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Fernandez MC, Rayes R, Ham B, Wang N, Bourdeau F, Milette S, Lllemann M, Bird N, Majeed A, Xu J, Kisselova T, Brodt P. The type I insulin-like growth factor regulates the liver stromal response to metastatic colon carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52281-52293. [PMID: 28881729 PMCID: PMC5581028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a major role in initiating the liver fibrogenic (wounding) response of the liver and can also orchestrate a pro-metastatic microenvironment in the liver in response to invading cancer cells. Here we explored the role of the hepatic stellate cells in colon carcinoma liver metastasis with emphasis on the contribution of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis to their activation and function. To this end, we used mice with a Tamoxifen inducible liver IGF-I deficiency. We found that in mice with a sustained IGF-I deficiency, recruitment and activation of HSC into tumor-infiltrated areas of the liver were markedly diminished, resulting in decreased collagen deposition and reduced tumor expansion. In addition, IGF-I could rescue HSC from apoptosis induced by pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α known to be upregulated in the early stages of liver metastasis. Moreover, in surgical specimens, activated IGF-IR was observed on HSC-like stromal cells surrounding colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Finally, IGF-targeting in vivo using an IGF-Trap caused a significant reduction in HSC activation in response to metastatic colon cancer cells. Therefore, our data identify IGF as a survival factor for HSC and thereby, a promoter of the pro-metastatic microenvironment in the liver. IGF-targeting could therefore provide a strategy for curtailing the pro-metastatic host response of the liver during the early stages of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celia Fernandez
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Boram Ham
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Lllemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel Bird
- Liver Research Group, Clinical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ali Majeed
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisselova
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Xia JR, Chen TT, Li WD, Lu FL, Liu J, Cai XG, Lu Q, Yang CP. Inhibitory effect of receptor for advanced glycation end product‑specific small interfering RNAs on the development of hepatic fibrosis in primary rat hepatic stellate cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:569-74. [PMID: 25673150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) inhibit the expression of RAGE, α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen in the T6 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), indicating that RAGE is important for the activation of HSCs and the expression of collagen. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of specific siRNAs targeting RAGE on the development of hepatic fibrosis (HF), using primary rat HSCs, which were isolated and cultured in vitro. The expression vectors for specific siRNAs targeting RAGE were constructed and transfected into primary rat HSCs. Untreated and nonspecific siRNA-transfected primary rat HSCs served as controls. The expression levels of RAGE, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA) and N-terminal procollagen III propeptide (PIIINP) in primary HSCs were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The mRNA and 42 kD protein expression of RAGE in the pAKD-GR126-transfected primary HSCs were significantly downregulated compared with those in the untreated and the pAKD-negative control (NC)-transfected controls. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CTGF, LN, HA and PIIINP in the pAKD-GR126-transfected primary HSCs were also markedly downregulated compared with those in the untreated and pAKD-NC-transfected controls. Therefore, RAGE-specific siRNAs inhibited the expression of RAGE in primary rat HSCs and inhibited the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Lin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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3
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Akiel M, Rajasekaran D, Gredler R, Siddiq A, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Jariwala NH, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Emerging role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:9-19. [PMID: 27508172 PMCID: PMC4918263 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s44460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a vicious and highly vascular cancer with a dismal prognosis. It is a life-threatening illness worldwide that ranks fifth in terms of cancer prevalence and third in cancer deaths. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage by which time conventional therapies are no longer effective. Targeted molecular therapies, such as the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, provide a modest increase in survival for advanced HCC patients and display significant toxicity. Thus, there is an immense need to identify novel regulators of HCC that might be targeted effectively. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is commonly abnormal in HCC. Upon activation, the IGF axis controls metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and survival. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a secreted protein of a family of low-affinity IGF-binding proteins termed “IGFBP-related proteins” that have been identified as a potential tumor suppressor in HCC. IGFBP7 has been implicated in regulating cellular proliferation, senescence, and angiogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the role of IGFBP7 in HCC and the potential use of IGFBP7 as a novel biomarker for drug resistance and as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaged Akiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chadia Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nidhi Himanshu Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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4
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Van den Eynden GG, Majeed AW, Illemann M, Vermeulen PB, Bird NC, Høyer-Hansen G, Eefsen RL, Reynolds AR, Brodt P. The multifaceted role of the microenvironment in liver metastasis: biology and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2031-43. [PMID: 23536564 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The liver is host to many metastatic cancers, particularly colorectal cancer, for which the last 2 decades have seen major advances in diagnosis and treatment. The liver is a vital organ, and the extent of its involvement with metastatic disease is a major determinant of survival. Metastatic cells arriving in the liver via the bloodstream encounter the microenvironment of the hepatic sinusoid. The interactions of the tumor cells with hepatic sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal cells (endothelial, Kupffer, stellate, and inflammatory cells) determine their fate. The sinusoidal cells can have a dual role, sometimes fatal to the tumor cells but also facilitatory to their survival and growth. Adhesion molecules participate in these interactions and may affect their outcome. Bone marrow-derived cells and chemokines also play a part in the early battle for survival of the metastases. Once the tumor cells have arrested and survived the initial onslaught, tumors can grow within the liver in 3 distinct patterns, reflecting differing host responses, mechanisms of vascularization, and proteolytic activity. This review aims to present current knowledge of the interactions between the host liver cells and the invading metastases that has implications for the clinical course of the disease and the response to treatment.
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5
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Kuemmerle JF. Insulin-like growth factors in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2012; 41:409-23, vii. [PMID: 22682638 PMCID: PMC3372868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major source of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are present in the circulation and have important endocrine activities relating to energy metabolism, body size, carcinogenesis, and various organ-specific functions. Although IGFs have only minor effects on the normal liver itself, production of IGFs and IGFBPs in a tissue-specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract exert important regulatory effects on cellular proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. IGFs and IGFBPs play important regulatory roles in the response of both the liver and the gastrointestinal tract to inflammation and in the development of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kuemmerle
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0341, USA.
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6
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Chen Z, Xiao L, Liu W, Liu D, Xiao YY, Chen J, Liu X, Li WD, Li W, Cai BC. Novel materials which possess the ability to target liver cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:649-56. [PMID: 22480167 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.679261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic-targeted drug delivery systems are designed to treat diseases of the liver. However, since there are several different types of liver diseases that are caused by different cells, it is important to select the proper materials to target these different cells. AREAS COVERED This review addresses novel materials that possess the ability to target liver cells via receptor-ligand processes and offers an insight into the aspects of formulation design. It also discusses several approaches used to enhance the targeting efficiency of drug delivery systems to receptors in the liver cells. In addition, the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of these materials in the treatment of acute or chronic liver diseases is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Further research into the use of clinical materials and the design of smart materials for multi-drug delivery to different organelles is important for future studies on these new materials. It is hoped that these targeted therapeutics will benefit patients with liver disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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7
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Poelstra K, Greupink R, Beljaars L. Reprint of: Targeting fibrosis with selective drug carriers. Arab J Gastroenterol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Targeting fibrosis with selective drug carriers. Arab J Gastroenterol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Dudas J, Mansuroglu T, Batusic D, Ramadori G. Thy-1 is expressed in myofibroblasts but not found in hepatic stellate cells following liver injury. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:115-27. [PMID: 18797914 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thy-1 (CD90) is an adhesion molecule induced in fibroblast populations associated with wound healing and fibrosis. In this study the question whether Thy-1-gene-expression can be induced in hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vivo, under conditions of liver injury or liver regeneration was addressed. Acute and chronic rat liver injury was induced by the administration of CCl4. For comparison, cirrhotic human liver, and rat 67% partial hepatectomy (PH) was studied as well. Thy-1-gene-expression was examined also in isolated human liver myofibroblasts. Thy-1-mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in chronic liver injury. Thy-1+ cells were detected in the periportal area of rat liver specimens in normal-, injured- and regenerative-conditions. In chronic human and rat liver injury, Thy-1+ cells were located predominantly in scar tissue. In the pericentral necrotic zone after CCl4-treatment, no induction of Thy-1 was found. Gremlin and Thy-1 showed comparable localization in the periportal areas. Thy-1 was not detected in either normal or capillarized sinusoids, in isolated rat HSC, and was neither inducible by inflammatory cytokines in isolated HSC, nor upregulated in treated myofibroblasts. Based upon these data Thy-1 is not a marker of "activated" sinusoidal HSC, but it is a marker of "activated" (myo)fibroblasts found in portal areas and in scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Davis LK, Rodgers BD, Kelley KM. Angiotensin II- and glucose-stimulated extracellular matrix production: mediation by the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in a murine mesangial cell line. Endocrine 2008; 33:32-9. [PMID: 18392786 PMCID: PMC2684556 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic nephropathy, glomerular mesangial cells exhibit aberrant anabolic activity that includes excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, leading to crowding of filtration surface areas and possible renal failure. In the present study, a murine mesangial cell line (MES-13 cells) was studied to determine the roles of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in the anabolic response to elevated glucose levels. Culture of MES-13 cells in medium containing supra-physiological glucose concentrations (>5.5 mmol/l) resulted in increased production of ECM proteins including laminin, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan with concurrent increases in IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 production. These responses were blocked by the angiotensin receptor antagonists saralasin and losartan, while exogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment directly stimulated increases in ECM and IGFBP-2. In all experiments, IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with anabolic activity implicating IGFBP-2 as a possible mediator in cellular responses to high glucose and Ang II. Such mediation appears to involve IGFBP-2 modulation of IGF-I signaling, since all responses to high glucose or Ang II were blocked by immuno-neutralization of IGF-I. These data suggest alterations in the IGF axis as key mechanisms underlying nephropathic responses of mesangial cells to Ang II and high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori K. Davis
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA, e-mail:
| | - Buel D. Rodgers
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kevin M. Kelley
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA, e-mail:
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11
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Dudas J, Mansuroglu T, Batusic D, Saile B, Ramadori G. Thy-1 is an in vivo and in vitro marker of liver myofibroblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 329:503-14. [PMID: 17576600 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1, a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein of the outer membrane leaflet, has been described in myofibroblasts of several organs. Previous studies have shown that, in fetal liver, Thy-1 is expressed in a subpopulation of ductular/progenitor cells. The aim of this study has been to investigate whether the liver myofibroblasts belong to the Thy-1-positive subpopulation of the adult liver. The expression of Thy-1 has been studied in normal rat liver, in the rat liver regeneration model following 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment and partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH), and in isolated rat liver cells, at the mRNA and protein levels. In normal rat liver, Thy-1 is detected in sparse cells of the periportal area, whereas 7 days after PH in the AAF/PH model, a marked increase of the number of Thy-1-positive cells is detectable by immunohistochemistry. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis has revealed the co-localization of Thy-1 and smooth muscle actin, but not of Thy-1 and cytokeratin-19, both in normal rat liver and in the AAF/PH model. Investigation of isolated rat liver cell populations has confirmed that liver myofibroblasts are Thy-1-positive cells, whereas hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and liver macrophages are not. Thy-1 is the first cell surface marker for identifying liver myofibroblasts in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Greupink R, Bakker HI, van Goor H, de Borst MH, Beljaars L, Poelstra K. Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-Like growth factor-II receptors may represent a target for the selective delivery of mycophenolic acid to fibrogenic cells. Pharm Res 2007; 23:1827-34. [PMID: 16850269 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor axis plays an important role in fibrogenesis. However, little is known about mannose-6-phosphate/Insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGF-IIR) expression during fibrosis. When expressed preferentially on fibrogenic cells, this receptor may be used to selectively deliver drugs to these cells. METHODS We investigated M6P/IGF-IIR expression in livers of bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats and in renal vascular walls of renin transgenic TGR(mRen2)27 rats. Both models are characterized by fibrogenic processes. Furthermore, we studied whether drug delivery via M6P/IGF-II-receptor-mediated uptake is possible in fibroblasts. RESULTS M6P/IGF-IIR mRNA expression was investigated 3, 7 and 10 days after BDL. At all time-points hepatic M6P/IGF-IIR expression was significantly increased compared to healthy controls. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed that alpha-sma-positive cells were M6P/IGF-IIR-positive. In kidneys of TGR(mRen2)27 rats, the number of M6P/IGF-IIR-positive arteries per microscopic field was increased 5.5 fold over healthy controls. To examine whether M6P/IGF-IIRs could be used as a port of entry for drugs, we coupled mycophenolic acid (MPA) to mannose-6-phosphate-modified human serum albumin (M6PHSA). M6PHSA-MPA inhibited 3T3-fibroblast proliferation dose-dependently, which was reversed by co-incubation with excess M6PHSA, but not by HSA. CONCLUSIONS M6P/IGF-IIRs are expressed by fibrogenic cells and may be used for receptor-mediated intracellular delivery of the antifibrogenic drug MPA.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Capillaries/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Common Bile Duct/physiology
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ligation
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mannosephosphates/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage
- Mycophenolic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Renal Circulation/drug effects
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Greupink
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Novosyadlyy R, Dudas J, Pannem R, Ramadori G, Scharf JG. Crosstalk between PDGF and IGF-I receptors in rat liver myofibroblasts: implication for liver fibrogenesis. J Transl Med 2006; 86:710-23. [PMID: 16619003 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been identified as significant mitogens for liver myofibroblasts (LMFs), one of the cell populations playing a role in liver fibrogenesis. In the present work, we aimed to elucidate a possible interaction between PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling in LMFs. Among different rat liver cells, PDGFR alpha- and beta-subunits were mainly expressed in hepatic stellate cells and LMFs, and were upregulated during their in vitro cultivation. In LMFs, PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) stimulated DNA synthesis approximately two-fold and this effect was similar to that of IGF-I. IGF-I and PDGF-BB differentially affected IGF-IR and PDGFR signaling. High concentrations of IGF-I decreased levels of IGF-IR and IRS-1 and inhibited the expression and activation of PDGFRalpha. PDGF-BB prevented IGF-I-induced downregulation of the IGF-IR, but did not affect expression of its cognate receptor subunits. Transphosphorylation of PDGFR and IGF-IR was not observed. PDGF effectively activated terminal MAP kinases, PI3 kinase and Akt kinase, whereas IGF-I demonstrated weaker effects. PLCgamma(1) was phosphorylated only in response to PDGF, but not to IGF-I. In rat LMFs, blockade of the IGF-IR via inhibition of the IGF-IR kinase completely abrogated IGF- and PDGF-induced mitogenesis and the ability of PDGF to phosphorylate PLCgamma(1). In conclusion, the presented data demonstrate that the PDGFR signaling requires a functional IGF-IR and that PDGF-BB stabilizes the IGF-IR function through preventing the IGF-I-induced downregulation of the IGF-IR. These interactions might be relevant in vivo for the fibroproliferative response during liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Novosyadlyy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Bridle KR, Li L, O'Neill R, Britton RS, Bacon BR. Coordinate activation of intracellular signaling pathways by insulin-like growth factor-1 and platelet-derived growth factor in rat hepatic stellate cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 147:234-41. [PMID: 16697771 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is an important event in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been shown to be mitogenic for HSC, but the intracellular signaling pathways involved have not been fully characterized. Thus, the aims of the current study were to examine the roles of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and p70-S6 kinase (p70-S6-K) signaling pathways in IGF-1- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced mitogenic signaling of HSC and to examine the potential crosstalk between these pathways. Both IGF-1 and PDGF increased ERK, PI3-K and p70-S6-K activity. When evaluating potential crosstalk between these signaling pathways, we observed that PI3-K is required for p70-S6-K activation by IGF-1 and PDGF, and is partially responsible for PDGF-induced ERK activation. PDGF and IGF-1 also increased the levels of cyclin D1 and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Coordinate activation of ERK, PI3-K and p70-S6-K is important for perpetuating the activated state of HSC during fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Bridle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-0250, USA
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Novosyadlyy R, Dargel R, Scharf JG. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins during thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:313-323. [PMID: 16098781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver plays a central role in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) homeostasis providing the majority of circulating IGF-I and some of its binding proteins (IGFBPs). In liver cirrhosis the IGF axis is severely disturbed, and these alterations are associated with reduced IGF-I, IGFBP-3 but elevated IGFBP-1 serum levels. METHODS By Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH), hepatic expression of IGF-I and of IGFBP was studied in a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide. RESULTS ISH revealed a homogeneous distribution of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4 and IGF-I mRNA over hepatic parenchyma in normal and cirrhotic liver. Fibrous septa of cirrhotic liver were IGFBP-1 mRNA negative, whereas IGFBP-4 and IGF-I transcripts were detected in single cells. In normal liver, IGFBP-3 mRNA was distributed within nonparenchymal cells of the hepatic lobule and in the wall of the portal vein. In cirrhotic liver, IGFBP-3 transcripts were abundant in mesenchymal cells of fibrous tissue. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was also prominent in cells at the septal-nodular interface most likely representing monocyte infiltration. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was reduced in nonparenchymal liver cells located more distantly from the septal-nodular interface in the cirrhotic nodule that correlated with reduced IGFBP-3 mRNA expression observed in Kupffer cells (KC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) isolated from macronodular cirrhotic livers. CONCLUSION Cirrhosis is accompanied by an altered spatial expression of IGFBP-3 in liver tissue, which is characterized by decreased levels of IGFBP-3 mRNA in KC and SEC, but elevated IGFBP-3 expression in myofibroblast-like cells and inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Novosyadlyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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Silha JV, Murphy LJ. The effects of the insulin-like growth factor-I aptamer, NBI-31772, on glucose homeostasis in the mouse. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 83:557-63. [PMID: 16091781 DOI: 10.1139/y05-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the adult rodent circulation is bound to high affinity IGF binding proteins. We investigated the changes in IGF-I clearance, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, and tissue 2-deoxyglucose uptake after intravenous administration of the IGF aptamer, NBI-31772, which selectively competes with IGF-I for binding to the IGFBPs, but has no effect at the IGF-I receptor. Clearance of 125I-IGF-I was significantly increased in NBI-31772-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice (t1/2 = 45.0 ± 1.9 vs. 56.3 ± 3.9 min, respectively; p = 0.021). However, NBI-31772 had no significant effect on glucose levels, and no insulin sparing effect was apparent neither under basal conditions nor during an intravenous glucose challenge. The decline in the specific activity after 3H-2-deoxyglucose administration was significantly less rapid in NBI-31772-treated mice compared with controls, suggesting that the IGF-I aptamer had an inhibitory effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis. In contrast, no insulin-like effect was apparent in other tissues examined. 3H-2-deoxyglucose accumulation was similar in all tissues analyzed, including skeletal muscle, which is thought to be particularly sensitive to IGF-I. These data suggest that the IGF-I aptamer affects clearance of radiolabeled IGF-I from the circulation, but has no marked effects on glucose nor insulin homeostasis. The search for hydrophilic IGF aptamers with longer duration of action that could be used in the treatment of diabetes may be rewarding. Key words: insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef V Silha
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
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Longerich T, Ketterer K, Helmke BM, Friess H, Schirmacher P. Tumor induced local fibrogenic effect by hepatic metastasis of insulinoma. Virchows Arch 2005; 446:680-1. [PMID: 15902484 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-1267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Scharf JG, Dombrowski F, Novosyadlyy R, Eisenbach C, Demori I, Kübler B, Braulke T. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 is highly induced during acute carbon tetrachloride liver injury and potentiates the IGF-I-stimulated activation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Endocrinology 2004; 145:3463-72. [PMID: 15070850 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a pivotal role in hepatic tissue repair and fibrogenesis. IGF-I has been considered a mitogenic signal for activation and proliferation of HSC in vitro. In the present study IGF-I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) gene expression was studied in a model of acute liver injury induced by a single intragastric dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in adult rats. Northern blot analysis revealed a marked increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, with a maximum between 3 and 9 h after CCl(4) application, whereas steady state mRNA levels of IGF-I were only moderately altered. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that this increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA was due to a strong expression of IGFBP-1 in the perivenous region 6-12 h after CCl(4) application, extending to the midzonal region of the acinus within 24-48 h. Consequently, a prominent immunostaining for IGFBP-1 was observed in perivenous areas, with a maximum 24-48 h after intoxication. Preincubation of early cultured HSC with a nonphosphorylated IGFBP-1 from human amniotic fluid resulted in a 3.4-fold increase in IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis. The mitogenic effect of IGF-I was also potentiated when HSC were cocultivated with IGFBP-1-overexpressing BHK-21 cells compared with nontransfected cells. These data suggest that IGFBP-1 released during the early steps of liver tissue damage and repair may interact with HSC and potentiate the sensitivity of IGF-I to mitogenic signals.
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