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Yang Q, Liu H, Xi Y, Lu Y, Han X, He X, Qi J, Zhu Y, He H, Wang J, Hu J, Li L. Genome-wide association study for bone quality of ducks during the laying period. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103575. [PMID: 38447311 PMCID: PMC11067773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The cage-rearing model of the modern poultry industry makes the bones of birds, especially egg-laying birds, more vulnerable to fracture, which poses serious damage to the health of birds. Research confirms that genetic material plays an important role in regulating bone growth, development, and remodeling. However, the genetic architecture underlying bone traits is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify valuable genes and genetic markers through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for breeding to improve the duck bone quality. First, we quantified the tibia and femur quality traits of 260 laying ducks. Based on GWAS, a total of 75 SNP loci significantly associated with bone quality traits were identified, and 67 potential candidate genes were annotated. According to gene function analysis, genes P4HA2, WNT3A, and BST1 et al may influence bone quality by regulating bone cell activity, calcium and phosphate metabolism, or bone collagen maturation and cross-linking. Meanwhile, combined with the transcriptome results, we found that HOXB cluster genes are also important in bone growth and development. Therefore, our findings were helpful in further understanding the genetic architecture of the duck bone quality and provided a worthy theoretical basis and technological support to improve duck bone quality by breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Yinjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Xinxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Yuanchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Ross A, You L, Wang H, Zhou X. Revealing chronic disease progression patterns using Gaussian process for stage inference. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:396-405. [PMID: 38055638 PMCID: PMC10797260 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The early stages of chronic disease typically progress slowly, so symptoms are usually only noticed until the disease is advanced. Slow progression and heterogeneous manifestations make it challenging to model the transition from normal to disease status. As patient conditions are only observed at discrete timestamps with varying intervals, an incomplete understanding of disease progression and heterogeneity affects clinical practice and drug development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed the Gaussian Process for Stage Inference (GPSI) approach to uncover chronic disease progression patterns and assess the dynamic contribution of clinical features. We tested the ability of the GPSI to reliably stratify synthetic and real-world data for osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), bipolar disorder (BP) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the UTHealth and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS First, GPSI identified two subgroups of OA based on image features, where these subgroups corresponded to different genotypes, indicating the bone-remodeling and overweight-related pathways. Second, GPSI differentiated BP into two distinct developmental patterns and defined the contribution of specific brain region atrophy from early to advanced disease stages, demonstrating the ability of the GPSI to identify diagnostic subgroups. Third, HCC progression patterns were well reproduced in the two independent UTHealth and TCGA datasets. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that an unsupervised approach can disentangle temporal and phenotypic heterogeneity and identify population subgroups with common patterns of disease progression. Based on the differences in these features across stages, physicians can better tailor treatment plans and medications to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Angela Ross
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Lei You
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Hongyu Wang
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Himič V, Syrmos N, Ligarotti GKI, Kato S, Fehlings MG, Ganau M. The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in determining the risk of spinal fragility fractures: new insights in the management of spinal osteoporosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7632-7645. [PMID: 37969626 PMCID: PMC10644129 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis predisposes patients to spinal fragility fractures. Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and prognostication of these osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF). However, the current imaging knowledge base for OVF is lacking sufficient standardisation to enable effective risk prognostication. OVF have been shown to be more prevalent in Caucasian patient cohorts in comparison to the Eastern Asian population. These population-based differences in risk for developing OVF suggest that there could be genetic and epigenetic factors that drive the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, low bone mineral density (BMD) and OVF. Several genetic loci have been associated with a higher vertebral fracture risk, although at varying degrees of significance. The present challenge is clarifying whether these associations are specific to vertebral fractures or osteoporosis more generally. Furthermore, these factors could be exploited for diagnostic interpretation as biomarkers [including novel long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, micro (mi)RNAs and circular (circ)RNAs]. The extent of methylation of genes, alongside post-translational histone modifications, have shown to affect several interlinked pathways that converge on the regulation of bone deposition and resorption, partially through their influence on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Lastly, in addition to biomarkers, several exciting new imaging modalities could add to the established dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method used for BMD assessment. New technologies, and novel sequences within existing imaging modalities, may be able to quantify the quality of bone in addition to the BMD and bone structure; these are making progress through various stages of development from the pre-clinical sphere through to deployment in the clinical setting. In this mini review, we explore the literature to clarify the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with spinal fragility fractures and delineate the causal genes, pathways and interactions which could drive different risk profiles. We also outline the cutting-edge imaging modalities which could transform diagnostic protocols for OVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratko Himič
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikolaos Syrmos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - So Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kaspersky U, Levy R, Nashef A, Iraqi FA, Gabet Y. A study of the influence of genetic variance and sex on the density and thickness of the calvarial bone in collaborative cross mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:355-361. [PMID: 37448168 PMCID: PMC10486330 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone microarchitecture is affected by multiple genes, each having a small effect on the external appearance. It is thus challenging to characterize the genes and their specific effect on bone thickness and porosity. The purpose of this study was to assess the heritability and the genetic variation effect, as well as the sex effect on the calvarial bone thickness (Ca.Th) and calvarial porosity (%PoV) using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. METHODS In the study we examined the parietal bones of 56 mice from 9 lines of CC mice. Morphometric parameters were evaluated using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and included Ca.Th and %PoV. We then evaluated heritability, genetic versus environmental variance and the sex effect for these parameters. RESULTS Our morphometric analysis showed that Ca.Th and %PoV are both significantly different among the CC lines with a broad sense heritability of 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. The sex effect within the lines was significant in line IL111 and showed higher values of Ca.Th and %PoV in females compared to males. In line IL19 there was a borderline sex effect in Ca.Th in which males showed higher values than females. CONCLUSIONS These results stress the complexity of sex and genotype interactions controlling Ca.Th and %PoV, as the skeletal sexual dimorphism was dependent on the genetic background. This study also shows that the CC population is a powerful tool for establishing the genetic effect on these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Kaspersky
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Roei Levy
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh medical centerPoriyaIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Teng Z, Zhu Y, Lin D, Hao Q, Yue Q, Yu X, Sun S, Jiang L, Lu S. Deciphering the chromatin spatial organization landscapes during BMMSC differentiation. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:264-275. [PMID: 36720443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation imbalance in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) is critical for the development of bone density diseases as the population ages. BMMSCs are precursor cells for osteoblasts and adipocytes; however, the chromatin organization landscapes during BMMSC differentiation remain elusive. In this study, we systematically delineate the four-dimensional (4D) genome and dynamic epigenetic atlas of BMMSCs by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The structure analyses reveal 17.5% common and 28.5%-30% specific loops among BMMSCs, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. The subsequent correlation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data with multi-omics analysis reveal 274 genes and 3634 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bone degeneration and osteoporosis (OP). We hypothesize that SNP mutations affect transcription factor (TF) binding sites, thereby affecting changes in gene expression. Furthermore, 26 motifs, 260 TFs, and 291 SNPs are identified to affect the eQTL. Among these genes, DAAM2, TIMP2, and TMEM241 were found to be essential for diseases such as bone degeneration and OP and may serve as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Innovative Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Clinical Medical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yun Zhu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Da Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qinggang Hao
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Qiaoning Yue
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Xiaochao Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Innovative Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
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6
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Zemel BS. Sex differences in human biology - an editorial. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:451-452. [PMID: 35105199 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.2014962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babette S Zemel
- Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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A genotype-first analysis in a cohort of Mullerian anomaly. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:347-352. [PMID: 35022528 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Müllerian anomaly (M.A.) is a group of congenital anatomic abnormalities caused by aberrations of the development process of the Müllerian duct. M.A. can either be isolated or be involved in Mendelian syndromes, such as Dandy-Walker syndrome, Holt-Oram syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which are often associated with both uterus and kidney malformations. In this study, we applied a genotype-first approach to analyze the whole-exome sequencing data of 492 patients with M.A. Six potential pathogenic variants were found in five genes previously related to female urogenital deformities (PKD1, SON, SALL1, BMPR1B, ITGA8), which are partially overlapping with our patients' phenotypes. We further identified eight incidental findings in seven genes related to Mendelian syndromes without known association with reproductive anomalies (TEK, COL11A1, ANKRD11, LEMD3, DLG5, SPTB, BMP2), which represent potential phenotype expansions of these genes.
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Ghatan S, Costantini A, Li R, De Bruin C, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Winter EM, Oei L, Medina-Gomez C. The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Paediatric Fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:481-493. [PMID: 33945105 PMCID: PMC8551106 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fractures are frequently encountered in paediatric practice. Although recurrent fractures in children usually unveil a monogenic syndrome, paediatric fracture risk could be shaped by the individual genetic background influencing the acquisition of bone mineral density, and therefore, the skeletal fragility as shown in adults. Here, we examine paediatric fractures from the perspective of monogenic and complex trait genetics. RECENT FINDINGS Large-scale genome-wide studies in children have identified ~44 genetic loci associated with fracture or bone traits whereas ~35 monogenic diseases characterized by paediatric fractures have been described. Genetic variation can predispose to paediatric fractures through monogenic risk variants with a large effect and polygenic risk involving many variants of small effects. Studying genetic factors influencing peak bone attainment might help in identifying individuals at higher risk of developing early-onset osteoporosis and discovering drug targets to be used as bone restorative pharmacotherapies to prevent, or even reverse, bone loss later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatan
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Li
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C De Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E M Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pippin JA, Chesi A, Wagley Y, Su C, Pahl MC, Hodge KM, Johnson ME, Wells AD, Hankenson KD, Grant SFA. CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing Confirms EPDR1 as an Effector Gene at the BMD GWAS-Implicated ' STARD3NL' Locus. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10531. [PMID: 34532616 PMCID: PMC8441377 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide-association studies (GWASs) have discovered genetic signals robustly associated with BMD, but typically not the precise localization of effector genes. By intersecting genome-wide promoter-focused Capture C and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data generated in human mesenchymal progenitor cell (hMSC)-derived osteoblasts, consistent contacts were previously predicted between the EPDR1 promoter and multiple BMD-associated candidate causal variants at the 'STARD3NL' locus. RNAi knockdown of EPDR1 expression in hMSC-derived osteoblasts was shown to lead to inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. To fully characterize the physical connection between these putative noncoding causal variants at this locus and the EPDR1 gene, clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat Cas9 endonuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) genome editing was conducted in hFOB1.19 cells across the single open-chromatin region harboring candidates for the underlying causal variant, rs1524068, rs6975644, and rs940347, all in close proximity to each other. RT-qPCR and immunoblotting revealed dramatic and consistent downregulation of EPDR1 specifically in the edited differentiated osteoblast cells. Consistent with EPDR1 expression changes, alkaline phosphatase staining was also markedly reduced in the edited differentiated cells. Collectively, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in the hFOB1.19 cell model supports previous observations, where this regulatory region harboring GWAS-implicated variation operates through direct long-distance physical contact, further implicating a key role for EPDR1 in osteoblastogenesis and BMD determination. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kenyaita M Hodge
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate SchoolEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Divisions of Genetics and EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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10
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Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications. Bone Res 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33927194 PMCID: PMC8085014 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting ~200 million people around the world. As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (e.g. calcium and protein intake), physical activity, endocrine status, coexisting diseases and genetic factors. In this review, we first summarize the discovery from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the bone field in the last 12 years. To date, GWASs and meta-analyses have discovered hundreds of loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures. However, the GWAS approach has sometimes been criticized because of the small effect size of the discovered variants and the mystery of missing heritability, these two questions could be partially explained by the newly raised conceptual models, such as omnigenic model and natural selection. Finally, we introduce the clinical use of GWAS findings in the bone field, such as the identification of causal clinical risk factors, the development of drug targets and disease prediction. Despite the fruitful GWAS discoveries in the bone field, most of these GWAS participants were of European descent, and more genetic studies should be carried out in other ethnic populations to benefit disease prediction in the corresponding population.
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Abstract
Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10% increase in peak bone mass (PBM) at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%. Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood. Race, gender, and family history (genetics) are responsible for the majority of PBM, but other factors, such as physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, weight, smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and other secondary causes (diseases and medications), play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence. Hence, the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people, and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhu
- Disease & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Houfeng Zheng
- Disease & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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12
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Cousminer DL, Wagley Y, Pippin JA, Elhakeem A, Way GP, Pahl MC, McCormack SE, Chesi A, Mitchell JA, Kindler JM, Baird D, Hartley A, Howe L, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lu S, Leonard ME, Johnson ME, Hakonarson H, Gilsanz V, Shepherd JA, Oberfield SE, Greene CS, Kelly A, Lawlor DA, Voight BF, Wells AD, Zemel BS, Hankenson KD, Grant SFA. Genome-wide association study implicates novel loci and reveals candidate effector genes for longitudinal pediatric bone accrual. Genome Biol 2021; 22:1. [PMID: 33397451 PMCID: PMC7780623 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone accrual impacts lifelong skeletal health, but genetic discovery has been primarily limited to cross-sectional study designs and hampered by uncertainty about target effector genes. Here, we capture this dynamic phenotype by modeling longitudinal bone accrual across 11,000 bone scans in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents, followed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and variant-to-gene mapping with functional follow-up. RESULTS We identify 40 loci, 35 not previously reported, with various degrees of supportive evidence, half residing in topological associated domains harboring known bone genes. Of several loci potentially associated with later-life fracture risk, a candidate SNP lookup provides the most compelling evidence for rs11195210 (SMC3). Variant-to-gene mapping combining ATAC-seq to assay open chromatin with high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C identifies contacts between GWAS loci and nearby gene promoters. siRNA knockdown of gene expression supports the putative effector gene at three specific loci in two osteoblast cell models. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we confirm that the immediate genomic region harboring the putative causal SNP influences PRPF38A expression, a location which is predicted to coincide with a set of binding sites for relevant transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Using a new longitudinal approach, we expand the number of genetic loci putatively associated with pediatric bone gain. Functional follow-up in appropriate cell models finds novel candidate genes impacting bone accrual. Our data also raise the possibility that the cell fate decision between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages is important in normal bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gregory P Way
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denis Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - April Hartley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Department of Medicine and College of Nursing, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NB, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Science, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Bay CP, Levy SM, Janz KF, Smith BJ, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Burns TL. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Longitudinal Bone Mineral Content Data From the Iowa Bone Development Study. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:44-54. [PMID: 31668963 PMCID: PMC7098844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The foundation for osteoporosis risk is, in part, established during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, all periods of development when bone mass is acquired rapidly. The relative quantity of bone mass accrued is influenced by both lifestyle and genetic factors, although the genetic component is not yet well understood. The purpose of this study was to use a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with: (1) the sex-specific hip bone mineral content at approximately the age of 19 when the amount of bone accrued is near its peak; and (2) the sex-specific rate of hip bone mineral content accrual during the adolescent growth spurt. The Iowa Bone Development Study, a longitudinal cohort study exploring bone health in children, adolescents, and young adults was the source of data. From this cohort, n = 364 (190 females, 174 males) participants were included in GWA analyses to address (1) and n = 258 participants (125 females and 133 males) were included in GWA analyses to address (2). Twenty SNPS were detected having p < 1.0 × 10-5. Of most biologic relevance were 2 suggestive SNPs (rs2051756 and rs2866908) detected in an intron of the DKK2 gene through the GWA analysis that explored peak bone mass in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden P Bay
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Parviainen R, Skarp S, Korhonen L, Serlo W, Männikkö M, Sinikumpu JJ. A single genetic locus associated with pediatric fractures: A genome-wide association study on 3,230 patients. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1716-1724. [PMID: 32742401 PMCID: PMC7388260 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the biological and environmental risk factors of fractures in pediatrics is limited. Previous studies have reported that fractures involve heritable traits, but the genetic factors contributing to the risk of fractures remain elusive. Furthermore, genetic influences specific to immature bone have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify genetic variations that are associated with fractures in early childhood. The present study used a prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort (year 1986; n=9,432). The study population was comprised of 3,230 cohort members with available genotype data. A total of 48 members of the cohort (1.5%) had in-hospital treated bone fractures during their first 6 years of life. Furthermore, individuals without fracture (n=3,182) were used as controls. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a frequentist association test. In the GWAS analysis, a linear regression model was fitted to test for additive effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; genotype dosage) adjusting for sex and performing population stratification using genotypic principal components. Using the GWAS analysis, the present study identified one locus with a significant association with fractures during childhood on chromosome 10 (rs112635931) and six loci with a suggested implication. The lead SNP rs112635931 was located near proline- and serine-rich 2 (PROSER2) antisense RNA 1 (PROSER2-AS1) and PROSER2, thus suggesting that these may be novel candidate genes associated with the risk of pediatric fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope Parviainen
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports Injury Study, Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology (PEDEGO), Oulu Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Linda Korhonen
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports Injury Study, Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology (PEDEGO), Oulu Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Willy Serlo
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports Injury Study, Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology (PEDEGO), Oulu Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports Injury Study, Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology (PEDEGO), Oulu Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
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15
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Salek Ardestani S, Aminafshar M, Zandi Baghche Maryam MB, Banabazi MH, Sargolzaei M, Miar Y. Signatures of selection analysis using whole-genome sequence data reveals novel candidate genes for pony and light horse types. Genome 2020; 63:387-396. [PMID: 32407640 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection and domestication have shaped modern horse populations, resulting in a vast range of phenotypically diverse breeds. Horse breeds are classified into three types (pony, light, and draft) generally based on their body type. Understanding the genetic basis of horse type variation and selective pressures related to the evolutionary trend can be particularly important for current selection strategies. Whole-genome sequences were generated for 14 pony and 32 light horses to investigate the genetic signatures of selection of the horse type in pony and light horses. In the overlapping extremes of the fixation index and nucleotide diversity results, we found novel genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes previously implicated in body measurements including C4ORF33, CRB1, CPN1, FAM13A, and FGF12 that may influence variation in pony and light horse types. This study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic background of differences between pony and light horse types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Salek Ardestani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aminafshar
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Karaj 3146618361, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1, Canada.,Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH 43064, USA
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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16
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Bokhari HA, Shaik NA, Banaganapalli B, Nasser KK, Ageel HI, Al Shamrani AS, Rashidi OM, Al Ghubayshi OY, Shaik J, Ahmad A, Alrayes NM, Al-Aama JY, Elango R, Saadah OI. Whole exome sequencing of a Saudi family and systems biology analysis identifies CPED1 as a putative causative gene to Celiac Disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1494-1502. [PMID: 32489286 PMCID: PMC7254030 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a gastrointestinal disorder whose genetic basis is not fully understood. Therefore, we studied a Saudi family with two CD affected siblings to discover the causal genetic defect. Through whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified that both siblings have inherited an extremely rare and deleterious CPED1 genetic variant (c.241 A > G; p.Thr81Ala) segregating as autosomal recessive mutation, suggesting its putative causal role in the CD. Saudi population specific minor allele frequency (MAF) analysis has confirmed its extremely rare prevalence in homozygous condition (MAF is 0.0004). The Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed the absence of this homozygous variant in 100 sporadic Saudi CD cases. Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data has revealed that CPED1 is abundantly expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. By using a combination of systems biology approaches like protein 3D modeling, stability analysis and nucleotide sequence conservation analysis, we have further established that this variant is deleterious to the structural and functional aspects of CPED1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not been previously reported in CD or any other gastrointestinal disease. The cell culture and animal model studies could provide further insight into the exact role of CPED1 p.Thr81Ala variant in the pathophysiology of CD. In conclusion, by using WES and systems biology analysis, present study for the first-time reports CPED1 as a potential causative gene for CD in a Saudi family with potential implications to both disease diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifaa A Bokhari
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah Khalid Nasser
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Saad Al Shamrani
- Department of Pedidatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omran M Rashidi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jilani Shaik
- Dept of Biochemistry, Genome Research Chair, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Mohammad Alrayes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Yousuf Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ibrahim Saadah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Hou R, Cole SA, Graff M, Haack K, Laston S, Comuzzie AG, Mehta NR, Ryan K, Cousminer DL, Zemel BS, Grant SFA, Mitchell BD, Shypailo RJ, Gourlay ML, North KE, Butte NF, Voruganti VS. Genetic variants affecting bone mineral density and bone mineral content at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children. Bone 2020; 132:115175. [PMID: 31790847 PMCID: PMC7120871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoporosis is a major public health burden with significant economic costs. However, the correlates of bone health in Hispanic children are understudied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide and exome-wide association analysis of BMD and BMC. The Viva La Familia Study is a family-based cohort with a total of 1030 Hispanic children (4-19 years old at baseline) conducted in Houston, TX. BMD and BMC were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Significant heritability were observed for BMC and BMD at multiple skeletal sites ranging between 44 and 68% (P < 2.8 × 10-9). Significant evidence for linkage was found for BMD of pelvis and left leg on chromosome 7p14, lumbar spine on 20q13 and left rib on 6p21, and BMC of pelvis on chromosome 20q12 and total body on 14q22-23 (logarithm of odds score > 3). We found genome-wide significant association between BMC of right arm and rs762920 at PVALB (P = 4.6 × 10-8), and between pelvis BMD and rs7000615 at PTK2B (P = 7.4 × 10-8). Exome-wide association analysis revealed novel association of variants at MEGF10 and ABRAXAS2 with left arm and lumber spine BMC, respectively (P < 9 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS We identified novel loci associated with BMC and BMD in Hispanic children, with strongest evidence for PTK2B. These findings provide better understanding of bone genetics and shed light on biological mechanisms underlying BMD and BMC variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Laston
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Nitesh R Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of GI, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roman J Shypailo
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret L Gourlay
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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18
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Lu HF, Hung KS, Chu HW, Wong HSC, Kim J, Kim MK, Choi BY, Tai YT, Ikegawa S, Cho EC, Chang WC. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Three Loci Associated With Stiffness Index of the Calcaneus. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1275-1283. [PMID: 30779856 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness index (SI) from quantitative ultrasound measurements is a good indicator of BMD and may be used to predict the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) for SI using 7742 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank, followed by a replication study in a Korean population (n = 2955). Approximately 6.1 million SNPs were subjected to association analysis, and SI-associated variants were identified. We further conducted a meta-analysis of Taiwan Biobank significant SNPs with a Korean population-based cohort. Candidate genes were prioritized according to epigenetic annotations, gene ontology, protein-protein interaction, GWAS catalog, and expression quantitative trait loci analyses. Our results revealed seven significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within three loci: 7q31.31, 17p13.3, and 11q14.2. Conditional analysis showed that three SNPs, rs2536195 (CPED1/WNT16), rs1231207 (SMG6), and rs4944661 (LOC10050636/TMEM135), were the most important signals within these regions. The associations for the three SNPs were confirmed in a UK Biobank estimated BMD GWAS; these three cytobands were replicated successfully after a meta-analysis with a Korean population cohort as well. However, two SNPs were not replicated. After prioritization, we identified two novel genes, RAB15 and FNTB, as strong candidates for association with SI. Our study identified three SI-associated SNPs and two novel SI-related genes. Overall, these results provide further insight into the genetic architecture of osteoporosis. Further studies in larger East Asian populations are needed. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Fang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury, Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University-Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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19
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Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Basavaraj S, Hadlich F, Murani E, Wimmers K. Epigenome-wide skeletal muscle DNA methylation profiles at the background of distinct metabolic types and ryanodine receptor variation in pigs. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:492. [PMID: 31195974 PMCID: PMC6567458 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic variation may result from selection for complex traits related to metabolic processes or appear in the course of adaptation to mediate responses to exogenous stressors. Moreover epigenetic marks, in particular the DNA methylation state, of specific loci are driven by genetic variation. In this sense, polymorphism with major gene effects on metabolic and cell signaling processes, like the variation of the ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle, may affect DNA methylation. METHODS DNA-Methylation profiles were generated applying Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) on 17 Musculus longissimus dorsi samples. We examined DNA methylation in skeletal muscle of pig breeds differing in metabolic type, Duroc and Pietrain. We also included F2 crosses of these breeds to get a first clue to DNA methylation sites that may contribute to breed differences. Moreover, we compared DNA methylation in muscle tissue of Pietrain pigs differing in genotypes at the gene encoding the Ca2+ release channel (RYR1) that largely affects muscle physiology. RESULTS More than 2000 differently methylated sites were found between breeds including changes in methylation profiles of METRNL, IDH3B, COMMD6, and SLC22A18, genes involved in lipid metabolism. Depending on RYR1 genotype there were 1060 differently methylated sites including some functionally related genes, such as CABP2 and EHD, which play a role in buffering free cytosolic Ca2+ or interact with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CONCLUSIONS The change in the level of methylation between the breeds is probably the result of the long-term selection process for quantitative traits involving an infinite number of genes, or it may be the result of a major gene mutation that plays an important role in muscle metabolism and triggers extensive compensatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sajjanar Basavaraj
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Rostock, Germany. .,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Chesi A, Wagley Y, Johnson ME, Manduchi E, Su C, Lu S, Leonard ME, Hodge KM, Pippin JA, Hankenson KD, Wells AD, Grant SFA. Genome-scale Capture C promoter interactions implicate effector genes at GWAS loci for bone mineral density. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1260. [PMID: 30890710 PMCID: PMC6425012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a devastating disease with an essential genetic component. GWAS have discovered genetic signals robustly associated with bone mineral density (BMD), but not the precise localization of effector genes. Here, we carry out physical and direct variant to gene mapping in human mesenchymal progenitor cell-derived osteoblasts employing a massively parallel, high resolution Capture C based method in order to simultaneously characterize the genome-wide interactions of all human promoters. By intersecting our Capture C and ATAC-seq data, we observe consistent contacts between candidate causal variants and putative target gene promoters in open chromatin for ~ 17% of the 273 BMD loci investigated. Knockdown of two novel implicated genes, ING3 at ‘CPED1-WNT16’ and EPDR1 at ‘STARD3NL’, inhibits osteoblastogenesis, while promoting adipogenesis. This approach therefore aids target discovery in osteoporosis, here on the example of two relevant genes involved in the fate determination of mesenchymal progenitors, and can be applied to other common genetic diseases. GWAS have identified numerous genetic loci for bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Here, the authors map these variants to putative target genes using ATAC-seq and Capture C of human osteoblasts and confirm ING3 and EPDR1 as BMD genes in in vitro osteoblast differentiation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Kenyaita M Hodge
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA. .,Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.
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21
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Mitchell JA, Chesi A, Cousminer DL, McCormack SE, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V, Oberfield SE, Shepherd JA, Kelly A, Zemel BS, Grant SF. Multidimensional Bone Density Phenotyping Reveals New Insights Into Genetic Regulation of the Pediatric Skeleton. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:812-821. [PMID: 29240982 PMCID: PMC7473448 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with developmental origins. It is therefore important to understand the genetic contribution to pediatric areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Individual skeletal site phenotyping has been primarily used to identify pediatric aBMD loci. However, this approach is limited because there is a degree of aBMD discordance across skeletal sites. We therefore applied a novel multidimensional phenotyping approach to further understand the genetic regulation of pediatric aBMD. Our sample comprised a prospective, longitudinal cohort of 1293 children of European ancestry (52% female; up to seven annual measurements). Principal components analysis was applied to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived aBMD Z-scores for total hip, femoral neck, spine, and distal radius to generate multidimensional aBMD phenotypes (ie, principal component scores). We tested the association between a genetic score (percentage of bone lowering alleles at 63 loci) and each principal component. We also performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) using the multiethnic baseline data (n = 1885) to identify novel loci associated with these principal components. The first component (PC1) reflected a concordant phenotypic model of the skeleton (eg, higher loading score = higher BMD across all sites). In contrast, PC2 was discordant for distal radius versus spine and hip aBMD, and PC3 was discordant for spine versus distal radius and hip aBMD. The genetic score was associated with PC1 (beta = -0.05, p = 3.9 × 10-10 ), but was not associated with discordant PC2 or PC3. Our GWAS discovered variation near CPED1 that associated with PC2 (rs67991850, p = 2.5 × 10-11 ) and near RAB11FIP5 (rs58649746, p = 4.8 × 10-9 ) that associated with PC3. In conclusion, an established bone fragility genetic summary score was associated with a concordant skeletal phenotype, but not discordant skeletal phenotypes. Novel associations were observed for the discordant multidimensional skeletal phenotypes that provide new biological insights into the developing skeleton. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan Fa Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Gilsanz V, Wren TAL, Ponrartana S, Mora S, Rosen CJ. Sexual Dimorphism and the Origins of Human Spinal Health. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:221-239. [PMID: 29385433 PMCID: PMC5888211 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of vertebral bodies is on average 10% smaller in healthy newborn girls than in newborn boys, a striking difference that increases during infancy and puberty and is greatest by the time of sexual and skeletal maturity. The smaller CSA of female vertebrae is associated with greater spinal flexibility and could represent the human adaptation to fetal load in bipedal posture. Unfortunately, it also imparts a mechanical disadvantage that increases stress within the vertebrae for all physical activities. This review summarizes the potential endocrine, genetic, and environmental determinants of vertebral cross-sectional growth and current knowledge of the association between the small female vertebrae and greater risk for a broad array of spinal conditions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Skorn Ponrartana
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Stefano Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
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23
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Cousminer DL, Mitchell JA, Chesi A, Roy SM, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V, Oberfield SE, Shepherd JA, Kelly A, McCormack SE, Voight BF, Zemel BS, Grant SFA. Genetically Determined Later Puberty Impacts Lowered Bone Mineral Density in Childhood and Adulthood. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:430-436. [PMID: 29068475 PMCID: PMC5839967 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Later puberty associates with lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and both are risk factors for osteoporosis. However, the association between puberty timing-associated genetic variants and aBMD during development, and the causal relationship between puberty timing and aBMD, remain uncharacterized. We constructed sex-specific polygenic risk scores (GRS) consisting of 333 genetic variants associated with later puberty in European-descent children in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS), consisting of a longitudinal cohort with up to seven assessments (n = 933) and a cross-sectional cohort (n = 486). These GRS were tested for associations with age- and sex-specific aBMD Z-scores at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), total hip, and distal radius, accounting for clinical covariates using sex-stratified linear mixed models. The causal relationship between puberty timing and aBMD was tested in the BMDCS and in publicly available adult data (GEFOS consortium) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). The puberty-delaying GRS was associated with later puberty and lower LS-aBMD in the BMDCS in both sexes (combined beta ± SE = -0.078 ± 0.024; p = 0.0010). In the MR framework, the puberty-delaying genetic instrument also supported a causal association with lower LS-aBMD and FN-aBMD in adults of both sexes. Our results suggest that pubertal timing is causal for diminished aBMD in a skeletal site- and sex-specific manner that tracks throughout life, potentially impacting later risk for osteoporosis, which should be tested in future studies. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jonathan A. Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Sani M. Roy
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Sharon E. Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - John A. Shepherd
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Shana E. McCormack
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translation Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
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24
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Manolagas SC. The Quest for Osteoporosis Mechanisms and Rational Therapies: How Far We've Come, How Much Further We Need to Go. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:371-385. [PMID: 29405383 PMCID: PMC6816306 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, understanding of bone biology and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the most common and impactful bone disease of old age, has improved dramatically thanks to basic and clinical research advances, genetic insights from humans and rodents, and newer imaging technologies. Culprits of osteoporosis are no longer a matter of speculation based on in vitro observations. Instead, they can be identified and dissected at the cellular and molecular level using genetic approaches; and their effect on distinct bone envelopes and anatomic regions can be functionally assessed in vivo. The landscape of pharmacotherapies for osteoporosis has also changed profoundly with the emergence of several potent antiresorptive drugs as well as anabolic agents, displacing estrogen replacement as the treatment of choice. In spite of these major positive developments, the optimal duration of the available therapies and their long-term safety remain matters of conjecture and some concern. Moreover, antiresorptive therapies are used indiscriminately for patients of all ages on the assumption that suppressing remodeling is always beneficial for bone, but rebound remodeling upon their discontinuation suggests otherwise. In this invited perspective, I highlight the latest state of knowledge of bone-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms responsible for the development of osteoporosis in both sexes; differences between the mechanisms responsible for the effects of aging and estrogen deficiency; and the role of old osteocytes in the development of cortical porosity. In addition, I highlight advances toward the goal of developing drugs for several degenerative diseases of old age at once, including osteoporosis, by targeting shared mechanisms of aging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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25
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Piemontese M, Almeida M, Robling AG, Kim HN, Xiong J, Thostenson JD, Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC, O'Brien CA, Jilka RL. Old age causes de novo intracortical bone remodeling and porosity in mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93771. [PMID: 28878136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased cortical thickness and increased cortical porosity are the key anatomic changes responsible for osteoporotic fractures in elderly women and men. The cellular basis of these changes is unbalanced endosteal and intracortical osteonal remodeling by the osteoclasts and osteoblasts that comprise the basic multicellular units (BMUs). Like humans, mice lose cortical bone with age, but unlike humans, this loss occurs in the face of sex steroid sufficiency. Mice are therefore an ideal model to dissect age-specific osteoporotic mechanisms. Nevertheless, lack of evidence for endosteal or intracortical remodeling in mice has raised questions about their translational relevance. We show herein that administration of the antiosteoclastogenic cytokine osteoprotegerin to Swiss Webster mice ablated not only osteoclasts, but also endosteal bone formation, demonstrating the occurrence of BMU-based endosteal remodeling. Femoral cortical thickness decreased in aged male and female C57BL/6J mice, as well as F1 hybrids of C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy mice. This decrease was greater in C57BL/6J mice, indicating a genetic influence. Moreover, endosteal remodeling became unbalanced because of increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblast numbers. The porosity of the femoral cortex increased with age but was much higher in females of both strains. Notably, the increased cortical porosity resulted from de novo intracortical remodeling by osteon-like structures. Age-dependent cortical bone loss was associated with increased osteocyte DNA damage, cellular senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and increased levels of RANKL. The demonstration of unbalanced endosteal and intracortical remodeling in old mice validates the relevance of this animal model to involutional osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Piemontese
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jinhu Xiong
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeff D Thostenson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert S Weinstein
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert L Jilka
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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26
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Charles JF, Sury M, Tsang K, Urso K, Henke K, Huang Y, Russell R, Duryea J, Harris MP. Utility of quantitative micro-computed tomographic analysis in zebrafish to define gene function during skeletogenesis. Bone 2017; 101:162-171. [PMID: 28476577 PMCID: PMC5512604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful experimental model to investigate the genetic and morphologic basis of vertebrate development. Analysis of skeletogenesis in this fish is challenging as a result of the small size of the developing and adult zebrafish. Many of the bones of small fishes such as the zebrafish and medaka are quite thin, precluding many standard assays of bone quality and morphometrics commonly used on bones of larger animals. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is a common imaging technique used for detailed analysis of the skeleton of the zebrafish and determination of mutant phenotypes. However, the utility of this modality for analysis of the zebrafish skeleton, and the effect of inherent variation among individual zebrafish, including variables such as sex, age and strain, is not well understood. Given the increased use and accessibility of microCT, we set out to define the sensitivity of microCT methods in developing and adult zebrafish. We assessed skeletal shape and density measures in the developing vertebrae and parasphenoid of the skull base. We found most skeletal variables are tightly correlated to standard length, but that at later growth stages (>3months) there are age dependent effects on some skeletal measures. Further we find modest strain but not sex differences in skeletal measures. These data suggest that the appropriate control for assessing mutant phenotypes should be age and strain matched, ideally a wild-type sibling. By analyzing two mutants exhibiting skeletal dysplasia, we show that microCT imaging can be a sensitive method to quantify distinct skeletal parameters of adults. Finally, as developing zebrafish skeletons remain difficult to resolve by radiographic means, we define a contrast agent specific for bone that enhances resolution at early stages, permitting detailed morphometric analysis of the forming skeleton. This increased capability for detection extends the use of this imaging modality to leverage the zebrafish model to understand the development causes of skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Meera Sury
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Kelly Tsang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Katia Urso
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Ruby Russell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Jeffrey Duryea
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States.
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