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Chen J, Liao J, Yu W, Cao H, Hu G, Tang Z, Al-Mutairi KA, Yang F. Copper toxicity in the liver of broiler chicken: insights from metabolomics and AMPK-mTOR mediated autophagy perspective. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104011. [PMID: 38991386 PMCID: PMC11296035 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to copper (Cu) has been associated with metabolic disorders in animals and humans, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. One-day-old broiler chickens, numbering a total of 192, were nourished with dietary intakes that contained varying concentrations of Cu, specifically 11, 110, 220, and 330 mg/kg of Cu, for a period extending over a duration of 7 wk. As a result of the study, Cu exposure resulted in vacuolization, fragmentation of mitochondria cristae, and the increase of autophagosomes in hepatocytes. Metabolomics analysis illustrated that Cu caused a total of 59 different metabolites in liver, predominantly associated with the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway, leading to metabolic disruption. Moreover, high-Cu diet markedly reduced the levels of AMPKα1, p-AMPKα1, mTOR, and p-mTOR and enhanced the expression levels of the autophagy-related factors (Atg5, Dynein, Beclin1, and LC3-II). Overall, Cu exposure caused chicken liver injury and resulted in disturbed metabolic processes and mediated autophagy primarily through the AMPK-mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, PR China.
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Liu Y, Wu H, Zhou G, Zhang D, Yang Q, Li Y, Yang X, Sun J. Role of M6a Methylation in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:918-928. [PMID: 39026038 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with acute myocardial infarction and anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity being the significant factors. The most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction is rapid restoration of coronary blood flow by thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention. However, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) after reperfusion therapy is common in acute myocardial infarction, thus affecting the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. There is no effective treatment for MI/RI. Anthracyclines such as Doxorubicin (DOX) have limited clinical use due to their cardiotoxicity, and the mechanism of DOX-induced cardiac injury is complex and not yet fully understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in many biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that m6A methylation plays a critical regulatory role in MI/RI and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), suggesting that m6A may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for MI/RI and DIC. M6A methylation may mediate the pathophysiological processes of MI/RI and DIC by regulating cellular autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. In this paper, we first focus on the relationship between m6A methylation and MI/RI, then further elucidate that m6A methylation may mediate the pathophysiological process of MI/RI through the regulation of cellular autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Finally, briefly outline the roles played by m6A in DIC, which will provide a new methodology and direction for the research and treatment of MI/RI and DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China.
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Qingzhuo Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First College of Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, 443000, China
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Yang JH, Gao J, E YQ, Jiao LJ, Wu R, Yan QY, Wei ZY, Yan GL, Liang JL, Li HZ. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits skeletal muscle ageing by up-regulating autophagy through promoting deubiquitination of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α1 via ubiquitin specific peptidase 5. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39189428 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter discovered, regulates a variety of physiological functions. Whether H2S alleviates skeletal muscle ageing by regulating autophagy has not been reported. METHODS Mice were administered 150 mg/kg/day of D-galactose ( D-gal), and C2C12 myotubes were cultured in 20 g/L D-gal to induce ageing. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was employed as an exogenous donor in the treatment group. The intracellular concentration of H2S was quantified by the 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin fluorescence probe. The proteins involved in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AMPKα1 were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). S-sulfhydration of USP5 was tested by a biotin-switch assay. Associated proteins were analysed by western blot. RESULTS NaHS was found to effectively restore the H2S content in both ageing gastrocnemius (+91.89%, P < 0.001) and C2C12 myotubes (+27.55%, P < 0.001). In comparison to the D-gal group, NaHS was observed to increase the mean cross-sectional area of muscle fibres (+44.91%, P < 0.001), to decrease the collagen volume fraction of gastrocnemius (-81.32%, P = 0.001) and to reduce the β-galactosidase-positive area of C2C12 myotubes (-28.74%, P < 0.001). NaHS was also found to reverse the expression of muscle atrophy F box protein (MAFbx), muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1), Cyclin D1 and p21 in the ageing gastrocnemius tissue (MAFbx: -31.73%, P = 0.008; MuRF1: -32.37%, P = 0.003; Cyclin D1: +45.34%, P = 0.010; p21: -25.53%, P = 0.022) and C2C12 myotubes (MAFbx: -16.38%, P < 0.001; MuRF1: -16.45%, P = 0.003; Cyclin D1: +40.23%, P < 0.001; p21: -35.85%, P = 0.026). The AMPKα1-ULK1 pathway was activated and autophagy was up-regulated in NaHS-treated gastrocnemius tissue (p-AMPKα1: +61.61%, P = 0.018; AMPKα1: +30.64%, P = 0.010; p-ULK1/ULK1: +85.87%, P = 0.005; p62: -29.07%, P < 0.001; Beclin1: +24.75%, P = 0.007; light chain 3 II/I [LC3 II/I]: +55.78%, P = 0.004) and C2C12 myotubes (p-AMPKα1: +77.49%, P = 0.018; AMPKα1: +26.18%, P = 0.022; p-ULK1/ULK1: +38.34%, P = 0.012; p62: -9.02%, P = 0.014; Beclin1: +13.36%, P < 0.001; LC3 II/I: +79.38%, P = 0.017; autophagy flux: +24.88%, P = 0.034) compared with the D-gal group. The effects of NaHS on autophagy were comparable to those of acadesine and LYN-1604, and chloroquine could reverse its effects on ageing. LC-MS/MS and Co-IP experiments demonstrated that USP5 is a deubiquitinating enzyme of AMPKα1. Following the knockdown of USP5, the activation of AMPKα1 was decreased (p-AMPKα1: -42.10%, P < 0.001; AMPKα1: -43.93%, P < 0.001), autophagy was inhibited (p-ULK1/ULK1: -27.51, P = 0.001; p62: +36.00, P < 0.001; Beclin1: -22.15%, P < 0.001) and NaHS lost its ability to up-regulate autophagy. NaHS was observed to restore the expression (gastrocnemius: +62.17%, P < 0.001; C2C12 myotubes: +37.51%, P = 0.003) and S-sulfhydration (+53.07%, P = 0.009) of USP5 and reduce the ubiquitination of AMPKα1. CONCLUSIONS H2S promotes the deubiquitination of AMPKα1 by increasing the expression and S-sulfhydration of USP5, thereby up-regulating autophagy and alleviating skeletal muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Qi E
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Jie Jiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ren Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guo-Liang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Long Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hong-Zhu Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Hongquan L, Nina C, Xia Y, Lujiang Z, Qiuyue R, Fan Y, Fei W, Hongping S, Ting Y, Qiuyan C, Ping W, Zaihui F. BECN1 regulates FADD/RIPK1/Caspase-8 complex formation via RIPK1 ubiquitination by downregulating OTUD1 in MI/R induced myocyte apoptosis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 408:132158. [PMID: 38744338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a vital role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury; however, the role of beclin1 (BECN1) remains unclear. This study aimed at revealing the function of BECN1 during cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R injury. METHODS In vivo, TTC and Evan's blue double staining was applied to verify the gross morphological alteration in both wild type (WT) mice and BECN1 transgene mice (BECN1-TG), and TUNEL staining and western blot were adopted to evaluate the cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In vitro, a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in H9c2 cells to simulate MI/R injury. Proteomics analysis was preformed to verify if apoptosis occurs in the H/R cellular model. And apoptosis factors, RIPK1, Caspase-1, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3, were investigated using western bolting. In addition, the mRNA level were verified using RT-PCR. To further investigate the protein interactions small interfering RNA and lentiviral transfection were used. To continue investigate the protein interactions, immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation were applied. RESULTS Morphologically, BECN1 significantly attenuated the apoptosis from TTC-Evan's staining, TUNEL, and cardiac tissue western blot. After H/R, a RIPK1-induced complex (complex II) containing RIPK1, Caspase-8, and FADD was formed. Thereafter, cleaved Caspase-3 was activated, and myocyte apoptosis occurred. However, BECN1 decreased the expression of RIPK1, Caspase-8, and FADD. Nevertheless, BECN1 overexpression increased RIPK1 ubiquitination before apoptosis by inhibiting OTUD1. CONCLUSIONS BECN1 regulates FADD/RIPK1/Caspase-8 complex formation via RIPK1 ubiquitination by downregulating OTUD1 in C-Caspase-3-induced myocyte apoptosis after MI/R injury. Therefore, BECN1 can function as a cardioprotective candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hongquan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China; Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Chen Nina
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhan Lujiang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Ruan Qiuyue
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Medicine, Honghe Health Vocational College, Honghe, 661100, China
| | - Wen Fei
- Department of Orthopedic, People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Shi Hongping
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Yang Ting
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Chen Qiuyan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China
| | - Wang Ping
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China; Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, Alaer, 843300, China.
| | - Feng Zaihui
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Honghe, Honghe 661000, China.
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Zhang S, Yan F, Luan F, Chai Y, Li N, Wang YW, Chen ZL, Xu DQ, Tang YP. The pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155649. [PMID: 38653154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability, with myocardial ischemia being the predominant type that poses a significant threat to humans. Reperfusion, an essential therapeutic approach, promptly reinstates blood circulation to the ischemic myocardium and stands as the most efficacious clinical method for myocardial preservation. Nevertheless, the restoration of blood flow associated with this process can potentially induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), thereby diminishing the effectiveness of reperfusion and impacting patient prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent and treat MIRI. PURPOSE MIRI is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients, and there is no specific in-clinic treatment plan. In this review, we have endeavored to summarize its pathological mechanisms and therapeutic drugs to provide more powerful evidence for clinical application. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar with a core focus on the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs of MIRI. RESULTS Accumulated evidence revealed that oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism disorder, ferroptosis, inflammatory reaction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis and autophagy regulation have been shown to participate in the process, and that the occurrence and development of MIRI are related to plenty of signaling pathways. Currently, a range of chemical drugs, natural products, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have demonstrated the ability to mitigate MIRI by targeting various mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS At present, most of the research focuses on animal and cell experiments, and the regulatory mechanisms of each signaling pathway are still unclear. The translation of experimental findings into clinical practice remains incomplete, necessitating further exploration through large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials. Given the absence of a specific drug for MIRI, the identification of therapeutic agents to reduce myocardial ischemia is of utmost significance. For the future, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanism underlying MIRI, continuously investigate and develop novel pharmaceutical agents, expedite the clinical translation of these drugs, and foster innovative approaches that integrate TCM with Western medicine. These efforts will facilitate the emergence of fresh perspectives for the clinical management of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Li ZM, Duan SH, Yu TM, Li B, Zhang WK, Zhou CM, Yu XJ. Bunyavirus SFTSV NSs utilizes autophagy to escape the antiviral innate immune response. Autophagy 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38762760 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2356505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) nonstructural protein (NSs) is an important viral virulence factor that sequesters multiple antiviral proteins into inclusion bodies to escape the antiviral innate immune response. However, the mechanism of the NSs restricting host innate immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we found that the NSs induced complete macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with the CCD domain of BECN1, thereby promoting the formation of a BECN1-dependent autophagy initiation complex. Importantly, our data showed that the NSs sequestered antiviral proteins such as TBK1 into autophagic vesicles, and therefore promoted the degradation of TBK1 and other antiviral proteins. In addition, the 8A mutant of NSs reduced the induction of BECN1-dependent autophagy flux and degradation of antiviral immune proteins. In conclusion, our results indicated that SFTSV NSs sequesters antiviral proteins into autophagic vesicles for degradation and to escape antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lv S, Zhao X, Ma C, Zhao D, Sun T, Fu W, Wei Y, Li W. Advancements in the study of acute lung injury resulting from intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1399744. [PMID: 38933104 PMCID: PMC11199783 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1399744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is a prevalent pathological process that can result in intestinal dysfunction, bacterial translocation, energy metabolism disturbances, and subsequent harm to distal tissues and organs via the circulatory system. Acute lung injury frequently arises as a complication of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, exhibiting early onset and a grim prognosis. Without appropriate preventative measures and efficacious interventions, this condition may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and elevate mortality rates. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms and efficacious treatments remain elusive. This paper synthesizes recent research models and pertinent injury evaluation criteria within the realm of acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The objective is to investigate the roles of pathophysiological mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis; and to assess the strengths and limitations of current therapeutic approaches for acute lung injury stemming from intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The goal is to elucidate potential targets for enhancing recovery rates, identify suitable treatment modalities, and offer insights for translating fundamental research into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Can Ma
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dengming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenchao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Harbin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Liu AB, Liu J, Wang S, Ma L, Zhang JF. Biological role and expression of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in tumorigenesis and development and its potential for targeted tumor therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:198. [PMID: 38835077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as histamine-releasing factor (HRF) or fortilin, is a highly conserved protein found in various species. To date, multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of TCTP in a wide range of cellular pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and survival, cell cycle regulation, cell death, as well as cell migration and movement, all of which are major pathogenic mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the functional role of TCTP in tumor initiation and progression, with a particular focus on cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration. It will highlight the expression and pathological implications of TCTP in various tumor types, summarizing the current prevailing therapeutic strategies that target TCTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
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9
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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10
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Liu H, Wang X, He K, Chen Z, Li X, Ren J, Zhao X, Liu S, Zhou T, Chen H. Oxidized DJ-1 activates the p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway by binding PTEN to induce autophagy and exacerbate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176496. [PMID: 38508437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Patients with myocardial infarction have a much worse prognosis when they have myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Further research into the molecular basis of myocardial I/R injury is therefore urgently needed, as well as the identification of novel therapeutic targets and linkages to interventions. Three cysteine residues are present in DJ-1 at amino acids 46, 53, and 106 sites, with the cysteine at position 106 being the most oxidation-prone. This study sought to understand how oxidized DJ-1(C106) contributes to myocardial I/R damage. Rats' left anterior descending branches were tied off to establish a myocardial I/R model in vivo. A myocardial I/R model in vitro was established via anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) of H9c2 cells. The results showed that autophagy increased after I/R, accompanied by the increased expression of oxidized DJ-1 (ox-DJ-1). In contrast, after pretreatment with NAC (N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger) or Comp-23 (Compound-23, a specific antioxidant binding to the C106 site of DJ-1), the levels of ox-DJ-1, autophagy and LDH release decreased, and cell survival rate increased. Furthermore, the inhibition of interaction between ox-DJ-1 and PTEN could increase PTEN phosphatase activity, inhibit the p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway, reduce injurious autophagy, and alleviate A/R injury. However, BA (Betulinic acid, a NF-κB agonist) was able to reverse the protective effects produced by Comp-23 pretreatment. In conclusion, ox-DJ-1 could activate detrimental autophagy through the PTEN/p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway and exacerbate myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Kang He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, PR China
| | - Heping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Luo J, Lang J, Xu W, Wang L, Zhao Z, Jia J, Lang B. Electroacupuncture Alleviates Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment Through Inhibiting miR-135a-5p/mTOR/NLRP3 Axis-mediated Autophagy. Neuroscience 2024; 545:185-195. [PMID: 38522660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a significant challenge with limited treatment options. Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown promise in improving cognitive function after stroke. Our study explores the underlying mechanism of EA in alleviating cognitive impairment through the inhibition of autophagy. We utilized a rat model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to evaluate the efficacy of EA. Treatment with EA was observed to markedly improve cognitive function and reduce inflammation in MCAO rats, as evidenced by decreased neurological deficit scores, shorter latencies in the water maze test, and diminished infarct volumes. EA also attenuated tissue damage in the hippocampus and lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Although autophagy was upregulated in MCAO rats, EA treatment suppressed this process, indicated by a reduction in autophagosome formation and alteration of autophagy-related protein expression. The protective effects of EA were reversed by the autophagy activator rapamycin. EA treatment elevated the levels of microRNA (miR)-135a-5p expression, and suppression of this elevation attenuated the remedial efficacy of EA in addressing cognitive impairment and inflammation. MiR-135a-5p targeted mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling to repress autophagy. EA treatment inhibits autophagy and alleviates cognitive impairment in post-stroke rats. It exerts its beneficial effects by upregulating miR-135a-5p and targeting the mTOR/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Jiawang Lang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Luodan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Boxu Lang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
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Hu T, Hu FJ, Huang H, Zhang ZY, Qiao YM, Huang WX, Wang YC, Tang XY, Lai SQ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy via modulation of 14-3-3η. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116542. [PMID: 38574620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the underlying mechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) are complex and involve multiple types of regulatory cell death, including ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Thus, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying MIRI and validate the protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its related mechanisms in MIRI. An in vivo and in vitro models of MIRI were constructed. The results showed that pretreatment with EGCG could attenuate MIRI, as indicated by increased cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and apoptosis, inhibited iron overload, abnormal lipid metabolism, preserved mitochondrial function, decreased infarct size, maintained cardiac function, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and reduced TUNEL-positive cells. Additionally, EGCG pretreatment could attenuate ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy induced by MIRI via upregulating 14-3-3η protein levels. Furthermore, the protective effects of EGCG could be abolished with pAd/14-3-3η-shRNA or Compound C11 (a 14-3-3η inhibitor) but not pAd/NC-shRNA. In conclusion, EGCG pretreatment attenuated ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy by mediating 14-3-3η and protected cardiomyocytes against MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Fa-Jia Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nanchang University Trauma Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Ya-Mei Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Song-Qing Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Li S, Ren QJ, Xie CH, Cui Y, Xu LT, Wang YD, Li S, Liang XQ, Wen B, Liang MK, Zhao XF. Taurine attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting autophagy and inducing ferroptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2143-2154. [PMID: 38681990 PMCID: PMC11045481 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i15.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response during the tissue repair process in chronic liver injury, and finally leads to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is associated with the progressive accumulation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts to produce an excess of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Myofibroblasts are the main source of the excessive ECM responsible for hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), the principal ECM producing cells in the injured liver, are a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. AIM To explore the effect of taurine on aHSC proliferation and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Human HSCs (LX-2) were randomly divided into five groups: Normal control group, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) (20 ng/mL) treated group, and low, medium, and high dosage of taurine (10 mmol/L, 50 mmol/L, and 100 mmol/L, respectively) with PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL) treated group. Cell Counting Kit-8 method was performed to evaluate the effect of taurine on the viability of aHSCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the effect of taurine on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, glutathione, and iron concentration. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the effect of taurine on the autophagosomes and ferroptosis features in aHSCs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the effect of taurine on the expression of α-SMA, Collagen I, Fibronectin 1, LC3B, ATG5, Beclin 1, PTGS2, SLC7A11, and p62. RESULTS Taurine promoted the death of aHSCs and reduced the deposition of the ECM. Treatment with taurine could alleviate autophagy in HSCs to inhibit their activation, by decreasing autophagosome formation, downregulating LC3B and Beclin 1 protein expression, and upregulating p62 protein expression. Meanwhile, treatment with taurine triggered ferroptosis and ferritinophagy to eliminate aHSCs characterized by iron overload, lipid ROS accumulation, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that taurine had a direct targeting effect on nuclear receptor coactivator 4, exhibiting the best average binding affinity of -20.99 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Taurine exerts therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis via mechanisms that involve inhibition of autophagy and trigger of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in HSCs to eliminate aHSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qian-Jun Ren
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Can-Hao Xie
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Tao Xu
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Dan Wang
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Basic Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Qiu Liang
- Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming-Kun Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Office, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 541100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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14
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Yang X, Wu H, Zhou G, Zhang D, Yang Q, Liu Y, Li Y. Autosis: a new form of cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04988-0. [PMID: 38594455 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes undergo a variety of cell death events during myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury (MIRI). Understanding the causes of cardiomyocyte mortality is critical for the prevention and treatment of MIRI. Among the various types of cell death, autosis is a recently identified type of autophagic cell death with distinct morphological and chemical characteristics. Autosis can be attenuated by autophagy inhibitors but not reversed by apoptosis or necrosis inhibitors. In recent years, it has been shown that during the late phase of reperfusion, autosis is activated, which exacerbates myocardial injury. This article describes the characteristics of autosis, autophagic cell death, and the relationship between autophagic cell death and autosis; reviews the mechanism of autosis in MIRI; and discusses its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China.
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China.
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
| | - Qingzhuo Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, HuBei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, HuBei Province, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, HuBei Province, China
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15
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Yang X, Liu S, Wang C, Fan H, Zou Q, Pu Y, Cai Z. Dietary salt promotes cognition impairment through GLP-1R/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7970. [PMID: 38575652 PMCID: PMC10995169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary salt has been associated with cognitive impairment in mice, possibly related to damaged synapses and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanism underlying how dietary salt causes cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. In our study, either a high-salt (8%) or normal diet (0.5%) was used to feed C57BL/6 mice for three months, and N2a cells were cultured in normal medium, NaCl medium (80 mM), or NaCl (80 mM) + Liraglutide (200 nM) medium for 48 h. Cognitive function in mice was assessed using the Morris water maze and shuttle box test, while anxiety was evaluated by the open field test (OPT). Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess the level of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Electron microscope and western blotting were used to evaluate synapse function and tau phosphorylation. Our findings revealed that a high salt diet (HSD) reduced the level of synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), resulting in significant synaptic damage. Additionally, hyperphosphorylation of tau at different sites was detected. The C57BL/6 mice showed significant impairment in learning and memory function compared to the control group, but HSD did not cause anxiety in the mice. In addition, the level of GLP-1R and autophagy flux decreased in the HSD group, while the level of mTOR/p70S6K was upregulated. Furthermore, liraglutide reversed the autophagy inhibition of N2a treated with NaCl. In summary, our study demonstrates that dietary salt inhibits the GLP-1R/mTOR/p70S6K pathway to inhibit autophagy and induces synaptic dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation, eventually impairing cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing university, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing No. 312, Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, No. 312 Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400013, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Dugbartey GJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell damage and cell death in ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ transplantation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:473. [PMID: 38553658 PMCID: PMC10980643 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical pathological condition in which cell death plays a major contributory role, and negatively impacts post-transplant outcomes. At the cellular level, hypoxia due to ischemia disturbs cellular metabolism and decreases cellular bioenergetics through dysfunction of mitochondrial electron transport chain, causing a switch from cellular respiration to anaerobic metabolism, and subsequent cascades of events that lead to increased intracellular concentrations of Na+, H+ and Ca2+ and consequently cellular edema. Restoration of blood supply after ischemia provides oxygen to the ischemic tissue in excess of its requirement, resulting in over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overwhelms the cells' antioxidant defence system, and thereby causing oxidative damage in addition to activating pro-inflammatory pathways to cause cell death. Moderate ischemia and reperfusion may result in cell dysfunction, which may not lead to cell death due to activation of recovery systems to control ROS production and to ensure cell survival. However, prolonged and severe ischemia and reperfusion induce cell death by apoptosis, mitoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, cuproptosis and parthanoptosis. This review discusses cellular and molecular mechanisms of these various forms of cell death in the context of organ transplantation, and their inhibition, which holds clinical promise in the quest to prevent IRI and improve allograft quality and function for a long-term success of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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17
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Liang Z, Luo B, Peng B, Li Y, Hu X, Zhong W, Li X, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang L. Bone-Differentiation-Associated Circ-Spen Regulates Death of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3034. [PMID: 38474279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in bone health is closely associated with its function in vivo, and ERβ-/- mice have been widely utilized to explore the related influences. In this study, ERβ-/- female mice were established to investigate the differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) by RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Among these circRNAs, mmu_circ_0011379 (named Circ-Spen) exhibited high expression in ERβ-/- female mice. However, the precise mechanism by which Circ-Spen regulates bone health remained unclear. This study identified Circ-Spen as a positive regulator of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (mBMSC) viability. The expression of Circ-Spen was markedly increased in ERβ-/- mice femurs tested by RT-qPCR. Moreover, Circ-Spen exhibited an enhanced expression during the bone formation process of mBMSCs. Qualitative experiments also demonstrated that Circ-Spen possessed a circular structure and was localized within the nucleus of mBMSCs. Functionally, it inhibited apoptosis via caspase-3, BCL-2, and BAX, while also promoting autophagy through BECN1 and P62 in mBMSCs tested by MTT assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. These findings reveal the potential of targeting Circ-Spen as a promising therapeutic strategy for rejuvenating senescent mBMSCs and enhancing the efficiency of mBMSC transplantation, which lays the foundation for advancements in the field of bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bingjie Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bojia Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xueling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
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18
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Li X, Wu T, Chen W, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Deng J, Long W, Qin X, Zhou Y. Andrographolide acts with dexamethasone to inhibit the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia CEM‑C1 cells via the regulation of the autophagy‑dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:43. [PMID: 38357243 PMCID: PMC10865295 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignant tumor types of the circulatory system. Dexamethasone (DEX) acts on the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) and is a first-line chemotherapy drug for ALL. However, long-term or high-dose applications of the drug can not only cause adverse reactions, such as osteoporosis and high blood pressure, but can also cause downregulation of GR and lead to drug resistance. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and LysoTracker Red staining were used to observe the effects of DEX and andrographolide (AND; a botanical with antitumorigenic properties) combined treatment. It was found that AND enhanced the sensitivity of CEM-C1 cells, a GC-resistant cell line, to DEX, and synergistically upregulated GR both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level with DEX. The combination of AND with DEX synergistically alkalized lysosomal lumen and downregulated the expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and microtubule-associated 1 protein light chain 3 (LC3), thereby inhibiting autophagy. Knocking down LC3 expression enhanced GR expression, suggesting that GR was regulated by autophagy. Furthermore, compared with the monotherapy group (AND or DEX in isolation), AND interacted with DEX to activate the autophagy-dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by enhancing the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR, thereby decreasing GR degradation and increasing the sensitivity of cells to GCs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that AND exhibited a synergistic anti-ALL effect with DEX via upregulation of GR, which was orchestrated by the autophagy-related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results of the present study therefore provided novel research avenues and strategies for the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhi Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
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19
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Yarmohammadi F, Hesari M, Shackebaei D. The Role of mTOR in Doxorubicin-Altered Cardiac Metabolism: A Promising Therapeutic Target of Natural Compounds. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:146-157. [PMID: 38108960 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used for the treatment of various types of cancer, however can cause serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms involved in DOX-induced cardiac damage are complex and not yet fully understood. One mechanism is the disruption of cardiac metabolism, which can impair cardiac function. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cardiac energy metabolism, and dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been implicated in DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Natural compounds (NCs) have been shown to improve cardiac function in vivo and in vitro models of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. This review article explores the protective effects of NCs against DOX-induced cardiac injury, with a focus on their regulation of mTOR signaling pathways. Generally, the modulation of mTOR signaling by NCs represents a promising strategy for decreasing the cardiotoxic effects of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahvash Hesari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dareuosh Shackebaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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20
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Jin W, Yang T, Jia J, Jia J, Zhou X. Enhanced Sensitivity of A549 Cells to Doxorubicin with WS 2 and WSe 2 Nanosheets via the Induction of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1164. [PMID: 38256235 PMCID: PMC10816038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The excellent physicochemical properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) such as WS2 and WSe2 provide potential benefits for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging. WS2 and WSe2 have recently been used as chemosensitizers; however, the detailed molecular basis underlying WS2- and WSe2-induced sensitization remains elusive. Our recent findings showed that 2D TMDCs with different thicknesses and different element compositions induced autophagy in normal human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse alveolar macrophages at sublethal concentrations. Here, we explored the mechanism by which WS2 and WSe2 act as sensitizers to increase lung cancer cell susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents. The results showed that WS2 and WSe2 enhanced autophagy flux in A549 lung cancer cells at sublethal concentrations without causing significant cell death. Through the autophagy-specific RT2 Profiler PCR Array, we identified the genes significantly affected by WS2 and WSe2 treatment. Furthermore, the key genes that play central roles in regulating autophagy were identified by constructing a molecular interaction network. A mechanism investigation uncovered that WS2 and WSe2 activated autophagy-related signaling pathways by interacting with different cell surface proteins or cytoplasmic proteins. By utilizing this mechanism, the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin was enhanced by WS2 and WSe2 pre-treatment in A549 lung cancer cells. This study revealed a feature of WS2 and WSe2 in cancer therapy, in which they eliminate the resistance of A549 lung cancer cells against doxorubicin, at least partially, by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jin
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jimei Jia
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding 071000, China
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21
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Wu S, Kou X, Niu Y, Liu Y, Zheng B, Ma J, Liu M, Xue Z. Progress on the mechanism of natural products alleviating androgenetic alopecia. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116022. [PMID: 38086191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has become a widespread problem that leads to considerable impairment of the psyche and daily life. The currently approved medications for the treatment of AGA are associated with significant adverse effects, high costs, and prolonged treatment duration. Therefore, natural products are being considered as possible complementary or alternative treatments. This review aims to enhance comprehension of the mechanisms by which natural products treat AGA. To achieve this, pertinent studies were gathered and subjected to analysis. In addition, the therapeutic mechanisms associated with these natural products were organized and summarized. These include the direct modulation of signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the BMP pathway. Additionally, they exert effects on cytokine secretion, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant capabilities, as well as apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, the review briefly discusses the relationship between signaling pathways and autophagy and apoptosis in the context of AGA, systematically presents the mechanisms of action of existing natural products, and analyzes the potential therapeutic targets based on the active components of these products. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujia Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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22
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Yang Y, Lin X. Potential relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2285-2295. [PMID: 37554184 PMCID: PMC10404879 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and excessive or dysfunctional organelles. As a pivotal cellular response, autophagy has been extensively studied and is known to be involved in various diseases. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death characterized by iron overload, leading to the accumulation of lethal levels of lipid hydroperoxides. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed a link between autophagy and ferroptosis. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is an urgent dilemma after myocardial infarction recanalization, which is regulated by several cell death pathways, including autophagy and ferroptosis. However, the potential relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis in MIRI remains unexplored. In this study, we briefly review the mechanisms of autophagy and ferroptosis, including their roles in MIRI. Moreover, we provide an overview of the potential crosstalk in MIRI. Clarifying the relationship between different cell death pathways may provide new ideas for the treatment of MIRI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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23
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Yang K, Ma Y, Xie C, He L, Zhao H, Dai Z, Wang X. Dexmedetomidine combined with propofol attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22054. [PMID: 38034796 PMCID: PMC10682120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a major cause of cardiac tissue damage, with high disability and death rates. Although both dexmedetomidine (Dex) and propofol (PPF) have been indicated to alleviate MI/R injury in rat models, the effects of the combined use of these two drugs remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of Dex and PPF against MI/R injury and related mechanisms. Methods A rat model of MI/R injury was established and used to explore the combined effects of Dex and PPF on MI/R injury. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used for histopathological evaluation. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), echocardiography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to determine myocardial infarction size, cardiac function, and apoptosis, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to assess myocardial function and oxidative stress (OS). Autophagy was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, western blotting was conducted to detect autophagy markers and the AMPK pathway. Results The combination of Dex and PPF alleviated histopathological injury, reduced myocardial infarction, and rescued cardiac dysfunction in MI/R rats. Furthermore, Dex combined with PPF decreased the levels of MDA and ROS and increased the SOD level in MI/R rats. Besides, Dex combined with PPF inhibited myocardial apoptosis in MI/R rats. After combined treatment with Dex and PPF, the number of autophagosomes, expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I were elevated, while the expression levels of p62 were reduced in MI/R rats. The combined use of Dex and PPF activated the AMPK pathway in MI/R rats. Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) could abolish the combined effects of Dex and PPF on alleviating myocardial injury and enhancing autophagy in MI/R rats. Conclusion The combination of Dex and PPF attenuated MI/R injury in rats, which may be associated with the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunmei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Lixian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Haoxing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
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24
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Ge T, Ning B, Wu Y, Chen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhao M. MicroRNA-specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers of apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z. [PMID: 37878166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, it is involved in the regulation of apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, the alteration of mitochondrial structure is facilitated by MicroRNA-1 through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, thereby mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MicroRNA-21 not only modulates the expression of NF-κB to suppress inflammatory signals but also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133 attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed the oxidative stress response, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. MicroRNA-139 modulates the extrinsic death signal of Fas, while MicroRNA-145 regulates endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload, both of which exert regulatory effects on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Therefore, the article categorizes the molecular mechanisms based on the three classical pathways and multiple signaling pathways of apoptosis. It summarizes the targets and pathways of MicroRNA therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury and analyzes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Deputy 2, Weiyang West Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712000, China.
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25
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Wang R, Dong S, Xia R, Sun M, Sun Y, Ren H, Zhang Y, Xia Z, Yao S, Wang T. Kinsenoside mitigates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced ferroptosis via activation of the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175985. [PMID: 37572943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-induced myocardial infarction is regarded as one of the major killers of humans worldwide. Kinsenoside (KD), a primary active ingredient derived from Anoectochilus roxburghii, shows antioxidant and vascular protective properties. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with oxidative damage and could be regulated by KD. However, its targets and the exact mechanism by which it operates remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KD in myocardial I/R injury and to define the mechanism by which it works. We established both myocardial I/R model in vivo and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocyte model in vitro in this study. KD can attenuate I/R-induced myocardial injury in vivo and inhibit H/R-induced injury in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. KD increased mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD activity, and GSH activity in cardiomyocytes, whereas MDA accumulation, iron accumulation, and Mito-ROS production were decreased. We intersected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-seq results with ferroptosis-related genes, and found KD significantly downregulated COX2 expression and upregulated GPX4 expression. These findings were further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Additionally, KD increased AKT phosphorylation and Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus, as well as HO-1 expression. When Akt or Nrf2 were inhibited in the KD group, the anti-ferroptosis properties of KD were nullified. Thus, Kinsenoside may exert anti-ferroptosis effect in myocardial I/R injury by decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing anti-oxidation through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Siwei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Biobank, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HK SAR, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Yin ZY, Fu T, He SM, Fu L, Li XZ, Xu L, Du L, Yang TT, Zhu X, Wang C, Qiao WL, Tang ZQ, Zhang XY, Li K, Zhang XY, Gong Z, Zhou XY, Zhang B, Sun H. 16α-OHE1, a novel oestrogen metabolite, attenuates dysfunction of left ventricle contractility via regulation of autophagy after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Cardiol 2023; 388:131123. [PMID: 37330017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) can exacerbate the initial cardiac damage in the myocardial functional changes, including dysfunction of left ventricular contractility. Oestrogen has been proven to protect the cardiovascular system. However, whether the oestrogen or its metabolites play the main role in attenuating dysfunction of left ventricular contractility is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study used the LC-MS/MS to detect oestrogen and its metabolites in clinical serum samples (n = 62) with heart diseases. After correlation analysis with markers of myocardial injury including cTnI (P < 0.01), CK-MB (P < 0.05), and D-Dimer (P < 0.001), 16α-OHE1 was identified. The result from LC-MS/MS in female and ovariectomised (OVX) rat serum samples (n = 5) matched the findings in patients. In MI/R model of animal, the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), rate pressure product (RPP), dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin after MI/R in OVX or male group were worsened than those in female group. Also, the infarction area of OVX or male group was larger than that in females (n = 5, p < 0.01). Furthermore, LC3 II in the left ventricle of OVX and male group was lower than that in females (n = 5, p < 0.01) by immunofluorescence. In H9C2 cells, after the application of 16α-OHE1, the number of autophagosomes was further increased and other organelles improved in MI/R. Simultaneously, LC3 II, Beclin1, ATG5, and p-AMPK/AMPK were increased, and p-mTOR/mTOR was decreased (n = 3, p < 0.01) by Simple Western. CONCLUSION 16α-OHE1 could attenuate left ventricle contractility dysfunction via autophagy regulation after MI/R, which also offered fresh perspectives on therapeutical treatment for attenuating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yuan Yin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Li Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- The School of Public Affairs and Governance, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Deng RM, Zhou J. The role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110714. [PMID: 37523969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia has a high incidence and mortality rate, and reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). There are currently no effective clinical treatments for MIRI. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in cardiovascular health and disease and plays an important role in reducing myocardial infarct size and restoring cardiac function after MIRI. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway provides myocardial protection through synergistic upregulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy activities and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Many studies have shown that PI3K/Akt has a significant protective effect against MIRI. Here, we reviewed the molecular regulation of PI3K/Akt in MIRI and summarized the molecular mechanism by which PI3K/Akt affects MIRI, the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning, and the role of related drugs or activators targeting PI3K/Akt in MIRI, providing novel insights for the formulation of myocardial protection strategies. This review provides evidence of the role of PI3K/Akt activation in MIRI and supports its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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Zhao K, Chen X, Bian Y, Zhou Z, Wei X, Zhang J. Broadening horizons: The role of ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2269-2286. [PMID: 37119287 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death (RCD) discovered in recent years, where abnormal intracellular iron accumulation leads to the onset of lipid peroxidation, which further leads to the disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis and triggers cell death. Iron accumulation with lipid peroxidation is considered a hallmark of ferroptosis that distinguishes it from other RCDs. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a process of increased myocardial cell injury that occurs during coronary reperfusion after myocardial ischemia and is associated with high post-infarction mortality. Multiple experiments have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in MIRI pathophysiology. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis. Then we report the possible link between the occurrence of MIRI and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Finally, we discuss and analyze the related drugs that target ferroptosis to attenuate MIRI and its action targets, and point out the shortcomings of the current state of relevant research and possible future research directions. It is hoped to provide a new avenue for improving the prognosis of the acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiaoshu Chen
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yujing Bian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xijin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Wang RL, Liu SH, Shen SH, Jian LY, Yuan Q, Guo HH, Huang JS, Chen PH, Huang RF. Protective Mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis Treatment on Acute Kidney Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury through AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:875-884. [PMID: 36843056 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) through autophagy-associated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to a random number table, including the normal saline (NS)-treated sham group (sham group), NS-treated ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) group (IRI group), and low- (5 g/kg·d) and high-dose (10 g/kg·d) CS-treated IRI groups (CS1 and CS2 groups), 12 rats in each group. Nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed on the IRI rat model that was subjected to 60 min of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of reperfusion. The wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio of lung, levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin- β and tumor necrosis factor- α, and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase, malonaldehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), were assayed. Histological examinations were conducted to determine damage of tissues in the kidney and lung. The protein expressions of light chain 3 II/light chain 3 I (LC3-II/LC3-I), uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), P62, AMPK and mTOR were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The renal IRI induced pulmonary injury following AKI, resulting in significant increases in W/D ratio of lung, and the levels of Scr, BUN, inflammatory cytokines, MDA and MPO (P<0.01); all of these were reduced in the CS groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IRI groups, the expression levels of P62 and mTOR were significantly lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of LC3-II/LC3-I, ULK1, and AMPK were significantly higher in the CS2 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION CS had a potential in treating lung injury following renal IRI through activation of the autophagy-related AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in AKI-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lin Wang
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Hua Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Si-Heng Shen
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu-Yong Jian
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua-Hui Guo
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Huang
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
| | - Peng-Hui Chen
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China
| | - Ren-Fa Huang
- Nephropathy Department, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, China.
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Wen L, Cheng X, Fan Q, Chen Z, Luo Z, Xu T, He M, He H. TanshinoneⅡA inhibits excessive autophagy and protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via 14-3-3η/Akt/Beclin1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175865. [PMID: 37406848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive autophagy induced by reperfusion is one of the causes of severe myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which the inhibition of excessive autophagy contributes to the myocardial protection by TSN is unclear. The protective effects and mechanisms of TSN were studied in H9c2 cells and rats after anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-or I/R-induced myocardial injury. The results showed that after the injury, cell viability decreased, lactate dehydrogenase and caspase 3 activity and apoptosis increased, and autophagy was excessively activated. Further, redox imbalance and energy stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced myocardial function, increased infarct area, and severely damaged morphology were observed in rats. TSN increased 14-3-3η expression and regulated Akt/Beclin1 pathway, inhibited excessive autophagy, and significantly reversed the functional, enzymological and morphological indexes in vivo and in vitro. However, the protective effects of TSN were mimicked by 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) and were attenuated by pAD/14-3-3η-shRNA, API-2 (an Akt inhibitor), and rapamycin (an autophagy activator). In conclusion, TSN could increase 14-3-3η expression and regulate Akt/Beclin1 pathway, inhibit excessive autophagy, maintain the mitochondrial function, improve energy supply and redox equilibrium, alleviate apoptosis, and ultimately protect myocardium against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xie Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qigui Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zixin Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Zhao Z, Cui X, Liao Z. Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardiac remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202730. [PMID: 37416922 PMCID: PMC10322220 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a basic pathological process that enables the progression of multiple cardiac diseases to heart failure. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is considered a regulator in maintaining energy homeostasis and shows a positive role in preventing damage caused by cardiac diseases. This review mainly summarizes the effects and related mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 21 on pathological processes associated with cardiac remodeling, based on a variety of cells of myocardial tissue. The possibility of Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a promising treatment for the cardiac remodeling process will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangping Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Ma S, Zhao M, Chang M, Shi X, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine on IgA nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154913. [PMID: 37307737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, that causes serious physical and psychological burden to patients worldwide. Some traditional treatment measures, such as blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling blood pressure, and following a low-protein diet, may not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, more effective and safe therapies for IgAN are urgently needed. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and their active ingredients in the treatment and management of IgAN based on the results of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to fully understand the advantages and perspectives of CHMs in the treatment of IgAN. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For this review, the following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data, "IgA nephropathy," "traditional Chinese medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine," "herb," "mechanism," "Meta-analysis," "systematic review," "RCT" and their combinations were the keywords to search the relevant literature. Data were collected from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS This review found that the active ingredients of CHMs commonly act on multiple signaling pathways in the clinical treatment of IgAN, mainly with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects, and regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Compared with the single-target therapy of modern medicine, CHMs can regulate the corresponding pathways from the aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis and autophagy to play a multi-target treatment of IgAN through syndrome differentiation and treatment, which has good clinical efficacy and can be used as the first choice or alternative therapy for IgAN treatment. This review provides evidence and research direction for a comprehensive clinical understanding of the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine on IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Liu S, Ren J, Liu S, Zhao X, Liu H, Zhou T, Wang X, Liu H, Tang L, Chen H. Resveratrol inhibits autophagy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the DJ-1/MEKK1/JNK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175748. [PMID: 37149277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound found in red wine and grape skins, has attracted significant attention due to its cardioprotective properties. DJ-1, a multifunctional protein that participated in transcription regulation and antioxidant defense, was shown to provide a significant protective impact in cardiac cells treated with ischemia-reperfusion. We created a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in vivo and in vitro by ligating the left anterior descending branch of rats and subjecting H9c2 cells to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) to investigate whether RES reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating DJ-1. We discovered that RES dramatically enhanced cardiac function in rats with I/R. Subsequently, we found that RES prevented the rise in autophagy (P62 degradation and LC3-II/LC3-I increase) induced by cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the autophagic agonist rapamycin (RAPA) eliminated RES-induced cardioprotective effects. In addition, Further data showed that RES significantly increased the expression of DJ-1 in the myocardium with the treatment of I/R. At the same time, pretreatment with RES reduced phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) and Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) stimulated by cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, and Beclin-1 mRNA and protein levels while decreasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and improving cell viability. However, the lentiviral shDJ-1 and JNK agonist anisomycin disrupted the effects of RES. In summary, RES could inhibit autophagy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through DJ-1 modulation of the MEKK1/JNK pathway, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Heping Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Hermann R, Mestre Cordero VE, Fernández Pazos MDLM, Reznik FJ, Vélez DE, Marina Prendes MG. Role of autophagy in simulated ischemic-reperfused left atrial myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2023; 378:77-88. [PMID: 36804762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Autophagy has recently emerged as a potential and promising therapeutic approach to maintain cardiac cellular homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the ischemic-reperfused atrial myocardium. METHODS Isolated rat left atria subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion were used. The bathing medium contained either 10 mM d-glucose or 10 mM d-glucose and 1.2 mM palmitate. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used as pharmacological autophagy inhibitor. RESULTS LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an indicator of autophagosome formation, was significantly enhanced during reperfusion, this increase being slowed by the exposure to high palmitate concentration and prevented by 3-MA. Beclin-1 was significantly increased during reperfusion period in both metabolic conditions, and pharmacological inhibition of AMPK partially prevented LC3-II/LC3-I ratio increase. Autophagy inhibition significantly increased mitochondrial damage and impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate at reperfusion. Tissue ATP content recovery and contractile reserve were also reduced during this period, these effects being more pronounced either in 3-MA treated atria and ischemic-reperfused atria incubated with palmitate. Moreover, severe tachyarrhythmias were observed in the presence of 3-MA, in both metabolic conditions. This phenomenon was partially prevented by mitochondrial inner membrane ion channels blocker, PK11195. CONCLUSION Present study provides new insights into the role of autophagy in ischemic-reperfused atrial myocardium. The observation of greater deterioration in mitochondrial structure and function when this process was inhibited, suggests an association between autophagy and the structural and functional preservation of mitochondria. Exogenous metabolic substrates, to which the myocardium is exposed during ischemia-reperfusion, might not affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hermann
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Victoria Evangelina Mestre Cordero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Federico Joaquín Reznik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Elisabet Vélez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Marina Prendes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fang G, Shen Y, Liao D. ENPP2 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and ferroptosis by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:253-263. [PMID: 37052764 PMCID: PMC10167086 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) by regulating ferroptosis. H/R model was established with HCMECs and before the reperfusion, ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 or ferroptosis inducer erastin was all administered. Wound-healing assay was performed to detect the migration ability of cells in each group, and the angiogenesis ability was determined by tube formation assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the state of mitochondria. The expressions of related proteins in HCMECs were assessed by Western blot. From the results, H/R injury could inhibit the migration and angiogenesis, induce the ROS production, and cause the mitochondrial damage of HCMECs. Ferroptosis activator erastin could aggravate H/R injury in HCMECs, while the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 could reverse the effects of H/R on HCMECs. Western blot results showed that H/R or/and erastin treatment could significantly induce ACSL4, HGF, VEGF, p-ERK, and uPA protein expression and inhibit GPX4 expression. The addition of ferrostatin-1 resulted in the opposite trend of the proteins expression above to erastin treatment. What is more, overexpression of ENPP2 markedly suppressed the damaging effect of H/R on HCMECs and reversed the effects of H/R or erastin treatment on the expression of related proteins. These results demonstrated a great therapeutic efficacy of ENPP2 overexpression in preventing the development of H/R injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Yanming Shen
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Dongshan Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
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Lu H, Hu H, Yang Z, Li S. Aberrant serum and tissue levels of Beclin1 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33515. [PMID: 37115089 PMCID: PMC10145793 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beclin1 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) can be used as tumor markers of epithelial ovarian cancer. This study aimed to assess the association of Beclin1 and mTOR expression with clinicopathological and prognostic data in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Serum and tissue samples from 45 epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 20 controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry for Beclin1 and mTOR expression. The online datasets from gene expression profiling interactive analysis (n = 426), Kaplan-Meier plotter (n = 398), cBioPortal (n = 585), and UALCAN (n = 302) were also analyzed. Beclin1 expression was associated with low-grade differentiation (P = .003), earlier clinical stage (P = .013), fewer local lymph node metastases (P = .02) and lower serum Beclin1 level (P = .001). mTOR expression was associated with high-grade differentiation (P = .013), advanced clinical stage (P = .021), ascites (P = .028), and higher serum mTOR level (P = .001). The online datasets showed that a high mTOR expression level (HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.08-1.92; P = .013) was associated with a poor overall survival of 426 patients. Beclin1 was mutated in 1.8% and mTOR was mutated in 5% of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Serum Beclin1 and mTOR levels were able to predict tumor differentiation, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and ascites in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Lu
- Department of Gynecology, College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Health Commission of Dali, Longshan District, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Surgery, College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Lei Y, Jin X, Sun M, Ji Z. RNF7 Induces Skeletal Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Arrests Cell Autophagy via Upregulation of THBS1 and Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in a Rat Sepsis Model. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0053522. [PMID: 36920202 PMCID: PMC10112135 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00535-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted for extensive functionality in sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of RNF7 in the progression of sepsis. We initially established a rat model of sepsis through cecal ligation and puncture induction, whereupon RNF7 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Following adenovirus infection, the role of RNF7 in muscle injury, skeletal muscle protein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in sepsis rats was analyzed. Then, downstream mechanisms of RNF7 were identified and validated. Further, lipopolysaccharide was applied to treat myoblast to further demonstrate the in vitro role of RNF7. Our results showed that RNF7 expression was upregulated during sepsis. Overexpression of RNF7 worsened the sepsis-induced skeletal muscle injury, induced skeletal muscle protein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in sepsis rats. Meanwhile, overexpression of RNF7 elevated thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression. Silencing of RNF7 inhibited THBS1 and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, arresting the release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels in skeletal muscle cells. Altogether, RNF7 may promote skeletal muscle cell apoptosis while simultaneously inhibiting cell autophagy through the promotion of THBS1 and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Shi W, Peng K, Yu H, Wang Z, Xia S, Xiao S, Tian D, Vallance BA, Yu Q. Autotaxin (ATX) inhibits autophagy leading to exaggerated disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier in colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166647. [PMID: 36746254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease. Autotaxin (ATX) is associated with increased inflammatory molecules, however, its effect on IBD is not well understood. Autophagy plays an important role in IBD, whether ATX and autophagy act in concert in IBD remains unknown. This study is to explore the possible mechanisms of ATX affecting autophagy leading to the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby exacerbating colitis. The expression of ATX was upregulated in UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Here, we described that providing an ATX inhibitor during DSS colitis increased autophagy and ameliorated colonic inflammation. Conversely, intrarectal administration with recombinant (r)ATX increased colitis and decreased autophagy. This pro-colitic effect was attenuated in mice treated with rapamycin, resulting in increased autophagy activity and mild colitis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of rATX on autophagy was confirmed in vitro and was reversed by the addition of rapamycin. The damaging effects of ATX on epithelial barrier function were reversed by ATX inhibitor or rapamycin treatment. In sum, our results show that ATX can inhibit autophagy through the mTOR pathway, resulting in exaggerated damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier during colitis. These findings suggest that ATX may be a key pro-colitic factor, and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Li Y, Lu R, Niu Z, Wang D, Wang X. Suxiao Jiuxin Pill alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the ALKBH5/GSK3β/mTOR pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:31. [PMID: 36959603 PMCID: PMC10037824 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown effective protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in animal models, but few, if any, treatments have yielded a substantial reduction in clinical. Several studies showed significant therapeutic effects for the Chinese patent medicine Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SJP) in MIRI, although the specific molecular mechanisms remain undefined. Recently, increasing evidence indicates an important role for m6A modification in autophagy regulation in MIRI, and SJP has not been investigated in this regard. METHODS In vivo experiments were performed in a Wistar rat MIRI model. In vitro assays were conducted in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells with ALKBH5 and GSK3β silencing were constructed by lentivirus transfection. TUNEL and Annexin V/PI assays were carried out for apoptosis detection. Then, m6A modification was detected with the EpiQuik m6A RNA methylation quantification kit, and GFP-RFP-LC3B was used to observe dynamic changes in autophagy. The autophagosome structure was assessed by Transmission electron microscopy. qPCR and immunoblot were performed for mRNA and protein analyses, receptively. RESULTS SJP significantly mitigated MIRI in rats, reducing infarct size and myocardial apoptosis, and improving left ventricular function. In addition, SJP inhibited autophagy through the GSK3β/mTOR pathway in MIRI rats. In cultured H9c2 cells, SJP significantly inhibited H/R- related apoptosis and autophagic activity through the GSK3β/mTOR pathway. Additionally, SJP enhanced ALKBH5 expression in H/R cardiomyocytes, which is important in impaired m6A modification. Interestingly, ALKBH5 knockdown enhanced autophagy and apoptosis in H/R-induced cells, whereas SJP reversed these effects. Further experiments showed that autophagic activity and apoptosis enhanced by ALKBH5 deficiency are GSK3β/mTOR pathway dependent in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. After SJP administration the above effects were alleviated, suggesting SJP inhibited autophagy through the ALKBH5/GSK3β/mTOR pathway in H/R-induced cardiomyocytes. These effects of SJP were common to its two main constituents, including tetra-methylpyrazine (TMP) and borneol (BOR). CONCLUSION SJP improves MIRI in rats and alleviates autophagy and apoptosis in H9c2 cells through the ALKBH5/GSK3β/mTOR pathway, thanks to its two major constituents TMP and BOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixia Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenchao Niu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xue Q, Zhang T, Zhu R, Qian Y, Dong X, Mo L, Jiang Y. Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis Attenuates Chronic Ethanol Induced Cardiotoxicity by Restoring Lysosomal Function and Reducing Necroptosis. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:164-174. [PMID: 36562604 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic alcohol misuse could cause alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and the specific mechanisms remained largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of endogenous ceramides on chronic ethanol-induced myocardial injury or cell loss (e.g. necroptosis). METHODS We established chronic alcohol intoxication models in vivo (male C57BL/6 mice) and in vitro (H9c2 cardiomyoblasts). The ceramide profiles were analyzed in mice myocardium and cultured cardiomyocytes. Further research on the role of ceramides and underlying signaling pathways was carried out in H9c2 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The ceramide profiles analysis revealed increased long and very long-chain ceramides in alcoholic myocardium and ethanol-treated cardiomyocytes. Next, we proved that endogenous ceramide inhibition could reduce necroptosis and alleviate cardiomyocytes injury as suggested by decreased levels of p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL proteins and cardiac injury factors expression. Furthermore, we found that lysosomal dysfunction also contributed to alcohol-induced cardiac damage and inhibiting ceramide biosynthesis could repaired this to some extent. Cells studies with exogenous C6 ceramide confirmed the pleotropic roles of ceramide in myocardial damage by causing both necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction. Finally, our data suggested that lysosomal dysfunction could sensitize cardiomyocytes to induction of necroptosis due to the restriction on degradation of RIPK1/RIPK3 proteins. In conclusion, chronic ethanol treatment boosted myocardial ceramide synthesis in animal hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ceramides exerted crucial roles in the intrinsic signaling pathways of alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity. Targeting ceramide biosynthesis to simultaneously attenuate necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction might be a novel strategy for preventing alcoholic cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Xue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongzhe Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yile Qian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingjie Mo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xin SL, Pan XL, Xu XY, Yu YY. USP10 Alleviates Palmitic Acid-induced Steatosis through Autophagy in HepG2 Cells. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:45-57. [PMID: 36406315 PMCID: PMC9647103 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease caused by over-nutrition. Impaired autophagy is closely related to NAFLD progression. Recently, ubiquitin-specific peptidase-10 (USP10) was reported to ameliorate hepatic steatosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In view of the potential effects of USP10 on autophagy, we investigated whether USP10 alleviated steatosis through autophagy. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to model NAFLD in vitro. Lentivirus was used to regulate USP10 level in cells. Autophagic regulators were used to autophagic progression in cells. Western blotting, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, lipid drop staining and immunofluorescent staining were performed to determine the effect of USP10 on lipid autophagy. Student's t-test and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the means among groups. RESULTS PA induced cellular steatosis with dependance on autophagy. USP10 overexpression alleviated PA-induced steatosis, restored autophagic activity, promoted autophagic flux, including synthesis and degradation of autophagosomes, and lipid-targeted autophagy. In the presence of autophagy inhibitors, the protective effectiveness of USP10 on steatosis decreased. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor to C-jun N-terminal protein kinase-1 (JNK1), DB07268, abolished USP10-induced autophagy. However, during early stage inhibition of JNK1, compensatory expression of tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2) maintained autophagy. The degree of TSC2-to-JNK1 compensation was positively associated with USP10 level. Functionally, JNK1 and TSC2 were involved in the lipid-lowering effect of USP10. CONCLUSIONS USP10 alleviated hepatocellular steatosis in autophagy-dependent manner. JNK1/TSC2 signaling pathways were required for USP10-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Liang Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Yan-Yan Yu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street NO.8, Beijing 100034, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-1305. Tel: +86-10-66551066, Fax: +86-10-83572022, E-mail:
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Fan J, Zhang Y. Effect of Dendrobine on Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Autophagy. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2023.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To observe Dendrobine (Den) on rats with post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction and mechanism. Materials: Dividing 27 rats as Sham, Model and Den groups, rats treated with two weeks of drug had their cardiac function and structure measured by ultrasound; their myocardial
pathological changes observed by HE and Masson staining and observe apoptosis cell number by TUNEL staining; their serum activities of LDH and CK-MB detected by ELISA; myocardial autophagy protein expressions detected by WB and immunohistochemistry. Results: Model group displayed decreased
cardiac function levels, enlarged area of myocardial fibrosis, more serum activities of LDH and CK-MB, increased myocardial tissue structural damage and apoptosis cell number, downregulated LAMP2 expression, and up-regulated expressions of Beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I rate, and P62. To rat victims
of myocardial infarction, Den improved cardiac function, reduced area of myocardial fibrosis, compromised activities of serum LDH and CK-MB, and relieved damage in myocardial structure, decreased apoptosis cell number in myocardial tissue, up-regulated the expressions of Beclin1, LAMP2 and
LC3-II, and down-regulated P62 to promote the autophagy in myocardium damaged by myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Den alleviates post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction through improvement of autophagosomes formation and autophagic flux via Beclin1/LAMP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
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Lin J, Lu YY, Shi HY, Lin P. Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), Polysaccharides Alleviate Photoaging by Regulating Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:49-64. [PMID: 37830196 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that contains the valuable I. obliquus polysaccharides (IOP), which is known for its bioactive properties. Studies have shown that IOP could inhibit oxidative stress induced premature aging and DNA damage, and delay body aging. However, the molecular mechanism of IOP in improving skin photoaging remains unclear, which prevents the development and utilization of I. obliquus in the field of skin care. In this study, ultraviolet B (UVB) induced human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell photoaging model was used to explore the mechanism of IOP in relieving skin photoaging. Results showed that IOP inhibited cell senescence and apoptosis by reducing the protein expressions of p16, p21, and p53. IOP increased HO-1, SOD, and CAT expressions to achieve Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thus improving antioxidant effects and preventing ROS generation. Furthermore, IOP enhanced the expression levels of p-AMPK, LC3B, and Beclin-1 to alleviate the autophagy inhibition in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Based on these findings, our data suggested that IOP may be used to develop effective natural anti-photoaging ingredients to promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Pei Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Recent advances in nanomedicines for imaging and therapy of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Control Release 2023; 353:563-590. [PMID: 36496052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is becoming a typical cardiovascular disease with increasing worldwide incidence. It is usually induced by the restoration of normal blood flow to the ischemic myocardium after a period of recanalization and directly leads to myocardial damage. Notably, the pathological mechanism of myocardial IRI is closely related to inflammation, oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore channels. Therefore, monitoring of these changes and imaging lesions is a key to timely clinical diagnosis. Nanomedicines have shown great value in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial IRI, with advantages including passive/active targeting, prolonged circulation, improved bioavailability, versatile carrier selection, and synergistic integration of different imaging and therapeutic agents in single particles with the same pharmaceutics. Because theranostic nanomedicines for myocardial IRI have advanced rapidly, we conduct an updated review on this topic. The special focus is on how to rationally design the nanomedicines to achieve optimal imaging and therapy. We hope this review would stimulate the interest of researchers with different backgrounds and expedite the development of nanomedicines for myocardial IRI.
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Peng X, Zhang C, Gao JW, Wang F, Bao JP, Zhou ZM, Sun R, Ji HY, Vlf C, Wu XT. A20 ameliorates disc degeneration by suppressing mTOR/BNIP3 axis-mediated mitophagy. Genes Genomics 2022; 45:657-671. [PMID: 36583816 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an unanswered question that we are committed to exploring. A20 is an anti-inflammatory protein of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and plays a protective role in intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism by which A20 attenuates disc degeneration. METHODS The proteins of interest were measured by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA assay, and immunohistochemical technique to conduct related experiments. Immunofluorescence assays and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) were used to assess mitophagy and mitochondrial fitness, respectively. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that A20 promoted mitophagy, attenuated pyroptosis, and inhibited the degradation of the extracellular matrix, consequently significantly ameliorating disc degeneration. Mechanistically, A20 reduces pyroptosis and further suppresses cellular mTOR activity. On the one hand, A20-induced mTOR inhibition triggers BNIP3-mediated mitophagy to ensure mitochondrial fitness under LPS stimulation, as a result of mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS. On the other hand, A20-induced mTOR inhibition reduces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of Mitochondrial ROS. CONCLUSION The study revealed that A20 promotes BNIP3-mediated mitophagy by suppressing mTOR pathway activation against LPS-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Gao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Ping Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cabral Vlf
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Xing N, Long XT, Zhang HJ, Fu LD, Huang JY, Chaurembo AI, Chanda F, Xu YJ, Shu C, Lin KX, Yang K, Lin HB. Research progress on effects of traditional Chinese medicine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1055248. [PMID: 36561346 PMCID: PMC9763941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1055248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a high-risk disease in the middle-aged and elderly population. The ischemic heart may be further damaged after reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and other methods, namely, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which further affects revascularization and hinders patient rehabilitation. Therefore, the investigation of new therapies against MIRI has drawn great global attention. Within the long history of the prevention and treatment of MIRI, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly been recognized by the scientific community for its multi-component and multi-target effects. These multi-target effects provide a conspicuous advantage to the anti-MIRI of TCM to overcome the shortcomings of single-component drugs, thereby pointing toward a novel avenue for the treatment of MIRI. However, very few reviews have summarized the currently available anti-MIRI of TCM. Therefore, a systematic data mining of TCM for protecting against MIRI will certainly accelerate the processes of drug discovery and help to identify safe candidates with synergistic formulations. The present review aims to describe TCM-based research in MIRI treatment through electronic retrieval of articles, patents, and ethnopharmacology documents. This review reported the progress of research on the active ingredients, efficacy, and underlying mechanism of anti-MIRI in TCM and TCM formulas, provided scientific support to the clinical use of TCM in the treatment of MIRI, and revealed the corresponding clinical significance and development prospects of TCM in treating MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Long
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Dan Fu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,College of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Abdallah Iddy Chaurembo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Francis Chanda
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Jing Xu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Shu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Han-Bin Lin,
| | - Han-Bin Lin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM CAS, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Han-Bin Lin,
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47
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Shi YY, Wei B, Zhou J, Yin ZL, Zhao F, Peng YJ, Yu QW, Wang XL, Chen YJ. Discovery of 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine- 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione as a novel and effective cardioprotective agent via dual anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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48
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Ding R, Liu Z, Tan J, Sun B. Advanced oxidation protein products mediate human keratinocytes apoptosis by inducing cell autophagy through the mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:880-887. [PMID: 36111704 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive keratinocyte apoptosis leads to impaired wound healing. Recently, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) have been recognized as a marker of oxidative stress and a potent inducer of apoptosis. Previously, we have demonstrated that extracellular AOPP accumulation induced keratinocyte apoptosis, and we discovered that autophagy was involved. To further elucidate the role and mechanism of autophagy in AOPP-induced-apoptosis of keratinocytes, we treated HaCaT cells with increasing concentrations of AOPP-human serum albumin or with AOPP-human serum albumin for increasing durations. Cyto-ID solution staining was used to assess cell autophagy using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Autophagy-related protein interactions were investigated using western blot analysis. Exposure of HaCaT cells to AOPP decreased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-l and LC3, and eventually led to autophagy. Furthermore, an autophagy agonist significantly decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Taken together, we showed that accumulation of extracellular AOPP induced autophagy in HaCaT cells via a reactive oxygen species-dependent, mTOR-Beclin-1-mediated pathway, and that excessive autophagy-mediated apoptosis, which resulted in delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baihui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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49
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Zheng Y, Zhao T, Wang J, Jiang R, Huang J, Li W, Wang J. Curcumol alleviates liver fibrosis through inducing autophagy and ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22665. [PMID: 36398583 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of curcumol on autophagy and ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells, and to clarify the molecular mechanism of its anti-hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we report that curcumol promotes the death of activated HSCs and reduces the deposition of extracellular matrix. Interestingly, curcumol treatment can trigger ferroptosis to eliminate activated HSCs characterized by iron overload, lipid ROS accumulation, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Curcumol promotes HSC autophagy, which may be the key mechanism for its induction of ferroptosis. It is worth noting that the upregulation of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) may play a key molecular mechanism. NCOA4 mediates the release of iron ions and induces the occurrence of ferroptosis. Overall, curcumol promotes autophagy in hepatic stellate cells, mediates the degradation of NCOA4 and FTH1 complexes, releases iron ions, leads to iron overload, and induces ferroptosis, which may be an important mechanism for its anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaru Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ruizhu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinbiao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Weimin Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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50
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Yang Y, Chen T, Liu J, Chen S, Cai R, Wu L, Hu J, Lin Q, Qi X, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Integrated chemical profiling, network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluation to explore the potential mechanism of Xinbao pill against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:255-273. [PMID: 35148221 PMCID: PMC8845110 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2025859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xinbao pill (XBW), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is widely used in clinical treatment for cardiovascular diseases; however, the therapeutic effect of XBW on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cardioprotective effect and molecular mechanism of XBW against MI/RI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phytochemistry-based network pharmacology analysis was used to uncover the mechanism of XBW against MI/RI. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was used to identify chemicals. MI/RI-related targets of XBW were predicted using TargetNet database, OMIC database, etc. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under anterior descending artery ligation model were divided into Sham, MI/RI and XBW (180 mg/kg, intragastric administration). After 30 min ischaemia and 24 h reperfusion, heart tissues were collected for measurement of myocardial infarct size. After oxygen glucose deprivation for 6 h, H9c2 cells were treated with XBW (60, 240 and 720 μg/mL) and diazoxide (100 μM) for 18 h of reperfusion. RESULTS Thirty-seven chemicals were identified in XBW; 50 MI/RI-related targets of XBW were predicted using indicated databases. XBW significantly reduced infarct size and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level after MI/RI; XBW protected H9c2 cells against OGD/R injury. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses by String database showed that the cardioprotective effect of XBW was associated with autophagy and apoptosis signalling pathways. Experimental investigation also verified that XBW suppressed apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. CONCLUSIONS XBW showed therapeutic effects against MI/RI mainly via attenuating apoptosis though suppressing excessive autophagy and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Cai
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Wu
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexiong Hu
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Lin
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Zhongqiu Liu
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Yuanyuan Cheng School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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