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Phoon CK, Aristizábal O, Farhoud M, Turnbull DH, Wadghiri YZ. Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1116. [PMID: 39222027 PMCID: PMC11371386 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, with brief overviews of other imaging modalities. In this update, we also emphasize the importance of rigor and reproducibility in imaging approaches, experimental design, and documentation. Finally, we briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K.L. Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Orlando Aristizábal
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Daniel H. Turnbull
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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2
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Lee LE, Chandrasekar B, Yu P, Ma L. Quantification of myocardial fibrosis using noninvasive T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging: Preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4641. [PMID: 34729828 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of cardiac fibrosis is important for early diagnosis and intervention in chronic heart diseases. Here, we investigated whether noninvasive, contrast agent-free MRI T2 -mapping can quantify myocardial fibrosis in preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. Myocardial fibrosis and remodeling were analyzed in two animal models: (i) aging (15-month-old male CF-1 mice vs. young 6- to 8-week-old mice), and (ii) pressure overload (PO; by transverse aortic constriction in 4- to 5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice vs. sham-operated for 14 days). In vivo T2 -mapping was performed by acquiring data during the isovolumic and early diastolic phases, with a modified respiratory and ECG-triggered multiecho TurboRARE sequence on a 7-T MRI. Cine MRI provided cardiac morphology and function. A quantitative segmentation method was developed to analyze the in vivo T2 -maps of hearts at midventricle, apex, and basal regions. The cardiac fibrosis area was analyzed ex vivo by picro sirius red (PSR) staining. Both aged and pressure-overloaded hearts developed significant myocardial contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The aged mice had two phenotypes, fibrotic and mild-fibrotic. Notably, the aged fibrotic subgroup and the PO mice showed a marked decrease in T2 relaxation times (25.3 ± 0.6 in aged vs. 29.9 ± 0.7 ms in young mice, p = 0.002; and 24.3 ± 1.7 in PO vs. 28.7 ± 0.7 ms in shams, p = 0.05). However, no significant difference in T2 was detected between the aged mild-fibrotic subgroup and the young mice. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between myocardial fibrosis percentage (FP) and T2 relaxation time was derived (R2 = 0.98): T2 (ms) = 30.45 - 1.05 × FP. Thus, these results demonstrate a statistical agreement between T2 -map-quantified fibrosis and PSR staining in two different clinically relevant animal models. In conclusion, T2 -mapping MRI is a promising noninvasive contrast agent-free quantitative technique to characterize myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li E Lee
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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3
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Tyler A, Lau JYC, Ball V, Timm KN, Zhou T, Tyler DJ, Miller JJ. A 3D hybrid-shot spiral sequence for hyperpolarized 13 C imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:790-801. [PMID: 32894618 PMCID: PMC7611357 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Hyperpolarized imaging experiments have conflicting requirements of high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Spectral-spatial RF excitation has been shown to form an attractive magnetization-efficient method for hyperpolarized imaging, but the optimum readout strategy is not yet known. Methods In this work, we propose a novel 3D hybrid-shot spiral sequence which features two constant density regions that permit the retrospective reconstruction of either high spatial or high temporal resolution images post hoc, (adaptive spatiotemporal imaging) allowing greater flexibility in acquisition and reconstruction. Results We have implemented this sequence, both via simulation and on a preclinical scanner, to demonstrate its feasibility, in both a 1H phantom and with hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate in vivo. Conclusions This sequence forms an attractive method for acquiring hyperpolarized imaging datasets, providing adaptive spatiotemporal imaging to ameliorate the conflict of spatial and temporal resolution, with significant potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Li H, Metze P, Abaei A, Rottbauer W, Just S, Lu Q, Rasche V. Feasibility of real-time cardiac MRI in mice using tiny golden angle radial sparse. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4300. [PMID: 32227427 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has proven valuable for the assessment of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. Even although it is an established imaging method in small animals, the long acquisition times of gated or self-gated techniques still limit its widespread application. In this study, the application of tiny golden angle radial sparse MRI (tyGRASP) for real-time cardiac imaging was tested in 12 constitutive nexilin (Nexn) knock-out (KO) mice, both heterozygous (Het, N = 6) and wild-type (WT, N = 6), and the resulting functional parameters were compared with a well-established self-gating approach. Real-time images were reconstructed for different temporal resolutions of between 16.8 and 79.8 ms per image. The suggested approach was additionally tested for dobutamine stress and qualitative first-pass perfusion imaging. Measurements were repeated twice within 2 weeks for reproducibility assessment. In direct comparison with the high-quality, self-gated technique, the real-time approach did not show any significant differences in global function parameters for acquisition times below 50 ms (rest) and 31.5 ms (stress). Compared with WT, the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were markedly higher (P < 0.05) and the ejection fraction (EF) was significantly lower in the Het Nexn-KO mice at rest (P < 0.001). For the stress investigation, a clear decrease of EDV and ESV, and an increase in EF, but maintained stroke volume, could be observed in both groups. Combined with ECG-triggering, tyGRASP provided first-pass perfusion data with a temporal resolution of one image per heartbeat, allowing the quantitative assessment of upslope curves in the blood-pool and myocardium. Excellent inter-study reproducibility was achieved in all the functional parameters. The tyGRASP is a valuable real-time MRI technique for mice, which significantly reduces the scan time in preclinical cardiac functional imaging, providing sufficient image quality for deriving accurate functional parameters, and has the potential to investigate real-time and beat-to-beat changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Patrick Metze
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Castelhano J, Ribeiro B, Sanches M, Graça B, Saraiva J, Oliveiros B, Neves C, Rodrigues T, Sereno J, Gonçalves S, Ferreira MJ, Seiça R, Matafome P, Castelo-Branco M. A rat model of enhanced glycation mimics cardiac phenotypic components of human type 2 diabetes : A translational study using MRI. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107554. [PMID: 32122788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of translational research depends on how well animal models mimic the pathophysiology of the human phenotype, and on the identification of disease mechanisms such as enhanced glycation. METHODS Here, we studied cardiac MRI and metabolic phenotypes in human type 2 diabetes (N = 106; 55 patients+51 controls) and animal models with distinct levels of fat diet and end glycation products, to model the role of these factors in the cardiac phenotype. We included four groups of rats, designed to evaluate the role of lipid load and glucotoxicity in cardiac function and to correlate these with the cardiac phenotype observed in humans. We also aimed to assess into which extent phenotypes were related to specific risk factors. RESULTS Stroke Volume (SV) and Peak Filling Rate (PFR) measures were similarly discriminative both in humans and animal models, particularly when enhanced glycation was present. Factorial analysis showed that reduction of multidimensionality into common main explanatory factors, in humans and animals, revealed components that equally explained the variance of cardiac phenotypes (87.62% and 83.75%, respectively). One of the components included, both in humans and animals, SV, PFR and peak ejection rate (PER). The other components included in both humans and animals are the following: ESV (end systolic volume), left ventricular mass (LVM) and ejection fraction (EF). These components were useful for between group discrimination. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that animal models of enhanced glycation and human type 2 diabetes share a striking similarity of cardiac phenotypic components and relation with metabolic changes, independently of fact content in the diet, which reinforces the role of glucose dysmetabolism in left ventricular dysfunction and provides a potentially useful approach for translational research in diabetes, in particular when testing new therapies early on during the natural history of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Ribeiro
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Graça
- Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Saraiva
- Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christian Neves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Ferreira
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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6
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Kersemans V, Gilchrist S, Wallington S, Allen PD, Gomes AL, Dias GM, Cornelissen B, Kinchesh P, Smart SC. A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals. Tomography 2019; 5:274-281. [PMID: 31245549 PMCID: PMC6588203 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A magnetic resonance (MR)-, computed tomography (CT)-, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-, and positron emission tomography (PET)-compatible carbon-fiber sheet resistor for temperature maintenance in small animals where space limitations prevent the use of circulating fluids was developed. A 250 Ω carbon-fiber sheet resistor was mounted to the underside of an imaging cradle. Alternating current, operating at 99 kHz, and with a power of 1-2 W, was applied to the resistor providing a cradle base temperature of ∼37°C. Temperature control was implemented with a proportional-integral-derivative controller, and temperature maintenance was demonstrated in 4 mice positioned in both MR and PET/SPECT/CT scanners. MR and CT compatibility were also shown, and multimodal MR-CT-PET-SPECT imaging of the mouse abdomen was performed in vivo. Core temperature was maintained at 35.5°C ± 0.2°C. No line-shape, frequency, or image distortions attributable to the current flow through the heater were observed on MR. Upon CT imaging, no heater-related artifacts were observed when carbon-fiber was used. Multimodal imaging was performed and images could be easily coregistered, displayed, analyzed, and presented. Carbon fiber sheet resistors powered with high-frequency alternating current allow homeothermic maintenance that is compatible with multimodal imaging. The heater is small, and it is easy to produce and integrate into multimodal imaging cradles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kersemans
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D Allen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana L Gomes
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma M Dias
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean C Smart
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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A new hyperpolarized 13C ketone body probe reveals an increase in acetoacetate utilization in the diabetic rat heart. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5532. [PMID: 30940842 PMCID: PMC6445118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have recently shown the potential importance of ketone bodies in cardio-metabolic health. However, techniques to determine myocardial ketone body utilization in vivo are lacking. In this work, we developed a novel method to assess myocardial ketone body utilization in vivo using hyperpolarized [3-13C]acetoacetate and investigated the alterations in myocardial ketone body metabolism in diabetic rats. Within a minute upon injection of [3-13C]acetoacetate, the production of [5-13C]glutamate and [1-13C] acetylcarnitine can be observed real time in vivo. In diabetic rats, the production of [5-13C]glutamate was elevated compared to controls, while [1-13C]acetylcarnitine was not different. This suggests an increase in ketone body utilization in the diabetic heart, with the produced acetyl-CoA channelled into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This observation was corroborated by an increase activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body utilization, in the diabetic heart. The increased ketone body oxidation in the diabetic hearts correlated with cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, suggesting a potential coupling between ketone body metabolism and cardiac function. Hyperpolarized [3-13C]acetoacetate is a new probe with potential for non-invasive and real time monitoring of myocardial ketone body oxidation in vivo, which offers a powerful tool to follow disease progression or therapeutic interventions.
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8
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Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Pouliot P, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Lesage F, Gaestel M, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK5 haplodeficiency decreases collagen deposition and scar size during post-myocardial infarction wound repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1281-H1296. [PMID: 30901279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MK5 is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38, ERK3, and ERK4 MAPKs. MK5 mRNA and immunoreactivity are detected in mouse cardiac fibroblasts, and MK5 haplodeficiency attenuates the increase in collagen 1-α1 mRNA evoked by pressure overload. The present study examined the effect of MK5 haplodeficiency on reparative fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Twelve-week-old MK5+/- and wild-type littermate (MK5+/+) mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADL). Surviving mice were euthanized 8 or 21 days post-MI. Survival rates did not differ significantly between MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice, with rupture of the LV wall being the primary cause of death. Echocardiographic imaging revealed similar increases in LV end-diastolic diameter, myocardial performance index, and wall motion score index in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- mice. Area at risk did not differ between LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts. In contrast, infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content were reduced in LADL-MK5+/- hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis of mice experiencing heart rupture revealed increased MMP-9 immunoreactivity in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- hearts compared with LADL-MK5+/+. Although inflammatory cell infiltration was similar in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts, angiogenesis was more pronounced in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- mice. Characterization of ventricular fibroblasts revealed reduced motility and proliferation in fibroblasts isolated from MK5-/- mice compared with those from both wild-type and haplodeficient mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MK5 in fibroblasts from wild-type mice also impaired motility. Hence, reduced MK5 expression alters fibroblast function and scar morphology but not mortality post-MI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MK5/PRAK is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38 MAPK and/or atypical MAPKs ERK3/4. MK5 haplodeficiency reduced infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content post-myocardial infarction. Motility and proliferation were reduced in cultured MK5-null cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Russo I, Micotti E, Fumagalli F, Magnoli M, Ristagno G, Latini R, Staszewsky L. A novel echocardiographic method closely agrees with cardiac magnetic resonance in the assessment of left ventricular function in infarcted mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3580. [PMID: 30837662 PMCID: PMC6400943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for left ventricular (LV) function assessment in small rodents and, though echocardiography (ECHO) has been proposed as an alternative method, LV volumes may be underestimated when marked eccentric remodeling is present. In the present study we described a novel echocardiographic method and we tested the agreement with CMR for LV volumes and ejection fraction calculation in mice with experimental myocardial infarction. Sham-operated and infarcted mice, subjected to Coronary Artery Ligation, underwent ECHO and CMR. Volumes and ejection fraction were calculated by ECHO using a standard Simpson’s modified method (ECHO pLAX) or a method from sequential parasternal short axis (ECHO pSAX) acquired mechanically by translating the probe every 1 mm along the left ventricle. The mean differences ±1.96 standard deviation near to zero suggested close agreement between ECHO pSAX and CMR; contrarily ECHO pLAX agreement with CMR was lower. In addition, ECHO was three times shorter and cheaper (Relative cost difference: pLAX: −66% and pSAX −57%) than CMR. In conclusion, ECHO pSAX is a new, fast, cheap and accurate method for LV function assessment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Magnoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Staszewsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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10
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Kinchesh P, Gilchrist S, Beech JS, Gomes AL, Kersemans V, Newman RG, Vojnovic B, Allen PD, Brady M, Muschel RJ, Smart SC. Prospective gating control for highly efficient cardio-respiratory synchronised short and constant TR MRI in the mouse. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 53:20-27. [PMID: 29964184 PMCID: PMC6154312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac and respiratory motion derived image artefacts are reduced when data are acquired with cardiac and respiratory synchronisation. Where steady state imaging techniques are required in small animals, synchronisation is most commonly performed using retrospective gating techniques but these invoke an inherent time penalty. This paper reports the development of prospective gating techniques for cardiac and respiratory motion desensitised MRI with significantly reduced minimum scan time compared to retrospective gating. METHODS Prospective gating incorporating the automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath was implemented in short TR 3D spoiled gradient echo imaging. Motion sensitivity was examined over the whole mouse body for scans performed without gating, with respiratory gating, and with cardio-respiratory gating. The gating methods were performed with and without automatic reacquisition of motion corrupted data immediately after completion of the same breath. Prospective cardio-respiratory gating, with acquisition of 64 k-space lines per cardiac R-wave, was used to enable whole body DCE-MRI in the mouse. RESULTS Prospective cardio-respiratory gating enabled high fidelity steady state imaging of physiologically mobile organs such as the heart and lung. The automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath minimised respiratory motion artefact and enabled a highly efficient data capture that was adaptive to changes in the inter-breath interval. Prospective cardio-respiratory gating control enabled DCE-MRI to be performed over the whole mouse body with the acquisition of successive image volumes every 12-15 s at 422 μm isotropic resolution. CONCLUSIONS Highly efficient cardio-respiratory motion desensitised steady state MRI can be performed in small animals with prospective synchronisation, centre-out phase-encode ordering, and the automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath. The method presented is robust against spontaneous changes in the breathing rate. Steady state imaging with prospective cardio-respiratory gating is much more efficient than with retrospective gating, and enables the examination of rapidly changing systems such as those found when using DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John S Beech
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana L Gomes
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Newman
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Allen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Brady
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Kennedy TL, Guiraud S, Edwards B, Squire S, Moir L, Babbs A, Odom G, Golebiowski D, Schneider J, Chamberlain JS, Davies KE. Micro-utrophin Improves Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Function of Severely Affected D2/ mdx Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 11:92-105. [PMID: 30417024 PMCID: PMC6216100 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD boys are wheelchair-bound around 12 years and generally survive into their twenties. There is currently no effective treatment except palliative care, although personalized treatments such as exon skipping, stop codon read-through, and viral-based gene therapies are making progress. Patients present with skeletal muscle pathology, but most also show cardiomyopathy by the age of 10. A systemic therapeutic approach is needed that treats the heart and skeletal muscle defects in all patients. The dystrophin-related protein utrophin has been shown to compensate for the lack of dystrophin in the mildly affected BL10/mdx mouse. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate that AAV9-mediated micro-utrophin transgene delivery can not only functionally replace dystrophin in the heart, but also attenuate the skeletal muscle phenotype in severely affected D2/mdx mice. The data presented here show that utrophin can indeed alleviate the pathology in skeletal and cardiac muscle in D2/mdx mice. These results endorse the view that utrophin modulation has the potential to increase the quality life of all DMD patients whatever their mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee L Kennedy
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Simon Guiraud
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Ben Edwards
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Sarah Squire
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Lee Moir
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Arran Babbs
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Guy Odom
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kay E Davies
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre at the University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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12
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Timm KN, Apps A, Miller JJ, Ball V, Chong C, Dodd MS, Tyler DJ. Assessing the optimal preparation strategy to minimize the variability of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase flux measurements with hyperpolarized MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3992. [PMID: 30040147 PMCID: PMC6175301 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate MRS can measure cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux in vivo through 13 C-label incorporation into bicarbonate. Using this technology, substrate availability as well as pathology have been shown to modulate PDH flux. Clinical protocols attempt to standardize PDH flux with oral glucose loading prior to scanning, while rodents in preclinical studies are usually scanned in the fed state. We aimed to establish which strategy was optimal to maximize PDH flux and minimize its variability in both control and Type II diabetic rats, without affecting the pathological variation being assessed. We found similar variances in the bicarbonate to pyruvate ratio, reflecting PDH flux, in fed and fasted/glucose-loaded animals, which showed no statistically significant differences. Furthermore, fasting/glucose loading did not alter the low PDH flux seen in Type II diabetic rats. Overall this suggests that preclinical cardiac hyperpolarized magnetic resonance studies could be performed either in the fed or in the fasted/glucose-loaded state. Centres planning to start new clinical studies with cardiac hyperpolarized magnetic resonance in man may find it beneficial to run small proof-of-concept trials to determine whether metabolic standardizations by oral or intravenous glucose load are beneficial compared with scanning patients in the fed state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Apps
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Jack J. Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Cher‐Rin Chong
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Michael S. Dodd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
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13
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Stegmann H, Bäuerle T, Kienle K, Dittrich S, Alkassar M. 4D cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 4D and 2D transthoracic echocardiography: a comparison of in-vivo assessment of ventricular function in rats. Lab Anim 2018; 53:169-179. [PMID: 30081741 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218789971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical cardiovascular research is the foundation of our understanding and broad knowledge of heart function and cardiovascular disease. Reliable cardiac imaging modalities are the basis for applicable results. Four-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance (4D CMR) has been set as the gold standard for in-vivo assessment of ventricular function in rodents. However, technical improvements in echocardiography now allow us to image the whole heart, which makes four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE) a possible alternative to 4D CMR. To date, no study has systematically assessed 4DE in comparison with 4D CMR in rats. In total we studied 26 juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl: CD (SD) IGS). Twenty rats underwent echocardiographic imaging (2D and 4D) and 4D CMR. Five of those rats underwent a ligation of the superior and inferior vena cava to reduce the cardiac inflow as a disease model. Six additional rats were used to assess reproducibility of echocardiography and underwent three echocardiographic examinations. 4D CMR was performed on a 7T scanner; 2D and 4D echocardiography was conducted using a 40 MHz transducer. Correlation between 4D CMR, 4DE and 2DE for left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed. An excellent correlation was observed between 4DE and 4D CMR ( r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Correlation of 2DE and 4D CMR was weak ( r = 0.57, p < 0.01). 4DE provides results that are equally precise as 4D CMR and highly reproducible with less technical effort than 4D CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig Stegmann
- 1 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- 2 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kienle
- 1 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Dittrich
- 1 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Muhannad Alkassar
- 1 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Vieira JM, Norman S, Villa Del Campo C, Cahill TJ, Barnette DN, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Johnson LA, Greaves DR, Carr CA, Jackson DG, Riley PR. The cardiac lymphatic system stimulates resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3402-3412. [PMID: 29985167 PMCID: PMC6063482 DOI: 10.1172/jci97192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) arising from obstruction of the coronary circulation engenders massive cardiomyocyte loss and replacement by non-contractile scar tissue, leading to pathological remodeling, dysfunction, and ultimately heart failure. This is presently a global health problem for which there is no effective cure. Following MI, the innate immune system directs the phagocytosis of dead cell debris in an effort to stimulate cell repopulation and tissue renewal. In the mammalian adult heart, however, the persistent influx of immune cells, coupled with the lack of an inherent regenerative capacity, results in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we reveal that stimulation of cardiac lymphangiogenesis with VEGF-C improves clearance of the acute inflammatory response after MI by trafficking immune cells to draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) in a process dependent on lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Deletion of Lyve1 in mice, preventing docking and transit of leukocytes through the lymphatic endothelium, results in exacerbation of chronic inflammation and long-term deterioration of cardiac function. Our findings support targeting of the lymphatic/immune cell axis as a therapeutic paradigm to promote immune modulation and heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | - Sophie Norman
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | | | - Thomas J Cahill
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | - Damien N Barnette
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | - Louise A Johnson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
| | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - Paul R Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
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15
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Rohm M, Savic D, Ball V, Curtis MK, Bonham S, Fischer R, Legrave N, MacRae JI, Tyler DJ, Ashcroft FM. Cardiac Dysfunction and Metabolic Inflexibility in a Mouse Model of Diabetes Without Dyslipidemia. Diabetes 2018; 67:1057-1067. [PMID: 29610263 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for heart disease, leading to impaired cardiac function and a metabolic switch toward fatty acid usage. In this study, we investigated if hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia in the absence of dyslipidemia is sufficient to drive these changes and if they can be reversed by restoring euglycemia. Using the βV59M mouse model, in which diabetes can be rapidly induced and reversed, we show that stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced within 2 weeks of diabetes induction. Flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase was decreased, as measured in vivo by hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS. Metabolomics showed accumulation of pyruvate, lactate, alanine, tricarboxyclic acid cycle metabolites, and branched-chain amino acids. Myristic and palmitoleic acid were decreased. Proteomics revealed proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism were increased, whereas those involved in glucose metabolism decreased. Western blotting showed enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression. Elevated PDK4 and UCP3 and reduced pyruvate usage were present 24 h after diabetes induction. The observed effects were independent of dyslipidemia, as mice showed no evidence of elevated serum triglycerides or lipid accumulation in peripheral organs (including the heart). The effects of diabetes were reversible, as glibenclamide therapy restored euglycemia, cardiac metabolism and function, and PDK4/UCP3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rohm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Dragana Savic
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Vicky Ball
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - M Kate Curtis
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Damian J Tyler
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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16
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T2 Mapping for Noninvasive Assessment of Interstitial Edema in Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection in a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation. Invest Radiol 2018; 53:271-277. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Dedeić Z, Sutendra G, Hu Y, Chung K, Slee EA, White MJ, Zhou FY, Goldin RD, Ferguson DJP, McAndrew D, Schneider JE, Lu X. Cell autonomous role of iASPP deficiency in causing cardiocutaneous disorders. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1289-1303. [PMID: 29352264 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosome components are frequently mutated in cardiac and cutaneous disorders in animals and humans and enhanced inflammation is a common feature of these diseases. Previous studies showed that inhibitor of Apoptosis Stimulating p53 Protein (iASPP) regulates desmosome integrity at cell-cell junctions and transcription in the nucleus, and its deficiency causes cardiocutaneous disorder in mice, cattle, and humans. As iASPP is a ubiquitously expressed shuttling protein with multiple functions, a key question is whether the observed cardiocutaneous phenotypes are caused by loss of a cell autonomous role of iASPP in cardiomyocytes and keratinocytes specifically or by a loss of iASPP in other cell types such as immune cells. To address this, we developed cardiomyocyte-specific and keratinocyte-specific iASPP-deficient mouse models and show that the cell-type specific loss of iASPP in cardiomyocytes or keratinocytes is sufficient to induce cardiac or cutaneous disorders, respectively. Additionally, keratinocyte-specific iASPP-deficient mice have delayed eyelid development and wound healing. In keratinocytes, junctional iASPP is critical for stabilizing desmosomes and iASPP deficiency results in increased and disorganized cell migration, as well as impaired cell adhesion, consistent with delayed wound healing. The identification of a cell autonomous role of iASPP deficiency in causing cardiocutaneous syndrome, impaired eyelid development and wound healing suggests that variants in the iASPP gene also may contribute to polygenic heart and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida Dedeić
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Ying Hu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 1500080, China
| | - Kathryn Chung
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Slee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Michael J White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Felix Y Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - David J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Debra McAndrew
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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18
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Tricot B, Descoteaux M, Dumont M, Chagnon F, Tremblay L, Carpentier A, Lesur O, Lepage M, Lalande A. Improving the evaluation of cardiac function in rats at 7T with denoising filters: a comparison study. BMC Med Imaging 2017; 17:62. [PMID: 29258458 PMCID: PMC5735834 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate the use of different denoising filters on low signal-to-noise ratio cardiac images of the rat heart acquired with a birdcage volume coil at 7T. Accuracy and variability of cardiac function parameters were measured from manual segmentation of rat heart images with and without filtering. METHODS Ten rats were studied using a 7T Varian system. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction and left ventricle mass (LVM) were calculated from manual segmentation by two experts on cine-FLASH short-axis slices covering the left ventricle. Series were denoised with an anisotropic diffusion filter, a whole variation regularization or an optimized Rician non-local means (ORNLM) filtering technique. The effect of the different filters was evaluated by the calculation of signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios, followed by a study of intra- and inter-expert variability of the measurement of physiological parameters. The calculated LVM was compared to the LVM obtained by weighing the heart ex vivo. RESULTS The SNR and the CNR increased after application of the different filters. The performance of the ORNLM filter was superior for all the parameters of the cardiac function, as judged from the inter- and intra-observer variabilities. Moreover, this filtering technique resulted in the lowest variability in the LVM evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In cardiac MRI of rats, filtering is an interesting alternative that yields better contrast between myocardium and surrounding tissues and the ORNLM filter provided the largest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Tricot
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Département d’Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Matthieu Dumont
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frederic Chagnon
- Soins Intensifs Médicaux, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André Carpentier
- Département de Médecine, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Soins Intensifs Médicaux, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, CHUS - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Alain Lalande
- Le2I, Faculté de Médecine, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 7 Bld Jeanne d’Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, BP 87900 France
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19
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Zhang X, Qiu B, Wei Z, Yan F, Shi C, Su S, Liu X, Ji JX, Xie G. Three-dimensional self-gated cardiac MR imaging for the evaluation of myocardial infarction in mouse model on a 3T clinical MR system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189286. [PMID: 29216303 PMCID: PMC5720776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and assess a three-dimensional (3D) self-gated technique for the evaluation of myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse model without the use of external electrocardiogram (ECG) trigger and respiratory motion sensor on a 3T clinical MR system. Methods A 3D T1-weighted GRE sequence with stack-of-stars sampling trajectories was developed and performed on six mice with MIs that were injected with a gadolinium-based contrast agent at a 3T clinical MR system. Respiratory and cardiac self-gating signals were derived from the Cartesian mapping of the k-space center along the partition encoding direction by bandpass filtering in image domain. The data were then realigned according to the predetermined self-gating signals for the following image reconstruction. In order to accelerate the data acquisition, image reconstruction was based on compressed sensing (CS) theory by exploiting temporal sparsity of the reconstructed images. In addition, images were also reconstructed from the same realigned data by conventional regridding method for demonstrating the advantageous of the proposed reconstruction method. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting MI by the proposed method was assessed using histological analysis as the standard reference. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the proposed method and the histological analysis. Results Compared to the conventional regridding method, the proposed CS method reconstructed images with much less streaking artifact, as well as a better contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the blood and myocardium (4.1 ± 2.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.031). Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that excellent correlation was obtained between infarct sizes derived from the proposed method and histology analysis. Conclusion A 3D T1-weighted self-gating technique for mouse cardiac imaging was developed, which has potential for accurately evaluating MIs in mice at 3T clinical MR system without the use of external ECG trigger and respiratory motion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (GX); (BQ)
| | - Zijun Wei
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiyun Shi
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Su
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jim X. Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guoxi Xie
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GX); (BQ)
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20
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Nezafat M, Ramos IT, Henningsson M, Protti A, Basha T, Botnar RM. Improved segmented modified Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequence in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187621. [PMID: 29121086 PMCID: PMC5679534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Object To develop and evaluate a 2D modified Look-Locker (MOLLI) for high-resolution T1 mapping in mice using a 3T MRI scanner. Materials and methods To allow high-resolution T1 mapping in mice at high heart rates a multi-shot ECG-triggered 2D MOLLI sequence was developed. In the proposed T1 mapping sequence the optimal number of sampling points and pause cardiac cycles following an initial adiabatic inversion pulse was investigated in a phantom. Seven native control and eight mice, 3 days post myocardial infarction (MI) after administration of gadolinium were scanned. Two experienced readers graded the visual T1 map quality. Results In T1 phantoms, there were no significant differences (<0.4% error) between 12, 15 and 20 pause cardiac cycles (p = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.6 respectively) for 8 acquisition cardiac cycles for 600bpm in comparison to the conventional inversion recovery spin echo T1 mapping sequence for short T1’s (<600 ms). Subsequently, all in-vivo scans were performed with 8 data acquisitions and 12 pause cardiac cycles to minimize scan time. The mean native T1 value of myocardium in control animal was 820.5±52 ms. The post-contrast T1 measured 3 days after MI in scar was 264±59 ms and in healthy myocardium was 512±62 ms. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed mean difference of only -1.06% of infarct size percentage between T1 maps and LGE. Conclusions A multi-shot 2D MOLLI sequence has been presented that allows reliable measurement of high spatial resolution T1 maps in mice for heart rates up to 600bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nezafat
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel T. Ramos
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Henningsson
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamer Basha
- Cairo University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - René M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Yavari A, Bellahcene M, Bucchi A, Sirenko S, Pinter K, Herring N, Jung JJ, Tarasov KV, Sharpe EJ, Wolfien M, Czibik G, Steeples V, Ghaffari S, Nguyen C, Stockenhuber A, Clair JRS, Rimmbach C, Okamoto Y, Yang D, Wang M, Ziman BD, Moen JM, Riordon DR, Ramirez C, Paina M, Lee J, Zhang J, Ahmet I, Matt MG, Tarasova YS, Baban D, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Puliyadi R, de Bono J, Siggs OM, Gomes J, Muskett H, Maguire ML, Beglov Y, Kelly M, Dos Santos PPN, Bright NJ, Woods A, Gehmlich K, Isackson H, Douglas G, Ferguson DJP, Schneider JE, Tinker A, Wolkenhauer O, Channon KM, Cornall RJ, Sternick EB, Paterson DJ, Redwood CS, Carling D, Proenza C, David R, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D, Lakatta EG, Watkins H, Ashrafian H. Mammalian γ2 AMPK regulates intrinsic heart rate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1258. [PMID: 29097735 PMCID: PMC5668267 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK is a conserved serine/threonine kinase whose activity maintains cellular energy homeostasis. Eukaryotic AMPK exists as αβγ complexes, whose regulatory γ subunit confers energy sensor function by binding adenine nucleotides. Humans bearing activating mutations in the γ2 subunit exhibit a phenotype including unexplained slowing of heart rate (bradycardia). Here, we show that γ2 AMPK activation downregulates fundamental sinoatrial cell pacemaker mechanisms to lower heart rate, including sarcolemmal hyperpolarization-activated current (I f) and ryanodine receptor-derived diastolic local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ release. In contrast, loss of γ2 AMPK induces a reciprocal phenotype of increased heart rate, and prevents the adaptive intrinsic bradycardia of endurance training. Our results reveal that in mammals, for which heart rate is a key determinant of cardiac energy demand, AMPK functions in an organ-specific manner to maintain cardiac energy homeostasis and determines cardiac physiological adaptation to exercise by modulating intrinsic sinoatrial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Yavari
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Syevda Sirenko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katalin Pinter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Julia J Jung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emily J Sharpe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sahar Ghaffari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chinh Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander Stockenhuber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joshua R St Clair
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christian Rimmbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bruce D Ziman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jack M Moen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Daniel R Riordon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Christopher Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Manuel Paina
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Joonho Lee
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael G Matt
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yelena S Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dilair Baban
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rathi Puliyadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joseph de Bono
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Owen M Siggs
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John Gomes
- Department of Medicine, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Hannah Muskett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mahon L Maguire
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Youlia Beglov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pedro P N Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-110, Brazil
| | - Nicola J Bright
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Angela Woods
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Henrik Isackson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jürgen E Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Department of Medicine, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
- Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eduardo B Sternick
- Instituto de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-110, Brazil
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Charles S Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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22
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Castonguay A, Lefebvre J, Pouliot P, Avti P, Moeini M, Lesage F. Serial optical coherence scanning reveals an association between cardiac function and the heart architecture in the aging rodent heart. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5027-5038. [PMID: 29188099 PMCID: PMC5695949 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is accompanied by structural changes in the heart architecture. To explore this remodeling, we used a serial optical coherence tomography scanner to image entire mouse hearts at micron scale resolution. Ex vivo hearts of 7 young (4 months) and 5 old (24 months) C57BL/6 mice were acquired with the imaging platform. OCT of the myocardium revealed myofiber orientation changing linearly from the endocardium to the epicardium. In old mice, this rate of change was lower when compared to young mice while the average volume of old mice hearts was significantly larger (p<0.05). Myocardial wall thickening was also accompanied by extracellular spacing in the endocardium, resulting in a lower OCT attenuation coefficient in old mice endocardium (p<0.05). Prior to serial sectioning, cardiac function of the same hearts was imaged in vivo using MRI and revealed a reduced ejection fraction with aging. The use of a serial optical coherence tomography scanner allows new insight into fine age-related changes of the heart associated with changes in heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Castonguay
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal QC, H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Joël Lefebvre
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal QC, H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal QC, H3C3A7, Canada
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger Est, Montréal, QC, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Mohammad Moeini
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal QC, H3C3A7, Canada
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger Est, Montréal, QC, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal QC, H3C3A7, Canada
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger Est, Montréal, QC, H1T1C8, Canada
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23
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Joubert M, Tager P, Legallois D, Defourneaux E, Le Guellec B, Gerber B, Morello R, Manrique A. Test-retest reproducibility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in healthy mice at 7-Tesla: effect of anesthetic procedures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6698. [PMID: 28751730 PMCID: PMC5532227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo assessments of cardiac parameters in experimental animal models of cardiovascular diseases, but its reproducibility in this setting remains poorly explored. To address this issue, we investigated the test-retest reproducibility of preclinical cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 7 Tesla in healthy C57BL/6 mice, including an analysis of the impact of different anesthetic procedures (isoflurane or pentobarbital). We also analyzed the intra-study reproducibility and the intra- and inter-observer post-processing reproducibility of CMR images. Test-retest reproducibility was high for left ventricular parameters, especially with the isoflurane anesthetic procedure, whereas right ventricular parameters and deformation measurements were less reproducible, mainly due to physiological variability. Post-processing reproducibility of CMR images was high both within and between observers. These results highlight that anesthetic procedures might influence CMR test-retest reproducibility, an important ethical consideration for longitudinal studies in rodent models of cardiomyopathy to limit the number of animals used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joubert
- EA4650, Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France. .,Diabetes Care Unit, CHU de Caen, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Pia Tager
- EA4650, Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France.,Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- EA4650, Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France.,Cardiology, CHU de Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Bernhard Gerber
- Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Manrique
- EA4650, Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France.,Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen, 14000, Caen, France
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24
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Jackson LH, Vlachodimitropoulou E, Shangaris P, Roberts TA, Ryan TM, Campbell-Washburn AE, David AL, Porter JB, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ. Non-invasive MRI biomarkers for the early assessment of iron overload in a humanized mouse model of β-thalassemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43439. [PMID: 28240317 PMCID: PMC5327494 DOI: 10.1038/srep43439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia (βT) is a genetic blood disorder causing profound and life threatening anemia. Current clinical management of βT is a lifelong dependence on regular blood transfusions, a consequence of which is systemic iron overload leading to acute heart failure. Recent developments in gene and chelation therapy give hope of better prognosis for patients, but successful translation to clinical practice is hindered by the lack of thorough preclinical testing using representative animal models and clinically relevant quantitative biomarkers. Here we demonstrate a quantitative and non-invasive preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) platform for the assessment of βT in the γβ0/γβA humanized mouse model of βT. Changes in the quantitative MRI relaxation times as well as severe splenomegaly were observed in the heart, liver and spleen in βT. These data showed high sensitivity to iron overload and a strong relationship between quantitative MRI relaxation times and hepatic iron content. Importantly these changes preceded the onset of iron overload cardiomyopathy, providing an early biomarker of disease progression. This work demonstrates that multiparametric MRI is a powerful tool for the assessment of preclinical βT, providing sensitive and quantitative monitoring of tissue iron sequestration and cardiac dysfunction- parameters essential for the preclinical development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence H Jackson
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas A Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas M Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Laboratory of Imaging Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Anna L David
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John B Porter
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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25
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Assessment of Longitudinal Reproducibility of Mice LV Function Parameters at 11.7 T Derived from Self-Gated CINE MRI. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8392952. [PMID: 28321415 PMCID: PMC5340939 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8392952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was the assessment of the reproducibility of self-gated cardiac MRI in mice at ultra-high-field strength. A group of adult mice (n = 5) was followed over 360 days with a standardized MR protocol including reproducible animal position and standardized planning of the scan planes. From the resulting CINE MRI data, global left ventricular (LV) function parameters including end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular mass (LVM) were quantified. The reproducibility of the self-gated technique as well as the intragroup variability and longitudinal changes of the investigated parameters was assessed. Self-gated cardiac MRI proved excellent reproducibility of the global LV function parameters, which was in the order of the intragroup variability. Longitudinal assessment did not reveal any significant variations for EDV, ESV, SV, and EF but an expected increase of the LVM with increasing age. In summary, self-gated MRI in combination with a standardized protocol for animal positioning and scan plane planning ensures reproducible assessment of global LV function parameters.
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26
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Saito S, Masuda K, Mori Y, Nakatani S, Yoshioka Y, Murase K. Mapping of left ventricle wall thickness in mice using 11.7-T magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 36:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Constantinides C, Murphy K. Molecular and Integrative Physiological Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia: The Paradigm of Cardiovascular Studies in Rodents using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:23. [PMID: 27525256 PMCID: PMC4965459 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To-this-date, the exact molecular, cellular, and integrative physiological mechanisms of anesthesia remain largely unknown. Published evidence indicates that anesthetic effects are multifocal and occur in a time-dependent and coordinated manner, mediated via central, local, and peripheral pathways. Their effects can be modulated by a range of variables, and their elicited end-effect on the integrative physiological response is highly variable. This review summarizes the major cellular and molecular sites of anesthetic action with a focus on the paradigm of isoflurane (ISO) - the most commonly used anesthetic nowadays - and its use in prolonged in vivo rodent studies using imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It also presents established evidence for normal ranges of global and regional physiological cardiac function under ISO, proposes optimal, practical methodologies relevant to the use of anesthetic protocols for MRI and outlines the beneficial effects of nitrous oxide supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Chi Biomedical Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathy Murphy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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28
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Slingo M, Cole M, Carr C, Curtis MK, Dodd M, Giles L, Heather LC, Tyler D, Clarke K, Robbins PA. The von Hippel-Lindau Chuvash mutation in mice alters cardiac substrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H759-67. [PMID: 27422990 PMCID: PMC5142182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00912.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first integrative metabolic and functional study of the effects of modest hypoxia-inducible factor manipulation within the heart. Of particular note, the combination (and correlation) of perfused heart metabolic flux measurements with the new technique of real-time in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy using hyperpolarized pyruvate is a novel development. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) appears to function as a global master regulator of cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia. HIF pathway manipulation is of therapeutic interest; however, global systemic upregulation of HIF may have as yet unknown effects on multiple processes. We used a mouse model of Chuvash polycythemia (CP), a rare genetic disorder that modestly increases expression of HIF target genes in normoxia, to understand what these effects might be within the heart. An integrated in and ex vivo approach was employed. Compared with wild-type controls, CP mice had evidence (using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging) of pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased left ventricular ejection fraction. Glycolytic flux (measured using [3H]glucose) in the isolated contracting perfused CP heart was 1.8-fold higher. Net lactate efflux was 1.5-fold higher. Furthermore, in vivo 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized [13C1]pyruvate revealed a twofold increase in real-time flux through lactate dehydrogenase in the CP hearts and a 1.6-fold increase through pyruvate dehydrogenase. 31P-MRS of perfused CP hearts under increased workload (isoproterenol infusion) demonstrated increased depletion of phosphocreatine relative to ATP. Intriguingly, no changes in cardiac gene expression were detected. In summary, a modest systemic dysregulation of the HIF pathway resulted in clear alterations in cardiac metabolism and energetics. However, in contrast to studies generating high HIF levels within the heart, the CP mice showed neither the predicted changes in gene expression nor any degree of LV impairment. We conclude that the effects of manipulating HIF on the heart are dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Slingo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cole
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Dodd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Giles
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Robbins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vanhoutte L, Gerber BL, Gallez B, Po C, Magat J, Balligand JL, Feron O, Moniotte S. High field magnetic resonance imaging of rodents in cardiovascular research. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:46. [PMID: 27287250 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic and gene knockout rodent models are primordial to study pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular research. Over time, cardiac MRI has become a gold standard for in vivo evaluation of such models. Technical advances have led to the development of magnets with increasingly high field strength, allowing specific investigation of cardiac anatomy, global and regional function, viability, perfusion or vascular parameters. The aim of this report is to provide a review of the various sequences and techniques available to image mice on 7-11.7 T magnets and relevant to the clinical setting in humans. Specific technical aspects due to the rise of the magnetic field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Vanhoutte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium. .,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chrystelle Po
- CNRS, ICube, FMTS, Institut de Physique Biologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Magat
- L'Institut de RYthmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC), Inserm U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Moniotte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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Hendrikx G, Bauwens M, Wierts R, Mottaghy FM, Post MJ. Left ventricular function measurements in a mouse myocardial infarction model. Comparison between 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated SPECT. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55:115-22. [PMID: 27046440 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0776-15-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the accuracy of ECG-gated micro (µ)-SPECT in a mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model in comparison to 3D-echocardiography. ANIMALS, METHODS In a mouse (Swiss mice) MI model we compared the accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi (99mTc-sestamibi) myocardial perfusion, electrocardiogram (ECG) gated µSPECT to 3D-echocardiography in determining left ventricular function. 3D-echocardiography and myocardial perfusion ECG-gated µSPECT data were acquired in the same animal at baseline (n = 11) and 7 (n = 8) and 35 (n = 9) days post ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Sham operated mice were used as a control (8, 6 and 7 mice respectively). Additionally, after day 35 µSPECT scans, hearts were harvested and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and autoradiography was performed to determine infarct size. RESULTS In both infarcted and sham-operated mice we consistently found comparable values for the end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) obtained by 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT. Excellent correlations between measurements from 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT were found for EDV, ESV and EF (r = 0.9532, r = 0.9693 respectively and r = 0.9581) in infarcted mice. Furthermore, comparable infarct size values were found at day 35 post MI by TTC staining and autoradiography (27.71 ± 1.80% and 29.20 ± 1.18% with p = 0.43). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that ECG-gated µSPECT imaging provides reliable left ventricular function measurements in a mouse MI model. Obtained results were comparable to the highly accurate 3D-echocardiography. This, in addition to the opportunity to simultaneously image multiple biological processes during a single acquisition makes µSPECT imaging a serious option for studying cardiovascular disease in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Prof. Dr. Felix M. Mottaghy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel. +31/433 87 49 11,
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31
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Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Teh I, Schneider JE, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Ball V, Sibson NR, Tyler DJ. Robust and high resolution hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the rat heart at 7 T with 3D spectral-spatial EPI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1515-24. [PMID: 25991606 PMCID: PMC4556070 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized metabolic imaging has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of diseases where metabolism is dysregulated, such as heart disease. We investigated the feasibility of imaging rodent myocardial metabolism at high resolution at 7 T. METHODS We present here a fly-back spectral-spatial radiofrequency pulse that sidestepped maximum gradient strength requirements and enabled high resolution metabolic imaging of the rodent myocardium. A 3D echo-planar imaging readout followed, with centric ordered z-phase encoding. The cardiac gated sequence was used to image metabolism in rodents whose metabolic state had been manipulated by being fasted, fed, or fed and given the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate. RESULTS We imaged hyperpolarized metabolites with a spatial resolution of 2×2×3.8 mm(3) and a temporal resolution of 1.8 s in the rat heart at 7 T. Significant differences in myocardial pyruvate dehydrogenase flux were observed between the three groups of animals, concomitant with the known biochemistry. CONCLUSION The proposed sequence was able to image in vivo metabolism with excellent spatial resolution in the rat heart. The field of view enabled the simultaneous multi-organ acquisition of metabolic information from the rat, which is of great utility for preclinical research in cardiovascular disease. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Miller
- Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Angus Z. Lau
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Irvin Teh
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Jürgen E. Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Sean Smart
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
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32
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Wech T, Seiberlich N, Schindele A, Grau V, Diffley L, Gyngell ML, Borzì A, Köstler H, Schneider JE. Development of Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mouse Hearts at 9.4 Tesla--Simulations and First Application. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:912-920. [PMID: 26595913 PMCID: PMC4948122 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2501832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for real-time magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of cardiac function in mice at 9.4 T is proposed. The technique combines a highly undersampled radial gradient echo acquisition with an image reconstruction utilizing both parallel imaging and compressed sensing. Simulations on an in silico phantom were performed to determine the achievable acceleration factor and to optimize regularization parameters. Several parameters characterizing the quality of the reconstructed images (such as spatial and temporal image sharpness or compartment areas) were calculated for this purpose. Subsequently, double-gated segmented cine data as well as non-gated undersampled real-time data using only six projections per timeframe (temporal resolution ∼ 10 ms) were acquired in a mid-ventricular slice of four normal mouse hearts in vivo. The highly accelerated data sets were then subjected to the introduced reconstruction technique and results were validated against the fully sampled references. Functional parameters obtained from real-time and fully sampled data agreed well with a comparable accuracy for left-ventricular volumes and a slightly larger scatter for mass. This study introduces and validates a real-time cine-MRI technique, which significantly reduces scan time in preclinical cardiac functional imaging and has the potential to investigate mouse models with abnormal heart rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wech
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, and with the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Vicente Grau
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Leonie Diffley
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alfio Borzì
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Köstler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, and with the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Jürgen E. Schneider
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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33
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Chen Y, Li W, Jiang K, Wang CY, Yu X. Rapid T2 mapping of mouse heart using the carr-purcell-meiboom-gill sequence and compressed sensing reconstruction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:375-82. [PMID: 26854752 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and prove preliminary validation of a fast in vivo T2 mapping technique for mouse heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments were performed on a 7T animal scanner. The standard Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence was modified to minimize the effect of stimulated echoes for accurate T2 quantification. The acquisition was further accelerated with the compressed sensing approach. The accuracy of the proposed method was first validated with both phantom experiments and numerical simulations. In vivo T2 measurement was performed on seven mice in a manganese-enhanced MRI study. RESULTS In phantom studies, T2 values obtained with the modified CPMG sequence are in good agreement with the standard spin-echo method (P > 0.05). Numerical simulations further demonstrated that with the application of the compressed sensing approach, fast T2 quantification with a spatial resolution of 2.3 mm can be achieved at a high temporal resolution of 1 minute per slice. With the proposed technique, an average T2 value of 25 msec was observed for mouse heart at 7T and this number decreased significantly after manganese infusion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION A rapid T2 mapping technique was developed and assessed, which allows accurate T2 quantification of mouse heart at a temporal resolution of 1 minute per slice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:375-382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charlie Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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34
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Chen W, Zhang B, Xia R, Zhang R, Xu Z, Chen Y, Wang C, Wang L, Zheng J, Gao F. T2 mapping at 7T MRI can quantitatively assess intramyocardial hemorrhage in rats with acute reperfused myocardial infarction in vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:194-203. [PMID: 26762612 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate T2 mapping at 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and quantification of reperfused intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 25 female rats. Rats were scanned at a 7T MRI 48 hours after reperfusion, using T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Gross sections of the left ventricular myocardium and corresponding hematoxylin and eosin staining were assessed for IMH. T2 mapping images were matched with the gross sections. The IMH volume, expressed as a percentage of the left ventricular myocardial volume, of each heart determined by T2 mapping was compared with that calculated by pathological gross examination. RESULTS Six rats died. In all, 97 gross sections of the left ventricular myocardium from the 19 rats were matched with T2 mapping images. IMH occurred pathologically in 68 gross sections, which was detected as hypointense cores by T2 mapping in 63 images (93% sensitivity). Three T2 mapping images with hypointense cores showed no hemorrhage on pathological sections (90% specificity). The positive and negative predictive values of hemorrhage on T2 mapping were 95% and 84%, respectively. In terms of the IMH volume, there was no significant difference between T2 mapping and pathological gross measurements (4.8 ± 2.4% vs. 5.3 ± 3.2%; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION T2 mapping at 7T MRI can reliably detect and quantify IMH in rats in vivo. This may be useful as a noninvasive quantitative approach to investigating the mechanisms and evolution of MI and reperfusion injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:194-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushu Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Bakermans AJ, Abdurrachim D, Moonen RPM, Motaal AG, Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Vandoorne K, Nicolay K. Small animal cardiovascular MR imaging and spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 88-89:1-47. [PMID: 26282195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of MR imaging and spectroscopy for studying cardiovascular disease processes in small animals has increased tremendously over the past decade. This is the result of the remarkable advances in MR technologies and the increased availability of genetically modified mice. MR techniques provide a window on the entire timeline of cardiovascular disease development, ranging from subtle early changes in myocardial metabolism that often mark disease onset to severe myocardial dysfunction associated with end-stage heart failure. MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques play an important role in basic cardiovascular research and in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up. This is due to the broad range of functional, structural and metabolic parameters that can be quantified by MR under in vivo conditions non-invasively. This review describes the spectrum of MR techniques that are employed in small animal cardiovascular disease research and how the technological challenges resulting from the small dimensions of heart and blood vessels as well as high heart and respiratory rates, particularly in mice, are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Bakermans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah G Motaal
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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van Ewijk PA, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Bekkers SCAM, Glatz JFC, Wildberger JE, Kooi ME. MRS: a noninvasive window into cardiac metabolism. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:747-66. [PMID: 26010681 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A well-functioning heart requires a constant supply of a balanced mixture of nutrients to be used for the production of adequate amounts of adenosine triphosphate, which is the main energy source for most cellular functions. Defects in cardiac energy metabolism are linked to several myocardial disorders. MRS can be used to study in vivo changes in cardiac metabolism noninvasively. MR techniques allow repeated measurements, so that disease progression and the response to treatment or to a lifestyle intervention can be monitored. It has also been shown that MRS can predict clinical heart failure and death. This article focuses on in vivo MRS to assess cardiac metabolism in humans and experimental animals, as experimental animals are often used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic diseases. Various MR techniques, such as cardiac (31) P-MRS, (1) H-MRS, hyperpolarized (13) C-MRS and Dixon MRI, are described. A short overview of current and emerging applications is given. Cardiac MRS is a promising technique for the investigation of the relationship between cardiac metabolism and cardiac disease. However, further optimization of scan time and signal-to-noise ratio is required before broad clinical application. In this respect, the ongoing development of advanced shimming algorithms, radiofrequency pulses, pulse sequences, (multichannel) detection coils, the use of hyperpolarized nuclei and scanning at higher magnetic field strengths offer future perspective for clinical applications of MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronella A van Ewijk
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Human Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Radiology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Human Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Radiology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan F C Glatz
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Molecular Genetics, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Eline Kooi
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Radiology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Klotz L, Norman S, Vieira JM, Masters M, Rohling M, Dubé KN, Bollini S, Matsuzaki F, Carr CA, Riley PR. Cardiac lymphatics are heterogeneous in origin and respond to injury. Nature 2015; 522:62-7. [PMID: 25992544 PMCID: PMC4458138 DOI: 10.1038/nature14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is a blind-ended network crucial for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance and lipid absorption from the gut. Recent evidence has proposed an entirely venous-derived mammalian lymphatic system. In contrast, we reveal here that cardiac lymphatic vessels have a heterogeneous cellular origin, whereby formation of at least part of the cardiac lymphatic network is independent of sprouting from veins. Multiple cre-lox based lineage tracing revealed a potential contribution from the hemogenic endothelium during development and discrete lymphatic endothelial progenitor populations were confirmed by conditional knockout of Prox1 in Tie2+ and Vav1+ compartments. In the adult heart, myocardial infarction (MI) promoted a significant lymphangiogenic response, which was augmented by treatment with VEGF-C resulting in improved cardiac function. These data prompt the re-evaluation of a century-long debate on the origin of lymphatic vessels and suggest that lymphangiogenesis may represent a therapeutic target to promote cardiac repair following injury.
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38
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Variability of Mouse Left Ventricular Function Assessment by 11.7 Tesla MRI. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:362-71. [PMID: 26070905 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied intraobserver (n = 24), interobserver (n = 24) and interexperiment (n = 12) reproducibility of left ventricular (LV) mass and volume measurements in mice using an 11.7 T MRI system. The LV systolic function was assessed with a short-axis FLASH-cine sequence in 29 mice, including animals having undergone transverse aortic constriction. Bland-Altman and regression analysis were used to compare the different data sets. Reproducibility was excellent for the LV mass and end-diastolic volume (coefficient of variability (CoV) between 5.4 and 11.8 %), good for end-systolic volume (CoV 15.2-19.4 %) and moderate for stroke volume and ejection fraction (CoV 14.7-20.9 %). We found an excellent correlation between LV mass determined by MRI and ex vivo morphometric data (r = 0.92). In conclusion, LV systolic function can be assessed on an 11.7 T MRI scanner with high reproducibility for most parameters, as needed in longitudinal studies. However, data should be interpreted taking into account the moderate reproducibility of small volumes.
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Coolen BF, Simonis FFJ, Geelen T, Moonen RPM, Arslan F, Paulis LEM, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Quantitative T2 mapping of the mouse heart by segmented MLEV phase-cycled T2 preparation. Magn Reson Med 2015; 72:409-17. [PMID: 24186703 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A high-quality, reproducible, multi-slice T2-mapping protocol for the mouse heart is presented. METHODS A T2-prepared sequence with composite 90° and 180° radiofrequency pulses in a segmented MLEV phase cycling scheme was developed. The T2-mapping protocol was optimized using simulations and evaluated with phantoms. RESULTS Repeatability for determination of myocardial T2 values was assessed in vivo in n = 5 healthy mice on 2 different days. The average baseline T2 of the left ventricular myocardium was 22.5 ± 1.7 ms. The repeatability coefficient for R2 = 1/T2 for measurements at different days was ΔR2 = 6.3 s(−1). Subsequently, T2 mapping was applied in comparison to late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging, to assess 1-day-old ischemia/reperfusion (IR) myocardial injury in n = 8 mice. T2 in the infarcts was significantly higher than in remote tissue, whereas remote tissue was not significantly different from baseline. Infarct sizes based on T2 versus LGE showed strong correlation. To assess the time-course of T2 changes in the infarcts, T2 mapping was performed at day 1, 3, and 7 after IR injury in a separate group of mice (n = 16). T2 was highest at day 3, in agreement with the expected time course of edema formation and resolution after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION T2 prepared imaging provides high quality reproducible T2 maps of healthy and diseased mouse myocardium.
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40
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Seymour AML, Giles L, Ball V, Miller JJ, Clarke K, Carr CA, Tyler DJ. In vivo assessment of cardiac metabolism and function in the abdominal aortic banding model of compensated cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:249-60. [PMID: 25750189 PMCID: PMC4400188 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to chronic mechanical overload and can lead to functional deterioration and heart failure. Changes in cardiac energy metabolism are considered as key to the hypertrophic remodelling process. The concurrence of obesity and hypertrophy has been associated with contractile dysfunction, and this work therefore aimed to investigate the in vivo structural, functional, and metabolic remodelling that occurs in the hypertrophied heart in the setting of a high-fat, high-sucrose, Western diet (WD). Methods and results Following induction of cardiac hypertrophy through abdominal aortic banding, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either a standard diet or a WD (containing 45% fat and 16% sucrose) for up to 14 weeks. Cardiac structural and functional characteristics were determined by CINE MRI, and in vivo metabolism was investigated using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvate. Cardiac hypertrophy was observed at all time points, irrespective of dietary manipulation, with no evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Pyruvate dehydrogenase flux was unchanged in the hypertrophied animals at any time point, but increased incorporation of the 13C label into lactate was observed by 9 weeks and maintained at 14 weeks, indicative of enhanced glycolysis. Conclusion Hypertrophied hearts revealed little evidence of a switch towards increased glucose oxidation but rather an uncoupling of glycolytic metabolism from glucose oxidation. This was maintained under conditions of dietary stress provided by a WD but, at this compensated phase of hypertrophy, did not result in any contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L Seymour
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Lucia Giles
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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Maier J, Sawall S, Kachelrieß M. Assessment of dedicated low-dose cardiac micro-CT reconstruction algorithms using the left ventricular volume of small rodents as a performance measure. Med Phys 2014; 41:051908. [PMID: 24784387 DOI: 10.1118/1.4870983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase-correlated microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging plays an important role in the assessment of mouse models of cardiovascular diseases and the determination of functional parameters as the left ventricular volume. As the current gold standard, the phase-correlated Feldkamp reconstruction (PCF), shows poor performance in case of low dose scans, more sophisticated reconstruction algorithms have been proposed to enable low-dose imaging. In this study, the authors focus on the McKinnon-Bates (MKB) algorithm, the low dose phase-correlated (LDPC) reconstruction, and the high-dimensional total variation minimization reconstruction (HDTV) and investigate their potential to accurately determine the left ventricular volume at different dose levels from 50 to 500 mGy. The results were verified in phantom studies of a five-dimensional (5D) mathematical mouse phantom. METHODS Micro-CT data of eight mice, each administered with an x-ray dose of 500 mGy, were acquired, retrospectively gated for cardiac and respiratory motion and reconstructed using PCF, MKB, LDPC, and HDTV. Dose levels down to 50 mGy were simulated by using only a fraction of the projections. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was evaluated as a measure of image quality. Left ventricular volume was determined using different segmentation algorithms (Otsu, level sets, region growing). Forward projections of the 5D mouse phantom were performed to simulate a micro-CT scan. The simulated data were processed the same way as the real mouse data sets. RESULTS Compared to the conventional PCF reconstruction, the MKB, LDPC, and HDTV algorithm yield images of increased quality in terms of CNR. While the MKB reconstruction only provides small improvements, a significant increase of the CNR is observed in LDPC and HDTV reconstructions. The phantom studies demonstrate that left ventricular volumes can be determined accurately at 500 mGy. For lower dose levels which were simulated for real mouse data sets, the HDTV algorithm shows the best performance. At 50 mGy, the deviation from the reference obtained at 500 mGy were less than 4%. Also the LDPC algorithm provides reasonable results with deviation less than 10% at 50 mGy while PCF and MKB reconstruction show larger deviations even at higher dose levels. CONCLUSIONS LDPC and HDTV increase CNR and allow for quantitative evaluations even at dose levels as low as 50 mGy. The left ventricular volumes exemplarily illustrate that cardiac parameters can be accurately estimated at lowest dose levels if sophisticated algorithms are used. This allows to reduce dose by a factor of 10 compared to today's gold standard and opens new options for longitudinal studies of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Maier
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Sawall
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Kachelrieß
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare a new generation of four-dimensional micro-single photon emission computed tomography (microSPECT) with microCT for the quantitative in vivo assessment of murine cardiac function. PROCEDURES Four-dimensional isotropic cardiac images were acquired from anesthetized normal C57BL/6 mice with either microSPECT (n = 6) or microCT (n = 6). One additional mouse with myocardial infarction (MI) was scanned with both modalities. Prior to imaging, mice were injected with either technetium tetrofosmin for microSPECT or a liposomal blood pool contrast agent for microCT. Segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) was performed using Vitrea (Vital Images) software, to derive global and regional function. RESULTS Measures of global LV function between microSPECT and microCT groups were comparable (e.g., ejection fraction = 71 ± 6 % microSPECT and 68 ± 4 % microCT). Regional functional indices (wall motion, wall thickening, regional ejection fraction) were also similar for the two modalities. In the mouse with MI, microSPECT identified a large perfusion defect that was not evident with microCT. CONCLUSIONS Despite lower spatial resolution, microSPECT was comparable to microCT in the quantitative evaluation of cardiac function. MicroSPECT offers an advantage over microCT in the ability to evaluate simultaneously myocardial radiotracer distribution and function, simultaneously. MicroSPECT should be considered as an alternative to microCT and magnetic resonance for preclinical cardiac imaging in the mouse.
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Grieve SM, Mazhar J, Callaghan F, Kok CY, Tandy S, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Automated quantification of myocardial salvage in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury using 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:jah3614. [PMID: 25146703 PMCID: PMC4310382 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Quantification of myocardial “area at risk” (AAR) and myocardial infarction (MI) zone is critical for assessing novel therapies targeting myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Current “gold‐standard” methods perfuse the heart with Evan's Blue and stain with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), requiring manual slicing and analysis. We aimed to develop and validate a high‐resolution 3‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for quantifying MI and AAR. Methods and Results Forty‐eight hours after IR was induced, rats were anesthetized and gadopentetate dimeglumine was administered intravenously. After 10 minutes, the coronary artery was re‐ligated and a solution containing iron oxide microparticles and Evan's Blue was infused (for comparison). Hearts were harvested and transversally sectioned for TTC staining. Ex vivo MR images of slices were acquired on a 9.4‐T magnet. T2* data allowed visualization of AAR, with microparticle‐associated signal loss in perfused regions. T1 data demonstrated gadolinium retention in infarcted zones. Close correlation (r=0.92 to 0.94; P<0.05) of MRI and Evan's Blue/TTC measures for both AAR and MI was observed when the combined techniques were applied to the same heart slice. However, 3D MRI acquisition and analysis of whole heart reduced intra‐observer variability compared to assessment of isolated slices, and allowed automated segmentation and analysis, thus reducing interobserver variation. Anatomical resolution of 81 μm3 was achieved (versus ≈2 mm with manual slicing). Conclusions This novel, yet simple, MRI technique allows precise assessment of infarct and AAR zones. It removes the need for tissue slicing and provides opportunity for 3D digital analysis at high anatomical resolution in a streamlined manner accessible for all laboratories already performing IR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Grieve
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.) Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G.) Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., F.C.)
| | - Jawad Mazhar
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.) Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.M., R.B., G.A.F.)
| | - Fraser Callaghan
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., F.C.)
| | - Cindy Y Kok
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.)
| | - Sarah Tandy
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.)
| | - Ravinay Bhindi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.) Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.M., R.B., G.A.F.)
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (S.M.G., J.M., C.Y.K., S.T., R.B., G.A.F.) Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.M., R.B., G.A.F.)
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Meßner NM, Zöllner FG, Kalayciyan R, Schad LR. Pre-clinical functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Part II: The heart. Z Med Phys 2014; 24:307-22. [PMID: 25023418 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One third of all deaths worldwide in 2008 were caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the incidence of CVD related deaths rises ever more. Thus, improved imaging techniques and modalities are needed for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a minimally invasive technique that is increasingly important due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, its high soft tissue contrast and its ability of functional and quantitative imaging. It is widely accepted as the gold standard of cardiac functional analysis. In the short period of small animal MRI, remarkable progress has been achieved concerning new, fast imaging schemes as well as purpose-built equipment. Dedicated small animal scanners allow for tapping the full potential of recently developed animal models of cardiac disease. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques and applications in small animals at ultra-high fields (UHF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M Meßner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Raffi Kalayciyan
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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O'Reilly VC, Lopes Floro K, Shi H, Chapman BE, Preis JI, James AC, Chapman G, Harvey RP, Johnson RS, Grieve SM, Sparrow DB, Dunwoodie SL. Gene-environment interaction demonstrates the vulnerability of the embryonic heart. Dev Biol 2014; 391:99-110. [PMID: 24657234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian embryos develop in a low oxygen environment. The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1α) is a key element in the cellular response to hypoxia. Complete deletion of Hif1α from the mouse conceptus causes extensive placental, vascular and heart defects, resulting in embryonic lethality. However the precise role of Hif1α in each of these organ systems remains unknown. To further investigate, we conditionally-deleted Hif1α from mesoderm, vasculature and heart individually. Surprisingly, deletion from these tissues did not recapitulate the same severe heart phenotype or embryonic lethality. Placental insufficiency, such as occurs in the complete Hif1α null, results in elevated cellular hypoxia in mouse embryos. We hypothesized that subjecting the Hif1α conditional null embryos to increased hypoxic stress might exacerbate the effects of tissue-specific Hif1α deletion. We tested this hypothesis using a model system mimicking placental insufficiency. We found that the majority of embryos lacking Hif1α in the heart died when exposed to non-physiological hypoxia. This was a heart-specific phenomenon, as HIF1α protein accumulated predominantly in the myocardium of hypoxia-stressed embryos. Our study demonstrates the vulnerability of the heart to lowered oxygen levels, and that under such conditions of non-physiological hypoxia the embryo absolutely requires Hif1α to continue normal development. Importantly, these findings extend our understanding of the roles of Hif1α in cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C O'Reilly
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Kylie Lopes Floro
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Bogdan E Chapman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Bioscience Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Jost I Preis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Alexander C James
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Gavin Chapman
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Bioscience Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent׳s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, de Lacy Building, St. Vincent׳s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3 EG, United Kingdom.
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Bioscience Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent׳s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, de Lacy Building, St. Vincent׳s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent׳s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, de Lacy Building, St. Vincent׳s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Hsiao LC, Perbellini F, Gomes RSM, Tan JJ, Vieira S, Faggian G, Clarke K, Carr CA. Murine cardiosphere-derived cells are impaired by age but not by cardiac dystrophic dysfunction. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1027-36. [PMID: 24351030 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To be clinically relevant as a therapy for heart failure, endogenous progenitor cells must be isolated and expanded from aged and/or diseased tissue. Here, we investigated the effect of age and cardiac impairment resulting from lack of dystrophin on murine cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). CDCs were isolated and expanded from atrial biopsies from wild-type mice aged 1.5, 6, 18, and 24 months and from mdx mice aged 6 and 18 months. Cardiac function was measured in mdx mice and age-matched wild-type mice using high-resolution cine magnetic resonance imaging. CDCs could be isolated and expanded from all mice, however, the number of cells obtained, and their regenerative potential, decreased with age, as demonstrated by decreased expression of stem cell markers, c-kit and Sca-1, and decreased cell proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and differentiation. Six-month-old mdx mice showed right ventricular (RV) dilation and reduced RV ejection fraction (EF) in comparison to wild-type mice. Older mdx mice displayed significant RV and left ventricular dilation and decreased EF in both ventricles, compared with age-matched wild-type mice. Mdx mouse hearts contained significantly more fibrotic tissue than age-matched wild-type mouse hearts. However, CDCs isolated from mice aged 6 and 18 months had the same number and regenerative potential from mdx mice and age-matched wild-type mice. Thus, the cardiac progenitor cell population is impaired by age but is not substantially altered by the progressive deterioration in function of the dystrophic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Cheng Hsiao
- 1 Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mourkioti F, Kustan J, Kraft P, Day JW, Zhao MM, Kost-Alimova M, Protopopov A, DePinho RA, Bernstein D, Meeker AK, Blau HM. Role of telomere dysfunction in cardiac failure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:895-904. [PMID: 23831727 PMCID: PMC3774175 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common inherited muscular dystrophy of childhood, leads to death due to cardiorespiratory failure. Paradoxically, mdx mice with the same genetic deficiency of dystrophin exhibit minimal cardiac dysfunction, impeding the development of therapies. We postulated that the difference between mdx and DMD might result from differences in telomere lengths in mice and humans. We show here that, like DMD patients, mice that lack dystrophin and have shortened telomeres (mdx/mTR(KO)) develop severe functional cardiac deficits including ventricular dilation, contractile and conductance dysfunction, and accelerated mortality. These cardiac defects are accompanied by telomere erosion, mitochondrial fragmentation and increased oxidative stress. Treatment with antioxidants significantly retards the onset of cardiac dysfunction and death of mdx/mTR(KO) mice. In corroboration, all four of the DMD patients analysed had 45% shorter telomeres in their cardiomyocytes relative to age- and sex-matched controls. We propose that the demands of contraction in the absence of dystrophin coupled with increased oxidative stress conspire to accelerate telomere erosion culminating in cardiac failure and death. These findings provide strong support for a link between telomere length and dystrophin deficiency in the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD and suggest preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Mourkioti
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jackie Kustan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peggy Kraft
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Helen M. Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Richardson JD, Bertaso AG, Frost L, Psaltis PJ, Carbone A, Koschade B, Wong DT, Nelson AJ, Paton S, Williams K, Azarisman S, Worthley MI, Teo KS, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW, Worthley SG. Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography: a comparison of in vivo assessment of ventricular function in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47:291-300. [PMID: 23836849 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213494373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of ventricular function in rodents has largely been restricted to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) have emerged as possible alternatives. Yet, to date, no study has systematically assessed these three imaging modalities in determining ejection fraction (EF) in rats. Twenty rats underwent imaging four weeks after surgically-induced myocardial infarction. CMR was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, TTE was conducted using a 9.2 MHz transducer and TOE was performed with a 10 MHz intracardiac echo catheter. Correlation between the three techniques for EF determination and analysis reproducibility was assessed. Moderate-strong correlation was observed between the three modalities; the greatest between CMR and TOE (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89), followed by TOE and TTE (ICC = 0.70) and CMR and TTE (ICC = 0.63). Intra- and inter-observer variations were excellent with CMR (ICC = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively), very good with TTE (0.90 and 0.89) and TOE (0.87 and 0.84). Each modality is a viable option for evaluating ventricular function in rats, however the high image quality and excellent reproducibility of CMR offers distinct advantages even at 1.5 T with conventional coils and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hoerr V, Nagelmann N, Nauerth A, Kuhlmann MT, Stypmann J, Faber C. Cardiac-respiratory self-gated cine ultra-short echo time (UTE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance for assessment of functional cardiac parameters at high magnetic fields. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:59. [PMID: 23826850 PMCID: PMC3707860 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome flow and electrocardiogram-trigger artifacts in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), we have implemented a cardiac and respiratory self-gated cine ultra-short echo time (UTE) sequence. We have assessed its performance in healthy mice by comparing the results with those obtained with a self-gated cine fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence and with echocardiography. METHODS 2D self-gated cine UTE (TE/TR = 314 μs/6.2 ms, resolution: 129 × 129 μm, scan time per slice: 5 min 5 sec) and self-gated cine FLASH (TE/TR = 3 ms/6.2 ms, resolution: 129 × 129 μm, scan time per slice: 4 min 49 sec) images were acquired at 9.4 T. Volume of the left and right ventricular (LV, RV) myocardium as well as the end-diastolic and -systolic volume was segmented manually in MR images and myocardial mass, stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were determined. Statistical differences were analyzed by using Student t test and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Self-gated cine UTE provided high quality images with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) also for the RV myocardium (CNRblood-myocardium = 25.5 ± 7.8). Compared to cine FLASH, susceptibility, motion, and flow artifacts were considerably reduced due to the short TE of 314 μs. The aortic valve was clearly discernible over the entire cardiac cycle. Myocardial mass, SV, EF and CO determined by self-gated UTE were identical to the values measured with self-gated FLASH and showed good agreement to the results obtained by echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS Self-gated UTE allows for robust measurement of cardiac parameters of diagnostic interest. Image quality is superior to self-gated FLASH, rendering the method a powerful alternative for the assessment of cardiac function at high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hoerr
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Stypmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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50
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Ball DR, Rowlands B, Dodd MS, Le Page L, Ball V, Carr CA, Clarke K, Tyler DJ. Hyperpolarized butyrate: a metabolic probe of short chain fatty acid metabolism in the heart. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1663-9. [PMID: 23798473 PMCID: PMC4238803 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid, was studied as a novel hyperpolarized substrate for use in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments, to define the pathways of short chain fatty acid and ketone body metabolism in real time. Methods Butyrate was polarized via the dynamic nuclear polarization process and subsequently dissolved to generate an injectable metabolic substrate. Metabolism was initially assessed in the isolated perfused rat heart, followed by evaluation in the in vivo rat heart. Results Hyperpolarized butyrate was generated with a polarization level of 7% and was shown to have a T1 relaxation time of 20 s. These physical characteristics were sufficient to enable assessment of multiple steps in its metabolism, with the ketone body acetoacetate and several tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates observed both in vitro and in vivo. Metabolite to butyrate ratios of 0.1–0.4% and 0.5–2% were observed in vitro and in vivo respectively, similar to levels previously observed with hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate. Conclusions In this study, butyrate has been demonstrated to be a suitable hyperpolarized substrate capable of revealing multi-step metabolism in dynamic nuclear polarization experiments and providing information on the metabolism of fatty acids not currently achievable with other hyperpolarized substrates. Magn Reson Med 71:1663–1669, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ball
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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