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Deng X, Wagner HJ, Popper AN. Comparison of the saccules and lagenae in six macrourid fishes from different deep-sea habitatsa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2937-2949. [PMID: 37938046 PMCID: PMC10769568 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial interspecific differences in the morphology of the ears of the more than 34 000 living fish species. However, almost nothing is known about the functional significance of these differences. One reason is that most comparative studies have been conducted on shallow-water species with far less focus on the numerous species that inhabit the depths of the oceans. Thus, to get a better sense of ear diversity in fishes and its potential role in hearing, this study focuses on the saccule and lagena, the primary auditory end organs, in six species of the family Macrouridae (rattails), a large group of fishes that typically inhabit depths from 1000 to 4000 m. The inner ears and, particularly, the saccules and lagenae in these species are large with the saccule resembling that of other Gadiformes. The lagenae of all macrourids studied here have serrated edge otoliths and highly diverse hair cell ciliary bundle shapes. The differences found in the inner ear anatomy of macrourids likely reflect the sensory advantages in different habitats that are related to the benefits and constraints at different depths, the fish's particular lifestyle, and the trade-off among different sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Distribution of the Order Lampriformes in the Mediterranean Sea with Notes on Their Biology, Morphology, and Taxonomy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101534. [PMID: 36290437 PMCID: PMC9598601 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lampriformes are circumglobally distributed and contain several families of strictly marine bony fishes that have a peculiar morphology. Lampriformes systematics is affected by limitations in biometric, meristic, and molecular data; for this reason, it underwent several rearrangements in the past. This review aimed to describe the biological and ecological characteristics of the order Lampriformes, summarizing the current taxonomy of the group. The main aim was to clarify what is known about the distribution of the order Lampriformes in the Mediterranean Sea, collecting all the scarce and fragmented reports and notes on their occurrence. Knowledge scarcity is due to their solitary nature, in addition to their low to absent economic value. Despite this, the order Lampriformes represents a taxon of high biological and ecological importance. The high depth range of distribution characterizes their lifestyle. In the Mediterranean Sea, four families are present-Lampridae, Lophotidae, Regalecidae, and Trachipteridae-with the following species respectively, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788), Lophotus lacepede (Giorna, 1809), Regalecus glesne (Ascanius, 1772), Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788), T. trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789), and Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1819). Data deficiencies affect information on this taxon; the present review, which collected all the reports of the Mediterranean Sea, creates a baseline for depicting the biogeography of these rare and important species.
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Araújo R, David R, Benoit J, Lungmus JK, Stoessel A, Barrett PM, Maisano JA, Ekdale E, Orliac M, Luo ZX, Martinelli AG, Hoffman EA, Sidor CA, Martins RMS, Spoor F, Angielczyk KD. Inner ear biomechanics reveals a Late Triassic origin for mammalian endothermy. Nature 2022; 607:726-731. [PMID: 35859179 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endothermy underpins the ecological dominance of mammals and birds in diverse environmental settings1,2. However, it is unclear when this crucial feature emerged during mammalian evolutionary history, as most of the fossil evidence is ambiguous3-17. Here we show that this key evolutionary transition can be investigated using the morphology of the endolymph-filled semicircular ducts of the inner ear, which monitor head rotations and are essential for motor coordination, navigation and spatial awareness18-22. Increased body temperatures during the ectotherm-endotherm transition of mammal ancestors would decrease endolymph viscosity, negatively affecting semicircular duct biomechanics23,24, while simultaneously increasing behavioural activity25,26 probably required improved performance27. Morphological changes to the membranous ducts and enclosing bony canals would have been necessary to maintain optimal functionality during this transition. To track these morphofunctional changes in 56 extinct synapsid species, we developed the thermo-motility index, a proxy based on bony canal morphology. The results suggest that endothermy evolved abruptly during the Late Triassic period in Mammaliamorpha, correlated with a sharp increase in body temperature (5-9 °C) and an expansion of aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Contrary to previous suggestions3-14, all stem mammaliamorphs were most probably ectotherms. Endothermy, as a crucial physiological characteristic, joins other distinctive mammalian features that arose during this period of climatic instability28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Araújo
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Institut des Sciences de L'Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Romain David
- Natural History Museum, London, UK. .,Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julien Benoit
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline K Lungmus
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alexander Stoessel
- Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jessica A Maisano
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Eric Ekdale
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maëva Orliac
- Institut des Sciences de L'Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhe-Xi Luo
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Agustín G Martinelli
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eva A Hoffman
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian A Sidor
- Burke Museum and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rui M S Martins
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fred Spoor
- Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth D Angielczyk
- Neguanee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Homma T, Sohel MSH, Onouchi S, Saito S. Morphometric study of the vestibuloauditory organ of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:514-523. [PMID: 35674017 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Independent auditory end-organs appear first in amphibians in vertebrate phylogeny. In amphibians, sound detection is carried out by the amphibian papilla, basilar papilla and macula saccule. Amphibians inhabit distinct habitats and exhibit specific behaviours and sound frequency responses, so the amphibian vestibuloauditory system is an excellent model for considering the relationships between behaviour and physiological/anatomical vestibuloauditory properties. The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, lives in shallow water throughout its life and is thought to use sound in a higher frequency range compared with terrestrial anurans. In this study, the size of each vestibuloauditory end-organ and the distribution of ganglion cells in the vestibuloauditory ganglion were examined using haematoxylin and eosin staining and lectin histochemistry in Xenopus laevis. This study revealed that the size ratios among end-organs in Xenopus are similar to those in terrestrial anurans. Large and small cells were observed in the ganglion, but their distribution patterns are different from those in general terrestrial anurans. Lycopersicon esculentum lectin stained a large number of ganglion cells. Lectin-stained cells were found throughout the whole ganglion, but were especially abundant in the caudal part. These results suggested a unique distribution pattern of the vestibuloauditory ganglion cells in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Popper AN, Hawkins AD, Sisneros JA. Fish hearing "specialization" - A re-valuation. Hear Res 2021; 425:108393. [PMID: 34823877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigators working with fish bioacoustics used to refer to fishes that have a narrow hearing bandwidth and poor sensitivity as "hearing generalists" (or "non-specialists"), while fishes that could detect a wider hearing bandwidth and had greater sensitivity were referred to as specialists. However, as more was learned about fish hearing mechanism and capacities, these terms became hard to apply since it was clear there were gradations in hearing capabilities. Popper and Fay, in a paper in Hearing Research in 2011, proposed that these terms be dropped because of the gradation. While this was widely accepted by investigators, it is now apparent that the lack of relatively concise terminology for fish hearing capabilities makes it hard to discuss fish hearing. Thus, in this paper we resurrect the terms specialist and non-specialist but use them with modifiers to express the specific structure of function that is considered a specialization. Moreover, this resurrection recognizes that hearing specializations in fishes may not only be related to increased bandwidth and/or sensitivity, but to other, perhaps more important, aspects of hearing such as sound source localization, discrimination between sounds, and detection of sounds in the presence of masking signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA; Environmental BioAcoustics, LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA.
| | - Anthony D Hawkins
- Environmental BioAcoustics, LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA; Loughine Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
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D’Iglio C, Albano M, Famulari S, Savoca S, Panarello G, Di Paola D, Perdichizzi A, Rinelli P, Lanteri G, Spanò N, Capillo G. Intra- and interspecific variability among congeneric Pagellus otoliths. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16315. [PMID: 34381131 PMCID: PMC8357811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Otolith features are useful tools for studying taxonomy, ecology, paleontology, and fish biology since they represent a permanent record of life history. Nevertheless, the functional morphology of otoliths remains an open research question that is useful to completely understand their eco-morphology. This study aims to deepen the knowledge of intra- and interspecific variation in sagitta morphology in three congeneric seabreams, to understand how such variability could be related to the lifestyles of each species. Therefore, the sagittae (n = 161) of 24 Pagellus bogaraveo, 24 Pagellus acarne, and 37 Pagellus erythrinus specimens, collected from the south Tyrrhenian Sea, were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and a stereomicroscope to assess morphometric features, variability between otolith pairs and the external crystalline structure the of sulcus acusticus. Statistical analysis demonstrated that, between the species, variability in sagittal otolith rostral length growth and sulcus acusticus features, correlated with increased fish total length and body weight. Moreover, slight differences between otolith pairs were detected in P. acarne and P. erythrinus (P < 0.05). The results confirm changes in otolith morphometry and morphology between different congeneric species and populations of the same species from different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D’Iglio
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Famulari
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Savoca
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panarello
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Di Paola
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Perdichizzi
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Rinelli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy ,grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Capshaw G, Soares D, Carr CE. Bony labyrinth morphometry reveals hidden diversity in lungless salamanders (Family Plethodontidae): Structural correlates of ecology, development, and vision in the inner ear. Evolution 2019; 73:2135-2150. [PMID: 31436320 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lungless salamanders (Family Plethodontidae) form a highly speciose group that has undergone spectacular adaptive radiation to colonize a multitude of habitats. Substantial morphological variation in the otic region coupled with great ecological diversity within this clade make plethodontids an excellent model for exploring the ecomorphology of the amphibian ear. We examined the influence of habitat, development, and vision on inner ear morphology in 52 plethodontid species. We collected traditional and 3D geometric morphometric measurements to characterize variation in size and shape of the otic endocast and peripheral structures of the salamander ear. Phylogenetic comparative analyses demonstrate structural convergence in the inner ear across ecologically similar species. Species that dwell in spatially complex microhabitats exhibit robust, highly curved semicircular canals suggesting enhanced vestibular sense, whereas species with reduced visual systems demonstrate reduced canal curvature indicative of relaxed selection on the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Cave specialists show parallel enlargement of auditory-associated structures. The morphological correlates of ecology among diverse species reveal underlying evidence of habitat specialization in the inner ear and suggest that there exists physiological variation in the function of the salamander ear even in the apparent absence of selective pressures on the auditory system to support acoustic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Capshaw
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Daphne Soares
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
| | - Catherine E Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
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Hawkins AD, Popper AN. Directional hearing and sound source localization by fishes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:3329. [PMID: 30599653 DOI: 10.1121/1.5082306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Directional hearing may enable fishes to seek out prey, avoid predators, find mates, and detect important spatial cues. Early sound localization experiments gave negative results, and it was thought unlikely that fishes utilized the same direction-finding mechanisms as terrestrial vertebrates. However, fishes swim towards underwater sound sources, and some can discriminate between sounds from different directions and distances. The otolith organs of the inner ear detect the particle motion components of sound, acting as vector detectors through the presence of sensory hair cells with differing orientation. However, many questions remain on inner ear functioning. There are problems in understanding the actual mechanisms involved in determining sound direction and distance. Moreover, very little is still known about the ability of fishes to locate sound sources in three-dimensional space. Do fishes swim directly towards a source, or instead "sample" sound levels while moving towards the source? To what extent do fishes utilize other senses and especially vision in locating the source? Further behavioral studies of free-swimming fishes are required to provide better understanding of how fishes might actually locate sound sources. In addition, more experiments are required on the auditory mechanism that fishes may utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F, Plath M, Heß M. Enigmatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of fish otoliths. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:457-482. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science & Technology; Northwest A&F University; 22 Xinong Road, Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Martin Heß
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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Boyle R, Ehsanian R, Mofrad A, Popova Y, Varelas J. Morphology of the utricular otolith organ in the toadfish, Opsanus tau. J Comp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29524209 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The utricle provides the vestibular reflex pathways with the sensory codes of inertial acceleration of self-motion and head orientation with respect to gravity to control balance and equilibrium. Here we present an anatomical description of this structure in the adult oyster toadfish and establish a morphological basis for interpretation of subsequent functional studies. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied to visualize the sensory epithelium at varying levels of detail, its neural innervation and its synaptic organization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize otolith mass and morphological polarization patterns of hair cells. Afferent nerve fibers were visualized following labeling with biocytin, and light microscope images were used to make three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of individual labeled afferents to identify dendritic morphology with respect to epithelial location. Transmission electron micrographs were compiled to create a serial 3-D reconstruction of a labeled afferent over a segment of its dendritic field and to examine the cell-afferent synaptic contacts. Major observations are: a well-defined striola, medial and lateral extra-striolar regions with a zonal organization of hair bundles; prominent lacinia projecting laterally; dependence of hair cell density on macular location; narrow afferent dendritic fields that follow the hair bundle polarization; synaptic specializations issued by afferents are typically directed towards a limited number of 7-13 hair cells, but larger dendritic fields in the medial extra-striola can be associated with > 20 hair cells also; and hair cell synaptic bodies can be confined to only an individual afferent or can synapse upon several afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Boyle
- Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000
| | - Reza Ehsanian
- Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000
| | - Alireza Mofrad
- Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000
| | - Yekaterina Popova
- Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000
| | - Joseph Varelas
- Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000.,University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064
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Ladich F, Schulz-Mirbach T. Diversity in Fish Auditory Systems: One of the Riddles of Sensory Biology. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F. Diversity of Inner Ears in Fishes: Possible Contribution Towards Hearing Improvements and Evolutionary Considerations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:341-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Fishy Hearing: A Short Biography of Arthur N. Popper, PhD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:3-11. [PMID: 26515307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biologist Dr. Arthur Popper's career spans decades, from his early work on comparative inner ear morphology in fishes to his recent interest in how underwater noise impacts aquatic vertebrates. Along the way Dr. Popper's research subjects span at least 19 vertebrate taxa, from lamprey to lungfish to humans, and he's had a profound influence in the field of fish bioacoustics. This brief biography describes some of Dr. Popper's many contributions to fish hearing research and highlights both some of his major discoveries and some of the biological mysteries he has yet to solve.
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F, Plath M, Metscher BD, Heß M. Are accessory hearing structures linked to inner ear morphology? Insights from 3D orientation patterns of ciliary bundles in three cichlid species. Front Zool 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24645675 PMCID: PMC3999956 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cichlid fishes show considerable diversity in swim bladder morphology. In members of the subfamily Etroplinae, the connection between anterior swim bladder extensions and the inner ears enhances sound transmission and translates into an improved hearing ability. We tested the hypothesis that those swim bladder modifications coincide with differences in inner ear morphology and thus compared Steatocranus tinanti (vestigial swim bladder), Hemichromis guttatus (large swim bladder without extensions), and Etroplus maculatus (intimate connection between swim bladder and inner ears). Methodology and results We applied immunostaining together with confocal imaging and scanning electron microscopy for the investigation of sensory epithelia, and high-resolution, contrast-enhanced microCT imaging for characterizing inner ears in 3D, and evaluated otolith dimensions. Compared to S. tinanti and H. guttatus, inner ears of E. maculatus showed an enlargement of all three maculae, and a particularly large lacinia of the macula utriculi. While our analysis of orientation patterns of ciliary bundles on the three macula types using artificially flattened maculae uncovered rather similar orientation patterns of ciliary bundles, interspecific differences became apparent when illustrating the orientation patterns on the 3D models of the maculae: differences in the shape and curvature of the lacinia of the macula utriculi, and the anterior arm of the macula lagenae resulted in an altered arrangement of ciliary bundles. Conclusions Our results imply that improved audition in E. maculatus is associated not only with swim bladder modifications but also with altered inner ear morphology. However, not all modifications in E. maculatus could be connected to enhanced auditory abilities, and so a potential improvement of the vestibular sense, among others, also needs to be considered. Our study highlights the value of analyzing orientation patterns of ciliary bundles in their intact 3D context in studies of inner ear morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department Biology II, Zoology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Martinsried, Germany.
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Heß M, Metscher BD. Sensory epithelia of the fish inner ear in 3D: studied with high-resolution contrast enhanced microCT. Front Zool 2013; 10:63. [PMID: 24160754 PMCID: PMC4177137 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While a number of studies have illustrated and analyzed 3D models of inner ears in higher vertebrates, inner ears in fishes have rarely been investigated in 3D, especially with regard to the sensory epithelia of the end organs, the maculae. It has been suggested that the 3D curvature of these maculae may also play an important role in hearing abilities in fishes. We therefore set out to develop a fast and reliable approach for detailed 3D visualization of whole inner ears as well as maculae. Results High-resolution microCT imaging of black mollies Poecilia sp. (Poeciliidae, Teleostei) and Steatocranus tinanti (Cichlidae, Teleostei) stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) resulted in good tissue contrast, enabling us to perform a reliable 3D reconstruction of all three sensory maculae of the inner ears. Comparison with maculae that have been 3D reconstructed based on histological serial sections and phalloidin-stained maculae showed high congruence in overall shape of the maculae studied here. Conclusions PTA staining and subsequent high-resolution contrast enhanced microCT imaging is a powerful method to obtain 3D models of fish inner ears and maculae in a fast and more reliable manner. Future studies investigating functional morphology, phylogenetic potential of inner ear features, or evolution of hearing and inner ear specialization in fishes may benefit from the use of 3D models of inner ears and maculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department of Biology II, Zoology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Martinsried, Germany.
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Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Puelles L, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Fgf10 expression patterns in the developing chick inner ear. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1136-64. [PMID: 22987750 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. It originates from the otic placode, which invaginates, forming the otic vesicle; the latter gives rise to neurosensory and nonsensory elements of the adult membranous labyrinth. A hypothesis based on descriptive and experimental evidence suggests that the acquisition of discrete sensory patches during evolution of this primordium may be related to subdivision of an early pansensory domain. In order to gain insight into this developmental mechanism, we carried out a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the gene Fgf10, by comparing different markers of otic patterning and hair cell differentiation. Fgf10 expression labels a sensory-competent domain included in a Serrate-positive territory from which most of the sensory epithelia arise. Our data show that Fgf10 transcripts are present initially in a narrow ventromedial band of the rudimentary otocyst, extending between its rostral and caudal poles. During development, this Fgf10-expressing area splits repetitively into several separate subareas, creating six of the eight sensory organs present in birds. Only the lateral crista and the macula neglecta were initially Fgf10 negative, although they activated Fgf10 expression after their specification as sensory elements. These results allowed us to determine a timetable of sensory specification in the developing chick inner ear. The comparison of the expression pattern of Fgf10 with those of other markers of sensory differentiation contributes to our understanding of the mechanism by which vertebrate inner ear prosensory domains have arisen during evolution.
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Deng X, Wagner HJ, Popper AN. Interspecific Variations of Inner Ear Structure in the Deep-Sea Fish Family Melamphaidae. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1064-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Biology; Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Hans-Joachim Wagner
- Anatomisches Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Tübingen; Tübingen D-72074 Germany
| | - Arthur N. Popper
- Department of Biology; Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
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Deans MR. A balance of form and function: planar polarity and development of the vestibular maculae. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:490-8. [PMID: 23507521 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear have emerged as one of the primary models for studying the development of planar polarity in vertebrates. Planar polarity is the polarized organization of cells or cellular structures in the plane of an epithelium. For hair cells, planar polarity is manifest at the subcellular level in the polarized organization of the stereociliary bundle and at the cellular level in the coordinated orientation of stereociliary bundles between adjacent cells. This latter organization is commonly called Planar Cell Polarity and has been described in the greatest detail for auditory hair cells of the cochlea. A third level of planar polarity, referred to as tissue polarity, occurs in the utricular and saccular maculae; two inner ear sensory organs that use hair cells to detect linear acceleration and gravity. In the utricle and saccule hair cells are divided between two groups that have opposite stereociliary bundle polarities and, as a result, are able to detect movements in opposite directions. Thus vestibular hair cells are a unique model system for studying planar polarity because polarization develops at three different anatomical scales in the same sensory organ. Moreover the system has the potential to be used to dissect functional interactions between molecules regulating planar polarity at each of the three levels. Here the significance of planar polarity on vestibular system function will be discussed, and the molecular mechanisms associated with development of planar polarity at each anatomical level will be reviewed. Additional aspects of planar polarity that are unique to the vestibular maculae will also be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deans
- The Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Riesch R, García de León FJ, Plath M. Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology – a case study on extremophile livebearing fishes (Poecilia mexicana, P. sulphuraria). ZOOLOGY 2011; 114:321-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Hess M, Plath M. Inner ear morphology in the Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana--first detailed microanatomical study of the inner ear of a cyprinodontiform species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27734. [PMID: 22110746 PMCID: PMC3217005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fishes show an amazing diversity in hearing abilities, inner ear structures, and otolith morphology. Inner ear morphology, however, has not yet been investigated in detail in any member of the diverse order Cyprinodontiformes. We, therefore, studied the inner ear of the cyprinodontiform freshwater fish Poecilia mexicana by analyzing the position of otoliths in situ, investigating the 3D structure of sensory epithelia, and examining the orientation patterns of ciliary bundles of the sensory hair cells, while combining μ-CT analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and immunocytochemical methods. P. mexicana occurs in different ecotypes, enabling us to study the intra-specific variability (on a qualitative basis) of fish from regular surface streams, and the Cueva del Azufre, a sulfidic cave in southern Mexico. RESULTS The inner ear of Poecilia mexicana displays a combination of several remarkable features. The utricle is connected rostrally instead of dorso-rostrally to the saccule, and the macula sacculi, therefore, is very close to the utricle. Moreover, the macula sacculi possesses dorsal and ventral bulges. The two studied ecotypes of P. mexicana showed variation mainly in the shape and curvature of the macula lagenae, in the curvature of the macula sacculi, and in the thickness of the otolithic membrane. CONCLUSIONS Our study for the first time provides detailed insights into the auditory periphery of a cyprinodontiform inner ear and thus serves a basis--especially with regard to the application of 3D techniques--for further research on structure-function relationships of inner ears within the species-rich order Cyprinodontiformes. We suggest that other poeciliid taxa, or even other non-poeciliid cyprinodontiforms, may display similar inner ear morphologies as described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Deng X, Wagner HJ, Popper AN. The Inner Ear and its Coupling to the Swim Bladder in the Deep-Sea Fish Antimora rostrata (Teleostei: Moridae). DEEP-SEA RESEARCH. PART I, OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS 2011; 58:27-37. [PMID: 21532967 PMCID: PMC3082141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear structure of Antimora rostrata and its coupling to the swim bladder were analyzed and compared with the inner ears of several shallow-water species that also have similar coupling. The inner ear of Antimora has a long saccular otolith and sensory epithelium as compared to many other fishes. Some parts of the membranous labyrinth are thick and rigid, while other parts are thinner but attached tightly to the bony capsule. The partially rigid membranous labyrinth, along with its intimate connection to the swim bladder, may help the inner ear follow the sound oscillations from the swim bladder with better precision than would occur in a less rigid inner ear. In addition, the saccular sensory epithelium has an elaborate structure and an anterior enlargement that may be correlated with increased hearing sensitivity. Some of the features in the inner ear of Antimora may reflect the functional specialization of deep-water living and support the hypothesis that there is enhanced inner ear sensitivity in some deep-sea fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Biology, Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Webb JF, Herman JL, Woods CF, Ketten DR. The ears of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): 'hearing generalists' on noisy coral reefs? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1406-1423. [PMID: 21039512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the morphology of all three otolithic organs (sacculus, lagena and utriculus), including macula shape, hair cell morphology, density, orientation pattern, otolith morphology and the spatial relationships of the swimbladder and ear, reveals that butterflyfishes in the genera Chaetodon (which has anterior swimbladder horns) and Forcipiger (which lacks anterior swimbladder horns) both demonstrate the ear morphology typical of teleosts that lack otophysic connections, fishes that have traditionally been considered to be 'hearing generalists'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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