1
|
Prokai L, Fryčák P, Nguyen V, Forster MJ. Mass spectrometric analysis of carisoprodol and meprobamate in rat brain microdialysates. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:900-907. [PMID: 27747995 PMCID: PMC5315026 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of several mass spectrometry-based methods for the determination of carisoprodol and meprobamate in samples obtained from the rat brain by in vivo intracranial microdialyis. Among the techniques that aspire to perform analyses without chromatographic separation and thereby increase throughput, chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization and the use of an atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe fell short of requirements because of insufficient detection sensitivity and hard ionization, respectively. Although direct analysis in real time provided the required soft ionization, shortcomings of a tandem mass spectrometry-based assay also included inadequate detection sensitivity and, in addition, poor quantitative reproducibility. Therefore, liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine carisoprodol and meprobamate from artificial cerebrospinal fluid as the medium. No desalting and/or extraction of the samples was necessary. The assay, combined with in vivo sampling via intracranial microdialyis, afforded time-resolved concentration profiles for the drug and its major metabolite from the nucleus accumbens region of the brain in rats after systemic administration of carisoprodol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
| | - Petr Fryčák
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Present address: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmerberg CM, Li L. Mass spectrometric detection of neuropeptides using affinity-enhanced microdialysis with antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:915-22. [PMID: 23249250 DOI: 10.1021/ac302403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) is a useful sampling tool for many applications due to its ability to permit sampling from an animal concurrent with normal activity. MD is of particular importance in the field of neuroscience, in which it is used to sample neurotransmitters (NTs) while the animal is behaving in order to correlate dynamic changes in NTs with behavior. One important class of signaling molecules, the neuropeptides (NPs), however, presented significant challenges when studied with MD, due to the low relative recovery (RR) of NPs by this technique. Affinity-enhanced microdialysis (AE-MD) has previously been used to improve recovery of NPs and similar molecules. For AE-MD, an affinity agent (AA), such as an antibody-coated particle or free antibody, is added to the liquid perfusing the MD probe. This AA provides an additional mass transport driving force for analyte to pass through the dialysis membrane and thus increases the RR. In this work, a variety of AAs have been investigated for AE-MD of NPs in vitro and in vivo, including particles with C18 surface functionality and antibody-coated particles. Antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AbMnP) provided the best RR enhancement in vitro, with statistically significant (p < 0.05) enhancements for 4 out of 6 NP standards tested, and RR increases up to 41-fold. These particles were then used for in vivo MD in the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis, during a feeding study, with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. 31 NPs were detected in a 30 min collection sample, compared to 17 when no AA was used. The use of AbMnP also increased the temporal resolution from 4 to 18 h in previous studies to just 30 min in this study. The levels of NPs detected were also sufficient for reliable quantitation with the MS system in use, permitting quantitative analysis of the concentration changes for 7 identified NPs on a 30 min time course during feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Schmerberg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L. Prodrug design for brain delivery of small- and medium-sized neuropeptides. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 789:313-36. [PMID: 21922418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-310-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents multiple barriers for drug delivery from the circulation. Peptides potentially useful to treat maladies of the brain are especially limited in their ability to cross the BBB due to several shortcomings. Specific delivery strategies have been conceived to outwit the BBB to target neuropeptides into the brain. It should be noted, however, that no unified method is possible for true brain-targeting of these fascinating biomolecules due to their structural features, properties, and intricate interplays among factors governing their entrance into and retention within the brain. In most brain-targeting prodrug approaches, a lipophilic and bioreversible moiety(ies) is covalently attached to the peptide that results in the complete loss of the innate biological activity of the parent peptide (prodrugs are inactive per definition) but significantly improves brain uptake and metabolic stability in the plasma and the interstitial fluid. Once the peptide prodrug has crossed the BBB, specific enzymes liberate the parent agent from its prodrug in the brain. To illustrate the applicability of the prodrug strategy for brain delivery of small neuropeptides, pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2), [Glu(2)TRH], a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue with a vast array of central activities, was chosen as an example. An ester prodrug provided significantly improved brain delivery compared to the unmodified parent peptide. The synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this prodrug as specific examples are given for typical exploratory prodrug validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prokai-Tatrai K, Szarka S, Nguyen V, Sahyouni F, Walker C, White S, Talamantes T, Prokai L. "All in the mind"? Brain-targeting chemical delivery system of 17β-estradiol (Estredox) produces significant uterotrophic side effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Suppl 7. [PMID: 24380028 DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.s7-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we revisit the peculiarly named redox chemical delivery system concept. This unique prodrug approach has long been claimed to be capable of targeting 17β-estradiol (E2), which has numerous beneficial central effects, into the brain without detrimental peripheral hormonal exposure. Using a well-established protocol to monitor E2's antidepressant-like effect, we show that the administration of this chemical delivery system incorporated into hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (i.e., Estredox), indeed, triggers a transient antidepressant-like behavior in ovariectomized mice. At the same time, even an acute dose of the carefully purified chemical delivery system produces significant circulating E2 levels and uterotrophic side effects for several days after drug administration. For the first time, we also unequivocally show by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry that the uterus of the Estredox-treated animals contains a large quantity of E2 compared to that of the control group. These thus far unexposed yet consequential peripheral side effects brought about by Estredox call for a thorough and unbiased reassessment of the extent of brain-targeting of the hormone via the chemical delivery system approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Szabolcs Szarka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Fatima Sahyouni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Cary Walker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Shastazia White
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Tatjana Talamantes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L. Prodrugs of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and related peptides as central nervous system agents. Molecules 2009; 14:633-54. [PMID: 19214153 PMCID: PMC6253886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodrug design for brain delivery of small- and medium-sized neuropeptides was reviewed, focusing on thyrotropin-releasing hormone and structurally related peptides as examples. We have summarized our most important advances in methodology, as well as assessed the benefits and limitations of bioreversible chemical manipulation techniques to achieve targeting of the parent molecules into the central nervous system. The value of prodrug-amenable analogues as potential drug-like central nervous systems agents was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Molecular Biology & Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; E-mail: (L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixidó M, Prokai-Tatrai K, Wang X, Nguyen V, Prokai L. Exploratory neuropharmacological evaluation of a conformationally constrained thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Brain Res Bull 2007; 73:103-7. [PMID: 17499643 PMCID: PMC1950732 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally constrained peptidomimetic derived from the endocrine and neuroactive tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2)) was synthesized by convenient solid-phase organic chemistry and evaluated as a potential central nervous system agent. While this ethylene-bridged peptide analogue has been reported to lack the hormonal effect of the native peptide, we have shown in animal models that it possesses central nervous system activity characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Compared to control, the peptidomimetic showed significant analeptic and antidepressant-like potencies. Moreover, an enhanced selectivity in antidepressant-like effect was measured when compared to that of the native peptide. Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and in vitro metabolic stability studies also revealed that this constrained peptidomimetic has higher affinity to the blood-brain barrier than the native peptide and is metabolically stable. Consequently, this structure may be used as a template to design centrally selective and metabolically stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogues as potential neuropharmaceutical agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Teixidó
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 01 817 735 0617; fax: +01 817 735 2651. E-mail: (K. Prokai-Tatrai)
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chapter 3.4 In vivo peptidomics: discovery and monitoring of neuropeptides using microdialysis and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-7339(06)16016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
8
|
Prokai L, Prokai-Tatrai K, Zharikova AD, Nguyen V, Perjesi P, Stevens SM. Centrally Acting and Metabolically Stable Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues by Replacement of Histidine with Substituted Pyridinium. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6025-33. [PMID: 15537357 DOI: 10.1021/jm020531t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically stable and centrally acting thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues were designed by replacing the central histidine with substituted pyridinium moieties. Their analeptic and acetylcholine-releasing actions were evaluated to assess their potency as central nervous system (CNS) agents. A strong experimental connection between these two CNS-mediated actions of the TRH analogues was obtained in subject animals. The analogue 3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-(3-[2-(aminocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-oxo-2-[[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]propyl)pyridinium (1a) showed the highest (TRH-equivalent) potency and longest, dose-dependent duration of action from a series of homologous compounds in antagonizing pentobarbital-induced narcosis when administered intravenously in its CNS-permeable prodrug form (2a) obtained via reduction of the pyridinium moiety to the nonionic dihydropyridine. The maximum change in hippocampal acetylcholine concentration upon perfusion of the pyridinium-containing tripeptides into the hippocampus of rats was also achieved with 1a. No binding to the endocrine TRH receptor was measured for the TRH analogues reported here; therefore, our design afforded a novel lead for centrally acting TRH analogues. We have also demonstrated the benefits of the prodrug approach on the pharmacokinetics and brain uptake/retention of pyridinium-containing TRH analogues (measured by in vivo microdialysis sampling) upon systemic administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML, Jussila MS. Phospholipids and liposomes in liquid chromatographic and capillary electromigration techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L. Modifying peptide properties by prodrug design for enhanced transport into the CNS. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2004; 61:155-88. [PMID: 14674612 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8049-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prokai-Tatrai K, Nguyen V, Zharikova AD, Braddy AC, Stevens SM, Prokai L. Prodrugs to enhance central nervous system effects of the TRH-like peptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1011-4. [PMID: 12643900 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Potential prodrugs for the TRH-like tripeptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2) were synthesized either by esterifying the Glu side-chain of the parent peptide in solution with alcohols in the presence of resin-bound dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or by solid-phase peptide chemistry. Affinities of these ester prodrugs to lipid membranes as predictors of the transport across the blood-brain barrier were compared by immobilized artificial membrane chromatography, and prodrug activation was tested in the brain tissue of experimental animals. Esters of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2) with long-chain primary alcohols emerged as potentially useful prodrugs to improve the central nervous system activity of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2) upon systemic administration, as revealed by the enhancement of analeptic activity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
All higher organisms divide major biochemical steps into different cellular compartments and often use tissue-specific division of metabolism for the same purpose. Such spatial resolution is accompanied with temporal changes of metabolite synthesis in response to environmental stimuli or developmental needs. Although analyses of primary and secondary gene products, i.e. transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, regularly do not cope with this spatial and temporal resolution, these gene products are often observed to be highly coregulated forming complex networks. Methods to study such networks are reviewed with respect to data acquisition, network statistics, and biochemical interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fiehn
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14424 Potsdam/Golm, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Braddy AC, Janáky T, Prokai L. Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2002; 966:81-7. [PMID: 12214707 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatographic separations on monolayers of cell membrane phospholipids covalently immobilized to silica particles at high molecular density is used for mimicking solute partitioning into biological membranes that generally correlates with membrane transport. This technique called immobilized artificial membrane chromatography usually employs ultraviolet (UV) detection where a single compound is analyzed in a chromatographic run limiting thereby its throughput for drug discovery applications. For coupling with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, the phosphate-buffered saline mobile phase was replaced with one that used ammonium acetate as a volatile buffer. While atmospheric pressure chemical ionization accommodated a purely aqueous effluent, interfacing with electrospray ionization required effluent splitting and the addition of an organic modifier (5%, v/v, acetonitrile). Neuropeptide FF antagonists as early-phase drug candidates were used for the comparative evaluation of the methods. Whereas electrospray ionization produced essentially no fragment ions, several compounds involved in our study yielded low-abundance molecular ions with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. The use of mass spectrometry yielded data that correlated well with those obtained by the method employing UV detection. Both atmospheric pressure ionization methods permitted the simultaneous determination of the k'(IAM), capacity factors and, therefore, an increased-throughput ranking of potential new leads emerged from the drug discovery process based on affinity to artificial membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April C Braddy
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0497, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:119-132. [PMID: 11813320 DOI: 10.1002/jms.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|