studied. PC12 cultured on this PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT 3D scaffolds was induced to differentiate toward a more mature neuronal phenotype with the ES treatment. Furthermore, hASC osteogenesis could be highly promoted in this conductive scaffold with ES. Calcium deposition concentration and osteo-differentiated gene markers were significantly higher with ES. The facile assembly of 3D conductive scaffolds sheds light on both platforms for investigating the 3D microenvironment for electrophysiological simulation of cells and tissues under the ES treatment of in vivo tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10607, Taiwan.
| | - I-Hsiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Po-I Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Yu Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10048, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da'an Dist., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
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Liu Z, Wan X, Wang ZL, Li L. Electroactive Biomaterials and Systems for Cell Fate Determination and Tissue Regeneration: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007429. [PMID: 34117803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Feig VR, Santhanam S, McConnell KW, Liu K, Azadian M, Brunel LG, Huang Z, Tran H, George PM, Bao Z. Conducting polymer-based granular hydrogels for injectable 3D cell scaffolds. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100162. [PMID: 34179344 PMCID: PMC8225239 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injectable 3D cell scaffolds possessing both electrical conductivity and native tissue-level softness would provide a platform to leverage electric fields to manipulate stem cell behavior. Granular hydrogels, which combine jamming-induced elasticity with repeatable injectability, are versatile materials to easily encapsulate cells to form injectable 3D niches. In this work, we demonstrate that electrically conductive granular hydrogels can be fabricated via a simple method involving fragmentation of a bulk hydrogel made from the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. These granular conductors exhibit excellent shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, as well as record-high electrical conductivity for an injectable 3D scaffold material (~10 S m-1). Their granular microstructure also enables them to easily encapsulate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, which were viable for at least 5 days within the injectable gel matrices. Finally, we demonstrate gel biocompatibility with minimal observed inflammatory response when injected into a rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Rachel Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Santhanam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kelly Wu McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matine Azadian
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucia Giulia Brunel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul M. George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
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Wang SF, Wu YC, Cheng YC, Hu WW. The Development of Polylactic Acid/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyethylene Glycol Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111740. [PMID: 34073347 PMCID: PMC8198519 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite electrospun fibers were fabricated to develop drug loaded scaffolds to promote bone tissue regeneration. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated to polylactic acid (PLA) to strengthen electrospun nanofibers. To modulate drug release behavior, different ratios of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to composite fibers. Glass transition temperature (Tg) can be reduced by the incorporated PEG to enhance the ductility of the nanofibers. The SEM images and the MTT results demonstrated that composite fibers are suitable scaffolds for cell adhesion and proliferation. Dexamethasone (DEX), an osteogenic inducer, was loaded to PLA/MWCNT/PEG fibers. The surface element analysis performed by XPS showed that fluorine of DEX in pristine PLA fibers was much higher than those of the MWCNT-containing fibers, suggesting that the pristine PLA fibers mainly load DEX on their surfaces, whereas MWCNTs can adsorb DEX with evenly distribution in nanofibers. Drug release experiments demonstrated that the release profiles of DEX were manipulated by the ratio of PEG, and that the more PEG in the nanofibers, the faster DEX was released. When rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) were seeded on these nanofibers, the Alizarin Red S staining and calcium quantification results demonstrated that loaded DEX were released to promote osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and facilitate mineralized tissue formation. These results indicated that the DEX-loaded PLA/MWCNT/PEG nanofibers not only enhanced mechanical strength, but also promoted osteogenesis of stem cells via the continuous release of DEX. The nanofibers should be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Wang
- Department of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10603, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (W.-W.H.); Tel.: +886-2-86461500 (ext. 2615) (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4227151 (ext. 34246) (W.-W.H.); Fax: +886-2-26907963 (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4252296 (W.-W.H.)
| | - Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (W.-W.H.); Tel.: +886-2-86461500 (ext. 2615) (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4227151 (ext. 34246) (W.-W.H.); Fax: +886-2-26907963 (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4252296 (W.-W.H.)
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Sandoval-Munoz CP, Haidar ZS. Neuro-Muscular Dentistry: the "diamond" concept of electro-stimulation potential for stomato-gnathic and oro-dental conditions. Head Face Med 2021; 17:2. [PMID: 33499906 PMCID: PMC7836574 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oro-Pharyngeal Dysphagia - or simply dysphagia - is the difficulty (persistent) in swallowing/passing food and/or liquid from the mouth to the pharynx into the esophagus and finally the stomach; a deglutition disorder (a symptom, by definition, often due to neuro-degenerative/−muscular, drug-induced or localized structural pathologies such as head and neck tumors, lesions and associated surgical and/or radiation injuries) linked to severe consequences on Quality of Life (QoL), including malnutrition, dehydration, and even sudden death. Likewise, Temporo-Mandibular Jaw and Joint disorder(s) – or simply TMD – is a multifactorial etiological condition, regularly encountered in the dental office. Whether due to malocclusion, bruxism, stress and/or trauma, TMD destabilizes the whole cranio-mandibular system structurally and functionally, via affecting mastication, teeth, supporting structures, comfort and aesthetics, and thus, QoL, again. While several treatment regimens do exist for such conditions, some of which have been standardized for use over the years, most continue to lack proper evidence-based literature support. Hence, (1) caution is to be exercised; and (2) the need for alternative therapeutic strategies is amplified, subsequently, the door for innovation is wide open. Indeed, neuromuscular electrical stimulation or “NMES”, is perhaps a fine example. Herein, we present the interested oro-dental health care provider with an up-dated revision of this therapeutic modality, its potential benefits, risks and concerns, to best handle the dysphagic patient: an intra-disciplinary approach or strategy bridging contemporary dentistry with speech and language therapy; a rather obscure and un-discovered yet critical allied health profession. A pre-clinical and clinical prospectus on employing inventive NMES-based regimens and devices to manage TMD is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina P Sandoval-Munoz
- BioMAT'X (Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Farmacéuticos y Bioingeniería de Tejidos Cráneo Máxilo-Facial), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12.455 - Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ziyad S Haidar
- BioMAT'X (Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Farmacéuticos y Bioingeniería de Tejidos Cráneo Máxilo-Facial), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12.455 - Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Programa de Doctorado en BioMedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12.455 - Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12.455 - Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12.455 - Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhao S, Mehta AS, Zhao M. Biomedical applications of electrical stimulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2681-2699. [PMID: 31974658 PMCID: PMC7954539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on the biomedical applications of electrical stimulation (EStim). EStim has a wide range of direct effects on both biomolecules and cells. These effects have been exploited to facilitate proliferation and functional development of engineered tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications. They have also been tested or used in clinics for pain mitigation, muscle rehabilitation, the treatment of motor/consciousness disorders, wound healing, and drug delivery. However, the research on fundamental mechanism of cellular response to EStim has fell behind its applications, which has hindered the full exploitation of the clinical potential of EStim. Moreover, despite the positive outcome from the in vitro and animal studies testing the efficacy of EStim, existing clinical trials failed to establish strong, conclusive supports for the therapeutic efficacy of EStim for most of the clinical applications mentioned above. Two potential directions of future research to improve the clinical utility of EStim are presented, including the optimization and standardization of the stimulation protocol and the development of more tissue-matching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhao
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center 985965, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Electric Phenomenon: A Disregarded Tool in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:24-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Srirussamee K, Mobini S, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Direct electrical stimulation enhances osteogenesis by inducing Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions from macrophages and preosteoblasts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3421-3432. [PMID: 31429922 PMCID: PMC6899728 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The capability of electrical stimulation (ES) in promoting bone regeneration has already been addressed in clinical studies. However, its mechanism is still being investigated and discussed. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrophages (J774A.1) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to ES and the faradic by-products from ES. It is found that pH of the culture media was not significantly changed, whereas the average hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased by 3.6 and 5.4 µM after 1 and 2 hr of ES, respectively. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 messenger RNAs was observed after 3 days of stimulation, which is consistent among two cell types. It is also found that Spp1 expression of macrophages was partially enhanced by faradic by-products. Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts was not observed during the early stage of ES as the level of Runx2 expression remains unchanged. However, cell proliferation was impaired by the excessive current density from the electrodes, and also faradic by-products in the case of macrophages. This study shows that macrophages could respond to ES and potentially contribute to the bone formation alongside preosteoblasts. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions induced by ES could be one of the mechanisms behind the electrically stimulated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nigel J Cassidy
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Electrical Stimulation through Conductive Substrate to Enhance Osteo-Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising cellular sources for bone healing. The acceleration of their differentiation should be beneficial to their clinical application. Therefore, a conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-made electrical stimulation (ES) device was fabricated to provide direct-current electric field (DCEF) treatment, and its effect on osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs was investigated in this study. To determine the optimal treating time, electrical field of 0.33 V/cm was applied to hDPSCs once for 4 h on different days after the osteo-induction. The alizarin red S staining results suggested that ES accelerated the mineralization rates of hDPSCs. The quantification analysis results revealed a nearly threefold enhancement in calcium deposition by ES at day 0, 2, and 4, whereas the promotion effect in later stages was in vain. To determine the ES-mediated signaling pathway, the expression of genes in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and related receptors were quantified using qPCR. In the early stages of osteo-differentiation, the mRNA levels of BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, and BMP5 were increased significantly in the ES groups, indicating that these genes were involved in the specific signaling routes induced by ES. We are the first using DCEF to improve the osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs, and our results promise the therapeutic applications of hDPSCs on cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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