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Han X, Yang Q, Lu Y, Xu M, Tao Q, Jiang S, He X, Bai Y, Zhang T, Bai L, Hu J, Zhu Y, Liu H, Li L. Genome-wide association study reveals the candidate genes of humerus quality in laying duck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103851. [PMID: 38806002 PMCID: PMC11154710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone plays a crucial role in poultry's health and production. However, during the selection and cage farming, there has been a decline in bone quality. As the development of breeding theory, researchers find that it's possible to enhance bone quality through selective breeding.This study measure 8 humerus quality in 260 samples of the 350-day-old female duck. By descripting the basic characteristic traits, mechanical property traits we found that all the bone quality traits had a large variable coefficient, especially mechanical properties trait (20-70%), indicating that there was a large difference in bone health status among laying ducks. The phenotypic correlations showed a high correlation between weight and density, diameter and perimeter, breaking and toughness (r = 0.52-0.68). And then, we performed the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal the candidate genes of humerus quality in ducks. Seven candidate protein-coding genes were identified with perimeter trait, and 52 protein-coding genes were associated with toughness trait. We also analysed the candidate region and performed KEGG and GO analyse for 75 candidate genes. Furthermore, the expression analyse of the above candidate genes in different stage of humerus and different tissues were performed. Finally, AP2A2, SMAD3, SMNDC1, NFIA, EPHB2, PMEPA1, UNC5C, ESR1, VAV3, NFATC2 deserve further focus. The obtained results can contribute to new insight into bone quality and provide new genetic biomarkers for application in duck breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yinjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mengru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuaixue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - HeHe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Nilsson KH, Henning P, Wu J, Sjögren K, Lerner UH, Ohlsson C, Movérare-Skrtic S. GREM2 inactivation increases trabecular bone mass in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12967. [PMID: 38839844 PMCID: PMC11153596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease affecting millions of individuals world-wide, with an increased risk of fracture, and a decreased quality of life. Despite its well-known consequences, the etiology of osteoporosis and optimal treatment methods are not fully understood. Human genetic studies have identified genetic variants within the FMN2/GREM2 locus to be associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and vertebral and forearm fractures, but not with cortical bone parameters. GREM2 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. In this study, we employed Grem2-deficient mice to investigate whether GREM2 serves as the plausible causal gene for the fracture signal at the FMN2/GREM2 locus. We observed that Grem2 is moderately expressed in bone tissue and particularly in osteoblasts. Complete Grem2 gene deletion impacted mouse survival and body growth. Partial Grem2 inactivation in Grem2+/- female mice led to increased trabecular BMD of femur and increased trabecular bone mass in tibia due to increased trabecular thickness, with an unchanged cortical thickness, as compared with wildtype littermates. Furthermore, Grem2 inactivation stimulated osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by higher alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteocalcin (Bglap), and osterix (Sp7) mRNA expression after BMP-2 stimulation in calvarial osteoblasts and osteoblasts from the long bones of Grem2-/- mice compared to wildtype littermates. These findings suggest that GREM2 is a possible target for novel osteoporotic treatments, to increase trabecular bone mass and prevent osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Nilsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Austin TR, Fink HA, Jalal DI, Törnqvist AE, Buzkova P, Barzilay JI, Lu T, Carbone L, Gabrielsen ME, Grahnemo L, Hveem K, Jonasson C, Kizer JR, Langhammer A, Mukamal KJ, Gerszten RE, Nethander M, Psaty BM, Robbins JA, Sun YV, Skogholt AH, Åsvold BO, Valderrabano RJ, Zheng J, Richards JB, Coward E, Ohlsson C. Large-scale circulating proteome association study (CPAS) meta-analysis identifies circulating proteins and pathways predicting incident hip fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:139-149. [PMID: 38477735 PMCID: PMC11070286 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip fractures are associated with significant disability, high cost, and mortality. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to hip fractures remain incompletely understood. In an exploratory search of the underlying biology as reflected through the circulating proteome, we performed a comprehensive Circulating Proteome Association Study (CPAS) meta-analysis for incident hip fractures. Analyses included 6430 subjects from two prospective cohort studies (Cardiovascular Health Study and Trøndelag Health Study) with circulating proteomics data (aptamer-based 5 K SomaScan version 4.0 assay; 4979 aptamers). Associations between circulating protein levels and incident hip fractures were estimated for each cohort using age and sex-adjusted Cox regression models. Participants experienced 643 incident hip fractures. Compared with the individual studies, inverse-variance weighted meta-analyses yielded more statistically significant associations, identifying 23 aptamers associated with incident hip fractures (conservative Bonferroni correction 0.05/4979, P < 1.0 × 10-5). The aptamers most strongly associated with hip fracture risk corresponded to two proteins of the growth hormone/insulin growth factor system (GHR and IGFBP2), as well as GDF15 and EGFR. High levels of several inflammation-related proteins (CD14, CXCL12, MMP12, ITIH3) were also associated with increased hip fracture risk. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified reduced LXR/RXR activation and increased acute phase response signaling to be overrepresented among those proteins associated with increased hip fracture risk. These analyses identified several circulating proteins and pathways consistently associated with incident hip fractures. These findings underscore the usefulness of the meta-analytic approach for comprehensive CPAS in a similar manner as has previously been observed for large-scale human genetic studies. Future studies should investigate the underlying biology of these potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Austin
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Howard A Fink
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 56401, United States
| | - Diana I Jalal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, United States
| | - Anna E Törnqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States
| | - Joshua I Barzilay
- Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, 30339, United States
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 0B1, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
| | - Laura Carbone
- Charlie Norwood VAMC, Augusta, GA, 30901, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Christian Jonasson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, 2446, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, 2446, United States
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics and Data Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo J Valderrabano
- Research Program in Men’s Health, Aging and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 2130, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eivind Coward
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nassar ES, Elnemr R, Shaaban A, Elhameed AA, Taleb RSZ. Association between AXIN1 gene polymorphism (rs9921222) of WNT signaling pathway and susceptibility to osteoporosis in Egyptian patients: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:527. [PMID: 37380960 PMCID: PMC10303865 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease. Numerous genetic loci are strongly related to OP. AXIN1 is a significant gene that serves an important role in the WNT signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the AXIN1 genetic polymorphism (rs9921222) and OP susceptibility. METHODS A total of 101 subjects were enrolled in the study (50 patients with OP and 51 healthy individuals). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, and the AXIN1 gene polymorphism (rs9921222) was genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between genotypes and OP risk. RESULTS We found that AXIN1 rs9921222 had a significant association with the susceptibility of OP under the homozygote model (TT vs. CC: OR = 16.6, CI = 2.03-136.4, p = 0.009), (CT vs. CC: OR = 6.3, CI = 1.23-31.8, p = 0.027), recessive genetic model (TT vs.TC-CC: OR = 13.6, CI = 1.7-110.4, p = 0.015), and the dominant model (TT-TC vs. CC: OR = 9.7, CI = 2.6-36.3, p < 0.001). Allele T was significantly associated with OP risk (T vs. C: OR = 10.5, CI = 3.5-31.15, p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between genotypes in mean platelet volume (p = 0.004), and platelet distribution width (p = 0.025). In addition, lumbar spine bone density, and femur neck bone density were significantly different between genotypes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AXIN1 rs9921222 was associated with OP susceptibility in the Egyptian population and should be considered a potential determinant risk for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Saad Nassar
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elnemr
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Department of Internal medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology division, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abd Elhameed
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Raghda Saad Zaghloul Taleb
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Cushing KC, Chen Y, Du X, Chen V, Kuppa A, Higgins P, Speliotes EK. Risk Variants in or Near ZBTB40 AND NFATC1 Increase the Risk of Both IBD and Adverse Bone Health Outcomes Highlighting Common Genetic Underpinnings Across Both Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:938-945. [PMID: 36680554 PMCID: PMC10465078 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. The aims of this study were to (1) confirm the association between IBD and low bone density and (2) test for shared risk variants across diseases. METHODS The study cohort included patients from the Michigan Genomics Initiative. Student's t tests (continuous) and chi-square tests (categorical) were used for univariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test the effect of IBD on osteoporosis or osteopenia. Publicly available genome-wide association summary statistics were used to identify variants that alter the risk of IBD and bone density, and Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to identify causal effects of genetically predicted IBD on bone density. RESULTS There were 51 405 individuals in the Michigan Genomics Initiative cohort including 10 378 (20.2%) cases of osteoporosis or osteopenia and 1404 (2.7%) cases of IBD. Patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia were more likely to be older (64 years of age vs 56 years of age; P < .001), female (67% vs 49%; P < .001), and have a lower body mass index (29 kg/m2 vs 30 kg/m2; P < .001). IBD patients with (odds ratio, 4.60; 95% confidence interval, 3.93-5.37) and without (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-2.21) steroid use had a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. Twenty-one IBD variants associated with reduced bone mineral density at P ≤ .05 and 3 IBD risk variants associated with reduced bone mineral density at P ≤ 5 × 10-8. Of the 3 genome-wide significant variants, 2 increased risk of IBD (rs12568930-T: MIR4418;ZBTB40; rs7236492-C: NFATC1). MR did not reveal a causal effect of genetically predicted IBD on bone density (MR Egger, P = .30; inverse variance weighted, P = .63). CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD are at increased risk for low bone density, independent of steroid use. Variants in or near ZBTB40 and NFATC1 are associated with an increased risk of IBD and low bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Cushing
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cottone L, Ligammari L, Lee HM, Knowles HJ, Henderson S, Bianco S, Davies C, Strauss S, Amary F, Leite AP, Tirabosco R, Haendler K, Schultze JL, Herrero J, O’Donnell P, Grigoriadis AE, Salomoni P, Flanagan AM. Aberrant paracrine signalling for bone remodelling underlies the mutant histone-driven giant cell tumour of bone. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2459-2471. [PMID: 36138226 PMCID: PMC9750984 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncohistones represent compelling evidence for a causative role of epigenetic perturbations in cancer. Giant cell tumours of bone (GCTs) are characterised by a mutated histone H3.3 as the sole genetic driver present in bone-forming osteoprogenitor cells but absent from abnormally large bone-resorbing osteoclasts which represent the hallmark of these neoplasms. While these striking features imply a pathogenic interaction between mesenchymal and myelomonocytic lineages during GCT development, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We show that the changes in the transcriptome and epigenome in the mesenchymal cells caused by the H3.3-G34W mutation contribute to increase osteoclast recruitment in part via reduced expression of the TGFβ-like soluble factor, SCUBE3. Transcriptional changes in SCUBE3 are associated with altered histone marks and H3.3G34W enrichment at its enhancer regions. In turn, osteoclasts secrete unregulated amounts of SEMA4D which enhances proliferation of mutated osteoprogenitors arresting their maturation. These findings provide a mechanism by which GCTs undergo differentiation in response to denosumab, a drug that depletes the tumour of osteoclasts. In contrast, hTERT alterations, commonly found in malignant GCT, result in the histone-mutated neoplastic cells being independent of osteoclasts for their proliferation, predicting unresponsiveness to denosumab. We provide a mechanism for the initiation of GCT, the basis of which is dysfunctional cross-talk between bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. The findings highlight the role of tumour/microenvironment bidirectional interactions in tumorigenesis and how this is exploited in the treatment of GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cottone
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Lorena Ligammari
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Hang-Mao Lee
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen J. Knowles
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (BLIC), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sara Bianco
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Christopher Davies
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Sandra Strauss
- grid.439749.40000 0004 0612 2754London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Ana Paula Leite
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Kristian Haendler
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Herrero
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (BLIC), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Paul O’Donnell
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis
- grid.239826.40000 0004 0391 895XCentre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
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7
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Hill EW, Stoffel MA, McGivney BA, MacHugh DE, Pemberton JM. Inbreeding depression and the probability of racing in the Thoroughbred horse. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220487. [PMID: 35765835 PMCID: PMC9240673 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small effective population sizes and active inbreeding can lead to inbreeding depression due to deleterious recessive mutations exposed in the homozygous state. The Thoroughbred racehorse has low levels of population genetic diversity, but the effects of genomic inbreeding in the population are unknown. Here, we quantified inbreeding based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) using 297 K SNP genotypes from 6128 horses born in Europe and Australia, of which 13.2% were unraced. We show that a 10% increase in inbreeding (FROH) is associated with a 7% lower probability of ever racing. Moreover, a ROH-based genome-wide association study identified a haplotype on ECA14 which, in its homozygous state, is linked to a 32.1% lower predicted probability of ever racing, independent of FROH. The haplotype overlaps a candidate gene, EFNA5, that is highly expressed in cartilage tissue, which when damaged is one of the most common causes of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in racehorses. Genomics-informed breeding aiming to reduce inbreeding depression and avoid damaging haplotype carrier matings will improve population health and racehorse welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline W. Hill
- Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dún Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Pottery Road, Dún Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland,UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Martin A. Stoffel
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Beatrice A. McGivney
- Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dún Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Pottery Road, Dún Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Josephine M. Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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8
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GATA4 and estrogen receptor alpha bind at SNPs rs9921222 and rs10794639 to regulate AXIN1 expression in osteoblasts. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1849-1861. [PMID: 35678873 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem that affects 200 million people worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near WNT/β-catenin signaling genes and bone mineral density (BMD). The activation of β-catenin by WNT ligands is required for osteoblast differentiation. SNP rs9921222 is an intronic variant of AXIN1 (a scaffold protein in the destruction complex that regulates β-catenin signaling) that correlates with BMD. However, the biological mechanism of SNP rs9921222 has never been reported. Here, we show that the genotype of SNP rs9921222 correlates with the expression of AXIN1 in human osteoblasts. RNA and genomic DNA were analyzed from primary osteoblasts from 111 different individuals. Homozygous TT at rs9921222 correlates with a higher expression of AXIN1 than homozygous CC. Regional association analysis showed that rs9921222 is in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with SNP rs10794639. In silico transcription factor analysis predicted that rs9921222 is within a GATA4 motif and rs10794639 is adjacent to an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) motif. Mechanistically, GATA4 and ERα bind at SNPs rs9921222 and rs10794639 as detected by ChIP-qPCR. Luciferase assays demonstrate that rs9921222 is the causal SNP to alter ERα and GATA4 binding. GATA4 promoted the expression, and in contrast, ERα suppressed the expression of AXIN1 via the histone deacetylase complex member SIN3A. Functionally, the level of AXIN1 negatively correlates with the level of transcriptionally active β-catenin. In summary, we have discovered a molecular mechanism of the SNP rs9921222 to regulate AXIN1 through GATA4 and ERα binding in human osteoblasts.
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9
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Ding J, He L, Li T, Yin Y. Research progress on the function of the amino acid transporter gene <italic>SLC1A3</italic> and its regulation mechanism of action in the nervous system and mitochondria. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Tharabenjasin P, Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H, Jinawath N. Associations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms with risk of fractures in older adult populations: meta-analysis of genetic and genome-wide association studies. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:563-575. [PMID: 34716467 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The meta-analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG) (TNFRSF11B) polymorphisms from genetic association studies and genome-wide association studies was performed in order to test the hypothesis of association between OPG polymorphisms and fracture. The findings showed a significant 13% to 37% protective effect of OPG on fractures in postmenopausal women (PSM) (rs2073618), overall, ≥ 60y and Western subjects (rs3134069 and rs3134070). PURPOSE Fractures in older people usually result from compromised bone integrity. The multifactorial aetiology of fractures includes both genetic and environmental factors. Inconsistency of reported associations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) (TNFRSF11B) polymorphisms with fracture in the older adult population warranted a meta-analysis to determine more precise estimates. METHODS We searched for all available literature on OPG (TNFRSF11B) and fracture. Four polymorphisms were examined, one exonic (rs2073618) and three intronic (rs3134069, rs3134070 and rs3102735). The first two intron polymorphisms were combined (OPGI: osteoprotegerin intron) on account of complete linkage disequilibrium. Risks were estimated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the allele-genotype model that included variant (var), wild-type (wt) and heterozygote (het). Multiple comparisons were Bonferroni-corrected. We used meta-regression to examine sources of heterogeneity. Zero heterogeneity (homogeneity: I2 = 0%) and high significance (Pa < 0.00001) were the criteria for strength of evidence. Significant outcomes were subjected to sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment. RESULTS From 13 articles (11 genetic association and two genome-wide), this meta-analysis generated five significant pooled ORs, all indicating reduced risks (ORs 0.44-0.87). Of the five, four highly significant comparisons (Pa ≤ 0.00001-0.002) survived the Bonferroni correction, one in rs2073618 het model of the postmenopausal women (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.92, I2 = 0%) and the other three in OPGI wt model of the overall analysis, ≥ 60 y and Western subjects (ORs 0.63-0.71, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, I2 = 97-99%). These findings were consistent, had high significance and high statistical power and were robust and without evidence of publication bias. Four covariates (year of publication, study quality, fracture type/site and sample size) were the sources of heterogeneity in the OPGI overall outcomes (Pa = 0.0001-0.03). CONCLUSION Evidence showed that the OPG (TNFRSF11B) polymorphisms reduced the risk for fracture in older adults, particularly protective among postmenopausal women, ≥ 60 y and Western subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - N Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - H Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Jinawath
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center (ICBS), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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11
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Liu A, Liu Y, Su KJ, Greenbaum J, Bai Y, Tian Q, Zhao LJ, Deng HW, Shen H. A transcriptome-wide association study to detect novel genes for volumetric bone mineral density. Bone 2021; 153:116106. [PMID: 34252604 PMCID: PMC8478845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) systematically investigate the association of genetically predicted gene expression with disease risk, providing an effective approach to identify novel susceptibility genes. Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, whereas genetic factors explain approximately 70% of the variance in phenotypes associated with bone. BMD is commonly assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to obtain measurements (g/cm2) of areal BMD. However, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measured 3D volumetric BMD (vBMD) (g/cm3) has important advantages compared with DXA since it can evaluate cortical and trabecular microstructural features of bone quality, which can be used to directly predict fracture risk. Here, we performed the first TWAS for volumetric BMD (vBMD) by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from two independent cohorts, namely the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, n = 3298) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS, n = 4641), with tissue-specific gene expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We first used stratified linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression approach to identify 12 vBMD-relevant tissues, for which vBMD heritability is enriched in tissue-specific genes of the given tissue. Focusing on these tissues, we subsequently leveraged GTEx expression reference panels to predict tissue-specific gene expression levels based on the genotype data from FHS and MrOS. The associations between predicted gene expression levels and vBMD variation were then tested by MultiXcan, an innovative TWAS method that integrates information available across multiple tissues. We identified 70 significant genes associated with vBMD, including some previously identified osteoporosis-related genes such as LYRM2 and NME8, as well as some novel loci such as DNAAF2 and SPAG16. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoporosis and highlight several novel vBMD-associated genes that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yuntong Bai
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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12
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Pitzer LM, Moroney MR, Nokoff NJ, Sikora MJ. WNT4 Balances Development vs Disease in Gynecologic Tissues and Women's Health. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272210. [PMID: 33963381 PMCID: PMC8197283 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT family of proteins is crucial in numerous developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis. WNT4, in particular, is uniquely implicated in the development of the female phenotype in the fetus, and in the maintenance of müllerian and reproductive tissues. WNT4 dysfunction or dysregulation can drive sex-reversal syndromes, highlighting the key role of WNT4 in sex determination. WNT4 is also critical in gynecologic pathologies later in life, including several cancers, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and infertility. The role of WNT4 in normal decidualization, implantation, and gestation is being increasingly appreciated, while aberrant activation of WNT4 signaling is being linked both to gynecologic and breast cancers. Notably, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the WNT4 gene locus are strongly associated with these pathologies and may functionally link estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling to upregulation and activation of WNT4 signaling. Importantly, in each of these developmental and disease states, WNT4 gene expression and downstream WNT4 signaling are regulated and executed by myriad tissue-specific pathways. Here, we review the roles of WNT4 in women's health with a focus on sex development, and gynecologic and breast pathologies, and our understanding of how WNT4 signaling is controlled in these contexts. Defining WNT4 functions provides a unique opportunity to link sex-specific signaling pathways to women's health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Pitzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Marisa R Moroney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Correspondence: Matthew J. Sikora, PhD; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8104, Research Complex 1 South, Rm 5117, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. . Twitter: @mjsikora
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13
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Fuggle NR, Westbury LD, Bevilacqua G, Titcombe P, Ó Breasail M, Harvey NC, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Ward KA. Level and change in bone microarchitectural parameters and their relationship with previous fracture and established bone mineral density loci. Bone 2021; 147:115937. [PMID: 33766802 PMCID: PMC7611749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and predisposition to fracture. Bone microarchitecture, measured by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), has been related to fragility fractures and BMD and has been the subject of large-scale genome-wide analysis. We investigated whether fracture was related to baseline values and longitudinal changes in bone microarchitecture and whether bone microarchitecture was associated with established BMD loci. METHODS 115 males and 99 females (aged 72-81 at baseline) from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) were analysed. Fracture history was determined in 2011-2012 by self-report and vertebral fracture assessment. Participants underwent HR-pQCT scans of the distal radius and tibia in 2011-2012 and 2017. Previous fracture in relation to baseline values and changes in tibial HR-pQCT parameters was examined using sex-adjusted logistic regression with and without adjustment for age, sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics; baseline values and changes in parameters associated with previous fracture were then examined in relation to four established BMD loci after adjustment for sex and age. RESULTS Previous fracture was related to: higher trabecular area (fully-adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] per SD greater baseline value: 2.18 [1.27,3.73], p = 0.005); lower total volumetric BMD (0.53 [0.34,0.84], p = 0.007), cortical area (0.53 [0.30,0.95], p = 0.032), cortical BMD (0.56 [0.36,0.88], p = 0.011) and cortical thickness (0.45 [0.27,0.77], p = 0.004); and greater declines in trabecular BMD (p = 0.001). Associations were robust in sex- and fully-adjusted analysis. Relationships between BMD loci and these HR-pQCT parameters were weak: rs3801387 (WNT16) was related to decline in trabecular BMD (p = 0.011) but no other associations were significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Baseline values of HR-pQCT parameters and greater decline in trabecular BMD were associated with fracture. Change in trabecular BMD was associated with WNT16 which has been demonstrated to influence bone health in murine models and human genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Gregorio Bevilacqua
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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14
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Liu CT, Karasik D, Xu H, Zhou Y, Broe K, Cupples LA, Cpgm de Groot L, Ham A, Hannan MT, Hsu YH, Jacques P, McLean RR, Paul L, Selhub J, Trajanoska K, van der Velde N, van Schoor N, Kiel DP. Genetic variants modify the associations of concentrations of methylmalonic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate with bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:578-587. [PMID: 33964857 PMCID: PMC8326042 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine has been found to be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, especially hip and vertebral fractures. The plasma concentration of homocysteine is dependent on the activities of several B vitamin-dependent enzymes, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). OBJECTIVES We investigated whether genetic variants in some of the genes involved in 1 carbon metabolism modify the association of B vitamin-related measures with bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. METHODS We measured several B vitamins and biomarkers in participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, and performed analyses of methylmalonic acid (MMA) continuously and <210 nmol/L; pyridoxal-5'-phosphate; vitamin B-12 continuously and ≥258 pmol/L; and folate. The outcomes of interest included areal and volumetric BMD, measured by DXA and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), respectively. We evaluated associations between the bone measures and interactions of single nucleotide polymorphism with a B vitamin or biomarker in Framingham participants (n = 4310 for DXA and n = 3127 for QCT). For analysis of DXA, we validated the association results in the B-PROOF cohort (n = 1072). Bonferroni-corrected locus-wide significant thresholds were defined to account for multiple testing. RESULTS The interactions between rs2274976 and vitamin B-12 and rs34671784 and MMA <210 nmol/L were associated with lumbar spine BMD, and the interaction between rs6586281 and vitamin B-12 ≥258 pmol/L was associated with femoral neck BMD. For QCT-derived traits, 62 interactions between genetic variants and B vitamins and biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSIONS Some genetic variants in the 1-carbon methylation pathway modify the association of B vitamin and biomarker concentrations with bone density and strength. These interactions require further replication and functional validation for a mechanistic understanding of the role of the 1-carbon metabolism pathway on BMD and risks of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry Broe
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Annelies Ham
- Erasmus MC Department of Internal Medicine Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, USA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, USA
| | - Robert R McLean
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Corrona, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ligi Paul
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, USA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, USA
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, USA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, USA
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Erasmus MC Department of Internal Medicine Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Erasmus MC Department of Internal Medicine Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja van Schoor
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Address correspondence to C-TL (e-mail: ) or DPK (e-mail: )
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15
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Ho-Le TP, Tran TS, Bliuc D, Pham HM, Frost SA, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Epidemiological transition to mortality and refracture following an initial fracture. eLife 2021; 10:61142. [PMID: 33558009 PMCID: PMC7924952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to redefine the concept of fracture risk that includes refracture and mortality, and to transform the risk into "skeletal age". We analysed data obtained from 3521 women and men aged 60 years and older, whose fracture incidence, mortality, and bone mineral density (BMD) have been monitored since 1989. During the 20-year follow-up period, among 632 women and 184 men with a first incident fracture, the risk of sustaining a second fracture was higher in women (36%) than in men (22%), but mortality risk was higher in men (41%) than in women (25%). The increased risk of mortality was not only present with an initial fracture, but was accelerated with refractures. Key predictors of post-fracture mortality were male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.4; 95% CI, 1.79–3.21), advancing age (HR 1.67; 1.53–1.83), and lower femoral neck BMD (HR 1.16; 1.01–1.33). A 70-year-old man with a fracture is predicted to have a skeletal age of 75. These results were incorporated into a prediction model to aid patient-doctor discussion about fracture vulnerability and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Phuong Ho-Le
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Hatinh University, Hatinh, Viet Nam
| | - Thach S Tran
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hanh M Pham
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Fertility Department, Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Steven A Frost
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Kiel DP, Kemp JP, Rivadeneira F, Westendorf JJ, Karasik D, Duncan EL, Imai Y, Müller R, Flannick J, Bonewald L, Burtt N. The Musculoskeletal Knowledge Portal: Making Omics Data Useful to the Broader Scientific Community. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1626-1633. [PMID: 32777102 PMCID: PMC8114232 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput genotyping technologies and large biobank collections, complemented with rapid methodological advances in statistical genetics, has enabled hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have identified hundreds of genetic variants across many loci associated with musculoskeletal conditions. Similarly, basic scientists have valuable molecular cellular and animal data based on musculoskeletal disease that would be enhanced by being able to determine the human translation of their findings. By integrating these large-scale human genomic musculoskeletal datasets with complementary evidence from model organisms, new and existing genetic loci can be statistically fine-mapped to plausibly causal variants, candidate genes, and biological pathways. Genes and pathways identified using this approach can be further prioritized as drug targets, including side-effect profiling and the potential for new indications. To bring together these big data, and to realize the vision of creating a knowledge portal, the International Federation of Musculoskeletal Research Societies (IFMRS) established a working group to collaborate with scientists from the Broad Institute to create the Musculoskeletal Knowledge Portal (MSK-KP)(http://mskkp.org/). The MSK consolidates omics datasets from humans, cellular experiments, and model organisms into a central repository that can be accessed by researchers. The vision of the MSK-KP is to enable better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disease and apply this knowledge to identify and develop new disease interventions. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Boston and Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John P Kemp
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - David Karasik
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston, MA, USA.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrated Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Flannick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Noël Burtt
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Boston and Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Hanas JS, Hocker JRS, Evangeline B, Prabhakaran V, Oommen A, Rajshekhar V, Drevets DA, Carabin H. Distinguishing patients with idiopathic epilepsy from solitary cysticercus granuloma epilepsy and biochemical phenotype assessment using a serum biomolecule profiling platform. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237064. [PMID: 32823271 PMCID: PMC7527271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major source of epilepsy is Neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by Taenia solium infection. Solitary cysticercus granuloma (SCG), a sub-group of NCC induced epilepsy, is the most common form of NCC in India. Current diagnostic criteria for SCG epilepsy require brain imaging which may not be available in communities where the disease is endemic. Identification of serum changes and potential biomolecules that could distinguish SCG epilepsy from idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IE), without the initial need for imaging, could assist in disease identification, understanding, and treatment. The objective here was to investigate, using mass spectrometry (MS), sera biomolecule differences between patients with SCG epilepsy or IE to help distinguish these disorders based on physiological differences, to understand underlying phenotypes and mechanisms, and to lay ground work for future therapeutic and biomarker analyses. Sera were obtained from patients with SCG or IE (N = 29 each group). Serum mass peak profiling was performed with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS, and mass peak area means in the two groups were compared using leave one [serum sample] out cross validation (LOOCV). Serum LOOCV analysis identified significant differences between SCG and IE patient groups (p = 10-20), which became non-significant (p = 0.074) when the samples were randomly allocated to the groups and reanalyzed. Tandem MS/MS peptide analysis of serum mass peaks from SCG or IE patients was performed to help identify potential peptide/protein biochemical and phenotypic changes involving these two forms of epilepsy. Bioinformatic analysis of these peptide/protein changes suggested neurological, inflammatory, seizure, blood brain barrier, cognition, ion channel, cell death, and behavior related biochemical systems were being altered in these disease states. This study provides groundwork for aiding in distinguishing SCG and IE patients in minimally invasive, lower-cost manners, for improving understanding of underlying epilepsy mechanisms, and for further identifying discriminatory biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Hanas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - James Randolph Sanders Hocker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Betcy Evangeline
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Anna Oommen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Vedantam Rajshekhar
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Douglas A. Drevets
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Hélène Carabin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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18
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Gautvik KM, Günther CC, Prijatelj V, Medina-Gomez C, Shevroja E, Rad LH, Yazdani M, Lindalen E, Valland H, Gautvik VT, Olstad OK, Holden M, Rivadeneira F, Utheim TP, Reppe S. Distinct Subsets of Noncoding RNAs Are Strongly Associated With BMD and Fracture, Studied in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Human Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1065-1076. [PMID: 32017184 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated mechanisms resulting in low bone mineral density (BMD) and susceptibility to fracture by comparing noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in biopsies of non-weight-bearing (NWB) iliac (n = 84) and weight bearing (WB) femoral (n = 18) postmenopausal bone across BMDs varying from normal (T-score > -1.0) to osteoporotic (T-score ≤ -2.5). Global bone ncRNA concentrations were determined by PCR and microchip analyses. Association with BMD or fracture, adjusted by age and body mass index, were calculated using linear and logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis. At 10% false discovery rate (FDR), 75 iliac bone ncRNAs and 94 femoral bone ncRNAs were associated with total hip BMD. Eight of the ncRNAs were common for the two sites, but five of them (miR-484, miR-328-3p, miR-27a-5p, miR-28-3p, and miR-409-3p) correlated positively to BMD in femoral bone, but negatively in iliac bone. Of predicted pathways recognized in bone metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer emerged at both sites, whereas fatty acid metabolism and focal adhesion were only identified in iliac bone. Lasso analysis and cross-validations identified sets of nine bone ncRNAs correlating strongly with adjusted total hip BMD in both femoral and iliac bone. Twenty-eight iliac ncRNAs were associated with risk of fracture (FDR < 0.1). The small nucleolar RNAs, RNU44 and RNU48, have a function in stabilization of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and their association with fracture and BMD suggest that aberrant processing of rRNAs may be involved in development of osteoporosis. Cis-eQTL (expressed quantitative trait loci) analysis of the iliac bone biopsies identified two loci associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), one previously identified in a heel-BMD genomewide association study (GWAS). In this comprehensive investigation of the skeletal genetic background in postmenopausal women, we identified functional bone ncRNAs associated to fracture and BMD, representing distinct subsets in WB and NWB skeletal sites. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare M Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Enisa Shevroja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Heidary Rad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Lindalen
- Orthopaedic Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haldor Valland
- Department of Surgery, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis T Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Winter EM, Ireland A, Butterfield NC, Haffner-Luntzer M, Horcajada MN, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Oei L, Colaianni G, Bonnet N. Pregnancy and lactation, a challenge for the skeleton. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:R143-R157. [PMID: 32438342 PMCID: PMC7354730 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss skeletal adaptations to the demanding situation of pregnancy and lactation. Calcium demands are increased during pregnancy and lactation, and this is effectuated by a complex series of hormonal changes. The changes in bone structure at the tissue and whole bone level observed during pregnancy and lactation appear to largely recover over time. The magnitude of the changes observed during lactation may relate to the volume and duration of breastfeeding and return to regular menses. Studies examining long-term consequences of pregnancy and lactation suggest that there are small, site-specific benefits to bone density and that bone geometry may also be affected. Pregnancy- and lactation-induced osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare disease for which the pathophysiological mechanism is as yet incompletely known; here, we discuss and speculate on the possible roles of genetics, oxytocin, sympathetic tone and bone marrow fat. Finally, we discuss fracture healing during pregnancy and lactation and the effects of estrogen on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Winter
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to E M Winter:
| | - A Ireland
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, DuCane Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M-N Horcajada
- Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - N Bonnet
- Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Park S, Daily JW, Song MY, Kwon HK. Gene-gene and gene-lifestyle interactions of AKAP11, KCNMA1, PUM1, SPTBN1, and EPDR1 on osteoporosis risk in middle-aged adults. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110859. [PMID: 32619791 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis is associated with genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this article was to determine how the polygenic risk scores (PRS) of genetic variants that affect osteoporosis and its related signaling interact with the lifestyle of middle-aged adults. METHODS The study examined 8845 participants from Ansan/Ansung cohorts. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of bone mineral density ≤-2.5 in either the wrist or tibia; 1136 participants had osteoporosis. Genome-wide association studies of individuals 40 to 65 y of age were conducted and the best gene-gene interactions from the genetic variants related to osteoporosis were selected and explored using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method. PRS for the best model (PRSBM) was calculated by weighted PRS that was divided into low, medium, and high groups. RESULTS The model that contributed the most influence on osteoporosis risk with gene-gene interactions included AKAP11_rs238340, KCNMA1_ rs628948, PUM1_rs7529390, SPTBN1_ rs6752877, and EPDR1_rs2722298. The risk for osteoporosis in the tibia was elevated by 1.71-fold in the high PRSBM group compared with the low PRSBM group. Energy and nutrient intake did not have any interaction with PRSBM and thus did not influence risk for osteoporosis. However, interestingly, only coffee and caffeine intake did interact with PRSBM and affected risk for osteoporosis. In patients with low coffee (<3 cup/wk) and caffeine(<60 mg/d) consumption, osteoporosis risk was higher in the high PRSBM group than the low PRSBM group by 2.27- and 2.29-fold, respectively. In the low coffee intake group, bone mineral density in the high PRSBM group was significantly higher than in the low PRSBM arm. CONCLUSIONS Carriers with high PRSBM increased susceptibility to osteoporosis, especially in low coffee and caffeine intake. The results can be applied to personalized nutrition for lowering the risk for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
| | - James W Daily
- Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mi Young Song
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woo Song University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Ku Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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21
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Nethander M, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Karlsson M, Mellström D, Ohlsson C. BMD-Related Genetic Risk Scores Predict Site-Specific Fractures as Well as Trabecular and Cortical Bone Microstructure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5739622. [PMID: 32067027 PMCID: PMC7069346 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is important to identify patients at highest risk of fractures. OBJECTIVE To compare the separate and combined performances of bone-related genetic risk scores (GRSs) for prediction of forearm, hip and vertebral fractures separately, as well as of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters separately. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using 1103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with estimated bone mineral density of the heel (eBMD), we developed a weighted GRS for eBMD and determined its contribution to fracture prediction beyond 2 previously developed GRSs for femur neck BMD (49 SNPs) and lumbar spine BMD (48 SNPs). Associations between these GRSs and forearm (ncases = 1020; ncontrols = 2838), hip (ncases = 1123; ncontrols = 2630) and vertebral (ncases = 288; ncontrols = 1187) fractures were evaluated in 3 Swedish cohorts. Associations between the GRSs and trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters (n = 426) were evaluated in the MrOS Sweden cohort. RESULTS We found that eBMDGRS was the only significant independent predictor of forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS were significant independent predictors of hip fractures. The eBMDGRS was the major GRS contributing to prediction of trabecular bone microstructure parameters while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contributed information for prediction of cortical bone microstructure parameters. CONCLUSIONS The eBMDGRS independently predicts forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contribute independent information for prediction of hip fractures. We propose that eBMDGRS captures unique information about trabecular bone microstructure useful for prediction of forearm and vertebral fractures. These findings may facilitate personalized medicine to predict site-specific fractures as well as cortical and trabecular bone microstructure separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Professor Claes Ohlsson MD, PhD, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
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22
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Zhang H, Shen LY, Xu ZC, Kramer LM, Yu JQ, Zhang XY, Na W, Yang LL, Cao ZP, Luan P, Reecy JM, Li H. Haplotype-based genome-wide association studies for carcass and growth traits in chicken. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2349-2361. [PMID: 32359570 PMCID: PMC7597553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported for carcass, growth, and meat traits in chickens. Most of these studies have been based on single SNPs GWAS. In contrast, haplotype-based GWAS reports have been limited. In the present study, 2 Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) and genotyped with the chicken 60K SNP chip were used to perform a haplotype-based GWAS. The lean and fat chicken lines were selected for abdominal fat content for 11 yr. Abdominal fat weight was significantly different between the 2 lines; however, there was no difference for body weight between the lean and fat lines. A total of 132 haplotype windows were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight. These significantly associated haplotype windows were primarily located on chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 10, and 26. Seven candidate genes, including SHH, LMBR1, FGF7, IL16, PLIN1, IGF1R, and SLC16A1, were located within these associated regions. These genes may play important roles in the control of abdominal fat content. Two regions on chromosomes 3 and 10 were significantly associated with testis weight. These 2 regions were previously detected by the single SNP GWAS using this same resource population. TCF21 on chromosome 3 was identified as a potentially important candidate gene for testis growth and development based on gene expression analysis and the reported function of this gene. TCF12, which was previously detected in our SNP by SNP interaction analysis, was located in a region on chromosome 10 that was significantly associated with testis weight. Six candidate genes, including TNFRSF1B, PLOD1, NPPC, MTHFR, EPHB2, and SLC35A3, on chromosome 21 may play important roles in bone development based on the known function of these genes. In addition, several regions were significantly associated with other carcass and growth traits, but no candidate genes were identified. The results of the present study may be helpful in understanding the genetic mechanisms of carcass and growth traits in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lin-Yong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zi-Chun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Luke M Kramer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xin-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Na
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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23
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Yang TL, Shen H, Liu A, Dong SS, Zhang L, Deng FY, Zhao Q, Deng HW. A road map for understanding molecular and genetic determinants of osteoporosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:91-103. [PMID: 31792439 PMCID: PMC6980376 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and an increased risk of fracture, termed osteoporotic fracture. Notably, bone mineral density, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture are highly heritable; however, determining the genetic architecture, and especially the underlying genomic and molecular mechanisms, of osteoporosis in vivo in humans is still challenging. In addition to susceptibility loci identified in genome-wide association studies, advances in various omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have all been applied to dissect the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, each technology individually cannot capture the entire view of the disease pathology and thus fails to comprehensively identify the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms, especially the regulatory and signalling mechanisms. A change to the status quo calls for integrative multi-omics and inter-omics analyses with approaches in 'systems genetics and genomics'. In this Review, we highlight findings from genome-wide association studies and studies using various omics technologies individually to identify mechanisms of osteoporosis. Furthermore, we summarize current studies of data integration to understand, diagnose and inform the treatment of osteoporosis. The integration of multiple technologies will provide a road map to illuminate the complex pathogenesis of osteoporosis, especially from molecular functional aspects, in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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24
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Lu L, Huang J, Xu F, Xiao Z, Wang J, Zhang B, David NV, Arends D, Gu W, Ackert-Bicknell C, Sabik OL, Farber CR, Quarles LD, Williams RW. Genetic Dissection of Femoral and Tibial Microarchitecture. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10241. [PMID: 31844829 PMCID: PMC6894729 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic control of bone strength has relied mainly on estimates of bone mineral density. Here we have mapped genetic factors that influence femoral and tibial microarchitecture using high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography (8‐μm isotropic voxels) across a family of 61 BXD strains of mice, roughly 10 isogenic cases per strain and balanced by sex. We computed heritabilities for 25 cortical and trabecular traits. Males and females have well‐matched heritabilities, ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. We mapped 16 genetic loci most of which were detected only in females. There is also a bias in favor of loci that control cortical rather than trabecular bone. To evaluate candidate genes, we combined well‐established gene ontologies with bone transcriptome data to compute bone‐enrichment scores for all protein‐coding genes. We aligned candidates with those of human genome‐wide association studies. A subset of 50 strong candidates fell into three categories: (1) experimentally validated genes already known to modulate bone function (Adamts4, Ddr2, Darc, Adam12, Fkbp10, E2f6, Adam17, Grem2, Ifi204); (2) candidates without any experimentally validated function in bone (eg, Greb1, Ifi202b), but linked to skeletal phenotypes in human cohorts; and (3) candidates that have high bone‐enrichment scores, but for which there is not yet any functional link to bone biology or skeletal system disease (including Ifi202b, Ly9, Ifi205, Mgmt, F2rl1, Iqgap2). Our results highlight contrasting genetic architecture between sexes and among major bone compartments. The alignment of murine and human data facilitates function analysis and should prove of value for preclinical testing of molecular control of bone structure. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Nicolae Valentin David
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - Danny Arends
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Animal Breeding Humboldt University Berlin Germany
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | | | - Olivia L Sabik
- Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
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25
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Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F. The genetic architecture of osteoporosis and fracture risk. Bone 2019; 126:2-10. [PMID: 30980960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fracture risk are common complex diseases, caused by an interaction of numerous disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. With the advances in genomic technologies, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed which have broadened our understanding of the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms of complex disease. Currently, more than ~90 loci have been found associated with DXA derived bone mineral density (BMD), over ~500 loci with heel estimated BMD and several others with other less widely available bone parameters such as bone geometry, shape, and microarchitecture. Notably, several of the pathways identified by the GWAS efforts correspond to pathways that are currently targeted for the treatment of osteoporosis. Overall, tremendous progress in the field of the genetics of osteoporosis has been achieved with the discovery of WNT16, EN1, DAAM2, and GPC6 among others. Assessment of the function and biological mechanisms of the remaining genes may further untangle the complex genetic landscape of osteoporosis and fracture risk. With this review we aimed to provide a general overview of the existing GWAS studies on osteoporosis traits and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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26
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Ruan Z, Zhu Y, Lin Z, Long H, Zhao R, Sun B, Cheng L, Zhao S. Association between rs12742784 polymorphism and hip fracture, bone mineral density, and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels in elderly Chinese women. Climacteric 2019; 23:93-98. [PMID: 31352841 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1640195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between rs12742784 polymorphism in the non-coding area and hip fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels in elderly Chinese women.Methods: We investigated 250 Chinese women (mean age: 63.5 ± 8.3 years) including 123 hip fracture patients and 127 non-fracture controls. All participants underwent clinical examination to meet the inclusion criteria. Lumbar and hip BMD were detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. rs12742784 polymorphism was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Distribution of rs12742784 genotypes agreed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the CT + TT genotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57, p < 0.01) after adjusting for age and body mass index, and with increased BMD and EPHB2 mRNA expression levels. The T allele of the rs12742784 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was a protective factor for hip fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56, p < 0.01).Conclusion: rs12742784 polymorphism was associated with EPHB2 mRNA expression levels, BMD, and hip fracture in Chinese women. The T allele of the rs12742784 SNP was a protective factor for osteoporosis and hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - H Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - R Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - B Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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27
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Bergink AP, Rivadeneira F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Zillikens MC, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ. Are Bone Mineral Density and Fractures Related to the Incidence and Progression of Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Hip, and Hand in Elderly Men and Women? The Rotterdam Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:361-369. [PMID: 30264891 DOI: 10.1002/art.40735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the incidence and progression of knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine the relationship between prevalent vertebral and nonvertebral fractures and the incidence and progression of OA in elderly men and women in the Rotterdam Study. METHODS Age- and sex-specific quartiles of baseline femoral neck BMD data were constructed for 4,154 subjects. Radiographs were scored for incidence and progression of knee and hip OA, and for incidence of hand OA. Prevalent vertebral fractures were scored using the McCloskey/Kanis method, and prevalent nonvertebral fractures were reported by baseline interview. RESULTS Subjects in the highest quartile of femoral neck BMD had an increased risk of incident radiographic knee OA (ROA) (odds ratio [OR] 1.58 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14-2.18]), and an increased risk of incident hip ROA (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.06-2.32]), compared to the lowest quartile. No significant relationship was found between high femoral neck BMD and progression of knee or hip ROA or the incidence of hand ROA. Prevalent vertebral and nonvertebral fractures were not related to an increase in the incidence or progression of knee or hip ROA. However, vertebral fractures were associated with incident hand ROA (OR 1.74 [95% CI 1.02-2.98]). CONCLUSION Results from the present study confirm earlier findings and thus provide strong evidence that high femoral neck BMD is a prognostic risk factor for the development of knee and hip ROA. Vertebral fractures were found to be a risk factor for incident hand ROA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P Bergink
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for Orthopedic Surgery OCON, Hengelo, The Netherlands
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28
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Maynard RD, Ackert-Bicknell CL. Mouse Models and Online Resources for Functional Analysis of Osteoporosis Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 31133984 PMCID: PMC6515928 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex genetic disease in which the number of loci associated with the bone mineral density, a clinical risk factor for fracture, has increased at an exponential rate in the last decade. The identification of the causative variants and candidate genes underlying these loci has not been able to keep pace with the rate of locus discovery. A large number of tools and data resources have been built around the use of the mouse as model of human genetic disease. Herein, we describe resources available for functional validation of human Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) loci using mouse models. We specifically focus on large-scale phenotyping efforts focused on bone relevant phenotypes and repositories of genotype-phenotype data that exist for transgenic and mutant mice, which can be readily mined as a first step toward more targeted efforts designed to deeply characterize the role of a gene in bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Maynard
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Cheryl L. Ackert-Bicknell
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29
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Al-Barghouthi BM, Farber CR. Dissecting the Genetics of Osteoporosis using Systems Approaches. Trends Genet 2018; 35:55-67. [PMID: 30470485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fracture. Traits contributing to osteoporotic fracture are highly heritable, indicating that a comprehensive understanding of bone requires a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of bone traits. Towards this goal, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 500 loci associated with bone traits. However, few of the responsible genes have been identified, and little is known of how these genes work together to influence systems-level bone function. In this review, we describe how systems genetics approaches can be used to fill these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel M Al-Barghouthi
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, the lower costs of arrays and sequencing technologies, and the better availability of data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have led to more reports on genetic factors that are associated with bone health. However, there remains the need for a summary of the newly identified genetic targets that are associated with bone metabolism, and the status of their functional characterization. RECENT FINDINGS GWASs revealed dozens of novel genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Some of these targets have been functionally characterized, although the vast majority have not. Glypican 6, a membrane surface proteoglycan involved in cellular growth control and differentiation, was identified as a novel determinant of BMD and represents a possible drug target for treatment of osteoporosis. Pathway analysis also showed that cell-growth pathways and the SMAD proteins associated with low BMD. SUMMARY Hits that were significantly associated with BMD in different studies represent likely candidates (e.g. SOST, WNT16, ESR1 and RANKL) for functional characterization and development of osteoporosis treatments. Indeed, currently available treatment for osteoporosis (antibody against RANKL) appeared a significant target in four recent GWAS studies indicating their applicability and importance for future treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Correa-Rodríguez M, Schmidt Rio-Valle J, Rueda-Medina B. AKAP11 gene polymorphism is associated with bone mass measured by quantitative ultrasound in young adults. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:999-1004. [PMID: 30013441 PMCID: PMC6036159 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.25369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increased prevalence of osteoporosis and direct health care cost of osteoporosis-related fractures, there is a growing interest in identifying genetic markers associated with osteoporosis phenotypes in order to develop genetic screening strategies. We aimed to analyze the possible associations between calcaneal Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), a valuable screening tool for assessing bone status in clinical practice, and ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) genes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 healthy individuals of Caucasian ancestry (381 females and 169 males, median age 20.46±2,69). Bone mass was assessed through QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray® technology. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that rs7524102 and rs6426749 in ZBTB40, and rs9533090 in AKAP11 were significantly associated with the calcaneal QUS parameter after adjustments for age, sex, weight, height, physical activity, and calcium intake (p=0.038, p=0.012 and p=0.008, respectively). After applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p=0.012), only the association of rs9533090 in AKAP11 remained significant. Conclusion:AKAP11 gene (rs9533090) influences QUS trait in a population of Caucasian young adults. The rs9533090 SNP may be considered a factor affecting peak bone mass acquisition.
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32
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Alonso N, Estrada K, Albagha OME, Herrera L, Reppe S, Olstad OK, Gautvik KM, Ryan NM, Evans KL, Nielson CM, Hsu YH, Kiel DP, Markozannes G, Ntzani EE, Evangelou E, Feenstra B, Liu X, Melbye M, Masi L, Brandi ML, Riches P, Daroszewska A, Olmos JM, Valero C, Castillo J, Riancho JA, Husted LB, Langdahl BL, Brown MA, Duncan EL, Kaptoge S, Khaw KT, Usategui-Martín R, Del Pino-Montes J, González-Sarmiento R, Lewis JR, Prince RL, D’Amelio P, García-Giralt N, NoguéS X, Mencej-Bedrac S, Marc J, Wolstein O, Eisman JA, Oei L, Medina-Gómez C, Schraut KE, Navarro P, Wilson JF, Davies G, Starr J, Deary I, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Gianfrancesco F, Gennari L, Lucas G, Elosua R, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Ralston SH. Identification of a novel locus on chromosome 2q13, which predisposes to clinical vertebral fractures independently of bone density. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:378-385. [PMID: 29170203 PMCID: PMC5912156 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to clinical vertebral fractures, which is an important complication of osteoporosis. METHODS Here we conduct a genome-wide association study in 1553 postmenopausal women with clinical vertebral fractures and 4340 controls, with a two-stage replication involving 1028 cases and 3762 controls. Potentially causal variants were identified using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from transiliac bone biopsies and bioinformatic studies. RESULTS A locus tagged by rs10190845 was identified on chromosome 2q13, which was significantly associated with clinical vertebral fracture (P=1.04×10-9) with a large effect size (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.6). Bioinformatic analysis of this locus identified several potentially functional SNPs that are associated with expression of the positional candidate genes TTL (tubulin tyrosine ligase) and SLC20A1 (solute carrier family 20 member 1). Three other suggestive loci were identified on chromosomes 1p31, 11q12 and 15q11. All these loci were novel and had not previously been associated with bone mineral density or clinical fractures. CONCLUSION We have identified a novel genetic variant that is associated with clinical vertebral fractures by mechanisms that are independent of BMD. Further studies are now in progress to validate this association and evaluate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Alonso
- Rheumatology and Bone disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karol Estrada
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Omar M E Albagha
- Rheumatology and Bone disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niamh M Ryan
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carrie M Nielson
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia E Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura Masi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Philip Riches
- Rheumatology and Bone disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Daroszewska
- Rheumatology and Bone disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, The MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - José Manuel Olmos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Valero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - Lise B Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Del Pino-Montes
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrizia D’Amelio
- Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Natalia García-Giralt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, RETICEF, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier NoguéS
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, RETICEF, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simona Mencej-Bedrac
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Orit Wolstein
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ling Oei
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gómez
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gavin Lucas
- Grup de Recerca en Genètica i Epidemiologia Cardiovascular, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Grup de Recerca en Genètica i Epidemiologia Cardiovascular, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatology and Bone disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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33
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Medina-Gomez C, Kemp JP, Trajanoska K, Luan J, Chesi A, Ahluwalia TS, Mook-Kanamori DO, Ham A, Hartwig FP, Evans DS, Joro R, Nedeljkovic I, Zheng HF, Zhu K, Atalay M, Liu CT, Nethander M, Broer L, Porleifsson G, Mullin BH, Handelman SK, Nalls MA, Jessen LE, Heppe DH, Richards JB, Wang C, Chawes B, Schraut KE, Amin N, Wareham N, Karasik D, Van der Velde N, Ikram MA, Zemel BS, Zhou Y, Carlsson CJ, Liu Y, McGuigan FE, Boer CG, Bønnelykke K, Ralston SH, Robbins JA, Walsh JP, Zillikens MC, Langenberg C, Li-Gao R, Williams FM, Harris TB, Akesson K, Jackson RD, Sigurdsson G, den Heijer M, van der Eerden BC, van de Peppel J, Spector TD, Pennell C, Horta BL, Felix JF, Zhao JH, Wilson SG, de Mutsert R, Bisgaard H, Styrkársdóttir U, Jaddoe VW, Orwoll E, Lakka TA, Scott R, Grant SF, Lorentzon M, van Duijn CM, Wilson JF, Stefansson K, Psaty BM, Kiel DP, Ohlsson C, Ntzani E, van Wijnen AJ, Forgetta V, Ghanbari M, Logan JG, Williams GR, Bassett JD, Croucher PI, Evangelou E, Uitterlinden AG, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Tobias JH, Evans DM, Rivadeneira F. Life-Course Genome-wide Association Study Meta-analysis of Total Body BMD and Assessment of Age-Specific Effects. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:88-102. [PMID: 29304378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by DXA is used to evaluate bone health. In children, total body (TB) measurements are commonly used; in older individuals, BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) is used to diagnose osteoporosis. To date, genetic variants in more than 60 loci have been identified as associated with BMD. To investigate the genetic determinants of TB-BMD variation along the life course and test for age-specific effects, we performed a meta-analysis of 30 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TB-BMD including 66,628 individuals overall and divided across five age strata, each spanning 15 years. We identified variants associated with TB-BMD at 80 loci, of which 36 have not been previously identified; overall, they explain approximately 10% of the TB-BMD variance when combining all age groups and influence the risk of fracture. Pathway and enrichment analysis of the association signals showed clustering within gene sets implicated in the regulation of cell growth and SMAD proteins, overexpressed in the musculoskeletal system, and enriched in enhancer and promoter regions. These findings reveal TB-BMD as a relevant trait for genetic studies of osteoporosis, enabling the identification of variants and pathways influencing different bone compartments. Only variants in ESR1 and close proximity to RANKL showed a clear effect dependency on age. This most likely indicates that the majority of genetic variants identified influence BMD early in life and that their effect can be captured throughout the life course.
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34
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Munz M, Willenborg C, Richter GM, Jockel-Schneider Y, Graetz C, Staufenbiel I, Wellmann J, Berger K, Krone B, Hoffmann P, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, de Groot LCPGM, Sawalha AH, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Guzeldemir-Akcakanat E, Keceli HG, Laudes M, Noack B, Teumer A, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Eickholz P, Meyle J, Doerfer C, Bruckmann C, Lieb W, Franke A, Schreiber S, Nohutcu RM, Erdmann J, Loos BG, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer AS. A genome-wide association study identifies nucleotide variants at SIGLEC5 and DEFA1A3 as risk loci for periodontitis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2577-2588. [PMID: 28449029 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, with a prevalence of 11% worldwide for the severe forms and an estimated heritability of 50%. The disease is characterized by destruction of the alveolar bone due to an aberrant host inflammatory response to a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported several suggestive susceptibility loci. Here, we conducted a GWAS using a German and Dutch case-control sample of aggressive periodontitis (AgP, 896 cases, 7,104 controls), a rare but highly severe and early-onset form of periodontitis, validated the associations in a German sample of severe forms of the more moderate phenotype chronic periodontitis (CP) (993 cases, 1,419 controls). Positive findings were replicated in a Turkish sample of AgP (223 cases, 564 controls). A locus at SIGLEC5 (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 5) and a chromosomal region downstream of the DEFA1A3 locus (defensin alpha 1-3) showed association with both disease phenotypes and were associated with periodontitis at a genome-wide significance level in the pooled samples, with P = 1.09E-08 (rs4284742,-G; OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21-1.48) and P = 5.48E-10 (rs2738058,-T; OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.18-1.38), respectively. SIGLEC5 is expressed in various myeloid immune cells and classified as an inhibitory receptor with the potential to mediate tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/-2 dependent signaling. Alpha defensins are antimicrobial peptides with expression in neutrophils and mucosal surfaces and a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. This study identifies the first shared genetic risk loci of AgP and CP with genome-wide significance and highlights the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the etiology of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Munz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Willenborg
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gesa M Richter
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
- Department of Periodontology, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Krone
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic Essen, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany.,Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Geriatrics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Department of Epidemiology and the EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Huseyin Gencay Keceli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Noack
- Clinic of Conservational Dentistry, Center of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, University Medical Center Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Germany
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bruckmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Vienna, School of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Biobank PopGen, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rahime M Nohutcu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soeren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne S Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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35
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Charles JF, Sury M, Tsang K, Urso K, Henke K, Huang Y, Russell R, Duryea J, Harris MP. Utility of quantitative micro-computed tomographic analysis in zebrafish to define gene function during skeletogenesis. Bone 2017; 101:162-171. [PMID: 28476577 PMCID: PMC5512604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful experimental model to investigate the genetic and morphologic basis of vertebrate development. Analysis of skeletogenesis in this fish is challenging as a result of the small size of the developing and adult zebrafish. Many of the bones of small fishes such as the zebrafish and medaka are quite thin, precluding many standard assays of bone quality and morphometrics commonly used on bones of larger animals. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is a common imaging technique used for detailed analysis of the skeleton of the zebrafish and determination of mutant phenotypes. However, the utility of this modality for analysis of the zebrafish skeleton, and the effect of inherent variation among individual zebrafish, including variables such as sex, age and strain, is not well understood. Given the increased use and accessibility of microCT, we set out to define the sensitivity of microCT methods in developing and adult zebrafish. We assessed skeletal shape and density measures in the developing vertebrae and parasphenoid of the skull base. We found most skeletal variables are tightly correlated to standard length, but that at later growth stages (>3months) there are age dependent effects on some skeletal measures. Further we find modest strain but not sex differences in skeletal measures. These data suggest that the appropriate control for assessing mutant phenotypes should be age and strain matched, ideally a wild-type sibling. By analyzing two mutants exhibiting skeletal dysplasia, we show that microCT imaging can be a sensitive method to quantify distinct skeletal parameters of adults. Finally, as developing zebrafish skeletons remain difficult to resolve by radiographic means, we define a contrast agent specific for bone that enhances resolution at early stages, permitting detailed morphometric analysis of the forming skeleton. This increased capability for detection extends the use of this imaging modality to leverage the zebrafish model to understand the development causes of skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Meera Sury
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Kelly Tsang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Katia Urso
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Ruby Russell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Jeffrey Duryea
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States.
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36
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Reppe S, Datta HK, Gautvik KM. Omics analysis of human bone to identify genes and molecular networks regulating skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Bone 2017; 101:88-95. [PMID: 28450214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ throughout life where specific bone cell activity and paracrine/endocrine factors regulate its morphogenesis and remodeling. In recent years, an increasing number of reports have used multi-omics technologies to characterize subsets of bone biological molecular networks. The skeleton is affected by primary and secondary disease, lifestyle and many drugs. Therefore, to obtain relevant and reliable data from well characterized patient and control cohorts are vital. Here we provide a brief overview of omics studies performed on human bone, of which our own studies performed on trans-iliacal bone biopsies from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) and healthy controls are among the first and largest. Most other studies have been performed on smaller groups of patients, undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis (OA) or fracture, and without healthy controls. The major findings emerging from the combined studies are: 1. Unstressed and stressed bone show profoundly different gene expression reflecting differences in bone turnover and remodeling and 2. Omics analyses comparing healthy/OP and control/OA cohorts reveal characteristic changes in transcriptomics, epigenomics (DNA methylation), proteomics and metabolomics. These studies, together with genome-wide association studies, in vitro observations and transgenic animal models have identified a number of genes and gene products that act via Wnt and other signaling systems and are highly associated to bone density and fracture. Future challenge is to understand the functional interactions between bone-related molecular networks and their significance in OP and OA pathogenesis, and also how the genomic architecture is affected in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Harish K Datta
- Pathology Department, Biochemistry Section, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Sabik OL, Farber CR. Using GWAS to identify novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Transl Res 2017; 181:15-26. [PMID: 27837649 PMCID: PMC5357198 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common, increasingly prevalent, global health burden characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture. Despite its significant impact on human health, there is currently a lack of highly effective treatments free of side effects for osteoporosis. Therefore, a major goal in the field is to identify new drug targets. Genetic discovery has been shown to be effective in the unbiased identification of novel drug targets and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have begun to provide insight into genetic basis of osteoporosis. Over the last decade, GWASs have led to the identification of ∼100 loci associated with BMD and other bone traits related to risk of fracture. However, there have been limited efforts to identify the causal genes underlying the GWAS loci or the mechanisms by which GWAS loci alter bone physiology. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field and discuss strategies for causal gene discovery and the evidence that the novel genes underlying GWAS loci are likely to be a new source of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Sabik
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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38
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Oei L, Koromani F, Rivadeneira F, Zillikens MC, Oei EHG. Quantitative imaging methods in osteoporosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:680-698. [PMID: 28090446 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decreased bone mass and quality resulting in an increased fracture risk. Quantitative imaging methods are critical in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effects in osteoporosis. Prior radiographic vertebral fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) as a quantitative parameter derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are among the strongest known predictors of future osteoporotic fractures. Therefore, current clinical decision making relies heavily on accurate assessment of these imaging features. Further, novel quantitative techniques are being developed to appraise additional characteristics of osteoporosis including three-dimensional bone architecture with quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Dedicated high-resolution (HR) CT equipment is available to enhance image quality. At the other end of the spectrum, by utilizing post-processing techniques such as the trabecular bone score (TBS) information on three-dimensional architecture can be derived from DXA images. Further developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seem promising to not only capture bone micro-architecture but also characterize processes at the molecular level. This review provides an overview of various quantitative imaging techniques based on different radiological modalities utilized in clinical osteoporosis care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fjorda Koromani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H G Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Tobias JH, Gregson CL. Genetic Studies of Endophenotypes From Spine CT Scans Provide Novel Insights Into the Contribution of Mechanosensory Pathways to Vertebral Fractures and Spinal Curvature. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2073-2076. [PMID: 27859714 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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