1
|
Madsen MA, Považan M, Wiggermann V, Lundell H, Blinkenberg M, Romme Christensen J, Sellebjerg F, Siebner HR. Association of Cortical Lesions With Regional Glutamate, GABA, N-Acetylaspartate, and Myoinositol Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 2024; 103:e209543. [PMID: 38870443 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cortical lesions contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their impact on regional neurotransmitter levels remains to be clarified. We tested the hypothesis that cortical lesions are associated with regional glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations within the affected cortical region. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used structural 7T MRI to segment cortical lesions and 7T proton MR-spectroscopy of the bilateral sensorimotor hand areas to quantify regional GABA, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, and myoinositol concentrations in patients with MS (inclusion criteria: diagnosis of relapsing-remitting [RR] or secondary progressive MS [SPMS]; age 18-80 years) and age and sex-matched healthy controls. Data were collected at a single center between August 2018 and September 2020. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for associations between metabolite concentrations and cortical lesion volumes within the same MR-spectroscopy voxel. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with MS (34 RRMS, 13 SPMS; 45.1 ± 12.5 years; 31 women) and 23 healthy controls (44.4 ± 13 years, 15 women) were studied. In patients, higher regional glutamate and lower regional GABA concentrations were associated with larger cortical lesion volume within the MR-spectroscopy voxel [glutamate: 0.61 (95% CI 0.19-1.03) log(mm3), p = 0.005, GABA: -0.71 (-1.24 to -0.18) log(mm3), p = 0.01]. In addition, lower N-acetylaspartate levels [-0.37 (-0.67 to -0.07) log(mm3), p = 0.016] and higher myoinositol levels [0.48 (0.03-0.93) log(mm3), p = 0.037] were associated with a larger regional cortical lesion volume. Furthermore, glutamate concentrations were reduced in patients with SPMS compared with healthy participants [-0.75 (-1.3 to -0.19) mM, p = 0.005] and patients with RRMS [-0.55 (-1.07 to -0.02) mM, p = 0.04]. N-acetylaspartate levels were lower in both patients with RRMS [-0.81 (-1.39 to -0.24) mM, p = 0.003] and SPMS [-1.31 (-2.07 to -0.54) mM, p < 0.001] when compared with healthy controls. Creatine-normalized N-acetylaspartate levels were associated with performance in the 9-hole peg test of the contralateral hand [-0.004 (-0.007 to -0.002) log(s), p = 0.002], and reduced mean creatine-normalized glutamate was associated with increased Expanded Disability Status Scale (R = -0.39, p = 0.02). DISCUSSION Cortical lesions are associated with local increases in glutamate and a reduction in GABA concentration within the lesional or perilesional tissue. Further studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between cortical lesions and changes in neurotransmitter concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mads A Madsen
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michal Považan
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Wiggermann
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lundell
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Blinkenberg
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- From the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (M.A.M., M.P., V.W., H.L., H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre; Department of Health Technology (H.L.), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.B., J.R.C., F.S.), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup; Department of Neurology (H.R.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; and Department of Clinical Medicine (F.S., H.R.S.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nichols SJ, Yanes JA, Reid MA, Robinson JL. 7 T characterization of excitatory and inhibitory systems of acute pain in healthy female participants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5088. [PMID: 38140895 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the physiological underpinnings of normative pain processing is incomplete. Enhanced knowledge of these systems is necessary to advance our understanding of pain processes as well as to develop effective therapeutic interventions. Previous neuroimaging research suggests a network of interrelated brain regions that seem to be implicated in the processing and experience of pain. Among these, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role in the affective aspects of pain signals. The current study leveraged functional MRS to investigate the underlying dynamic shifts in the neurometabolic signature of the human dACC at rest and during acute pain. Results provide support for increased glutamate levels following acute pain administration. Specifically, a 4.6% increase in glutamate was observed during moderate pressure pain compared with baseline. Exploratory analysis also revealed meaningful changes in dACC gamma aminobutyric acid in response to pain stimulation. These data contribute toward the characterization of neurometabolic shifts, which lend insight into the role of the dACC in the pain network. Further research in this area with larger sample sizes could contribute to the development of novel therapeutics or other advances in pain-related outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nichols
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Julio A Yanes
- Exponent Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meredith A Reid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Instrella R, Juchem C. Uncertainty propagation in absolute metabolite quantification for in vivo MRS of the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1284-1300. [PMID: 38029371 PMCID: PMC11062627 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Absolute spectral quantification is the standard method for deriving estimates of the concentration from metabolite signals measured using in vivo proton MRS (1 H-MRS). This method is often reported with minimum variance estimators, specifically the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the metabolite signal amplitude's scaling factor from linear combination modeling. This value serves as a proxy for SD and is commonly reported in MRS experiments. Characterizing the uncertainty of absolute quantification, however, depends on more than simply the CRLB. The uncertainties of metabolite-specific (T1m , T2m ), reference-specific (T1ref , T2ref ), and sequence-specific (TR , TE ) parameters are generally ignored, potentially leading to an overestimation of precision. In this study, the propagation of uncertainty is used to derive a comprehensive estimate of the overall precision of concentrations from an internal reference. METHODS The propagated uncertainty is calculated using analytical derivations and Monte Carlo simulations and subsequently analyzed across a set of commonly measured metabolites and macromolecules. The effect of measurement error from experimentally obtained quantification parameters is estimated using published uncertainties and CRLBs from in vivo 1 H-MRS literature. RESULTS The additive effect of propagated measurement uncertainty from applied quantification correction factors can result in up to a fourfold increase in the concentration estimate's coefficient of variation compared to the CRLB alone. A case study analysis reveals similar multifold increases across both metabolites and macromolecules. CONCLUSION The precision of absolute metabolite concentrations derived from 1 H-MRS experiments is systematically overestimated if the uncertainties of commonly applied corrections are neglected as sources of error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Instrella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical
Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saleh MG, Prescot A, Chang L, Cloak C, Cunningham E, Subramaniam P, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Zöllner HJ, Roberts TPL, Edden RAE, Ernst T. Glutamate measurements using edited MRS. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1314-1322. [PMID: 38044723 PMCID: PMC10865745 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate J-difference coediting of glutamate using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of Mescher-Garwood-edited spectroscopy (HERMES). METHODS Density-matrix simulations of HERMES (TE 80 ms) and 1D J-resolved (TE 31-229 ms) of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH) were performed. HERMES comprised four sub-experiments with editing pulses applied as follows: (A) 1.9/4.56 ppm simultaneously (ONGABA /ONGSH ); (B) 1.9 ppm only (ONGABA /OFFGSH ); (C) 4.56 ppm only (OFFGABA /ONGSH ); and (D) 7.5 ppm (OFFGABA /OFFGSH ). Phantom HERMES and 1D J-resolved experiments of Glu were performed. Finally, in vivo HERMES (20-ms editing pulses) and 1D J-resolved (TE 31-229 ms) experiments were performed on 137 participants using 3 T MRI scanners. LCModel was used for quantification. RESULTS HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show a Glu-edited signal at 2.34 ppm in the Hadamard sum combination A+B+C+D with no overlapping Gln signal. The J-resolved simulations and phantom experiments show substantial TE modulation of the Glu and Gln signals across the TEs, whose average yields a well-resolved Glu signal closely matching the Glu-edited signal from the HERMES sum spectrum. In vivo quantification of Glu show that the two methods are highly correlated (p < 0.001) with a bias of ∼10%, along with similar between-subject coefficients of variation (HERMES/TE-averaged: ∼7.3%/∼6.9%). Other Hadamard combinations produce the expected GABA-edited (A+B-C-D) or GSH-edited (A-B+C-D) signal. CONCLUSION HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show the separation of Glu from Gln. In vivo HERMES experiments yield Glu (without Gln), GABA, and GSH in a single MRS scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Cloak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanagasabai K, Palaniyappan L, Théberge J. Precision of metabolite-selective MRS measurements of glutamate, GABA and glutathione: A review of human brain studies. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5071. [PMID: 38050448 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV 1 H-MRS) is an in vivo noninvasive imaging technique used to detect neurotransmitters and metabolites. It enables repeated measurements in living participants to build explanatory neurochemical models of psychiatric symptoms and testing of therapeutic approaches. Given the tight link among glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutathione and glutamine within the cellular machinery, MRS investigations of neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders must quantify a network of metabolites simultaneously to capture the pathophysiological states of interest. Metabolite-selective sequences typically provide improved metabolite isolation and spectral modelling simplification for a single metabolite at a time. Non-metabolite-selective sequences provide information on all detectable human brain metabolites, but feature many signal overlaps and require complicated spectral modelling. Although there are short-echo time (TE) MRS sequences that do not use spectral editing and are optimised to target either glutamate, GABA or glutathione, these approaches usually imply a precision tradeoff for the remaining two metabolites. Given the interest in assessing psychiatric and neurocognitive diseases that involve excitation-inhibition imbalances along with oxidative stress, there is a need to survey the literature on the quantification precision of current metabolite-selective MRS techniques. In this review, we locate and describe 17 studies that report on the quality of simultaneously acquired MRS metabolite data in the human brain. We note several factors that influence the data quality for single-shot acquisition of multiple metabolites of interest using metabolite-selective MRS: (1) internal in vivo references; (2) brain regions of interests; (3) field strength of scanner; and/or (4) optimised acquisition parameters. We also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various SV spectroscopy techniques that were able to quantify in vivo glutamate, GABA and glutathione simultaneously. The insights from this review will assist in the development of new MRS pulse sequences for simultaneous, selective measurements of these metabolites and simplified spectral modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavi Kanagasabai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao Y, Lanz B, Lim SI, Tkáč I, Xin L. Improved reproducibility of γ-aminobutyric acid measurement from short-echo-time proton MR spectroscopy by linewidth-matched basis sets in LCModel. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5056. [PMID: 37839823 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, is extremely important for maintaining healthy brain function, and deviations from GABA homeostasis are related to various brain diseases. Short-echo-time (short-TE) proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) has been employed to measure GABA concentration from various human brain regions at high magnetic fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spectral linewidth on GABA quantification and explore the application of an optimized basis-set preparation approach using a spectral-linewidth-matched (LM) basis set in LCModel to improve the reproducibility of GABA quantification from short-TE 1 H-MRS. In contrast to the fixed-linewidth basis-set approach, the LM basis-set preparation approach, where all metabolite basis spectra were simulated with a linewidth 4 Hz narrower than that of water, showed a smaller standard deviation of estimated GABA concentration from synthetic spectra with varying linewidths and lineshapes. The test-retest reproducibility was assessed by the mean within-subject coefficient of variation, which improved from 19.2% to 12.0% in the thalamus, from 27.9% to 14.9% in the motor cortex, and from 9.7% to 2.8% in the medial prefrontal cortex using LM basis sets at 7 T. We conclude that spectral linewidth has a large effect on GABA quantification from short-TE 1 H-MRS data and that using LM basis sets in LCModel can improve the reproducibility of GABA quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song-I Lim
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lijing Xin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Hashash SA, El-Sakhawy MA, Eldamaty HS, Alqasem AA. Experimental evidence of the neurotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate in adult female Sprague Dawley rats: The potential protective role of Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizomes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103824. [PMID: 37869363 PMCID: PMC10587751 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies to prevent the health abnormalities associated with the extensive use of MSG (monosodium glutamate) as a flavoring booster are badly needed. The current study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal lipid profile as the main risk factors of neurotoxicity in MSG-exposed female albino rats. Besides, the effect of concurrent consumption of Zingiber officinale rhizomes powder was studied at low doses. Twenty rats (total) were split into 4 separate groups. The 1st group was a negative control group (without any treatment), while the others received 6 mg MSG/kg. The 2nd group was left untreated, whereas the 3rd and 4th groups were given a regular laboratory diet that included ginger rhizome powder supplements (GRP, 0.5 & 1%, respectively) for six weeks. In brain tissue homogenates, exposure to MSG caused a significant depletion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and total protein levels, while triglycerides and cholesterol contents were significantly elevated. Moreover, a noteworthy upsurge in oxidative load and inflammation markers was also noticed associated with a marked reduction of antioxidant levels, which histopathological staining verified further. The rat diet formulated with GRP, with a dose-dependent effect, resulted in increased GABA and total protein contents and attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid profile, and marked histological changes in cerebral cortical neurons of MSG-administered animals. Therefore, this study reveals that GRP shields rats against the neurotoxicity that MSG causes. The anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant, and lipid-normalizing properties of rhizomes of ginger may be accountable for their observed neuroprotective action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah A. El-Hashash
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Nawag, Tanta City, P.O. Box 31732, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S.E. Eldamaty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Nawag, Tanta City, P.O. Box 31732, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Alqasem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lancaster MS, Kim B, Doud EH, Tate MD, Sharify AD, Gao H, Chen D, Simpson E, Gillespie P, Chu X, Miller MJ, Wang Y, Liu Y, Mosley AL, Kim J, Graham BH. Loss of succinyl-CoA synthetase in mouse forebrain results in hypersuccinylation with perturbed neuronal transcription and metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113241. [PMID: 37819759 PMCID: PMC10683835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation is a subtype of protein acylation associated with metabolic regulation of succinyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Deficiency of succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS), the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate, results in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in humans. This report presents a conditional forebrain-specific knockout (KO) mouse model of Sucla2, the gene encoding the ATP-specific beta isoform of SCS, resulting in postnatal deficiency of the entire SCS complex. Results demonstrate that accumulation of succinyl-CoA in the absence of SCS leads to hypersuccinylation within the murine cerebral cortex. Specifically, increased succinylation is associated with functionally significant reduced activity of respiratory chain complex I and widescale alterations in chromatin landscape and gene expression. Integrative analysis of the transcriptomic data also reveals perturbations in regulatory networks of neuronal transcription in the KO forebrain. Together, these findings provide evidence that protein succinylation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SCS deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makayla S Lancaster
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mason D Tate
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ahmad D Sharify
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Duojiao Chen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ed Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Patrick Gillespie
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaona Chu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marcus J Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detcheverry F, Senthil S, Narayanan S, Badhwar A. Changes in levels of the antioxidant glutathione in brain and blood across the age span of healthy adults: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103503. [PMID: 37742519 PMCID: PMC10520675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a gradual decline of the body's biological functions, which can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants neutralize ROS and maintain balance between oxidation and reduction. If ROS production exceeds the ability of antioxidant systems to neutralize, a damaging state of oxidative stress (OS) may exist. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant, and decline of GSH is considered a marker of OS. Our review summarizes the literature on GSH variations with age in healthy adults in brain (in vivo, ex vivo) and blood (plasma, serum), and reliability of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurement of GSH. A systematic PubMed search identified 35 studies. All in vivo MRS studies (N = 13) reported good to excellent reproducibility of GSH measures. In brain, 3 out of 4 MRS studies reported decreased GSH with age, measured in precuneus, cingulate, and occipital regions, while 1 study reported increased GSH with age in frontal and sensorimotor regions. In post-mortem brain, out of 3 studies, 2 reported decreased GSH with age in hippocampal and frontal regions, while 1 study reported increased GSH with age in a frontal region. Oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was reported to be increased in caudate with age in 1 study, suggesting OS. Although findings in the brain lacked a clear consensus, the majority of studies suggested a decline of GSH with age. The low number of studies (particularly ex vivo) and potential regional differences may have contributed to variability in the findings in brain. In blood, in contrast, GSH levels predominately were reported to decrease with advancing age (except in the oldest-old, who may represent a select group of particularly successful agers), while GSSG findings lacked consensus. The larger number of studies assessing age-specific GSH level changes in blood (N = 16) allowed for more robust consensus across studies than in brain. Overall, the literature suggests that aging is associated with increased OS in brain and body, but the timing and regional distribution of changes in the brain require further study. The contribution of brain OS to brain aging, and the effect of interventions to raise brain GSH levels on decline of brain function, remain understudied. Given that reliable tools to measure brain GSH exist, we hope this paper will serve as a catalyst to stimulate more work in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Detcheverry
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) lab, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sneha Senthil
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) lab, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Juchem C, Swanberg KM, Prinsen H, Pelletier D. In vivo cortical glutathione response to oral fumarate therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A single-arm open-label phase IV trial using 7-Tesla 1H MRS. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103495. [PMID: 37651844 PMCID: PMC10480324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an open-label, single-arm, single-center pilot study using 7-Tesla in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to measure brain cortical glutathione concentration at baseline before and during the use of oral fumarates as a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis. The primary endpoint of this research was the change in prefrontal cortex glutathione concentration relative to a therapy-naïve baseline after one year of oral fumarate therapy. METHODS Brain glutathione concentrations were examined by 1H MRS in single prefrontal and occipital cortex cubic voxels (2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm3) before and during initiation of oral fumarate therapy (120 mg b.i.d. for 7 days and 240 mg b.i.d. thereafter). Additional measurements of related metabolites glutamate, glutamine, myoinositol, total N-acetyl aspartate, and total choline were also acquired in voxels centered on the same regions. Seven relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients (4 f / 3 m, age range 28-50 years, mean age 40 years) naïve to fumarate therapy were scanned at pre-therapy baseline and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of therapy. A group of 8 healthy volunteers (4 f / 4 m, age range 33-48 years, mean age 41 years) was also scanned at baseline and Month 6 to characterize 1H-MRS measurement reproducibility over a comparable time frame. RESULTS In the multiple sclerosis cohort, general linear models demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship between prefrontal glutathione and time either linearly across all time points (+0.05 ± 0.02 mM/month, t(27) = 2.6, p = 0.02) or specifically for factor variable Month 12 (+0.6 ± 0.3 mM/12 months, t(24) = 2.2, p = 0.04) relative to baseline. No such effects of time on glutathione concentration were demonstrated in the occipital cortex or in the healthy volunteer group. Changes in occipital total choline were further observed in the multiple sclerosis cohort as well as prefrontal total choline and occipital glutamine and myoinositol in the control cohort throughout the study duration. CONCLUSIONS While the open-label single-arm pilot study design and abbreviated control series cannot support firm conclusions about the influence of oral fumarate therapy independent of test-retest factors or normal biological variation in a state of either health or disease, these results do justify further investigation at a larger scale into the potential relationship between prefrontal cortex glutathione increases and oral fumarate therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Juchem
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation, School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation, School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hetty Prinsen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Okada T, Kuribayashi H, Urushibata Y, Fujimoto K, Akasaka T, Seethamraju RT, Ahn S, Isa T. GABA, glutamate and excitatory-inhibitory ratios measured using short-TE STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla: Effects of macromolecule basis sets and baseline parameters. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18357. [PMID: 37539101 PMCID: PMC10393741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Macromolecules (MMs) affect the precision and accuracy of neurochemical quantification in magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A measured MM basis is increasingly used in LCModel analysis combined with a spline baseline, whose stiffness is controlled by a parameter named DKNTMN. The effects of measured MM basis and DKNTMN were investigated. Materials and methods Twenty-six healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled and scanned twice using a short echo-time Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) at 7-T. Using LCModel, analyses were conducted using the simulated MM basis (MMsim) with DKNTMN 0.15 and an MM basis measured inhouse (MMmeas) with DKNTMN of 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 1.00. Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and excitatory-inhibitory ratio (EIR), in addition to MMs were statistically analyzed. Measurement stability was evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV). Results CRLBs of GABA were significantly lower when using MMsim than MMmeas; those of glutamate were 2-3. GABA concentrations were significantly higher in the analysis using MMsim than MMmeas where concentrations were significantly higher with DKNTMN of 0.15 or 0.30 than 0.60 or 1.00. Difference in glutamate concentration was not significant. EIRs showed the same difference as in GABA depending on the DKNTMN values. CVs between test-retest scans were relatively stable for glutamate but became larger as DKNTMN increased for GABA and EIR. Conclusion Neurochemical quantification depends on the parameters of the basis sets used for fitting. Analysis using MMmeas with DKNTMN of 0.30 conformed best to previous studies and is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Koji Fujimoto
- Human Brain Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Real World Data Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | - Sinyeob Ahn
- Siemens Medical Solutions, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hollen C, Neilson LE, Barajas RF, Greenhouse I, Spain RI. Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis-Emerging imaging techniques. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1025659. [PMID: 36712455 PMCID: PMC9878592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1025659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to the evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis, its role in detecting the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration is more limited. One of the common outcome measures for progressive multiple sclerosis trials, atrophy on brain MRI, is non-specific and reflects end-stage changes after considerable neurodegeneration has occurred. Identifying biomarkers that identify processes underlying neurodegeneration before it is irreversible and that reflect relevant neurodegenerative pathophysiology is an area of significant need. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Imaging markers related to inflammation, myelination, and neuronal integrity have been areas of advancement in recent years but oxidative stress has remained an area of unrealized potential. In this article we will begin by reviewing the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Chronic inflammation appears to be directly related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the effects of subsequent oxidative stress appear to be amplified by aging and accumulating disease. We will then discuss techniques in development used in the assessment of MS as well as other models of neurodegenerative disease in which oxidative stress is implicated. Multiple blood and CSF markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated in subjects with MS, but non-invasive imaging offers major upside in that it provides real-time assessment within the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hollen
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lee E. Neilson
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramon F. Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Najac C, Boer VO, Kan HE, Webb AG, Ronen I. Improved detection limits of J-coupled neurometabolites in the human brain at 7 T with a J-refocused sLASER sequence. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4801. [PMID: 35833462 PMCID: PMC9788253 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a standard spin echo, the time evolution due to homonuclear couplings is not reversed, leading to echo time (TE)-dependent modulation of the signal amplitude and signal loss in the case of overlapping multiplet resonances. This has an adverse effect on quantification of several important metabolites such as glutamate and glutamine. Here, we propose a J-refocused variant of the sLASER sequence (J-sLASER) to improve quantification of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh field (UHF). The use of the sLASER sequence is particularly advantageous at UHF as it minimizes chemical shift displacement error and results in relatively homogenous refocusing. We simulated the MRS signal from brain metabolites over a broad range of TE values with sLASER and J-sLASER, and showed that the signal of J-coupled metabolites was increased with J-sLASER with TE values up to ~80 ms. We further simulated "brain-like" spectra with both sequences at the shortest TE available on our scanner. We showed that, despite the slightly longer TE, the J-sLASER sequence results in significantly lower Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for J-coupled metabolites compared with those obtained with sLASER. Following phantom validation, we acquired spectra from two brain regions in 10 healthy volunteers (age 38 ± 15 years) using both sequences. We showed that using J-sLASER results in a decrease of CRLBs for J-coupled metabolites. In particular, we measured a robust ~38% decrease in the mean CRLB (glutamine) in parietal white matter and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We further showed, in 10 additional healthy volunteers (age 34 ± 15 years), that metabolite quantification following two separate acquisitions with J-sLASER in the PCC was repeatable. The improvement in quantification of glutamine may in turn improve the independent quantification of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and will simultaneously help to track possible modulations of glutamine, which is a key player in the glutamatergic cycle in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Najac
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent O. Boer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCopenhagen University Hospital HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Hermien E. Kan
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew G. Webb
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Itamar Ronen
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ziegs T, Wright AM, Henning A. Test-retest reproducibility of human brain multi-slice 1 H FID-MRSI data at 9.4T after optimization of lipid regularization, macromolecular model, and spline baseline stiffness. Magn Reson Med 2022; 89:11-28. [PMID: 36128885 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzes the effects of retrospective lipid suppression, a simulated macromolecular prior knowledge and different spline baseline stiffness values on 9.4T multi-slice proton FID-MRSI data spanning the whole cerebrum of human brain and the reproducibility of respective metabolite ratio to total creatine (/tCr) maps for 10 brain metabolites. METHODS Measurements were performed twice on 5 volunteers using a short TR and TE FID MRSI 2D sequence at 9.4T. The effects of retrospective lipid L2-regularization, macromolecular spectrum and different LCModel baseline flexibilities on SNR, FWHM, fitting residual, Cramér-Rao lower bound, and metabolite ratio maps were investigated. Intra-subject, inter-session coefficient of variation and the test-retest reproducibility of the mean metabolite ratios (/tCr) of each slice was calculated. RESULTS Transversal, sagittal, and coronal slices of many metabolite ratio maps correspond to the anatomically expected concentration relations in gray and white matter for the majority of the cerebrum when using a flexible baseline in LCModel fit. Results from the second measurements of the same subjects show that slice positioning and data quality correlate significantly to the first measurement. L2-regularization provided effective suppression of lipid-artifacts, but should be avoided if no artifacts are detected. CONCLUSION Reproducible concentration ratio maps (/tCr) for 4 metabolites (total choline, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and myoinositol) spanning the majority of the cerebrum and 6 metabolites (N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione, taurine, glutamine, and aspartate) covering 32 mm in the upper part of the brain were acquired at 9.4T using multi-slice FID MRSI with retrospective lipid suppression, a macromolecular spectrum and a flexible LCModel baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Martin Wright
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Swanberg KM, Kurada AV, Prinsen H, Juchem C. Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and phenotype identification by multivariate classification of in vivo frontal cortex metabolite profiles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13888. [PMID: 35974117 PMCID: PMC9381573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease for which diagnosis continues to rely on subjective clinical judgment over a battery of tests. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the noninvasive in vivo detection of multiple small-molecule metabolites and is therefore in principle a promising means of gathering information sufficient for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and subtype classification. Here we show that supervised classification using 1H-MRS-visible normal-appearing frontal cortex small-molecule metabolites alone can indeed differentiate individuals with progressive MS from control (held-out validation sensitivity 79% and specificity 68%), as well as between relapsing and progressive MS phenotypes (held-out validation sensitivity 84% and specificity 74%). Post hoc assessment demonstrated the disproportionate contributions of glutamate and glutamine to identifying MS status and phenotype, respectively. Our finding establishes 1H MRS as a viable means of characterizing progressive multiple sclerosis disease status and paves the way for continued refinement of this method as an auxiliary or mainstay of multiple sclerosis diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M. Swanberg
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Abhinav V. Kurada
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Hetty Prinsen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim S, Xin L. γ-aminobutyric acid measurement in the human brain at 7 T: Short echo-time or Mescher-Garwood editing. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4706. [PMID: 35102618 PMCID: PMC9285498 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of the current study were to introduce a Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) semi-adiabatic spin-echo full-intensity localization (MEGA-sSPECIAL) sequence with macromolecule (MM) subtraction and to compare the test-retest reproducibility of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) measurements at 7 T using the sSPECIAL and MEGA-sSPECIAL sequences. The MEGA-sSPECIAL editing scheme using asymmetric adiabatic and highly selective Gaussian pulses was used to compare its GABA measurement reproducibility with that of short echo-time (TE) sSPECIAL. Proton magnetic resonance spectra were acquired in the motor cortex (M1) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using the sSPECIAL (TR/TE = 4000/16 ms) and MEGA-sSPECIAL sequences (TR/TE = 4000/80 ms). The metabolites were quantified using LCModel with unsuppressed water spectra. The concentrations are reported in institutional units. The test-retest reproducibility was evaluated by scanning each subject twice. Between-session reproducibility was assessed using coefficients of variation (CVs), Pearson's r correlation coefficients, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Intersequence agreement was evaluated using Pearson's r correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Regarding GABA measurements by sSPECIAL, the GABA concentrations were 0.92 ± 0.31 (IU) in the M1 and 1.56 ± 0.49 (IU) in the mPFC. This demonstrated strong between-session correlation across both regions (r = 0.81, p < 0.01; ICC = 0.82). The CVs between the two scans were 21.8% in the M1 and 10.2% in the mPFC. On the other hand, the GABA measurements by MEGA-sSPECIAL were 0.52 ± 0.04 (IU) in the M1 and 1.04 ± 0.24 (IU) in the mPFC. MEGA-sSPECIAL demonstrated strong between-session correlation across the two regions (r = 0.98, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.98) and lower CVs than sSPECIAL, providing 4.1% in the M1 and 5.8% in the mPFC. The MEGA-editing method showed better reproducibility of GABA measurements in both brain regions compared with the short-TE sSPECIAL method. Thus it is a more sensitive method with which to detect small changes in areas with low GABA concentrations. In GABA-rich brain regions, GABA measurements can be achieved reproducibly using both methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song‐I Lim
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic ImagingÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Animal Imaging and TechnologyEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- CIBM Center for Biomedical ImagingSwitzerland
- Animal Imaging and TechnologyEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okada T, Fujimoto K, Fushimi Y, Akasaka T, Thuy DHD, Shima A, Sawamoto N, Oishi N, Zhang Z, Funaki T, Nakamoto Y, Murai T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Isa T. Neuroimaging at 7 Tesla: a pictorial narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3406-3435. [PMID: 35655840 PMCID: PMC9131333 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimaging using the 7-Tesla (7T) human magnetic resonance (MR) system is rapidly gaining popularity after being approved for clinical use in the European Union and the USA. This trend is the same for functional MR imaging (MRI). The primary advantages of 7T over lower magnetic fields are its higher signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, which provide high-resolution acquisitions and better contrast, making it easier to detect lesions and structural changes in brain disorders. Another advantage is the capability to measure a greater number of neurochemicals by virtue of the increased spectral resolution. Many structural and functional studies using 7T have been conducted to visualize details in the white matter and layers of the cortex and hippocampus, the subnucleus or regions of the putamen, the globus pallidus, thalamus and substantia nigra, and in small structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus, habenula, perforating arteries, and the perivascular space, that are difficult to observe at lower magnetic field strengths. The target disorders for 7T neuroimaging range from tumoral diseases to vascular, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. MR spectroscopy has also been used for research because of its increased chemical shift that separates overlapping peaks and resolves neurochemicals more effectively at 7T than a lower magnetic field. This paper presents a narrative review of these topics and an illustrative presentation of images obtained at 7T. We expect 7T neuroimaging to provide a new imaging biomarker of various brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- Department of Real World Data Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thai Akasaka
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dinh H. D. Thuy
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shima
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Sawamoto
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medial Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gonçalves SI, Simões RV, Shemesh N. Short TE downfield magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a mouse model of brain glioma. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:524-536. [PMID: 35315536 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhanced cell proliferation in tumors can be associated with altered metabolic profiles and dramatic microenvironmental changes. Downfield magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has received increasing attention due to its ability to report on labile resonances of molecules not easily detected in upfield 1 H MRS. Image-selected-in-vivo-spectroscopy-relaxation enhanced MRS (iRE-MRS) was recently introduced for acquiring short echo-time (TE) spectra. Here, iRE-MRS was used to investigate in-vivo downfield spectra in glioma-bearing mice. METHODS Experiments were performed in vivo in an immunocompetent glioma mouse model at 9.4 T using a cryogenic coil. iRE-MRS spectra were acquired in N = 6 glioma-bearing mice (voxel size = 2.23 mm3 ) and N = 6 control mice. Spectra were modeled by a sum of Lorentzian peaks simulating known downfield resonances, and differences between controls and tumors were quantified using relative peak areas. RESULTS Short TE tumor spectra exhibited large qualitative differences compared to control spectra. Most peaks appeared modulated, with strong attenuation of NAA (∼7.82, 7.86 ppm) and changes in relative peak areas between 6.75 and 8.49 ppm. Peak areas tended to be smaller for DF6.83 , DF7.60 , DF8.18 and NAA; and larger for DF7.95 and DF8.24 . Differences were also detected in signals resonating above 8.5 ppm, assumed to arise from NAD+. CONCLUSIONS In-vivo downfield 1 H iRE-MRS of mouse glioma revealed differences between controls and tumor bearing mice, including in metabolites which are not easily detectable in the more commonly investigated upfield spectrum. These findings motivate future downfield MRS investigations exploring pH and exchange contributions to these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui V Simões
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reid MA, Forloines MR, Salibi N. Reproducibility of 7-T brain spectroscopy using an ultrashort echo time STimulated Echo Acquisition Mode sequence and automated voxel repositioning. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4631. [PMID: 34622996 PMCID: PMC8862634 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the reproducibility of brain MRS is important for clinical studies so that researchers can evaluate changes in metabolites due to treatment or the course of a disease and better understand the brain in healthy and disordered states. Prior 7-T MRS reproducibility studies using the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence have focused on the anterior cingulate cortex or posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of metabolite measurements in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using an ultrashort echo time (TE) STEAM sequence and automated voxel repositioning. Spectra were acquired during two scan sessions from nine subjects using the AutoAlign method for voxel repositioning. Reproducibility was evaluated with coefficients of variation (CVs) and percentage differences. The mean intrasubject CVs were less than 6% for the major metabolites glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and myo-inositol. The mean CVs were less than 20% for the smaller signals of GABA, glutamine, glutathione, and taurine. These results indicate that 7-T MRS using a STEAM sequence with ultrashort TE and automated voxel repositioning provides excellent reproducibility of metabolites in the DLPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Reid
- MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Martha R. Forloines
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Role of Molecular Imaging as a Marker of Remyelination and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010474. [PMID: 35008899 PMCID: PMC8745199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) has revolutionized our ability to fight inflammatory relapses and has immensely improved patients’ quality of life. Although remarkable, this achievement has not carried over into reducing long-term disability. In MS, clinical disability progression can continue relentlessly irrespective of acute inflammation. This “silent” disease progression is the main contributor to long-term clinical disability in MS and results from chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and repair failure. Investigating silent disease progression and its underlying mechanisms is a challenge. Standard MRI excels in depicting acute inflammation but lacks the pathophysiological lens required for a more targeted exploration of molecular-based processes. Novel modalities that utilize nuclear magnetic resonance’s ability to display in vivo information on imaging look to bridge this gap. Displaying the CNS through a molecular prism is becoming an undeniable reality. This review will focus on “molecular imaging biomarkers” of disease progression, modalities that can harmoniously depict anatomy and pathophysiology, making them attractive candidates to become the first valid biomarkers of neuroprotection and remyelination.
Collapse
|
21
|
Finkelman T, Furman-Haran E, Paz R, Tal A. Quantifying the excitatory-inhibitory balance: A comparison of SemiLASER and MEGA-SemiLASER for simultaneously measuring GABA and glutamate at 7T. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118810. [PMID: 34906716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in a wide range of cognitive and behavioral processes has prompted a commensurate interest in methods for reliably quantifying it. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) remains the only method capable of safely and non-invasively measuring the concentrations of the brain's major excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric-acid, GABA) neurotransmitters in-vivo. MRS relies on spectral Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) editing techniques at 3T to distinguish GABA from its overlapping resonances. However, with the increased spectral resolution at ultrahigh field strengths of 7T and above, non-edited spectroscopic techniques become potential viable alternatives to MEGA based approaches, and also address some of their shortcomings, such as signal loss, sensitivity to transmitter inhomogeneities and temporal resolution. We present a comprehensive comparison of both edited and non-edited strategies at 7T for simultaneously quantifying glutamate and GABA from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and evaluate their reproducibility and relative bias. The combined root-mean-square test-retest reproducibility of Glu and GABA (CVE/I) was as low as 13.3% for unedited MRS at TE=80 ms using SemiLASER localization, while edited MRS at TE=80 ms yielded CVE/I=20% and 21% for asymmetric and symmetric MEGA editing, respectively. An unedited SemiLASER acquisition using a shorter echo time of TE=42 ms yielded CVE/I as low as 24.9%. Our results show that non-edited sequences at an echo time of 80 ms provide better reproducibility than either edited sequences at the same TE, or non-edited sequences at a shorter TE of 42 ms. This is supported by numerical simulations and is driven in part by a pseudo-singlet appearance of the GABA multiplets at TE=80 ms, and the excellent spectral resolution at 7T. Our results uphold a transition to non-edited MRS for monitoring the E/I balance at ultrahigh fields, and stress the importance of using a properly-optimized echo time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Finkelman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edna Furman-Haran
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rony Paz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Swanberg KM, Prinsen H, DeStefano K, Bailey M, Kurada AV, Pitt D, Fulbright RK, Juchem C. In vivo evidence of differential frontal cortex metabolic abnormalities in progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4590. [PMID: 34318959 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of progressive multiple sclerosis remains elusive, significantly limiting available disease-modifying therapies. Proton MRS (1 H-MRS) enables in vivo measurement of small molecules implicated in multiple sclerosis, but its application to key metabolites glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione has been sparse. We employed, at 7 T, a previously validated 1 H-MRS protocol to measure glutamate, GABA, and glutathione, as well as glutamine, N-acetyl aspartate, choline, and myoinositol, in the frontal cortex of individuals with relapsing-remitting (N = 26) or progressive (N = 21) multiple sclerosis or healthy control adults (N = 25) in a cross-sectional analysis. Only individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis demonstrated reduced glutamate (F2,65 = 3.424, p = 0.04; 12.40 ± 0.62 mM versus control 13.17 ± 0.95 mM, p = 0.03) but not glutamine (F2,65 = 0.352, p = 0.7; 4.71 ± 0.35 mM versus control 4.84 ± 0.42 mM), reduced GABA (F2,65 = 3.89, p = 0.03; 1.29 ± 0.23 mM versus control 1.47 ± 0.25 mM, p = 0.05), and possibly reduced glutathione (F2,65 = 0.352, p = 0.056; 2.23 ± 0.46 mM versus control 2.51 ± 0.48 mM, p < 0.1). As a group, multiple sclerosis patients demonstrated significant negative correlations between disease duration and glutamate or GABA (ρ = -0.4, p = 0.02) but not glutamine or glutathione. Alone, only relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients exhibited a significant negative correlation between disease duration and GABA (ρ = -0.5, p = 0.03). Taken together, these results indicate that frontal cortex metabolism is differentially disturbed in progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - Hetty Prinsen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katherine DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Bailey
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abhinav V Kurada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert K Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deelchand DK, Ho ML, Nestrasil I. Ultra-High-Field Imaging of the Pediatric Brain and Spinal Cord. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:643-653. [PMID: 34717851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging with ultra-high field magnets (≥7T) provides superior signal-to-noise, spatial resolution and tissue contrast; but also greater safety concerns, longer scanning times, and increased distortion and field inhomogeneity. Brain and spinal cord anatomic microstructure and function imaged in greater detail offers improved lesion detection, delineation, and characterization. The ongoing development of novel imaging contrasts and translation of cutting-edge sequences will aid more accurate, sensitive, and precise diagnosis, interventional planning, and follow-up for a variety of pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Deelchand
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Igor Nestrasil
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Platt T, Ladd ME, Paech D. 7 Tesla and Beyond: Advanced Methods and Clinical Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:705-725. [PMID: 34510098 PMCID: PMC8505159 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koolschijn RS, Shpektor A, Clarke WT, Ip IB, Dupret D, Emir UE, Barron HC. Memory recall involves a transient break in excitatory-inhibitory balance. eLife 2021; 10:e70071. [PMID: 34622779 PMCID: PMC8516417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a remarkable capacity to acquire and store memories that can later be selectively recalled. These processes are supported by the hippocampus which is thought to index memory recall by reinstating information stored across distributed neocortical circuits. However, the mechanism that supports this interaction remains unclear. Here, in humans, we show that recall of a visual cue from a paired associate is accompanied by a transient increase in the ratio between glutamate and GABA in visual cortex. Moreover, these excitatory-inhibitory fluctuations are predicted by activity in the hippocampus. These data suggest the hippocampus gates memory recall by indexing information stored across neocortical circuits using a disinhibitory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée S Koolschijn
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Shpektor
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - I Betina Ip
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bottino F, Lucignani M, Napolitano A, Dellepiane F, Visconti E, Rossi Espagnet MC, Pasquini L. In Vivo Brain GSH: MRS Methods and Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091407. [PMID: 34573039 PMCID: PMC8468877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant implicated in several physiological functions, including the oxidation−reduction reaction balance and brain antioxidant defense against endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. Altered brain GSH levels may reflect inflammatory processes associated with several neurologic disorders. An accurate and reliable estimation of cerebral GSH concentrations could give a clear and thorough understanding of its metabolism within the brain, thus providing a valuable benchmark for clinical applications. In this context, we aimed to provide an overview of the different magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies introduced for in vivo human brain GSH quantification both in healthy control (HC) volunteers and in subjects affected by different neurological disorders (e.g., brain tumors, and psychiatric and degenerative disorders). Additionally, we aimed to provide an exhaustive list of normal GSH concentrations within different brain areas. The definition of standard reference values for different brain areas could lead to a better interpretation of the altered GSH levels recorded in subjects with neurological disorders, with insights into the possible role of GSH as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bottino
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Lucignani
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-333-3214614
| | - Francesco Dellepiane
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Emiliano Visconti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Surgery and Trauma Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gajdošík M, Landheer K, Swanberg KM, Adlparvar F, Madelin G, Bogner W, Juchem C, Kirov II. Hippocampal single-voxel MR spectroscopy with a long echo time at 3 T using semi-LASER sequence. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4538. [PMID: 33956374 PMCID: PMC10874619 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most challenging brain regions for proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) applications. Moreover, quantification of J-coupled species such as myo-inositol (m-Ins) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) is affected by the presence of macromolecular background. While long echo time (TE) MRS eliminates the macromolecules, it also decreases the m-Ins and Glx signal and, as a result, these metabolites are studied mainly with short TE. Here, we investigate the feasibility of reproducibly measuring their concentrations at a long TE of 120 ms, using a semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence, as this sequence was recently recommended as a standard for clinical MRS. Gradient offset-independent adiabatic refocusing pulses were implemented, and an optimal long TE for the detection of m-Ins and Glx was determined using the T2 relaxation times of macromolecules. Metabolite concentrations and their coefficients of variation (CVs) were obtained for a 3.4-mL voxel centered on the left hippocampus on 3-T MR systems at two different sites with three healthy subjects (aged 32.5 ± 10.2 years [mean ± standard deviation]) per site, with each subject scanned over two sessions, and with each session comprising three scans. Concentrations of m-Ins, choline, creatine, Glx and N-acetyl-aspartate were 5.4 ± 1.5, 1.7 ± 0.2, 5.8 ± 0.3, 11.6 ± 1.2 and 5.9 ± 0.4 mM (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Their respective mean within-session CVs were 14.5% ± 5.9%, 6.5% ± 5.3%, 6.0% ± 3.4%, 10.6% ± 6.2% and 3.5% ± 1.4%, and their mean within-subject CVs were 17.8% ± 18.2%, 7.5% ± 6.3%, 7.4% ± 6.4%, 12.4% ± 5.3% and 4.8% ± 3.0%. The between-subject CVs were 25.0%, 12.3%, 5.3%, 10.7% and 6.4%, respectively. Hippocampal long-TE sLASER single voxel spectroscopy can provide macromolecule-independent assessment of all major metabolites including Glx and m-Ins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gajdošík
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kelley M. Swanberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fatemeh Adlparvar
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ivan I. Kirov
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Landheer K, Juchem C. FAMASITO: FASTMAP Shim Tool towards user-friendly single-step B 0 homogenization. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4486. [PMID: 33599026 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast, automatic shimming by mapping along projections (FASTMAP) is an elegant analytical method developed to quantify three-dimensional first- and second-order spherical harmonic B0 shapes along six one-dimensional column projections. The straightforward application of this theoretical concept to B0 shimming, however, neglects crucial aspects of sequence implementation and shim hardware, commonly necessitating multistep iterative adjustments. We demonstrate a software package, referred to as FASTMAP Shim Tool (FAMASITO), which is composed of a FASTMAP pulse sequence, automated calibration and analysis routines, and a script for automatically performing experiments. With FAMASITO we demonstrate optimal single-step adjustment of first- and second-order terms (with potential <1% mean refinement of linear terms) in the prefrontal cortex of seven volunteers, one of the most difficult-to-shim areas in the adult human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
On the reproducibility of hippocampal MEGA-sLASER GABA MRS at 7T using an optimized analysis pipeline. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:427-436. [PMID: 32865653 PMCID: PMC8154804 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives GABA is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Thus, variation in its concentration is connected to a wide variety of diseases. However, the low concentration and the overlap of more prominent resonances hamper GABA quantification using MR spectroscopy. The hippocampus plays a pivotal role in neurodegeneration. Susceptibility discontinuities in the vicinity of the hippocampus cause strong B0 inhomogeneities, impeding GABA spectroscopy. The aim of this work is to improve the reproducibility of hippocampal GABA+ MRS. Methods The GABA+/total creatine ratio in the hippocampus was measured using a MEGA-sLASER sequence at 7 Tesla. 10 young healthy volunteers participated in the study. A dedicated pre-processing approach was established. Spectral quantification was performed with Tarquin. The quantification parameters were carefully adjusted to ensure optimal quantification. Results An inter-subject coefficient of variation of the GABA+/total creatine of below 15% was achieved. Additional to spectral registration, which is essential to obtain reproducible GABA measures, eddy current compensation and additional difference artifact suppression improved the reproducibility. The mean FWHM was 23.1 Hz (0.078 ppm). Conclusion The increased spectral dispersion of ultra-high-field spectroscopy allows for reproducible spectral quantification, despite a very broad line width. The achieved reproducibility enables the routine use of hippocampal GABA spectroscopy at 7 Tesla. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10334-020-00879-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
30
|
Juchem C, Cudalbu C, de Graaf RA, Gruetter R, Henning A, Hetherington HP, Boer VO. B 0 shimming for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4350. [PMID: 32596978 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) allow the chemical analysis of physiological processes in vivo and provide powerful tools in the life sciences and for clinical diagnostics. Excellent homogeneity of the static B0 magnetic field over the object of interest is essential for achieving high-quality spectral results and quantitative metabolic measurements. The experimental minimization of B0 variation is performed in a process called B0 shimming. In this article, we summarize the concepts of B0 field shimming using spherical harmonic shimming techniques, specific strategies for B0 homogenization and crucial factors to consider for implementation and use in both brain and body. In addition, experts' recommendations are provided for minimum requirements for B0 shim hardware and evaluation criteria for the primary outcome of adequate B0 shimming for MRS and MRSI, such as the water spectroscopic linewidth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Juchem
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Vincent O Boer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Landheer K, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Magnetic resonance Spectrum simulator (MARSS), a novel software package for fast and computationally efficient basis set simulation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4129. [PMID: 31313877 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel software platform for the simulation of magnetic resonance spin systems, capable of simulating a large number of spatial points (1283 ) for large in vivo spin systems (up to seven coupled spins) in a time frame of the order of a few minutes. The quantum mechanical density-matrix formalism is applied, a coherence pathway filter is utilized for handling unwanted coherence pathways, and the 1D projection method, which provides a substantial reduction in computation time for a large number of spatial points, is extended to include sequences of an arbitrary number of RF pulses. The novel software package, written in MATLAB, computes a basis set of 23 different metabolites (including the two anomers of glucose, seven coupled spins) with 1283 spatial points in 26 min for a three-pulse experiment on a personal desktop computer. The simulated spectra are experimentally verified with data from both phantom and in vivo MEGA-sLASER experiments. Recommendations are provided regarding the various assumptions made when computing a basis set for in vivo MRS with respect to the number of spatial points simulated and the consideration of relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelley M Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maudsley AA, Andronesi OC, Barker PB, Bizzi A, Bogner W, Henning A, Nelson SJ, Posse S, Shungu DC, Soher BJ. Advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic neuroimaging: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4309. [PMID: 32350978 PMCID: PMC7606742 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) offers considerable promise for monitoring metabolic alterations associated with disease or injury; however, to date, these methods have not had a significant impact on clinical care, and their use remains largely confined to the research community and a limited number of clinical sites. The MRSI methods currently implemented on clinical MRI instruments have remained essentially unchanged for two decades, with only incremental improvements in sequence implementation. During this time, a number of technological developments have taken place that have already greatly benefited the quality of MRSI measurements within the research community and which promise to bring advanced MRSI studies to the point where the technique becomes a true imaging modality, while making the traditional review of individual spectra a secondary requirement. Furthermore, the increasing use of biomedical MR spectroscopy studies has indicated clinical areas where advanced MRSI methods can provide valuable information for clinical care. In light of this rapidly changing technological environment and growing understanding of the value of MRSI studies for biomedical studies, this article presents a consensus from a group of experts in the field that reviews the state-of-the-art for clinical proton MRSI studies of the human brain, recommends minimal standards for further development of vendor-provided MRSI implementations, and identifies areas which need further technical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter B Barker
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alberto Bizzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Brian J Soher
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi IY, Andronesi OC, Barker P, Bogner W, Edden RAE, Kaiser LG, Lee P, Marjańska M, Terpstra M, de Graaf RA. Spectral editing in 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4411. [PMID: 32946145 PMCID: PMC8557623 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing in in vivo 1 H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification. Also, we have listed the experts' recommendations for minimum requirements to achieve adequate spectral editing and reliable quantification. These include selecting the right editing sequence, dealing with frequency drift, handling unwanted coedited resonances, spectral fitting of edited spectra, setting up multicenter clinical trials and recommending sequence parameters to be reported in publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bagnato F, Gauthier SA, Laule C, Moore GRW, Bove R, Cai Z, Cohen-Adad J, Harrison DM, Klawiter EC, Morrow SA, Öz G, Rooney WD, Smith SA, Calabresi PA, Henry RG, Oh J, Ontaneda D, Pelletier D, Reich DS, Shinohara RT, Sicotte NL. Imaging Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Brain Atrophy. J Neuroimaging 2021; 30:251-266. [PMID: 32418324 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians involved with different aspects of the care of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and scientists with expertise on clinical and imaging techniques convened in Dallas, TX, USA on February 27, 2019 at a North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative workshop meeting. The aim of the workshop was to discuss cardinal pathobiological mechanisms implicated in the progression of MS and novel imaging techniques, beyond brain atrophy, to unravel these pathologies. Indeed, although brain volume assessment demonstrates changes linked to disease progression, identifying the biological mechanisms leading up to that volume loss are key for understanding disease mechanisms. To this end, the workshop focused on the application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques to assess and measure disease progression in both the brain and the spinal cord. Clinical translation of quantitative MRI was recognized as of vital importance, although the need to maintain a relatively short acquisition time mandated by most radiology departments remains the major obstacle toward this effort. Regarding PET, the panel agreed upon its utility to identify ongoing pathological processes. However, due to costs, required expertise, and the use of ionizing radiation, PET was not considered to be a viable option for ongoing care of persons with MS. Collaborative efforts fostering robust study designs and imaging technique standardization across scanners and centers are needed to unravel disease mechanisms leading to progression and discovering medications halting neurodegeneration and/or promoting repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Radiology, Pathology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George R Wayne Moore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal and Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel M Harrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah A Morrow
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurology, and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Seth A Smith
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Vanderbilt University Imaging Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roland G Henry
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and the UC San Francisco & Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | -
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gajdošík M, Landheer K, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. INSPECTOR: free software for magnetic resonance spectroscopy data inspection, processing, simulation and analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2094. [PMID: 33483543 PMCID: PMC7822873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, allowing for non-invasive measurement and analysis of small molecules from living tissues. However, currently available MRS processing and analytical software tools are limited in their potential for in-depth quality management, access to details of the processing stream, and user friendliness. Moreover, available MRS software focuses on selected aspects of MRS such as simulation, signal processing or analysis, necessitating the use of multiple packages and interfacing among them for biomedical applications. The freeware INSPECTOR comprises enhanced MRS data processing, simulation and analytical capabilities in a one-stop-shop solution for a wide range of biomedical research and diagnostic applications. Extensive data handling, quality management and visualization options are built in, enabling the assessment of every step of the processing chain with maximum transparency. The parameters of the processing can be flexibly chosen and tailored for the specific research problem, and extended confidence information is provided with the analysis. The INSPECTOR software stands out in its user-friendly workflow and potential for automation. In addition to convenience, the functionalities of INSPECTOR ensure rigorous and consistent data processing throughout multi-experiment and multi-center studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gajdošík
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Okada T, Kuribayashi H, Kaiser LG, Urushibata Y, Salibi N, Seethamraju RT, Ahn S, Thuy DHD, Fujimoto K, Isa T. Repeatability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain at 7 T: effect of scan time on semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing and short-echo time stimulated echo acquisition mode scans and their comparison. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:9-20. [PMID: 33392007 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a unique opportunity for in vivo measurements of the brain's metabolic profile. Two methods of mainstream data acquisition are compared at 7 T, which provides certain advantages as well as challenges. The two representative methods have seldom been compared in terms of measured metabolite concentrations and different scan times. The current study investigated proton MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex using a semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence and a short echo time (TE) stimulated echo acquisition mode (sSTEAM) sequence, and it compared their reliability and repeatability at 7 T using a 32-channel head coil. Methods Sixteen healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled and scanned twice with an off-bed interval between scans. The scan parameters for sLASER were a TR/TE of 6.5 s/32 ms and 32 and 48 averages (sLASER×32 and sLASER×48, respectively). The scan parameters for sSTEAM were a TR/TE of 4 s/5 ms and 32, 48, and 64 averages (sSTEAM4×32, sSTEAM4×48, and sSTEAM4×64, respectively) in addition to that with a TR/TE of 8 s/5 ms and 32 averages (sSTEAM8×32). Data were analyzed using LCModel. Metabolites quantified with Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) >50% were classified as not detected, and metabolites quantified with mean or median CRLBs ≤20% were included for further analysis. The SNR, CRLBs, coefficient of variation (CV), and metabolite concentrations were statistically compared using the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, or the Friedman test. Results The sLASER spectra for N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA) and glutamate (Glu) had a comparable or higher SNR than sSTEAM spectra. Ten metabolites had lower CRLBs than prefixed thresholds: aspartate (Asp), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine (Gln), Glu, glutathione (GSH), myo-inositol (Ins), taurine (Tau), the total amount of phosphocholine + glycerophosphocholine (tCho), creatine + phosphocreatine (tCr), and tNAA. Performance of the two sequences was satisfactory except for GABA, for which sLASER yielded higher CRLBs (≥18%) than sSTEAM. Some significant differences in CRLBs were noted, but they were ≤2% except for GABA and Gln. Signal averaging significantly lowered CRLBs for some metabolites but only by a small amount. Measurement repeatability as indicated by median CVs was ≤10% for Gln, Glu, Ins, tCho, tCr, and tNAA in all scans, and that for Asp, GABA, GSH, and Tau was ≥10% under some scanning conditions. The CV for GABA according to sLASER was significantly higher than that according to sSTEAM, whereas the CV for Ins was higher according to sSTEAM. An increase in signal averaging contribute little to lower CVs except for Ins. Conclusions Both sequences quantified brain metabolites with a high degree of precision and repeatability. They are comparable except for GABA, for which sSTEAM would be a better choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Nouha Salibi
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA/Boston, MA/Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Sinyeob Ahn
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA/Boston, MA/Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dinh Ha Duy Thuy
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duda JM, Moser AD, Zuo CS, Du F, Chen X, Perlo S, Richards CE, Nascimento N, Ironside M, Crowley DJ, Holsen LM, Misra M, Hudson JI, Goldstein JM, Pizzagalli DA. Repeatability and reliability of GABA measurements with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy young adults. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2359-2369. [PMID: 33216412 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities have been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite substantial interest in probing GABA in vivo, human imaging studies relying on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have generally been hindered by technical challenges, including GABA's relatively low concentration and spectral overlap with other metabolites. Although past studies have shown moderate-to-strong test-retest repeatability and reliability of GABA within certain brain regions, many of these studies have been limited by small sample sizes. METHODS GABA+ (macromolecular-contaminated) test-retest reliability and repeatability were assessed via a Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS sequence in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC; n = 21) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; n = 20) in healthy young adults. Data were collected on a 3T scanner (Siemens Prisma, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and GABA+ results were reported in reference to both total creatine (GABA+/tCr) and water (GABA+/water). RESULTS Results showed strong test-retest repeatability (mean GABA+/tCr coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.6%; mean GABA+/water CV = 4.0%) and reliability (GABA+/tCr intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.77; GABA+/water ICC = 0.87) in the dlPFC. The rACC showed acceptable (but comparatively lower) repeatability (mean GABA+/tCr CV = 8.0%; mean GABA+/water CV = 7.5%), yet low-moderate reliability (GABA+/tCr ICC = 0.40; GABA+/water ICC = 0.44). CONCLUSION The present study found excellent GABA+ MRS repeatability and reliability in the dlPFC. The rACC showed inferior results, possibly because of a combination of shimming impedance and measurement error. These data suggest that MEGA-PRESS can be utilized to reliably distinguish participants based on dlPFC GABA+ levels, whereas the mixed results in the rACC merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Duda
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia D Moser
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Perlo
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine E Richards
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nara Nascimento
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Crowley
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonen OM, Moffat BA, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, Desmond PM, Lui E. Reproducibility of Glutamate, Glutathione, and GABA Measurements in vivo by Single-Voxel STEAM Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7-Tesla in Healthy Individuals. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:566643. [PMID: 33041761 PMCID: PMC7522573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.566643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Derangements in brain glutamate, glutathione, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are implicated in a range of neurological disorders. Reliable methods to measure these compounds non-invasively in vivo are needed. We evaluated the reproducibility of their measurements in brain regions involved in the default mode network using quantitative MRS at 7-Tesla in healthy individuals. Methods Ten right-handed healthy volunteers underwent 7-Tesla MRI scans on 2 separate days, not more than 2 weeks apart. On each day two scanning sessions took place, with a re-positioning break in between. High-resolution isotropic anatomical scans were acquired prior to each scan, followed by single-voxel 1H-MRS using the STEAM pulse sequence on an 8 mL midline cubic voxel, positioned over the posterior cingulate and precuneus regions. Concentrations were corrected for partial-volume effects. Results Maximal Cramér-Rao lower bounds for glutamate, glutathione, and GABA were 2.0, 8.0, and 14.0%, respectively. Mean coefficients of variation within sessions were 5.9 ± 4.8%, 9.3 ± 7.6%, and 11.5 ± 8.8%, and between sessions were 4.6 ± 4.5%, 8.3 ± 5.7%, and 9.2 ± 8.7%, respectively. The mean (±SD) Dice’s coefficient for voxel overlap was 90 ± 4% within sessions and 86 ± 7% between sessions. Conclusion Glutamate, glutathione, and GABA can be reliably quantified using STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla from the posterior cingulate and precuneus cortices of healthy human subjects. STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla may be used to study the metabolic behavior of this important resting-state hub in various disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer M Gonen
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cuypers K, Marsman A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117394. [PMID: 32987106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; REVAL Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegård Allé 30, 26500 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Landheer K, Gajdošík M, Juchem C. A semi-LASER, single-voxel spectroscopic sequence with a minimal echo time of 20.1 ms in the human brain at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4324. [PMID: 32557880 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An optimized semi-LASER sequence that is capable of acquiring artefact-free data with an echo time (TE) of 20.1 ms on a standard clinical 3 T MR system was developed. Simulations were performed to determine the optimal TEs that minimize the expected Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) as proxy for quantification accuracy of metabolites. Optimized RF pulses, crusher gradients and phase cycling were used to achieve the shortest TE in a semi-LASER sequence to date on a clinical system. Synthetic spectra were simulated using the density matrix formalism for TEs spanning from 20.1 to 220.1 ms. These simulations were used to calculate the expected CRLB for each of the 18 metabolites typically considered in 1 H MRS. High quality spectra were obtained in six healthy volunteers in the prefrontal cortex, which is known for spurious echoes due to its proximity to the paranasal sinuses, and in the parietal-occipital cortex. Spectral transients were sufficient in quality to enable phase and frequency alignment prior to summation over all repetitions. Automated high-quality water suppression was obtained for all voxels without manual adjustment. The shortest TE minimized the CRLB for all brain metabolites except glycine due to its overlap with myo-inositol at this TE. It is also demonstrated that the CRLBs increase rapidly with TE for certain coupled metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - Martin Gajdošík
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Landheer K, Prinsen H, Petroff OA, Rothman DL, Juchem C. Elevated homocarnosine and GABA in subject on isoniazid as assessed through 1H MRS at 7T. Anal Biochem 2020; 599:113738. [PMID: 32302606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Typical magnetic resonance spectroscopy J-editing methods designed to quantify GABA suffer from contamination of both overlapping macromolecules and homocarnosine signal, introducing potential confounds. The aim of this study was to develop a novel method to assess accurately both the relative concentrations of homocarnosine as well as GABA free from overlapping creatine, homocarnosine and macromolecule signal. A novel method which utilized the combination of echo time STEAM and MEGA-sLASER magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments at 7T were used to quantify the concentration of GABA and homocarnsoine independently, which are typically quantified in tandem. The metabolites GABA and homocarnosine were measured in brain of 6 healthy control subjects, and in a single subject medicated with isoniazid. It was found that (16.6±10.2)% of the supposed GABA signal in the brain originated from homocarnosine, and that isoniazid caused significantly elevated concentration of GABA and homocarnosine in a single subject compared to controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hetty Prinsen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ognen A Petroff
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Concentration and effective T
2
relaxation times of macromolecules at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2327-2337. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
43
|
In vivo detection of γ-glutamyl-transferase up-regulation in glioma using hyperpolarized γ-glutamyl-[1- 13C]glycine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6244. [PMID: 32277103 PMCID: PMC7148357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is often upregulated in cancer, where it serves to mitigate oxidative stress. γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) is a key enzyme in GSH homeostasis, and compared to normal brain its expression is elevated in tumors, including in primary glioblastoma. GGT is therefore an attractive imaging target for detection of glioblastoma. The goal of our study was to assess the value of hyperpolarized (HP) γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine for non-invasive imaging of glioblastoma. Nude rats bearing orthotopic U87 glioblastoma and healthy controls were investigated. Imaging was performed by injecting HP γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine and acquiring dynamic 13C data on a preclinical 3T MR scanner. The signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine and its product [1-13C]glycine were evaluated. Comparison of control and tumor-bearing rats showed no difference in γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine SNR, pointing to similar delivery to tumor and normal brain. In contrast, [1-13C]glycine SNR was significantly higher in tumor-bearing rats compared to controls, and in tumor regions compared to normal-appearing brain. Importantly, higher [1-13C]glycine was associated with higher GGT expression and higher GSH levels in tumor tissue compared to normal brain. Collectively, this study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the feasibility of using HP γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine to monitor GGT expression in the brain and thus to detect glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
44
|
Landheer K, Noeske R, Garwood M, Juchem C. UTE-SPECIAL for3D localization at an echo time of 4 ms on a clinical 3 T scanner. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 311:106670. [PMID: 31927513 PMCID: PMC7045707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the echo time of magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments is appealing because it increases the available signal and reduces J-evolution of coupled metabolites. In this manuscript a novel sequence, referred to as Ultrashort echo TimE, SPin ECho, full Intensity Acquired Localized (UTE-SPECIAL), is described which is able to achieve ultrashort echo times (4 ms) on a standard clinical 3 T MR system while recovering the entirety of the available magnetization. UTE-SPECIAL obtains full 3D spatial localization through a 2D adiabatic inversion pulse which is cycled "on" and "off" every other repetition, in combination with a slice-selective excitation pulse. In addition to an ultrashort echo time, UTE-SPECIAL has negligible chemical shift displacement artefact and, because it uses no slice-selective refocusing pulse, has no signal cancellation at the borders for J-coupled metabolites. Spectra with an ultrashort echo time of 4 ms are demonstrated in vivo at 3 T, as well as J-resolved spectra obtained in a phantom and a healthy volunteer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States.
| | | | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States; Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Heckova E, Považan M, Strasser B, Motyka S, Hangel G, Hingerl L, Moser P, Lipka A, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Effects of different macromolecular models on reproducibility of FID-MRSI at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 83:12-21. [PMID: 31393037 PMCID: PMC6851974 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A properly characterized macromolecular (MM) contribution is essential for accurate metabolite quantification in FID-MRSI. MM information can be included into the fitting model as a single component or parameterized and included over several individual MM resonances, which adds flexibility when pathologic changes are present but is prone to potential overfitting. This study investigates the effects of different MM models on MRSI reproducibility. METHODS Clinically feasible, high-resolution FID-MRSI data were collected in ~5 min at 7 Tesla from 10 healthy volunteers and quantified via LCModel (version 6.3) with 3 basis sets, each with a different approach for how the MM signal was handled: averaged measured whole spectrum (full MM), 9 parameterized components (param MM) with soft constraints to avoid overparameterization, or without any MM information included in the fitting prior knowledge. The test-retest reproducibility of MRSI scans was assessed voxel-wise using metabolite coefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients and compared between the basis sets. Correlations of concentration estimates were investigated for the param MM fitting model. RESULTS The full MM model provided the most reproducible quantification of total NAA, total Cho, myo-inositol, and glutamate + glutamine ratios to total Cr (coefficients of variations ≤ 8%, intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.76). Using the param MM model resulted in slightly lower reproducibility (up to +3% higher coefficients of variations, up to -0.1 decreased intraclass correlation coefficients). The quantification of the parameterized macromolecules did not affect quantification of the overlapping metabolites. CONCLUSION Clinically feasible FID-MRSI with an experimentally acquired MM spectrum included in prior knowledge provides highly reproducible quantification for the most common neurometabolites in healthy volunteers. Parameterization of the MM spectrum may be preferred as a compromise between quantification accuracy and reproducibility when the MM content is expected to be pathologically altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heckova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Považan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Moser
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lipka
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Swanberg KM, Landheer K, Pitt D, Juchem C. Quantifying the Metabolic Signature of Multiple Sclerosis by in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Current Challenges and Future Outlook in the Translation From Proton Signal to Diagnostic Biomarker. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1173. [PMID: 31803127 PMCID: PMC6876616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) offers a growing variety of methods for querying potential diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis in living central nervous system tissue. For the past three decades, 1H-MRS has enabled the acquisition of a rich dataset suggestive of numerous metabolic alterations in lesions, normal-appearing white matter, gray matter, and spinal cord of individuals with multiple sclerosis, but this body of information is not free of seeming internal contradiction. The use of 1H-MRS signals as diagnostic biomarkers depends on reproducible and generalizable sensitivity and specificity to disease state that can be confounded by a multitude of influences, including experiment group classification and demographics; acquisition sequence; spectral quality and quantifiability; the contribution of macromolecules and lipids to the spectroscopic baseline; spectral quantification pipeline; voxel tissue and lesion composition; T1 and T2 relaxation; B1 field characteristics; and other features of study design, spectral acquisition and processing, and metabolite quantification about which the experimenter may possess imperfect or incomplete information. The direct comparison of 1H-MRS data from individuals with and without multiple sclerosis poses a special challenge in this regard, as several lines of evidence suggest that experimental cohorts may differ significantly in some of these parameters. We review the existing findings of in vivo1H-MRS on central nervous system metabolic abnormalities in multiple sclerosis and its subtypes within the context of study design, spectral acquisition and processing, and metabolite quantification and offer an outlook on technical considerations, including the growing use of machine learning, by future investigations into diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis measurable by 1H-MRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dehghani M, Do KQ, Magistretti P, Xin L. Lactate measurement by neurochemical profiling in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 7T: accuracy, precision, and relaxation times. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1895-1908. [PMID: 31729080 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This assesses the potential of measuring lactate in the human brain using three non-editing MRS methods at 7T and compares the accuracy and precision of the methods. METHODS 1 H MRS data were measured in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using a semi-adiabatic spin-echo full-intensity acquired localized sequence with three different protocols: (I) TE = 16 ms, (II) TE = 110 ms, and (III) TE = 16 ms, TI = 300 ms. T1 and T2 relaxation times of lactate were also measured. Simulated spectra were generated for three protocols with known concentrations, using a range of spectral linewidths and SNRs to assess the effect of data quality on the measurement precision and accuracy. RESULTS Lactate was quantified in all three protocols with mean Cramér-Rao lower bound of 8% (I), 13% (II), and 7% (III). The T1 and T2 relaxation times of lactate were 1.9 ± 0.2 s and 94 ± 13 ms, respectively. Simulations predicted a spectral linewidth-associated underestimation of lactate measurement. Simulations, phantom and in vivo results showed that protocol II was most affected by this underestimation. In addition, the estimation error was insensitive to a broad range of spectral linewidth with protocol I. Within-session coefficient of variances of lactate were 6.1 ± 7.9% (I), 22.3 ± 12.3% (II), and 5.1 ± 5.4% (III), respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that protocols I and III have the potential to measure lactate at 7T with good reproducibility, whereas the measurement accuracy and precision depend on spectral linewidth and SNR, respectively. Moreover, simulation is valuable for the optimization of measurement protocols in future study design and the correction for measurement bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Dehghani
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (CNP), Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (CNP), Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (CNP), Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.,BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Landheer K, Juchem C. Simultaneous optimization of crusher and phase cycling schemes for magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an extension of dephasing optimization through coherence order pathway selection. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:391-402. [PMID: 31529647 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To extend the dephasing optimization through coherence order pathway selection (DOTCOPS) algorithm, originally designed solely for gradient crusher schemes, to include tailored phase cycling schemes for arbitrary pulse sequences and arbitrary number of coupled spins. THEORY AND METHODS The effects all possible nested and cogwheel phase cycling schemes have on the coherence order pathways for an arbitrary experiment are considered. The DOTCOPS algorithm uses a cost function to maximally eliminate unwanted coherence pathways, with schemes preferentially eliminating unwanted coherence pathways that are less affected by the crusher scheme. Efficacy was demonstrated experimentally in 2 separate MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequences: semi-localized adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) and MEscher-GArwood sLASER both with phantom and in vivo experiments. RESULTS For all sequences investigated, cogwheel was found to theoretically outperform typical nested phase cycling schemes. The chosen cogwheel phase cycling schemes through DOTCOPS were found to outperform a typical 2-step phase cycling scheme in both phantom and in vivo experiments. Both crusher schemes and phase cycling schemes with 8, 16, or 32 steps are presented for 6 of the most common advanced MRS sequences. CONCLUSION The DOTCOPS algorithm has been extended to provide optimal crusher and phase cycling schemes considered in tandem. DOTCOPS can be applied to any pulse sequence of interest for any number of coupled spins. DOTCOPS is now able to alleviate the long-standing issue of designing effective crusher and phase cycling schemes for complex MRS modern sequences and, as a result, is expected to improve the data quality of virtually all applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York.,Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Landheer K, Schulte RF, Treacy MS, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Theoretical description of modern1H in Vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1008-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | | | - Michael S. Treacy
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Kelley M. Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baldassari LE, Feng J, Clayton BLL, Oh SH, Sakaie K, Tesar PJ, Wang Y, Cohen JA. Developing therapeutic strategies to promote myelin repair in multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:997-1013. [PMID: 31215271 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1632192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Approved disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) lessen inflammatory disease activity that causes relapses and MRI lesions. However, chronic inflammation and demyelination lead to axonal degeneration and neuronal loss, for which there currently is no effective treatment. There has been increasing interest in developing repair-promoting strategies, but there are important unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms and appropriate methods to evaluate these treatments. Areas covered: The rationale for remyelinating agents in MS is discussed, with an overview of both myelin physiology and endogenous repair mechanisms. This is followed by a discussion of the identification and development of potential remyelinating drugs. Potential biomarkers of remyelination are reviewed, including considerations regarding measuring remyelination in clinical trials. Information and data were obtained from a search of recent literature through PubMed. Peer-reviewed original articles and review articles were included. Expert opinion: There are several obstacles to the translation of potential remyelinating agents to clinical trials, particularly uncertainty regarding the most appropriate study population and method to monitor remyelination. Refinements in clinical trial design and outcome measurement, potentially via advanced imaging techniques, are needed to optimize detection of repair in patients with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Baldassari
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Jenny Feng
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ken Sakaie
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cohen
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|