1
|
Oestreich AK, Harasymowicz NS, Savadipour A, Harissa Z, Rashidi N, Luhmann MK, Kuziez M, Moley KH, Guilak F. Maternal high-fat high-sugar diet impairs bone quality and strength but not cartilage in aging mice. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 39342461 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent aging disorder of synovial joints and recent work suggests that a parental high-fat diet increases OA severity following joint injury in offspring. We hypothesized that a maternal high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet would promote spontaneous osteoarthritis-related cartilage and bone changes in 1-year-old offspring. Female C57BL/6 J mice were placed on either a chow control or HFHS diet for 6 weeks before mating to a chow-fed C57BL/6 J male and maintained on their assigned diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto a chow diet, raised to 1 year of age, and evaluated for cartilage and bone changes indicative of OA. However, offspring did not show early signs of OA as measured by histological Mankin scoring, mechanical testing of the pericellular matrix, histological synovitis scoring, or subchondral bone thickening as measured by microcomputed Tomography. On the other hand, male offspring from HFHS-fed dams had reduced trabecular bone quality in the tibial metaphysis and decreased cortical thickness. Although maternal HFHS diet did not impact trabecular or cortical bone quality in tibias of female offspring, the radii of these animals had decreased cortical thickness, increased medullary area, and impaired breaking strength compared to those of control-fed dams. Finally, we evaluated bone quality and strength in male and female F2 offspring and found that the grandmaternal diet modestly impacted radial bone geometry but not strength. Together these results suggest that maternal HFHS diet impairs F1 offspring skeletal integrity in a sex and bone site-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arin K Oestreich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zainab Harissa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Neda Rashidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meredith K Luhmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mohammed Kuziez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah VN, Leslie WD, Lautatzis ME, Liu K, Prior HJ, Wicklow B. Maternal diabetes and fracture risk in offspring: a population-based analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:683-687. [PMID: 38547399 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Factors affecting intrauterine environment exerts influence on skeletal health and fracture risk in later life. Diabetes during pregnancy is known to influence birth weight and is associated with fetal overgrowth. However, the effects of maternal diabetes on fracture risk in offspring is unknown. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between maternal diabetes and fracture risk in offspring. Using population-based administrative health data for Manitoba, Canada, we identified deliveries complicated by gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes between April 1, 1980, and March 31, 2020. The cohort was followed for a median of 15.8 yr. The primary outcome was any incident fracture in offspring. Secondary outcomes were long bone upper extremity fracture, long bone lower extremity fracture, vertebral fracture, and any non-trauma fractures. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate fracture risk in offspring by maternal diabetes status adjusted for relevant covariates. Of the 585 176 deliveries, 26 397 offspring were born to women with diabetes (3.0% gestational diabetes and 1.5% type 2 diabetes), and 558 779 were born to women without diabetes. The adjusted risk for any fracture was 7% (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 2.7-11.5%) higher in the offspring of mothers with diabetes than offspring of mothers without diabetes. Types of fractures were similar between the 2 groups with a predominance of long bone upper extremity fractures. In conclusion, maternal diabetes was associated with a modest increase in fracture risk in offspring. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to understand intrauterine and postnatal factors that may influence fracture risk in the offspring of mothers with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viral N Shah
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Maria-Elena Lautatzis
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Kun Liu
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Manitoba, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Heather J Prior
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Manitoba, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Brandy Wicklow
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Ou J, Zeng Y, Hou L, Yuan Y, Luo Z. Bibliometric study on clinical research of osteoporosis in adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1041360. [PMID: 36908434 PMCID: PMC9992876 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Focusing on the theme of "osteoporosis-related research in adolescents," a systematic visualization of the developmental lineage, current research status, hot spots, and trends of adolescent osteoporosis was conducted to provide a reference for subsequent related research, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Method The Web of Science core database was used as the data source to retrieve the relevant literature and the bibliometrics method. An online bibliometric platform, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software were used to conduct co-occurrence analysis on the authors, scientific research institutions, national cooperation, keywords, and funding sources to draw the relevant knowledge map. Result A total of 1,199 publications from the Web of Science core database were included in this study. The number of published adolescent osteoporosis (AOP) studies has shown an upward trend over the past 29 years, with the United States being the major contributor to the field with the highest number of publications (291, 24.3%) and the highest number of citations (12,186). The international collaboration map shows that the United States is the country most focused on international collaborative exchanges, with the closest collaboration between the United States and Canada. The most influential research institutions and authors are Children's Hospital and Rauch F. the United States is the primary funding source for this research area. Research hotspots were mainly focused on "bone density," "osteoporosis," and "children." Conclusion These knowledge maps review the research hotpots in adolescent osteoporosis research over time, analyze and summarize the research process over the past 29 years, and predict future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingshuang Li
- Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Ou
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Science and Education Section, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Age estimation for two Mediterranean populations: rib histomorphometry applied to forensic identification and bone remodelling research. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1469-1481. [PMID: 35394177 PMCID: PMC9375747 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence bone remodelling rates and have shown to affect the accuracy of histological aging methods. The present study investigates the rib cortex from two Mediterranean skeletal collections exploring the development of population-specific standards for histomorphometric age-at-death estimation. Eighty-eight standard ribs from two samples, Cretans and Greek-Cypriots, were processed histologically. Thirteen raw and composite histomorphometric parameters were assessed and observer error tested. The correlation between age and the parameters and the differences between sex and population subsamples were explored through group comparisons and analysis of covariance. General linear models assessed through data fit indicators and cross-validation were generated from the total dataset, and by sex and population subsamples. Most of the histological variables showed a statistically significant correlation with age with some differences observed by sex and by sample. From the twelve models generated, the optimal model for the whole sample included osteon population density (OPD), osteon perimeter, and osteon circularity producing an error of 10.71 years. When sex and samples were separated, the best model selected included OPD and osteon perimeter producing an error of 8.07 years for Greek-Cypriots. This research demonstrates the feasibility of quantitative bone histology to estimate age, obtaining errors rates in accordance with macroscopic ageing techniques. Sex and sample population differences need further investigation and inter-population variation in remodelling rates is suggested. Moreover, this study contributes to the creation of population-specific standards for Cretans and Greek-Cypriots.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal D, Ray U, Ghosh P. Differences in skeletal growth pattern of yoga practising adolescent girls: A cross-sectional study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100550. [PMID: 35255268 PMCID: PMC8904604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yogasana improves both mental and physical health. There is sparse systematic research on the growth of yogasana practising adolescents. Objectives This study aims to assess the differential skeletal growth pattern among pre-adolescent and adolescent girls as a result of yoga practice. Methods A cross-sectional anthropometric study was conducted on stature (height), sitting height and leg length of 757 school-going girls (4-15 years old), divided in two groups, Yoga Group (YG) (n=380) and age matched Control Group (CG) (n=377) participants participating in recreational games other than yoga. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied. Unpaired t-test was performed for assessment of level of significance and Pearson's correlation (r) test was performed to to identify the association between growth pattern of stature and leg length at specific ages. Results The physical growth showed an ascending trend in both Yoga group (YG)2 participants and control group (CG)3 . At the onset of adolescence (10–12 years) the mean stature and leg length of YG participants were retarded (p < 0.05). Sitting height in YG was significantly (p < 0.05) low only in 10-year-olds. The similar trends were observed in stature and leg length in YG participants at 10 years (5th and 10th percentile) and 12 years (90th and 95th percentile). There was strong positive relationship between stature and leg length of YG participants (10 years, r = 0.86, p < 0.01; 11 years, r = 0.86, p < 0.01; 12 years, r = 0.72, p < 0.01). The stunted growth in YG participants during adolescence may be related to retarded growth of leg length. Conclusions Intense yogasana practice with greater skeletal stress possibly hinders stature in adolescent girls from 10 to 12 years. This may compromise with the natural growth pattern, necessitating special care during yoga training among adolescents while selecting the type, intensity and duration of yogasanas practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Mandal
- Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - UdaySankar Ray
- Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Pratiti Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glorieux FH, Bonewald LF, Harvey NC, van der Meulen MCH. Potential influences on optimizing long-term musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:30. [PMID: 35101067 PMCID: PMC8802511 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of bone growth and development over a lifespan, including the crosstalk between muscle and bone, to achieve optimal structure and function. While there have been significant advances in understanding how to help improve and maintain bone health in normal individuals, there is limited knowledge on whether these mechanisms apply or are compromised in pathological states. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) (ORPHA:89936) is a rare, heritable, renal phosphate-wasting disorder. The resultant chronic hypophosphatemia leads to progressive deterioration in musculoskeletal function, including impaired growth, rickets, and limb deformities in children, as well as lifelong osteomalacia with reduced bone quality and impaired muscle structure and function. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary both in presentation and severity in affected individuals, and many of the consequences of childhood defects persist into adulthood, causing significant morbidity that impacts physical function and quality of life. Intervention to restore phosphate levels early in life during the critical stages of skeletal development in children with XLH could optimize growth and may prevent or reduce bone deformities in childhood. A healthier bone structure, together with improved muscle function, can lead to physical activity enhancing musculoskeletal health throughout life. In adults, continued management may help to maintain the positive effects acquired from childhood treatment, thereby slowing or halting disease progression. In this review, we summarize the opinions from members of a working group with expertise in pediatrics, epidemiology, and bone, joint and muscle biology, on potential outcomes for people with XLH, who have been optimally treated from an early age and continue treatment throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Syggelos N, Augoulea A, Armeni E, Kaparos G, Vafaei H, Dontas I, Marinou K, Vaggos G, Raptou P, Lambrinoudaki I, Eleftheriades M, Nicolaides KH. Impact of prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation on bone quality in adult Wistar rats offspring. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
Woolford SJ, Curtis EM, D'Angelo S, Mahon P, Cooke L, Cleal JK, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Placental volume at 11 weeks is associated with offspring bone mass at birth and in later childhood: Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Placenta 2020; 99:101-107. [PMID: 32784052 PMCID: PMC7116131 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between placental volume (PV) at 11 weeks' gestation and offspring bone outcomes at birth, 6 years and 8 years. METHODS 3D ultrasound scanning was used to assess 11 week PV in a subset (n = 236) of the Southampton Women's Survey (a prospective mother-offspring cohort). Maternal anthropometric measures and lifestyle information were obtained pre-pregnancy and at 11 weeks' gestation. Offspring dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning was performed within 2 weeks postnatally and at 6 and 8 years. Linear regression was used to assess associations between PV and bone outcomes, adjusting for offspring age at DXA and sex, and maternal age, height, smoking status, walking speed and triceps skinfold thickness. β are SD change in bone outcome per SD change in PV. RESULTS In adjusted models, 11 week PV was positively associated with bone area (BA) at all time points, with evidence of persisting associations with increasing childhood age (birth: n = 80, β = 0.23 [95%CI = 0.03, 0.42], 6 years: n = 110, β = 0.17 [-0.01, 0.36], 8 years: n = 85, β = 0.13 [-0.09, 0.36]). Similar associations between 11 week PV and bone mineral content (BMC) were observed. Associations with size-corrected bone mineral content were weaker at birth but strengthened in later childhood (birth: n = 78, β = 0.07 [-0.21, 0.35], 6 years: n = 107, β = 0.13 [-0.08, 0.34], 8 years: n = 71, β = 0.19 [-0.05, 0.43]). CONCLUSIONS 11 week PV is associated with DXA bone measures at birth, with evidence of persisting associations into later childhood. Further work is required to elucidate the contributions of placental morphology and function to gestational influences on skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Woolford
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E M Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S D'Angelo
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Mahon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Cooke
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J K Cleal
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oestreich AK, Onuzuriuke A, Yao X, Talton O, Wang Y, Pfeiffer FM, Schulz LC, Phillips CL. Leprdb/+ Dams Protect Wild-type Male Offspring Bone Strength from the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5850509. [PMID: 32484851 PMCID: PMC7417874 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and increases the life-long risk of developing cardiometabolic disease in adult offspring. Leptin, an adipokine, is systemically elevated in the obese milieu. We recently showed that maternal hyperleptinemia without obesity improves offspring insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance while protecting against weight gain on a high-fat, high-sugar (HFD). Here, we investigate the effect of maternal hyperleptinemia on offspring bone by using 2 independent maternal models. First, we compared wild-type (WT) offspring from severely hyperleptinemic Leprdb/+ (DB/+) dams with those from WT dams. In the second model, WT females were implanted with miniosmotic pumps that released either saline (group SAL) or leptin (group LEP; 650ng/hour) and the WT offspring were compared. At 23 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were challenged with a HFD for 8 weeks. When the offspring were 31 weeks of age, bone geometry, strength, and material properties were investigated. The HFD increased trabecular bone volume but decreased both total breaking strength and material strength of femora from the offspring of WT dams. However, male offspring of DB/+ dams were protected from the detrimental effects of a HFD, while offspring of LEP dams were not. Further material analysis revealed a modest decrease in advanced glycation end product accumulation coupled with increased collagen crosslinking in male offspring from DB/+ dams on a HFD. These data suggest that while maternal leptin may protect bone quality from the effects of a HFD, additional factors of the maternal environment controlled by leptin receptor signaling are likely also involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arin K Oestreich
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Correspondence: Arin Oestreich, Washington University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, Scott McKinley Building, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110. E-mail:
| | | | - Xiaomei Yao
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Yong Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ferris M Pfeiffer
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baradaran Mahdavi S, Daniali SS, Farajzadegan Z, Bahreynian M, Riahi R, Kelishadi R. Association between maternal smoking and child bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23538-23549. [PMID: 32314283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal development. The current review examined the differences in offspring's bone mineral density (BMD) between mothers smoked during pregnancy and those who did not. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies investigating the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children or neonates' bone measures published up to October 30, 2018, was performed. BMD results measured at different body sites were pooled and then fixed or random effect models were used based on the presence of heterogeneity. The desired pooled effect size was the offspring's BMD mean difference with 95% confidence interval between smoker and non-smoker mothers. Sensitivity analysis was performed for birth weight and current weight, two important mediator/confounders causing heterogeneity. Overall, eight studies consisting of 17,931 participants aged from infancy to 18 years were included. According to the fixed effect model, the mean of BMD in offspring whose mothers smoked during pregnancy was 0.01 g/cm2 lower than those with non-smoker mothers (95% CI = - 0.02 to - 0.002). However, subgroup meta-analysis adjusted for birth weight and current weight demonstrated no significant mean difference between BMD of children with smoker and non-smoker mothers (d = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.16, p value = 0.25 and d = - 0.005, 95% CI = - 0.01 to 0.004, p value = 0.28, respectively). According to available studies, it is suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy does not have direct effect on the offspring's BMD. Instead, this association might be confounded by other factors such as placental weight, birth weight, and current body size of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Pediatric Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Biostatistics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical science, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DEMİRBAŞ F, ENGİN ARISOY A, DEMİR H. The Long-Term Effect of Very Low Birth Weight and Prematurity On Bone Mineral Density In 5-7 Years Old Children. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.755695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Clynes MA, Harvey NC, Curtis EM, Fuggle NR, Dennison EM, Cooper C. The epidemiology of osteoporosis. Br Med Bull 2020; 133:105-117. [PMID: 32282039 PMCID: PMC7115830 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With a worldwide ageing population, the importance of the prevention and management of osteoporotic fragility fractures is increasing over time. In this review, we discuss in detail the epidemiology of fragility fractures, how this is shaped by pharmacological interventions and how novel screening programmes can reduce the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures. SOURCES OF DATA PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using various combinations of the keywords 'osteoporosis', 'epidemiology', 'fracture', 'screening', `FRAX' and 'SCOOP'. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The economic burden of osteoporosis-related fracture is significant, costing approximately $17.9 and £4 billion per annum in the USA and UK. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Risk calculators such as the web-based FRAX® algorithm have enabled assessment of an individual's fracture risk using clinical risk factors, with only partial consideration of bone mineral density (BMD). GROWING POINTS As with all new interventions, we await the results of long-term use of osteoporosis screening algorithms and how these can be refined and incorporated into clinical practice. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Despite advances in osteoporosis screening, a minority of men and women at high fracture risk worldwide receive treatment. The economic and societal burden caused by osteoporosis is a clear motivation for improving the screening and management of osteoporosis worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Clynes
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Curtis
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nicholas R Fuggle
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- The MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kolakshyapati M, Flavel RJ, Sibanda TZ, Schneider D, Welch MC, Ruhnke I. Various bone parameters are positively correlated with hen body weight while range access has no beneficial effect on tibia health of free-range layers. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6241-6250. [PMID: 31504903 PMCID: PMC8913749 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if body weight or range use has a significant impact on bone health in commercial free-range laying hens, and to correlate tibia bone quality parameters with individual range usage and body weight. A total of 30 Lohmann Brown hens at 74 wk of age were selected from a commercial free-range farm and were either classified as heavy (mean ± SEM body weight 2.11 ± 0.034 kg, n = 14) or light (1.68 ± 0.022 kg, n = 16) body weight, and also classified as rangers (accessed the range for 86.7% of available days, n = 16) or stayers (accessed the range for 5.00% of available days, n = 14). The left tibiae of all individuals were analyzed for morphological parameters using computed tomography, evaluated for bone breaking strength, and ashed to determine mineral composition. Keel bone scoring was performed based on observation. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, and regression analysis was performed. There was no measurable effect of range usage on any of the tibia parameters investigated. The body weight was significantly correlated with tibia breaking strength (r = 0.59), tibia weight (r = 0.56), tibia length (r = 0.64), diaphyseal diameter (r = 0.61), and total tibia volume (r = 0.67). In conclusion, range access had no beneficial effect on bone health. The impact of internal hen house furnishing and movement on bone health needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kolakshyapati
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - R J Flavel
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - T Z Sibanda
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - D Schneider
- School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - M C Welch
- School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - I Ruhnke
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meeta M, Harinarayan CV, Marwah R, Sahay R, Kalra S, Babhulkar S. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: *An Executive Summary and Recommendations - Update 2019-2020. J Midlife Health 2020; 11:96-112. [PMID: 33281419 PMCID: PMC7688018 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_143_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meeta Meeta
- Co-Director, Chief Consultant Tanvir Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Raman Marwah
- Scientific Advisor, Senior Consultant Endocrinology, International Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Professor, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Sushrut Babhulkar
- Consultant, Trauma and Joint Replacement Surgeon, Sushrut Hospital and Post-Graduate Institute of Orthopaedic, Nagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fallowfield JL, Leiper RG, Shaw AM, Whittamore DR, Lanham-New SA, Allsopp AJ, Kluzek S, Arden NK, Sanchez-Santos MT. Risk of Injury in Royal Air Force Training: Does Sex Really Matter? Mil Med 2020; 185:170-177. [PMID: 30137495 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musculoskeletal injuries are common during military and other occupational physical training programs. Employers have a duty of care to reduce employees' injury risk, where females tend to be at greater risk than males. However, quantification of principle co-factors influencing the sex-injury association, and their relative importance, remain poorly defined. Injury risk co-factors were investigated during Royal Air Force (RAF) recruit training to inform the strategic prioritization of mitigation strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 1,193 (males n = 990 (83%); females n = 203 (17%)) recruits, undertaking Phase-1 military training, were prospectively monitored for injury occurrence. The primary independent variable was sex, and potential confounders (fitness, smoking, anthropometric measures, education attainment) were assessed pre-training. Generalized linear models were used to assess associations between sex and injury. RESULTS In total, 31% of recruits (28% males; 49% females) presented at least one injury during training. Females had a two-fold greater unadjusted risk of injury during training than males (RR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.49-2.10). After anthropometric, lifestyle and education measures were included in the model, the excess risk decreased by 34%, but the associations continued to be statistically significant. In contrast, when aerobic fitness was adjusted, an inverse association was identified; the injury risk was 40% lower in females compared with males (RR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness was the most important confounder with respect to differences in males' and females' injury risk, rather than sex alone. Mitigation to reduce this risk should, therefore, focus upon physical training, complemented by healthy lifestyle interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Fallowfield
- Environmental Medicine and Sciences Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Crescent Road, Alverstoke, Hampshire PO12 2DL, UK
| | - Rachel G Leiper
- Regional Medical Centre, RAF Halton, Aylesbury, Bucks HP22 5PG, UK
| | - Anneliese M Shaw
- Environmental Medicine and Sciences Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Crescent Road, Alverstoke, Hampshire PO12 2DL, UK
| | - David R Whittamore
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Adrian J Allsopp
- Environmental Medicine and Sciences Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Crescent Road, Alverstoke, Hampshire PO12 2DL, UK
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Arthritis Research UK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Arthritis Research UK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Sydney Medical School, Edward Ford Building A27, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maria T Sanchez-Santos
- Arthritis Research UK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beardsall A, Perreault M, Farncombe T, Vanniyasingam T, Thabane L, Teo KK, Atkinson SA. Maternal and child factors associated with bone length traits in children at 3 years of age. Bone 2019; 127:1-8. [PMID: 31132508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to sub-optimal maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy has been linked to inadequate in utero bone growth with potential for post-natal deficits, but reported findings are inconsistent. Possible reasons include measurement error in assessing bone length/height, or lack of adjustment for confounding variables such as maternal/infant diet, physical activity and season of birth. The objective of this study was to determine the maternal and child factors associated with bone length traits in children at 3 years of age as part of a longitudinal follow-up of a pregnancy cohort. METHODS Mother-child dyads enrolled in the Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In early Life study were included. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anthropometry, physical activity by questionnaire and dietary assessment by food frequency questionnaire were completed for mothers during pregnancy (27-40 weeks gestation) and for children at 3 years with diet by 3-day food records (Nutritionist Pro). Whole body bone mineral density in mother and child (n = 473) was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) at the 3 year visit. A software program was developed using MATLAB to derive bone length measurements from whole body DXA images using 8 long bones of each child. Association between maternal and child variables with offspring bone length was assessed using unadjusted and adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS In the final adjusted multivariate regression model, factors associated with child bone length were maternal height (p = 0.05), child birth length (p = 0.005) and child weight z-score at 3 years (p < 0.001). No association was observed between maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations in pregnancy (of which 77% were in normal range) and child bone length. CONCLUSION In healthy Canadian mothers and their children, the factors associated with child bone length achieved at 3 years of age appear to be related to genetic traits rather than environmental exposures. Measures of the length of long bones in children using DXA scans may have provided a more accurate assessment of bone length than whole body height measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Beardsall
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Maude Perreault
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Troy Farncombe
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Thuvaraha Vanniyasingam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Koon K Teo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephanie A Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Juonala M, Pitkänen N, Tolonen S, Laaksonen M, Sievänen H, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Sabin MA, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Taittonen L, Jula A, Loo BM, Impivaara O, Kähönen M, Magnussen CG, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Childhood Exposure to Passive Smoking and Bone Health in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2403-2411. [PMID: 30715377 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Passive smoke exposure has been linked to the risk of osteoporosis in adults. OBJECTIVE We examined the independent effects of childhood passive smoke exposure on adult bone health. DESIGN/SETTING Longitudinal, the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. PARTICIPANTS The study cohort included 1422 individuals followed for 28 years since baseline in 1980 (age 3 to 18 years). Exposure to passive smoking was determined in childhood. In adulthood, peripheral bone traits were assessed with peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) at the tibia and radius, and calcaneal mineral density was estimated with quantitative ultrasound. Fracture data were gathered by questionnaires. RESULTS Parental smoking in childhood was associated with lower pQCT-derived bone sum index in adulthood (β± SE, -0.064 ± 0.023 per smoking parent; P = 0.004) in multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, active smoking, body mass index, serum 25-OH vitamin D concentration, physical activity, and parental socioeconomic position. Similarly, parental smoking was associated with lower heel ultrasound estimated bone mineral density in adulthood (β± SE, -0.097 ± 0.041 per smoking parent; P = 0.02). Parental smoking was also associated with the incidence of low-energy fractures (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.62). Individuals with elevated cotinine levels (3 to 20 ng/mL) in childhood had lower bone sum index with pQCT (β± SE, -0.206 ± 0.057; P = 0.0003). Children whose parents smoked and had high cotinine levels (3 to 20 ng/mL) had significantly lower pQCT-derived bone sum index compared with those with smoking parents but had low cotinine levels (<3 ng/mL) (β± SE, -0.192 ± 0.072; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children of parents who smoke have evidence of impaired bone health in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Tolonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Laaksonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center- Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Impivaara
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Dyck D, D'Haese S, Plaete J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Cardon G. Opinions towards physical activity interventions using Facebook or text messaging: Focus group interviews with vocational school-aged adolescents. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:654-664. [PMID: 30398291 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Feasible and effective interventions to promote physical activity among vocational school-aged adolescents are strongly needed. Text messaging and Facebook are feasible and acceptable delivery modes for PA interventions among youth. However, little is known about the opinion of vocational school-aged adolescents regarding behavioural change techniques that can be applied through Facebook or text messaging. Therefore, our aim was to gain insight into the opinions of vocational school-aged adolescents towards the use of different behaviour change techniques and towards Facebook/text messaging as a delivery mode for PA interventions. Six focus groups were conducted with 41 adolescents from the first grade (12-14 years) of secondary vocational schools in Flanders (Belgium). In total 41 adolescents participated and completed a questionnaire about their text messaging and Facebook use prior to group discussions. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and analysed using a thematic analysis method in Nvivo. Participants thought that different behaviour change techniques (e.g., providing feedback, goal setting, self-monitoring, social comparison) could be integrated in a PA intervention using text messaging and Facebook and were enthusiastic about participating in such an intervention. They indicated that text messages are an easy way to receive information about PA, and that a group page on Facebook is ideal to share information with others. Participants deemed it very important that the group page on Facebook would only include peers with whom they also share an offline connection. Furthermore, adolescents stressed the importance of having autonomy (e.g., to determine their personal activity goals, to self-monitor their behaviour) and of being active together with friends. This qualitative study revealed that the use of Facebook and text messaging is promising as a delivery method for PA interventions among vocational school-aged adolescents. The adolescents were keen to participate in an intervention that integrates behaviour change techniques using text messaging or Facebook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Van Dyck
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara D'Haese
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
- Flemish Institute Healthy Living, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dong H, Liu J, Yan Y, Hou D, Zhao X, Cheng H, Li S, Chen W, Mi J. Long-term childhood body mass index and adult bone mass are linked through concurrent body mass index and body composition. Bone 2019; 121:259-266. [PMID: 30710728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Body mass plays a crucial role in the bone growth and development, but few studies have examined the association of long-term cumulative impact and trajectory patterns of childhood body mass index (BMI) with adult bone mass, and the mediation effect of adult BMI and body composition on these associations. A total of 397 Chinese adults (54.4%) who had been examined for BMI 4-8 times during childhood (6-19 years) and bone mass in adulthood (29-37 years), were included for analysis. Adult bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition were assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Childhood BMI growth curves were constructed using a random-effects mixed model. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to represent the long-term impact of childhood BMI. At baseline, 24.4%, 66.2%, 7.6% and 1.8% of the participants were underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese, respectively. Quadratic curve parameters of childhood BMI differed significantly between groups of adult whole body (WB) BMC, lumbar spine (LS) aBMD and femoral neck (FN) aBMD, with low BMC/aBMD groups having lower childhood BMI than the normal groups. AUC of childhood BMI was significantly and positively related to adult WB BMC and aBMD at each site, irrespective of sex. Significant mediation effects of adult BMI were shown on the association of childhood BMI AUC with adult WB BMC in males (52.0%) and FN aBMD in both sexes (males: 65.4%; females: 64.3%). Additionally, mediation effect of fat mass index was only noted on the association of childhood BMI AUC with adult WB BMC (41.3%), with a positive total indirect effect estimated at 0.118. The adult lean mass index, by contrast, mediated the childhood BMI-adult BMC/aBMD association positively at all sites in males (71.5%~89.2%) and at WB BMC in females (45.0%). These findings suggest that the impact of body weight on adult bones originates from childhood, which is mediated by concurrent BMI and body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Dong
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dongqing Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jie Mi
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guedes PMSG, Zamarioli A, Botega II, Silva RABD, Issa JPM, Butezloff MM, Sousa YTCS, Ximenez JPB, Volpon JB. Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900301. [PMID: 30892388 PMCID: PMC6585893 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190030000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and
long bone tissue in growing rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con)
and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of
the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake).
The animals were subdivided into two subgroups with follow-ups up to 56 or
70 days. After euthanasia, the growth plate of tibias was analyzed by
histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical test. The
trabecular and compact bones were evaluated by histomorphometry, dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Real-time PCR was
used to analyze gene expression. Results Although dietary restriction did not alter gene expression, several
phenotypic changes were seen in the growth plate; i.e., decrease in volume,
reduction in total area and height, decrease in the area ossified zones,
mechanical weakening, reduction in mass of trabecular and cortical bone,
lower bone density, deterioration of the trabecular and cortical
microarchitecture, and trabeculae with lower collagen deposition. Conclusion Dietary restriction had severe detrimental effects on the growth plate and
trabecular and cortical bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Madalena San Gregório Guedes
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, technical procedures, acquisition and analysis of data, manuscript preparation
| | - Ariane Zamarioli
- Researcher, Laboratory of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Interpretation and analysis of data, critical revision
| | - Iara Inácio Botega
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Children's Clinic, School of Dentistry, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Analysis of data, critical revision
| | - Mariana Maloste Butezloff
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | | | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Statistical analysis
| | - José Batista Volpon
- Full Professor, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision; final approval the manuscript
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Botega II, Zamarioli A, Guedes PMSG, Silva RABD, Issa JPM, Butezloff MM, Sousa YTCS, Ximenez JPB, Volpon JB. Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e20190010000002. [PMID: 30785503 PMCID: PMC6585920 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190010000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats. METHODS Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group. Subsequently, the animals underwent bone fracture at the diaphysis of the right femur, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized, and the fractured femurs were dissected, the callus was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, mechanical tests, and gene expression. RESULTS Dietary restriction decreased body mass gain and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation, lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition, reductions in bone callus density and size, decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in microstructure, and reduction in bone callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes. CONCLUSION Dietary restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a healing delay and a lower quality of bone callus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iara Inácio Botega
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, technical procedures, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript preparation
| | - Ariane Zamarioli
- Researcher, Laboratory of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation, critical revision
| | - Patrícia Madalena San Gregório Guedes
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Children's Clinic, School of Dentistry, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, critical revision
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, critical revision
| | - Mariana Maloste Butezloff
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Applied to the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures
| | | | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Statistical analysis, technical procedures, critical revision
| | - José Batista Volpon
- Full Professor, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, School of Medicine, USP, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; manuscript preparation, critical revision, final approval
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McVeigh JA, Howie EK, Zhu K, Walsh JP, Straker L. Organized Sport Participation From Childhood to Adolescence Is Associated With Bone Mass in Young Adults From the Raine Study. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:67-74. [PMID: 30328145 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for longitudinal cohort studies to consider the association of the cumulative exposure of physical activity during childhood and adolescence and bone mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organized sports trajectories (that capture distinct and potentially meaningful patterns over critical developmental periods) and bone mass at age 20 years. Participation in organized sport was recorded by parental report at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years in 984 offspring (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (Raine Study). Latent class analysis identified three trajectory classes in each sex. In females, these were "consistent sport participators" (48%), "dropouts" (34%), and "non-participators" (18%); in males, "consistent sport participators" (55%), "dropouts" (37%), and "sport joiners" (8%). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) at age 20 years was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At age 20 years, after adjustment for covariates measured at age 20 years, including height, lean mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alcohol, and smoking, males who were "consistent sport participators" had significantly greater whole-body and leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p < 0.001), whereas males who joined sports had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p = 0.002). Females in the "consistent sport participator" trajectory had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out (all p = 0.004). Participation in organized sport during childhood and adolescence is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass in young adulthood is protective against osteoporosis in later life, this may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersand, South Africa
| | - Erin K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association betweenGREM2 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228:238-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Casey-Trott TM, Korver DR, Guerin MT, Sandilands V, Torrey S, Widowski TM. Opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing, Part II: Long-term effects on bone characteristics of adult laying hens at the end-of-lay. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2518-2527. [PMID: 28431174 PMCID: PMC5850794 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis in laying hens has been a production and welfare concern for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether differing opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing influences long-term bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. A secondary objective was to assess whether differing opportunities for exercise in adult housing systems alters bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. Four flock replicates of 588 Lohmann Selected Leghorn-Lite pullets were reared in either conventional cages (Conv) or an aviary rearing system (Avi) and placed into conventional cages (CC), 30-bird furnished cages (FC-S), or 60-bird furnished cages (FC-L) for adult housing. Wing and leg bones were collected at the end-of-lay to quantify bone composition and strength using quantitative computed tomography and bone breaking strength (BBS). At the end-of-lay, Avi hens had greater total and cortical cross-sectional area (P < 0.05) for the radius and tibia, greater total bone mineral content of the radius (P < 0.001), and greater tibial cortical bone mineral content (P = 0.029) than the Conv hens; however, total bone mineral density of the radius (P < 0.001) and cortical bone mineral density of the radius and tibia (P < 0.001) were greater in the Conv hens. Hens in the FC-L had greater total bone mineral density for the radius and tibia (P < 0.05) and greater trabecular bone mineral density for the radius (P = 0.027), compared to hens in the FC-S and CC. Total bone mineral content of the tibia (P = 0.030) and cortical bone mineral content of the radius (P = 0.030) and tibia (P = 0.013) were greater in the FC-L compared to the CC. The humerus of Conv hens had greater BBS than the Avi hens (P < 0.001), and the tibiae of FC-L and FC-S hens had greater BBS than CC hens (P = 0.006). Increased opportunities for exercise offered by the aviary rearing system provided improved bone quality characteristics lasting through to the end-of-lay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Casey-Trott
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.,Campbell Center for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1
| | - D R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5
| | - M T Guerin
- Campbell Center for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1
| | - V Sandilands
- Monogastric Science Research Center, SRUC Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW
| | - S Torrey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.,Campbell Center for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1
| | - T M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.,Campbell Center for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng J, Feng Q, Zheng S, Xiao X. Maternal nutrition and the developmental origins of osteoporosis in offspring: Potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:836-842. [PMID: 29792069 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218779024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most frequent metabolic disorder of bone, is a complex disease with a multifactorial origin that is influenced by genes and environments. However, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has not been fully elucidated. The theory of "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" indicates that early life environment exposure determines the risks of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. However, investigations into the effects of maternal nutrition and nutrition exposure during early life on the development of osteoporosis are limited. Recently, emerging evidence has strongly suggested that maternal nutrition has long-term influences on bone metabolism in offspring, and epigenetic modifications maybe the underlying mechanisms of this process. This review aimed to address maternal nutrition and its implications for the developmental origins of osteoporosis in offspring. It is novel in providing a theoretical basis for the early prevention of osteoporosis. Impact statement Our review aimed to address maternal nutrition and its implications for the developmental origins of osteoporosis in offspring, that can novelly provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qianyun Feng
- 2 Department of Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,3 Department of Pediatrics, The Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- 2 Department of Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,4 Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Spine, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Curtis EM, Suderman M, Phillips CM, Relton C, Harvey NC. Early-life dietary and epigenetic influences on childhood musculoskeletal health: Update on the UK component of the ALPHABET project. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - M. Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - C. M. Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - C. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - N. C. Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Al-Raddadi R, Bahijri S, Borai A, AlRaddadi Z. Prevalence of lifestyle practices that might affect bone health in relation to vitamin D status among female Saudi adolescents. Nutrition 2018; 45:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Oura P, Paananen M, Ojaniemi M, Auvinen J, Junno JA, Karppinen J, Niinimäki J. Effect of early life physical growth on midlife vertebral dimensions - The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Bone 2017; 101:172-178. [PMID: 28479496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small vertebral size is an independent risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Physical growth in early life is related to bone health in later life, but the relationship of early growth versus vertebral size has been inconclusively studied. Utilizing the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with a 47-year follow-up, we investigated how physical growth in early life is associated with midlife vertebral dimensions. We obtained several physical growth parameters of 1) birth (gestational age, length, weight, BMI), 2) infancy and childhood (peak height velocity (PHV), peak weight velocity (PWV), adiposity peak (AP), adiposity rebound (AR)), and 3) puberty (BMI at growth spurt take-off (TO), PHV, height change). We also studied 4) the ages at which AP, AR, pubertal TO and pubertal PHV occurred. The outcome variable, vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA), was obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans at the mean age of 46.7years (n=517). Sex-stratified linear regression analyses were used with adjustments for gestational age, smoking, and education. Birth length/weight/BMI, and adult height/weight/BMI were also used as covariates, depending on the model. According to our results, birth weight (p≤0.006) and infant PWV (p≤0.001) were positively associated with midlife vertebral CSA among both sexes. Length/height variables were associated with vertebral size only before including adult height in the models, and became non-significant thereafter. Among women, BMIs at birth, AP, AR, and pubertal TO were positively associated with midlife vertebral CSA (p<0.05), whereas among men, only high BMI at AR was associated with large vertebral size (p=0.028). Gestational age and timing of growth were not associated with future vertebral CSA. We conclude that early life weight gain is positively associated with midlife vertebral CSA, and suggest that adult height may mediate the effect of height gain on vertebral size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Markus Paananen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kastelli Research Center, Aapistie 1, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carvalho ICS, Martinelli CDSM, Milhan NVM, Marchini AMPDS, Dutra TP, de Souza DM, da Rocha RF. Prenatal alcohol exposure reduces mandibular calcium and phosphorus concentrations in newborn rats. J Oral Sci 2017; 58:439-44. [PMID: 27665985 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure affects fetal bone development, including bone quality. This study evaluated the chemical composition of mandibles from newborn rats after maternal 20% alcohol consumption before and throughout gestation. Nine rats were initially distributed into three groups: an Alcohol group, Pair-fed group, and Control group. The groups were fed prespecified diets for 8 weeks before and the 3 weeks during pregnancy. At age 5 days, eight newborns from each group were euthanized (total, n = 24). Using energy dispersive spectrometry, we evaluated samples of mandibles from newborns to identify changes in bone mineralization, specifically Ca and P concentrations. Ca and P concentrations were lower in the Alcohol group than in the Control and Pair-fed groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). In summary, alcohol exposure before and throughout gestation reduces mandibular Ca and P concentrations in newborn rats. (J Oral Sci 58, 439-444, 2016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C S Carvalho
- Research and Development Institute, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Paraiba Valley
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Romano T, Wark JD, Wlodek ME. Developmental programming of bone deficits in growth-restricted offspring. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:823-33. [PMID: 24613152 DOI: 10.1071/rd13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence links low birthweight and poor adult bone health. We characterised bone size, mineral content, density and strength (stress strain index of bone bending strength (SSI)) in rats from weaning to 12 months. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham surgery (Control) was performed on gestational Day 18 in rats inducing uteroplacental insufficiency. Postmortem of male and female offspring was performed at postnatal Day 35 and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Femur mineral content, density and strength were measured using quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Restricted pups were born 10%-15% lighter and remained smaller with shorter femurs than Controls (P<0.05). Male and female Restricted rats had lower trabecular bone content compared with Controls (P<0.05), without trabecular density changes. Cortical content was reduced in Restricted males (Day 35 and 6 and 12 months) and at all ages in Restricted females (P<0.05). Cortical density was lower at Day 35 in Restricted males (P<0.05). SSI was lower at Day 35 and at 6 and 12 months in Restricted males, and at all ages in Restricted females (P<0.05). Skeletal deficits were detected in Restricted offspring with gender-specific differences during juvenile and adolescent periods. Bone deficits observed at 6 months in males were greater than at 12 months, indicating that aging can exacerbate programmed bone phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Romano
- Department of Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Airflow Limitation in a Cohort of Fit Elderly Women. Lung 2016; 194:897-904. [PMID: 27699476 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As studies examining the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and airflow limitation (AL) have produced conflicting results, the current one set out to analyze if and to what degree there are any correlations between these variables in a population of fit elderly women. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one non-smoking, fit and healthy women (age ≥ 65 years) underwent anthropometric assessment, laboratory testing (serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathormone, and cytokine levels), pulmonary function testing (PFT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate BMD values of the lumbar and femoral regions. RESULTS A significant positive association was found between FEV1/FVC ratio (Tiffeneau index), a sensitive index of AL, and lumbar and femoral BMD; a 10 % increase in the FEV1/FVC ratio resulted in a significant increase of 0.025 g/cm2 in the total hip (p = 0.05), 0.027 g/cm2 in the femoral neck (p = 0.02), 0.028 g/cm2 in the femoral trochanter (p = 0.01), and 0.047 g/cm2 in the lumbar (p = 0.03) BMDs. Binary logistic analyses demonstrated more than a threefold higher risk of low BMD values for the lowest FEV1/FVC quartile in the lumbar (OR 4.62, 95 % CI 1.48-14.40, p = 0.008), total hip (OR 4.09, 95 % CI 1.28-13.05, p = 0.02 for the second quartile), and femoral trochanter regions (OR 3.90, 95 % CI 1.25-12.20, p = 0.02 for the third quartile). CONCLUSIONS AL was associated with a higher risk of reduced BMD in healthy, fit elderly women.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gallo S, Hazell T, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Jones G, L'Abbé M, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants from Montréal, Canada: 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone health effects from a follow-up study at 3 years of age. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2459-66. [PMID: 26968165 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Whether infant vitamin D supplementation may have long-term bone benefits is unclear. In this study, breastfed infants who received vitamin dosages greater than 400 IU/day did not have higher bone mineralization at 3 years. This study provides important data to inform pediatric public health recommendations for vitamin D. INTRODUCTION North American health agencies recommend breastfed infants should be supplemented with 400 IU of vitamin D/day to support bone health. Few studies examined the long-term benefits of early life vitamin D supplementation on bone mineralization. The objective of this study was to determine if a dose-response relationship exists between infant vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D status, and bone outcomes at 3 years of age. METHODS This was a double-blind randomized trial of 132, 1-month-old healthy, breastfed infants from Montréal, Canada, between 2007 and 2010. In this longitudinal analysis, 87 infants (66 %) returned for follow-up at 3 years of age, between 2010 and 2013. At 1 month of age, participants were randomly assigned to receive oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplements of 400, 800, 1200, or 1600 IU/day until 12 months of age. Lumbar spine vertebrae 1-4 (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), LS and whole body bone mineral content (BMC), and mineral accretion were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 3 years. RESULTS At follow-up, the treatment groups were similar in terms of diet, sun exposure, and demographics. There were no significant differences among the groups in LS or whole body BMC, BMD, or accretion. Although, 25(OH)D concentrations were not different among the groups, higher doses (1200 and 1600 IU/day) achieved higher 25(OH)D area under the curve from 1 to 36 months vs. 400 IU/day. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal follow-up of an infant vitamin D dose-response study which examines bone mineralization at 3 years of age. Dosages higher than 400 IU/day do not appear to provide additional benefits to the bone at follow-up. Larger studies with more ethnically diverse groups are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gallo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - T Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - G Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences in the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Rodd
- Winnipeg Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zouch M, Chaari H, Zribi A, Bouajina E, Vico L, Alexandre C, Zaouali M, Ben Nasr H, Masmoudi L, Tabka Z. Volleyball and Basketball Enhanced Bone Mass in Prepubescent Boys. J Clin Densitom 2016; 19:396-403. [PMID: 26235943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of volleyball and basketball practice on bone acquisition and to determine which of these 2 high-impact sports is more osteogenic in prepubertal period. We investigated 170 boys (aged 10-12 yr, Tanner stage I): 50 volleyball players (VB), 50 basketball players (BB), and 70 controls. Bone mineral content (BMC, g) and bone area (BA, cm(2)) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at different sites. We found that, both VB and BB have a higher BMC at whole body and most weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing sites than controls, except the BMC in head which was lower in VB and BB than controls. Moreover, only VB exhibited greater BMC in right and left ultra-distal radius than controls. No significant differences were observed between the 3 groups in lumbar spine, femoral neck, and left third D radius BMC. Athletes also exhibited a higher BA in whole body, limbs, lumbar spine, and femoral region than controls. In addition, they have a similar BA in head and left third D radius with controls. The VB exhibited a greater BA in most radius region than controls and a greater femoral neck BA than BB. A significant positive correlation was reported between total lean mass and both BMC and BA in whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, and right whole radius among VB and BB. In summary, we suggest that volleyball and basketball have an osteogenic effect BMC and BA in loaded sites in prepubescent boys. The increased bone mass induced by both volleyball and basketball training in the stressed sites was associated to a decreased skull BMC. Moreover, volleyball practice produces a more sensitive mechanical stress in loaded bones than basketball. This effect seems translated by femoral neck expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zouch
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Hamada Chaari
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Anis Zribi
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Elyès Bouajina
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR 1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Department of Rheumatology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Monia Zaouali
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hela Ben Nasr
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Research Unit (EM2S), Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kwon DH, Krieser D, Harris C, Khot A, Ebeling PR, Rodda CP. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in 2-17 year olds presenting with acute fractures in southern Australia. Bone Rep 2016; 5:153-157. [PMID: 28326355 PMCID: PMC4926840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine vitamin D deficiency risk and other lifestyle factors in children aged 2-17 years presenting with an acute fracture to Sunshine Hospital. METHODS A prospective observational study was undertaken using a convenience sample data collected from children aged 2-17 years of age presenting with an acute fracture. Recruitment was undertaken over a 3-month period from February to May 2014. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (skin pigmentation, hours spent outdoors, sunscreen use and obesity) were identified. Patients providing consent, had measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as < 50 nmol/L. RESULTS Of the 163 patients recruited into this study, 134 (82%) had one or more risk factor(s) for vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 109 (81%) consented to 25-OHD testing, with a median of 53 nmol/l (range 14-110 nmol/l) obtained. A total of 57 (52% at risk, 35% of total participants) were found to be vitamin D deficient. 45 (80%) had mild deficiency (30-50 nmol/l) and 11 (20%) had moderate deficiency (12.5-29 nmol/l). CONCLUSIONS One third of all participants, and the majority participants who had one or more risk factor(s) for vitamin D deficiency, were vitamin D deficient. Based on our findings we recommend that vitamin D status be assessed in all children with risk factor of vitamin D deficiency living in urban environments at higher latitudes presenting with fractures. The effect of vitamin D status on fracture risk and fracture healing in children and teenagers is yet to be determined, as do the effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient paediatric patients presenting with acute fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Krieser
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Western Health Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Chris Harris
- Orthopaedics Department, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Abhay Khot
- Orthopaedics Department, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Christine P Rodda
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia; Paediatric Department, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vijayakumar R, Büsselberg D. Osteoporosis: An under-recognized public health problem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5339/jlghs.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide, which occurs when bone tissues become structurally deteriorated and bone mass becomes fragile, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. This review aims to describe the underlying risk factors and provide guidance on changes in lifestyle for those at risk of developing osteoporosis. It highlights risk factors such as age, sex, genetic background, and other under lying illnesses (factors that are generally “non-modifiable”). Furthermore, it focuses on factors that are dependent on lifestyle and (local) habits (factors that are “modifiable”), such as diet, sunlight exposure, exercise, and medication. Clearly, osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease and multiple of these risk factors can occur simultaneously. Currently, the data available differ greatly between regions and some areas might be affected more seriously than others. This review suggests that this might be due to differing healthcare training systems and suboptimal awareness of osteoporosis. Importantly, osteoporosis and resulting bone fractures represent a significant economic burden for both individuals and the wider society. Therefore, improved awareness of the disease may influence personal habits, reduce suffering, and alleviate the burden on healthcare expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Vijayakumar
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vogel C, Parsons C, Godfrey K, Robinson S, Harvey NC, Inskip H, Cooper C, Baird J. Greater access to fast-food outlets is associated with poorer bone health in young children. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1011-1019. [PMID: 26458387 PMCID: PMC4841385 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY A healthy diet positively influences childhood bone health, but how the food environment relates to bone development is unknown. Greater neighbourhood access to fast-food outlets was associated with lower bone mass among infants, while greater access to healthy speciality stores was associated with higher bone mass at 4 years. INTRODUCTION Identifying factors that contribute to optimal childhood bone development could help pinpoint strategies to improve long-term bone health. A healthy diet positively influences bone health from before birth and during childhood. This study addressed a gap in the literature by examining the relationship between residential neighbourhood food environment and bone mass in infants and children. METHODS One thousand one hundred and seven children participating in the Southampton Women's Survey, UK, underwent measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at birth and 4 and/or 6 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Cross-sectional observational data describing food outlets within the boundary of each participant's neighbourhood were used to derive three measures of the food environment: the counts of fast-food outlets, healthy speciality stores and supermarkets. RESULTS Neighbourhood exposure to fast-food outlets was associated with lower BMD in infancy (β = -0.23 (z-score): 95% CI -0.38, -0.08) and lower BMC after adjustment for bone area and confounding variables (β = -0.17 (z-score): 95% CI -0.32, -0.02). Increasing neighbourhood exposure to healthy speciality stores was associated with higher BMD at 4 and 6 years (β = 0.16(z-score): 95% CI 0.00, 0.32 and β = 0.13(z-score): 95% CI -0.01, 0.26 respectively). The relationship with BMC after adjustment for bone area and confounding variables was statistically significant at 4 years, but not at 6 years. CONCLUSIONS The neighbourhood food environment that pregnant mothers and young children are exposed may affect bone development during early childhood. If confirmed in future studies, action to reduce access to fast-food outlets could have benefits for childhood development and long-term bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Vogel
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - C Parsons
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - K Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S Robinson
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - N C Harvey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - H Inskip
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - J Baird
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hanson MA, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A, Eendebak RJ, Clough GF, Beard JR. Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:2147-60. [PMID: 26518329 DOI: 10.1113/jp270579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the mechanistic basis and wider implications of adopting a developmental perspective on human ageing. Previous models of ageing have concentrated on its genetic basis, or the detrimental effects of accumulated damage, but also have raised issues about whether ageing can be viewed as adaptive itself, or is a consequence of other adaptive processes, for example if maintenance and repair processes in the period up to reproduction are traded off against later decline in function. A life course model places ageing in the context of the attainment of peak capacity for a body system, starting in early development when plasticity permits changes in structure and function induced by a range of environmental stimuli, followed by a period of decline, the rate of which depends on the peak attained as well as the later life conditions. Such path dependency in the rate of ageing may offer new insights into its modification. Focusing on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function, we discuss this model and the possible underlying mechanisms, including endothelial function, oxidative stress, stem cells and nutritional factors such as vitamin D status. Epigenetic changes induced during developmental plasticity, and immune function may provide a common mechanistic process underlying a life course model of ageing. The life course trajectory differs in high and low resource settings. New insights into the developmental components of the life course model of ageing may lead to the design of biomarkers of later chronic disease risk and to new interventions to promote healthy ageing, with important implications for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - A Aihie Sayer
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - R J Eendebak
- Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Old St Mary's Building, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J R Beard
- Department of Ageing and Lifecourse, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Muniz LC, Menezes AMB, Buffarini R, Wehrmeister FC, Assunção MCF. Effect of breastfeeding on bone mass from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Int Breastfeed J 2015; 10:31. [PMID: 26594232 PMCID: PMC4654838 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-015-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results exist about the short-and long-term effects of breastfeeding on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between method of infant feeding and bone mass in children, adolescents and adults. METHODS The literature review was concluded in September 2014 in MEDLINE, Web of Science and LILACS databases and articles published between 1998 and 2013 were included. Studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument to assess the bone mineral content and/or bone mineral density (BMD) of total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, or at least one of these sites were included in the review. RESULTS From the 648 references identified, eleven were selected, ten of which had a longitudinal design. All studies were conducted in high-income countries, six evaluated the outcome in children, four in adolescents and one in young adults (<35 years). Of the studies that assessed the outcome in childhood, two found a positive association and the others showed a negative effect of being breastfed on bone mass. In adolescence, three studies showed a positive association between being breastfed and bone outcomes. Among adults, a negative effect of being breastfed exclusively for a longer period of time on bone mass was observed only in men. In women, there was no effect of being breastfed on bone mass. CONCLUSIONS There is no consensus on the effects of method of infant feeding on an individual's bone mass at different ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Correa Muniz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Romina Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu Z, Kennedy OD, Cardoso L, Basta-Pljakic J, Partridge NC, Schaffler MB, Rosen CJ, Yakar S. DMP-1-mediated Ghr gene recombination compromises skeletal development and impairs skeletal response to intermittent PTH. FASEB J 2015; 30:635-52. [PMID: 26481310 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone minerals are acquired during growth and are key determinants of adult skeletal health. During puberty, the serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and its downstream effector IGF-1 increase and play critical roles in bone acquisition. The goal of the current study was to determine how bone cells integrate signals from the GH/IGF-1 to enhance skeletal mineralization and strength during pubertal growth. Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, were shown to orchestrate bone modeling during growth. We used dentin matrix protein (Dmp)-1-mediated Ghr knockout (DMP-GHRKO) mice to address the role of the GH/IGF axis in osteocytes. We found that DMP-GHRKO did not affect linear growth but compromised overall bone accrual. DMP-GHRKO mice exhibited reduced serum inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and decreased bone formation indices and were associated with an impaired response to intermittent PTH treatment. Using an osteocyte-like cell line along with in vivo studies, we found that PTH sensitized the response of bone to GH by increasing Janus kinase-2 and IGF-1R protein levels. We concluded that endogenously secreted PTH and GHR signaling in bone are necessary to establish radial bone growth and optimize mineral acquisition during growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Oran D Kennedy
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Jelena Basta-Pljakic
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- *Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
D'Haese S, Van Dyck D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Cardon G. The association between the parental perception of the physical neighborhood environment and children's location-specific physical activity. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:565. [PMID: 26088831 PMCID: PMC4474575 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between children’s physical neighborhood environment and their physical activity, has been largely investigated. However in recent reviews, only a few significant and consistent direct associations between children’s physical neighborhood environment and their physical activity were found. This is possibly due to the fact that the location where children’s physical activity took place, is insufficiently specified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between parental perceived neighborhood characteristics and children’s physical activity in clearly defined environments. Methods Children (9–12 years; n = 606) wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days. Parents completed the parental version of the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale questionnaire and reported on children’s physical activity in specific locations: physical activity in nearby streets and on sidewalks, physical activity in public recreation spaces and physical activity in the garden. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted in MLwiN 2.30. Results Children were more likely to be active in nearby streets and on sidewalks, if their parents perceived lower street connectivity (OR = 0.479; 95 % CI = 0.33 and 0.70), higher land use mix accessibility (OR = 1.704; 95 % CI = 1.25 and 2.33) and more crime safety (OR = 1.879; 95 % CI = 1.29 and 2.74). Children whose parents perceived higher presence of recreation facilities (OR = 1.618; CI = 1.23; 2.12) were more likely to be active in public recreation spaces. No environmental neighborhood variables were related to physical activity in the garden and overall moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Conclusions The parental perceived physical neighborhood environment relates differently to physical activity in different locations. In order to develop effective interventions, it seems promising to further investigate the association between location-specific physical activity and specific neighborhood environmental correlates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1937-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Haese
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Human Biometrics and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Greet Cardon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anevska K, Gallo LA, Tran M, Jefferies AJ, Wark JD, Wlodek ME, Romano T. Pregnant growth restricted female rats have bone gains during late gestation which contributes to second generation adolescent and adult offspring having normal bone health. Bone 2015; 74:199-207. [PMID: 25659207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight, due to uteroplacental insufficiency, results in programmed bone deficits in the first generation (F1). These deficits may be passed onto subsequent generations. We characterized the effects of being born small on maternal bone health during pregnancy; and aimed to characterize the contribution of the maternal environment and germ line effects to bone health in F2 offspring from mothers born small. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation (or sham) surgery was performed on female F0 WKY rats on gestational day 18 (term 22days) to induce uteroplacental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Control and Restricted F1 female offspring were allocated to a non-pregnant or pregnant group. To generate F2 offspring, F1 females were allocated to either non-embryo or embryo transfer groups. Embryo transfer was performed on gestational day 1, where second generation (F2) embryos were gestated (donor-in-recipient) in either a Control (Control-in-Control, Restricted-in-Control) or Restricted (Control-in-Restricted, Restricted-in-Restricted) mother. Restricted F1 females were born 10-15% lighter than Controls. Restricted non-pregnant females had shorter femurs, reduced trabecular and cortical bone mineral contents, trabecular density and bone geometry measures determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) compared to non-pregnant Controls. Pregnancy restored the bone deficits that were present in F1 Restricted females. F2 non-embryo transfer male and female offspring were born of normal weight, while F2 embryo transfer males and females gestated in a Control mother (Control-in-Control, Restricted-in-Control) were heavier at birth compared to offspring gestated in a Restricted mother (Restricted-in-Restricted, Control-in-Restricted). Male F2 Restricted embryo groups (Restricted-in-Control and Restricted-in-Restricted) had accelerated postnatal growth. There was no transmission of bone deficits present at 35days or 6months in F2 offspring. Embryo transfer procedure had confounding effects preventing the separation of maternal environment and germ line contribution to outcomes. Deficits present in F1 non-pregnant Restricted females were absent during late gestation, indicating that pregnant F1 Restricted females experienced gains in bone. These beneficial maternal pregnancy adaptations may have prevented transmission of bone deficits to F2 offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Anevska
- Department of Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Linda A Gallo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Jefferies
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia; Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muniz LC, Menezes AMB, Assunção MCF, Wehrmeister FC, Martínez-Mesa J, Gonçalves H, Domingues MR, Gigante DP, Horta BL, Barros FC. Breastfeeding and bone mass at the ages of 18 and 30: prospective analysis of live births from the Pelotas (Brazil) 1982 and 1993 cohorts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122759. [PMID: 25880483 PMCID: PMC4400134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of total breastfeeding, breastfeeding duration and type of breastfeeding at 3 months of age on bone mass at 18 and 30 years. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with two birth cohorts (1982 and 1993) in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) at 18 and 30 years of age were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Information on breastfeeding was collected during the first 4 years of life. Analyses were performed by linear regression and stratified by sex. RESULTS A total of 1109 and 3226 participants provided complete information on breastfeeding in early life and bone mass at 18 and 30 years, respectively. No association between breastfeeding and bone mass was observed in women at both ages nor among men at age 30. Among men at the age of 18, BMC and BMD were higher among those breastfed regardless of duration (p=0.032 and p=0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite a very weak positive effect of breastfeeding (yes/no) on BMC and BMD at age 18 in men, most findings pointed to a lack of association between breastfeeding and bone mass until young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Correa Muniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Jeovany Martínez-Mesa
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kueper J, Beyth S, Liebergall M, Kaplan L, Schroeder JE. Evidence for the adverse effect of starvation on bone quality: a review of the literature. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:628740. [PMID: 25810719 PMCID: PMC4355339 DOI: 10.1155/2015/628740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and starvation's possible adverse impacts on bone health and bone quality first came into the spotlight after the horrors of the Holocaust and the ghettos of World War II. Famine and food restrictions led to a mean caloric intake of 200-800 calories a day in the ghettos and concentration camps, resulting in catabolysis and starvation of the inhabitants and prisoners. Severely increased risks of fracture, poor bone mineral density, and decreased cortical strength were noted in several case series and descriptive reports addressing the medical issues of these individuals. A severe effect of severely diminished food intake and frequently concomitant calcium- and Vitamin D deficiencies was subsequently proven in both animal models and the most common cause of starvation in developed countries is anorexia nervosa. This review attempts to summarize the literature available on the impact of the metabolic response to Starvation on overall bone health and bone quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kueper
- Charité University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaul Beyth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leon Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Josh E. Schroeder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heppe DH, Medina-Gomez C, de Jongste JC, Raat H, Steegers EA, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VW. Fetal and childhood growth patterns associated with bone mass in school-age children: the Generation R Study. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2584-93. [PMID: 24935163 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with lower bone accrual in children and peak bone mass in adults. We assessed how different patterns of longitudinal fetal and early childhood growth influence bone properties at school age. In 5431 children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study, we measured fetal growth by ultrasound at 20 and 30 weeks gestation, and childhood growth at birth, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. We analyzed these growth measurements in relation to total body (less head) BMD measured by DXA at age 6. We used conditional growth modeling; a technique which takes into account correlation between repeatedly measured growth measures. Our results showed that estimated fetal weight gain, femur length growth between 20 and 30 weeks of gestation, femur length growth between 30 weeks and birth, as well as all height and weight growth measurements from birth to 4 years of age were all positively associated with BMC, bone area (BA), and BMD (all p < 0.01). Fetal femur length growth between 30 weeks and birth was positively associated with BMC and BA (both p < 0.001), but not with BMD. Overall, childhood growth measurements exerted a larger influence on bone measures than fetal growth measures. The strongest effect estimate was observed during the first year of life. Children born small (<10th percentile) for gestational age (SGA) had lower BMC and BA, but not BMD, than children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), whereas children born large (>90th percentile) for gestational age (LGA) had higher BMC and BA (all p < 0.001). These differences were no longer present in children showing subsequent accelerated and decelerated infant growth, respectively. We conclude that both fetal and childhood growth patterns are associated with bone mineral accrual, showing the strongest effect estimates in infancy. Compensatory infant growth counteracts the adverse consequences of fetal growth restriction on bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hm Heppe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ireland A, Rittweger J, Schönau E, Lamberg-Allardt C, Viljakainen H. Time since onset of walking predicts tibial bone strength in early childhood. Bone 2014; 68:76-84. [PMID: 25132490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone strength in adulthood is known to be affected by health at birth and early childhood. Habitual bone loading is a primary determinant of bone strength in later childhood and adulthood. However, the effects of physical activity in early childhood (e.g. crawling, standing and walking) on bone strength are unknown. Fifty-three children (twenty-seven males) were included in a longitudinal study in their early infancy. Shortly after birth (0.3±0.3months), details of mass and height were obtained along with a pQCT scan at 20% distal-proximal tibia length. At 14.8±0.5months of age the same data were collected, along with details of age at onset of standing, crawling, supported and unsupported walking. Time since onset of walking unsupported was associated with greater bone mass, cortical bone area, pericortical circumference and polar moment of inertia of both total and cortical bone (all P<0.05). There were no significant associations between other physical activity timepoints and bone measures. Age at onset of walking was not significantly related to mass, length or bone measures at birth. The results suggest that time since attainment of independent walking - representing exposure of the tibia to the large reaction and muscular forces associated with locomotion - is a primary determinant of bone strength in early childhood. This finding raises the possible opportunity of physical activity interventions at young age in paediatric populations associated with low childhood bone strength and late walking (e.g. low birth weight, cerebral palsy and Down's Syndrome, etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ireland
- Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre, Germany
| | | | | | - Heli Viljakainen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pragmatic studies. Menopause 2014; 21:1167-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Further evidence of the developmental origins of osteoarthritis: results from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:453-8. [PMID: 25154411 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Investigators have suggested a link between birth weight and both hand and lumbar spine osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we sought to extend these observations by investigating relationships between growth in early life, and clinical and radiological diagnoses of OA at the hand, knee and hip, among participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Data were available for 222 men and 222 women. Clinical OA was defined based on American College of Rheumatology criteria. Radiographs were taken of the knees and hips, and graded for the presence of osteophytes and overall Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score. Lower weight at year one was associated with higher rates of clinical hand OA (OR 1.396, 95% CI 1.05, 1.85, P=0.021). Individuals with lower birth weights were more likely to have hip osteophytes (OR 1.512, 95% CI 1.14, 2.00, P=0.004) and this remained robust after adjustment for confounders. Furthermore, a low weight at one year was also associated with a higher osteophyte number in the lateral compartment of the knee, after adjustment for confounders (OR 1.388, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91, P=0.043). We have found further evidence of a relationship between early life factors and adult OA. These findings accord with previous studies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Maternal predictors of neonatal bone size and geometry: the Southampton Women's Survey. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 1:35-41. [PMID: 23750315 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174409990055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Early growth is associated with later risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between maternal lifestyle and body composition and neonatal bone size, geometry and density in the offspring. Participants were recruited from the Southampton Women's Survey, a unique prospective cohort of 12,500 initially non-pregnant women aged 20-34 years, resident in Southampton, UK. These women were studied in detail before and during pregnancy, and the offspring underwent anthropometric and bone mineral assessment (using dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry) at birth. A total of 841 mother-baby pairs were studied (443 boys and 398 girls). The independent predictors of greater neonatal whole body bone area (BA) and bone mineral content included greater maternal birthweight, height, parity, triceps skinfold thickness and lower walking speed in late pregnancy. Maternal smoking was independently associated with lower neonatal bone mass. Neonatal BA adjusted for birth length (a measure of bone width) was predicted positively by maternal parity and late pregnancy triceps skinfold thickness and negatively by late pregnancy walking speed. These findings were similar in both genders. We have confirmed, in a large cohort, previous findings that maternal lifestyle and body build predict neonatal bone mineral; additionally, maternal parity and fat stores and walking speed in late pregnancy were associated with neonatal bone geometry. These findings may suggest novel public health strategies to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fracture in future generations.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Evidence is now accumulating from human studies that programming of bone growth might be an important contributor to the later risk of osteoporotic fracture. Body weight in infancy is a determinant of adult bone mineral content, as well as of the basal levels of activity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes, and recent work has suggested a central role for vitamin D. Epidemiological studies have shown that maternal smoking and nutrition during pregnancy influence intrauterine skeletal mineralization. Childhood growth rates have been directly linked to the risk of hip fracture many decades later, and now evidence is emerging from experimental animal studies that support these observational data. Recent studies have also highlighted epigenetic phenomena as potential mechanisms underlying the findings from epidemiological studies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bielemann RM, Domingues MR, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood and bone mineral density in young adults from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Prev Med 2014; 62:201-7. [PMID: 24589441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a prospective association between physical activity (PA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults. METHOD Total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured in participants from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 30 y. PA was evaluated at 15, 18 (males) and 23 y. RESULTS 3454 young adults were scanned (DXA) at least at one anatomical site. In males, PA at 15 y was associated with LS density (β=0.061 g/cm(2); 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015; 0.108). A positive dose-response effect was found for the association between PA at 18 y and BMD. Males in the two highest quartiles of PA at 23 y had significantly greater BMD at all anatomical sites than males in the lowest quartile. We observed greater BMD at 30 y in boys who were active at least in one of the assessments (18 or 23 y) compared to inactive boys at both ages. Females in the highest quartile of PA at 23 y showed greater FN density at 30 y (β=0.020; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.039). CONCLUSIONS A physically active pattern is important to BMD across the first three decades of life. Potential beneficial effects of PA were not entirely lost with advancing age in male young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Bielemann
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Marlos R Domingues
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise P Gigante
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|