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Charoensaensuk V, Huang BR, Huang ST, Lin C, Xie SY, Chen CW, Chen YC, Cheng HT, Liu YS, Lai SW, Shen CK, Lin HJ, Yang LY, Lu DY. LPS priming-induced immune tolerance mitigates LPS-stimulated microglial activation and social avoidance behaviors in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:225-235. [PMID: 38485340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of LPS tolerance on the inflammatory homeostasis of immune cells. LPS priming-induced immune tolerance downregulated cyclooxygenase-2, and lowered the production of prostaglandin-E2 in microglial cells. In addition, LPS tolerance downregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide; suppressed the LPS-mediated induction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1; and reduced reactive oxygen species production in microglial cells. LPS stimulation increased the levels of the adaptive response-related proteins heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 2, and the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enhanced after LPS priming. Systemic administration of low-dose LPS (0.5 mg/kg) to mice for 4 consecutive days attenuated high-dose LPS (5 mg/kg)-induced inflammatory response, microglial activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, repeated exposure to low-dose LPS suppressed the recruitment of peripheral monocytes or macrophages to brain regions and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, LPS-induced social avoidance behaviors in mice were mitigated by immune tolerance. In conclusion, immune tolerance may reduce proinflammatory cytokine expression and reactive oxygen species production. Our findings provide insights into the effects of endotoxin tolerance on innate immune cells and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404328, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404328, Taiwan; Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan; Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Milanowski J, Kozerawski K, Falęcka W, Dudek D, Lisewska B, Lisewski P, Nuszkiewicz J, Wesołowski R, Wojtasik J, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Szewczyk-Golec K. Changes in the Secretion of Melatonin and Selected Adipokines during the Progression of Parkinson's Disease-Preliminary Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050668. [PMID: 37233709 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting elderly people. Considering the gap in the literature on melatonin and adipokine levels in PD patients at various stages of the disease, we conducted a study to investigate the levels of selected parameters in PD patients at the disease's early (ES) and advanced (AS) stages. Melatonin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations were measured in the blood serum of 20 PD patients without dyskinesia (ES), 24 PD patients with dyskinesia (AS), and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group (CG). The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Melatonin was significantly lower in ES (p < 0.05) and higher in AS patients (p < 0.05) compared to CG. The level of leptin was increased both in ES (p < 0.001) and AS (p < 0.001) versus CG, while resistin was increased only in patients with dyskinesia (p < 0.05). Higher melatonin (p < 0.001) and resistin (p < 0.05) and lower leptin (p < 0.05) levels were found in AS versus ES. The main findings of the study include the changes in inflammatory markers' levels during PD and a surprising increase in melatonin level in dyskinesia patients. Further research is necessary, which will be aimed at modulating the secretion of melatonin and adipokines as a treatment target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Milanowski
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozerawski
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Weronika Falęcka
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominik Dudek
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Roland Wesołowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Wojtasik
- Centre for Statistical Analysis, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Chopina 12/18 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Regensburger M, Rasul Chaudhry S, Yasin H, Zhao Y, Stadlbauer A, Buchfelder M, Kinfe T. Emerging roles of leptin in Parkinson's disease: Chronic inflammation, neuroprotection and more? Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:53-61. [PMID: 36150585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of experimental evidence implicates a relationship between immunometabolic deterioration and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) with a dysregulation of central and peripheral neuroinflammatory networks mediated by circulating adipokines, in particular leptin. We screened the current literature on the role of adipokines in PD. Hence, we searched known databases (PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID) and reviewed original and review articles using the following terms: "leptin/ObR", "Parkinson's disease", "immune-metabolism", "biomarkers" and "neuroinflammation". Focusing on leptin, we summarize and discuss the existing in vivo and in vitro evidence on how adipokines may be protective against neurodegeneration, but at the same time contribute to the progression of PD. These components of the adipose brain axis represent a hitherto underestimated pathway to study systemic influences on dopaminergic degeneration. In addition, we give a comprehensive update on the potential of adjunctive therapeutics in PD targeting leptin, leptin-receptors, and associated pathways. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action and the value of central and peripheral adipose-immune-metabolism molecular phenotyping in order to develop and validate the differential roles of different adipokines as potential therapeutic target for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shafqat Rasul Chaudhry
- Obaid Noor Institute of Medical Sciences (ONIMS), Mianwali, Pakistan; Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Yasin
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yining Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kinfe
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Gao L, Chen J, Li Q, Huo L, Wang Y, Wang H, Du J. Pharmacological Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757161. [PMID: 34887759 PMCID: PMC8650509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Genetic and environmental factors can produce OS, which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) orchestrates activation of multiple protective genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which protects cells from OS. Nrf2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Recently, a series of studies have reported that different bioactive compounds were shown to be able to activate Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) and can ameliorate PD-associated neurotoxin, both in animal models and in tissue culture. In this review, we briefly overview the sources of OS and the association between OS and the pathogenesis of PD. Then, we provided a concise overview of Nrf2/ARE pathway and delineated the role played by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 in PD. At last, we expand our discussion to the neuroprotective effects of pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 by bioactive compounds and the potential application of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of PD. This review suggests that pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by bioactive compounds is a therapeutic target of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang C, Huang X, Tian S, Huang R, Guo D, Lin H, Wang J, Wang S. High Plasma Resistin Levels Portend the Insulin Resistance-Associated Susceptibility to Early Cognitive Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:807-815. [PMID: 32333593 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia occur frequently prior to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE We investigated the involvement of resistin in these metabolic abnormalities contributes to MCI in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 138 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into MCI and non-MCI groups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Metabolic indicators and cognitive state were assessed, and plasma resistin levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The resistin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores of MCI and gender-stratified subgroups were significantly higher than those of controls without MCI (all p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the resistin level was negatively associated with majority of cognitive domains, e.g., MoCA (r = -0.693, p < 0.001) and Mini-Mental State Examination (r = -0.571, p < 0.001), and was related to HOMA-IR (r = 0.667, p < 0.001) but not to obesity and lipid indices. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that resistin (β= -0.675, p < 0.001) and educational level (β= 0.177, p = 0.003) were independent risk factors of MoCA in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS High plasma resistin levels portend the insulin resistance-related susceptibility to early cognitive decline in Chinese patients with T2DM. The involvement of this adipokine in other metabolic disorders leading to diabetic MCI and its clinical value for early disease screening must be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sai Tian
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Pichiah PBT, Sankarganesh D, Arunachalam S, Achiraman S. Adipose-Derived Molecules-Untouched Horizons in Alzheimer's Disease Biology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32116650 PMCID: PMC7032035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise with the increase in obesity and metabolic disease epidemic. Obesity is co-morbid with the increase in mass of adipose tissue, which secretes numerous molecules that are biologically important. Obesity and its associated conditions are perhaps involved in the causative pathway of AD. Immunologically important cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18, which are released by adipose tissue, are also found to be associated with AD. Besides, the expression of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNF alpha are also associated with AD. Ang-I and Ang-II are found to mediate the progression of AD. Complement factors B, C4b, and H are differentially expressed in AD. Overall, several adipocyte-derived cytokines are found to be dysregulated in AD, and their role in AD remains to be studied. The induction of autophagy is a very promising strategy in the treatment of AD. A variety of adipose-derived molecules have been shown to modulate autophagy. However, very little literature is available on the role of adipose-derived molecules in inducing autophagy in microglial cells of AD. Understanding the role of adipose-derived molecules in the development of AD, especially in the induction of autophagy, would open up new avenues in devising strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, Ortolano S, Pani G, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Peterson P, Tuna BG, Dogan S, Meyer A, van Os R, Trendelenburg AU. Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:214-277. [PMID: 30071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. METHODS Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several "hallmark of aging" pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six "hallmark of aging" pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. CONCLUSION Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) α-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin α, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Behrouzifar S, Vakili A, Barati M. The Effects of Mouse Recombinant Resistin on mRNA Expression of Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Heat Shock Protein-70 in Experimental Stroke Model. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:3272-3279. [PMID: 30120034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent research showed that resistin has a neuroprotective effect against stroke-induced injury through suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection of resistin is unclear. This work was designed to examine the effect of mouse recombinant resistin on mRNA expression of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1), and Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) in mouse model of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β1, and HSP-70 mRNA were detected at sham (0 hour), 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after MCAO using real-time QRT-PCR method. Moreover, animals were treated with resistin at the dose of 400ng/mouse at the commencement of MCAO, and mRNA expression of the cytokines and HSP-70 was measured 24 hours after MCAO. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β mRNA expression markedly increased at 12-hour time point and then returned to the basal level at 24 hours after MCAO; but HSP-70 mRNA expression increased at 24-hour time point. Furthermore, resistin (400 ng/mouse) significantly increased TGF-β1 and IL-10 and decreased HSP-70 gene expression at 24 hours after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that a molecular mechanism of attenuating ischemic damage by resistin administration probably is increased mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, applying resistin in the clinical settings for the treatment of stroke deserves further researches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Behrouzifar
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abedin Vakili
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Allegra A, Innao V, Gerace D, Allegra AG, Vaddinelli D, Bianco O, Musolino C. The adipose organ and multiple myeloma: Impact of adipokines on tumor growth and potential sites for therapeutic intervention. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 53:12-20. [PMID: 29859797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its capacity to store lipids the adipose tissue is now identified as a real organ with both endocrine and metabolic roles. Preclinical results indicate that modifying adipose tissue and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) could be a successful multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. BMAT interrelates with bone marrow cells and other immune cells, and may influence MM disease progression. The BM adipocytes may have a role in MM progression, bone homing, chemoresistance, and relapse, due to local endocrine, paracrine, or metabolic factors. BM adipocytes isolated from MM subjects have been shown to increase myeloma growth in vitro and may preserve cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. By producing free fatty acids and emitting signaling molecules such as growth factors and adipokines, BM adipocytes are both an energy font and an endocrine signaling factory. This review should suggest future research approaches toward developing novel treatments to target MM by targeting BMAT and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Gerace
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Doriana Vaddinelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Oriana Bianco
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
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Behrouzifar S, Vakili A, Bandegi AR, Kokhaei P. Neuroprotective nature of adipokine resistin in the early stages of focal cerebral ischemia in a stroke mouse model. Neurochem Int 2018; 114:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Sun J, Wei X, Lu Y, Cui M, Li F, Lu J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis of chondrocytes by regulating CREB/HO-1 in osteoarthritis. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:211-218. [PMID: 28843170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
GRX1 (glutaredoxin1), a sulfhydryl disulfide oxidoreductase, is involved in many cellular processes, including anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and regulation of cell differentiation. However, the role of GRX1 in the oxidative stress and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocytes remains unclear, prompting the current study. Protein and mRNA expressions were measured by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Oxidative stress was detected by the measurement of MDA and SOD contents. Cells apoptosis were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI and caspase-3 activity assays. We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of GRX1 were significantly down-regulated in osteoarthritis tissues and cells. GRX1 overexpression increased the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and HO-1. Meanwhile, GRX1 overexpression inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Furthermore, we found that GRX1 overexpression regulated HO-1 by increasing CREB, and that HO-1 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Thus, GRX1 overexpression constrains oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes by regulating CREB/HO-1, providing a novel insight into the molecular mechanism and potential treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xuelei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yandong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fangguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
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13
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Pang J, Shi Q, Liu Z, He J, Liu H, Lin P, Cui J, Yang J. Resistin induces multidrug resistance in myeloma by inhibiting cell death and upregulating ABC transporter expression. Haematologica 2017; 102:1273-1280. [PMID: 28360146 PMCID: PMC5566043 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, multiple myeloma remains incurable, with a high frequency of relapse. This suggests the need to identify additional factors that contribute to drug resistance. Our previous studies revealed that bone marrow adipocytes promote resistance to chemotherapy in myeloma through adipocyte-secreted adipokines, but the mechanism underlying this effect and the specific adipokines involved are not well understood. We proposed to determine the role of resistin, an adipokine that is secreted by adipocytes, in chemotherapy resistance in myeloma. We found that resistin abrogated chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in established myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma samples. Resistin inhibited chemotherapy-induced caspase cleavage through the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways. Resistin also increased the expression and drug efflux function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in myeloma cells through decreasing the expression of both DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a and the methylation levels of ABC gene promoters. In vivo studies further demonstrated the protective effect of resistin in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Our study thus reveals a new biological function of resistin in the pathogenesis of myeloma, with the implication that targeting resistin could be a potential strategy to prevent or overcome multidrug resistance in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Pang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China,Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiaofa Shi
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Immunology Department of Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China,Correspondence: or
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China,Correspondence: or
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14
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Lin HY, Tsai CH, Lin C, Yeh WL, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Wu LH, Lu DY. Cobalt Protoporphyrin Upregulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Through a Heme Oxygenase-Independent Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4497-508. [PMID: 26255181 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is a potent HO-1 inducer and generally known to be an antioxidant in various cell types. Little is known about the CoPP-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and its downstream signaling in microglial cells. In current study, CoPP caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in COX-2 expression in microglial cells. Furthermore, activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1/MAP kinase involved in CoPP-induced COX-2 expression in microglia. CoPP also induced P2X7 receptor activation, and treatment of P2X7 inhibitors effectively reduced CoPP-induced COX-2 expression. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) 1 is reported to be involved in modulating anti-inflammatory response through negative regulation of transcription factors. Interestingly, treatment with CoPP markedly induced PIAS1 degradation which is regulated by PI3K, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK3α/β) signaling pathways. These results suggest that CoPP induces COX-2 expression through activating P2X7 receptors and ASK1/MAP kinases as well as PIAS1 degradation signaling pathways. Our study provides a new insight into the regulatory effect of CoPP on neuroinflammation in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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15
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Lin C, Lin HY, Chen JH, Tseng WP, Ko PY, Liu YS, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Effects of paeonol on anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8844-60. [PMID: 25906473 PMCID: PMC4425112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies suggest that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Development of planning for microglial suppression is considered a key strategy in the search for neuroprotection. Paeonol is a major phenolic component of Moutan Cortex, widely used as a nutrient supplement in Chinese medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of paeonol on microglial cells stimulated by inflammagens. Paeonol significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with paeonol also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibited an ATP-induced increased cell migratory activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of neuroinflammation by paeonol were found to be regulated by phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK 3α/β). Treatment with AMPK or GSK3 inhibitors reverse the inhibitory effect of neuroinflammation by paeonol in microglial cells. Furthermore, paeonol treatment also showed significant improvement in the rotarod performance and microglial activation in the mouse model as well. The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of paeonol on neuroinflammation, and presents a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Pei Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying Ko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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16
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Tsai CF, Kuo YH, Yeh WL, Wu CYJ, Lin HY, Lai SW, Liu YS, Wu LH, Lu JK, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on neuroinflammation in microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5572-89. [PMID: 25768341 PMCID: PMC4394493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been widely demonstrated to mediate inflammatory processes that are crucial in several neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmaceuticals that can deliver direct inhibitory effects on microglia are therefore considered as a potential strategy to counter balance neurodegenerative progression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenol in honeybee propolis, is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Accordingly, the current study intended to probe the effects of CAPE on microglia activation by using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot and Griess reaction assay revealed CAPE significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the production of nitric oxide (NO). Administration of CAPE resulted in increased expressions of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1and erythropoietin (EPO) in microglia. The phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α was further found to regulate the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid. In vivo results from immunohistochemistry along with rotarod test also revealed the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CAPE in microglia activation. The current study has evidenced several possible molecular determinants, AMPKα, EPO, and HO-1, in mediating anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Kun Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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17
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Barone E, Butterfield DA. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease: Is heme oxygenase-1 an Achille's heel? Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:69-77. [PMID: 25731746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, clinically defined as the inability of insulin to increase glucose uptake and utilization, has been found to be associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Indeed, postmortem AD brain shows all the signs of insulin resistance including: (i) reduced brain insulin receptor (IR) sensitivity, (ii) hypophosphorylation of the insulin receptor and downstream second messengers such as IRS-1, and (iii) attenuated insulin and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor expression. However, the exact mechanisms driving insulin resistance have not been completely elucidated. Quite recently, the levels of the peripheral inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO-1), a well-known protein up-regulated during cell stress response, were proposed to be among the strongest positive predictors of metabolic disease, including insulin resistance. Because our group previously reported on levels, activation state and oxidative stress-induced post-translational modifications of HO-1 in AD brain and our ongoing studies to better elucidate the role of HO-1 in insulin resistance-associated AD pathology, the aim of this review is to provide reader with a critical analysis on new aspects of the interplay between HO-1 and insulin resistance and on how the available lines of evidence could be useful for further comprehension of processes in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
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18
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Segura-Aguilar J, Kostrzewa RM. Neurotoxin mechanisms and processes relevant to Parkinson's disease: an update. Neurotox Res 2015; 27:328-54. [PMID: 25631236 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for degenerative process in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. One major advance in this field has been the discovery of several genes associated to familial PD, including alpha synuclein, parkin, LRRK2, etc., thereby providing important insight toward basic research approaches. There is an consensus in neurodegenerative research that mitochon dria dysfunction, protein degradation dysfunction, aggregation of alpha synuclein to neurotoxic oligomers, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in degeneration of the neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons that are lost in the disease. An update of the mechanisms relating to neurotoxins that are used to produce preclinical models of Parkinson´s disease is presented. 6-Hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and rotenone have been the most wisely used neurotoxins to delve into mechanisms involved in the loss of dopaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin. Neurotoxins generated from dopamine oxidation during neuromelanin formation are likewise reviewed, as this pathway replicates neurotoxin-induced cellular oxidative stress, inactivation of key proteins related to mitochondria and protein degradation dysfunction, and formation of neurotoxic aggregates of alpha synuclein. This survey of neurotoxin modeling-highlighting newer technologies and implicating a variety of processes and pathways related to mechanisms attending PD-is focused on research studies from 2012 to 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile,
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19
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Naringenin Suppresses Neuroinflammatory Responses Through Inducing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1080-1091. [PMID: 25579382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is considered to be microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated microglia release pro-inflammatory cytokines which cause neuroinflammation and progressive neuronal cell death. Therefore, inhibition of microglial activation is considered an important strategy in the development of neuroprotective strategy. Naringenin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism of its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that naringenin inhibites the release of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cells. Treatment of naringenin also induced suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 expression in microglia. The SOCS-3 expression and anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin were found to be regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and protein kinase C δ (PKCδ). Besides, naringenin exerted protective property against neurotoxicity caused by LPS-induced microglial activation. Our findings suggest that naringenin-inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression is mediated by SOCS-3 activation through AMPKα and PKCδ signaling pathways. In a mouse model, naringenin also showed significant protective effects on microglial activation and improved motor coordination function as well. Therefore, naringenin that involves in anti-neuroinflammatory responses and neuroprotection might be a potential agent for treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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Letra L, Santana I, Seiça R. Obesity as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: the role of adipocytokines. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:563-8. [PMID: 24553879 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is an aging-related multi-factorial disorder and growing evidence support the contribution of metabolic factors to what was formerly thought to be a centrally mediated process. Obesity has already been recognized as an important player in the pathogenesis of this type of dementia, independently of insulin resistance or other vascular risk factors. Although the exact underlying mechanisms are still unknown, adipocyte dysfunction and concomitant alteration in adipocyte-derived protein secretion seem to be involved, since these adipocytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and influence cognitive-related structures. Very few studies have assessed the role of adipocytokines dysfunction on cognitive impaired patients and yielded contradictory results. Interestingly, extensive research on the central effects of leptin in Alzheimer's disease-transgenic mice has demonstrated its capacity to enhance synaptic plasticity and strength, as well as to prevent beta-amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation. In addition, adiponectin, the most abundant adipocytokine whose levels are inversely correlated to adiposity, has shown to be neuroprotective to hippocampal cells. Many other adipose-derived cytokines have mainly pro-inflammatory properties, being able to trigger and/or enhance central inflammatory cascades and also to influence the secretion of other adipocytokines involved in cognition. This paper pretends to review the existing evidence on the contribution of adipocytokines dysfunction to the increased risk of dementia associated with mid-life obesity, unraveling its insulin-independent effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal, Av. Bissaya Barreto - Praceta Prof Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal,
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21
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Mesenchymal stem cell-induced doxorubicin resistance in triple negative breast cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:532161. [PMID: 25140317 PMCID: PMC4124237 DOI: 10.1155/2014/532161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and a worse clinical outcome compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Doxorubicin is considered to be one of the most effective agents in the treatment of TNBC. Unfortunately, resistance to this agent is common. In some drug-resistant cells, drug efflux is mediated by adenosine triphosphate-dependent membrane transporter termed adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which can drive the substrates across membranes against concentration gradient. In the tumor microenvironment, upon interaction with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tumor cells exhibit altered biological functions of certain gene clusters, hence increasing stemness of tumor cells, migration ability, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. In our present study, we investigated the mechanism of TNBC drug resistance induced by adipose-derived MSCs. Upon exposure of TNBC to MSC-secreted conditioned medium (CM), noticeable drug resistance against doxorubicin with markedly increased BCRP protein expression was observed. Intracellular doxorubicin accumulation of TNBC was also decreased by MSC-secreted CM. Furthermore, we found that doxorubicin resistance of TNBC was mediated by IL-8 presented in the MSC-secreted CM. These findings may enrich the list of potential targets for overcoming drug resistance induced by MSCs in TNBC patients.
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22
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Chuang JY, Chang PC, Shen YC, Lin C, Tsai CF, Chen JH, Yeh WL, Wu LH, Lin HY, Liu YS, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of fisetin on microglial activation. Molecules 2014; 19:8820-39. [PMID: 24972270 PMCID: PMC6271444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play a key role in neurodegeneration. Fisetin, a plant flavonol commonly found in fruits and vegetables, is frequently added to nutritional supplements due to its antioxidant properties. In the present study, treatment with fisetin inhibited microglial cell migration and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. Treatment with fisetin also effectively inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglial cells. Furthermore, fisetin also reduced expressions of iNOS and NO by stimulation of peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Fisetin also inhibited the enhancement of LPS/IFN-γ- or peptidoglycan-induced inflammatory mediator IL (interlukin)-1 β expression. Besides the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin, our study also elucidates the manner in fisetin-induced an endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme HO (heme oxygenase)-1 expression. Moreover, the regulatory molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced HO-1 expression operates through the PI-3 kinase/AKT and p38 signaling pathways in microglia. Notably, fisetin also significantly attenuated inflammation-related microglial activation and coordination deficit in mice in vivo. These findings suggest that fisetin may be a candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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p53 is a key regulator for osthole-triggered cancer pathogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:175247. [PMID: 25013761 PMCID: PMC4075183 DOI: 10.1155/2014/175247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osthole has been reported to have antitumor activities via the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth and metastasis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of osthole in human colon cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we have assessed osthole-induced cell death in two different human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480. Our results also showed that osthole activated proapoptotic signaling pathways in human colon cancer cells. By using cell culture insert system, osthole reduced cell motility in both human colon cancer cell lines. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in p53 activation. Expression of p53, an apoptotic protein, was remarkably upregulated in cells treated with osthole. Importantly, the levels of phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (p-p53) and acetylation of p53 on Lys379 (acetyl-p53) were increased under osthole treatment. Our results also demonstrated that p53 was activated followed by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our study provides novel insights of p53-mediated responses under osthole treatment. Taken together, we concluded that osthole induces cancer cell death and inhibits migratory activity in a controlled manner and is a promising candidate for antitumor drug development.
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Yeh WL, Lin HY, Wu HM, Chen DR. Combination treatment of tamoxifen with risperidone in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98805. [PMID: 24886861 PMCID: PMC4041865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen has long been used and still is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for treatment of both early and advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopause women. Tamoxifen exerts its cytotoxic effect primarily through cytostasis which is associated with the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Apoptotic activity can also be exerted by tamoxifen which involves cleavage of caspase 9, caspase 7, caspase 3, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak have also been observed. In addition, stress response protein of GRP 94 and GRP 78 have also been induced by tamoxifen in our study. However, side effects occur during tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients. Researching into combination regimen of tamoxifen and drug(s) that relieves tamoxifen-induced hot flushes is important, because drug interactions may decrease tamoxifen efficacy. Risperidone has been shown to be effective in reducing or eliminating hot flushes on women with hormonal variations. In this present study, we demonstrated that combination of tamoxifen with risperidone did not interfered tamoxifen-induced cytotoxic effects in both in vitro and in vivo models, while fluoxetine abrogated the effects of tamoxifen. This is the first paper suggesting the possibility of combination treatment of tamoxifen with risperidone in breast cancer patients, providing a conceivable resolution of tamoxifen-induced side effects without interfering the efficacy of tamoxifen against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (DRC); (WLY)
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (DRC); (WLY)
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25
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Chan TM, Chen JYR, Ho LI, Lin HP, Hsueh KW, Liu DD, Chen YH, Hsieh AC, Tsai NM, Hueng DY, Tsai ST, Chou PW, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. ADSC Therapy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:549-57. [PMID: 24816450 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, chronic diseases that can severely affect the patient's daily life, include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. However, these diseases all have the common characteristic that they are due to degenerative irreversibility, and thus no efficient drugs or therapy methods can mitigate symptoms completely. Stem cell therapy, such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), is a promising treatment for incurable disorders. In this review, we summarized the previous studies using ADSCs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, as well as their therapeutic mechanisms. We also suggested possible expectations for future human clinical trials involving minimized intracerebroventricular combined with intravenous administration, using different cell lineages to finish complementary therapy as well as change the extracellular matrix to create a homing niche. Depending on successful experiments in relevant neurodegenerative disorders models, this could form the theoretical basis for future human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Min Chan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Ing Ho
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Hsueh
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Demeral David Liu
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Hsieh
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tzeng Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tzu Chi General Hospital/Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chou
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Guang Li Biomedicine, Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Osthole suppresses the migratory ability of human glioblastoma multiforme cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3889-903. [PMID: 24599080 PMCID: PMC3975374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. GBM often invades surrounding regions of the brain during its early stages, making successful treatment difficult. Osthole, an active constituent isolated from the dried C. monnieri fruit, has been shown to suppress tumor migration and invasion. However, the effects of osthole in human GBM are largely unknown. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for the metastasis of cancer cells. Results from this study show that osthole can not only induce cell death but also inhibit phosphorylation of FAK in human GBM cells. Results from this study show that incubating GBM cells with osthole reduces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and cell motility, as assessed by cell transwell and wound healing assays. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in reducing FAK activation, MMP-13 expression, and cell motility in human GBM cells.
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27
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Antineuroinflammatory effects of lycopene via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α1/heme oxygenase-1 pathways. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Li X, Geng J, Liu J. Adiponectin offers protection against L166P mutant DJ-1-induced neuronal cytotoxicity mediated by APPL1-dependent AMPK activation. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:350-61. [PMID: 24047115 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.846340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. L166P mutant DJ-1 has been linked with a genetic form of the disease. Preventing neurotoxicity of DJ-1 familial mutations has become a new therapeutic target for PD. Adiponectin, the most abundantly secreted adipokine, has displayed its protective roles in pathologies of various types of diseases. In this study, we investigate whether adiponectin is protective against neurotoxicity induced by familial L166P mutant DJ-1 in PD. Our results demonstrate that adiponectin treatment could attenuate increased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide induced by the DJ-1L166P mutation. In addition, adiponectin could rescue impaired mitochondrial membrane potential induced by DJ-1L166P. Importantly, we verified that both adiponectin receptors, type 1 (AdipoR1) and type 2 (AdipoR2), are expressed in human neuroblastoma M17 cells. Our results also demonstrate that the protective effects of adiponectin against DJ-1L166P-induced neuronal cytotoxicity under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment require binding of adiponectin to its cell surface receptors. Finally, we found that the protective effects of adiponectin against DJ-1L166P depend on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation mediated by the endosomal adaptor protein, APPL1 (adaptor protein with phosphotyrosine binding, pleckstrin homology domains and leucine zipper motif). These data suggest that adiponectin may have potential for implementation in novel therapies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University , Weifang, Shangdong Province , China and
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29
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Liu J, Chi N, Chen H, Zhang J, Bian Y, Cui G, Xiu C. Resistin protection against endogenous Aβ neuronal cytotoxicity from mitochondrial pathway. Brain Res 2013; 1523:77-84. [PMID: 23747409 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity of amyloid β (Aβ) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In this study, we researched the potential protective effects of resistin against Aβ neurotoxicity in mouse Neuro2a (N2a) cells transfected with the Swedish amyloid precursor protein (Sw-APP) mutant and Presenilin exon 9 deletion mutant (N2a/D9), which overproduced Aβ with abnormal intracellular Aβ accumulation. The results show increased levels of ROS, NO, protein carbonyls, and 4HNE in N2a/D9 cells, which were attenuated by resistin treatment in a dose dependent manner. We also found that resistin could improve mitochondrial function in N2a/D9 cells through increasing the level of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential. MTT and LDH assay indicated that N2a/D9 cells show increased vulnerability to H2O2-induced insult, which could be ameliorated by resistin. Mechanically, we found that resistin prevented apoptosis signals through reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl2, the level of cleaved caspase-3, and attenuating cytochrome C release. Finally, the results demonstrated that resistin did not change the production of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in N2a/D9 cells, which suggests that the protective effects of resistin are independent of APP metabolism. This raises the possibility of novel AD therapies using resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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30
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Huang BR, Tsai CF, Lin HY, Tseng WP, Huang SS, Wu CR, Lin C, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Interaction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in microglia by Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipoteichoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Pranski EL, Dalal NV, Sanford CV, Herskowitz JH, Gearing M, Lazo C, Miller GW, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Betarbet RS. RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) modulates susceptibility to 6-OHDA-induced nigral degeneration and behavioral deficits through NF-κB signaling in dopaminergic cells. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:264-79. [PMID: 23318928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of the NF-κB pathway is associated with progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Given the role of neuronal RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) as a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway, in this report we investigated the function of RNF11 in dopaminergic cells in PD-associated neurodegeneration. We found that RNF11 knockdown in an in vitro model of PD mediated protection against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. In converse, over-expression of RNF11 enhanced 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic cell death. Furthermore, by directly manipulating NF-κB signaling, we showed that the observed RNF11-enhanced 6-OHDA toxicity is mediated through inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription of TNF-α, antioxidants GSS and SOD1, and anti-apoptotic factor BCL2. Experiments in an in vivo 6-OHDA rat model of PD recapitulated the in vitro results. In vivo targeted RNF11 over-expression in nigral neurons enhanced 6-OHDA toxicity, as evident by increased amphetamine-induced rotations and loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons as compared to controls. This enhanced toxicity was coupled with the downregulation of NF-κB transcribed GSS, SOD1, BCL2, and neurotrophic factor BDNF mRNA levels, in addition to decreased TNF-α mRNA levels in ventral mesenchephalon samples. In converse, knockdown of RNF11 was associated with protective phenotypes and increased expression of above-mentioned NF-κB transcribed genes. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that RNF11-mediated inhibition of NF-κB in dopaminergic cells exaggerates 6-OHDA toxicity by inhibiting neuroprotective responses while loss of RNF11 inhibition on NF-κB activity promotes neuronal survival. The decreased expression of RNF11 in surviving cortical and nigral tissue detected in PD patients, thus implies a compensatory response in the diseased brain to PD-associated insults. In summary, our findings demonstrate that RNF11 in neurons can modulate susceptibility to 6-OHDA toxicity through NF-κB mediated responses. This neuron-specific role of RNF11 in the brain has important implications for targeted therapeutics aimed at preventing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Pranski
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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