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Cui Y, Rolova T, Fagerholm SC. The role of integrins in brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151441. [PMID: 39002282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric membrane proteins expressed on the surface of most cells. They mediate adhesion and signaling processes relevant for a wealth of physiological processes, including nervous system development and function. Interestingly, integrins are also recognized therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we discuss the role of integrins in brain development and function, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the brain (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke). Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic targeting of these adhesion receptors in inflammatory diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cui
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
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2
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Bellani S, Molyneaux PL, Maher TM, Spagnolo P. Potential of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrin inhibition for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:575-585. [PMID: 38949181 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2375375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown cause with a dismal prognosis. Nintedanib and Pirfenidone are approved worldwide for the treatment of IPF, but they only slow the rate of functional decline and disease progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more efficacious and better tolerated drugs. AREAS COVERED αvβ6 and αvβ1 are two integrins overexpressed in fibrotic tissue, which play a critical role in the development of lung fibrosis. They act by converting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, one of the most important profibrotic cytokine, in its active form. Here, we summarize and critically discuss the potential of a dual αvβ6/αvβ1 integrin inhibitor for the treatment of IPF. EXPERT OPINION Bexotegrast, a dual αvβ6/αvβ1 integrin inhibitor, has the potential to slow or even halt disease progression in IPF. Indeed, the strong pre-clinical rationale and promising early phase clinical trial data have raised expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bellani
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Kakogiannos N, Scalise AA, Martini E, Maderna C, Benvenuto AF, D’Antonio M, Carmignani L, Magni S, Gullotta GS, Lampugnani MG, Iannelli F, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA, Cerutti C, Bentley K, Philippides A, Zanardi F, Bacigaluppi M, Sigismund S, Bassani C, Farina C, Martino G, De Giovanni M, Dejana E, Iannacone M, Inverso D, Giannotta M. GPR126 is a specifier of blood-brain barrier formation in the mouse central nervous system. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e165368. [PMID: 39087467 PMCID: PMC11290973 DOI: 10.1172/jci165368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acquires unique properties to regulate neuronal function during development. The formation of the BBB, which occurs in tandem with angiogenesis, is directed by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Yet the exact molecular interplay remains elusive. Our study reveals the G protein-coupled receptor GPR126 as a critical target of canonical Wnt signaling, essential for the development of the BBB's distinctive vascular characteristics and its functional integrity. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of the Gpr126 gene in mice induced aberrant vascular morphogenesis, resulting in disrupted BBB organization. Simultaneously, heightened transcytosis in vitro compromised barrier integrity, resulting in enhanced vascular permeability. Mechanistically, GPR126 enhanced endothelial cell migration, pivotal for angiogenesis, acting through an interaction between LRP1 and β1 integrin, thereby balancing the levels of β1 integrin activation and recycling. Overall, we identified GPR126 as a specifier of an organotypic vascular structure, which sustained angiogenesis and guaranteed the acquisition of the BBB properties during development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuele Martini
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Maderna
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele D’Antonio
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carmignani
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Magni
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Camilla Cerutti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie Bentley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Informatics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Philippides
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Zanardi
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Giannotta
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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He B, Wang Y, Li H, Huang Y. The role of integrin beta in schizophrenia: a preliminary exploration. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:561-570. [PMID: 36274632 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric (αβ) receptors that transduce mechanical signals between the extracellular milieu and the cell in a bidirectional manner. Extensive research has shown that the integrin beta (β) family is widely expressed in the brain and that they control various aspects of brain development and function. Schizophrenia is a relatively common neurological disorder of unknown etiology and has been found to be closely related to neurodevelopment and neurochemicals in neuropathological studies of schizophrenia. Here, we review literature from recent years that shows that schizophrenia involves multiple signaling pathways related to neuronal migration, axon guidance, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and that dysregulation of these processes affects the normal function of neurons and synapses. In fact, alterations in integrin β structure, expression and signaling for neural circuits, cortex, and synapses are likely to be associated with schizophrenia. We explored several aspects of the possible association between integrin β and schizophrenia in an attempt to demonstrate the role of integrin β in schizophrenia, which may help to provide new insights into the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshan He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Shaughness MC, Pierron N, Smith AN, Byrnes KR. The Integrin Pathway Partially Mediates Stretch-Induced Deficits in Primary Rat Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3396-3412. [PMID: 36856961 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Stretch-injured microglia display significantly altered morphology, function and inflammatory-associated gene expression when cultured on a synthetic fibronectin substrate. However, the mechanism by which stretch induces these changes is unknown. Integrins, such as α5β1, mediate microglial attachment to fibronectin via the RGD binding peptide; following integrin ligation the integrin-associated signaling enzyme, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), autophosphorylates tyrosine residue 397 and mediates multiple downstream cellular processes. We therefore hypothesize that blocking the RGD binding/integrin pathway with a commercially available RGD peptide will mimic the stretch-induced morphological alterations and functional deficits in microglia. Further, we hypothesize that upregulation of stretch-inhibited downstream integrin signaling will reverse these effects. Using primary rat microglia, we tested the effects of RGD binding peptide and a FAK activator on cellular function and structure and response to stretch-injury. Similar to injured cells, RGD peptide administration significantly decreases media nitric oxide (NO) levels and iNOS expression and induced morphological alterations and migratory deficits. While stretch-injury and RGD peptide administration decreased phosphorylation of the tyrosine 397 residue on FAK, 20 nM of ZINC 40099027, an activator specific to the tyrosine 397 residue, rescued the stretch-induced decrease in FAK phosphorylation and ameliorated the injury-induced decrease in media NO levels, iNOS expression and inflammatory associated gene expression. Additionally, treatment alleviated morphological changes observed after stretch-injury and restored normal migratory behavior to control levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the integrin/FAK pathway partially mediates the stretch-injured phenotype in microglia, and may serve as a pathway to modulate microglial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate (OUMD), En Route & Critical Care Department (ECD), Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Pierron
- F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Austin N Smith
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kimberly R Byrnes
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Yang S, Bao J, Shi R, Liu L, Wang Y, Hong X, Wu X. Bioinformatics-based diagnosis and evaluation of several pivotal genes and pathways associated with immune infiltration at different time points in spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36841940 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2178970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological event. To assess the degree of spinal cord damage and classify the injury, it is recommended to use the 2019 version of the AIS standard. The severity of trauma was evaluated using the Trauma Severity Score, and various classification systems have been proposed for injuries at different parts and segments of the spine. Understanding the regulated signaling pathways and immune processes following SCI can lead to a better understanding of SCI-induced biomarkers and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, two gene expression datasets (GSE464 and GSE45006) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized. Differential gene expression and co-expression network analysis were performed, revealing 370 shared genes in the 3-day group and 111 shared genes in the 14-day group after SCI. The study used functional enrichment analysis methods such as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The ssGSEA method was used to assess the levels and composition of immune infiltration in both the sham (control) and SCI groups. The single-cell transcriptomics dataset GSE182803 was analyzed to identify genes associated with immune marker cells. Four key genes (Ptgs2, Fn1, Ccl2, and Icam1) were identified in the 3-day group, while only one gene (Cyp51) was identified in the 14-day group after SCI. The findings offer significant insights into the immune-related genes and signaling pathways involved in secondary SCI at different time points and hold potential for the development of intervention strategies for acute and chronic post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Nirwane A, Yao Y. Cell-specific expression and function of laminin at the neurovascular unit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1979-1999. [PMID: 35796497 PMCID: PMC9580165 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminin, a major component of the basal lamina (BL), is a heterotrimeric protein with many isoforms. In the CNS, laminin is expressed by almost all cell types, yet different cells synthesize distinct laminin isoforms. By binding to its receptors, laminin exerts a wide variety of important functions. However, due to the reciprocal and cell-specific expression of laminin in different cells at the neurovascular unit, its functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance and BBB repair after injury are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the neurovascular unit under both physiological and pathological conditions. We first briefly introduce the structures of laminin and its receptors. Next, the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the CNS are summarized in a cell-specific manner. Finally, we identify the knowledge gap in the field and discuss key questions that need to be answered in the future. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview on cell-specific expression of laminin and its receptors in the CNS and their functions on BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Cegarra C, Cameron B, Chaves C, Dabdoubi T, Do TM, Genêt B, Roudières V, Shi Y, Tchepikoff P, Lesuisse D. An innovative strategy to identify new targets for delivering antibodies to the brain has led to the exploration of the integrin family. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274667. [PMID: 36108060 PMCID: PMC9477330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Increasing brain exposure of biotherapeutics is key to success in central nervous system disease drug discovery. Accessing the brain parenchyma is especially difficult for large polar molecules such as biotherapeutics and antibodies because of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated a new immunization strategy to identify novel receptors mediating transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.
Method
We immunized mice with primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells to obtain antibodies. These antibodies were screened for their capacity to bind and to be internalized by primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells and Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell clone D3. They were further evaluated for their transcytosis capabilities in three in vitro blood-brain barrier models. In parallel, their targets were identified by two different methods and their pattern of binding to human tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry.
Results
12 antibodies with unique sequence and internalization capacities were selected amongst more than six hundred. Aside from one antibody targeting Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and one targeting Striatin3, most of the other antibodies recognized β1 integrin and its heterodimers. The antibody with the best transcytosis capabilities in all blood-brain barrier in vitro models and with the best binding capacity was an anti-αnβ1 integrin. In comparison, commercial anti-integrin antibodies performed poorly in transcytosis assays, emphasizing the originality of the antibodies derived here. Immunohistochemistry studies showed specific vascular staining on human and non-human primate tissues.
Conclusions
This transcytotic behavior has not previously been reported for anti-integrin antibodies. Further studies should be undertaken to validate this new mechanism in vivo and to evaluate its potential in brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cegarra
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Catarina Chaves
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | - Tuan-Minh Do
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Bruno Genêt
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Valérie Roudières
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Yi Shi
- Histology, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Dominique Lesuisse
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
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Rosmus DD, Lange C, Ludwig F, Ajami B, Wieghofer P. The Role of Osteopontin in Microglia Biology: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040840. [PMID: 35453590 PMCID: PMC9027630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune landscape of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and the retina, consists of different myeloid cell populations with distinct tasks to fulfill. Whereas the CNS borders harbor extraparenchymal CNS-associated macrophages whose main duty is to build up a defense against invading pathogens and other damaging factors from the periphery, the resident immune cells of the CNS parenchyma and the retina, microglia, are highly dynamic cells with a plethora of functions during homeostasis and disease. Therefore, microglia are constantly sensing their environment and closely interacting with surrounding cells, which is in part mediated by soluble factors. One of these factors is Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein that is produced by different cell types in the CNS, including microglia, and is upregulated in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review, we discuss the current literature about the interaction between microglia and OPN in homeostasis and several disease entities, including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular diseases (AD, CVD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), in the context of the molecular pathways involved in OPN signaling shaping the function of microglia. As nearly all CNS diseases are characterized by pathological alterations in microglial cells, accompanied by the disturbance of the homeostatic microglia phenotype, the emergence of disease-associated microglia (DAM) states and their interplay with factors shaping the DAM-signature, such as OPN, is of great interest for therapeutical interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska Ludwig
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Bahareh Ajami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Peter Wieghofer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Cellular Neuroanatomy, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wu Q, Liu H, Yang Q, Wei B, Wang L, Tang Q, Wang J, Xi Y, Han C, Wang J, Li L. Developmental Transcriptome Profiling of the Tibial Reveals the Underlying Molecular Basis for Why Newly Hatched Quails Can Walk While Newly Hatched Pigeons Cannot. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:745129. [PMID: 35198553 PMCID: PMC8858812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.745129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds can be classified into altricial and precocial species. The hatchlings of altricial birds cannot stand, whereas precocial birds can walk and run soon after hatching. It might be owing to the development of the hindlimb bones in the embryo stage, but the molecular regulatory basis underlying the divergence is unclear. To address this issue, we chose the altricial pigeon and the precocial Japanese quail as model animals. The data of tibia weight rate, embryonic skeletal staining, and tibia tissues paraffin section during the embryonic stage showed that the Japanese quail and pigeon have similar skeletal development patterns, but the former had a faster calcification rate. We utilized the comparative transcriptome approach to screen the genes and pathways related to this heterochronism. We separately analyzed the gene expression of tibia tissues of quail and pigeon at two consecutive time points from an inability to stand to be able to stand. There were 2910 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of quail, and 1635 DEGs of pigeon, respectively. A total of 409 DEGs in common in the quail and pigeon. On the other hand, we compared the gene expression profiles of pigeons and quails at four time points, and screened out eight pairs of expression profiles with similar expression trends but delayed expression in pigeons. By screening the common genes in each pair of expression profiles, we obtained a gene set consisting of 152 genes. A total of 79 genes were shared by the 409 DEGs and the 152 genes. Gene Ontology analysis of these common genes showed that 21 genes including the COL gene family (COL11A1, COL9A3, COL9A1), IHH, MSX2, SFRP1, ATP6V1B1, SRGN, CTHRC1, NOG, and GDF5 involved in the process of endochondral ossification. These genes were the candidate genes for the difference of tibial development between pigeon and quail. This is the first known study on the embryo skeletal staining in pigeon. It provides some new insights for studying skeletal development mechanisms and locomotor ability of altricial and precocial bird species.
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Guo L, Niu X, Chen X, Lu F, Gao J, Chang Q. 3D direct writing egg white hydrogel promotes diabetic chronic wound healing via self-relied bioactive property. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Zhong L, Tang L, He X. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) drives cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in cervical cancer via binding to integrin alpha v beta 3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2971-2980. [PMID: 35038961 PMCID: PMC8974177 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) has been uncovered to play an oncogenic role in several kinds of human malignancies. Nevertheless, whether ANGPTL3 functions in cervical cancer (CC) has not yet been reported. This paper is intended to explore the impact of ANGPTL3 on CC cells and elucidate the potential mechanism. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to analyze the ANGPTL3 expression. Western blot was also performed to examine integrin αvβ3 protein level. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, EdU staining and Western blot analysis. In addition, the migratory and invasive abilities of cells were, respectively, estimated by wound healing and transwell assays. Tube formation assay was performed to determine endothelial cell angiogenesis. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were measured by ELISA. As a result, ANGPTL3 expression was significantly higher in CC cells relative to that in normal cervical cells. Silencing of ANGPTL3 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Besides, downregulation of ANGPTL3 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenesis and repressed protein level of integrin alpha v beta 3 (αvβ3). Upregulation of αvβ3 offsets the inhibitory effect of ANGPTL3 on proliferation, migration and invasion in CC cells. Upregulated expression of αvβ3 promoted blood vessel formation and secretions of VEGF and VEGFR2. In conclusion, ANGPTL3 silencing may serve as a tumor suppressor in CC through integrin αvβ3, which provides a potentially novel therapeutic target for patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia He
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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13
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Hu H, Zhao M, Sun L. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:749587. [PMID: 34899188 PMCID: PMC8651709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.749587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common types of age-related dementia worldwide. In addition to extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, dysregulated microglia also play deleterious roles in the AD pathogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that unbridled microglial activity induces a chronic neuroinflammatory environment, promotes β-amyloid accumulation and tau pathology, and impairs microglia-associated mitophagy. Thus, targeting microglia may pave the way for new therapeutic interventions. This review provides a thorough overview of the pathophysiological role of the microglia in AD and illustrates the potential avenues for microglia-targeted therapies, including microglial modification, immunoreceptors, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Chowdhury R, Wang Y, Campbell M, Goderie SK, Doyle F, Tenenbaum SA, Kusek G, Kiehl TR, Ansari SA, Boles NC, Temple S. STAU2 binds a complex RNA cargo that changes temporally with production of diverse intermediate progenitor cells during mouse corticogenesis. Development 2021; 148:271165. [PMID: 34345913 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STAU2 is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein enriched in the nervous system. During asymmetric divisions in the developing mouse cortex, STAU2 preferentially distributes into the intermediate progenitor cell (IPC), delivering RNA molecules that can impact IPC behavior. Corticogenesis occurs on a precise time schedule, raising the hypothesis that the cargo STAU2 delivers into IPCs changes over time. To test this, we combine RNA-immunoprecipitation with sequencing (RIP-seq) over four stages of mouse cortical development, generating a comprehensive cargo profile for STAU2. A subset of the cargo was 'stable', present at all stages, and involved in chromosome organization, macromolecule localization, translation and DNA repair. Another subset was 'dynamic', changing with cortical stage, and involved in neurogenesis, cell projection organization, neurite outgrowth, and included cortical layer markers. Notably, the dynamic STAU2 cargo included determinants of IPC versus neuronal fates and genes contributing to abnormal corticogenesis. Knockdown of one STAU2 target, Taf13, previously linked to microcephaly and impaired myelination, reduced oligodendrogenesis in vitro. We conclude that STAU2 contributes to the timing of corticogenesis by binding and delivering complex and temporally regulated RNA cargo into IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chowdhury
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Susan K Goderie
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Francis Doyle
- Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Scott A Tenenbaum
- Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Gretchen Kusek
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Thomas R Kiehl
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nathan C Boles
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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15
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Sutter PA, Rouillard ME, Alshawi SA, Crocker SJ. Extracellular matrix influences astrocytic extracellular vesicle function in wound repair. Brain Res 2021; 1763:147462. [PMID: 33811843 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytic injury responses are known to be influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Astrocytes are also recognized as a source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can impact the activity and function of other astrocytes and cell types. Whether the ECM influences the function of astrocytic EVs in the context of wound recovery has not been previously studied. We report EVs from astrocytes cultured on varied ECM substrates are sufficient to elicit distinct injury responses in naive astrocytes that recapitulate the effects of the ECM of origin. When compared with wound recovery on control substrates, EVs from ECM-exposed astrocytes elicited accelerated rates of wound recovery that varied based on each ECM. When EVs were collected from IL-1β treated and ECM-exposed astrocyte cultures, we found that IL-1β arrested wound recovery in naive astrocytes treated with EVs from astrocytes cultured on ECM but adding EVs from IL-1β treated Tenascin-c-cultured astrocytes increased wound recovery. To confirm that ECM was a primary influence on these astrocytic EV functions, we tested the contribution of β1-integrin, a major integrin receptor for the ECM molecules tested in this study. We found that the β1-integrin inhibitor Ha2/5, resulted in EVs that significantly attenuated the wound recovery of naive astrocytes. This provides new information on the importance of culture substrates on astrocytic responses, EV functions and injury responses that may impact the understanding of astroglial responses related to ECM compositional differences in diverse physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A Sutter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Megan E Rouillard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Sarah A Alshawi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States.
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16
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Song J, Gerwien H, Chuquisana O, Chashchina A, Denz C, Sorokin L. The endothelial basement membrane acts as a checkpoint for entry of pathogenic T cells into the brain. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151744. [PMID: 32379272 PMCID: PMC7336306 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell basement membrane (BM) is a barrier to migrating leukocytes and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence extravasating cells. Using mice lacking the major endothelial BM components, laminin 411 or 511, in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that loss of endothelial laminin 511 results in enhanced disease severity due to increased T cell infiltration and altered polarization and pathogenicity of infiltrating T cells. In vitro adhesion and migration assays reveal higher binding to laminin 511 than laminin 411 but faster migration across laminin 411. In vivo and in vitro analyses suggest that integrin α6β1- and αvβ1-mediated binding to laminin 511-high sites not only holds T cells at such sites but also limits their differentiation to pathogenic Th17 cells. This highlights the importance of the interface between the endothelial monolayer and the underlying BM for modulation of immune cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hanna Gerwien
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Omar Chuquisana
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anna Chashchina
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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17
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Cell-to-Cell Adhesion and Neurogenesis in Human Cortical Development: A Study Comparing 2D Monolayers with 3D Organoid Cultures. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:264-280. [PMID: 33513360 PMCID: PMC7878838 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids (ORGs) are increasingly used as models of cerebral cortical development. Here, we compared transcriptome and cellular phenotypes between telencephalic ORGs and monolayers (MONs) generated in parallel from three biologically distinct induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Multiple readouts revealed increased proliferation in MONs, which was caused by increased integrin signaling. MONs also exhibited altered radial glia (RG) polarity and suppression of Notch signaling, as well as impaired generation of intermediate progenitors, outer RG, and cortical neurons, which were all partially reversed by reaggregation of dissociated cells. Network analyses revealed co-clustering of cell adhesion, Notch-related transcripts and their transcriptional regulators in a module strongly downregulated in MONs. The data suggest that ORGs, with respect to MONs, initiate more efficient Notch signaling in ventricular RG owing to preserved cell adhesion, resulting in subsequent generation of intermediate progenitors and outer RG, in a sequence that recapitulates the cortical ontogenetic process. Organoid’s radial glia cells engage efficient Notch signaling Monolayer hyperproliferation is due to increased integrin signaling Neurogenesis' arrest by cell dissociation is partially reversed with reaggregation
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18
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Xu J, Duan Z, Qi X, Ou Y, Guo X, Zi L, Wei Y, Liu H, Ma L, Li H, You C, Tian M. Injectable Gelatin Hydrogel Suppresses Inflammation and Enhances Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:785. [PMID: 32760708 PMCID: PMC7371925 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. However, there is no effective therapy method to improve its clinical outcomes to date. Here we report an injectable gelatin hydrogel that is capable of suppressing inflammation and enhancing functional recovery in a mouse model of ICH. Thiolated gelatin was synthesized by EDC chemistry and then the hydrogel was formed through Michael addition reaction between the thiolated gelatin and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, porosity, rheology, and cytotoxicity before evaluating in a mouse model of ICH. The in vivo study showed that the hydrogel injection into the ICH lesion reduced the neuron loss, attenuated the neurological deficit post-operation, and decreased the activation of the microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. More importantly, the pro-inflammatory M1 microglia/macrophages polarization was suppressed while the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype was promoted after the hydrogel injection. Besides, the hydrogel injection reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). Moreover, integrin β1 was confirmed up-regulated around the lesion that is positively correlated with the M2 microglia/macrophages. The related mechanism was proposed and discussed. Taken together, the injectable gelatin hydrogel suppressed the inflammation which might contribute to enhance the functional recovery of the ICH mouse, making it a promising application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Xu
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongxin Duan
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ou
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Zi
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao You
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Kuwar R, Wen X, Zhang N, Sun D. An integrin-binding array platform identifies α vβ 8 and α 5β 1 integrins on rat primary cortical neurons to support their survival and growth. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108729. [PMID: 32305448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are the major cell adhesion receptors expressed in almost all cell types connecting the extracellular matrix with cell cytoskeletons and transducing bi-directional signals across cell membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), integrins are pivotal for CNS cell migration, differentiation, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here we studied the effect of different integrin biding peptides for growth and development of primary cortical neurons in vitro. NEW METHOD Rat primary cortical neurons were cultured in an integrin-binding array platform, which contains immobilized varying short synthetic peptides that bind to 16 individual types of integrin on a 48-well cell culture plate. After cultured for 7 days, cells were fixed and processed for immunostaining with neuronal markers. The overall neuronal growth and neurite outgrowths were quantified. RESULTS We found that binding peptides for integrin αvβ8, α5β1 and α3β1 particularly the former two provided superior condition for neuronal growth, survival and maturation. Moreover, optimal neurite outgrowth was observed when neurons were cultured in 3-dimension using injectable hydrogel along with binding peptide for αvβ8 or α5β1 integrins. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD For primary neuronal culture, poly-D-lysine coating is conventional method to support cell attachment. Our study has demonstrated that selected integrin binding peptides provide greater support for the growth of cultured primary neurons. CONCLUSION These data suggest that integrin αvβ8 and α5β1 are conducive for survival, growth and maturation of primary cortical neurons. This information could be utilized in designing combinational biomaterial and cell-based therapy for neural regeneration following brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kuwar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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20
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Tilley DM, Lietz CB, Cedeno DL, Kelley CA, Li L, Vallejo R. Proteomic Modulation in the Dorsal Spinal Cord Following Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy in an In Vivo Neuropathic Pain Model. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:22-32. [PMID: 32157770 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides relief for patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain although its mechanism may not be as dependent on electrical interference as classically considered. Recent evidence has been growing regarding molecular changes that are induced by SCS as being a key player in reversing the pain process. Here, we observed the effect of SCS on altering protein expression in spinal cord tissue using a proteomic analysis approach. METHODS A microlead was epidurally implanted following induction of an animal neuropathic pain model. After the model was established, stimulation was applied for 72 hours continuously followed by tissue collection and proteomic analysis via tandem mass spectroscopy. Identified proteins were run through online data bases for protein identification and classification of biological processes. RESULTS A significant improvement in mechanical sensitivity was observed following 48 hours of SCS therapy. Proteomic analysis identified 5840 proteins, of which 155 were significantly affected by SCS. Gene ontology data bases indicated that a significant number of proteins were associated to stress response, oxidation/reduction, or extracellular matrix pathways. Additionally, many of the proteins identified also play a role in neuron-glial interactions and are involved in nociception. CONCLUSIONS The development of an injury unbalances the proteome of the local neural tissue, neurons, and glial cells, and shifts the proteomic profile to a pain producing state. This study demonstrates the reversal of the injury-induced proteomic state by applying conventional SCS therapy. Additional studies looking at variations in electrical parameters are needed to optimize SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Cedeno
- Lumbrera LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Stimgenics LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- Lumbrera LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Stimgenics LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,National Spine and Pain Center, Bloomington, IL, USA
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21
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Drobnik J, Pietrucha K, Janczar K, Polis L, Polis B, Safandowska M, Szymański J. Intra-cerebral implantation of a variety of collagenous scaffolds with nervous embryonic cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4758-4764. [PMID: 31772645 PMCID: PMC6862020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenous scaffolds provide good conditions for embryonic nerve cell growth. The aim of the current study was to assess the brains reaction to the implantation of 3D sponge-shaped scaffolds. These scaffolds consisted of collagen (Col) and Col with chondroitin sulphate, which is modified by carbodiimide, or Col crosslinked with dialdehyde cellulose. The current study also evaluated the expression of integrins α2 and β1 in embryonic nerve cells. Embryonic nerve cells were isolated from the brains of rat embryos. Acellular scaffolds, or scaffolds populated with embryonic nerve cells, were implanted into the rats brain. The fibers of all the implanted scaffolds remained intact and served as a template for cell infiltration. The implants induced minimal to moderate inflammatory responses and minimal glial scar formations. Immunohistochemical studies did not indicate any microtubule-associated protein 2 or glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells inside the scaffolds. Acellular and cell-populated scaffolds yielded similar responses in the brain. The expression of integrin α2 and β1 was observed in embryonic nervous cells. TC-I15, the integrin α2β1 inhibitor, was not demonstrated to modify cell entrapment within the collagenous scaffolds. All applied scaffolds were well tolerated by the tissue and were indicated to support blood vessel formation. Therefore, all tested biomaterials are recommended for further studies. Additional chemical modifications of the material are suggested to protect the seeded cells from apoptosis after implantation into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Drobnik
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pietrucha
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janczar
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lech Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Safandowska
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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22
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Gabriele S, Canali M, Lintas C, Sacco R, Tirindelli MC, Ricciardello A, Persico AM. Evidence that ITGB3 promoter variants increase serotonin blood levels by regulating platelet serotonin transporter trafficking. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1153-1161. [PMID: 30535103 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serotonin (5-HT) blood levels, the first biomarker identified in autism research, has been consistently found in 20-30% of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Hyperserotonemia is mainly due to greater 5-HT uptake into platelets, mediated by the 5-HT transporter (SERT) located at the platelet plasma membrane. The protein complex involved in platelet SERT trafficking and externalization includes integrin β3, the beta subunit of the platelet membrane adhesive GP IIb/IIIa. Integrin β3 is encoded by the ITGB3 gene, previously identified as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for 5-HT blood levels in ASD at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2317385. The present study aims to identify the functional ITGB3 gene variants contributing to hyperserotonemia. ITGB3 gene sequencing in 20 individuals selected on the basis of rs2317385 genotypes defined four haplotypes encompassing six SNPs located in the ITGB3 gene promoter region, all in linkage disequilibrium with rs2317385. Luciferase assays in two hematopoietic cell lines, K-562 and HEL 92.1.7, demonstrate that ITGB3 gene promoter activity is enhanced by the presence of the C allele at rs55827077 specifically during differentiation into megakaryocytes (P < 0.01), with modulatory effects by flanking SNPs. This same allele is strongly associated with (a) higher 5-HT blood levels in 176 autistic individuals (P < 0.001), (b) greater platelet integrin β3 protein expression (P < 0.05) and (c) enhanced SERT trafficking from the cytosol toward the platelet plasma membrane (P = 4.05 × 10-11). Our results support rs55827077 as the functional ITGB3 gene promoter variant contributing to elevated 5-HT blood levels in ASD and define a mechanistic chain of events linking ITGB3 to hyperserotonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabriele
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Canali
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
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23
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Smolders SMT, Kessels S, Vangansewinkel T, Rigo JM, Legendre P, Brône B. Microglia: Brain cells on the move. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101612. [PMID: 30954517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the biology of microglia - i.e. the fascinating immigrated resident immune cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent literature reviews have largely dealt with the plentiful functions of microglia in CNS homeostasis, development and pathology, and the influences of sex and the microbiome. In this review, the intriguing aspect of their physical plasticity during CNS development will get specific attention. Microglia move around (mobility) and reshape their processes (motility). Microglial migration into and inside the CNS is most prominent throughout development and consequently most of the data described in this review concern mobility and motility in the changing environment of the developing brain. Here, we first define microglia based on their highly specialized age- and region-dependent gene expression signature and associated functional heterogeneity. Next, we describe their origin, the migration route of immature microglial cells towards the CNS, the mechanisms underlying their invasion of the CNS, and their spatiotemporal localization and surveying behaviour inside the developing CNS. These processes are dependent on microglial mobility and motility which are determined by the microenvironment of the CNS. Therefore, we further zoom in on the changing environment during CNS development. We elaborate on the extracellular matrix and the respective integrin receptors on microglia and we discuss the purinergic and molecular signalling in microglial mobility. In the last section, we discuss the physiological and pathological functions of microglia in which mobility and motility are involved to stress the importance of microglial 'movement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marie-Thérèse Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium; INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Legendre
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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24
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Nirwane A, Yao Y. Laminins and their receptors in the CNS. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:283-306. [PMID: 30073746 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, an extracellular matrix protein, is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). By interacting with integrin and non-integrin receptors, laminin exerts a large variety of important functions in the CNS in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the existence of many laminin isoforms and their differential expression in various cell types in the CNS, the exact functions of each individual laminin molecule in CNS development and homeostasis remain largely unclear. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and biochemistry of laminins and their receptors. Next, the dynamic expression of laminins and their receptors in the CNS during both development and in adulthood is summarized in a cell-type-specific manner, which allows appreciation of their functional redundancy/compensation. Furthermore, we discuss the biological functions of laminins and their receptors in CNS development, blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, neurodegeneration, stroke, and neuroinflammation. Last, key challenges and potential future research directions are summarized and discussed. Our goals are to provide a synthetic review to stimulate future studies and promote the formation of new ideas/hypotheses and new lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
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25
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Wang D, Ba H, Li C, Zhao Q, Li C. Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Membrane Proteins of Antler Stem Cells Using Label-Free LC⁻MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3477. [PMID: 30400663 PMCID: PMC6275008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer antlers are unusual mammalian organs that can fully regenerate after annual shedding. Stem cells resident in the pedicle periosteum (PPCs) provide the main cell source for antler regeneration. Central to various cellular processes are plasma membrane proteins, but the expression of these proteins has not been well documented in antler regeneration. In the present study, plasma membrane proteins of PPCs and facial periosteal cells (FPCs) were analyzed using label-free liquid chromatography⁻mass spetrometry (LC⁻MS/MS). A total of 1739 proteins were identified. Of these proteins, 53 were found solely in the PPCs, 100 solely in the FPCs, and 1576 co-existed in both PPCs and FPCs; and 39 were significantly up-regulated in PPCs and 49 up-regulated in FPCs. In total, 226 gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched from the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Five clusters of biological processes from these GO terms comprised responses to external stimuli, signal transduction, membrane transport, regulation of tissue regeneration, and protein modification processes. Further studies are required to demonstrate the relevancy of these DEPs in antler stem cell biology and antler regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Chenguang Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Quanmin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- Department of Biology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China.
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26
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Segarra M, Aburto MR, Cop F, Llaó-Cid C, Härtl R, Damm M, Bethani I, Parrilla M, Husainie D, Schänzer A, Schlierbach H, Acker T, Mohr L, Torres-Masjoan L, Ritter M, Acker-Palmer A. Endothelial Dab1 signaling orchestrates neuro-glia-vessel communication in the central nervous system. Science 2018; 361:361/6404/eaao2861. [PMID: 30139844 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is controlled by the communication of neurons, glia, and vascular cells. We found that the neuronal guidance cue reelin possesses proangiogenic activities that ensure the communication of endothelial cells (ECs) with the glia to control neuronal migration and the establishment of the blood-brain barrier in the mouse brain. Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and Disabled1 (Dab1) expressed in ECs are required for vascularization of the retina and the cerebral cortex. Deletion of Dab1 in ECs leads to a reduced secretion of laminin-α4 and decreased activation of integrin-β1 in glial cells, which in turn control neuronal migration and barrier properties of the NVU. Thus, reelin signaling in the endothelium is an instructive and integrative cue essential for neuro-glia-vascular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Segarra
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria R Aburto
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Cop
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cecília Llaó-Cid
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ricarda Härtl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miriam Damm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Bethani
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Parrilla
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dewi Husainie
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schlierbach
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura Mohr
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laia Torres-Masjoan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mathias Ritter
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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27
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Yan X, Wu Y, Zhong F, Jiang Q, Zhou T, Guo Y, Yang X, Liang J, Joshua Liao D, Lan G. iTRAQ and PRM-based quantitative proteomics in T2DM-susceptible and -tolerant models of Bama mini-pig. Gene 2018; 675:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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29
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Merino P, Diaz A, Manrique LG, Cheng L, Yepes M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) promotes ezrin-mediated reorganization of the synaptic cytoskeleton in the ischemic brain. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9234-9247. [PMID: 29720403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic repair in the ischemic brain is a complex process that requires reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins that link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton and act as scaffolds for signaling transduction. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine proteinase that upon binding to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin on the cell surface and activates intracellular signaling pathways. Early studies indicate that uPA and uPAR expression increase during the recovery phase from an ischemic stroke and that uPA binding to uPAR promotes neurorepair in the ischemic brain. The in vitro and in vivo studies presented here show that either the release of neuronal uPA or treatment with recombinant uPA induces the local synthesis of ezrin in the synapse and the recruitment of β3-integrin to the postsynaptic density (PSD) of cerebral cortical neurons by a plasminogen-independent mechanism. We found that β3-integrin has a double effect on ezrin, inducing its recruitment to the PSD via the intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) and its subsequent activation by phosphorylation at Thr-567. Finally, our data indicate that by triggering the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in the postsynaptic terminal, active ezrin induces the recovery of dendritic spines and synapses that have been damaged by an acute ischemic stroke. In summary, our data show that uPA-uPAR binding promotes synaptic repair in the ischemic brain via ezrin-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in the postsynaptic terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Merino
- From the Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,the Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and
| | - Ariel Diaz
- From the Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,the Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and
| | - Luis Guillermo Manrique
- From the Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,the Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and
| | - Lihong Cheng
- From the Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,the Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and
| | - Manuel Yepes
- From the Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, .,the Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and.,the Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033
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30
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Que RA, Arulmoli J, Da Silva NA, Flanagan LA, Wang SW. Recombinant collagen scaffolds as substrates for human neural stem/progenitor cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1363-1372. [PMID: 29341434 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to the microenvironment profoundly affects stem cell functions, including proliferation and differentiation, and understanding the interaction of stem cells with the microenvironment is important for controlling their behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of the integrin binding epitopes GFOGER and IKVAV (natively present in collagen I and laminin, respectively) on human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs). To test the specificity of these epitopes, GFOGER or IKVAV were placed within the context of recombinant triple-helical collagen III engineered to be devoid of native integrin binding sites. HNSPCs adhered to collagen that presented GFOGER as the sole integrin-binding site, but not to IKVAV-containing collagen. For the GFOGER-containing collagens, antibodies against the β1 integrin subunit prevented cellular adhesion, antibodies against the α1 subunit reduced cell adhesion, and antibodies against α2 or α3 subunits had no significant effect. These results indicate that hNSPCs primarily interact with GFOGER through the α1β1 integrin heterodimer. These GFOGER-presenting collagen variants also supported differentiation of hNSPCs into neurons and astrocytes. Our findings show, for the first time, that hNSPCs can bind to the GFOGER sequence, and they provide motivation to develop hydrogels formed from recombinant collagen variants as a cell delivery scaffold. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1363-1372, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Que
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Janahan Arulmoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Nancy A Da Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Lisa A Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
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31
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Abstract
M13 bacteriophages have several qualities that make them attractive candidates as building blocks for tissue regenerating scaffold materials. Through genetic engineering, a high density of functional peptides and proteins can be simultaneously displayed on the M13 bacteriophage's outer coat proteins. The resulting phage can self-assemble into nanofibrous network structures and can guide the tissue morphogenesis through proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In this manuscript, we will describe methods to develop major coat-engineered M13 phages as a basic building block and aligned tissue-like matrices to develop regenerative nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Tshinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
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32
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Gao H, Danzi MC, Choi CS, Taherian M, Dalby-Hansen C, Ellman DG, Madsen PM, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Opposing Functions of Microglial and Macrophagic TNFR2 in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:198-212. [PMID: 28052249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is detrimental via activation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), whereas transmembrane TNF is beneficial primarily by activating TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Here, we investigate the role of TNFR2 in microglia and monocytes/macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by cell-specific gene targeting. We show that TNFR2 ablation in microglia leads to early onset of EAE with increased leukocyte infiltration, T cell activation, and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, TNFR2 ablation in monocytes/macrophages results in EAE suppression with impaired peripheral T cell activation and reduced CNS T cell infiltration and demyelination. Our work uncovers a dichotomy of function for TNFR2 in myeloid cells, with microglial TNFR2 providing protective signals to contain disease and monocyte/macrophagic TNFR2 driving immune activation and EAE initiation. This must be taken into account when targeting TNFR2 for therapeutic purposes in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt C Danzi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Mehran Taherian
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Camilla Dalby-Hansen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Ditte G Ellman
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Pernille M Madsen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kate L Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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33
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Lee JH, Warner CM, Jin HE, Barnes E, Poda AR, Perkins EJ, Lee SW. Production of tunable nanomaterials using hierarchically assembled bacteriophages. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1999-2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Meller J, Chen Z, Dudiki T, Cull RM, Murtazina R, Bal SK, Pluskota E, Stefl S, Plow EF, Trapp BD, Byzova TV. Integrin-Kindlin3 requirements for microglial motility in vivo are distinct from those for macrophages. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93002. [PMID: 28570266 PMCID: PMC5453700 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in the development and homeostasis of the CNS. While mobilization of microglia is critical for a number of pathologies, understanding of the mechanisms of their migration in vivo is limited and often based on similarities to macrophages. Kindlin3 deficiency as well as Kindlin3 mutations of integrin-binding sites abolish both integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling in microglia, thereby resulting in severe deficiencies in cell adhesion, polarization, and migration in vitro, which are similar to the defects observed in macrophages. In contrast, while Kindlin3 mutations impaired macrophage mobilization in vivo, they had no effect either on the population of microglia in the CNS during development or on mobilization of microglia and subsequent microgliosis in a model of multiple sclerosis. At the same time, acute microglial response to laser-induced injury was impaired by the lack of Kindlin3-integrin interactions. Based on 2-photon imaging of microglia in the brain, Kindlin3 is required for elongation of microglial processes toward the injury site and formation of phagosomes in response to brain injury. Thus, while Kindlin3 deficiency in human subjects is not expected to diminish the presence of microglia within CNS, it might delay the recovery process after injury, thereby exacerbating its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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35
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Smolders SMT, Swinnen N, Kessels S, Arnauts K, Smolders S, Le Bras B, Rigo JM, Legendre P, Brône B. Age-specific function of α5β1 integrin in microglial migration during early colonization of the developing mouse cortex. Glia 2017; 65:1072-1088. [PMID: 28417486 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, take part in brain development and homeostasis. They derive from primitive myeloid progenitors that originate in the yolk sac and colonize the brain mainly through intensive migration. During development, microglial migration speed declines which suggests that their interaction with the microenvironment changes. However, the matrix-cell interactions allowing dispersion within the parenchyma are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to better characterize the migration behavior and to assess the role of matrix-integrin interactions during microglial migration in the embryonic brain ex vivo. We focused on microglia-fibronectin interactions mediated through the fibronectin receptor α5β1 integrin because in vitro work indirectly suggested a role for this ligand-receptor pair. Using 2-photon time-lapse microscopy on acute ex vivo embryonic brain slices, we found that migration occurs in a saltatory pattern and is developmentally regulated. Most importantly, there is an age-specific function of the α5β1 integrin during microglial cortex colonization. At embryonic day (E) 13.5, α5β1 facilitates migration while from E15.5, it inhibits migration. These results indicate a developmentally regulated function of α5β1 integrin in microglial migration during colonization of the embryonic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marie-Thérèse Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,INSERM, UMR_S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Silke Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuronal Differentiation, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven and Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Le Bras
- INSERM, UMR_S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Legendre
- INSERM, UMR_S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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36
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Conant K, Daniele S, Bozzelli PL, Abdi T, Edwards A, Szklarczyk A, Olchefske I, Ottenheimer D, Maguire-Zeiss K. Matrix metalloproteinase activity stimulates N-cadherin shedding and the soluble N-cadherin ectodomain promotes classical microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:56. [PMID: 28302163 PMCID: PMC5356362 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that are typically released from intracellular stores to act on specific extracellular substrates. MMP expression and activity can be increased in a neuronal activity-dependent manner, and further increased in response to tissue injury. MMP substrates include cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that are abundantly expressed in the brain and well positioned for membrane proximal cleavage. Importantly, CAM integrity is important to synaptic structure and axon-myelin interactions, and shed ectodomains may themselves influence cellular function. METHODS In the present study, we have examined proteolysis of N-cadherin (N-cdh) by MMP-7, a family member that has been implicated in disorders including HIV dementia, multiple sclerosis, and major depression. With in vitro digest assays, we tested N-cdh cleavage by increasing concentrations of recombinant enzyme. We also tested MMP-7 for its potential to stimulate N-cdh shedding from cultured neural cells. Since select CAM ectodomains may interact with cell surface receptors that are expressed on microglial cells, we subsequently tested the N-cdh ectodomain for its ability to stimulate activation of this cell type as determined by nuclear translocation of NF-κB, Iba-1 expression, and TNF-α release. RESULTS We observed that soluble N-cdh increased Iba-1 levels in microglial lysates, and also increased microglial release of the cytokine TNF-α. Effects were associated with increased NF-κB immunoreactivity in microglial nuclei and diminished by an inhibitor of the toll-like receptor adaptor protein, MyD88. CONCLUSIONS Together, these in vitro results suggest that soluble N-cdh may represent a novel effector of microglial activation, and that disorders with increased MMP levels may stimulate a cycle in which the products of excess proteolysis further exacerbate microglial-mediated tissue injury. Additional in vivo studies are warranted to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Stefano Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - P. Lorenzo Bozzelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Tsion Abdi
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Amanda Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - India Olchefske
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - David Ottenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kathleen Maguire-Zeiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
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Arulmoli J, Wright HJ, Phan DTT, Sheth U, Que RA, Botten GA, Keating M, Botvinick EL, Pathak MM, Zarembinski TI, Yanni DS, Razorenova OV, Hughes CCW, Flanagan LA. Combination scaffolds of salmon fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and laminin for human neural stem cell and vascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 43:122-138. [PMID: 27475528 PMCID: PMC5386322 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs) are good candidates for treating central nervous system (CNS) trauma since they secrete beneficial trophic factors and differentiate into mature CNS cells; however, many cells die after transplantation. This cell death can be ameliorated by inclusion of a biomaterial scaffold, making identification of optimal scaffolds for hNSPCs a critical research focus. We investigated the properties of fibrin-based scaffolds and their effects on hNSPCs and found that fibrin generated from salmon fibrinogen and thrombin stimulates greater hNSPC proliferation than mammalian fibrin. Fibrin scaffolds degrade over the course of a few days in vivo, so we sought to develop a novel scaffold that would retain the beneficial properties of fibrin but degrade more slowly to provide longer support for hNSPCs. We found combination scaffolds of salmon fibrin with interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) with and without laminin polymerize more effectively than fibrin alone and generate compliant hydrogels matching the physical properties of brain tissue. Furthermore, combination scaffolds support hNSPC proliferation and differentiation while significantly attenuating the cell-mediated degradation seen with fibrin alone. HNSPCs express two fibrinogen-binding integrins, αVβ1 and α5β1, and several laminin binding integrins (α7β1, α6β1, α3β1) that can mediate interaction with the scaffold. Lastly, to test the ability of scaffolds to support vascularization, we analyzed human cord blood-derived endothelial cells alone and in co-culture with hNSPCs and found enhanced vessel formation and complexity in co-cultures within combination scaffolds. Overall, combination scaffolds of fibrin, HA, and laminin are excellent biomaterials for hNSPCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Interest has increased recently in the development of biomaterials as neural stem cell transplantation scaffolds to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury since scaffolds improve survival and integration of transplanted cells. We report here on a novel combination scaffold composed of fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and laminin to support human neural stem/progenitor cell (hNSPC) function. This combined biomaterial scaffold has appropriate physical properties for hNSPCs and the CNS, supports hNSPC proliferation and differentiation, and attenuates rapid cell-mediated scaffold degradation. The hNSPCs and scaffold components synergistically encourage new vessel formation from human endothelial cells. This work marks the first report of a combination scaffold supporting human neural and vascular cells to encourage vasculogenesis, and sets a benchmark for biomaterials to treat CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janahan Arulmoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Heather J Wright
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Duc T T Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Urmi Sheth
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Richard A Que
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Giovanni A Botten
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Keating
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elliot L Botvinick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Yanni
- Disc Comfort, Inc., 351 Hospital Road, Suite 202, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA
| | - Olga V Razorenova
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lisa A Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Carter C. The barrier, airway particle clearance, placental and detoxification functions of autism susceptibility genes. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Stanic K, Saldivia N, Förstera B, Torrejón M, Montecinos H, Caprile T. Expression Patterns of Extracellular Matrix Proteins during Posterior Commissure Development. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:89. [PMID: 27733818 PMCID: PMC5039192 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are pivotal for central nervous system (CNS) development, facilitating cell migration, axonal growth, myelination, dendritic spine formation, and synaptic plasticity, among other processes. During axon guidance, the ECM not only acts as a permissive or non-permissive substrate for navigating axons, but also modulates the effects of classical guidance cues, such as netrin or Eph/ephrin family members. Despite being highly important, little is known about the expression of ECM molecules during CNS development. Therefore, this study assessed the molecular expression patterns of tenascin, HNK-1, laminin, fibronectin, perlecan, decorin, and osteopontin along chick embryo prosomere 1 during posterior commissure development. The posterior commissure is the first transversal axonal tract of the embryonic vertebrate brain. Located in the dorso-caudal portion of prosomere 1, posterior commissure axons primarily arise from the neurons of basal pretectal nuclei that run dorsally to the roof plate midline, where some turn toward the ipsilateral side. Expressional analysis of ECM molecules in this area these revealed to be highly arranged, and molecule interactions with axon fascicles suggested involvement in processes other than structural support. In particular, tenascin and the HNK-1 epitope extended in ventro-dorsal columns and enclosed axons during navigation to the roof plate. Laminin and osteopontin were expressed in the midline, very close to axons that at this point must decide between extending to the contralateral side or turning to the ipsilateral side. Finally, fibronectin, decorin, and perlecan appeared unrelated to axonal pathfinding in this region and were instead restricted to the external limiting membrane. In summary, the present report provides evidence for an intricate expression of different extracellular molecules that may cooperate in guiding posterior commissure axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Stanic
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Saldivia
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Benjamín Förstera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Hernán Montecinos
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción Concepción, Chile
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Lee SH, Sud N, Lee N, Subramaniyam S, Chung CY. Regulation of Integrin α6 Recycling by Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) to Promote Microglia Chemotaxis on Laminin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23645-23653. [PMID: 27655917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells that are activated in response to pathological changes in the central nervous system. Microglial activation is accompanied by the alteration of integrin expression on the microglia surface. However, changes of integrin expression upon chemoattractant (ADP) stimulation still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether ADP induces the alteration of integrin species on the cell surface, leading to changes in chemotactic ability on different extracellular matrix proteins. Flow cytometry scans and on-cell Western assays showed that ADP stimulation induced a significant increase of α6 integrin-GFP, but not α5, on the surface of microglia cells. Microglia also showed a greater motility increase on laminin than fibronectin after ADP stimulation. Time lapse microscopy and integrin endocytosis assay revealed the essential role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity for the recycling of α6 integrin-GFP from the endosomal recycling complex to the plasma membrane. Lack of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity caused a reduced rate of focal adhesion formation on laminin at the leading edge. Our results suggest that the alteration of integrin-mediated adhesion may regulate the extent of microglial infiltration into the site of damage by controlling their chemotactic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600.,Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea, and
| | - Neetu Sud
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600
| | - Narae Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600
| | - Selvaraj Subramaniyam
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang Y Chung
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Sepulveda-Diaz JE, Ouidja MO, Socias SB, Hamadat S, Guerreiro S, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP. A simplified approach for efficient isolation of functional microglial cells: Application for modeling neuroinflammatory responsesin vitro. Glia 2016; 64:1912-24. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Sepulveda-Diaz
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
| | - Mohand O. Ouidja
- Laboratoire Croissance, Régénération, Réparation Et Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET)/EAC CNRS 7149, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Est; Créteil France
| | - Sergio B. Socias
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
- Facultad De Bioquímica, Química Y Farmacia (UNT), Instituto Superior De Investigaciones Biológicas, INSIBIO (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto De Química Biológica “Dr Bernabé Bloj,”; Tucumán Argentina
| | - Sabah Hamadat
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
| | - Serge Guerreiro
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
| | - Patrick P. Michel
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte De Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut Du Cerveau Et De La Moelle Epinière, ICM; Paris France
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Tharmalingam S, Hampson DR. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Integrins in Cellular Differentiation and Migration. Front Physiol 2016; 7:190. [PMID: 27303307 PMCID: PMC4880553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a widely expressed homodimeric G-protein coupled receptor structurally related to the metabotropic glutamate receptors and GPRC6A. In addition to its well characterized role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and regulating parathyroid hormone release, evidence has accumulated linking the CaSR with cellular differentiation and migration, brain development, stem cell engraftment, wound healing, and tumor growth and metastasis. Elevated expression of the CaSR in aggressive metastatic tumors has been suggested as a potential novel prognostic marker for predicting metastasis, especially to bone tissue where extracellular calcium concentrations may be sufficiently high to activate the receptor. Recent evidence supports a model whereby CaSR-mediated activation of integrins promotes cellular migration. Integrins are single transmembrane spanning heterodimeric adhesion receptors that mediate cell migration by binding to extracellular matrix proteins. The CaSR has been shown to form signaling complexes with the integrins to facilitate both the movement and differentiation of cells, such as neurons during normal brain development and tumor cells under pathological circumstances. Thus, CaSR/integrin complexes may function as a universal cell migration or homing complex. Manipulation of this complex may be of potential interest for treating metastatic cancers, and for developmental disorders pertaining to aberrant neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Hampson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Zhang F, Nance E, Alnasser Y, Kannan R, Kannan S. Microglial migration and interactions with dendrimer nanoparticles are altered in the presence of neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:65. [PMID: 27004516 PMCID: PMC4802843 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial cells have been implicated in neuroinflammation-mediated injury in the brain, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) and autism. Pro-inflammatory activation of microglial cells results in the impairment of their neuroprotective functions, leading to an exaggerated, ongoing immune dysregulation that can persist long after the initial insult. We have previously shown that dendrimer-mediated delivery of an anti-inflammatory agent can attenuate inflammation in a rabbit model of maternal inflammation-induced CP and significantly improve the motor phenotype, due to the ability of the dendrimer to selectively localize in activated microglia. Methods To elucidate the interactions between dendrimers and microglia, we created an organotypic whole-hemisphere brain slice culture model from newborn rabbits with and without exposure to inflammation in utero. We then used this model to analyze the dynamics of microglial migration and their interactions with dendrimers in the presence of neuroinflammation. Results Microglial cells in animals with CP had an amoeboid morphology and impaired cell migration, demonstrated by decreased migration distance and velocity when compared to cells in healthy, age-matched controls. However, this decreased migration was associated with a greater, more rapid dendrimer uptake compared to microglial cells from healthy controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates that maternal intrauterine inflammation is associated with impaired microglial function and movement in the newborn brain. This microglial impairment may play a role in the development of ongoing brain injury and CP in the offspring. Increased uptake of dendrimers by the “impaired” microglia can be exploited to deliver drugs specifically to these cells and modulate their functions. Host tissue and target cell characteristics are important aspects to be considered in the design and evaluation of targeted dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics for improved and sustained efficacy. This ex vivo model also provides a rapid screening tool for evaluation of the effects of various therapies on microglial function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0529-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yossef Alnasser
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Hugo Moser Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Hugo Moser Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Asri A, Sabour J, Atashi A, Soleimani M. Homing in hematopoietic stem cells: focus on regulatory role of CXCR7 on SDF1a/CXCR4 axis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:134-43. [PMID: 27092040 PMCID: PMC4827072 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) form a rare population of multipotent stem cells, which give rise to all hematopoietic lineages. HSCs home to bone marrow niches and circulate between blood and bone marrow. Many factors, especially SDF1a, affect the circulation of HSCs, but these have not been fully recognized. SDF1a has been shown to bind CXCR7 in addition to CXCR4 and can also function as SDF1a/CXCR4 modulator. CXCR7 plays a role in HSCs homing via SDF1a gradient and is a mediator of CXCR4/SDF1a axis. This review describes the current concepts and questions concerning CXCR7/CXCR4/SDF1a axis as an important key in hematopoietic stem cells homing with particular emphasis on CXCR7 receptor. Homing of HSCs is an essential step for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Asri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sabour
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Pramparo T, Lombardo MV, Campbell K, Barnes CC, Marinero S, Solso S, Young J, Mayo M, Dale A, Ahrens-Barbeau C, Murray SS, Lopez L, Lewis N, Pierce K, Courchesne E. Cell cycle networks link gene expression dysregulation, mutation, and brain maldevelopment in autistic toddlers. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:841. [PMID: 26668231 PMCID: PMC4704485 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms underlying abnormal early neural development in toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remain uncertain due to the impossibility of direct brain gene expression measurement during critical periods of early development. Recent findings from a multi‐tissue study demonstrated high expression of many of the same gene networks between blood and brain tissues, in particular with cell cycle functions. We explored relationships between blood gene expression and total brain volume (TBV) in 142 ASD and control male toddlers. In control toddlers, TBV variation significantly correlated with cell cycle and protein folding gene networks, potentially impacting neuron number and synapse development. In ASD toddlers, their correlations with brain size were lost as a result of considerable changes in network organization, while cell adhesion gene networks significantly correlated with TBV variation. Cell cycle networks detected in blood are highly preserved in the human brain and are upregulated during prenatal states of development. Overall, alterations were more pronounced in bigger brains. We identified 23 candidate genes for brain maldevelopment linked to 32 genes frequently mutated in ASD. The integrated network includes genes that are dysregulated in leukocyte and/or postmortem brain tissue of ASD subjects and belong to signaling pathways regulating cell cycle G1/S and G2/M phase transition. Finally, analyses of the CHD8 subnetwork and altered transcript levels from an independent study of CHD8 suppression further confirmed the central role of genes regulating neurogenesis and cell adhesion processes in ASD brain maldevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Pramparo
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Carter Barnes
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Marinero
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Solso
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia Young
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maisi Mayo
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah S Murray
- Scripps Genomic Medicine & The Scripps Translational Sciences Institute (STSI), La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda Lopez
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the UCSD School of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mazalouskas M, Jessen T, Varney S, Sutcliffe JS, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Cook EH, Carneiro AMD. Integrin β3 Haploinsufficiency Modulates Serotonin Transport and Antidepressant-Sensitive Behavior in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2015-24. [PMID: 25684064 PMCID: PMC4839525 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence have identified genetic interactions between the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene and ITGB3, which encodes the β3 subunit that forms the αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 integrin receptor complexes. Here we examine the consequences of haploinsufficiency in the mouse integrin β3 subunit gene (Itgb3) on SERT function and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effectiveness in vivo. Biochemical fractionation studies and immunofluorescent staining of murine brain slices reveal that αvβ3 receptors and SERTs are enriched in presynaptic membranes from several brain regions and that αvβ3 colocalizes with a subpopulation of SERT-containing synapses in raphe nuclei. Notably, we establish that loss of a single allele of Itgb3 in murine neurons is sufficient to decrease 5-HT uptake by SERT in midbrain synaptosomes. Pharmacological assays to elucidate the αvβ3-mediated mechanism of reduced SERT function indicate that decreased integrin β3 subunit expression scales down the population size of active SERT molecules and, as a consequence, lowers the effective dose of SSRIs. These data are consistent with the existence of a subpopulation of SERTs that are tightly modulated by integrin αvβ3 and significantly contribute to global SERT function at 5-HT synapses in the midbrain. Importantly, our screen of a normal human population for single nucleotide polymorphisms in human ITGB3 identified a variant associated with reductions in integrin β3 expression levels that parallel our mouse findings. Thus, polymorphisms in human ITGB3 may contribute to the differential responsiveness of select patients to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazalouskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tammy Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth Varney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James S Sutcliffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana M D Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 461 Preston Research Building, 23rd Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Tel: +1 615 875 5635, Fax: 615-343-1084, E-mail:
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Johnson KM, Milner R, Crocker SJ. Extracellular matrix composition determines astrocyte responses to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:104-9. [PMID: 26067407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes perform critical homeostatic physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and are robustly responsive to injury, inflammation, or infection. We hypothesized that the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are known to vary during development and in response to disease, determine astrocytic responses to injury and inflammation. We examined the response of primary astrocyte cultures grown on different ECM proteins to a mechanical wound (i.e., scratch). ECM substrates selected were laminin (Ln), vitronectin (Vn), fibronectin (Fn) or Tenascin C (TnC). We found that regrowth of the scratch wound was ECM dependent: recovery was arrested on fibronectin (Fn), almost complete on either Vn, Ln, or TnC. To determine whether ECM responses were also influenced by inflammation, we treated ECM plated cultures with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We found that IL-1β arrested astrocyte growth on Ln, accelerated astrocyte growth on Fn and had no significant effect on astrocyte growth on TnC or Vn. We also determined that blocking β1integrins, the major class of receptors for all ECM proteins tested, prevented the robust response of astrocytes exposed to TnC, Ln and Vn, and also inhibited the robust effect of IL-1β to stimulate astrocyte growth on Fn. In addition, we evaluated downstream targets of integrin signaling, specifically the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and determined that activation of this pathway contributed to the response of astrocytes grown on TnC, but not on Ln, Vn or Fn. These findings provide new insights into the role of ECM as a source of heterogeneity of glial responses that may have important implications for neuropathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience,University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- Department of Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience,University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Radice PD, Mathieu P, Leal MC, Farías MI, Ferrari C, Puntel M, Salibe M, Chernomoretz A, Pitossi FJ. Fibulin-2 is a key mediator of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on adult neural stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:75-83. [PMID: 26051800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to have pro-neurogenic effects on adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSC) from the dentate gyrus and in vivo models. Here, we expanded the observation of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on aNSC from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats and performed a functional genomic analysis to identify candidate genes to mediate its effect. 10 candidate genes were identified by microarray analysis and further validated by qRT-PCR. Of these, Fibulin-2 was increased 477-fold and its inhibition by siRNA blocks TGF-beta1 pro-neurogenic effect. Curiously, Fibulin-2 was not expressed by aNSC but by a GFAP-positive population in the culture, suggesting an indirect mechanism of action. TGF-beta1 also induced Fibulin-2 in the SVZ in vivo. Interestingly, 5 out of the 10 candidate genes identified are known to interact with integrins, paving the way for exploring their functional role in adult neurogenesis. In conclusion, we have identified 10 genes with putative pro-neurogenic effects, 5 of them related to integrins and provided proof that Fibulin-2 is a major mediator of the pro-neurogenic effects of TGF-beta1. These data should contribute to further exploring the molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis of the genes identified and the involvement of the integrin pathway on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Daniel Radice
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Mathieu
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Leal
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farías
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Ferrari
- Italian Hospital, Juan D. Perón 4190, 1181 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Salibe
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Chernomoretz
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Juan Pitossi
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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49
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β1-Integrin alters ependymal stem cell BMP receptor localization and attenuates astrogliosis after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2015; 35:3725-33. [PMID: 25740503 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4546-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major impediment to functional recovery. More than half of new astrocytes generated after SCI are derived from ependymal zone stem cells (EZCs). We demonstrate that expression of β1-integrin increases in EZCs following SCI in mice. Conditional knock-out of β1-integrin increases GFAP expression and astrocytic differentiation by cultured EZCs without altering oligodendroglial or neuronal differentiation. Ablation of β1-integrin from EZCs in vivo reduced the number of EZC progeny that continued to express stem cell markers after SCI, increased the proportion of EZC progeny that differentiated into GFAP+ astrocytes, and diminished functional recovery. Loss of β1-integrin increased SMAD1/5/8 and p38 signaling, suggesting activation of BMP signaling. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that β1-integrin directly interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein receptor subunits BMPR1a and BMPR1b. Ablation of β1-integrin reduced overall levels of BMP receptors but significantly increased partitioning of BMPR1b into lipid rafts with increased SMAD1/5/8 and p38 signaling. Thus β1-integrin expression by EZCs reduces movement of BMPR1b into lipid rafts, thereby limiting the known deleterious effects of BMPR1b signaling on glial scar formation after SCI.
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Grevesse T, Dabiri BE, Parker KK, Gabriele S. Opposite rheological properties of neuronal microcompartments predict axonal vulnerability in brain injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9475. [PMID: 25820512 PMCID: PMC4377573 DOI: 10.1038/srep09475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pathological changes in axonal morphology have emerged as important features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanical vulnerability of the axonal microcompartment relative to the cell body is not well understood. We hypothesized that soma and neurite microcompartments exhibit distinct mechanical behaviors, rendering axons more sensitive to a mechanical injury. In order to test this assumption, we combined protein micropatterns with magnetic tweezer rheology to probe the viscoelastic properties of neuronal microcompartments. Creep experiments revealed two opposite rheological behaviors within cortical neurons: the cell body was soft and characterized by a solid-like response, whereas the neurite compartment was stiffer and viscous-like. By using pharmacological agents, we demonstrated that the nucleus is responsible for the solid-like behavior and the stress-stiffening response of the soma, whereas neurofilaments have a predominant contribution in the viscous behavior of the neurite. Furthermore, we found that the neurite is a mechanosensitive compartment that becomes softer and adopts a pronounced viscous state on soft matrices. Together, these findings highlight the importance of the regionalization of mechanical and rigidity-sensing properties within neuron microcompartments in the preferential damage of axons during traumatic brain injury and into potential mechanisms of axonal outgrowth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grevesse
- Mechanobiology &Soft Matter Group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Borna E Dabiri
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- Mechanobiology &Soft Matter Group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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