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Dronina J, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Ramanavicius A. Advances and insights in the diagnosis of viral infections. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:348. [PMID: 34717656 PMCID: PMC8556785 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are the most common among diseases that globally require around 60 percent of medical care. However, in the heat of the pandemic, there was a lack of medical equipment and inpatient facilities to provide all patients with viral infections. The detection of viral infections is possible in three general ways such as (i) direct virus detection, which is performed immediately 1-3 days after the infection, (ii) determination of antibodies against some virus proteins mainly observed during/after virus incubation period, (iii) detection of virus-induced disease when specific tissue changes in the organism. This review surveys some global pandemics from 1889 to 2020, virus types, which induced these pandemics, and symptoms of some viral diseases. Non-analytical methods such as radiology and microscopy also are overviewed. This review overlooks molecular analysis methods such as nucleic acid amplification, antibody-antigen complex determination, CRISPR-Cas system-based viral genome determination methods. Methods widely used in the certificated diagnostic laboratory for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, B, C, HIV, and other viruses during a viral pandemic are outlined. A comprehensive overview of molecular analytical methods has shown that the assay's sensitivity, accuracy, and suitability for virus detection depends on the choice of the number of regions in the viral open reading frame (ORF) genome sequence and the validity of the selected analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Dronina
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geoscience, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geoscience, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geoscience, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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2
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Adlhoch C, Sneiderman M, Martinuka O, Melidou A, Bundle N, Fielding J, Olsen SJ, Penttinen P, Pastore L, Pebody R. Spotlight influenza: The 2019/20 influenza season and the impact of COVID-19 on influenza surveillance in the WHO European Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34622760 PMCID: PMC8511754 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.40.2100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAnnual seasonal influenza activity in the northern hemisphere causes a high burden of disease during the winter months, peaking in the first weeks of the year.AimWe describe the 2019/20 influenza season and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sentinel surveillance in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region.MethodsWe analysed weekly epidemiological and virological influenza data from sentinel primary care and hospital sources reported by countries, territories and areas (hereafter countries) in the European Region.ResultsWe observed co-circulation of influenza B/Victoria-lineage, A(H1)pdm09 and A(H3) viruses during the 2019/20 season, with different dominance patterns observed across the Region. A higher proportion of patients with influenza A virus infection than type B were observed. The influenza activity started in week 47/2019, and influenza positivity rate was ≥ 50% for 2 weeks (05-06/2020) rather than 5-8 weeks in the previous five seasons. In many countries a rapid reduction in sentinel reports and the highest influenza activity was observed in weeks 09-13/2020. Reporting was reduced from week 14/2020 across the Region coincident with the onset of widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionsOverall, influenza type A viruses dominated; however, there were varying patterns across the Region, with dominance of B/Victoria-lineage viruses in a few countries. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an earlier end of the influenza season and reduced influenza virus circulation probably owing to restricted healthcare access and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Adlhoch
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Sneiderman
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Martinuka
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angeliki Melidou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick Bundle
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Fielding
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Pastore
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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- The members of the European Influenza Surveillance Network are listed under Investigators
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Talemi RP. Synergistic effect of magnetite and gold nanoparticles onto the response of a label-free impedimetric hepatitis B virus DNA biosensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:773-781. [PMID: 26652432 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A magnetite and gold nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was prepared for the immobilization of a thiol modified Hepatitis B virus (HBV) probe DNA and determination trace amount of target HBV DNA. Indeed, the sensing platform integrated two nanoparticles that had previously been employed individually in the DNA biosensors. The proposed DNA biosensor could measure target HBV DNA virus concentration with a low detection limit of 3.1 (±0.1)×10-(13)M, which was greatly lower than the detection limit reported with gold or magnetite nanoparticles alone. The change of interfacial charge transfer resistance (RCT) was confirmed the hybrid formation between probe and target HBV DNA. The RCT difference (before and after hybridization with the target HBV DNA) was in a linear relationship with the logarithm of complementary oligonucleotide concentrations in the range of 8.3 (±0.1)×10(-13) to 6.4 (±0.2)×10(-7)M. In addition, the novel methodology for specific DNA sequence detection was highly selective, repeatable, and reproducible. Finally, this work was successfully utilized for the sensitive and label free impedimetric determination of HBV target DNA in the urine and blood plasma samples.
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Jarocka U, Sawicka R, Stachyra A, Góra-Sochacka A, Sirko A, Zagórski-Ostoja W, Sączyńska V, Porębska A, Dehaen W, Radecki J, Radecka H. A biosensor based on electroactive dipyrromethene-Cu(II) layer deposited onto gold electrodes for the detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus type H5N1 in hen sera. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7807-14. [PMID: 26297459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a biosensor for the detection of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies against the influenza virus hemagglutinin. The steps of biosensor fabrications are as follows: (i) creation of a mixed layer containing the thiol derivative of dipyrromethene and 4-mercapto-1-butanol, (ii) complexation of Cu(II) ions, (iii) oriented immobilization of the recombinant histidine-tagged hemagglutinin, and (iv) filling free spaces with bovine serum albumin. The interactions between recombinants hemagglutinin from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus type H5N1 and anti-hemagglutinin H5 monoclonal antibodies were explored with Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. The biosensor displayed a good detection limit of 2.4 pg/mL, quantification limit of 7.2 pg/mL, and dynamic range from 4.0 to 100.0 pg/mL in buffer. In addition, this analytical device was applied for the detection of antibodies in hen sera from individuals vaccinated and non-vaccinated against the avian influenza virus type H5N1. The limit of detection for the assay was the dilution of sera 1: 7 × 10(6), which is about 200 times better than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jarocka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Róża Sawicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachyra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Zagórski-Ostoja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Violetta Sączyńska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Porębska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Radecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hanna Radecka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Talemi RP. Simple in situ functionalizing of magnetite nanoparticles by 4-nitrobenzenediazonium for construction of a sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of a DNA sequence related to Hepatitis B virus. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Fu Y, Callaway Z, Lum J, Wang R, Lin J, Li Y. Exploiting Enzyme Catalysis in Ultra-Low Ion Strength Media for Impedance Biosensing of Avian Influenza Virus Using a Bare Interdigitated Electrode. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1965-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Fu
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Zachary Callaway
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jacob Lum
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ronghui Wang
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Modern
Precision
Agriculture System Integration Research Key Lab of Ministry of Education
of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Center
of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- College
of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhao H, Green H, Lackenby A, Donati M, Ellis J, Thompson C, Bermingham A, Field J, Sebastianpillai P, Zambon M, Watson JM, Pebody R. A new laboratory-based surveillance system (Respiratory DataMart System) for influenza and other respiratory viruses in England: results and experience from 2009 to 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.3.20680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England (PHE), Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Green
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England (PHE), Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Lackenby
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Donati
- Bristol Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England (PHE), Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Ellis
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Thompson
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Bermingham
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Field
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England (PHE), Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Sebastianpillai
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Zambon
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England( PHE) Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - J M Watson
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England (PHE), Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Pebody
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England (PHE), Colindale, London, United Kingdom
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Jarocka U, Sawicka R, Góra-Sochacka A, Sirko A, Zagórski-Ostoja W, Radecki J, Radecka H. Electrochemical immunosensor for detection of antibodies against influenza A virus H5N1 in hen serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 55:301-6. [PMID: 24412426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an immunosensor for detection of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. Its preparation consists of successive modification steps of glassy carbon electrodes: (i) creation of COOH groups, (ii) covalent immobilization of protein A with EDC/NHS coupling reaction, (iii) covering with anti-His IgG monoclonal antibody, (iv) immobilization of the recombinant His-tagged hemagglutinin (His6-H5 HA), (v) filling free space with BSA. The interactions between two variants of recombinant HA (short and long) from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and the anti-H5 HA monoclonal antibody (Mab 6-9-1) have been explored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedimetric immunosensor displayed a very good detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 pg/mL, the quantification limit (LOQ) of 6.3 pg/mL and a dynamic range from 4 pg/mL to 20 pg/mL. In addition, this analytical device was applied for detection of antibodies against His6-H5 HA in serum of vaccinated hen using serial 10-fold dilutions of serum. The immunosensor proposed was able to detect antibody in hen serum diluted up to 7 × 10(7)-fold. The sensitivity of immunosensor was about four orders of magnitude much better than ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jarocka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Róża Sawicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Radecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hanna Radecka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Nagarajan S, Murugkar H, Tosh C, Behera P, Khandia R, Jain R, Katare M, Syed Z, Tripati S, Dubey S. Comparison of a nucleoprotein gene based RT-PCR with real time RT-PCR for diagnosis of avian influenza in clinical specimens. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:504-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Malecka K, Grabowska I, Radecki J, Stachyra A, Góra-Sochacka A, Sirko A, Radecka H. Voltammetric Detection of a Specific DNA Sequence of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Using HS-ssDNA Probe Deposited onto Gold Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Piro B, Kapella A, Le V, Anquetin G, Zhang Q, Reisberg S, Noel V, Tran L, Duc H, Pham M. Towards the detection of human papillomavirus infection by a reagentless electrochemical peptide biosensor. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Wang R, Lin J, Lassiter K, Srinivasan B, Lin L, Lu H, Tung S, Hargis B, Bottje W, Berghman L, Li Y. Evaluation study of a portable impedance biosensor for detection of avian influenza virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:52-8. [PMID: 21872621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) based on virus culture and RT-PCR are well established, but they are either time consuming or require specialized laboratory facilities and highly trained technicians. A simple, rapid, robust, and reliable test, suitable for use in the field or at the patient's bedside, is urgently needed. In this study, the performance of a newly developed portable impedance biosensor was evaluated by comparison with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus culture for detection of AIV in tracheal and cloacal swab samples collected from experimentally H5N2 AIV infected chickens. The impedance biosensor system was based on a combination of magnetic nanobeads, which were coated with AIV subtype-specific antibody for capture (separation and concentration) of a target virus, and a microfluidic chip with an interdigitated array microelectrode for transfer and detection of target virus, and impedance measurement of the bio-nanobeads and AI virus complexes in a buffer solution. A comparison of results obtained from 59 swab samples using virus culture, impedance biosensor and rRT-PCR methods showed that the impedance biosensor technique was comparable in sensitivity and specificity to rRT-PCR. Detection time for the impedance biosensor is less than 1h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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13
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Aich U, Beckley N, Shriver Z, Raman R, Viswanathan K, Hobbie S, Sasisekharan R. Glycomics-based analysis of chicken red blood cells provides insight into the selectivity of the viral agglutination assay. FEBS J 2011; 278:1699-712. [PMID: 21410647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs), including chicken RBCs (cRBCs), has been used extensively to estimate viral titer, to screen glycan-receptor binding preference, and to assess the protective response of vaccines. Although this assay enjoys widespread use, some virus strains do not agglutinate RBCs. To address these underlying issues and to increase the usefulness of cRBCs as tools for studying viruses, such as influenza, we analyzed the cell surface N-glycans of cRBCs. On the basis of the results obtained from complementary analytical strategies, including MS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, exoglycosidase digestions, and HPLC profiling, we report the major glycan structures present on cRBCs. By comparing the glycan structures of cBRCs with those of representative human upper respiratory cells, we offer a possible explanation for the fact that certain influenza strains do not agglutinate cRBCs, using specific human-adapted influenza hemagglutinins as examples. Finally, recent understanding of the role of various glycan structures in high affinity binding to influenza hemagglutinins provides context to our findings. These results illustrate that the field of glycomics can provide important information with respect to the experimental systems used to characterize, detect and study viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayanath Aich
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Lackenby A, Democratis J, Siqueira MM, Zambon MC. Rapid Quantitation of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Drug Resistance in Influenza virus Quasispecies. Antivir Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350801300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging resistance of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors is a concern, both in surveillance of global circulating strains and in treatment of individual patients. Current methodologies to detect resistance rely on the use of cultured virus, thus taking time to complete or lacking the sensitivity to detect mutations in viral quasispecies. Methodology for rapid detection of clinically meaningful resistance is needed to assist individual patient management and to track the transmission of resistant viruses in the community. Methods We have developed a pyrosequencing methodology to detect and quantitate influenza neuraminidase inhibitor resistance mutations in cultured virus and directly in clinical material. Our assays target polymorphisms associated with drug resistance in the neuraminidase genes of human influenza A H1N1 as well as human and avian H5N1 viruses. Quantitation can be achieved using viral RNA extracted directly from respiratory or tissue samples, thus eliminating the need for virus culture and allowing the assay of highly pathogenic viruses such as H5N1 without high containment laboratory facilities. Results Antiviral-resistant quasispecies are detected and quantitated accurately when present in the total virus population at levels as low as 10%. Pyrosequencing is a real-time assay; therefore, results can be obtained within a clinically relevant timeframe and provide information capable of informing individual patient or outbreak management. Conclusions Pyrosequencing is ideally suited for early identification of emerging antiviral resistance in human and avian influenza infection and is a useful tool for laboratory surveillance and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Lackenby
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, London, UK
| | - Jane Democratis
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, London, UK
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Department of Virology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C Zambon
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, London, UK
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15
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Redlberger M, Aberle SW, Heinz FX, Popow-Kraupp T. Dynamics of antigenic and genetic changes in the hemagglutinins of influenza A/H3N2 viruses of three consecutive seasons (2002/2003 to 2004/2005) in Austria. Vaccine 2007; 25:6061-9. [PMID: 17601639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human influenza viruses are subject to continuous antigenic drift and this phenomenon poses great problems for the annual production of vaccines which should ideally be manufactured from strains closely matching the predominant strains of the coming influenza season. We have investigated the dynamics of antigenic and genetic changes in the hemagglutinins of circulating influenza A/H3N2 strains in three consecutive seasons (2002/2003 to 2004/2005) in Austria by sequence analysis of the HA1 domain and by antigenic characterization using a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Each of the three seasons was dominated by a single and different H3N2 variant, but in all cases sequencing revealed the co-circulation of a drift variant which would have been missed by conventional antigenic analysis. These emerging strains always showed already a close genetic relationship to the dominating strain of the following season. Our results underscore the value of monitoring seasonal influenza strain dynamics by sequence analysis as an instrument that can provide important and timely information on the appearance of strains with epidemiologic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Redlberger
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Amano Y, Cheng Q. Detection of influenza virus: traditional approaches and development of biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 381:156-64. [PMID: 15592819 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. The disease occurs annually, causing fatality in the elderly and children and billions of dollars loss in business and productivity. Traditional viral detection methods include MDCK cell culture, complement fixation, hemagglutinin-inhibition, and recently RT-PCR. Although effective, these methods generally involve labor-intensive laboratory procedures and often require trained personnel to carry them out. The development of biosensor technologies will enable rapid and specific disease diagnosis on-site so that a clinician can quickly determine whether treatment is needed. This paper reviews traditional viral assays and progress in the biosensor development for influenza virus. Recent advances in single-step direct detection using non-labeling techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, quartz-crystal microbalance, and colorimetric functional polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Amano
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Rawlinson WD, Waliuzzaman ZM, Fennell M, Appleman JR, Shimasaki CD, Carter IW. New point of care test is highly specific but less sensitive for influenza virus A and B in children and adults. J Med Virol 2004; 74:127-31. [PMID: 15258978 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The importance of rapid diagnosis of influenza has increased with the availability of neuraminidase inhibitors, which need to be commenced within 48 hr of symptom onset. Furthermore, the recent development of influenza-like clinical syndromes with novel aetiologies (severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS) has increased the need for rapid and accurate near-patient diagnosis. A new, modified point of care (POC) diagnostic test (ZstatFlu) was assessed on 469 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) and 260 nose/throat swabs (TS) taken from children and adults. The test was specific (77-98%) for all specimen types for influenza virus A and B, depending upon incubation conditions. However, it was less sensitive, detecting 65-77% of specimens confirmed as positive on culture, direct immunofluorescence or PCR testing. A positive test is useful, for both directing initiation of therapy in the clinician's office, and making a positive diagnosis of influenza in patients with influenza-like clinical syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rawlinson
- Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia.
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Smith AB, Mock V, Melear R, Colarusso P, Willis DE. Rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses in clinical specimens by Light Cycler real time RT-PCR. J Clin Virol 2003; 28:51-8. [PMID: 12927751 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the influenza viruses cause morbidity and mortality annually among children and elderly. Surveillance and rapid diagnosis is imperative in the reference laboratory, as clinical symptoms are insufficient for proper diagnosis. OBJECTIVES this study involved the design of a rapid detection method for influenza A and B viruses using real time RT-PCR from clinical specimens. Methods were specifically designed for use on the Light Cycler. The sensitivity and specificity were also to be determined. STUDY DESIGN the identification and discrimination of influenza A and B viruses employs two dual probe systems based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Following submission by physicians participating in the Florida sentinel influenza network, 58 specimens were chosen for testing using both tissue culture and Light Cycler methods. RESULTS of the 35 identified positive for influenza virus via tissue culture isolation, the Light Cycler results matched identification and typing with 100% agreement. However, the Light Cycler recognized 16 additional specimens that were positive for the presence of the virus. RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of influenza A virus in these specimens. Using tenfold serial dilutions, the sensitivity of the Light Cycler method was determined to be 0.01 TCID50. The lower limit of RNA detection was determined as 1.6 x 10(-7) microg for influenza A virus, and 1.2 x 10(-7) microg for influenza B virus. Specificity of the Light Cycler method was determined by testing specimens containing adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and echovirus, all of which yielded negative results with no discernible background. CONCLUSIONS overall, this newly developed method of simultaneous detection and typing of influenza types A and B using the Light Cycler proves to be more sensitive than tissue culture isolation, with corresponding specificity. This technique may be valuable for surveillance and rapid identification of influenza for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Smith
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, 1217 North Pearl Street, Jacksonville, FL 32202, USA.
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Uyeki TM. Influenza diagnosis and treatment in children: a review of studies on clinically useful tests and antiviral treatment for influenza. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:164-77. [PMID: 12586981 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000050458.35010.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prompt testing for influenza can help guide clinical management of patients with suspected influenza. Three antiviral medications, amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir, are approved for treatment of influenza in children. Rimantadine and ribavirin have also been used. OBJECTIVES To review the published evidence on clinically useful diagnostic tests and antiviral treatment for influenza virus infections in children. METHODS Studies published from 1966 through September 2002 were reviewed on clinical diagnosis, immunofluorescence and rapid influenza tests and on antiviral treatment of influenza virus infections among pediatric populations. RESULTS No studies assessed the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of influenza in children compared with viral culture. Compared with viral culture, direct immunofluorescence antibody and indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests for influenza had fair to moderate median sensitivities and high median specificities, whereas rapid influenza diagnostic tests had moderate median sensitivities and moderately high median specificities. No randomized, placebo-controlled studies were found of amantadine or rimantadine for treatment of influenza A. In a few separate controlled studies, oseltamivir, zanamivir and ribavirin each reduced symptom duration of influenza compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Additional data are needed about the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of influenza in children. Although direct immunofluorescence antibody staining, indirect immunofluorescence antibody staining and rapid tests are moderately to reasonably accurate in detecting influenza virus infections in children, physicians should use clinical judgment and local surveillance data about circulating influenza viruses when interpreting test results. Further controlled studies of the efficacy, adverse effects and emergence of antiviral resistance during treatment of influenza are needed for all of the antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Hamilton MS, Abel DM, Ballam YJ, Otto MK, Nickell AF, Pence LM, Appleman JR, Shimasaki CD, Achyuthan KE. Clinical evaluation of the ZstatFlu-II test: a chemiluminescent rapid diagnostic test for influenza virus. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:2331-4. [PMID: 12089243 PMCID: PMC120541 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.7.2331-2334.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the high sensitivity of the chemiluminescence phenomenon, an accurate and sensitive point-of-care test, called the ZstatFlu-II test (ZymeTx, Inc., Oklahoma City, Okla.), was developed to detect influenza virus infections. The ZstatFlu-II test takes 20 min and requires approximately 2 min of "hands-on" time for operational steps. The ZstatFlu-II test does not distinguish between infections with influenza virus types A and B. ZstatFlu-II test results are printed on Polaroid High-Speed Detector Film, allowing test results to be archived. A prototype version of the ZstatFlu-II test was evaluated during the 2000-to-2001 flu season with 300 nasal aspirate specimens from children at a pediatric hospital. Compared to culture, the ZstatFlu-II test had 88% sensitivity and 92% specificity. The Directigen test had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 93%. The sensitivity of the ZstatFlu-II test was significantly higher than that of the Directigen test (P < 0.0574).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn S Hamilton
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
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Zhou X, Liu L, Hu M, Wang L, Hu J. Detection of hepatitis B virus by piezoelectric biosensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 681:8-15. [PMID: 11682242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive piezoelectric HBV DNA biosensor has been developed based on the sensitive mass-transducing function of the quartz crystal microbalance and the speciality of nucleic acid hybridization reaction. HBV nucleic acid probe was immobilized onto the gold electrodes of a 9 MHz AT-cut piezoelectric quartz crystal with the polyethyleneimine adhesion, glutaraldehyde cross-linking (PEI-Glu) method or the physical adsorption method. The coated crystal with the PEI-Glu method to immobilized HBV nucleic acid probe showed the better results than the physical adsorption method with respect to sensitivity reproducibility and stability. The frequency shifts of hybridization have better linear relationship with the amount of HBV DNA, when the amount was in range 0.02-0.14 microg/ml. The crystal could be regenerated nearly five times without perceptible decrease of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Analysis-Measurement Science, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
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