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Ciardullo G, Orlando C, Russo N, Marchese E, Galano A, Marino T, Prejanò M. On the dual role of (+)-catechin as primary antioxidant and inhibitor of viral proteases. Comput Biol Med 2024; 180:108953. [PMID: 39089115 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have become the subject of many investigations due to the role that they play in the reduction of oxidative stress. Their main scavenging mechanisms concern the direct inactivation of free radicals and the coordination of metal ions involved in Fenton-like reactions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to non-covalent inhibition of enzymes involved in different diseases by the antioxidants. Here, a computational investigation on the primary antioxidant power of (+)-catechin against the •OOH radical has been performed in both lipid-like and aqueous environments, taking into account the relevant species present in the simulated acid-base equilibria at the physiological pH. Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Single Electron Transfer (SET), and Radical Adduct Formation (RAF) mechanisms were studied, and relative rate constants were estimated. The potential inhibitory activity of the (+)-catechin towards the most important proteases from SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like (Mpro) and papain-like (PLpro) proteases was also investigated by MD simulations to provide deeper atomistic insights on the binding sites. Based on the antioxidant and antiviral properties also unravelled by comparison with other molecules having similar chemical scaffold, our results propose that (+)-CTc satisfies can explicate a dual action as antioxidant and antiviral in particular versus Mpro from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ciardullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Carla Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, 09310, Mexico
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy.
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, (CS), Italy
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2
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Nguyen TQ, Mechler A, Vo QV. Computational assessment of the radical scavenging activity of cleomiscosin. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23629-23637. [PMID: 39077313 PMCID: PMC11284531 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarinolignans such as cleomiscosin A (CMA), cleomiscosin B (CMB), and cleomiscosin C (CMC) are secondary metabolites that were isolated from diverse plant species. Cleomiscosins (CMs) have numerous interesting biological activities, including noteworthy cytotoxicity of cancer cell lines along with hepatoprotective and assumed antioxidant activities. In this present study, the antioxidant properties of three cleomiscosins were investigated with a focus on the structure-activity relationship using thermodynamic and kinetic calculations with the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) method. The results show that CMs, including CMA, CMB, and CMC, are weak antioxidants in apolar environments, with k overall of 7.52 × 102 to 6.28 × 104 M-1 s-1 for the HOO˙ radical scavenging reaction in the gas phase and 3.47 × 102 to 6.44 × 104 M-1 s-1 in pentyl ethanoate. Remarkably, the difference in the fusion of phenylpropanoid structure with coumarin via two ortho-hydroxyl groups (CMA and CMB) does not cause any noticeable effect on their antioxidant activity, while the presence of a methoxy substitute on the aromatic ring of phenylpropanoid units (CMC) increases the reaction rate to about 61 to 84 times faster than that of CMA. In contrast, the studied CMs exhibit a good antioxidant capacity in polar environments, with a k overall range from 4.03 × 107 to 8.66 × 107 M-1 s-1, 102-103 times faster than that of Trolox, equal to that of ascorbic acid and resveratrol. The angular fusion of the phenylpropanoid and coumarin structures, as well as the methoxy substitution on the aromatic ring of the phenylpropanoid unit of the studied CMs, do not have any considerable effect on their antioxidant activity under the studied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Quang Nguyen
- The University of Danang - University of Science and Education Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
- Quality Assurance and Testing Center 2 Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Quan V Vo
- Faculty of Chemical Technology - Environment, The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
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3
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Nuha D, Evren AE, Özkan BNS, Gundogdu-Karaburun N, Karaburun AÇ. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling simulations of new phthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400067. [PMID: 38967191 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of targeted phthalazine-1,4-dione acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease involved the synthesis of 32 compounds via a multistage process. Various analytical techniques confirmed the compounds' identities. Thirteen compounds were found to inhibit AChE by more than 50% without affecting butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among these, three compounds, 8m, 8n, and 8p, exhibited extraordinary activity similar to donepezil, a reference AChE inhibitor. During enzyme kinetic studies, compound 8n, displaying the highest AChE inhibitory activity, underwent evaluation at three concentrations (2 × IC50, IC50, and IC50/2). Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated mixed inhibition activity for compound 8n against AChE, suggesting a combination of competitive and noncompetitive characteristics. Additionally, effective derivatives 8m, 8n, and 8p exhibited high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay tests. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind to the enzyme's active site residues in a position similar to donepezil. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand system, and the chemical reactivity characteristics of the compounds were investigated using density functional theory. The compounds' wide energy gaps suggest stability and therapeutic potential. This research represents a significant step toward finding a potential cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, further research and testing are required to determine the compounds' safety and efficacy. The unique structure of phthalazine derivatives makes them suitable for various biological activities, and these compounds show promise for developing effective drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the development of these targeted compounds is a crucial advancement in the search for an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demokrat Nuha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Business and Technology, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | | | - Nalan Gundogdu-Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çagri Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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4
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Spiegel M. Unveiling the Antioxidative Potential of Galangin: Complete and Detailed Mechanistic Insights through Density Functional Theory Studies. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8676-8690. [PMID: 38861646 PMCID: PMC11197094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive quantum mechanical investigation delved into the antioxidative activity of galangin (Glg). Thermochemical and kinetic data were used to assess antiradical, chelating, and renewal potential under physiological conditions. A brief comparison with reference antioxidants and other flavonoids characterized Glg as a moderate antioxidative agent. The substance showed significantly lower performance in lipid compared to aqueous solvent─the reaction rates for scavenging •OOH in both media were established at 3.77 × 103 M-1 s-1 and 6.21 × 104 M-1 s-1, respectively, accounting for the molar fraction of both interacting molecules at the given pH. The impact of pH value on the kinetics was assessed. Although efficient at chelating Cu(II) ions, the formed complexes can still undergo the Fenton reaction. On the other hand, they persistently scavenge •OH in statu nascendi. The flavonoid effectively repairs oxidatively damaged biomolecules except model lipid acids. All Glg radicals are readily restored by physiologically prevailing O2•-. Given this, the polyphenol is expected to participate in antiradical and regenerating activities multiple times, amplifying its antioxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Organic Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Hachemaoui S, Ardjani TEA, Brahim H, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Radical scavenging activity of bromophenol analogs: analysis of kinetics and mechanisms. J Mol Model 2024; 30:205. [PMID: 38867098 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This theoretical study explores the antioxidant activity of five bromophenol analogs, with a particular focus on their interaction with different solvent environments of varying polarities. Key findings include the correlation between increased solvent polarity and enhanced antioxidant activity of these analogs, comparable in some instances to ascorbic acid. Notably, compound 5, developed by our research team, demonstrates superior antioxidant activity in both lipid and aqueous solutions, surpassing that of ascorbic acid and other tested analogs. This research contributes to the understanding of bromophenol analogs, presenting the first known kinetic and chemical stability data such as rate constants, pKa values, and branching ratios for reactions with the methylperoxyl radical (CH3OO•). METHODS The computational analyses were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software suite at the M05-2X/6-31 + G(d) computational level. These analyses employed conventional transition state theory to account for various potential mechanisms and effects of solvent polarity on the antioxidant activities of bromophenol analogs. The study meticulously calculated enthalpy under standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 atm) with necessary thermodynamic corrections. Additionally, the Quantum Mechanics-based Test for Overall Radical Scavenging Activity (QMORSA) protocol guided the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of the antioxidant potential of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slemet Hachemaoui
- Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Saida, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria
| | - Taki Eddine Ahmed Ardjani
- Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Saida, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria.
| | - Houari Brahim
- Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Saida, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria
| | - Juan Raul Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Física y Química Teorica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F.04510, Mexico, Mexico
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6
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Ritacca AG, Prejanò M, Alberto ME, Marino T, Toscano M, Russo N. On the antibacterial photodynamic inactivation mechanism of Emodin and Dermocybin natural photosensitizers: A theoretical investigation. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1254-1260. [PMID: 38351736 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A DFT and TDDFT study has been carried out on monomeric anthraquinones Emodin and Dermocybin (Em, Derm) recently proposed as natural antibacterial photosensitizers able to act also against gram-negative microbes. The computational study has been performed considering the relative amount of neutral and ionic forms of each compound in water, with the variation of pH. The occurrence of both Type I and Type II photoreactions has been explored computing the absorption properties of each species, the spin-orbit coupling constants (SOC), the vertical ionization potentials and the vertical electron affinities. The most plausible deactivation channels leading to the population of excited triplet states have been proposed. Our data indicate Emodin as more active than Dermocybin in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy throughout the Type II mechanism. Our data support a dual TypeI/II activity of the monomeric anthraquinones Emodin and Dermccybin in water, in all the considered protonation states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marta Erminia Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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7
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Quy Huong D, Nam PC, Quang DT, Ngo ST, Duong T, Tam NM. Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Triazole-3-Thiol: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24071-24081. [PMID: 38854538 PMCID: PMC11154933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An assessment of the free radical scavenging potential of 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (AT) and 4-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (AP) involved a combination of experimental methodologies and theoretical calculations. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, AT exhibited an heightened efficacy in scavenging DPPH• radicals compared to AP. This was evidenced by the notably lower IC50DPPH value observed for AT (1.3 × 10-3 ± 0.2 × 10-3 M) in comparison to AP (2.2 × 10-3 ± 0.1 × 10-3 M). Similarly, in the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS• +) test, AT exhibited superior ability in neutralizing ABTS•+ free radical cations compared to AP, with the computed IC50ABTS values of 4.7 × 10-5 ± 0.1 × 10-5 M for AT and 5.5 × 10-5 ± 0.2 × 10-5 M for AP. Density functional theory served as the tool for evaluating the correlation between structural attributes and the antioxidant efficacy of the studied molecules. The findings highlighted the flexibility of hydrogen atoms within NH and NH2 groups to nucleophilic attacks, indicative of their pivotal role in the scavenging mechanism. Furthermore, investigations into the interactions between AT and AP with the free radical HOO• revealed predominantly the reaction via the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. Both experimental observations and theoretical deductions collectively affirmed AT's superior free radical scavenging ability over AP in the gas phase and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Quy Huong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Danang − University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72195, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72195, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Faculty
of Basic Sciences, University of Phan Thiet, 225 Nguyen Thong, Phan Thiet City 77000, Viet Nam
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8
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Milanović Ž. Exploring enzyme inhibition and comprehensive mechanisms of antioxidant/prooxidative activity of natural furanocoumarin derivatives: A comparative kinetic DFT study. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111034. [PMID: 38723799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and prooxidative activity of two natural furanocoumarin derivatives, Bergaptol (4-Hydroxy-7H-furo [3,2-g] [1]benzopyran-7-one, BER) and Xanthotoxol (9-Hydroxy-7H-furo [3,2-g] [1]benzopyran-7-one, XAN). The collected thermodynamic and kinetic data demonstrate that both compounds possess substantial antiradical activity against HO• and CCl3OO• radicals in physiological conditions. BER exhibited better antiradical activity in comparison to XAN, which can be attributed to the enhanced deprotonation caused by the positioning of the -OH group on the psoralen ring. In contrast to highly reactive radical species, newly formed radical species BER• and XAN• exhibited negligible reactivity towards the chosen constitutive elements of macromolecules (fatty acids, amino acids, nucleobases). Furthermore, in the presence of O2•─, the ability to regenerate newly formed radicals BER• and XAN• was observed. Conversely, in physiological conditions in the presence of Cu(II) ions, both compounds exhibit prooxidative activity. Nevertheless, the prooxidative activity of both compounds is less prominent than their antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that anionic species can engage in the creation of a chelate complex, which restricts the reduction of metal ions when reducing agents are present (O2•─ and Asc─). Moreover, studies have demonstrated that these chelating complexes can be coupled with other radical species, hence enhancing their ability to inactivate radicals. Both compounds exhibited substantial inhibitory effects against enzymes involved in the direct or indirect generation of ROS: Xanthine Oxidase (XOD), Lipoxygenase (LOX), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), NADPH oxidase (NOX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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9
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Boulebd H. Mechanistic Insights into the Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Activities of Bromophenols from Marine Algae: A DFT Investigation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38810117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Marine algae are a rich source of aromatic secondary metabolites, with bromophenols (BPs) receiving particular attention due to their health benefits. Despite extensive research on BPs, the understanding of their antioxidant potential, as well as their mechanisms of action at the molecular level, remains incomplete. This study utilized density functional theory (DFT) to systematically elucidate the antioxidant and pro-oxidant mechanisms of the main BP scaffolds under physiological conditions. It was found that BPs exhibit potent antioxidant capacity in both polar and lipid environments. In lipid media, the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism has been identified as the exclusive antiradical pathway. The position of bromine atoms significantly influenced the activity, particularly in scaffolds containing one hydroxyl group. However, no significant effect was observed in scaffolds with two hydroxyl groups. In water, monodeprotonated BPs showed key radical scavenging activity, with different mechanisms favored depending on the configuration of the hydroxyl groups. Additionally, BPs, particularly those bearing a catechol moiety, exhibit secondary antioxidant activity by reducing the production of hydroxyl radicals via the ascorbic acid anion pathway. These findings provide further validation of the potent antioxidant properties of BPs and shed light on their mechanism of action in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
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10
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Buttarazzi E, Inchingolo A, Pedron D, Alberto ME, Collini E, Petrone A. Conformational and environmental effects on the electronic and vibrational properties of dyes for solar cell devices. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204301. [PMID: 38785282 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The main challenge for solar cell devices is harvesting photons beyond the visible by reaching the red-edge (650-780 nm). Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices combine the optical absorption and the charge separation processes by the association of a sensitizer as a light-absorbing material (dye molecules, whose absorption can be tuned and designed) with a wide band gap nanostructured semiconductor. Conformational and environmental effects (i.e., solvent, pH) can drastically influence the photophysical properties of molecular dyes. This study proposes a combined experimental and computational approach for the comprehensive investigation of the electronic and vibrational properties of a unique class of organic dye compounds belonging to the family of red-absorbing dyes, known as squaraines. Our focus lies on elucidating the intricate interplay between the molecular structure, vibrational dynamics, and optical properties of squaraines using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic techniques. Through systematic vibrational and optical analyses, we show that (i) the main absorption peak in the visible range is influenced by the conformational and protonation equilibria, (ii) the solvent polarity tunes the position of the UV-vis absorption, and (iii) the vibrational spectroscopy techniques (infrared and Raman) can be used as informative tools to distinguish between different conformations and protonation states. This comprehensive understanding offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of squaraine-based DSSCs for enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Buttarazzi
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Inchingolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Pedron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Erminia Alberto
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci ed. 12/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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11
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Milanović Ž, Marković Z, Kesić A, Jovanović Stević S, Petrović B, Avdović E. Influence of acid-base equilibrium on interactions of some monofunctional coumarin Pd(II) complexes with biologically relevant nucleophiles-comprehensive kinetic study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8275-8288. [PMID: 38659318 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This aimed to develop a comprehensive theoretical protocol for examining substitution reaction processes. The researchers used a theoretical quantum-mechanical protocol based on the QM-ORSA approach, which estimates the kinetic parameters of thermodynamically favourable reaction pathways. This theoretical protocol was validated by experimentally investigating substitution mechanisms in two previously synthesised Pd(II) complexes: chlorido-[(3-(1-(2-hydroxypropylamino)ethylidene)chroman-2,4-dione)]palladium(II) (C1) and chlorido-[(3-(1-(2-mercaptoethylamino)-ethylidene)-chroman-2,4dione)]palladium(II) (C2), along with biologically relevant nucleophiles, namely L-cysteine (l-Cys), L-methionine (l-Met), and guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP). Reactions were investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions, monitoring nucleophile concentration and temperature changes using stopped-flow UV-vis spectrophotometry. All reactions were conducted under physiological conditions (pH = 7.2) at 37 °C. The reactivity of the studied nucleophiles follows the order: l-Cys > l-Met > 5'-GMP, and the reaction mechanism is associative based on the activation parameters. The experimental and theoretical data showed that C2 is more reactive than C1, confirming that the complexes' structural and electronic properties greatly affect their reactivity with selected nucleophiles. The study's findings have confirmed that the primary interaction occurs with the acid-base species L-Cys, mostly through the involvement of the partially negative sulfur atom (87.2%). On the other hand, C2 has a higher propensity for reacting with L-Cys-, primarily through the partially negative oxygen atom (92.6%). The implementation of this theoretical framework will significantly restrict the utilization of chemical substances, hence facilitating cost reduction and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ana Kesić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović Stević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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12
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Ardjani TEA, Daoudi S, Benaissa MR, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Strategic design, theoretical insights, synthesis, and unveiling antioxidant potential in a novel ascorbic acid analog. J Mol Model 2024; 30:141. [PMID: 38639786 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this study, we investigated the antioxidant potential of a novel ascorbic acid analog, DsD, assessing its interactions with the methylperoxyl (CH3OO·) radical in aqueous and lipid environments. Our focus was on understanding the acid-base equilibrium and how pH affects DsD's primary reaction mechanisms. Our findings indicate a marked preference for hydrogen atom transfer in lipid media, contrasting with sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) in aqueous solutions. Remarkably, DsD's radical scavenging activity significantly outperforms ascorbic acid, being 4.05 and 9469.70 times more potent in polar and lipid contexts, respectively. This suggests DsD's superior efficacy as an antioxidant, potentially offering enhanced protection in biological systems. Additionally, we have demonstrated DsD's synthetic feasibility through a straightforward condensation reaction between ascorbic acid and 1,2-diaminoethane, followed by comprehensive physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization. METHODS All computational analyses in this study were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software suite, employing the M05-2X functional and the 6-31 + G(d) basis set. Enthalpy calculations were executed under standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 atm), incorporating appropriate thermodynamic corrections. Rate constants were evaluated using transition state theory (TST), and the overall assessment of radical scavenging activity was guided by the Quantum Mechanics-based Test for Overall Radical Scavenging Activity (QMORSA) protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taki Eddine Ahmed Ardjani
- Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, University, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria.
| | - Sofiane Daoudi
- Physical Chemistry Studies Laboratory, University, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Rafik Benaissa
- Physical Chemistry Studies Laboratory, University, Dr. MoulayTahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria
| | - Juan Raul Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Física y Química Teorica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Spiegel M, Prejanò M, Russo N, Marino T. Primary Antioxidant Power and M pro SARS-CoV-2 Non-Covalent Inhibition Capabilities of Miquelianin. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400079. [PMID: 38415945 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant power of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (miquelianin) has been studied, at the density functional level of theory, in both lipid-like and aqueous environments. In the aqueous phase, the computed pKa equilibria allowed the identification of the neutral and charged species present in solution that can react with the ⋅OOH radical. The Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Single Electron Transfer (SET) and Radical Adduct Formation (RAF) mechanisms were considered, and the individual, total and fraction corrected rate constants were obtained. Potential non-covalent inhibition of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 by miquelianin has been also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
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14
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Izu GO, Mfotie Njoya E, Tabakam GT, Nambooze J, Otukile KP, Tsoeu SE, Fasiku VO, Adegoke AM, Erukainure OL, Mashele SS, Makhafola TJ, Sekhoacha MP, Chukwuma CI. Unravelling the Influence of Chlorogenic Acid on the Antioxidant Phytochemistry of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Fruit Peel. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:456. [PMID: 38671904 PMCID: PMC11047442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is pivotal in the pathology of many diseases. This study investigated the antioxidant phytochemistry of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel. Different solvent extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of avocado peel were subjected to total phenol and flavonoid quantification, as well as in vitro radical scavenging and ferric reducing evaluation. The methanol extract was subjected to gradient column chromatographic fractionation. Fraction 8 (eluted with hexane:chloroform:methanol volume ratio of 3:6.5:0.5, respectively) was subjected to LC-MS analysis. It was assessed for cellular inhibition of lipid peroxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ROS and NO production. The DPPH radical scavenging mechanism of chlorogenic acid was investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The methanol extract and fraction 8 had the highest phenol content and radical scavenging activity. Chlorogenic acid (103.5 mg/mL) and 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid (102.3 mg/mL) were the most abundant phenolics in the fraction. Fraction 8 and chlorogenic acid dose-dependently inhibited in vitro (IC50 = 5.73 and 6.17 µg/mL) and cellular (IC50 = 15.9 and 9.34 µg/mL) FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as LPS-induced ROS (IC50 = 39.6 and 28.2 µg/mL) and NO (IC50 = 63.5 and 107 µg/mL) production, while modulating antioxidant enzyme activity. The fraction and chlorogenic acid were not cytotoxic. DFT analysis suggest that an electron transfer, followed by proton transfer at carbons 3'OH and 4'OH positions may be the radical scavenging mechanism of chlorogenic acid. Considering this study is bioassay-guided, it is logical to conclude that chlorogenic acid strongly influences the antioxidant capacity of avocado fruit peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria O. Izu
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Gaetan T. Tabakam
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Nambooze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (J.N.); (K.P.O.)
| | - Kgalaletso P. Otukile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (J.N.); (K.P.O.)
| | - Seiso E. Tsoeu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa;
| | - Victoria O. Fasiku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (V.O.F.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ayodeji M. Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (V.O.F.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Samson S. Mashele
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Tshepiso J. Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Mamello P. Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (V.O.F.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Chika I. Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (G.O.I.); (E.M.N.); (G.T.T.); (S.S.M.); (T.J.M.)
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15
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Abraham AB, Panneerselvam M, Ebenezer C, Costa LT, Vijay Solomon R. A theoretical study on radical scavenging activity of phenolic derivatives naturally found within Alternaria alternata extract. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2059-2074. [PMID: 38363153 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The increasing oxidative stress demands potential chemical compounds derived from natural resources with good antioxidant activity to overcome adverse health issues. In this context, we investigated the antioxidant properties of four dibenzopyrone phenolic compounds obtained from the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata: altenusin, altenusin B, alterlactone, and dehydroaltenusin using DFT calculations. Our investigation focused on understanding the structure-antioxidant property relationship. It delved into probing the activity by modelling the antioxidant mechanisms. The computed transition states and thermochemical parameters, along with the structural attributes, indicate that altenusin B has good antioxidant efficacy among the four compounds, and it follows the HAT mechanism in an aqueous phase. Remarkably, our findings indicate that altenusin B exhibits potent HOO˙ radical scavenging properties, characterized by the computed high rate constant. The molecular docking studies of these compounds with the pro-oxidant enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) gave insights into the binding modes of the compounds in the protein environment. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to study the interaction and stability of the compounds inside the XO enzyme. Our exploration sheds light on the radical scavenging potential of the -OH sites and the underlying antioxidant mechanisms that underpin the compounds' effective antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Binu Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, St Stephen's College, Affiliated to the University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Murugesan Panneerselvam
- MolMod-CS - Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campos Valonginho s/n, Centro, Niterói 24020-14, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cheriyan Ebenezer
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Luciano T Costa
- MolMod-CS - Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campos Valonginho s/n, Centro, Niterói 24020-14, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Rusdipoetra RA, Suwito H, Puspaningsih NNT, Haq KU. Theoretical insight of reactive oxygen species scavenging mechanism in lignin waste depolymerization products. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6310-6323. [PMID: 38380240 PMCID: PMC10877321 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Apart from natural products and synthesis, phenolic compounds can be produced from the depolymerization of lignin, a major waste in biofuel and paper production. This process yields a plethora of aryl propanoid phenolic derivatives with broad biological activities, especially antioxidant properties. Due to its versatility, our study focuses on investigating the antioxidant mechanisms of several phenolic compounds obtained from renewable and abundant resources, namely, syringol (Hs), 4-allylsyringol (HAs), 4-propenylsyringol (HPns), and 4-propylsyringol (HPs). Employing the density functional theory (DFT) approach in conjunction with the QM-ORSA protocol, we aim to explore the reactivity of these compounds in neutralizing hydroperoxyl radicals in physiological and non-polar media. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculations on the antioxidant activity of these compounds were also included in this study. Additionally, our research utilizes the activation strain model (ASM) for the first time to explain the reactivity of the HT and RAF mechanisms in the peroxyl radical scavenging process. It is predicted that HPs has the best rate constant in both media (1.13 × 108 M-1 s-1 and 1.75 × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively). Through ASM analysis, it is observed that the increase in the interaction energy due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds during the reaction is an important feature for accelerating the hydrogen transfer process. Furthermore, by examining the physicochemical and toxicity parameters, only Hs is not suitable for further investigation as a therapeutic agent because of potential toxicity and mutagenicity. However, overall, all compounds are considered potent HOO˙ scavengers in lipid-rich environments compared to previously studied antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmanto Aryabraga Rusdipoetra
- Bioinformatic Research Group, Research Centre of Bio-Molecule Engineering (BIOME), Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Hery Suwito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
- Proteomic Research Group, Research Centre of Bio-Molecule Engineering (BIOME), Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Kautsar Ul Haq
- Bioinformatic Research Group, Research Centre of Bio-Molecule Engineering (BIOME), Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Ir. H. Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia
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17
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Milanović Ž, Dimić D, Avdović EH, Simijonović DM, Nakarada Đ, Jakovljević V, Vojinović R, Marković ZS. Mechanism of Antiradical Activity of Coumarin-Trihydroxybenzohydrazide Derivatives: A Comprehensive Kinetic DFT Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:143. [PMID: 38397741 PMCID: PMC10885972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As part of this study, the mechanisms of the antioxidant activity of previously synthesized coumarin-trihydrobenzohydrazine derivatives were investigated: (E)-2,4-dioxo-3-(1-(2-(2″,3″,4″-trihydroxybenzoyl)hydrazineyl)ethylidene)chroman-7-yl acetate (1) and (E)-2,4-dioxo-3-(1-(2-(3″,4″,5″-trihydroxybenzoyl)hydrazineyl)ethylidene)chroman-7-yl acetate (2). The capacity of the compounds to neutralize HO• was assessed by EPR spectroscopy. The standard mechanisms of antioxidant action, Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Sequential Proton Loss followed by Electron Transfer (SPLET), Single-Electron Transfer followed by Proton Transfer (SET-PT), and Radical Adduct/Coupling Formation (RAF/RCF) were examined using the QM-ORSA methodology. It was estimated that the newly synthesized compounds, under physiological conditions, exhibited antiradical activity via SPLET and RCF mechanisms. Based on the estimated overall rate constants (koverall), it can be concluded that 2 exhibited a greater antiradical capacity. The obtained values indicated a good correlation with the EPR spectroscopy results. Both compounds exhibit approximately 1.5 times more activity in comparison to the precursor compound used in the synthesis (gallic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (E.H.A.); (D.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Edina H. Avdović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (E.H.A.); (D.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
| | - Dušica M. Simijonović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (E.H.A.); (D.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevc, Serbia;
| | - Radiša Vojinović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevc, Serbia;
| | - Zoran S. Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (E.H.A.); (D.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
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18
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Vo QV, Thuy Hoa DT, Hoa NT, Tran MD, Mechler A. The radical scavenging activity of monocaffeoylquinic acids: the role of neighboring hydroxyl groups and pH levels. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4179-4187. [PMID: 38292262 PMCID: PMC10825902 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are well-known antioxidants. However, a key aspect of their radical scavenging activity - the mechanism of action - has not been addressed in detail thus far. Here we report on a computational study of the mechanism of activity of CQAs in scavenging hydroperoxyl radicals. In water at physiological pH, the CQAs demonstrated ≈ 104 times higher HOO˙ antiradical activity than in lipid medium (k(lipid) ≈ 104 M-1 s-1). The activity in the aqueous solution was determined by the hydrogen transfer mechanism of the adjacent hydroxyl group (O6'-H) of the dianion states (Γ = 93.2-95.2%), while the single electron transfer reaction of these species contributed 4.8-6.8% to the total rate constants. The kinetics estimated by the calculations are consistent with experimental findings in water (pH = 7.5), yielding a kcalculated/kexperimental = 2.4, reinforcing the reliability and precision of the computational method and demonstrating its utility for evaluating radical reactions in silico. The results also revealed the pH dependence of the HOO˙ scavenging activity of the CQAs; activity was comparable for all compounds below pH 3, however at higher pH values 5CQA reacted with the HOO˙ with lower activity than 3CQA or 4CQA. It was also found that CQAs are less active than Trolox below pH 4.7, however over pH 5.0 they showed higher activity than the reference. The CQAs had the best HOO˙ antiradical activity at pH values between 5.0 and 8.6. Therefore, in the physiological environment, the hydroperoxyl antiradical capacity of CQAs exhibits similarity to renowned natural antioxidants including resveratrol, ascorbic acid, and Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Thuy Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Sciences and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Manh Duc Tran
- The University of Danang - University of Sciences and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia
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19
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Hieu LT, Hoa NT, Mechler A, Vo QV. The Theoretical and Experimental Insights into the Radical Scavenging Activity of Rubiadin. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:11045-11053. [PMID: 38103025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Rubiadin (RBD), an anthraquinone derivative, is obtained from Rubia cordifolia, a plant species classified under the Rubiaceae family. Rubiadin has proven beneficial properties, such as anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity. The antioxidant activity of this molecule was suggested by some experimental results but has not been clearly established thus far. In this study, we employ DFT calculations to comprehensively assess the mechanism and kinetics of the HO•/HOO• radical scavenging activity of this compound in relation to solvents. RBD showed moderate HO• radical scavenging activity, with rate constants of 2.95 × 108 and 1.82 × 1010 M-1 s-1 in lipid and polar media, respectively. In the aqueous solution, the compound exhibited remarkable superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (k = 4.93 × 108 M-1 s-1) but modest HOO• antiradical activity. RBD also showed promising antiradical activity against a variety of radicals (CCl3O•, CCl3OO•, NO2, SO4•-, and N3•), while experimental and computational results confirmed that RBD has moderate activity in DPPH/ABTS•+ assays. Thus, RBD is predicted to be a good, albeit selective, radical scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Trung Hieu
- University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
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20
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Vo QV, Hoa NT, Flavel M, Thong NM, Boulebd H, Nam PC, Quang DT, Mechler A. A Comprehensive Study of the Radical Scavenging Activity of Rosmarinic Acid. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17237-17248. [PMID: 38011833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is reported in separate studies to be either an inducer or reliever of oxidative stress, and this contradiction has not been resolved. In this study, we present a comprehensive examination of the radical scavenging activity of RA using density functional theory calculations in comparison with experimental data. In model physiological media, RA exhibited strong HO• radical scavenging activity with overall rate constant values of 2.89 × 1010 and 3.86 × 109 M-1 s-1. RA is anticipated to exhibit excellent scavenging properties for HOO• in an aqueous environment (koverall = 3.18 × 108 M-1 s-1, ≈2446 times of Trolox) following the hydrogen transfer and single electron transfer pathways of the dianion state. The neutral form of the activity is equally noteworthy in a lipid environment (koverall = 3.16 × 104 M-1 s-1) by the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism of the O6(7,15,16)-H bonds. Chelation with RA may prevent Cu(II) from reduction by the ascorbic acid anion (AA-), hence blocking the OIL-1 pathway, suggesting that RA in an aqueous environment also serves as an OIL-1 antioxidant. The computational findings exhibit strong concurrence with the experimental observations, indicating that RA possesses a significant efficacy as a radical scavenger in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Matthew Flavel
- TPM Bioactives Division, The Product Makers Pty. Ltd., Melbourne 3173, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- University of Education, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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21
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Spiegel M. Theoretical Insights into the Oxidative Stress-Relieving Properties of Pinocembrin─An Isolated Flavonoid from Honey and Propolis. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8769-8779. [PMID: 37816048 PMCID: PMC10591471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Bee products are a valuable group of substances that have a wide range of applications for humans. They contain a high level of polyphenolic compounds, which have been shown to combat radicals and effectively reduce oxidative stress. In this study, density functional theory was utilized to determine the anti-OOH activity, sequestration of free Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions, the potential pro-oxidative activity of the formed complexes, and the repairing capabilities toward essential biomolecules. The kinetic constants for scavenging of hydroperoxide radical were found to be low, with an order of magnitude not exceeding 10-3 M-1 s-1. Chelating properties showed slightly more satisfactory outcomes, although most complexes exhibited pro-oxidant activity. Pinocembrin, however, proved effective in repairing oxidatively damaged biological compounds and restoring their original functionality. The study found that whilst the system displays limited type I and type II antioxidant activity, it may support the role of physiological reductants already present in the biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy
and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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22
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Bay MV, Nam PC, Hoa NT, Mechler A, Vo QV. Antiradical Activity of Lignans from Cleistanthus sumatranus: Theoretical Insights into the Mechanism, Kinetics, and Solvent Effects. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38668-38675. [PMID: 37867707 PMCID: PMC10586290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Sumatranus lignans (SL) isolated from Cleistanthus sumatranus have demonstrated bioactivities, e.g., they were shown to exhibit immunosuppressive properties in previous research. Their structure suggests potential antioxidant activity that has not attracted any attention thus far. Consistently, a comprehensive analysis of the antioxidant activity of these compounds is highly desirable with the view of prospective medical applications. In this work, the mechanism and kinetics of the antiradical properties of SL against hydroperoxyl radicals were studied by using calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). In the lipid medium, it was discovered that SL reacted with HOO• through the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism with a rate constant of 101-105 M-1 s-1, whereas in aqueous media, the activity primarily occurred through the sequential proton loss electron transfer mechanism with rate constants of 102-108 M-1 s-1. In both lipidic and aqueous environments, the antiradical activity of compounds 6 and 7 exceeds that of resveratrol, ascorbic acid, and Trolox. These substances are therefore predicted to be good radical scavengers in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Van Bay
- The
University of Danang - University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- The
University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The
University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department
of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe
University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Quan V. Vo
- The
University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
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23
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Boulebd H, Spiegel M. Computational assessment of the primary and secondary antioxidant potential of alkylresorcinols in physiological media. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29463-29476. [PMID: 37818267 PMCID: PMC10561184 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are a group of natural phenolic compounds found in various foods such as whole grain cereals, bread, and certain fruits. They are known for their beneficial health effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two typical alkylresorcinols namely olivetol and olivetolic acid (Oli and OliA) under physiological conditions. The free radical scavenging capacity of Oli and OliA toward oxygenated free radicals (HO˙ and HOO˙ radicals) was investigated using thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. The results revealed that Oli and OliA are potent scavengers of HO˙ radical in both polar and lipid media, acting exclusively via the FHT (formal hydrogen transfer) mechanism. Moreover, they demonstrated excellent scavenging activity toward HOO˙ radical in water via the SET (single electron transfer) mechanism, outperforming the common antioxidant BHT. In lipid media, Oli and OliA showed moderate scavenging activity toward HOO˙ radical via the FHT mechanism. Significant prooxidant potential of OliA- was also demonstrated through the formation of complexes with copper ions. Additionally, docking studies indicate that the compounds exhibited a good affinity for ROS-producing enzymes, including myeloperoxidase (MP), cytochrome P450 (CP450), lipoxygenase (LOX), and xanthine oxidase (XO), highlighting their potential as natural antioxidants with promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1 Constantine 25000 Algeria
| | - Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 211A 50-556 Wroclaw Poland
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24
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Boulebd H, Carmena-Bargueño M, Pérez-Sánchez H. Exploring the Antioxidant Properties of Caffeoylquinic and Feruloylquinic Acids: A Computational Study on Hydroperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1669. [PMID: 37759973 PMCID: PMC10526077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic (5-CQA) and feruloylquinic (5-FQA) acids, found in coffee and other plant sources, are known to exhibit diverse biological activities, including potential antioxidant effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these phenolic compounds remain elusive. This paper investigates the capacity and mode of action of 5-CQA and 5-FQA as natural antioxidants acting as hydroperoxyl radical scavengers and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. The hydroperoxyl radical scavenging potential was investigated using thermodynamic and kinetic calculations based on the DFT method, taking into account the influence of physiological conditions. Blind docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the inhibition capacity toward the XO enzyme. The results showed that 5-CQA and 5-FQA exhibit potent hydroperoxyl radical scavenging capacity in both polar and lipidic physiological media, with rate constants higher than those of common antioxidants, such as Trolox and BHT. 5-CQA carrying catechol moiety was found to be more potent than 5-FQA in both physiological environments. Furthermore, both compounds show good affinity with the active site of the XO enzyme and form stable complexes. The hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism was found to be exclusive in lipid media, while both HAT and SET (single electron transfer) mechanisms are possible in water. 5-CQA and 5-FQA may, therefore, be considered potent natural antioxidants with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (M.C.-B.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (M.C.-B.); (H.P.-S.)
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25
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Vo QV, Tram TLB, Phuoc Hoang L, Hoa NT, Mechler A. The alkoxy radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone in organic solvents: theoretical insight into the mechanism and kinetics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23402-23408. [PMID: 37546223 PMCID: PMC10401519 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is a polymer with many applications in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical formulations due to its minimal toxicity. PVP can be synthesized through radical polymerization in organic solvents; this well-known industrial process is thoroughly characterized experimentally, however, quantum chemical modeling of the process is scarce: the mechanism and kinetics have not been thoroughly investigated yet. In this work, the mechanism and kinetics of the alkoxy radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone in organic solvents, namely isopropanol (IP) and toluene (TL), were successfully modeled by computational chemistry. The initiator radicals di-tert-butyl peroxide (TBO˙) and dicumyl peroxide (CMO˙) as well as the solvents isopropanol and toluene, were shown to be capable of assisting in the initiation reactions. The rate constant was influenced by the combination of initiators and solvent and the values of the rate constant of propagation were approximately 101-103 M-1 s-1. The radical polymerization of NVP with dicumyl peroxide as an initiator was comparable to that of di-tert-butyl peroxide in all of the examined organic solvents, whereas the solvents had less of an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Truong Le Bich Tram
- Department of Science-Technology and Environment, The University of Danang Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Loc Phuoc Hoang
- Quang Tri Teacher Training College Dong Ha Quang Tri 520000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia
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26
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Djafarou S, Mermer A, Barut B, Yılmaz GT, Amine Khodja I, Boulebd H. Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives and their application in the anti-browning of fresh-cut potato. Food Chem 2023; 414:135745. [PMID: 36821926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melanin, which is responsible for the browning of foods as well as many skin disorders. In order to develop new anti-browning agents with dual antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase capacities, a series of 30 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. Among the molecules prepared, 6 and 30 were found to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values comparable to that of kojic acid. Interestingly, 6 also has the highest radical scavenging activity among the prepared molecules. The inhibition kinetics study indicated that 6 is a non-competitive inhibitor while 30 inhibits tyrosinase competitively. The anti-browning assay of fresh-cut potato slices revealed that 6 and 30 are potent anti-browning agents with a capacity as high as kojic acid. The mechanisms of free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition have been fully investigated in silico using computational kinetics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selsabil Djafarou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Arif Mermer
- Experimental Mecidine Application and Research Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye; Department of Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar Yılmaz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Imene Amine Khodja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Houssem Boulebd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
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27
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Truong DH, Lan Nguyen TH, Dao DQ. Revisiting the HO ●-initiated oxidation of L-proline amino acid in the aqueous phase: influence of transition metal ions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230114. [PMID: 37293362 PMCID: PMC10245202 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of L-proline (Pro) by HO● radical in water and the influence of transition metal ions on this process has been revisited by using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the M05-2X/6-311 + + G(3df,3pd)//M05-2X/6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theory at the temperature of 298.15 K. The main reactive sites of the HO●-initiated oxidation of Pro via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions are at the β- and γ-carbon, with the branching ratios being 44.6% and 39.5%, respectively. The overall rate constant at 298.15 K is 6.04 × 108 M-1 s-1. In addition, Pro tends to form stable complexes with both Fe and Cu ions via the -COO functional group of dipole-salt form. The most stable Cu(II)-Pro complexes have high oxidant risks in enhancing the HO● formation in the presence of reducing agents. Besides this, the high oxidation state metal complexes, i.e. Fe(III)-Pro and Cu(II)-Pro, may be oxidized by HO● radical via HAT reactions but with a lower rate constant than that of free-Pro. By contrast, the low oxidation state metal complexes (i.e. Fe(II)-Pro and Cu(I)-Pro) have higher oxidation risks than the free ligands, and thus, the complexation enhances the oxidation of Pro amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Hieu Truong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | | | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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28
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Amić A, Mastiľák Cagardová D. A DFT Study on the Kinetics of HOO •, CH 3OO •, and O 2•- Scavenging by Quercetin and Flavonoid Catecholic Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1154. [PMID: 37371883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction kinetics have been theoretically examined to ascertain the potency of quercetin (Q) and flavonoid catecholic metabolites 1-5 in the inactivation of HOO•, CH3OO•, and O2•- under physiological conditions. In lipidic media, the koverallTST/Eck rate constants for the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism indicate the catecholic moiety of Q and 1-5 as the most important in HOO• and CH3OO• scavenging. 5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (1) and alphitonin (5) are the most potent scavengers of HOO• and CH3OO•, respectively. The koverallMf rate constants, representing actual behavior in aqueous media, reveal Q as more potent in the inactivation of HOO• and CH3OO• via single electron transfer (SET). SET from 3-O- phenoxide anion of Q, a structural motif absent in 1-5, represents the most contributing reaction path to overall activity. All studied polyphenolics have a potency of O2•- inactivation via a concerted two-proton-coupled electron transfer (2PCET) mechanism. The obtained results indicate that metabolites with notable radical scavenging potency, and more bioavailability than ingested flavonoids, may contribute to human health-promoting effects ascribed to parent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Denisa Mastiľák Cagardová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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29
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Carreon-Gonzalez M, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. The Synergy between Glutathione and Phenols-Phenolic Antioxidants Repair Glutathione: Closing the Virtuous Circle-A Theoretical Insight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051125. [PMID: 37237991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and phenols are well-known antioxidants, and previous research has suggested that their combination can enhance antioxidant activity. In this study, we used Quantum Chemistry and computational kinetics to investigate how this synergy occurs and elucidate the underlying reaction mechanisms. Our results showed that phenolic antioxidants could repair GSH through sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) in aqueous media, with rate constants ranging from 3.21 × 106 M-1 s-1 for catechol to 6.65 × 108 M-1 s-1 for piceatannol, and through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in lipid media with rate constants ranging from 8.64 × 106 M-1 s-1 for catechol to 5.53 × 107 M-1 s-1 for piceatannol. Previously it was found that superoxide radical anion (O2•-) can repair phenols, thereby completing the synergistic circle. These findings shed light on the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of combining GSH and phenols as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirzam Carreon-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Raúl Alvarez-Idaboy
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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30
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Georgieva MK, Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Yancheva D. Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of 1-Arylhydrazone Benzimidazole Hybrids with Neuroprotective Activity. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4364-4373. [PMID: 37163390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-arylhydrazone hybrids showed promising potential as multifunctional drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotection studies conducted using an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the SH-SY5Y cell line revealed a remarkable activity of the compound possessing a vanilloid structural fragment. The cell viability was preserved up to 84% and this effect was significantly higher than the one exerted by the reference compounds melatonin and rasagiline. Another compound with a catecholic moiety demonstrated the second-best neuroprotective activity. Computational studies were further conducted to characterize in depth the antioxidant properties of both compounds. The possible radical scavenging mechanisms were estimated as well as the most reactive sites through which the compounds may deactivate a variety of free radicals. Both of the compounds are able to deactivate not only the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals but also alkoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, following hydrogen atom transfer or radical adduct formation mechanism. In nonpolar medium, 3e is predicted to react slightly faster than 3a with alkoxyl radicals and around two orders of magnitude faster than 3a with hydroperoxyl radicals. The most reactive sites for formal hydrogen atom transfer in 3a are the meta-hydroxy group in the phenyl ring in water and the amide N-H group in benzene; in 3e, the amide N-H group is more reactive in both solvents. The radical adduct formation can occur at several positions in 3a and 3e, the most active being C4, C6, and C14. The stability of the formed radicals was estimated by NBO calculations. The NBO calculations indicated that the spin density in the radicals formed by the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the amide groups of both compounds is delocalized over the phenyl ring and the hydrazone chain. The obtained theoretical data for the better radical scavenging ability of the vanilloid hybrid corroborate its experimentally established better neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena K Georgieva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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31
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Du DX, Khang NHD, Tri NH, Nam PC, Thong NM. Exploring the Multitarget Activity of Wedelolactone against Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from In Silico Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15031-15040. [PMID: 37151498 PMCID: PMC10157682 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Wedelolactone's multitarget activity against Alzheimer's disease was examined using density functional theory and molecular docking techniques. At physiological pH, the pK a and molar fractions have been estimated. The most likely relative rate constants of two radical scavenger mechanisms are formal hydrogen transfer in a lipid environment and single-electron transfer in a water solvent. Compared to Trolox (k overall = 8.96 × 104 M-1 s-1), Wedelolactone (k overall = 4.26 × 109 M-1 s-1) is more efficient in scavenging the HOO• radical in an aqueous environment. The chelation capacity of metals was investigated by examining the complexation of the Cu(II) ion at various coordination positions and calculating the complexation kinetic constants. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations showed that the known forms of Wedelolactone at physiological pH effectively inhibited the AChE and BChE enzymes by comparing their activity to that of tacrine (control). Wedelolactone is a promising drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease therapy in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Xuan Du
- Sai
Gon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Huu Tri
- Sai
Gon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- The
University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The
University of Danang - Campus in Kon Tum, 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kon
Tum 580000, Vietnam
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32
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Boulebd H. Insights on the antiradical capacity and mechanism of phytocannabinoids: H-abstraction and electron transfer processes in physiological media and the influence of the acid-base equilibrium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 208:113608. [PMID: 36738909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids are natural products primarily isolated from Cannabis sativa that exhibit the typical C21 terpenophenolic skeleton. This class of compounds has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various oxidation-related diseases, which has made their antioxidant properties the focus of increasing interest. In the present contribution, the primary antioxidant properties of eight representative phytocannabinoids have been systematically studied against a variety of biologically significant radical species using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The findings demonstrated that phytocannabinoids, in water at physiological pH, exhibit excellent radical scavenging capacity, mainly exerted by the single electron transfer (SET) process from the deprotonated state. In contrast, phytocannabinoids are moderate radical scavengers in non-polar environment via the formal hydrogen atom transfer (fHAT) process. Among the compounds examined, cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabifuran (CBF) had the greatest free radical scavenging capacity in water, surpassing even common antioxidants like BHT and Trolox. CBF is expected to have potent antiradical action toward peroxyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, and nitrogen dioxide in water at physiological pH. These results provide supporting evidence that phytocannabinoids may be useful in scavenging harmful free radicals in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, 25000, Algeria.
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33
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In Silico and In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Potential of Urolithins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030697. [PMID: 36978945 PMCID: PMC10045577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to predict the antioxidant potential of four bioactive gut microbiota metabolites of the natural polyphenols ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), also known as urolithins (UROs). In order to evaluate their ability to counter the effect of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH), different reaction mechanisms were investigated, considering water and lipid-like environments. Through our in silico results, it emerged that at physiological pH, the scavenging activity of all urolithins, except urolithin B, are higher than that of trolox and other potent antioxidants existing in nature, such as EA, α-mangostin, allicin, caffeine and melatonin. These findings were confirmed by experimental assays.
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34
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Marković Z, Komolkin AV, Egorov AV, Milenković D, Jeremić S. Alizarin as a potential protector of proteins against damage caused by hydroperoxyl radical. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110395. [PMID: 36758887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Alizarin is a natural anthraquinone molecule with moderate antioxidative capacity. Some earlier investigations indicated that it can inhibit osteosarcoma and breast carcinoma cell proliferation by inhibiting of phosphorylation process of ERK protein (extracellular signal-regulated kinases). Several mechanisms of deactivation of one of the most reactive oxygen species, hydroperoxyl radical, by alizarin are estimated: hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA), radical adduct formation (RAF), and single electron transfer (SET). The plausibility of those mechanisms is estimated using density functional theory. The obtained results indicated HAA as the only thermodynamically plausible mechanism. For that purpose, two possible mechanistic pathways for hydrogen atom abstraction are studied in detail: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Water and benzene are used as models of solvents with opposite polarity. To examine the difference between HAT and PCET is used kinetical approach based on the Transition state theory (TST) and determined rate constants (k). Important data used for a distinction between HAT and PCET mechanisms are obtained by applying the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and by the analysis of single occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) in transition states for two examined mechanisms. The molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamic are used to predict the most probable positions of binding of alizarin to the sequence of ApoB-100 protein, a protein component of plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is found that alizarin links the nitrated polypeptide forming the π-π interactions with the amino acids Phenylalanine and Nitrotyrosine. The ability of alizarin to scavenge hydroperoxyl radical when it is in a sandwich structure between the polypeptide and radical species, as the operative reaction mechanism, is not significantly changed concerning its antioxidant capacity in the absence of polypeptide. Therefore, alizarin can protect the polypeptide from harmful hydroperoxyl radical attack, positioning itself between the polypeptide chain and the reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Marković
- Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia.
| | - Andrei V Komolkin
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Nuclear-Physics Research Methods, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei V Egorov
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Nuclear-Physics Research Methods, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jeremić
- Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia.
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Nenadis N, Pyrka I, Tsimidou MZ. The Contribution of Theoretical Prediction Studies to the Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Bioactive Secoiridoids Encountered in Olive Tree Products and By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:2267. [PMID: 36903511 PMCID: PMC10005156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the antioxidant activity of different types of natural compounds is a complex research area that encompasses various in vitro tests and in vivo studies. Sophisticated modern analytical tools permit the unambiguous characterization of the compounds present in a matrix. The contemporary researcher, knowing the chemical structure of the compounds present, can carry out quantum chemical calculations that provide important physicochemical information assisting the prediction of antioxidant potential and the mechanism behind the activity of target compounds before further experimentation. The efficiency of calculations is steadily improved due to the rapid evolution of both hardware and software. It is possible, consequently, to study compounds of medium or even larger size, incorporating also models that simulate the liquid phase (solution). This review contributes to the establishment of theoretical calculations as an inherent part of the antioxidant activity assessment process, having as a case study the complex mixtures of olive bioactive secoiridoids (oleuropein, ligstroside, and related compounds). The literature indicates great variability in theoretical approaches and models used so far for only a limited number of this group of phenolic compounds. Proposals are made for standardization of methodology (reference compounds, DFT functional, basis set size, and solvation model) to facilitate comparisons and communication of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Z. Tsimidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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36
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Biswas S, Shukla PK. A DFT study on the scavenging activity of curcumin toward methyl and ethyl radicals. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2178236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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37
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Martínez-Senra T, Losada-Barreiro S, Hermida-Ramón JM, Graña AM, Bravo-Díaz C. Molecular Design of Interfaces of Model Food Nanoemulsions: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020484. [PMID: 36830043 PMCID: PMC9951901 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition and structure of the interfacial region of emulsions frequently determine its functionality and practical applications. In this work, we have integrated theory and experiments to enable a detailed description of the location and orientation of antioxidants in the interfacial region of olive-oil-in-water nanoemulsions (O/W) loaded with the model gallic acid (GA) antioxidant. For the purpose, we determined the distribution of GA in the intact emulsions by employing the well-developed pseudophase kinetic model, as well as their oxidative stability. We also determined, by employing an in silico design, the radial distribution functions of GA to gain insights on its insertion depth and on its orientation in the interfacial region. Both theoretical and experimental methods provide comparable and complementary results, indicating that most GA is located in the interfacial region (~81.2%) with a small fraction in the aqueous (~18.82%). Thus, GA is an effective antioxidant to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsions not only because of the energy required for its reaction with peroxyl radical is much lower than that between the peroxyl radical and the unsaturated lipid but also because its effective concentration in the interfacial region is much higher than the stoichiometric concentration. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach of experiments and simulations constitutes a complementary and useful pathway to design new, tailored, functionalized emulsions to minimize lipid oxidation.
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38
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Trung NQ, Thu Thanh NT, Hoa NT, Mechler A, Vo QV. Feruloylmonotropeins: promising natural antioxidants in Paederia scandens. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6153-6159. [PMID: 36814870 PMCID: PMC9940704 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Paederia scandens (Lour.) is a widely used medicinal herb in Vietnam, China, India, and Japan for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including toothache, chest pains, piles, and spleen inflammation. There is broad interest in identifying the composition of its extracts and confirming their numerous biological activities, including anti-nociceptive, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Two iridoid glucosides obtained from the MeOH extract of P. scandens, 6'-O-E-feruloylmonotropein (6-FMT) and 10'-O-E-feruloylmonotropein (10-FMT), are potential antioxidants based on their structure. In this study, the hydroperoxyl scavenging activity of 6-FMT and 10-FMT was examined in silico by using density functional theory. These FMTs are predicted to be weak antioxidants in non-polar environments, whereas a good HOO˙ scavenging activity is expected in polar environments (pH = 7.4) with k overall = 3.66 × 107 M-1 s-1 and 9.45 × 106 M-1 s-1, respectively. This activity is better than many common antioxidants such as trolox and nearly equivalent to ascorbic acid and resveratrol. The hydroperoxyl scavenging activity was exerted mainly by the di-anion form of FMTs in water at physiological pH following the single electron transfer mechanism. The results suggest that FMTs are promising natural antioxidants in aqueous physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Trung
- The University of Danang - University of Science and Education Da Nang 550000 Vietnam .,Quality Assurance and Testing Center 2 Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe UniversityVictoria 3086Australia
| | - Quan V. Vo
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and EducationDanang 550000Vietnam
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39
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Hoa NT, Ngoc Van LT, Vo QV. Reactions of nicotine and the hydroxyl radical in the environment: Theoretical insights into the mechanism, kinetics and products. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137682. [PMID: 36586441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine (NCT) is a prevalent and highly poisonous tobacco alkaloid found in wastewater discharge. Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) are radical interactions between harmful pollutants and ambient free radicals that, theoretically, result in less toxic compounds. For a better understanding of the chemical transformations and long-term environmental effects of toxic discharges, the study of these processes is crucial. Here, quantum chemical calculations are used to investigate the AOP of the NCT in aqueous and lipidic environments. It was found that NCT interacted with HO• in polar and nonpolar media, with an overall rate constant koverall = 106 - 1010 M-1 s-1. The computed kinetic data are reasonably accurate as seen by the comparison with the experimental rate constant in water (pH = 7.0), which results in a kcalculated/kexperimetal ratio of 1.4. The hydrogen transfer (C7, C9, C12)-single electron transfer pathways are the main mechanisms for the HO• + NCT reaction in pentyl ethanoate solvent to form the cations as the primary products of the two-step reaction. However, in aqueous environments, the degradation of NCT by HO• radicals increases with increasing pH levels. It is predicted that oxidation products are less toxic than nicotine itself, especially in an aqueous environment with a pH < 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
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40
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Spiegel M, Ciardullo G, Marino T, Russo N. Computational investigation on the antioxidant activities and on the M pro SARS-CoV-2 non-covalent inhibition of isorhamnetin. Front Chem 2023; 11:1122880. [PMID: 36762196 PMCID: PMC9902383 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report a computational study on some important chemical properties of the flavonoid isorhamnetin, used in traditional medicine in many countries. In the course of the study we determined the acid-base equilibria in aqueous solution, the possible reaction pathways with the •OOH radical and the corresponding kinetic constants, the complexing capacity of copper ions, and the reduction of these complexes by reducing agents such as superoxide and ascorbic anion by using density functional level of theory Density Functional Theory. Finally, the non-covalent inhibition ability of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme by isorhamnetin was examined by molecular dynamics (MD) and docking investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy,Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Giada Ciardullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy,*Correspondence: Nino Russo,
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Milanović Ž, Dimić D, Klein E, Biela M, Lukeš V, Žižić M, Avdović E, Bešlo D, Vojinović R, Dimitrić Marković J, Marković Z. Degradation Mechanisms of 4,7-Dihydroxycoumarin Derivatives in Advanced Oxidation Processes: Experimental and Kinetic DFT Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2046. [PMID: 36767412 PMCID: PMC9916318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins represent a broad class of compounds with pronounced pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. The pursuit of the commercialization of these compounds requires the establishment of controlled and highly efficient degradation processes, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Application of this methodology necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of these compounds. For this reason, possible reaction routes between HO• and recently synthesized aminophenol 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives, as model systems, were examined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and a quantum mechanical approach (a QM-ORSA methodology) based on density functional theory (DFT). The EPR results indicated that all compounds had significantly reduced amounts of HO• radicals present in the reaction system under physiological conditions. The kinetic DFT study showed that all investigated compounds reacted with HO• via HAT/PCET and SPLET mechanisms. The estimated overall rate constants (koverall) correlated with the EPR results satisfactorily. Unlike HO• radicals, the newly formed radicals did not show (or showed negligible) activity towards biomolecule models representing biological targets. Inactivation of the formed radical species through the synergistic action of O2/NOx or the subsequent reaction with HO• was thermodynamically favored. The ecotoxicity assessment of the starting compounds and oxidation products, formed in multistage reactions with O2/NOx and HO•, indicated that the formed products showed lower acute and chronic toxicity effects on aquatic organisms than the starting compounds, which is a prerequisite for the application of AOPs procedures in the degradation of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12−16 Studentski Trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Erik Klein
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Biela
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Žižić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimir Prelog 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Radiša Vojinović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevc, Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
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Spiegel M, Sroka Z. Quantum-mechanical characteristics of apigenin: Antiradical, metal chelation and inhibitory properties in physiologically relevant media. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105352. [PMID: 36400153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to examine the antioxidant activity of apigenin. All protonated species that are present in a non-negligible population at physiological pH were considered in the study. The ability to scavenge the hydroperoxide radical was evaluated in lipid and aqueous environments. The capacity to halt the Fenton reaction by chelating Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions was also investigated, as was the ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase. The results indicate that these activities may be particularly important in describing the beneficial effects of apigenin, especially because of its lower anti-•OOH potential than Trolox or vitamin C. The findings underscore the significant role of dianion in the antiradical and chelating properties, despite its presence in much lower molar fractions than other ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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43
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Amić A, Cagardová DM. Mactanamide and lariciresinol as radical scavengers and Fe 2+ ion chelators - A DFT study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113442. [PMID: 36150528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A DFT based kinetic study of OOH radical scavenging potency of mactanamide (MA) and lariciresinol (LA), two natural polyphenols, indicates their nearly equal potential via the proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism in lipid media. Contribution of C-H bond breaking to this potency is negligible compared to O-H bond breaking, contrary to recent claims. The predicted potency of both compounds is not sufficient to protect biological molecules from oxidative damage in lipid media. In aqueous media, the scavenging potency of MA and LA phenoxide anions via the single electron transfer (SET) mechanism is much higher and may contribute to the protection of lipids, proteins, and DNA from OOH radical damage. Also, MA and LA have the potential to chelate catalytic Fe2+ ions, thus suppressing the formation of dangerous OH radicals via Fenton-type reactions. The monoanionic species of MA and LA show stronger monodentate chelating ability with Fe2+ ion compared to its neutral form. The dianionic specie LA2- exhibited the highest chelation ability with Fe2+ ion via bidentate 1:2 coordination. However, direct radical scavenging and metal chelation could be rarely operative in vivo because MA and LA presumably achieve very low concentrations in systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8A, Osijek, 31000, Croatia.
| | - Denisa Mastiľák Cagardová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-812 37, Slovak Republic
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44
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Interference of malvidin and its mono- and di-glucosides on the membrane — Combined in vitro and computational chemistry study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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45
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Kaur C, Mandal D. The Scavenging Mechanism of Aminopyrines towards Hydroxyl Radical: A Computational Mechanistic and Kinetics Investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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46
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Haq KU, Rusdipoetra RA, Siswanto I, Suwito H. Elucidation of reactive oxygen species scavenging pathways of norbergenin utilizing DFT approaches. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:221349. [PMID: 36569231 PMCID: PMC9768466 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bergenin is a polyphenolic compound that contains isocoumarin skeletal derived from C-glycosylated 4-O-methylgallic acid. The biological activities of this compound and its derivatives are quite diverse. Recent studies reveal neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo in Alzheimer's. Norbergenin is a demethylated form of bergenin, known for better antioxidant capacity and associated with neuroprotective properties through oxidative stress inhibition. This study focused on investigating the scavenging mechanism of norbergenin with the •OH, •OOH, and O 2 ∙ - as a radical model under physiological and lipid environments. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the hydrogen transfer (HT), single electron transfer (SET), sequential proton lost-electron transfer (SPLET) and radical adduct formation (RAF) mechanisms were determined theoretically by the density functional theory (DFT) at M06-2X/6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theory. Based on the computational results, this compound has proved as an excellent •OOH and •OH scavenger under physiological conditions better than Trolox and vitamin C, whereas its radical demonstrated as an efficient O 2 ∙ - scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kautsar Ul Haq
- Bioinformatics Division, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | | | - Imam Siswanto
- Bioinformatics Division, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Hery Suwito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
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47
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Amić A, Mastiľák Cagardová D. DFT Study of the Direct Radical Scavenging Potency of Two Natural Catecholic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214497. [PMID: 36430975 PMCID: PMC9697371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To ascertain quercetin's and rooperol's potency of H-atom donation to CH3OO• and HOO•, thermodynamics, kinetics and tunnelling, three forms of chemical reaction control, were theoretically examined. In lipid media, H-atom donation from quercetin's catecholic OH groups via the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism, is more relevant than from C-ring enolic moiety. Amongst rooperol's two catecholic moieties, H-atom donation from A-ring OH groups is favored. Allylic hydrogens of rooperol are poorly abstractable via the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. Kinetic analysis including tunnelling enables a more reliable prediction of the H-atom donation potency of quercetin and rooperol, avoiding the pitfalls of a solely thermodynamic approach. Obtained results contradict the increasing number of misleading statements about the high impact of C-H bond breaking on polyphenols' antioxidant potency. In an aqueous environment at pH = 7.4, the 3-O- phenoxide anion of quercetin and rooperol's 4'-O- phenoxide anion are preferred sites for CH3OO• and HOO• inactivation via the single electron transfer (SET) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-31-399-980
| | - Denisa Mastiľák Cagardová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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48
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Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Guzmán-López EG, Hernández-Ayala LF, Galano A. Chalcone Derivatives with a High Potential as Multifunctional Antioxidant Neuroprotectors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38254-38268. [PMID: 36340167 PMCID: PMC9631883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A systematic, rational search for chalcone derivatives with multifunctional behavior has been carried out, with the support of a computer-assisted protocol (CADMA-Chem). A total of 568 derivatives were constructed by incorporating functional groups into the chalcone structure. Selection scores were calculated from ADME properties, toxicity, and manufacturability descriptors. They were used to select a subset of molecules (23) with the best drug-like behavior. Reactivity indices were calculated for this subset. They were chosen to account for electron and hydrogen atom donating capabilities, which are key processes for antioxidant activity. The indexes showed that four chalcone derivatives (dCHA-279, dCHA-568, dCHA-553, and dCHA-283) are better electron and H donors than the parent molecule and some reference antioxidants (Trolox, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol). In addition, based on molecular docking, they are predicted to act as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Therefore, these four molecules are proposed as promising candidates to act as multifunctional antioxidants with neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa Avenida Ferrocarril
San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Gabriel Guzmán-López
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Felipe Hernández-Ayala
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
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49
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Spiegel M, Sroka Z. Natural dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives as a template for promising radical scavengers: theoretical insights into structure–activity relationships, thermochemistry and kinetics. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDihydroisobenzofuran heterocycle is a structural motif found in a number of medications with anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, and antibacterial activities. It is also found in a slew of natural substances, most notably fungus metabolites, which have been shown to possess credible radical scavenging activity. Density functional theory studies on three different derivatives were conducted to investigate their electronic structures as well as thermochemical and kinetic behaviour against ·OOH, ·OH, and ·OCH3 in biologically relevant solvents, with the goal of elucidating structure–activity relationships and discussing the potential role of the scaffolds as a template for new semisynthetic antioxidants. The importance of resonance and inductive effects, and also hydrogen bonding, has been underlined, but most importantly, it has been demonstrated that all structures have considerable scavenging potential against all studied radicals, with reactions rates close to the diffusion limit.
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50
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Primary and secondary antioxidant properties of scutellarin and scutellarein in water and lipid-like environments: A theoretical investigation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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