1
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Kim HS, Kong H, Kim T, Lim C, Lee S, Kim SH, Suh YG. Structural Congeners of Izenamides Responsible for Cathepsin D Inhibition: Insights from Synthesis-Derived Elucidation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050281. [PMID: 37233475 DOI: 10.3390/md21050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the structural congeners of natural izenamides A, B, and C (1-3) responsible for cathepsin D (CTSD) inhibition. Structurally modified izenamides were synthesized and biologically evaluated, and their biologically important core structures were identified. We confirmed that the natural statine (Sta) unit (3S,4S)-γ-amino-β-hydroxy acid is a requisite core structure of izenamides for inhibition of CTSD, which is closely related to the pathophysiological roles in numerous human diseases. Interestingly, the statine-incorporated izenamide C variant (7) and 18-epi-izenamide B variant (8) exhibited more potent CTSD-inhibitory activities than natural izenamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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2
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Reddy MV, Shyamala P, Sharma AK. An efficient, concise, and scalable synthesis of Izenamide A and B via asymmetric reduction of γ-amino β-keto ester using 2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine catalysts. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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3
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Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, Galvez J, Basak SC, Goyal SM. COVID-19 and the Importance of Being Prepared: A Multidisciplinary Strategy for the Discovery of Antivirals to Combat Pandemics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061342. [PMID: 35740363 PMCID: PMC9220014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During an emergency, such as a pandemic in which time and resources are extremely scarce, it is important to find effective and rapid solutions when searching for possible treatments. One possibility in this regard is the repurposing of available “on the market” drugs. This is a proof of the concept study showing the potential of a collaboration between two research groups, engaged in computer-aided drug design and control of viral infections, for the development of early strategies to combat future pandemics. We describe a QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) based repurposing study on molecular topology and molecular docking for identifying inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. The aim of this computational strategy was to create an agile, rapid, and efficient way to enable the selection of molecules capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 protease. Molecules selected through in silico method were tested in vitro using human coronavirus 229E as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. Three strategies were used to screen the antiviral activity of these molecules against human coronavirus 229E in cell cultures, e.g., pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment. We found >99% of virus inhibition during pre-treatment and co-treatment and 90−99% inhibition when the molecules were applied post-treatment (after infection with the virus). From all tested compounds, Molport-046-067-769 and Molport-046-568-802 are here reported for the first time as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Topology & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; (R.Z.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963544891
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Topology & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; (R.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jorge Galvez
- Molecular Topology & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; (R.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Subhash C. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
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4
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De Angelis M, Casciaro B, Genovese A, Brancaccio D, Marcocci ME, Novellino E, Carotenuto A, Palamara AT, Mangoni ML, Nencioni L. Temporin G, an amphibian antimicrobial peptide against influenza and parainfluenza respiratory viruses: Insights into biological activity and mechanism of action. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21358. [PMID: 33538061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001885rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of respiratory viral infections remains a global health concern, mainly due to the inefficacy of available drugs. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral compounds is needed; in this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like temporins hold great promise. Here, we discovered that the harmless temporin G (TG) significantly inhibited the early life-cycle phases of influenza virus. The in vitro hemagglutinating test revealed the existence of TG interaction with the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Furthermore, the hemolysis inhibition assay and the molecular docking studies confirmed a TG/HA complex formation at the level of the conserved hydrophobic stem groove of HA. Remarkably, these findings highlight the ability of TG to block the conformational rearrangements of HA2 subunit, which are essential for the viral envelope fusion with intracellular endocytic vesicles, thereby neutralizing the virus entry into the host cell. In comparison, in the case of parainfluenza virus, which penetrates host cells upon a membrane-fusion process, addition of TG to infected cells provoked ~1.2 log reduction of viral titer released in the supernatant. Nevertheless, at the same condition, an immunofluorescent assay showed that the expression of viral hemagglutinin/neuraminidase protein was not significantly reduced. This suggested a peptide-mediated block of some late steps of viral replication and therefore the impairment of the extracellular release of viral particles. Overall, our results are the first demonstration of the ability of an AMP to interfere with the replication of respiratory viruses with a different mechanism of cell entry and will open a new avenue for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against a large variety of respiratory viruses, including the recent SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - B Casciaro
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Genovese
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M E Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A T Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Celestino I, Checconi P, Amatore D, De Angelis M, Coluccio P, Dattilo R, Alunni Fegatelli D, Clemente AM, Matarrese P, Torcia MG, Mancinelli R, Mammola CL, Garaci E, Vestri AR, Malorni W, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Differential Redox State Contributes to Sex Disparities in the Response to Influenza Virus Infection in Male and Female Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1747. [PMID: 30105026 PMCID: PMC6077261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus replicates intracellularly exploiting several pathways involved in the regulation of host responses. The outcome and the severity of the infection are thus strongly conditioned by multiple host factors, including age, sex, metabolic, and redox conditions of the target cells. Hormones are also important determinants of host immune responses to influenza and are recently proposed in the prophylaxis and treatment. This study shows that female mice are less susceptible than males to mouse-adapted influenza virus (A/PR8/H1N1). Compared with males, PR8-infected females display higher survival rate (+36%), milder clinical disease, and less weight loss. They also have milder histopathological signs, especially free alveolar area is higher than that in males, even if pro-inflammatory cytokine production shows slight differences between sexes; hormone levels, moreover, do not vary significantly with infection in our model. Importantly, viral loads (both in terms of viral M1 RNA copies and tissue culture infectious dose 50%) are lower in PR8-infected females. An analysis of the mechanisms contributing to sex disparities observed during infection reveals that the female animals have higher total antioxidant power in serum and their lungs are characterized by increase in (i) the content and biosynthesis of glutathione, (ii) the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxiredoxin 1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and (iii) the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. By contrast, infected males are characterized by high expression of NADPH oxidase 4 oxidase and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, both enzymes promoting viral replication. All these factors are critical for cell homeostasis and susceptibility to infection. Reappraisal of the importance of the host cell redox state and sex-related effects may be useful in the attempt to develop more tailored therapeutic interventions in the fight against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Coluccio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dattilo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Alunni Fegatelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Maria Clemente
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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6
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Kanamori Y, Iwasaki A, Sumimoto S, Matsubara T, Sato T, Suenaga K. Izenamides A and B, Statine-Containing Depsipeptides, and an Analogue from a Marine Cyanobacterium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1673-1681. [PMID: 29944370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Izenamides A, B, and C (1-3), new linear depsipeptides, were isolated from a taxonomically distinct marine cyanobacterium. Izenamides A and B contain a statine moiety [(3 S,4 S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid] and inhibited the activity of cathepsin D, an aspartic peptidase. Meanwhile, izenamides did not show growth-inhibitory activity against HeLa, HL60, or MCF-7 cells at up to 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Ko-hoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Ko-hoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Shimpei Sumimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Ko-hoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Ko-hoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 223-8522 , Japan
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7
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Di Sotto A, Checconi P, Celestino I, Locatelli M, Carissimi S, De Angelis M, Rossi V, Limongi D, Toniolo C, Martinoli L, Di Giacomo S, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Antiviral and Antioxidant Activity of a Hydroalcoholic Extract from Humulus lupulus L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5919237. [PMID: 30140367 PMCID: PMC6081516 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5919237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A hydroalcoholic extract from female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. (HOP extract) was evaluated for its anti-influenza activity. The ability of the extract to interfere with different phases of viral replication was assessed, as well as its effect on the intracellular redox state, being unbalanced versus the oxidative state in infected cells. The radical scavenging power, inhibition of lipoperoxidation, and ferric reducing activity were assayed as antioxidant mechanisms. A phytochemical characterization of the extract was also performed. We found that HOP extract significantly inhibited replication of various viral strains, at different time from infection. Viral replication was partly inhibited when virus was incubated with extract before infection, suggesting a direct effect on the virions. Since HOP extract was able to restore the reducing conditions of infected cells, by increasing glutathione content, its antiviral activity might be also due to an interference with redox-sensitive pathways required for viral replication. Accordingly, the extract exerted radical scavenging and reducing effects and inhibited lipoperoxidation and the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity. At phytochemical analysis, different phenolics were identified, which altogether might contribute to HOP antiviral effect. In conclusion, our results highlighted anti-influenza and antioxidant properties of HOP extract, which encourage further in vivo studies to evaluate its possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Martinoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Abdoli A, Alirezaei M, Mehrbod P, Forouzanfar F. Autophagy: The multi-purpose bridge in viral infections and host cells. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e1973. [PMID: 29709097 PMCID: PMC7169200 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy signaling pathway is involved in cellular homeostasis, developmental processes, cellular stress responses, and immune pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the relationship between autophagy and viruses. It is not possible to be fully comprehensive, or to provide a complete "overview of all viruses". In this review, we will focus on the interaction of autophagy and viruses and survey how human viruses exploit multiple steps in the autophagy pathway to help viral propagation and escape immune response. We discuss the role that macroautophagy plays in cells infected with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, rotavirus gastroenteritis, immune cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and viral respiratory tract infections both influenza virus and coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Department of Immunology and Microbial ScienceThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Dept.Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Forouzanfar
- University of Strasbourg, EA7292, DHPIInstitute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology StrasbourgFrance
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9
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Bizzarri BM, Botta L, Capecchi E, Celestino I, Checconi P, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Saladino R. Regioselective IBX-Mediated Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives with Antioxidant and Anti-influenza Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3247-3254. [PMID: 29236486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Different catechol and pyrogallol derivatives have been synthesized by oxidation of coumarins with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in DMSO at 25 °C. A high regioselectivity was observed in accordance with the stability order of the incipient carbocation or radical benzylic-like intermediate. The oxidation was also effective in water under heterogeneous conditions by using IBX supported on polystyrene. The new derivatives showed improved antioxidant effects in the DPPH test and inhibitory activity against the influenza A/PR8/H1N1 virus. These data represent a new entry for highly oxidized coumarins showing an antiviral activity possibly based on the control of the intracellular redox value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Bizzarri
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University , Rome, 00163, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Anna T Palamara
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University , Rome, 00163, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
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10
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Li J, Lu J, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang H, Liu F, Fang M, Duan X, Liu W. Differential immune response of influenza A virus-infected dendritic cells and association with autophagy. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We sought to study the responses of dendritic cells (DCs) after direct stimulation by different influenza A viruses. Materials & methods: Using bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) as a model, we measured the expression of surface markers, cytokine production and the priming effect on CD4+ naive T cells. Results & conclusion: We found that all of the tested viruses induced BMDC maturation. Cytokine expression assays also demonstrated that activated BMDCs secrete higher levels of cytokines. Similar to the maturation degree, well-stimulated BMDCs induced higher levels of naive CD4+ T-cell activation. Furthermore, we found that the PR8 and WSN influenza A viruse-induced BMDC functional activation was at least partially influenced by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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11
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Qin Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Luo J, Huang X, You J, Wang B, Li M. Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Postinfluenza Bacterial Pneumonia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3801026. [PMID: 27376082 PMCID: PMC4916274 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3801026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The risk of influenza A virus (IAV) is more likely caused by secondary bacterial infections. During the past decades, a great amount of studies have been conducted on increased morbidity from secondary bacterial infections following influenza and provide an increasing number of explanations for the mechanisms underlying the infections. In this paper, we first review the recent research progress that IAV infection increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. We then propose an assumption that autophagy and apoptosis manipulation are beneficial to antagonize post-IAV bacterial infection and discuss the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongren Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiangzhou You
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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12
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Chen L, Zhu F, Xiong C, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Chen Y, Zhao G, Jiang Q. Could a deletion in neuraminidase stalk strengthen human tropism of the novel avian influenza virus H7N9 in China, 2013? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1020-8. [PMID: 25608590 PMCID: PMC4306908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. A novel avian influenza A virus (AIV) H7N9 subtype which emerged in China in 2013 caused worldwide concern. Deletion of amino-acids 69 to 73 in the neuraminidase stalk was its most notable characteristic. This study is aimed to discuss the tropism and virulence effects of this deletion. Methods: Neuraminidase gene sequences of N9 subtype were collected from NCBI and GISAID. MEGA6.0, Stata12.0, and UCSF Chimera were employed for sequence aligning, significance testing, and protein tertiary structure homology modeling. Results: A total of 736 sequences were obtained; there were 81 human isolates of the novel AIV H7N9, of which 79 had the deletion. Among all the 654 avian origin sequences, only 43 had the deletion (p < 0.001). Tertiary structure displayed that the deletion obviously changed the spatial direction of neuraminidase. Conclusions: The deletion in neuraminidase stalk could have strengthened human tropism of the novel AIV H7N9, as well as its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit of Burn and Trauma Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lufang Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Genming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Bae N, Chung S, Kim HJ, Cha JW, Oh H, Gu MY, Oh MS, Yang HO. Neuroprotective effect of modified Chungsimyeolda-tang, a traditional Korean herbal formula, via autophagy induction in models of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:93-101. [PMID: 25449460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Previous studies in our laboratory revealed the neuroprotective effect of modified Yeoldahanso-tang (MYH) in models of Parkinson׳s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated another traditional Korean herbal formula, modified Chungsimyeolda-tang (termed DG), as a potential treatment for PD. Chungsimyeolda-tang has been used in Korea to treat cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke. Here, we verify the neuroprotective and autophagy-inducing effects of DG to evaluate any potential anti-parkinsonian properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and rotenone were used to induce cytotoxicity in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Induction of autophagy by DG in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells was measured using an immunoblotting assay with an LC3 antibody. The proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin was used to induce ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. DG-mediated clearance of aggregated proteins was measured using an immunoblotting assay with a ubiquitin antibody. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that DG robustly protects NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against the neurotoxic effects of MPP(+) and rotenone in an in vitro model. Furthermore, DG protects NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against lactacystin-induced cell death. This effect is partially mediated by an increased autophagy associated with the enhanced degradation of aggregated proteins. This study suggests that DG is an attractive candidate drug for inducing autophagy and, therefore, may represent a promising strategy to prevent diseases associated with misfolded/aggregated proteins in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson׳s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Bae
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Sasang Constitution Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Cha
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungun Oh
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Yao Gu
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hirata N, Suizu F, Matsuda-Lennikov M, Edamura T, Bala J, Noguchi M. Inhibition of Akt kinase activity suppresses entry and replication of influenza virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:891-8. [PMID: 24971535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of the pandemic spread of influenza viruses highlights the need for an effective cure for this life-threatening disease. Influenza A virus, belonging to a family of orthomyxoviruses, is a negative-strand RNA virus which encodes 11 viral proteins. A numbers of intracellular signaling pathways in the host cells interact with influenza the viral proteins, which affect various stages of viral infection and replication. In this study, we investigated how inhibition of Akt kinase activity impacts on influenza virus infection by using "Akt-in", a peptide Akt inhibitor. In PR8 influenza-infected A549 cells, Akt interacted with the NS1 (Non structural protein 1), and hence increased phosphorylation of Akt kinase activity and NS1. Treatment of cells with either "TCL1- or TCL1b-based Akt-in" efficiently suppressed Akt kinase activity while decreasing the levels of phosphorylated NS1; this, in turn, inhibited viral replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect on viral replication appears to not be due to inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, in the host cells. Inhibition of Akt kinase activity in the host cells inhibited the efficiency of viral entry, which is associated with decreased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3, a substrate of Akt. Thus inhibition of Akt kinase activity in host cells may have therapeutic advantages for influenza virus infection by inhibiting viral entry and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hirata
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda-Lennikov
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Edamura
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jyoti Bala
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Mehrbod P, Hair-Bejo M, Tengku Ibrahim TA, Omar AR, El Zowalaty M, Ajdari Z, Ideris A. Simvastatin modulates cellular components in influenza A virus-infected cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:61-73. [PMID: 24788303 PMCID: PMC4072341 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is one of the most important health risks that lead to significant respiratory infections. Continuous antigenic changes and lack of promising vaccines are the reasons for the unsuccessful treatment of influenza. Statins are pleiotropic drugs that have recently served as anti-influenza agents due to their anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the effect of simvastatin on influenza A-infected cells was investigated. Based on the MTT cytotoxicity test, hemagglutination (HA) assay and qPCR it was found that simvastatin maintained cell viability and decreased the viral load significantly as compared to virus-inoculated cells. The expression of important pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interferon-γ), which was quantified using ELISA showed that simvastatin decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to an average of 2-fold. Furthermore, the modulation of actin filament polymerization was determined using rhodamine staining. Endocytosis and autophagy processes were examined by detecting Rab and RhoA GTPase protein prenylation and LC3 lipidation using western blotting. The results showed that inhibiting GTPase and LC3 membrane localization using simvastatin inhibits influenza replication. Findings of this study provide evidence that modulation of RhoA, Rabs and LC3 may be the underlying mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of simvastatin as an anti-influenza compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed El Zowalaty
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zahra Ajdari
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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16
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Bozzini T, Botta G, Delfino M, Onofri S, Saladino R, Amatore D, Sgarbanti R, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Tyrosinase and Layer-by-Layer supported tyrosinases in the synthesis of lipophilic catechols with antiinfluenza activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7699-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Dai JP, Wu LQ, Li R, Zhao XF, Wan QY, Chen XX, Li WZ, Wang GF, Li KS. Identification of 23-(s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin as an antiviral agent for influenza A virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4433-43. [PMID: 23836164 PMCID: PMC3754338 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00759-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that autophagy is involved in the replication of many viruses. In this study, we screened 89 medicinal plants, using an assay based on the inhibition of the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer, an important regulator of autophagy, and selected Silybum marianum L. for further study. An antiviral assay indicated that silybin (S0), the major active compound of S. marianum L., can inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We later synthesized 5 silybin derivatives (S1 through S5) and found that 23-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin (S3) had the best activity. When we compared the polarities of the substituent groups, we found that the hydrophobicity of the substituent groups was positively correlated with their activities. We further studied the mechanisms of action of these compounds and determined that S0 and S3 also inhibited both the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer and the elevated autophagy induced by IAV infection. In addition, we found that S0 and S3 could inhibit several components induced by IAV infection, including oxidative stress, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and IκB kinase (IKK) pathways, and the expression of autophagic genes, especially Atg7 and Atg3. All of these components have been reported to be related to the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer, which might validate our screening strategy. Finally, we demonstrated that S3 can significantly reduce influenza virus replication and the associated mortality in infected mice. In conclusion, we identified 23-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin as a promising inhibitor of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qi Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
The autophagic degradation pathway is a powerful tool in the host cell arsenal against cytosolic pathogens. Contents trapped inside cytosolic vesicles, termed autophagosomes, are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. In spite of the degradative nature of the pathway, some pathogens are able to subvert autophagy for their benefit. In many cases, these pathogens have developed strategies to induce the autophagic signaling pathway while inhibiting the associated degradation activity. One surprising finding from recent literature is that some viruses do not impede degradation but instead promote the generation of degradative autolysosomes, which are the endpoint compartments of autophagy. Dengue virus, poliovirus, and hepatitis C virus, all positive-strand RNA viruses, utilize the maturation of autophagosomes into acidic and ultimately degradative compartments to promote their replication. While the benefits that each virus reaps from autophagosome maturation are unique, the parallels between the viruses indicate a complex relationship between cytosolic viruses and host cell degradation vesicles.
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Dai JP, Zhao XF, Zeng J, Wan QY, Yang JC, Li WZ, Chen XX, Wang GF, Li KS. Drug screening for autophagy inhibitors based on the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 complex using BiFC technique and mechanism of eugenol on anti-influenza A virus activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61026. [PMID: 23613775 PMCID: PMC3628889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and virus infection, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza A virus (IAV) and coxsackievirus B3/B4 (CVB3/B4), so a drug screening model targeting autophagy may be very useful for the therapy of these diseases. In our study, we established a drug screening model based on the inhibition of the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 heterodimer, an important negative regulator of autophagy, using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technique for developing novel autophagy inhibitors and anti-IAV agents. From 86 examples of traditional Chinese medicines, we found Syzygium aromaticum L. had the best activity. We then determined the anti-autophagy and anti-IAV activity of eugenol, the major active compound of Syzygium aromaticum L., and explored its mechanism of action. Eugenol could inhibit autophagy and IAV replication, inhibited the activation of ERK, p38MAPK and IKK/NF-κB signal pathways and antagonized the effects of the activators of these pathways. Eugenol also ameliorated the oxidative stress and inhibited the expressions of autophagic genes. We speculated that the mechanism underlying might be that eugenol inhibited the oxidative stress and the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and IKK/NF-κB pathways, subsequently inhibited the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 heterodimer and autophagy, and finally impaired IAV replication. These results might conversely display the reasonableness of the design of our screening model. In conclusion, we have established a drug screening model for developing novel autophagy inhibitor, and find eugenol as a promising inhibitor for autophagy and IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (G-FW); (K-SL)
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (G-FW); (K-SL)
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20
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Saladino R, Neri V, Checconi P, Celestino I, Nencioni L, Palamara AT, Crucianelli M. Synthesis of 2'-deoxy-1'-homo-N-nucleosides with anti-influenza activity by catalytic methyltrioxorhenium (MTO)/H2O2 oxyfunctionalization. Chemistry 2012; 19:2392-404. [PMID: 23225323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new route for the synthesis of 1'-homo-N-nucleoside derivatives by means of either methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) or supported MTO catalysts, with H(2)O(2) as the primary oxidant. Under these selective conditions, the oxyfunctionalization of the heterocyclic ring and the N heteroatom oxidation were operative processes, regardless of the type of substrate used, that is, purine or pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the oxidation of 1'-homo-N-thionucleosides, showed the occurrence of site-specific oxidative nucleophilic substitutions of the heterocyclic ring. The MTO/H(2)O(2) system showed, in general, high reactivity under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, affording the final products with high conversion values of substrates and from medium to high yields. Many of the novel 1'-homo-N-nucleoside analogues were active against the influenza A virus, without any cytotoxic effects, retaining their activity in both protected and unprotected forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Agrobiology and Agrochemistry, University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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21
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Matarrese P, Petitta C, Scirocco A, Ascione B, Ammoscato F, Di Natale G, Anastasi E, Marconi M, Chirletti P, Malorni W, Severi C. Antioxidants counteract lipopolysaccharide-triggered alterations of human colonic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2102-11. [PMID: 23044262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut dysmotility develops in individuals during and after recovering from infective acute gastroenteritis and it is apparently due to a direct effect of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This is an endotoxin with a prooxidant activity derived from gram-negative bacteria. Due to the lack of human models available so far, the mechanisms underlying LPS-induced gut dysmotility are, however, poorly investigated. In the present work long-term effects of LPS and their reversibility have been assessed by means of different analytical cytology methods on pure primary cultures of human colonic smooth muscle cells. We found that LPS triggered the following alterations: (i) a redox imbalance with profound changes of contractile microfilament network, and (ii) the induction of cell cycle progression with dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. These alterations persisted also after LPS removal. Importantly, two unrelated antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol and N-acetylcysteine, were able to reverse the cytopathic effects of LPS and to restore normal muscle cell function. The present data indicate that LPS is capable of triggering a persistent and long-term response that could contribute to muscle dysfunction occurring after an infective and related inflammatory burst and suggest a reappraisal of antioxidants in the management of postinfective motor disorders of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Matarrese
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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22
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De Chiara G, Marcocci ME, Sgarbanti R, Civitelli L, Ripoli C, Piacentini R, Garaci E, Grassi C, Palamara AT. Infectious agents and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:614-38. [PMID: 22899188 PMCID: PMC3496540 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiologic and experimental data point to chronic bacterial and viral infections as possible risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Infections of the central nervous system, especially those characterized by a chronic progressive course, may produce multiple damage in infected and neighbouring cells. The activation of inflammatory processes and host immune responses cause chronic damage resulting in alterations of neuronal function and viability, but different pathogens can also directly trigger neurotoxic pathways. Indeed, viral and microbial agents have been reported to produce molecular hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as the production and deposit of misfolded protein aggregates, oxidative stress, deficient autophagic processes, synaptopathies and neuronal death. These effects may act in synergy with other recognized risk factors, such as aging, concomitant metabolic diseases and the host’s specific genetic signature. This review will focus on the contribution given to neurodegeneration by herpes simplex type-1, human immunodeficiency and influenza viruses, and by Chlamydia pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Chiara
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Dai J, Wang G, Li W, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhao X, Chen X, Xu Y, Li K. High-throughput screening for anti-influenza A virus drugs and study of the mechanism of procyanidin on influenza A virus-induced autophagy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2012; 17:605-17. [PMID: 22286278 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111435236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have established a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform based on the influenza A virus (IAV) vRNA promoter. Using this HTS platform, we selected 35 medicinal plants out of 83 examples of traditional Chinese medicine and found that 7 examples had not been reported. After examining many previous reports, we found that Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., Vitis vinifera L, and Cinnamomum cassia Presl had a common active compound, procyanidin, and then determined the anti-IAV effect of procyanidin and explored its mechanism of action. With a plaque inhibition assay and a time-of-addition experiment, we found that procyanidin could inhibit the IAV replication at several stages of the life cycle. In the Western blot and EGFP-LC3 localization assays, we found that procyanidin could inhibit the accumulation of LC3II and the dot-like aggregation of EGFP-LC3. In the RT-PCR and Western blot assays, we found procyanidin could inhibit the expression of Atg7, Atg5, and Atg12. Finally, by the bimolecular fluorescence complementation-fluorescence resonance energy transfer and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we found that procyanidin could inhibit the formation of the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 heterotrimer and the dissociation of the beclin1/bcl2 heterodimer. In conclusion, we have established an HTS platform and identified procyanidin as a novel and promising anti-IAV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Dai
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Müller KH, Kakkola L, Nagaraj AS, Cheltsov AV, Anastasina M, Kainov DE. Emerging cellular targets for influenza antiviral agents. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Dai JP, Li WZ, Zhao XF, Wang GF, Yang JC, Zhang L, Chen XX, Xu YX, Li KS. A drug screening method based on the autophagy pathway and studies of the mechanism of evodiamine against influenza A virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42706. [PMID: 22900043 PMCID: PMC3416798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we have established a drug screening method based on the autophagy signal pathway using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BiFC-FRET) technique to develop novel anti-influenza A virus (IAV) drugs. We selected Evodia rutaecarpa Benth out of 83 examples of traditional Chinese medicine and explored the mechanisms of evodiamine, the major active component of Evodia rutaecarpa Benth, on anti-IAV activity. Our results showed that evodiamine could significantly inhibit IAV replication, as determined by a plaque inhibition assay, an IAV vRNA promoter luciferase reporter assay and the Sulforhodamine B method using cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction. Additionally, evodiamine could significantly inhibit the accumulation of LC3-II and p62, and the dot-like aggregation of EGFP-LC3. This compound also inhibited the formation of the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 heterotrimer, the expressions of Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12, and the cytokine release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 after IAV infection. Evodiamine inhibited IAV-induced autophagy was also dependent on its action on the AMPK/TSC2/mTOR signal pathway. In conclusion, we have established a new drug screening method, and selected evodiamine as a promising anti-IAV compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Cai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Xuan Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Giammarioli AM, Gambardella L, Barbati C, Pietraforte D, Tinari A, Alberton M, Gnessi L, Griffin RJ, Minetti M, Malorni W. Differential effects of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the activity of pro-apoptotic agents in metastatic melanoma cells, and induction of a cytoprotective autophagic response. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:E337-47. [PMID: 21913183 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a synthetic glucose analogue that inhibits glycolysis and blocks cancer cell growth. In this report, we evaluated the role of 2DG in the induction of cell death in human metastatic melanoma cells. We have also examined the effects of 2DG in combined treatments with four different pro-apoptotic agents: (i) Temozolomide (TMZ), a chemotherapic drug commonly used to treat metastatic melanoma, (ii) Pyrimethamine (Pyr), a pro-apoptotic antifolate drug recently reappraised in cancer therapy, (iii) Cisplatin (CisPt), a drug capable of directly binding to DNA ultimately triggering apoptosis of cancer cells and (iv) the kinase inhibitor Staurosporine (STS), a prototypical inducer of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. We found that 2DG per se: (i) induced a cell cycle arrest in G(0) /G(1) , (ii) promoted autophagy, (iii) was ineffective in inducing apoptosis in association with the chemotherapic drug TMZ, whereas (iv) it was synergistic with CisPt and STS pro-apoptotic drugs through a mechanism involving changes of mitochondrial homeostasis. Conversely, (v) 2DG hindered the pro-apoptotic effects of Pyr via a mechanism involving either the block of cell cycle in G(0) /G(1) or the modification of the free radical production of the cell, i.e., decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Moreover, a clear-cut autophagic response involving endoplasmic reticulum remodelling was detectable. Since autophagic cytoprotection has been suggested to contribute to the induction of chemoresistance, these results could provide useful clues as concerns the use of 2DG as anticancer agent in combinatory protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Giammarioli
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Hua Y, Zhang Y, Ceylan-Isik AF, Wold LE, Nunn JM, Ren J. Chronic Akt activation accentuates aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial contractile dysfunction: role of autophagy. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1173-91. [PMID: 21901288 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied with geometric and functional changes in the heart, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence has described a potential role of Akt and autophagy in aging-associated organ deterioration. This study was to examine the impact of cardiac-specific Akt activation on aging-induced cardiac geometric and functional changes and underlying mechanisms involved. Cardiac geometry, contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were evaluated using echocardiography, edge-detection and fura-2 techniques. Level of insulin signaling and autophagy was evaluated by western blot. Our results revealed cardiac hypertrophy (enlarged chamber size, wall thickness, myocyte cross-sectional area), fibrosis, decreased cardiac contractility, prolonged relengthening along with compromised intracellular Ca(2+) release and clearance in aged (24-26 month-old) mice compared with young (3-4 month-old) mice, the effects of which were accentuated by chronic Akt activation. Aging enhanced Akt and mTOR phosphorylation while reducing that of PTEN, AMPK and ACC with a more pronounced response in Akt transgenic mice. GSK3β phosphorylation and eNOS levels were unaffected by aging or Akt overexpression. Levels of beclin-1, Atg5 and LC3-II-to-LC3-I ratio were decreased in aged hearts, the effect of which with the exception of Atg 5 was exacerbated by Akt overactivation. Levels of p62 were significantly enhanced in aged mice with a more pronounced increase in Akt mice. Neither aging nor Akt altered β-glucuronidase activity and cathepsin B although aging reduced LAMP1 level. In addition, rapamycin reduced aging-induced cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction while Akt activation suppressed autophagy in young but not aged cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest that Akt may accentuate aging-induced cardiac geometric and contractile defects through a loss of autophagic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Kaminskyy V, Zhivotovsky B. Proteases in autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:44-50. [PMID: 21640203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process involved in the proteolytic degradation of cellular macromolecules in lysosomes, which requires the activity of proteases, enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds and play a critical role in the initiation and execution of autophagy. Importantly, proteases also inhibit autophagy in certain cases. The initial steps of macroautophagy depend on the proteolytic processing of a particular protein, Atg8, by a cysteine protease, Atg4. This processing step is essential for conjugation of Atg8 with phosphatidylethanolamine and, subsequently, autophagosome formation. Lysosomal hydrolases, known as cathepsins, can be divided into several groups based on the catalitic residue in the active site, namely, cysteine, serine and aspartic cathepsins, which catalyse the cleavage of peptide bonds of autophagy substrates and, together with other factors, dispose of the autophagic flux. Whilst most cathepsins degrade autophagosomal content, some, such as cathepsin L, also degrade lysosomal membrane components, GABARAP-II and LC3-II. In contrast, cathepsin A, a serine protease, is involved in inhibition of chaperon-mediated autophagy through proteolytic processing of LAMP-2A. In addition, other families of calcium-dependent non-lysosomal cysteine proteases, such as calpains, and cysteine aspartate-specific proteases, such as caspases, may cleave autophagy-related proteins, negatively influencing the execution of autophagic processes. Here we discuss the current state of knowledge concerning protein degradation by autophagy and outline the role of proteases in autophagic processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kaminskyy
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
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