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Zheng J, Li Y, Zhang T, Fu Y, Long P, Gao X, Wang Z, Guan Z, Qi X, Hong W, Xiao Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: PERK as a potential target for intervention. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1455-1466. [PMID: 39075912 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00028/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Several studies have shown that activation of unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in severe cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Autophagy occurs within hours after cerebral ischemia, but the relationship between ER stress and autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we established experimental models using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in PC12 cells and primary neurons to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that prolongation of oxygen-glucose deprivation activated the ER stress pathway protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), increased neuronal apoptosis, and induced autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of ER stress using inhibitors or by siRNA knockdown of the PERK gene significantly attenuated excessive autophagy and neuronal apoptosis, indicating an interaction between autophagy and ER stress and suggesting PERK as an essential target for regulating autophagy. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine exacerbated ER stress-induced apoptosis, indicating that normal levels of autophagy play a protective role in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Findings from this study indicate that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury can trigger neuronal ER stress and promote autophagy, and suggest that PERK is a possible target for inhibiting excessive autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yanlin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Peiyan Long
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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2
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Wongong R, Kijtawornrat A, Srichomthong C, Tongkobpeth S, Od-Ek P, Assawapitaksakul A, Caengprasath N, Khongphatthanayothin A, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. A novel BAG5 variant impairs the ER stress response pathway, causing dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11980. [PMID: 38796549 PMCID: PMC11127938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic BAG5 variants recently linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) prompt further investigation into phenotypic, mutational, and pathomechanistic aspects. We explored the clinical and molecular characteristics of DCM associated with BAG5 variants, uncovering the consistently severe manifestations of the disease and its impact on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The analysis involved three siblings affected by DCM and arrhythmia, along with their four unaffected siblings, their unaffected father, and their mother who exhibited arrhythmia. The parents were consanguineous. Exome and Sanger sequencing identified a novel BAG5 variant, c.444_445delGA (p.Lys149AsnfsTer6), homozygous in affected siblings and heterozygous in parents and unaffected siblings. We generated heterozygous and homozygous Bag5 point mutant knock-in (KI) mice and evaluated cardiac pathophysiology under stress conditions, including tunicamycin (TN) administration. Bag5-/- mice displayed no abnormalities up to 12 months old and showed no anomalies during an exercise stress test. However, following TN injection, Bag5-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and ejection fraction (LVEF). Their cardiac tissues exhibited a notable increase in apoptotic cells, despite non-distinctive changes in CHOP and GRP78 levels. Interestingly, only Bag5 KI male mice demonstrated arrhythmia, which was more pronounced in Bag5-/- than in Bag5+/-males. Here, our study reveals a novel BAG5 mutation causing DCM by impairing the ER stress response, with observed sex-specific arrhythmia differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutairat Wongong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalurmpon Srichomthong
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Tongkobpeth
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phichittra Od-Ek
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adjima Assawapitaksakul
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natarin Caengprasath
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichai Khongphatthanayothin
- Center of Excellence in Arrhythmia Research Chulalongkorn University, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bangkok Heart Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Geriatric and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Delligatti CE, Kirk JA. Glycation in the cardiomyocyte. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 125:47-88. [PMID: 38997172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Glycation is a protein post-translational modification that can occur on lysine and arginine residues as a result of a non-enzymatic process known as the Maillard reaction. This modification is irreversible, so the only way it can be removed is by protein degradation and replacement. Small reactive carbonyl species, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, are the primary glycating agents and are elevated in several conditions associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, and aging. Thus, how protein glycation impacts the cardiomyocyte is of particular interest, to both understand how these conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and how glycation might be targeted therapeutically. Glycation can affect the cardiomyocyte through extracellular mechanisms, including RAGE-based signaling, glycation of the extracellular matrix that modifies the mechanical environment, and signaling from the vasculature. Intracellular glycation of the cardiomyocyte can impact calcium handling, protein quality control and cell death pathways, as well as the cytoskeleton, resulting in a blunted contractility. While reducing protein glycation and its impact on the heart has been an active area of drug development, multiple clinical trials have had mixed results and these compounds have not been translated to the clinic-highlighting the challenges of modulating myocyte glycation. Here we will review protein glycation and its effects on the cardiomyocyte, therapeutic attempts to reverse these, and offer insight as to the future of glycation studies and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Delligatti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.
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Gan S, Zhou S, Ma J, Xiong M, Xiong W, Fan X, Liu K, Gui Y, Chen B, Zhang B, Wang X, Wang F, Li Z, Yan W, Ma M, Yuan S. BAG5 regulates HSPA8-mediated protein folding required for sperm head-tail coupling apparatus assembly. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2045-2070. [PMID: 38454159 PMCID: PMC11015022 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Teratozoospermia is a significant cause of male infertility, but the pathogenic mechanism of acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS), one of the most severe teratozoospermia, remains elusive. We previously reported Spermatogenesis Associated 6 (SPATA6) as the component of the sperm head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) required for normal assembly of the sperm head-tail conjunction, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been explored. Here, we find that the co-chaperone protein BAG5, expressed in step 9-16 spermatids, is essential for sperm HTCA assembly. BAG5-deficient male mice show abnormal assembly of HTCA, leading to ASS and male infertility, phenocopying SPATA6-deficient mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that SPATA6, cargo transport-related myosin proteins (MYO5A and MYL6) and dynein proteins (DYNLT1, DCTN1, and DNAL1) are misfolded upon BAG5 depletion. Mechanistically, we find that BAG5 forms a complex with HSPA8 and promotes the folding of SPATA6 by enhancing HSPA8's affinity for substrate proteins. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel protein-regulated network in sperm formation in which BAG5 governs the assembly of the HTCA by activating the protein-folding function of HSPA8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Gan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jinzhe Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengneng Xiong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiqian Gui
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhean Li
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Meisheng Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Bracho-Valdés I, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Beltrán-Navarro YM, Olguín-Olguín A, Escobar-Islas E, Carretero-Ortega J, Olivares-Reyes JA, Reyes-Cruz G, Gutkind JS, Vázquez-Prado J. Akt Is Controlled by Bag5 through a Monoubiquitination to Polyubiquitination Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17531. [PMID: 38139359 PMCID: PMC10743781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase Akt plays a fundamental role in cell survival, metabolism, proliferation, and migration. To keep these essential processes under control, Akt activity and stability must be tightly regulated; otherwise, life-threatening conditions might prevail. Although it is well understood that phosphorylation regulates Akt activity, much remains to be known about how its stability is maintained. Here, we characterize BAG5, a chaperone regulator, as a novel Akt-interactor and substrate that attenuates Akt stability together with Hsp70. BAG5 switches monoubiquitination to polyubiquitination of Akt and increases its degradation caused by Hsp90 inhibition and Hsp70 overexpression. Akt interacts with BAG5 at the linker region that joins the first and second BAG domains and phosphorylates the first BAG domain. The Akt-BAG5 complex is formed in serum-starved conditions and dissociates in response to HGF, coincident with BAG5 phosphorylation. BAG5 knockdown attenuated Akt degradation and facilitated its activation, whereas the opposite effect was caused by BAG5 overexpression. Altogether, our results indicate that Akt stability and signaling are dynamically regulated by BAG5, depending on growth factor availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Bracho-Valdés
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Academic Department of Apparatus and Systems I, Deanship of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yarely Mabell Beltrán-Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Adán Olguín-Olguín
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Estanislao Escobar-Islas
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
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6
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Yang Y, Wang P, Guo J, Ma T, Hu Y, Huang L, Xing B, He Y, Xi J. Zinc Overload Induces Damage to H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ROS-Mediated Mitophagy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:388-405. [PMID: 37845565 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is essential for maintaining redox balance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. However, excessive zinc exposure is toxic and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we established a zinc overload model by treating rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells with Zn2+ at different concentrations. Our results showed that zinc overload increased LDH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics. Furthermore, zinc overload activated the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and induced mitochondrial autophagy via ROS, while NAC inhibited mitophagy and weakened the activation of PINK1/Parkin pathway, thereby preserving mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, our data also showed that Mfn2 deletion increased ROS production and exacerbated cytotoxicity induced by zinc overload. Our results therefore suggest that Zn2+-induced ROS generation causes mitochondrial autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, damaging H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Additionally, Mfn2 may play a key role in zinc ion-mediated endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial interactions. Our results provide a new perspective on zinc-induced toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Basic School of Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Clinic School of Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Clinic School of Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Youcheng Hu
- Basic School of Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Luyao Huang
- Basic School of Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bohan Xing
- Basic School of Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yonggui He
- Clinic School of Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Jinkun Xi
- Basic School of Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
- Clinic School of Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
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7
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Guo S, Yang H, Liu J, Meng Z, Sui L. Heat Shock Proteins in Tooth Development and Injury Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087455. [PMID: 37108621 PMCID: PMC10138928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of molecular chaperones with expression increased in response to heat or other stresses. HSPs regulate cell homeostasis by modulating the folding and maturation of intracellular proteins. Tooth development is a complex process that involves many cell activities. During tooth preparation or trauma, teeth can be damaged. The damaged teeth start their repair process by remineralizing and regenerating tissue. During tooth development and injury repair, different HSPs have different expression patterns and play a special role in odontoblast differentiation and ameloblast secretion by mediating signaling pathways or participating in protein transport. This review explores the expression patterns and potential mechanisms of HSPs, particularly HSP25, HSP60 and HSP70, in tooth development and injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Guo
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Haosun Yang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Zhaosong Meng
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Lei Sui
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
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8
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Zhao J, Li J, Li G, Chen M. The role of mitochondria-associated membranes mediated ROS on NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1059576. [PMID: 36588561 PMCID: PMC9794868 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1059576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is essential for the homeostasis of cells. Appropriate production of ROS is an important signaling molecule, but excessive ROS production can damage cells. ROS and ROS-associated proteins can act as damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) to activate the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have shown that there are connected sites, termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. In cardiovascular disease progression, MAMs play multiple roles, the most important of which is the ability to mediate ROS generation, which further activates the NLPR3 inflammasome, exacerbating the progression of disease. In this review, the following topics will be covered: 1. Molecular structures on MAMs that can mediate ROS generation; 2. Specific mechanisms of molecule-mediated ROS generation and the molecules' roles in cardiovascular disease, 3. The effects of MAMs-mediated ROS on the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to provide a basis for subsequent clinical treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyong Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Mao Chen
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9
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Luan Y, Jin Y, Zhang P, Li H, Yang Y. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cardiac hypertrophy: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1015722. [PMID: 36337896 PMCID: PMC9630933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1015722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy has been shown to compensate for cardiac performance and improve ventricular wall tension as well as oxygen consumption. This compensatory response results in several heart diseases, which include ischemia disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease. Although the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy remains complicated, previous data show that dysfunction of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. The interaction between the mitochondria and ER is mediated by mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which play an important role in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. The function of MAMs has mainly been associated with calcium transfer, lipid synthesis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we discuss key MAMs-associated proteins and their functions in cardiovascular system and define their roles in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, we demonstrate that MAMs is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yage Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Protein Quality Control in Glioblastoma: A Review of the Current Literature with New Perspectives on Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179734. [PMID: 36077131 PMCID: PMC9456419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control allows eukaryotes to maintain proteostasis under the stress of constantly changing conditions. In this review, we discuss the current literature on PQC, highlighting flaws that must exist for malignancy to occur. At the nidus of PQC, the expression of BAG1-6 reflects the cell environment; each isoform directs proteins toward different, parallel branches of the quality control cascade. The sum of these branches creates a net shift toward either homeostasis or apoptosis. With an established role in ALP, Bag3 is necessary for cell survival in stress conditions including those of the cancerous niche (i.e., hypoxia, hypermutation). Evidence suggests that excessive Bag3–HSP70 activity not only sustains, but also propagates cancers. Its role is anti-apoptotic—which allows malignant cells to persist—and intercellular—with the production of infectious ‘oncosomes’ enabling cancer expansion and recurrence. While Bag3 has been identified as a key prognostic indicator in several cancer types, its investigation is limited regarding glioblastoma. The cochaperone HSP70 has been strongly linked with GBM, while ALP inhibitors have been shown to improve GBM susceptibility to chemotherapeutics. Given the highly resilient, frequently recurrent nature of GBM, the targeting of Bag3 is a necessary consideration for the successful and definitive treatment of GBM.
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11
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Abstract
This article reviews the discovery of PCSK9, its structure-function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions. The major critical function of PCSK9 deduced from human and mouse studies, as well as cellular and structural analyses, is its role in increasing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDLc), via its ability to enhance the sorting and escort of the cell surface LDL receptor (LDLR) to lysosomes. This implicates the binding of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR. This also requires the presence of the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain, its binding to the secreted cytosolic cyclase associated protein 1, and possibly another membrane-bound "protein X". Curiously, in PCSK9-deficient mice, an alternative to the downregulation of the surface levels of the LDLR by PCSK9 is taking place in the liver of female mice in a 17β-estradiol-dependent manner by still an unknown mechanism. Recent studies have extended our understanding of the biological functions of PCSK9, namely its implication in septic shock, vascular inflammation, viral infections (Dengue; SARS-CoV-2) or immune checkpoint modulation in cancer via the regulation of the cell surface levels of the T-cell receptor and MHC-I, which govern the antitumoral activity of CD8+ T cells. Because PCSK9 inhibition may be advantageous in these processes, the availability of injectable safe PCSK9 inhibitors that reduces by 50% to 60% LDLc above the effect of statins is highly valuable. Indeed, injectable PCSK9 monoclonal antibody or small interfering RNA could be added to current immunotherapies in cancer/metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM, affiliated to the University of Montreal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM, affiliated to the University of Montreal), Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ye Y, Xiong X, Zhang S, Gu L, Jian Z, Wang H. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:864426. [PMID: 35602556 PMCID: PMC9114642 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.864426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by sudden interruption of blood flow in a certain part of the brain, leading to serious disability and death. At present, treatment methods for ischemic stroke are limited to thrombolysis or thrombus removal, but the treatment window is very narrow. However, recovery of cerebral blood circulation further causes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein secretion, membrane protein folding, transportation, and maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in cerebral ischemia pathophysiology. Mild ERS helps improve cell tolerance and restore cell homeostasis; however, excessive or long-term ERS causes apoptotic pathway activation. Specifically, the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways are significantly activated following initiation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). CIRI-induced apoptosis leads to nerve cell death, which ultimately aggravates neurological deficits in patients. Therefore, it is necessary and important to comprehensively explore the mechanism of ERS in CIRI to identify methods for preserving brain cells and neuronal function after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shudi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Zhihong Jian,
| | - Hongfa Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfa Wang,
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13
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Gupta MK, Randhawa PK, Masternak MM. Role of BAG5 in Protein Quality Control: Double-Edged Sword? FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:844168. [PMID: 35821856 PMCID: PMC9261338 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.844168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorder is the major health burden and cause of death among individuals worldwide. As the cardiomyocytes lack the ability for self-renewal, it is utmost necessary to surveil the protein quality in the cells. The Bcl-2 associated anthanogene protein (BAG) family and molecular chaperones (HSP70, HSP90) actively participate in maintaining cellular protein quality control (PQC) to limit cellular dysfunction in the cells. The BAG family contains a unique BAG domain which facilitates their interaction with the ATPase domain of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to assist in protein folding. Among the BAG family members (BAG1-6), BAG5 protein is unique since it has five domains in tandem, and the binding of BD5 induces certain conformational changes in the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSP70 such that it loses its affinity for binding to ADP and results in enhanced protein refolding activity of HSP70. In this review, we shall describe the role of BAG5 in modulating mitophagy, endoplasmic stress, and cellular viability. Also, we have highlighted the interaction of BAG5 with other proteins, including PINK, DJ-1, CHIP, and their role in cellular PQC. Apart from this, we have described the role of BAG5 in cellular metabolism and aging.
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14
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Lebeau PF, Platko K, Byun JH, Makda Y, Austin RC. The Emerging Roles of Intracellular PCSK9 and Their Implications in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Metabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030215. [PMID: 35323658 PMCID: PMC8954296 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) gene was quickly recognized by the scientific community as the third locus for familial hypercholesterolemia. By promoting the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), secreted PCSK9 protein plays a vital role in the regulation of circulating cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease risk. For this reason, the majority of published works have focused on the secreted form of PCSK9 since its initial characterization in 2003. In recent years, however, PCSK9 has been shown to play roles in a variety of cellular pathways and disease contexts in LDLR-dependent and -independent manners. This article examines the current body of literature that uncovers the intracellular and LDLR-independent roles of PCSK9 and also explores the many downstream implications in metabolic diseases.
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15
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Hakui H, Kioka H, Miyashita Y, Nishimura S, Matsuoka K, Kato H, Tsukamoto O, Kuramoto Y, Takuwa A, Takahashi Y, Saito S, Ohta K, Asanuma H, Fu HY, Shinomiya H, Yamada N, Ohtani T, Sawa Y, Kitakaze M, Takashima S, Sakata Y, Asano Y. Loss-of-function mutations in the co-chaperone protein BAG5 cause dilated cardiomyopathy requiring heart transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf3274. [PMID: 35044787 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure, characterized by ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. Familial DCM is reportedly caused by mutations in more than 50 genes, requiring precise disease stratification based on genetic information. However, the underlying genetic causes of 60 to 80% of familial DCM cases remain unknown. Here, we identified that homozygous truncating mutations in the gene encoding Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) co-chaperone 5 (BAG5) caused inherited DCM in five patients among four unrelated families with complete penetrance. BAG5 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70), promoting adenosine diphosphate release and activating HSC70-mediated protein folding. Bag5 mutant knock-in mice exhibited ventricular dilatation, arrhythmogenicity, and poor prognosis under catecholamine stimulation, recapitulating the human DCM phenotype, and administration of an adeno-associated virus 9 vector carrying the wild-type BAG5 gene could fully ameliorate these DCM phenotypes. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that BAG5 localized to junctional membrane complexes (JMCs), critical microdomains for calcium handling. Bag5-mutant mouse cardiomyocytes exhibited decreased abundance of functional JMC proteins under catecholamine stimulation, disrupted JMC structure, and calcium handling abnormalities. We also identified heterozygous truncating mutations in three patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, a reversible DCM subtype associated with abnormal calcium homeostasis. Our study suggests that loss-of-function mutations in BAG5 can cause DCM, that BAG5 may be a target for genetic testing in cases of DCM, and that gene therapy may potentially be a treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Hakui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Matsuoka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuramoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayako Takuwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kunio Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Haruki Shinomiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Wang D, Qiu Y, Fan J, Liu Y, Chen W, Li Z, Chen W, Wang X. Upregulation of C/EBP Homologous Protein induced by ER Stress Mediates Epithelial to Myofibroblast Transformation in ADTKD-UMOD. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:364-376. [PMID: 35165522 PMCID: PMC8795802 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.65036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to UMOD mutations (ADTKD-UMOD) results in chronic interstitial nephritis, which gradually develops into end-stage renal disease. It is believed that the accumulation of mutant uromodulin causes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, then leads to the kidney damage. But the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To find the ADTKD-UMOD patients, UMOD gene screening was performed in 26 patients with unexplained chronic interstitial nephritis, during the past 10 years in our department, and among them three ADTKD-UMOD cases were discovered. Routine pathological staining and electron microscopy sections were reviewed again to confirm their kidney lesions. Immunostaining of UMOD and ER stress marker GRP78, as well as CHOP have all been done. The strong colocalization of UMOD with GRP78 and CHOP in ADTKD-UMOD patients but not in other chronic interstitial nephritis patients had been found. Moreover in vitro experiments, ER stress induced by tunicamycin (TM) not only significantly increased the expression of GRP78 and CHOP, but also caused the epithelial to myofibroblast transformation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells, evidenced by decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, evidenced by increased expression of fibronectin (FN). CHOP knockdown could restore the upregulation of vimentin and FN induced by TM. Thus, specific activation of CHOP in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by UMOD protein might be the key reason of renal interstitial fibrosis in ADTKD-UMOD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yagui Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Lebeau PF, Wassef H, Byun JH, Platko K, Ason B, Jackson S, Dobroff J, Shetterly S, Richards WG, Al-Hashimi AA, Won KD, Mbikay M, Prat A, Tang A, Paré G, Pasqualini R, Seidah NG, Arap W, Chrétien M, Austin RC. The loss-of-function PCSK9Q152H variant increases ER chaperones GRP78 and GRP94 and protects against liver injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:128650. [PMID: 33211673 DOI: 10.1172/jci128650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals harboring the loss-of-function (LOF) proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Gln152His variation (PCSK9Q152H) have low circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and are therefore protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD). This uncleavable form of proPCSK9, however, is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver hepatocytes, where it would be expected to contribute to ER storage disease (ERSD), a heritable condition known to cause systemic ER stress and liver injury. Here, we examined liver function in members of several French-Canadian families known to carry the PCSK9Q152H variation. We report that PCSK9Q152H carriers exhibited marked hypocholesterolemia and normal liver function despite their lifelong state of ER PCSK9 retention. Mechanistically, hepatic overexpression of PCSK9Q152H using adeno-associated viruses in male mice greatly increased the stability of key ER stress-response chaperones in liver hepatocytes and unexpectedly protected against ER stress and liver injury rather than inducing them. Our findings show that ER retention of PCSK9 not only reduced CVD risk in patients but may also protect against ERSD and other ER stress-driven conditions of the liver. In summary, we have uncovered a cochaperone function for PCSK9Q152H that explains its hepatoprotective effects and generated a translational mouse model for further mechanistic insights into this clinically relevant LOF PCSK9 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanny Wassef
- Laboratory of Functional Endoproteolysis, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Ason
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Jackson
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Susan Shetterly
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ali A Al-Hashimi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Doyoon Won
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majambu Mbikay
- Laboratory of Functional Endoproteolysis, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wadih Arap
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Laboratory of Functional Endoproteolysis, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4578809. [PMID: 34336092 PMCID: PMC8289621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4578809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal function of suborganelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum often leads to abnormal function of cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) is involved in several important cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. MAM mediates multiple cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis regulation, lipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are key risk factors for CVD. In this review, we discuss the structure of MAM and MAM-associated proteins, their role in CVD progression, and the potential use of MAM as the therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.
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19
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Dinger ME, Maleki P, Taheri M, Hajiesmaeili M. Emerging role of circular RNAs in the pathobiology of lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111805. [PMID: 34120067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality and incidence in both sexes. Different classes of transcripts have been proposed as molecular markers in this type of cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of transcripts with circular enclosed and stable configuration. These transcripts are stable in the blood, thus can be used as markers for detection of disorders. Moreover, dysregulation of circRNAs in the affected tissues of patients with different cancers shows their possible roles in the carcinogenesis. Several circRNAs including circPRKC1, circFGFR1, hsa-circ-0020123 and circTP63 have been found to be up-regulated in lung cancer samples. Meanwhile, cir-ITCH, hsa_circ_100395, hsa_circ_0033155, circRNF13, circNOL10, circ-UBR5, circPTK2 and circCRIM1 have been shown to be down-regulated in lung cancer tissues compared with noncancerous counterparts. Finally, prognostic values of circPRKC1, circFGFR1, has-circ-00120123, circTP63, circ_0067934, CDR1as, hsa_circRN_103809 and some other circRNAs have been appraised in lung cancer. In the current manuscript, we describe the impact and utility of circRNAs in the pathology of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Parichehr Maleki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Abolhasanpour N, Alihosseini S, Golipourkhalili S, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L. Insight into the effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, and their cross-talk in the stroke. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:673-682. [PMID: 33926763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has remained a principal cause of mortality and neurological disabilities worldwide. Blood flow resumption, reperfusion, in the cerebral ischemia prompts a cascade in the brain characterized by various cellular mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stresses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and excitotoxicity, finally resulting in programmed cell death. Any changes in the ER-mitochondria axis are probably responsible for both the onset and progression of central nervous system diseases. Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Most studies have shown that it exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. It was observed that melatonin therapy after the stroke not only leads to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction but also cause to alleviate ER stress and inflammation. This review discusses the impact of melatonin on mitochondrial, ER function, and on the crosstalk between two organelles as a therapeutic target for stroke. Given that the influences of melatonin on each organelle separately, its effects on mechanisms of crosstalk between ER and mitochondria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Samin Alihosseini
- Student research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Golipourkhalili
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Wang M, Wei J, Ji T, Zang K. miRNA-770-5p expression is upregulated in patients with type 2 diabetes and miRNA-770-5p knockdown protects pancreatic β-cell function via targeting BAG5 expression. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:664. [PMID: 33986829 PMCID: PMC8112148 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-770-5p expression is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with healthy controls; however, the roles and molecular mechanism underlying miR-770-5p in T2DM are not completely understood. In the present study, the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results indicated that miR-770-5p expression was significantly increased and Bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) expression was significantly decreased in the serum of patients with T2DM compared with healthy volunteers. TargetScan and a dual luciferase reporter gene system were used to predict and verify BAG5 as a target gene of miR-770-5p. Additionally, the RT-qPCR results demonstrated that miR-770-5p expression was significantly increased and BAG5 expression was significantly decreased in uric acid (UA)-treated Min6 cells compared with control cells. Min6 cells were transfected with miR-770-5p inhibitor and BAG5-small interfering (si)RNA to alter expression levels. The results indicated that miR-770-5p negatively regulated BAG5. The effect of miR-770-5p knockdown on UA-induced pancreatic β-cell damage and dysfunction was subsequently assessed. Min6 cells were transfected with miR-770-5p inhibitor or miR-770-5p inhibitor + BAG5-siRNA for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 mg/dl UA for 24 h. Cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-related factor expression levels and insulin secretion were assessed. The results demonstrated that UA treatment significantly reduced cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and reduced insulin secretion in Min6 cells compared with the control group. miR-770-5p inhibitor significantly attenuated UA-induced injury and dysfunction of Min6 cells, whereas BAG5 knockdown abolished the protective effects of miR-770-5p inhibitor on UA-damaged Min6 cells. In conclusion, miR-770-5p was highly expressed in the serum of patients with T2DM compared with healthy volunteers. In UA-treated pancreatic β-cells, compared with the inhibitor control group, miR-770-5p knockdown regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes, increased cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis and increased insulin secretion by targeting BAG5. Therefore, the present study suggested that miR-770-5p inhibitor may serve a protective role in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Huai'an People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jilou Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Huai'an People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Huai'an People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Huai'an People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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22
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Chen HY, Lin CH, Teng SC. Stress-induced p53 drives BAG5 cochaperone expression to control α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20702-20727. [PMID: 33085644 PMCID: PMC7655153 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with the pathological hallmark of α-synuclein aggregation. Dysregulation of α-synuclein homeostasis caused by aging, genetic, and environmental factors underlies the pathogenesis of PD. While chaperones are essential for proteostasis, whether modulation of cochaperones may participate in PD formation has not been fully characterized. Here, we assessed the expression of several HSP70- and HSP90-related factors under various stresses and found that BAG5 expression is distinctively elevated in etoposide- or H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Stress-induced p53 binds to the BAG5 promoter directly to stimulate BAG5. Induced BAG5 binds α-synuclein and HSP70 in both cell cultures and brain lysates from PD patients. Overexpressed BAG5 may result in the loss of its ability to promote HSP70. Importantly, α-synuclein aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells requires BAG5. BAG5 expression is also detected in transgenic SNCA mutant mice and in PD patients. Together, our data reveal stress-induced p53-BAG5-HSP70 regulation that provides a potential therapeutic angle for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Shi Z, Xu L, Xie H, Ouyang R, Ke Y, Zhou R, Yung WH. Attenuation of intermittent hypoxia-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues via suppression of ER stress activation. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32299413 PMCID: PMC7161195 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary tissues. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) is considered to be the primary player in OSA, but the mechanisms underlying its effect on pulmonary tissues are unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by IH treatment plays an important role in accelerating the process of fibrosis and induction of apoptosis. Methods Mice were placed in IH chambers for 4 weeks with an oscillating oxygen (O2) concentration between 5 and 21%, cycling every 90s for 8 h daily. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (normal oxygen), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) group (normal oxygen intraperitoneally injected with TUDCA), IH group and IH + TUDCA group. After 4 weeks, the proteins in three branch signaling pathways of ER stress, including protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like/Pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), were evaluated. The cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12 and TUNNEL staining was assessed. Furthermore, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and thrombospondin-1(TSP-1), two extracellular matrix proteins that play critical role in fibrosis, were examined. Finally, Masson’s trichrome staining was performed to detect the expression of collagen. Results After 4 weeks of IH treatment, the expressions of two ER stress markers, glucose regulated protein-78 (Grp78) and transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were increased which was prevented by administration of the ER stress attenuator, TUDCA. The expressions of PERK, but not those of ATF-6 and IRE-1, were increased. The effects of IH were accompanied by an increased number of apoptotic cells and increased expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-12 in pulmonary tissues. In addition, histological examination suggested the presence of fibrosis after chronic IH treatment, indicated by increased expression of collagen, which was associated with the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and TSP-1 that are known to promote fibrosis. Similarly, TUDCA could reduce the extent of fibrotic area and the expression levels of these proteins. Conclusions It reveals the roles of ER stress, especially the PERK pathway, in IH induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues that might underlie the pulmonary complications observed in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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24
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Sabirli R, Koseler A, Mansur N, Zeytunluoglu A, Sabirli GT, Turkcuer I, Kilic ID. Predictive Value of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers in Low Ejection Fractional Heart Failure. In Vivo 2020; 33:1581-1592. [PMID: 31471408 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart failure is a crucial health problem that affects 23 million people worldwide, causes approximately 2.4 million people to be hospitalized every year in the USA, and leads to the death of more than 300,000 people. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of ER stress markers and the predictive value of acute decompensated heart failure in patients with low ejection fraction heart failure (ADHF). PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective case control study. The data included laboratory parameters pertaining to patients with ADHF in the emergency service and lipid parameters obtained during their admission to the hospital. In addition, the same parameters obtained from the control group patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) during their routine polyclinic control were recorded in the data set. Admission time to the hospital and length of hospital stay were included in the data. The levels of glucose regulated protein (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in peripheral blood serum obtained from the patients and the control group were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS Serum GRP78 concentration was lower in the HF group (p=0.003) compared to the control. The median value of serum PERK concentration in the HF group was higher than that of the control group (573 pg/ml, IQR=477.5-650 vs. 495.5 pg/ml, IQR=294-648, respectively) (p=0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in GRP78 and PERK serum concentrations between ADHF and CHF subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed greater area under the curve (AUC) for the serum GRP78 levels of the healthy individuals (AUC=0.748, 95% CI=0.681-0.814, p=0.0003). The serum GRP78 level was found to be 80% sensitive and 70% specific at 147.5 pg/ml (p=0.0003) for distinguishing healthy individuals from HF patients. In the ADHF subgroup, there was a moderate correlation between hospitalization time and serum CHOP concentrations (Spearman rho=0.586 and p=0.001). CONCLUSION High GRP78 serum concentration may protect the patient from ER stress. In addition, the serum PERK level is high in patients with HF, whereas it is insufficient in predicting acute decompensation. CHOP may be useful in predicting the length of hospital stay in patients with ADHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Sabirli
- Servergazi State Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aylin Koseler
- Department of Biophysics, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nesteren Mansur
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zeytunluoglu
- Department of Electronic and Automation, Denizli Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim Turkcuer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ismail Dogu Kilic
- Department of Cardiology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
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25
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Lu J, Dou F, Yu Z. The potassium channel KCa3.1 represents a valid pharmacological target for microgliosis-induced neuronal impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:273. [PMID: 31878950 PMCID: PMC6931251 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies described a critical role for microglia in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where these central nerve system resident immune cells participate in the neuroinflammatory microenvironment that contributes to dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra. Understanding the phenotype switch of microgliosis in PD could help to identify the molecular mechanism which could attenuate or delay the progressive decline in motor function. KCa3.1 has been reported to regulate the “pro-inflammatory” phenotype switch of microglia in neurodegenerative pathological conditions. Methods We here investigated the effects of gene deletion or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 activity in wild-type or KCa3.1−/− mice after treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mouse model of PD. MPTP-induced PD mouse model was subjected to the rotarod test to evaluate the locomotor ability. Glia activation and neuron loss were measured by immunostaining. Fluo-4 AM was used to measure cytosolic Ca2+ level in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced microgliosis in vitro. Results We report that treatment of MPTP-induced PD mouse model with gene deletion or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 with senicapoc improves the locomotor ability and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron number and attenuates the microgliosis and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). KCa3.1 involves in store-operated Ca2+ entry-induced Ca2+ overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway during microgliosis. Gene deletion or blockade of KCa3.1 restored AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate a key role for KCa3.1 in driving a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangfang Dou
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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26
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De Snoo ML, Friesen EL, Zhang YT, Earnshaw R, Dorval G, Kapadia M, O'Hara DM, Agapova V, Chau H, Pellerito O, Tang MY, Wang X, Schmitt-Ulms G, Durcan TM, Fon EA, Kalia LV, Kalia SK. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) regulates Parkin-dependent mitophagy and cell death. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:907. [PMID: 31787745 PMCID: PMC6885512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As pathogenic Parkin mutations result in the defective clearance of damaged mitochondria, Parkin-dependent mitophagy is thought to be protective against the dopaminergic neurodegeneration observed in Parkinson’s disease. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that Parkin can promote cell death in the context of severe mitochondrial damage by degrading the pro-survival Bcl-2 family member, Mcl-1. Therefore, Parkin may act as a ‘switch’ that can shift the balance between protective or pro-death pathways depending on the degree of mitochondrial damage. Here, we report that the Parkin interacting protein, Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), impairs mitophagy by suppressing Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria and reducing the movement of damaged mitochondria into the lysosomes. BAG5 also enhanced Parkin-mediated Mcl-1 degradation and cell death following severe mitochondrial insult. These results suggest that BAG5 may regulate the bi-modal activity of Parkin, promoting cell death by suppressing Parkin-dependent mitophagy and enhancing Parkin-mediated Mcl-1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L De Snoo
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erik L Friesen
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Tong Zhang
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Earnshaw
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geneviève Dorval
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Minesh Kapadia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darren M O'Hara
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Agapova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hien Chau
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ornella Pellerito
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Y Tang
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Xue RQ, Zhao M, Wu Q, Yang S, Cui YL, Yu XJ, Liu J, Zang WJ. Regulation of mitochondrial cristae remodelling by acetylcholine alleviates palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:103-117. [PMID: 31553938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with obesity-induced cardiac remodelling. Recent research suggests that the cristae are the true bioenergetic components of cells. Acetylcholine (ACh), the major neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve, exerts cardio-protective effects against ischaemia. This study investigated the role of cristae remodelling in palmitate (PA)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the beneficial effects of ACh. We found loose, fragmented and even lysed cristae in PA-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes along with declines in mitochondrial network and complex expression and overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS); these changes ultimately resulted in increased myocardial size. Overexpression of mitofilin by adenoviral infection partly improved cristae shape, mitochondrial network, and ATP content and attenuated cell hypertrophy. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) silencing increased the number of cristae with a balloon-like morphology without disturbing mitofilin expression. Furthermore, AMPK knockdown abolished the effects of mitofilin overexpression on cristae remodelling and inhibited the interaction of mitofilin with sorting and assembly machinery 50 (Sam50) and coiled-coil helix coiled-coil helix domain-containing protein 3 (CHCHD3), two core components of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. Intriguingly, ACh upregulated mitofilin expression and AMPK phosphorylation via the muscarinic ACh receptor (MAChR). Moreover, ACh enhanced protein-protein interactions between mitofilin and other components of the MICOS complex, thereby preventing PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; however, these effects were abolished by AMPK silencing. Taken together, our data suggest that ACh improves cristae remodelling to defend against PA-induced myocardial hypertrophy, presumably by increasing mitofilin expression and activating AMPK to form the MICOS complex through MAChR. These results suggest new and promising therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria to prevent lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technol, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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28
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Liang S, Wang F, Bao C, Han J, Guo Y, Liu F, Zhang Y. BAG2 ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages through selective autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 16:1453-1467. [PMID: 31711362 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1687214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BAG2 (BCL2 associated athanogene 2) is associated with cell fate determination in response to various pathological conditions. However, the effects of BAG2 on M. tuberculosis-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remain elusive. Herein, we report that M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages triggered ER stress and downregulated BAG2 expression. Overexpression of BAG2 enhanced autophagic flux and activated macroautophagy/autophagy targeted to the ER (reticulophagy). In addition, through increasingly localizing SQSTM1 to the ER in BAG2-overexpressing macrophages, we found that the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is associated with the BAG2-induced reticulophagy. Our data also confirmed that BAG2 could render cells resistant to M. tuberculosis-induced cellular damage, and the anti-apoptotic effects of BAG2 in M. tuberculosis-treated macrophages were partially abolished by the autophagic flux inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, the dissociation of BECN1 and BCL2 mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was responsible for BAG2-activated autophagy. In addition, XBP1 downstream of the ERN1/IRE1 signaling pathway was bound to the Bag2 promoter region and transcriptionally inhibited BAG2 expression. Collectively, these results indicated that BAG2 has anti-apoptotic effects on M. tuberculosis-induced ER stress, which is dependent on the promotion of autophagic flux and the induction of selective autophagy. We revealed a potential host defense mechanism that links BAG2 to ER stress and autophagy during M. tuberculosis infection. ABBREVIATIONS ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; BECN1: beclin 1; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CASP3: caspase 3; DDIT3/CHOP/GADD153: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; HSPA5/GRP78/BiP: heat shock protein 5; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UPR: unfolded protein response; XBP1: x-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fayang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Wei W, Peng J, Li J. Curcumin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced myocardial injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4821-4830. [PMID: 31638219 PMCID: PMC6854596 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) has been reported to function as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and to play a role in anti-atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of Cur on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. The morphological changes in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were observed under an inverted microscope. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by corresponding kits. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors, which were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis, included 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Extracellular signal regulating kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and the phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were all determined by western blot analysis. Compared to the control group, the cell morphology of the H9c2 cells was obviously altered upon H/R. Cell viability was significantly decreased, while apoptosis was significantly increased by H/R. We also observed that the levels of LDH and MDA were elevated and the activity of SOD was decreased in the H/R group. Notably, LDH, MDA and SOD levels were reversed following treatment with Cur; while apoptosis and ROS levels in the H/R injury group were decreased by Cur. H/R injury-triggered ER stress and the MAPK signaling pathway were suppressed by Cur. These results demonstrated that Cur has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes via suppression of ER stress and the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
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Xiaohong W, Jun Z, Hongmei G, Fan Q. CFLAR is a critical regulator of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through regulating inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Tahrir FG, Gordon J, Feldman AM, Cheung J, Khalili K, Ahooyi TM. Evidence for the impact of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity of primary culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18371-18381. [PMID: 30932190 PMCID: PMC6830737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of proteins involved in contractility of individual cardiomyocytes and those coupling adjacent cells is of critical importance as any abnormalities in cardiac electrical conduction may result in cardiac irregular activity and heart failure. Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a stress-induced protein whose role in stabilizing myofibril proteins as well as protein quality control pathways, especially in the cardiac tissue, has captured much attention. Mutations of BAG3 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications such as dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, we have used an in vitro model of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to investigate potential impacts of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity by employing the microelectrode array (MEA) technology. Our MEA data showed that BAG3 plays an important role in the cardiac signal generation as reduced levels of BAG3 led to lower signal frequency and amplitude. Our analysis also revealed that BAG3 is essential to the signal propagation throughout the myocardium, as the MEA data-based conduction velocity, connectivity degree, activation time, and synchrony were adversely affected by BAG3 knockdown. Moreover, BAG3 deficiency was demonstrated to be connected with the emergence of independently beating clusters of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, BAG3 overexpression improved the activity of cardiomyocytes in terms of electrical signal amplitude and connectivity degree. Overall, by providing more in-depth analyses and characterization of electrophysiological parameters, this study reveals that BAG3 is of critical importance for electrical activity of neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G. Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ghasemi Tahrir F, Gupta M, Myers V, Gordon J, Cheung JY, Feldman AM, Khalili K. Role of Bcl2-associated Athanogene 3 in Turnover of Gap Junction Protein, Connexin 43, in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7658. [PMID: 31114002 PMCID: PMC6529437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Any pathological stress that impairs expression, turnover and phosphorylation of connexin 43 (Cx43), one of the major proteins of gap junctions, can adversely impact myocardial cell behavior, thus leading to the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Our results in primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) show that impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway dysregulates degradation of Cx43, either by inhibiting lysosomal activity or suppressing the level of Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a stress-induced pleiotropic protein that is involved in protein quality control (PQC) via the autophagy pathway. Inhibition of lysosomal activity leads to the accumulation of Cx43 aggregates and suppression of BAG3 significantly diminished turnover of Cx43. In addition, knock-down of BAG3 reduced the levels of Cx43 by dysregulating Cx43 protein stability. Under stress conditions, expression of BAG3 affected the state of Cx43 phosphorylation and its degradation. Furthermore, we found that BAG3 co-localized with the cytoskeleton protein, α-Tubulin, and depolymerization of α-Tubulin led to the intracellular accumulation of Cx43. These observations ascribe a novel function for BAG3 that involves control of Cx43 turnover under normal and stress conditions and potentially for optimizing communication of cardiac muscle cells through gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghasemi Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie Myers
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Deng T, Wang Y, Wang C, Yan H. FABP4 silencing ameliorates hypoxia reoxygenation injury through the attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Life Sci 2019; 224:149-156. [PMID: 30904493 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis play a vital role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) may induce ER stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and effect of FABP4 on IR injury in vitro. Rat H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) to create an IR model in vitro. FABP4 was overexpressed in HR-injured H9c2 cells. Transfection with FABP4 siRNA increased cell viability and decreased LDH upon HR stimulation. FABP4 cessation also suppressed apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity after HR. Downregulation of FABP4 significantly inhibited ER stress by decreasing the protein expression of p-PERK, GRP78, and ATF6. FABP4 silencing also restrained the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by decreased pro-apoptotic proteins p-JNK, CHOP, Bax, and caspase-12, as well as upregulation of Bcl-2 during HR. Furthermore, FABP4 silencing activated the PI3K/Akt pathway. Blocking this pathway by the specific PI3K inhibitor-LY294002 restored HR-induced ER stress and subsequently reversed the protective effect of FABP4 silencing on HR injury. Taken together, our findings revealed that FABP4 silencing exerts protective effects against HR injury in H9c2 cells through inhibiting ER stress-induced cell apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Geriatrcs, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
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Coliva G, Duarte S, Pérez-Sala D, Fedorova M. Impact of inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway on biomolecules carbonylation and proteome regulation in rat cardiac cells. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101123. [PMID: 30737170 PMCID: PMC6859560 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells employ multiple defence mechanisms to sustain a wide range of stress conditions associated with accumulation of modified self-biomolecules leading to lipo- and proteotoxicity. One of such mechanisms involves activation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway for removal and degradation of modified lipids, proteins and even organelles. Biomolecules carbonylation, an irreversible oxidative modification, occurs in a variety of pathological conditions and is generally viewed as a marker of oxidative stress. Here, we used a model of rat primary cardiac cells to elucidate the role of autophagy-lysosomal pathway in the turnover of carbonylated biomolecules. Cells treated with inhibitors of autophagy-lysosomal degradation and primed with a short pulse of mild nitroxidative stress were studied using fluorescent microscopy and accumulation of carbonylated biomolecules in droplets- or vesicle-like structures was observed. Furthermore, systems-wide analysis of proteome regulation using relative label free quantification approach revealed the most significant alterations in cells treated with protease inhibitors. Interestingly, down-regulation of insulin signalling was among the most enriched pathway, as revealed by functional annotation of regulated proteins. Starvation induced autophagy promotes cellular carbonylation. Inhibition of autophagy-lysosomal flux leads to carbonyls accumulation. Cellular carbonyls coincide with Nile Red positive structures. Inhibition of autophagy-lysosomal flux induces proteome alterations. Impairment of autophagy-lysosomal flux results in changes in metabolic and nutrient sensing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coliva
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hu H, Tian M, Ding C, Yu S. The C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Transcription Factor Functions in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Microbial Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3083. [PMID: 30662442 PMCID: PMC6328441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of cell death by which the body maintains the homeostasis of the internal environment. Apoptosis is an initiative cell death process that is controlled by genes and is mainly divided into endogenous pathways (mitochondrial pathway), exogenous pathways (death receptor pathway), and apoptotic pathways induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The homeostasis imbalance in ER results in ER stress. Under specific conditions, ER stress can be beneficial to the body; however, if ER protein homeostasis is not restored, the prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response may initiate apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). CHOP plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and this review focuses on its multifunctional roles in that process, as well as its role in apoptosis during microbial infection. We summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of CHOP in ER stress induced apoptosis. We also focus on the newest discoveries in the functions of CHOP-induced apoptosis during microbial infection, including DNA and RNA viruses and some species of bacteria. Understanding how CHOP functions during microbial infection will assist with the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ardic S, Yilmaz S, Demir S, Dogramaci S, Altuntas G, Imamoglu M, Mentese A, Turedi S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers are of no value in predicting cardiopulmonary resuscitation success and survival in out-of hospital cardiac arrest: A nested case-control study. Turk J Emerg Med 2019; 19:58-63. [PMID: 31065605 PMCID: PMC6495064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjem.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and PERK in predicting the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or post-CPR survival. Materials and Methods Non-traumatic out-of-hospital CA patients were included in this prospective, nested case-control study. Standard CPR and post-resuscitative care were applied. Levels of ER stress markers were measured at presentation and were investigated to determine whether they might constitute a marker predicting return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or sustained ROSC, and of 24-h, and 1 and 3-month survival. Results Fifty-two out of 99 non-traumatic CA patients were enrolled. ROSC was determined at a level of 25%, sustained ROSC at 23%, 24-h survival at 7%, and 1- and 3-month survival at 4.6%. No difference was determined in terms of ER stress markers between patients with and without ROSC or sustained ROSC. Only PERK levels were higher in surviving patients than non-surviving subjects in terms of 24-h survival (p = 0.01). Otherwise, no stress markers differed between surviving and non-surviving patients at any survival time point. Conclusion ER stress markers are of no value in determining establishment of ROSC or sustained ROSC, success of CPR, or survival. Only PERK levels may be valuable in terms of 24-h survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Ardic
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sertac Yilmaz
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seniz Dogramaci
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Altuntas
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Melih Imamoglu
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Karadeniz Technical University, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Turedi
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Yu Z, Dou F, Wang Y, Hou L, Chen H. Ca 2+-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress correlation with astrogliosis involves upregulation of KCa3.1 and inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:316. [PMID: 30442153 PMCID: PMC6236981 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 was recently shown to control the phenotype switch of reactive astrogliosis (RA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS KCa3.1 channels expression and cell localization in the brains of AD patients and APP/PS1 mice model were measured by immunoblotting and immunostaining. APP/PS1 mice and KCa3.1-/-/APP/PS1 mice were subjected to Morris water maze test to evaluate the spatial memory deficits. Glia activation and neuron loss was measured by immunostaining. Fluo-4AM was used to measure cytosolic Ca2+ level in β-amyloid (Aβ) induced reactive astrocytes in vitro. RESULTS KCa3.1 expression was markedly associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in both Aβ-stimulated primary astrocytes and brain lysates of AD patients and APP/PS1 AD mice. The KCa3.1 channel was shown to regulate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through an interaction with the Ca2+ channel Orai1 in primary astrocytes. Gene deletion or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 protected against SOCE-induced Ca2+ overload and ER stress via the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in astrocytes. Importantly, gene deletion or blockade of KCa3.1 restored AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling both in vivo and in vitro. Consistent with these in vitro data, expression levels of the ER stress markers 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, as well as that of the RA marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were increased in APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Elimination of KCa3.1 in KCa3.1-/-/APP/PS1 mice corrected these abnormal responses. Moreover, glial activation and neuroinflammation were attenuated in the hippocampi of KCa3.1-/-/APP/PS1 mice, as compared with APP/PS1 mice. In addition, memory deficits and neuronal loss in APP/PS1 mice were reversed in KCa3.1-/-/APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that KCa3.1 is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in astrocytes and attenuation of the UPR and ER stress, thus contributing to memory deficits and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Fangfang Dou
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Ahn N, Koh J, Kim K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Training Effects in Aging and Obesity. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Liao Y, Chen K, Dong X, Li W, Li G, Huang G, Song W, Chen L, Fang Y. Berberine inhibits cardiac remodeling of heart failure after myocardial infarction by reducing myocardial cell apoptosis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2499-2505. [PMID: 30186485 PMCID: PMC6122433 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of berberine on cardiac function of heart failure after myocardial infarction and its possible mechanism were investigated. The anterior descending branches of 50 female Wistar rats were ligatured to establish the model of heart failure after myocardial infarction. At 4 weeks after successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into two groups receiving 4-week gavage with saline (Sal group) and berberine (Ber group), while the sham-operation group (Sham group) was set up. After 4 weeks, the hemodynamics and serum BNP in rats were measured. The hearts of rats were taken to detect the degree of myocardial fibrosis. The myocardial cell apoptosis was detected. The expressions and changes in myocardial apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3, were detected. The expression and changes in GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in myocardial tissue were detected. The results showed that Berberine improved the cardiac function of rats after myocardial infarction. After myocardial infarction, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed around the infarction area, berberine improved the myocardial fibrosis and reduced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, berberine alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) after myocardial infarction. In conclusion, Berberine can inhibit the myocardium cell apoptosis of heart failure after myocardial infarction, and its mechanism may be realized by affecting the ERS in myocardial tissue of heart failure after myocardial infarction and CHOP and caspase-12 apoptotic signaling pathway, upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression and downregulating caspase-3 expression, thus inhibiting the cardiac remodeling and protecting the cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Kaihong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Xingmo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Ganyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Liling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
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Hutt DM, Mishra SK, Roth DM, Larsen MB, Angles F, Frizzell RA, Balch WE. Silencing of the Hsp70-specific nucleotide-exchange factor BAG3 corrects the F508del-CFTR variant by restoring autophagy. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13682-13695. [PMID: 29986884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein chaperones heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Hsp90 are required for de novo folding of proteins and protect against misfolding-related cellular stresses by directing misfolded or slowly folding proteins to the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) or autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathways. Here, we examined the role of the Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG) family of Hsp70-specific nucleotide-exchange factors in the biogenesis and functional correction of genetic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) whose mutations cause cystic fibrosis (CF). We show that siRNA-mediated silencing of BAG1 and -3, two BAG members linked to the clearance of misfolded proteins via the UPS and autophagy pathways, respectively, leads to functional correction of F508del-CFTR and other disease-associated CFTR variants. BAG3 silencing was the most effective, leading to improved F508del-CFTR stability, trafficking, and restoration of cell-surface function, both alone and in combination with the FDA-approved CFTR corrector, VX-809. We also found that the BAG3 silencing-mediated correction of F508del-CFTR restores the autophagy pathway, which is defective in F508del-CFTR-expressing cells, likely because of the maladaptive stress response in CF pathophysiology. These results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the cellular chaperone system to improve the functional folding of CFTR variants contributing to CF and possibly other protein-misfolding-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Hutt
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mishra
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Daniela Martino Roth
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Mads Breum Larsen
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Frédéric Angles
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - William E Balch
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
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Kim DS, Anantharam P, Hoffmann A, Meade ML, Grobe N, Gearhart JM, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Rumbeiha WK. Broad spectrum proteomics analysis of the inferior colliculus following acute hydrogen sulfide exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:28-42. [PMID: 29932956 PMCID: PMC6422160 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to high concentrations of H2S causes severe brain injury and long-term neurological disorders, but the mechanisms involved are not known. To better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acute H2S-induced neurodegeneration we used a broad-spectrum proteomic analysis approach to identify key molecules and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Mice were subjected to acute inhalation exposure of up to750 ppm of H2S. H2S induced behavioral deficits and severe lesions including hemorrhage in the inferior colliculus (IC). The IC was microdissected for proteomic analysis. Tandem mass tags (TMT) liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative proteomics was applied for protein identification and quantitation. LC-MS/MS identified 598, 562, and 546 altered proteomic changes at 2 h, and on days 2 and 4 post-H2S exposure, respectively. Of these, 77 proteomic changes were statistically significant at any of the 3 time points. Mass spectrometry data were subjected to Perseus 1.5.5.3 statistical analysis, and gene ontology heat map clustering. Expressions of several key molecules were verified to confirm H2S-dependent proteomics changes. Webgestalt pathway overrepresentation enrichment analysis with Panther engine revealed H2S exposure disrupted several biological processes including metabotropic glutamate receptor group 1 and inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways among others. Further analysis showed that energy metabolism, integrity of blood-brain barrier, hypoxic, and oxidative stress signaling pathways were also implicated. Collectively, this broad-spectrum proteomics data has provided important clues to follow up in future studies to further elucidate mechanisms of H2S-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Kim
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Poojya Anantharam
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Henry M Jackson Foundation on contract 711HPW/USAFSAM/FHOF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Nadja Grobe
- 711HPW/RHDJ, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery M Gearhart
- Henry M Jackson Foundation on contract 711HPW/USAFSAM/FHOF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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42
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Yu Z, Yi M, Wei T, Gao X, Chen H. KCa3.1 Inhibition Switches the Astrocyte Phenotype during Astrogliosis Associated with Ischemic Stroke Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:319. [PMID: 29075181 PMCID: PMC5643415 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating neurological disease that can initiate a phenotype switch in astrocytes. Reactive astrogliosis is a significant pathological feature of ischemic stroke and is accompanied by changes in gene expression, hypertrophied processes and proliferation. The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 has been shown to contribute to astrogliosis-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We here present evidence, from both astrocytes subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and from the brains of mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), that KCa3.1 represents a valid pharmacological target for modulation of astrocyte phenotype during astrogliosis caused by ischemic stroke. In the primary cultured astrocytes, OGD led to increased expression of KCa3.1, which was associated with upregulation of the astrogliosis marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KCa3.1 suppressed OGD-induced up-regulation of GFAP, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and phosphorylated eIF-2α through the c-Jun/JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We next investigated the effect of genetic deletion of KCa3.1 in the pMCAO mouse model. KCa3.1 deficiency also attenuated ER stress and astrogliosis through c-Jun/JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways following pMCAO in KCa3.1−/− mice. Our data suggest that blockade of KCa3.1 might represent a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengni Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Gupta MK, Kaminski R, Mullen B, Gordon J, Burdo TH, Cheung JY, Feldman AM, Madesh M, Khalili K. HIV-1 Nef-induced cardiotoxicity through dysregulation of autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8572. [PMID: 28819214 PMCID: PMC5561171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of co-morbidity in HIV-1 positive patients, even those in whom plasma virus levels are well-controlled. The pathogenic mechanism of HIV-1-associated cardiomyopathy is unknown, but has been presumed to be mediated indirectly, owing to the absence of productive HIV-1 replication in cardiomyocytes. We sought to investigate the effect of the HIV-1 auxiliary protein, Nef, which is suspected of extracellular release by infected CD4+ T cells on protein quality control and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. After detection of Nef in the serum of HIV-1 positive patients and the accumulation of this protein in human and primate heart tissue from HIV-1/SIV-infected cells we employed cell and molecular biology approaches to investigate the effect of Nef on cardiomyocyte-homeostasis by concentrating on protein quality control (PQC) pathway and autophagy. We found that HIV-1 Nef-mediated inhibition of autophagy flux leads to cytotoxicity and death of cardiomyocytes. Nef compromises autophagy at the maturation stage of autophagosomes by interacting with Beclin 1/Rab7 and dysregulating TFEB localization and cellular lysosome content. These effects were reversed by rapamycin treatment. Our results indicate that HIV-1 Nef-mediated inhibition of cellular PQC is one possible mechanism involved in the development of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Mullen
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Tahrir FG, Shanmughapriya S, Ahooyi TM, Knezevic T, Gupta MK, Kontos CD, McClung JM, Madesh M, Gordon J, Feldman AM, Cheung JY, Khalili K. Dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control by HIV-1 Tat in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:748-758. [PMID: 28493473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients, even in those whose viral loads are well controlled with antiretroviral therapy. However, the underlying molecular events responsible for the development of cardiac disease in the setting of HIV remain unknown. The HIV-encoded Tat protein plays a critical role in the activation of HIV gene expression and profoundly impacts homeostasis in both HIV-infected cells and uninfected cells that have taken up released Tat via a bystander effect. Since cardiomyocyte function, including excitation-contraction coupling, greatly depends on energy provided by the mitochondria, in this study, we performed a series of experiments to assess the impact of Tat on mitochondrial function and bioenergetics pathways in a primary cell culture model derived from neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs). Our results show that the presence of Tat in cardiomyocytes is accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation, a decline in the levels of ATP, and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tat impairs the uptake of mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]m ) and the electrophysiological activity of cardiomyocytes. Tat also affects the protein clearance pathway and autophagy in cardiomyocytes under stress due to hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions. A reduction in the level of ubiquitin along with dysregulated degradation of autophagy proteins including SQSTM1/p62 and a reduction of LC3 II were detected in cardiomyocytes harboring Tat. These results suggest that, by targeting mitochondria and protein quality control, Tat significantly impacts bioenergetics and autophagy resulting in dysregulation of cardiomyocyte health and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tijana Knezevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish K Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher D Kontos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Tahrir FG, Knezevic T, Gupta MK, Gordon J, Cheung JY, Feldman AM, Khalili K. Evidence for the Role of BAG3 in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:797-805. [PMID: 27381181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities impact the development of myofibrillar myopathies. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria from cells is of great importance toward understanding the molecular events involved in the genesis of cardiomyopathy. Earlier studies have ascribed a role for BAG3 in the development of cardiomyopathy in experimental animals leading to the identification of BAG3 mutations in patients with heart failure which may play a part in the onset of disease development and progression. BAG3 is co-chaperone of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which has been shown to modulate apoptosis and autophagy, in several cell models. In this study, we explore the potential role of BAG3 in mitochondrial quality control. We demonstrate that siRNA mediated suppression of BAG3 production in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) significantly elevates the level of Parkin, a key component of mitophagy. We found that both BAG3 and Parkin are recruited to depolarized mitochondria and promote mitophagy. Suppression of BAG3 in NRVCs significantly reduces autophagy flux and eliminates clearance of Tom20, an essential import receptor for mitochondria proteins, after induction of mitophagy. These observations suggest that BAG3 is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis under stress conditions, and disruptions in BAG3 expression impact cardiomyocyte function. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 797-805, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tijana Knezevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish K Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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46
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Fenofibrate improves high-fat diet-induced and palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2016; 157:158-167. [PMID: 27297630 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fenofibrate (FF) is commonly used clinically as a lipid-lowering drug, but whether it participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and decreases inflammation in skeletal muscle is still unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether FF treatment reduces insulin resistance (IR) by alleviating ER stress and downstream inflammation in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. MAIN METHODS Female SD rats were randomly divided into groups receiving the standard chow diet (SCD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus FF (HFD+FF). The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to a standard HFD for 20weeks, then the HFD+FF rats were administered FF (30mg/kg once daily via gavage) for another 8weeks. Whole-body IR, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), ER stress-related genes, and inflammatory genes in the soleus muscle were assessed. The differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitic acid or pretreated with fenofibric acid or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), etomoxir, and the expression of ER stress, beta-oxidation-related genes, inflammatory genes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and insulin-signaling-related molecules were determined. KEY FINDINGS Eight weeks of FF treatment attenuated HFD-induced IR by decreased tribbles 3 (TRB3) expression, ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. FA pretreatment markedly inverted the PA-induced expression of TLR4 and downstream inflammatory genes, activated ER stress, improved β-oxidation and insulin signaling in differentiated myotube cells. SIGNIFICANCE FF treatment significantly improved HFD-induced IR in skeletal muscle and PA-induced IR in myotube cells, which may be related to reduced ER stress-induced inflammation.
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