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Patwa N, Chauhan R, Chauhan A, Kumar M, Ramniwas S, Mathkor DM, Saini AK, Tuli HS, Haque S, Slama P. Garcinol in gastrointestinal cancer prevention: recent advances and future prospects. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:370. [PMID: 39066940 PMCID: PMC11283395 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers continue to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of new cases diagnosed each year. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for many patients remains poor. This article explores the potential of garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone found in various Garcinia species, as a therapeutic agent against gastrointestinal malignancies. The objective is to review recent research on garcinol's anticancer properties, its mechanisms of action, and safety aspects. Garcinol exhibits anticancer effects in esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers by inhibiting metastasis, inducing apoptosis, and targeting key molecular pathways in cancer progression. Nanotechnology is explored as a means to enhance garcinol delivery and efficacy. Safety assessments suggest a promising toxicity profile. Garcinol shows significant potential as a natural therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal cancers, and future research is needed on optimizing its delivery, exploring synergistic combinations, and conducting clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Patwa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, U.P, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, 134007, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), 133207, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), 133207, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 11022801, Lebanon.
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Choi JG, Ha KT, Chung HS. Cosmosiin Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Inducing ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 38136250 PMCID: PMC10740471 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, particularly those concerning immune checkpoint inhibitors, have transformed cancer treatment in recent years. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key target for immunotherapy that is overexpressed in the cells of colorectal cancer, a widespread malignant cancer that poses a significant healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of cosmosiin treatment on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cosmosiin is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside compound that has potential health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study showed that cosmosiin effectively suppresses the expression of PD-L1 and triggers apoptosis, which is facilitated through pathways that are related to reactive oxygen species. These outcomes suggest that cosmosiin could be a promising candidate for an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Lee SJ, Kim JE, Jung JW, Choi YJ, Gong JE, Douangdeuane B, Souliya O, Choi YW, Seo SB, Hwang DY. Novel role of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus as a stimulator of focal cell adhesion through the regulation of MLC2/FAK/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:72-93. [PMID: 35615953 PMCID: PMC9154806 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate a novel function of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus on focal cell adhesion stimulation, alterations to the regulation of focal cell adhesion-related factors were analyzed in NHDF cells and a calvarial defect rat model after treatment with methanol extracts of D. tuberculatus (MED). MED contained gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and naringenin in high concentrations. The proliferation activity, focal cell adhesion ability, adhesion receptors-mediated signaling pathway in NHDF cells were increased by MED. Also, a dense adhered tissue layer and adherent cells on MED-coated titanium plate (MEDTiP) surfaces were detected during regeneration of calvarial bone. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that MED may stimulate focal cell adhesion in NHDF cells and a calvarial defect rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Jung
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bounleuane Douangdeuane
- Department of products development, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Onevilay Souliya
- Department of products development, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Baek Seo
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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Islam MR, Akash S, Rahman MM, Nowrin FT, Akter T, Shohag S, Rauf A, Aljohani AS, Simal-Gandara J. Colon cancer and colorectal cancer: Prevention and treatment by potential natural products. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Desai S, Sharma P, Kashyap P, Choudhary B, Kaur J. Bioactive compounds, bio‐functional properties, and food applications of
Garcinia indica
: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14344. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Desai
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | | | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
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Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Pai JT, Chen XH, Leu YL, Weng MS. Propolin G-Suppressed Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β-Mediated Snail and HDAC6-Regulated Vimentin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031672. [PMID: 35163593 PMCID: PMC8835855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer with a poor prognosis. The incidence and mortality rate of TNBC are frequently found in younger women. Due to the absence of a good therapeutic strategy, effective remedies for inhibiting TNBC have been developed for improving the cure rate. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism to regulate cancer cell motility and invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of EMT molecules correlates with the metastasis and poor prognosis of TNBC. Targeting EMT might be a strategy for the therapy and prevention of TNBC. Propolin G, an active c-prenylflavanone in Taiwanese propolis, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity in many cancers. However, the anti-metastasis activity of propolin G on TNBC is still unclear. The present study showed that the migration and invasion activities of TNBC cells was suppressed by propolin G. Down-regulated expression of Snail and vimentin and up-regulated expression of E-cadherin were dose- and time-dependently observed in propolin G-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Propolin G inhibited Snail and vimentin expressions via the signaling pathways associated with post-translational modification. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) by propolin G resulted in increasing GSK-3β interaction with Snail. Consequently, the nuclear localization and stability of Snail was disrupted resulting in promoting the degradation. Propolin G-inhibited Snail expression and the activities of migration and invasion were reversed by GSK-3β inhibitor pretreatment. Meanwhile, the outcomes also revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity was dose-dependently suppressed by propolin G. Correspondently, the amounts of acetyl-α-tubulin, a down-stream substrate of HDAC6, were increased. Dissociation of HDAC6/Hsp90 with vimentin leading to increased vimentin acetylation and degradation was perceived in the cells with the addition of propolin G. Moreover, up-regulated expression of acetyl-α-tubulin by propolin G was attenuated by HDAC6 overexpression. On the contrary, down-regulated expression of vimentin, cell migration and invasion by propolin G were overturned by HDAC6 overexpression. Conclusively, restraint cell migration and invasion of TNBC by propolin G were activated by the expression of GSK-3β-suppressed Snail and the interruption of HDAC6-mediated vimentin protein stability. Aiming at EMT, propolin G might be a potential candidate for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Tung Pai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan;
| | - Xing-Han Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33342, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shih Weng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3776; Fax: +886-2-2902-1215
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Akhavan S, Tutunchi S, Malmir A, Ajorlou P, Jalili A, Panahi G. Molecular study of the proliferation process of beta cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1429-1436. [PMID: 34734370 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, increasing in the number of patients and poses a severe threat to human health. Significant advances have been made in DM treatment; the most important of which is differentiation and proliferation of beta cells from IPSCs. METHODS Data were collected from PUBMED at various time points up to the academic year of 2020. The related keywords are listed as follows: "Induced pluripotent stem cell", "Proliferation", "Growth factor", "Small molecule", "cardiotoxicity" and "Scaffold." RESULT The use of growth factors along with small molecules can be a good strategy for beta-cell proliferation. Also, proliferation of beta cells on nanofibers scaffolds can create a similar in vivo environment, that leads to increased function of beta-cell. Some transcription factors that cause beta cells proliferation play an important role in inflammation; so, it is essential to monitor them to prevent inflammation. CONCLUSION Finally, the simultaneous use of growth factors, micronutrients and scaffolds can be an excellent strategy to increase the proliferation and function of beta cells derived from IPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Akhavan
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Tutunchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Malmir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest via p38/p21 Waf1/Cip1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Activation by Bavachinin in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26175161. [PMID: 34500594 PMCID: PMC8434044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant cancer in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major category of lung cancer. Although effective therapies have been administered, for improving the NSCLC patient’s survival, the incident rate is still high. Therefore, searching for a good strategy for preventing NSCLC is urgent. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are brilliant materials for cancer chemoprevention, because of their high biological safety and low cost. Bavachinin, which is an active flavanone of Proralea corylifolia L., possesses anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-cancer activities. The present study’s aim was to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of bavachinin on NSCLC, and its regulating molecular mechanisms. The results exhibited that a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability and colony formation capacity of three NSCLC cell lines, by bavachinin, were through G2/M cell cycle arrest induction. Meanwhile, the expression of the G2/M cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin B, p-cdc2Y15, p-cdc2T161, and p-wee1, was suppressed. With the dramatic up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21Waf1/Cip1, the expression and association of p21Waf1/Cip1 with the cyclin B/cdc2 complex was observed. Silencing the p21Waf1/Cip1 expression significantly rescued bavachinin-induced G2/M cell accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA was up-regulated in bavachinin-treated NSCLC cells. In addition, MAPK and AKT signaling were activated in bavachinin-added NSCLC cells. Interestingly, bavachinin-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 expression was repressed after restraint p38 MAPK activation. The inhibition of p38 MAPK activation reversed bavachinin-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA expression and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Collectively, bavachinin-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest was through the p38 MAPK-mediated p21Waf1/Cip1-dependent signaling pathway in the NSCLC cells.
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Ahmad B, Rehman SU, Azizullah A, Khan MF, Din SRU, Ahmad M, Ali A, Tahir N, Azam N, Gamallat Y, Rahman KU, Ali M, Safi M, Khan I, Qamer S, Oh DH. Molecular mechanisms of anticancer activities of polyphyllin VII. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:914-929. [PMID: 33342040 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the world. The major therapies for cancer treatment are chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. All these therapies expensive, toxic and show resistance. The plant-derived compounds are considered safe, cost-effective and target cancer through different pathways. In these pathways include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dependent and independent, STAT3, NF-kB, MAPKs, cell cycle, and autophagy pathways. One of the new plants derived compounds is Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), which target cancer through different molecular mechanisms. In literature, there is a review gap of studies on PPVII; therefore in the current review, we summarized the available studies on PPVII to provide a base for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biology (Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry), The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology (Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry), The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Biology (Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry), The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Riaz Ud Din
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Malakand University, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Tahir
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nasir Azam
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Khalil Ur Rahman
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Muhsin Ali
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammad Safi
- Oncology Department First affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Samina Qamer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Zhang J, Fang H, Zhang J, Guan W, Xu G. Garcinol Alone and in Combination With Cisplatin Affect Cellular Behavior and PI3K/AKT Protein Phosphorylation in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820926732. [PMID: 32489337 PMCID: PMC7238453 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820926732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol is a plant-derived compound that has some physiological benefits to human cells. However, the effect of garcinol on ovarian cancer (OC) cell proliferation and apoptosis is unknown. The current study aimed to examine the effects of garcinol alone and in combination with cisplatin (DDP) on cellular behavior and to explore the expression pattern of PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in human OC cells. We found that OVCAR-3 cell viability was decreased after garcinol treatment. Garcinol alone and in combination with DDP significantly inhibited cell proliferation and had a synergistic effect evaluated by CompuSyn software. The cell cycle analysis showed the S phase arrest by garcinol. Furthermore, garcinol alone and in combination with DDP promoted cell apoptosis. The garcinol-induced apoptosis was further confirmed by the detection of cleavage forms of PARP and caspase 3. An increase in proapoptotic factor Bax expression was also found in garcinol-treated cells. Moreover, garcinol significantly decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins and downregulated the expression of NF-κB. Thus, our data demonstrated that garcinol has the potential to be used as an anticancer agent and may synergize the effect of DDP. These actions are most likely through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencai Guan
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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13
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Zheng Y, Guo C, Zhang X, Wang X, Ma A. Garcinol acts as an antineoplastic agent in human gastric cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:667-676. [PMID: 32565991 PMCID: PMC7285879 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide; however, treatment options other than surgery remain limited. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has the potential to suppress of gastric tumorigenesis. Garcinol has been reported to exert inhibitory effects on the progression of numerous carcinomas. However, its effects in GC remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of garcinol on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells and then to explore the underlying mechanisms. Garcinol significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of GC cells and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the expression of AKTp-Thr308, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, BAX, matrix metalloprotease (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in HGC-27 cells following treatment with garcinol. The results obtained in the present study suggested that garcinol may inhibit gastric tumorigenesis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - A'Huo Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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14
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Chaturvedi Parashar N, Kulkarni S, Kaur G, Sak K, Kumar M, Ahn KS. Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32365899 PMCID: PMC7277375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is the medicinal component obtained from fruits and leaves of Garcinia indica (G. indica) and has traditionally been extensively used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it has been also been experimentally illustrated to elicit anti-cancer properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have illustrated the potential therapeutic efficiency of garcinol in management of different malignancies. It mainly acts as an inhibitor of cellular processes via regulation of transcription factors NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 in tumor cells and have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit growth of malignant cell population. Numerous studies have highlighted the anti-neoplastic potential of garcinol in different oncological transformations including colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. However, use of garcinol is still in its pre-clinical stage and this is mainly attributed to the limitations of conclusive evaluation of pharmacological parameters. This necessitates evaluation of garcinol pharmacokinetics to precisely identify an appropriate dose and route of administration, tolerability, and potency under physiological conditions along with characterization of a therapeutic index. Hence, the research is presently ongoing in the dimension of exploring the precise metabolic mechanism of garcinol. Despite various lacunae, garcinol has presented with promising anti-cancer effects. Hence, this review is motivated by the constantly emerging and promising positive anti-cancerous effects of garcinol. This review is the first effort to summarize the mechanism of action of garcinol in modulation of anti-cancer effect via regulation of different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Samruddhi Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.K.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur 133001, India;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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15
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Khan T, Ali M, Khan A, Nisar P, Jan SA, Afridi S, Shinwari ZK. Anticancer Plants: A Review of the Active Phytochemicals, Applications in Animal Models, and Regulatory Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E47. [PMID: 31892257 PMCID: PMC7022400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising burden of cancer worldwide calls for an alternative treatment solution. Herbal medicine provides a very feasible alternative to western medicine against cancer. This article reviews the selected plant species with active phytochemicals, the animal models used for these studies, and their regulatory aspects. This study is based on a meticulous literature review conducted through the search of relevant keywords in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty plants were selected based on defined selection criteria for their potent anticancer compounds. The detailed analysis of the research studies revealed that plants play an indispensable role in fighting different cancers such as breast, stomach, oral, colon, lung, hepatic, cervical, and blood cancer cell lines. The in vitro studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes by the secondary metabolites in the plant extracts. Studies that reported in vivo activities of these plants showed remarkable results in the inhibition of cancer in animal models. Further studies should be performed on exploring more plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer actions for use as standard herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Sowari 17290, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Nisar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Shakeeb Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
- National Council for Tibb, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Wong KM, Song J, Saini V, Wong YH. Small Molecules as Drugs to Upregulate Metastasis Suppressors in Cancer Cells. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5876-5899. [PMID: 29788870 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180522090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that the majority of cancer-related deaths is attributed to metastasis, which can arise from virtually any type of tumor. Metastasis is a complex multistep process wherein cancer cells must break away from the primary tumor, intravasate into the circulatory or lymphatic systems, extravasate, proliferate and eventually colonize secondary sites. Since these molecular processes involve the coordinated actions of numerous proteins, targeted disruptions of key players along these pathways represent possible therapeutic interventions to impede metastasis formation and reduce cancer mortality. A diverse group of proteins with demonstrated ability to inhibit metastatic colonization have been identified and they are collectively known as metastasis suppressors. Given that the metastasis suppressors are often downregulated in tumors, drug-induced re-expression or upregulation of these proteins represents a promising approach to limit metastasis. Indeed, over 40 compounds are known to exhibit efficacy in upregulating the expression of metastasis suppressors via transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms, and the most promising ones are being evaluated for their translational potentials. These small molecules range from natural products to drugs in clinical use and they apparently target different molecular pathways, reflecting the diverse nature of the metastasis suppressors. In this review, we provide an overview of the different classes of compounds known to possess the ability to upregulate one or more metastasis suppressors, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ming Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vasu Saini
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yung H Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Qamar H, Rehman S, Chauhan D. Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1227-1243. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190429120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy
and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute
toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and
lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing
cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like
Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium,
Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc.
having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible
toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these
medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay
and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the
range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative,
pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely
used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects.
This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having
minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the
welfare of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qamar
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Sumbul Rehman
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Unani Pharmacology), A.K. Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - D.K. Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
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18
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Garcinol A Novel Inhibitor of Platelet Activation and Apoptosis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070382. [PMID: 31266175 PMCID: PMC6669759 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, an anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia plants, stimulates tumor cell apoptosis and suicidal erythrocyte death, but supports the survival of hepatocytes and neurons. The present study explored whether the substance influences platelet function and/or apoptosis. To this end, we exposed murine blood platelets to garcinol (33 µM, 30 min) without and with activation by collagen-related peptide (CRP) (2-5 µg/mL) or thrombin (0.01 U/mL); flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, relative platelet volume from forward scatter, and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE. As a result, in the absence of CRP and thrombin, the exposure of the platelets to garcinol did not significantly modify [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, cell volume, caspase activity, and aggregation. Exposure of platelets to CRP or thrombin was followed by a significant increase of [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, αIIbβ3 integrin activity, annexin-V-binding, caspase activity, and aggregation, as well as significant cell shrinkage. All effects of CRP were strong and significant; those of thrombin were only partially and slightly blunted in the presence of garcinol. In conclusion, garcinol blunts CRP-induced platelet activity, apoptosis and aggregation.
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19
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Hosseini N, Khoshnazar A, Saidijam M, Azizi Jalilian F, Najafi R, Mahdavinezhad A, Ezati R, Sotanian A, Amini R. Zerumbone Suppresses Human Colorectal Cancer Invasion and Metastasis via Modulation of FAk/PI3k/NFκB-uPA Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:159-171. [PMID: 30650987 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1540719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the basic molecular mechanisms of zerumbone (ZER), an herbal compound, in inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. Two types of CRC cells, namely HCT-116 and SW48, were treated with various concentrations of ZER (8, 16, and 24 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. In vitro assays were performed to determine alterations in proliferation ability, mRNA expression and protein levels, and migration and invasion potential of CRC cells. An SYBR Green-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to detect the gene expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) followed by the evaluation of the level of proteins by western blotting. Migration and invasion potentials of HCT-116 and SW48 cells treated by ZER were examined using migration and invasion assay kits, respectively. We compared the results of all experiments with control groups, including FAK inhibitor, ZER + FAK inhibitor-treated cells, NF-β inhibitor, ZER + NF-β inhibitor, and untreated cells. The data in the present study suggest that ZER may exert its antimetastatic effects through inhibition of FAk/PI3k/NF-κB-uPA signaling pathway, thereby possibly representing a novel class of FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Amineh Khoshnazar
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- b Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Razie Ezati
- c Institute of Medical Biotechnology , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Sotanian
- d Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center , School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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20
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Yu H, Wang H, Liu G, Wang S, Ji X. Chinese Herbal Medicine Wenxia Changfu Formula Reverses Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance via the Integrin β1-PI3K-AKT Pathway in Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:293-304. [PMID: 30719123 PMCID: PMC6360309 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of lung cancer, the multidrug resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the reasons of low rates for cure and treatment failure, the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs and traditional Chinese medicine can increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy and reduce its adverse effects. Our previous study has proved that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Wenxia Changfu Formula (WCF for short) effectively enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in lung cancer treatment and reverses multidrug resistance in lung cancer cells in vitro. The present study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of WCF in reversing cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance of lung cancer by using A549 three-dimensional cell culture and nude mouse model of the A549 cell line with Integrin β1 overexpression. We show that the combination of WCF with DDP can decrease proliferation of lung cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, we find that the combination of WCF with DDP suppresses the expression of certain molecules which regulate cell cycle and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we show that the Integrin β1, FAK, PI3K, and AKT protein expressions are suppressed by DDP and even more responses are observed when DDP and WCF are combined, showing WCF treatment enhances the effect of commonly used anticancer drugs. In line with the above findings, our results confirm that WCF reverses cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance of lung cancer via inactivating Integrin β1/PI3K/AKT and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaNan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - ZhiChun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - HuaYun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - HuaXin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - ShiJun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - XuMing Ji
- College of Basic Medicine,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310053, China.,Shandong Provincial Chinese Medicine Classical Prescription Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
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21
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Jia Y, Jiang J, Lu X, Zhang T, Zhao K, Han W, Yang W, Qian Y. Garcinol suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and its underlying mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7498-7509. [PMID: 30471112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are multinuclear giant cells responsible for bone resorption, and an excessive bone resorption by OCs plays an important role in osteoporosis. Commonly used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis have severe side effects. As such, identification of alternative treatments is essential. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone extracted from the fruit of Garcinia indica, has shown a strong antitumor effect through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-associated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, the role of garcinol in the osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that garcinol can inhibit the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression, the f-actin ring, and resorption pit formation. In addition, garcinol abrogated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by attenuating the degradation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway as well as downstream factors c-jun, c-fos, and NFATC1. In vivo, suppression of osteoclastogenesis by garcinol was evidenced by marked inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that garcinol inhibited the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and thus has potential as a novel therapeutic option for osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangxian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanlei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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22
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α-Hederin Arrests Cell Cycle at G2/M Checkpoint and Promotes Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Blocking Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2548378. [PMID: 30363706 PMCID: PMC6180961 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2548378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer represents the third most common malignancy worldwide. New drugs with high efficaciousness and safety for the treatment of colon cancer are urgently needed in clinical context. Here, we were aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of the natural compound α-hederin in human colon cancer cells. We treated SW620 cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro to mimic the paracrine inflammatory microenvironment of tumor cells. α-Hederin concentration dependently reduced the viability of IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells. α-Hederin increased the number of IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells at the G2/M phase and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1. Moreover, α-hederin induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells. α-Hederin downregulated Bcl-2 expression, upregulated Bax expression, and promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Additionally, α-hederin elevated the levels of cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP, but had little effects on the levels of cleaved-caspase-8. Moreover, α-hederin prevented the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced the phosphorylation of IκBα and IKKα, suggesting the blockade of NF-κB signaling. NF-κB inhibitor PDTC not only produced similar proapoptotic effects on IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells as α-hederin did, but also synergistically enhanced α-hederin's proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, α-hederin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells, which was involved in α-hederin blockade of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Altogether, α-hederin suppressed viability, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and stimulated mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which were associated with disruption of NF-κB and ERK pathways, suggesting α-hederin as a promising candidate for intervention of colon cancer.
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Garcinol exerts anti-cancer effect in human cervical cancer cells through upregulation of T-cadherin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:957-966. [PMID: 30257408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, has been demonstrated to exert anti-cancer effects in various tumor cells. However, the effect of garcinol on cervical cancer (CC) cell progression and the related molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has verified that downregualtion of T-cadherin is closely associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting that T-cadherin might be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the present study, Hela and SiHa cells were treated with different concentrations of garcinol (0, 5, 10, and 25 u M), and T-cadherin siRNA was synthesized and transfected into Hela and SiHa cells combined with garcinol (25 u M) treatment. We found that garcinol dose-dependently suppressed cell viability, colony formation, invasion, migration, cell cycle progression, and promoted cell apoptosis in CC cell lines, as well as inhibited tumor growth in xenograft model. Importantly, our results showed that garcinol treatment increased the expression of T-cadherin both in vitro and in vivo, and knockdown of T-cahderin partially reversed garcinol-induced inhibition of CC development via activating P13 K/AKT signaling pathway in CC cell lines. Thus, these findings demonstrated the tumor suppressive function of garcinol on CC progression, and emphasized that the T-cadherin/P13 K/AKT was a potential mechanism involved in the antumor effects of garcinol.
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Garcinol Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through Up-Regulation of DR5 and Down-Regulation of c-FLIP Expression. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071614. [PMID: 30004456 PMCID: PMC6099973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derived from the Garcinia indica fruit that possess potential therapeutic effects such as inhibition of inflammation and tumor expansion. Here, we investigated whether garcinol induces TRAIL sensitization in renal carcinoma cells. Single treatment with garcinol or TRAIL did not effect on apoptosis. However, combined treatment with garcinol plus TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN and A498), lung carcinoma (A549), and hepatoma (SK-Hep1) cells. In contrast, garcinol plus TRAIL did not alter cell viability in normal cells. Garcinol plus TRAIL induced up-regulation of DR5 and down-regulation of c-FLIP expression at post-translational levels. Furthermore, knock-down of DR5 by siRNA and ectopic expression of c-FLIP blocked apoptotic cell death induced by garcinol plus TRAIL. Overall, our study provides evidence that garcinol can be exploited as a potential TRAIL sensitizer.
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Li Y, Zhou W, Tang K, Chen X, Feng Z, Chen J. Silencing Aurora A leads to re-sensitization of breast cancer cells to Taxol through downregulation of SRC-mediated ERK and mTOR pathways. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2011-2022. [PMID: 28849180 PMCID: PMC5652950 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While Taxol has been reported to improve the clinical survival of breast cancer patients, subsequently developed drug-resistance of the cancer cells limits its final efficacy and applications. Previous studies suggested that Aurora A is involved in the development of the Taxol-resistance of breast cancer. We established Taxol-resistant breast cancer MCF-7/T cells and xenograft models to explore the role of Aurora A in Taxol resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Compared with their parental MCF-7/C cells, the Taxol-resistant MCF-7/T cells exhibited enhanced colony formation, less cell death and higher invasive ability. The resistant cells presented overexpressed Aurora A, elevated phosphorylated SRC and upregulated Ras/Raf/ERK and Akt/mTOR pathways. Silencing of Aurora A reduced the activity of SRC and downregulated the ERK and Akt/mTOR pathways, which led to re-sensitization of the resistant MCF-7/T cells to Taxol in vitro. These results suggested that the activation of Aurora A and the subsequent upregulation of ERK and Akt through SRC induced Taxol-resistance in breast cancer cells, and inhibiting Aurora A and the related SRC/EKT/Akt pathway could restore the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Taxol. These results might shed light on the development of strategies to circumvent Taxol-related chemoresistance in breast cancer clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Behera AK, Swamy MM, Natesh N, Kundu TK. Garcinol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:435-452. [PMID: 27671827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The various bioactive compounds isolated from leaves and fruits of Garcinia sps plants, have been characterized and experimentally demonstrated to be anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in nature. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, obtained from plant Garcinia indica has been found to be an effective inhibitor of several key regulatory pathways (e.g., NF-kB, STAT3 etc.) in cancer cells, thereby being able to control malignant growth of solid tumours in vivo. Despite its high potential as an anti-neoplastic modulator of several cancer types such as head and neck cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, colon cancer etc., it is still in preclinical stage due to lack of systematic and conclusive evaluation of pharmacological parameters. While it is promising anti-cancer effects are being positively ascertained for therapeutic development, studies on its effectiveness in ameliorating other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, allergy, neurodegenerative diseases etc., though seem favourable, are very recent and require in depth scientific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Behera
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Mahadeva M Swamy
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Nagashayana Natesh
- Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary, No. 3, Basavanagudi, Bangalore, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India.
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Brito LDC, Berenger ALR, Figueiredo MR. An overview of anticancer activity of Garcinia and Hypericum. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:847-862. [PMID: 28363851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide (approximately 8.2 million cases/year) and, over the next two decades, a 70% increase in new cancer cases is expected. Through analysis of the available drugs between the years of 1930 and 2014, it was found that 48% were either natural products or their derivatives. This proportion increased to 66% when semi-synthetic products were included. The family Clusiaceae Juss. (Malpighiales) includes approximately 1000 species distributed throughout all tropical and temperate regions. The phytochemical profile of this family includes many chemicals with interesting pharmacological activities, including anticancer activities. This study includes an overview of the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of secondary metabolites from Garcinia and Hypericum and the mechanisms involved in this activity. Hypericum no longer belong to Clusiaceae family, but was considered in the past by taxonomists, due to similarities with this family. Research in the area has shown that several compounds belonging to different chemical classes exhibit activity in several tumor cell lines in different experimental models. This review shows the significant antineoplasic activity of these compounds, in particular of these two genera and validates the importance of natural products in the search for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavínia de C Brito
- Central Analítica Fernanda Coutinho, Instituto de Química, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Naturais 3 (PN3), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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29
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Ma D, Kou X, Jin J, Xu T, Wu M, Deng L, Fu L, Liu Y, Wu G, Lu H. Hydrostatic Compress Force Enhances the Viability and Decreases the Apoptosis of Condylar Chondrocytes through Integrin-FAK-ERK/PI3K Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111847. [PMID: 27827993 PMCID: PMC5133847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced mechanical stimuli in many pathological cases, such as hemimastication and limited masticatory movements, can significantly affect the metabolic activity of mandibular condylar chondrocytes and the growth of mandibles. However, the molecular mechanisms for these phenomena remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)/PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) signaling pathway mediated the cellular response of condylar chondrocytes to mechanical loading. Primary condylar chondrocytes were exposed to hydrostatic compressive forces (HCFs) of different magnitudes (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kPa) for 2 h. We measured the viability, morphology, and apoptosis of the chondrocytes with different treatments as well as the gene, protein expression, and phosphorylation of mechanosensitivity-related molecules, such as integrin α2, integrin α5, integrin β1, FAK, ERK, and PI3K. HCFs could significantly increase the viability and surface area of condylar chondrocytes and decrease their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. HCF of 250 kPa resulted in a 1.51 ± 0.02-fold increase of cell viability and reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells from 18.10% ± 0.56% to 7.30% ± 1.43%. HCFs could significantly enhance the mRNA and protein expression of integrin α2, integrin α5, and integrin β1 in a dose-dependent manner, but not ERK1, ERK2, or PI3K. Instead, HCF could significantly increase phosphorylation levels of FAK, ERK1/2, and PI3K in a dose-dependent manner. Cilengitide, the potent integrin inhibitor, could dose-dependently block such effects of HCFs. HCFs enhances the viability and decreases the apoptosis of condylar chondrocytes through the integrin-FAK-ERK/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam 1081LA, Nord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Taotao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Liquan Deng
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Lusi Fu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam 1081LA, Nord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam 1081LA, Nord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Haiping Lu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Ranjbarnejad T, Saidijam M, Tafakh MS, Pourjafar M, Talebzadeh F, Najafi R. Garcinol exhibits anti-proliferative activities by targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human colon cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:692-700. [PMID: 27481098 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116660865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death. Various natural compounds are known to have antitumor properties. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, we investigated the anticancer activity of garcinol on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) human colon cancer cells. METHODS HT-29 cells were treated with various concentrations of garcinol for 24 h. The effect of garcinol on HT-29 cells proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; the mRNA expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; apoptosis was detected by proportion of sub-G1 cell; caspase 3 activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HT-29 cells migration was assessed using scratch test. RESULTS Garcinol preconditioning markedly decreased the expression of mPGES-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, CXCR4, MMP-2, and MMP-9. The proportion of cells in sub-G1 phase and caspase 3 activity were increased by garcinol treatment whereas the cell proliferation, PGE2 level, and cell migration were decreased in these cells, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that garcinol plays a critical role in elevating apoptosis and inhibiting HT-29 cells proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion by suppressing the mPGES-1/PGE2/HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ranjbarnejad
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M Saidijam
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M Sadat Tafakh
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M Pourjafar
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - F Talebzadeh
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - R Najafi
- Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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31
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Li F, Shanmugam MK, Siveen KS, Wang F, Ong TH, Loo SY, Swamy MMM, Mandal S, Kumar AP, Goh BC, Kundu T, Ahn KS, Wang LZ, Hui KM, Sethi G. Garcinol sensitizes human head and neck carcinoma to cisplatin in a xenograft mouse model despite downregulation of proliferative biomarkers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5147-63. [PMID: 25762616 PMCID: PMC4467139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum compounds such as cisplatin and carboplatin are frequently used as the first-line chemotherapy for the treatment of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we investigated whether garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone can chemosensitize HNSCC to cisplatin. We found that garcinol inhibited the viability of a panel of diverse HNSCC cell lines, enhanced the apoptotic effect of cisplatin, suppressed constitutive as well as cisplatin-induced NF-κB activation, and downregulated the expression of various oncogenic gene products (cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin and VEGF). In vivo study showed that administration of garcinol alone (0.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p. five times/week) significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor, and this effect was further increased by cisplatin. Both the markers of proliferation index (Ki-67) and microvessel density (CD31) were downregulated in tumor tissues by the combination of cisplatin and garcinol. The pharmacokinetic results of garcinol indicated that good systemic exposure was achievable after i.p. administration of garcinol at 0.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg with mean peak concentration (Cmax) of 1825.4 and 6635.7 nM in the mouse serum, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that garcinol can indeed potentiate the effects of cisplatin by negative regulation of various inflammatory and proliferative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tina H Ong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Ser Yue Loo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mahadeva M M Swamy
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Bangalore, India
| | - Somnath Mandal
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Bangalore, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tapas Kundu
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Bangalore, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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32
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Wang Y, Tsai ML, Chiou LY, Ho CT, Pan MH. Antitumor Activity of Garcinol in Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Xenograft Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9047-9052. [PMID: 26442822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, which is isolated from fruit rinds of Garcinia indica, is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone. It has been studied for its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased when garcinol was applied to PC-3 cells indicating a presence of apoptosis. Meanwhile, procaspases-9 and -3 were suppressed with attenuating PARP and DFF-45. Autophagy was inhibited through activating p-mTOR and p-PI3 Kinase/AKT by garcinol, which as a result induced the cells to apoptosis directly. In addition, the apoptosis effect of garcinol in a xenograft mouse model was also tested, suggesting a consistent result with PC-3 cell model. The tumor size was reduced more than 80 percent after the mouse accepted the garcinol treatment. Garcinol was demonstrated to have a strong antitumor activity through inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis, which was discovered for the first time. Based on these findings, our data suggests that garcinol deserves further investigation as a potent chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Chiou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Garcinol: Current status of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Wattanawongdon W, Hahnvajanawong C, Namwat N, Kanchanawat S, Boonmars T, Jearanaikoon P, Leelayuwat C, Techasen A, Seubwai W. Establishment and characterization of gemcitabine-resistant human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines with multidrug resistance and enhanced invasiveness. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:398-410. [PMID: 25998688 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish and characterize the gemcitabine-resistant cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines, CCA KKU‑M139 and KKU‑M214 cell lines were exposed stepwisely to increasing gemcitabine (GEM). The resultant drug-resistant cell lines, KKU‑M139/GEM and KKU‑M214/GEM, retained the resistant phenotype in drug-free medium at least for 2 months. Sulforhodamine B assay demonstrated that KKU‑M139/GEM and KKU‑M214/GEM were 25.88- and 62.31-fold more resistant to gemcitabine than their parental cells. Both gemcitabine-resistant cell lines were cross-resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin and paclitaxel indicating their multidrug-resistant nature. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and western blot analyses, gemcitabine-resistant cells showed upregulation of RRM1 and downregulation of hENT1 and dCK. In relation to multidrug resistance, these cell lines showed upregulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) leading to an increase of drug efflux. Using cell adhesion and Boyden chamber transwell assays, these cell lines also showed higher cell adhesion, migration and invasion capabilities via the activations of protein kinase C (PKC), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Higher activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was also observed by a gelatin zymography assay and a casein-plasminogen zymography assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated the G2/M arrest regulated by downregulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) resulted in an extended population doubling time. Using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, evasion of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway was observed in both cell lines in association with upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax. Interestingly, Fas was additionally downregulated in KKU‑M214/GEM supporting the view of its higher GEM resistant characteristics. These findings indicate that long-term exposure of CCA cell lines to gemcitabine induce not only multidrug resistance but also enhance their invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wareeporn Wattanawongdon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chariya Hahnvajanawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirimas Kanchanawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Leelayuwat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Ou JJ, Wei X, Peng Y, Zha L, Zhou RB, Shi H, Zhou Q, Liang HJ. Neuropilin-2 mediates lymphangiogenesis of colorectal carcinoma via a VEGFC/VEGFR3 independent signaling. Cancer Lett 2014; 358:200-209. [PMID: 25543087 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis critically contributes to the lymphatic metastasis of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), but the underlying mechanism of CRC lymphangiogenesis remains largely elusive. We have previously demonstrated that Semaphorin-3F (SEMA3F) is critically involved in CRC metastasis, and the receptor of SEMA3F, neuropilin-2 (NRP2), originally described as an axon guiding chemorepulsant implicated in nerve development, has been suggested in promoting lymphangiogenesis via acting as an obligate co-receptor of VEGFR3 cooperatively enhancing the activity of VEGF-C. Our present study revealed that in colorectal carcinomas, NRP2 expression levels of tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are significantly correlated with the density of tumor lymphatic vessels. In vitro, activation of NRP2 in LECs substantially facilitates their migration, sprouting, and tubulogenesis capacity via regulating the rearrangement of cytoskeleton polarity. In vivo model further showed that in the xenografts generated from SEMA3F knockdown CRC cells, NRP2 is substantially activated in tumor-associated LECs, resulting in a significantly increased tumor lymphangiogenesis. Further evidence demonstrated that CRC cell induces the activation of NRP2 in LECs to promote tumor lymphangiogenesis via integrinα9β1/FAK/Erk pathway independent VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling. Our study for the first time revealed the novel molecular mechanism of NRP2-mediated-lymphangiogenesis in CRCs, suggesting NRP2 as a potential therapeutic target in preventing lymphatic metastasis of CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Zha
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of oncology, FuLing Central Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China.
| | - Hou-Jie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Fortress AM, Frick KM. Epigenetic regulation of estrogen-dependent memory. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:530-49. [PMID: 24878494 PMCID: PMC4174980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal memory formation is highly regulated by post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation. Accordingly, these epigenetic processes play a major role in the effects of modulatory factors, such as sex steroid hormones, on hippocampal memory. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that the ability of the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) to enhance hippocampal-dependent novel object recognition memory in ovariectomized female mice requires ERK-dependent histone H3 acetylation and DNA methylation in the dorsal hippocampus. Although these data provide valuable insight into the chromatin modifications that mediate the memory-enhancing effects of E2, epigenetic regulation of gene expression is enormously complex. Therefore, more research is needed to fully understand how E2 and other hormones employ epigenetic alterations to shape behavior. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations shown thus far to regulate hippocampal memory, briefly reviews the effects of E2 on hippocampal function, and describes in detail our work on epigenetic regulation of estrogenic memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fortress
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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Tsai ML, Chiou YS, Chiou LY, Ho CT, Pan MH. Garcinol suppresses inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1820-9. [PMID: 24981158 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica and has exhibited chemopreventive effects on azoxymethane)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in mice. In this study, we investigated whether garcinol protects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis/inflammation and azoxymethane/DSS-induced inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis in male ICR mice. We also aimed to delineate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment with garcinol prevented shortening of the colon length and the formation of aberrant crypt foci and improved the inflammation score in the mouse colon stimulated by DSS. Moreover, administration of garcinol markedly decreased DSS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression. The dietary administration of garcinol effectively reduced the tumor size and incidence in the mouse colon. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that administration of garcinol significantly downregulated cyclooxygenase-2, cyclin D1, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression via inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that garcinol may merit further clinical investigation as a chemoprophylactic food that helps prevent colitis-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Ichwan SJA, Soundharrajan I, Govindan N. Nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents for colon cancer: a review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:173-81. [PMID: 26579381 PMCID: PMC4629076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer, affecting both men and women. The modern diet and lifestyles, with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide. As a result, there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer. Currently, nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer׳s disease. Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants, marine organisms, vegetables and fruits. Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression. These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development. Accordingly, this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- ACC, acetyl CoA carboxylase
- ACF, aberrant crypt foci
- ACL, ATP-citrate lyase
- ASTX, astaxanthin
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- Colon cancer
- DHA, decahexaenoic acid
- DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
- DR, death receptor
- EGCG, epigallocatechingallate
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- GADD, growth arrest and DNA damage
- HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metallo-proteins
- Marine organisms
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nutraceuticals
- PRAP, prolactin receptor associated protein
- Plant derivatives
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand
- Therapeutics
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M. Yusoff
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Gaanty Pragas Maniam
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 441706, South Korea
| | - Natanamurugaraj Govindan
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Pneumocystis jirovecii Rtt109, a novel drug target for Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunosuppressed humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3650-9. [PMID: 24733475 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02637-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. In humans, PcP is caused by the opportunistic fungal species Pneumocystis jirovecii. Progress in Pneumocystis research has been hampered by a lack of viable in vitro culture methods, which limits laboratory access to human-derived organisms for drug testing. Consequently, most basic drug discovery research for P. jirovecii is performed using related surrogate organisms such as Pneumocystis carinii, which is derived from immunosuppressed rodents. While these studies provide useful insights, important questions arise about interspecies variations and the relative utility of identified anti-Pneumocystis agents against human P. jirovecii. Our recent work has identified the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Rtt109 in P. carinii (i.e., PcRtt109) as a potential therapeutic target for PcP, since Rtt109 HATs are widely conserved in fungi but are absent in humans. To further address the potential utility of this target in human disease, we now demonstrate the presence of a functional Rtt109 orthologue in the clinically relevant fungal pathogen P. jirovecii (i.e., PjRtt109). In a fashion similar to that of Pcrtt109, Pjrtt109 restores H3K56 acetylation and genotoxic resistance in rtt109-null yeast. Recombinant PjRtt109 is an active HAT in vitro, with activity comparable to that of PcRtt109 and yeast Rtt109. PjRtt109 HAT activity is also enhanced by the histone chaperone Asf1 in vitro. PjRtt109 and PcRtt109 showed similar low micromolar sensitivities to two reported small-molecule HAT inhibitors in vitro. Together, these results demonstrate that PjRtt109 is a functional Rtt109 HAT, and they support the development of anti-Pneumocystis agents directed at Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation as a novel therapeutic target for human PcP.
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Masullo M, Menegazzi M, Di Micco S, Beffy P, Bifulco G, Dal Bosco M, Novelli M, Pizza C, Masiello P, Piacente S. Direct interaction of garcinol and related polyisoprenylated benzophenones of Garcinia cambogia fruits with the transcription factor STAT-1 as a likely mechanism of their inhibitory effect on cytokine signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:543-549. [PMID: 24417609 DOI: 10.1021/np400804y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol (1), a polyisoprenylated benzophenone occurring in Garcinia species, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages, through inhibition of NF-κB and/or JAK/STAT-1 activation. In order to provide deeper insight into its effects on the cytokine signaling pathway and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, 1 was isolated from the fruits of Garcinia cambogia along with two other polyisoprenylated benzophenones, guttiferones K (2) and guttiferone M (3), differing from each other in their isoprenyl moieties and their positions on the benzophenone core. The affinities of 1-3 for the STAT-1 protein have been evaluated by surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking studies and resulted in KD values in the micromolar range. Consistent with the observed high affinity toward the STAT-1 protein, garcinol and guttiferones K and M were able to modulate cytokine signaling in different cultured cell lines, mainly by inhibiting STAT-1 nuclear transfer and DNA binding, as assessed by an electrophorectic mobility shift assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Sethi G, Chatterjee S, Rajendran P, Li F, Shanmugam MK, Wong KF, Kumar AP, Senapati P, Behera AK, Hui KM, Basha J, Natesh N, Luk JM, Kundu TK. Inhibition of STAT3 dimerization and acetylation by garcinol suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:66. [PMID: 24655440 PMCID: PMC3998115 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked with proliferation, survival, invasion and angiogenesis of a variety of human cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, novel agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have potential for both prevention and treatment of HCC. Here we report, garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, could suppress STAT3 activation in HCC cell lines and in xenografted tumor of HCC in nude mice model. Experimental design Different HCC cell lines have been treated with garcinol and the inhibition of STAT3 activation, dimerization and acetylation have been checked by immunoblotting, immuno-fluorescence, and DNA binding assays. Xenografted tumor model has been generated in nude mice using HCC cell line and effect of garcinol in the inhibition of tumor growth has been investigated. Results Garcinol could inhibit both constitutive and interleukin (IL-6) inducible STAT3 activation in HCC cells. Computational modeling showed that garcinol could bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3 and suppress its dimerization in vitro. Being an acetyltransferase inhibitor, garcinol also inhibits STAT3 acetylation and thus impairs its DNA binding ability. The inhibition of STAT3 activation by garcinol led to the suppression of expression of various genes involved in proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. It also suppressed proliferation and induced substantial apoptosis in HCC cells. Remarkably, garcinol inhibited the growth of human HCC xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice, through the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that garcinol exerts its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through suppression of STAT3 signaling in HCC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John M Luk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Yu SY, Liao CH, Chien MH, Tsai TY, Lin JK, Weng MS. Induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1) by garcinol via downregulation of p38-MAPK signaling in p53-independent H1299 lung cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2085-2095. [PMID: 24533688 DOI: 10.1021/jf4037722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, from Garcinia indica fruit rind has possessed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferation, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer mechanisms of garcinol in lung cancer were still unclear. Therefore, we examine the effects of garcinol on antiproliferation in human lung cancer cells. Treatments with garcinol for 24 h exhibited morphological changes and inhibited the proliferation of H460 (p53-wild type) and H1299 (p53-null) cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, a significant G1 cell cycle arrest was observed in a dose-dependent treatment after H1299 cells were exposed in garcinol, whereas garcinol induced apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest in H460 cells. Moreover, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 were decreased, although cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) were increased in garcinol-treated H1299 cells. Meanwhile, the protein levels of CDK inhibitors p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(KIP1) also exhibited upregulation after garcinol treatments. The enhanced protein-associated level between p21(Waf1/Cip1) and CDK4/2 rather than p27(KIP1) and CDK4/2 was demonstrated in garcinol-treated cells. Additionally, knock-down p21(Waf1/Cip1) by specific siRNA competently prevented garcinol-induced G1 arrest. Besides, garcinol also inhibited ERK and p38-MAPK activations in time-dependent mode. The pretreatment with p38-MAPK inhibitor but not ERK inhibitor raised garcinol-induced G1 population cells. Co-treatment with p38-MAPK inhibitor and garcinol synergistically elevated cyclin E, p21(Waf1/Cip1), and p27(Kip1) expressions. Meanwhile, overexpression dominant negative p38-MAPK also enhanced garcinol-induced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression in H1299 cells. Accordingly, our data suggested that garcinol induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells under different p53 statuses. The p53-independent G1 cell cycle arrest induced by garcinol might be through upregulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) triggered from p38-MAPK signaling inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yung Yu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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Pan H, Cheng L, Yang H, Zou W, Cheng R, Hu T. Lysophosphatidic Acid Rescues Human Dental Pulp Cells from Ischemia-induced Apoptosis. J Endod 2014; 40:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bharate JB, Vishwakarma RA, Bharate SB, Kushwaha M, Gupta AP. QUANTIFICATION OF ANTICANCER POLYISOPRENYLATED BENZOPHENONES GARCINOL AND ISOGARCINOL USING MULTIPLE REACTION MONITORING LC-ESI-MS-MS IN ULTRA-SOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTS OFGARCINIA INDICAFRUITS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.873872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bharate J, Vishwakarma R, Bharate S, Thite T, Kushwaha M, Gupta A. Quantification and validation of two isomeric anticancer compounds, garcinol and isogarcinol, in ultrasound-assisted extracts ofGarcinia indicafruits using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li F, Shanmugam MK, Chen L, Chatterjee S, Basha J, Kumar AP, Kundu TK, Sethi G. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone modulates multiple proinflammatory signaling cascades leading to the suppression of growth and survival of head and neck carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:843-54. [PMID: 23803415 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of proinflammatory transcription factors such as STAT3 and NF-κB plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Thus, the agents that can modulate deregulated STAT3 and NF-κB activation have a great potential both for the prevention and treatment of HNSCC. In the present report, we investigated the potential effects of garcinol, an active component of Garcinia indica on various inflammatory mediators involved in HNSCC progression using cell lines and xenograft mouse model. We found that garcinol inhibited constitutively activated STAT3 in HNSCC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which correlated with the suppression of the upstream kinases (c-Src, JAK1, and JAK2) in HNSCC cells. Also, we noticed that the generation of reactive oxygen species is involved in STAT3 inhibitory effect of garcinol. Furthermore, garcinol exhibited an inhibitory effect on the constitutive NF-κB activation, mediated through the suppression of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibitor of IκB kinase (IKK) activation in HNSCC cells. Garcinol also downregulated the expression of various gene products involved in proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis that led to the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in HNSCC cells. When administered intraperitoneally, garcinol inhibited the growth of human HNSCC xenograft tumors in male athymic nu/nu mice. Overall, our results suggest for the first time that garcinol mediates its antitumor effects in HNSCC cells and mouse model through the suppression of multiple proinflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Kapoor S. Emerging Antineoplastic Effects of Garcinol Besides Role in Inhibiting Growth in Pancreatic Carcinomas. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:623. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.776695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aggarwal B, Prasad S, Sung B, Krishnan S, Guha S. Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Natural Agents From Mother Nature. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013; 9:37-56. [PMID: 23814530 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-012-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States after cancers of the lung and the breast/prostate. While the incidence of CRC in the United States is among the highest in the world (approximately 52/100,000), its incidence in countries in India is among the lowest (approximately 7/100,000), suggesting that lifestyle factors may play a role in development of the disease. Whereas obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, a high-calorie diet, and a lack of physical activity promote this cancer, evidence indicates that foods containing folates, selenium, Vitamin D, dietary fiber, garlic, milk, calcium, spices, vegetables, and fruits are protective against CRC in humans. Numerous agents from "mother nature" (also called "nutraceuticals,") that have potential to both prevent and treat CRC have been identified. The most significant discoveries relate to compounds such as cardamonin, celastrol, curcumin, deguelin, diosgenin, thymoquinone, tocotrienol, ursolic acid, and zerumbone. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, these agents modulate multiple targets, including transcription factors, growth factors, tumor cell survival factors, inflammatory pathways, and invasion and angiogenesis linked closely to CRC. We describe the potential of these dietary agents to suppress the growth of human CRC cells in culture and to inhibit tumor growth in animal models. We also describe clinical trials in which these agents have been tested for efficacy in humans. Because of their safety and affordability, these nutraceuticals provide a novel opportunity for treatment of CRC, an "old age" disease with an "age old" solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics
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Tang W, Pan MH, Sang S, Li S, Ho CT. Garcinol from Garcinia indica: Chemistry and Health Beneficial Effects. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1129.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Tang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Mathew GE, Mathew B, Shaneeb MM, Nyanthara B. Diuretic activity of leaves of garcinia cambogia in rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:228-30. [PMID: 22303069 PMCID: PMC3267310 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.91567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to establish the diuretic activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of dried leaves of Garcinia cambogia in rats. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves were administered to experimental rats orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and compared with furosemide (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) as the standard. The parameters measured for diuretic activity were total urine volume, urine concentration electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride have been evaluated . The rats treated with ethanol extract of Garcinia cambogia and aqueous extract of Garcinia cambogia in a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed higher urine output when compared to the respective control. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Githa E Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad-678 004, India
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