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Davleeva MA, Garifulin RR, Bashirov FV, Izmailov AA, Nurullin LF, Salafutdinov II, Gatina DZ, Shcherbinin DN, Lysenko AA, Tutykhina IL, Shmarov MM, Islamov RR. Molecular and cellular changes in the post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling after autoinfusion of a genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate in a mini-pig model. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1505-1511. [PMID: 36571355 PMCID: PMC10075125 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling includes both degenerating and regenerating processes, which affect the potency of the functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Gene therapy for spinal cord injury is proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy to induce positive changes in remodeling of the affected neural tissue. In our previous studies for delivering the therapeutic genes at the site of spinal cord injury, we developed a new approach using an autologous leucoconcentrate transduced ex vivo with chimeric adenoviruses (Ad5/35) carrying recombinant cDNA. In the present study, the efficacy of the intravenous infusion of an autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate simultaneously producing recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was evaluated with regard to the molecular and cellular changes in remodeling of the spinal cord tissue at the site of damage in a model of mini-pigs with moderate spinal cord injury. Experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups of 4 pigs each: the therapeutic (infused with the leucoconcentrate simultaneously transduced with a combination of the three chimeric adenoviral vectors Ad5/35-VEGF165, Ad5/35-GDNF, and Ad5/35-NCAM1) and control groups (infused with intact leucoconcentrate). The morphometric and immunofluorescence analysis of the spinal cord regeneration in the rostral and caudal segments according to the epicenter of the injury in the treated animals compared to the control mini-pigs showed: (1) higher sparing of the grey matter and increased survivability of the spinal cord cells (lower number of Caspase-3-positive cells and decreased expression of Hsp27); (2) recovery of synaptophysin expression; (3) prevention of astrogliosis (lower area of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1-positive microglial cells); (4) higher growth rates of regenerating βIII-tubulin-positive axons accompanied by a higher number of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2-positive oligodendroglial cells in the lateral corticospinal tract region. These results revealed the efficacy of intravenous infusion of the autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate producing recombinant VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM in the acute phase of spinal cord injury on the positive changes in the post-traumatic remodeling nervous tissue at the site of direct injury. Our data provide a solid platform for a new ex vivo gene therapy for spinal cord injury and will facilitate further translation of regenerative therapies in clinical neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leniz Faritovich Nurullin
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilnur Ildusovich Salafutdinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Dmitrij Nikolaevich Shcherbinin
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Aleksandrovich Lysenko
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Leonidovna Tutykhina
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim Mikhailovich Shmarov
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Park J, Farmer M, Casson C, Kalashnikova I, Kolpek D. Therapeutic Potential of Combinative shRNA-Encoded Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Silencing to Accelerate Somatosensory Recovery After Spinal Cord Trauma. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:564-577. [PMID: 36401079 PMCID: PMC10121969 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult problem that affects more than 80% of SCI patients. Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammatory responses play a key role in neuropathic pain after SCI. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference is an efficient tool for the knockdown of disease-related specific gene expression after SCI, yet insufficient data is available to establish guidelines. In this study, we have constructed the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) shRNA encoded-lentiviral vector (LV-shTRPA1) and P38 MAPK shRNA encoded-lentiviral vector (LV-shP38) to investigate the silencing effects of shRNAs and their ability to reprogram the neuroinflammatory responses, thereby enhancing somatosensory recovery after SCI. Our in vitro data employing HEK293-FT and activated macrophages demonstrated that delivered LV-shRNAs showed high transduction efficacy with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a combination of LV-shP38 and LV-shTRPA1 was found to be most effective at suppressing target genes, cutting the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive factors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, thus contributing to the alleviation of neuronal hypersensitivities after SCI. Overall, our data demonstrated that the combination LV-shP38/shTRPA1 produced a synergistic effect for immunomodulation and reduced neuropathic pain with a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio. Collectively, our LV-mediated shRNA delivery will provide an efficient tool for gene silencing therapeutic approaches to treat various incurable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyuck Park
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Matthew Farmer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Camara Casson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Irina Kalashnikova
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Daniel Kolpek
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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Sosnovtseva AO, Stepanova OV, Stepanenko AA, Voronova AD, Chadin AV, Valikhov MP, Chekhonin VP. Recombinant Adenoviruses for Delivery of Therapeutics Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777628. [PMID: 35082666 PMCID: PMC8784517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of nerve tissue after spinal cord injury is a complex and poorly understood process. Medication and surgery are not very effective treatments for patients with spinal cord injuries. Gene therapy is a popular approach for the treatment of such patients. The delivery of therapeutic genes is carried out in a variety of ways, such as direct injection of therapeutic vectors at the site of injury, retrograde delivery of vectors, and ex vivo therapy using various cells. Recombinant adenoviruses are often used as vectors for gene transfer. This review discusses the advantages, limitations and prospects of adenovectors in spinal cord injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia O Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Stepanova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Voronova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Chadin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Ciciriello AJ, Smith DR, Munsell MK, Boyd SJ, Shea LD, Dumont CM. IL-10 lentivirus-laden hydrogel tubes increase spinal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation after spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2609-2625. [PMID: 33835500 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A complex cellular cascade characterizes the pathophysiological response following spinal cord injury (SCI) limiting regeneration. Biomaterial and stem cell combination therapies together have shown synergistic effects, compared to the independent benefits of each intervention, and represent a promising approach towards regaining function after injury. In this study, we combine our polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell delivery platform with lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 to improve mouse embryonic Day 14 (E14) spinal progenitor transplant survival. Immediately following injury in a mouse SCI hemisection model, five PEG tubes were implanted followed by direct injection into the tubes of lentivirus encoding for IL-10. Two weeks after tube implantation, mouse E14 spinal progenitors were injected directly into the integrated tubes, which served as a soft substrate for cell transplantation. Together, the tubes with the IL-10 encoding lentivirus improved E14 spinal progenitor survival, assessed at 2 weeks posttransplantation (4 weeks postinjury). On average, 8.1% of E14 spinal progenitors survived in mice receiving IL-10 lentivirus-laden tubes compared with 0.7% in mice receiving transplants without tubes, an 11.5-fold difference. Surviving E14 spinal progenitors gave rise to neurons when injected into tubes. Axon elongation and remyelination were observed, in addition to a significant increase in functional recovery in mice receiving IL-10 lentivirus-laden tubes with E14 spinal progenitor delivery compared to the injury only control by 4 weeks postinjury. All other conditions did not exhibit increased stepping until 8 or 12 weeks postinjury. This system affords increased control over the transplantation microenvironment, offering the potential to improve stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dominique R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary K Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney J Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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5
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Markosyan V, Safiullov Z, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Sokolov M, Kuznetsov M, Trofimov D, Kim E, Kundakchyan G, Gibadullin A, Salafutdinov I, Nurullin L, Bashirov F, Islamov R. Preventive Triple Gene Therapy Reduces the Negative Consequences of Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury after Modelling Stroke in a Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186858. [PMID: 32962079 PMCID: PMC7558841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main fundamental and clinical interest for stroke therapy is focused on developing a neuroprotective treatment of a penumbra region within the therapeutic window. The development of treatments for ischemic stroke in at-risk patients is of particular interest. Preventive gene therapy may significantly reduce the negative consequences of ischemia-induced brain injury. In the present study, we suggest the approach of preventive gene therapy for stroke. Adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or gene engineered umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MC) overexpressing recombinant VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM were intrathecally injected before distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Post-ischemic brain recovery was investigated 21 days after stroke modelling. Morphometric and immunofluorescent analysis revealed a reduction of infarction volume accompanied with a lower number of apoptotic cells and decreased expression of Hsp70 in the peri-infarct region in gene-treated animals. The lower immunopositive areas for astrocytes and microglial cells markers, higher number of oligodendrocytes and increased expression of synaptic proteins suggest the inhibition of astrogliosis, supporting the corresponding myelination and functional recovery of neurons in animals receiving preventive gene therapy. In this study, for the first time, we provide evidence of the beneficial effects of preventive triple gene therapy by an adenoviral- or UCB-MC-mediated intrathecal simultaneous delivery combination of vegf165, gdnf, and ncam1 on the preservation and recovery of the brain in rats with subsequent modelling of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vage Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Zufar Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Maksim Kuznetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgeny Kim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Grayr Kundakchyan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Airat Gibadullin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilnur Salafutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Farid Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Pocratsky AM, Shepard CT, Morehouse JR, Burke DA, Riegler AS, Hardin JT, Beare JE, Hainline C, States GJR, Brown BL, Whittemore SR, Magnuson DSK. Long ascending propriospinal neurons provide flexible, context-specific control of interlimb coordination. eLife 2020; 9:e53565. [PMID: 32902379 PMCID: PMC7527236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the cervical and lumbar spinal enlargements, central pattern generator (CPG) circuitry produces the rhythmic output necessary for limb coordination during locomotion. Long propriospinal neurons that inter-connect these CPGs are thought to secure hindlimb-forelimb coordination, ensuring that diagonal limb pairs move synchronously while the ipsilateral limb pairs move out-of-phase during stepping. Here, we show that silencing long ascending propriospinal neurons (LAPNs) that inter-connect the lumbar and cervical CPGs disrupts left-right limb coupling of each limb pair in the adult rat during overground locomotion on a high-friction surface. These perturbations occurred independent of the locomotor rhythm, intralimb coordination, and speed-dependent (or any other) principal features of locomotion. Strikingly, the functional consequences of silencing LAPNs are highly context-dependent; the phenotype was not expressed during swimming, treadmill stepping, exploratory locomotion, or walking on an uncoated, slick surface. These data reveal surprising flexibility and context-dependence in the control of interlimb coordination during locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Pocratsky
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Courtney T Shepard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Johnny R Morehouse
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Darlene A Burke
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Amberley S Riegler
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Josiah T Hardin
- Speed School of Engineering, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Jason E Beare
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Casey Hainline
- Speed School of Engineering, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Gregory JR States
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Brandon L Brown
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - David SK Magnuson
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
- Speed School of Engineering, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
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7
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Smith DR, Dumont CM, Park J, Ciciriello AJ, Guo A, Tatineni R, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ, Shea LD. Polycistronic Delivery of IL-10 and NT-3 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Myelination and Functional Recovery in a Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:672-682. [PMID: 32000627 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One million estimated cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) have been reported in the United States and repairing an injury has constituted a difficult clinical challenge. The complex, dynamic, inhibitory microenvironment postinjury, which is characterized by proinflammatory signaling from invading leukocytes and lack of sufficient factors that promote axonal survival and elongation, limits regeneration. Herein, we investigated the delivery of polycistronic vectors, which have the potential to coexpress factors that target distinct barriers to regeneration, from a multiple channel poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) bridge to enhance spinal cord regeneration. In this study, we investigated polycistronic delivery of IL-10 that targets proinflammatory signaling, and NT-3 that targets axonal survival and elongation. A significant increase was observed in the density of regenerative macrophages for IL-10+NT-3 condition relative to conditions without IL-10. Furthermore, combined delivery of IL-10+NT-3 produced a significant increase of axonal density and notably myelinated axons compared with all other conditions. A significant increase in functional recovery was observed for IL-10+NT-3 delivery at 12 weeks postinjury that was positively correlated to oligodendrocyte myelinated axon density, suggesting oligodendrocyte-mediated myelination as an important target to improve functional recovery. These results further support the use of multiple channel PLG bridges as a growth supportive substrate and platform to deliver bioactive agents to modulate the SCI microenvironment and promote regeneration and functional recovery. Impact statement Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a complex microenvironment that contains multiple barriers to regeneration and functional recovery. Multiple factors are necessary to address these barriers to regeneration, and polycistronic lentiviral gene therapy represents a strategy to locally express multiple factors simultaneously. A bicistronic vector encoding IL-10 and NT-3 was delivered from a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) bridge, which provides structural support that guides regeneration, resulting in increased axonal growth, myelination, and subsequent functional recovery. These results demonstrate the opportunity of targeting multiple barriers to SCI regeneration for additive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Amina Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ravindra Tatineni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, California.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, California.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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8
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Li WY, Zhu GY, Yue WJ, Sun GD, Zhu XF, Wang Y. KLF7 overexpression in bone marrow stromal stem cells graft transplantation promotes sciatic nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056011. [PMID: 31296795 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study demonstrated that the transcription factor, Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7), stimulates axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we used a gene therapy approach to overexpress KLF7 in bone marrow-derived stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) as support cells, combined with acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) and determined the potential therapeutic efficacy of a KLF7-transfected BMSC nerve graft transplantation in a rodent model for sciatic nerve injury and repair. APPROACH We efficiently transfected BMSCs with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-KLF7, which were then seeded in ANAs for bridging sciatic nerve defects. MAIN RESULTS KLF7 overexpression promotes proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. In vivo, KLF7 overexpression promotes transplanted BMSCs survival and myelinated fiber regeneration in regenerating ANAs; however, KLF7 did not improve Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs within in the nerve grafts. KLF7-BMSCs significantly upregulated expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors by BMSCs, including nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in regenerating ANA. KLF7-BMSCs also improved motor axon regeneration, and subsequent neuromuscular innervation and prevention of muscle atrophy. These benefits were associated with increased motor functional recovery of regenerating ANAs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that KLF7-BMSCs promoted peripheral nerve axon regeneration and myelination, and ultimately, motor functional recovery. The mechanism of KLF7 action may be related to its ability to enhance transplanted BMSCs survival and secrete neurotrophic factors rather than Schwann-like cell differentiation. This study provides novel foundational data connecting the benefits of KLF7 in neural injury and repair to BMSC biology and function, and demonstrates a potential combination approach for the treatment of injured peripheral nerve via nerve graft transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, People's Republic of China
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9
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Smith DR, Margul DJ, Dumont CM, Carlson MA, Munsell MK, Johnson M, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ, Shea LD. Combinatorial lentiviral gene delivery of pro-oligodendrogenic factors for improving myelination of regenerating axons after spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:155-167. [PMID: 30229864 PMCID: PMC6289889 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paralysis below the injury and strategies are being developed that support axonal regrowth, yet recovery lags, in part, because many axons are not remyelinated. Herein, we investigated strategies to increase myelination of regenerating axons by overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and noggin either alone or in combination in a mouse SCI model. Noggin and PDGF-AA have been identified as factors that enhance recruitment and differentiation of endogenous progenitors to promote myelination. Lentivirus encoding for these factors was delivered from a multichannel bridge, which we have previously shown creates a permissive environment and supports robust axonal growth through channels. The combination of noggin+PDGF enhanced total myelination of regenerating axons relative to either factor alone, and importantly, enhanced functional recovery relative to the control condition. The increase in myelination was consistent with an increase in oligodendrocyte-derived myelin, which was also associated with a greater density of cells of an oligodendroglial lineage relative to each factor individually and control conditions. These results suggest enhanced myelination of regenerating axons by noggin+PDGF that act on oligodendrocyte-lineage cells post-SCI, which ultimately led to improved functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Margul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Courtney M. Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary K. Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aileen J. Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Wu W, Wu X, Sun Y, Zhang YP, Deng LX, Walker MJ, Qu W, Chen C, Liu NK, Han Q, Dai H, Shields LB, Shields CB, Sengelaub DR, Jones KJ, Smith GM, Xu XM. Remodeling of lumbar motor circuitry remote to a thoracic spinal cord injury promotes locomotor recovery. eLife 2018; 7:39016. [PMID: 30207538 PMCID: PMC6170189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrogradely-transported neurotrophin signaling plays an important role in regulating neural circuit specificity. Here we investigated whether targeted delivery of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to lumbar motoneurons (MNs) caudal to a thoracic (T10) contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) could modulate dendritic patterning and synapse formation of the lumbar MNs. In vitro, Adeno-associated virus serotype two overexpressing NT-3 (AAV-NT-3) induced NT-3 expression and neurite outgrowth in cultured spinal cord neurons. In vivo, targeted delivery of AAV-NT-3 into transiently demyelinated adult mouse sciatic nerves led to the retrograde transportation of NT-3 to the lumbar MNs, significantly attenuating SCI-induced lumbar MN dendritic atrophy. NT-3 enhanced sprouting and synaptic formation of descending serotonergic, dopaminergic, and propriospinal axons on lumbar MNs, parallel to improved behavioral recovery. Thus, retrogradely transported NT-3 stimulated remodeling of lumbar neural circuitry and synaptic connectivity remote to a thoracic SCI, supporting a role for retrograde transport of NT-3 as a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Neural Tissue Engineering Research Institute, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi P Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, United States
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Melissa Jane Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Lisa Be Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, United States
| | | | - Dale R Sengelaub
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Kathryn J Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
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11
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Sokolov ME, Bashirov FV, Markosyan VA, Povysheva TV, Fadeev FO, Izmailov AA, Kuztetsov MS, Safiullov ZZ, Shmarov MM, Naroditskyi BS, Palotás A, Islamov RR. Triple-Gene Therapy for Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept in Vivo Study in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:111. [PMID: 29497380 PMCID: PMC5818439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural brain repair after stroke is extremely limited, and current therapeutic options are even more scarce with no clinical break-through in sight. Despite restricted regeneration in the central nervous system, we have previously proved that human umbilical cord blood mono-nuclear cells (UCB-MC) transduced with adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) successfully rescued neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury. This proof-of-principle project was aimed at evaluating the beneficial effects of the same triple-gene approach in stroke. Rats subjected to distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were treated intrathecally with a combination of these genes either directly or using our cell-based (UCB-MC) approach. Various techniques and markers were employed to evaluate brain injury and subsequent recovery after treatment. Brain repair was most prominent when therapeutic genes were delivered via adenoviral vector- or UCB-MC-mediated approach. Remodeling of brain cortex in the stroke area was confirmed by reduction of infarct volume and attenuated neural cell death, depletion of astrocytes and microglial cells, and increase in the number of oligodendroglial cells and synaptic proteins expression. These results imply that intrathecal injection of genetically engineered UCB-MC over-expressing therapeutic molecules (VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM) following cerebral blood vessel occlusion might represent a novel avenue for future research into treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Farid V Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage A Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Povysheva
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip O Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey A Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kuztetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zufar Z Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim M Shmarov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditskyi
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - András Palotás
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rustem R Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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12
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Reversible silencing of lumbar spinal interneurons unmasks a task-specific network for securing hindlimb alternation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1963. [PMID: 29213073 PMCID: PMC5719045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuitry in the lumbar spinal cord governs two principal features of locomotion, rhythm and pattern, which reflect intra- and interlimb movement. These features are functionally organized into a hierarchy that precisely controls stepping in a stereotypic, speed-dependent fashion. Here, we show that a specific component of the locomotor pattern can be independently manipulated. Silencing spinal L2 interneurons that project to L5 selectively disrupts hindlimb alternation allowing a continuum of walking to hopping to emerge from the otherwise intact network. This perturbation, which is independent of speed and occurs spontaneously with each step, does not disrupt multi-joint movements or forelimb alternation, nor does it translate to a non-weight-bearing locomotor activity. Both the underlying rhythm and the usual relationship between speed and spatiotemporal characteristics of stepping persist. These data illustrate that hindlimb alternation can be manipulated independently from other core features of stepping, revealing a striking freedom in an otherwise precisely controlled system. Intra- and interlimb coordination during locomotion is governed by hierarchically organized lumbar spinal networks. Here, the authors show that reversible silencing of spinal L2–L5 interneurons specifically disrupts hindlimb alternation leading to a continuum of walking to hopping.
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13
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Izmailov AA, Povysheva TV, Bashirov FV, Sokolov ME, Fadeev FO, Garifulin RR, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Salafutdinov II, Chelyshev YA, Islamov RR, Lavrov IA. Spinal Cord Molecular and Cellular Changes Induced by Adenoviral Vector- and Cell-Mediated Triple Gene Therapy after Severe Contusion. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:813. [PMID: 29180963 PMCID: PMC5693893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene therapy has been successful in treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in several animal models, although it still remains unavailable for clinical practice. Surprisingly, regardless the fact that multiple reports showed motor recovery with gene therapy, little is known about molecular and cellular changes in the post-traumatic spinal cord following viral vector- or cell-mediated gene therapy. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and changes in spinal cord after treatment with the genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), angiogenin (ANG), and neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) applied using both approaches. Therapeutic genes were used for viral vector- and cell-mediated gene therapy in two combinations: (1) VEGF+GDNF+NCAM and (2) VEGF+ANG+NCAM. For direct gene therapy adenoviral vectors based on serotype 5 (Ad5) were injected intrathecally and for cell-mediated gene delivery human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MC) were simultaneously transduced with three Ad5 vectors and injected intrathecally 4 h after the SCI. The efficacy of both treatments was confirmed by improvement in behavioral (BBB) test. Molecular and cellular changes following post-traumatic recovery were evaluated with immunofluorescent staining using antibodies against the functional markers of motorneurons (Hsp27, synaptophysin, PSD95), astrocytes (GFAP, vimentin), oligodendrocytes (Olig2, NG2, Cx47) and microglial cells (Iba1). Our results suggest that both approaches with intrathecal delivery of therapeutic genes may support functional recovery of post-traumatic spinal cord via lowering the stress (down regulation of Hsp25) and enhancing the synaptic plasticity (up regulation of PSD95 and synaptophysin), supporting oligodendrocyte proliferation (up regulation of NG2) and myelination (up regulation of Olig2 and Cx47), modulating astrogliosis by reducing number of astrocytes (down regulation of GFAP and vimetin) and microglial cells (down regulation of Iba1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Izmailov
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Farid V Bashirov
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Sokolov
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip O Fadeev
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ravil R Garifulin
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilnur I Salafutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri A Chelyshev
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rustem R Islamov
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Scientific Center, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor A Lavrov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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14
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Wang Y, Li WY, Jia H, Zhai FG, Qu WR, Cheng YX, Liu YC, Deng LX, Guo SF, Jin ZS. KLF7-transfected Schwann cell graft transplantation promotes sciatic nerve regeneration. Neuroscience 2016; 340:319-332. [PMID: 27826105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our former study demonstrated that Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a transcription factor that stimulates axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Currently, we used a gene therapy approach to overexpress KLF7 in Schwann cells (SCs) and assessed whether KLF7-transfected SCs graft could promote sciatic nerve regeneration. SCs were transfected by adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)-KLF7 in vitro. Mice were allografted by an acellular nerve (ANA) with either an injection of DMEM (ANA group), SCs (ANA+SCs group) or AAV2-KLF7-transfected SCs (ANA+KLF7-SCs group) to assess repair of a sciatic nerve gap. The results indicate that KLF7 overexpression promoted the proliferation of both transfected SCs and native SCs. The neurite length of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants was enhanced. Several beneficial effects were detected in the ANA+KLF7-SCs group including an increase in the compound action potential amplitude, sciatic function index score, enhanced expression of PKH26-labeling transplant SCs, peripheral myelin protein 0, neurofilaments, S-100, and myelinated regeneration nerve. Additionally, HRP-labeled motoneurons in the spinal cord, CTB-labeled sensory neurons in the DRG, motor endplate density and the weight ratios of target muscles were increased by the treatment while thermal hyperalgesia was diminished. Finally, expression of KLF7, NGF, GAP43, TrkA and TrkB were enhanced in the grafted SCs, which may indicate that several signal pathways may be involved in conferring the beneficial effects from KLF7 overexpression. We concluded that KLF7-overexpressing SCs promoted axonal regeneration of the peripheral nerve and enhanced myelination, which collectively proved KLF-SCs as a novel therapeutic strategy for injured nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China.
| | - Hua Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Feng-Guo Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wen-Rui Qu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yong-Xia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yan-Cui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Su-Fen Guo
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zai-Shun Jin
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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15
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Margul DJ, Park J, Boehler RM, Smith DR, Johnson MA, McCreedy DA, He T, Ataliwala A, Kukushliev TV, Liang J, Sohrabi A, Goodman AG, Walthers CM, Shea LD, Seidlits SK. Reducing neuroinflammation by delivery of IL-10 encoding lentivirus from multiple-channel bridges. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:136-148. [PMID: 27981242 PMCID: PMC5125399 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is unable to regenerate after injury largely due to growth‐inhibition by an inflammatory response to the injury that fails to resolve, resulting in secondary damage and cell death. An approach that prevents inhibition by attenuating the inflammatory response and promoting its resolution through the transition of macrophages to anti‐inflammatory phenotypes is essential for the creation of a growth permissive microenvironment. Viral gene delivery to induce the expression of anti‐inflammatory factors provides the potential to provide localized delivery to alter the host inflammatory response. Initially, we investigated the effect of the biomaterial and viral components of the delivery system to influence the extent of cell infiltration and the phenotype of these cells. Bridge implantation reduces antigen‐presenting cell infiltration at day 7, and lentivirus addition to the bridge induces a transient increase in neutrophils in the spinal cord at day 7 and macrophages at day 14. Delivery of a lentivirus encoding IL‐10, an anti‐inflammatory factor that inhibits immune cell activation and polarizes the macrophage population towards anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, reduced neutrophil infiltration at both day 7 and day 28. Though IL‐10 lentivirus did not affect macrophages number, it skewed the macrophage population toward an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype and altered macrophage morphology. Additionally, IL‐10 delivery resulted in improved motor function, suggesting reduced secondary damage and increased sparing. Taken together, these results indicate that localized expression of anti‐inflammatory factors, such as IL‐10, can modulate the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury, and may be a key component of a combinatorial approach that targets the multiple barriers to regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Margul
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Ryan M Boehler
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Dominique R Smith
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Mitchell A Johnson
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Dylan A McCreedy
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Ting He
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Aishani Ataliwala
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Todor V Kukushliev
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Jesse Liang
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Ashley G Goodman
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | | | - Lonnie D Shea
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109; Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL, 48109; Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095; Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90024
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16
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Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5808215. [PMID: 26884648 PMCID: PMC4738689 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5808215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain originating from neuronal damage remains an incurable symptom debilitating patients. Proposed molecular modalities in neuropathic pain include ion channel expressions, immune reactions, and inflammatory substrate diffusions. Recent advances in RNA sequence analysis have discovered specific ion channel expressions in nociceptors such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated potassium, and sodium channels. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) also play an important role in triggering surrounding immune cells. The multiple protein expressions complicate therapeutic development for neuropathic pain. Recent progress in optogenetics and pharmacogenetics may herald the development of novel therapeutics for the incurable pain. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) facilitate the artificial manipulation of intracellular signaling through excitatory or inhibitory G protein subunits activated by biologically inert synthetic ligands. Expression of excitatory channelrhodopsins and inhibitory halorhodopsins on injured neurons or surrounding cells can attenuate neuropathic pain precisely controlled by light stimulation. To achieve the discrete treatment of injured neurons, we can exploit the transcriptome database obtained by RNA sequence analysis in specific neuropathies. This can recommend the suitable promoter information to target the injury sites circumventing intact neurons. Therefore, novel strategies benefiting from pharmacogenetics, optogenetics, and RNA sequencing might be promising for neuropathic pain treatment in future.
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17
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Goganau I, Blesch A. Gene Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Schomberg D, Miranpuri G, Duellman T, Crowell A, Vemuganti R, Resnick D. Spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain: Molecular targets and therapeutic approaches. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:645-58. [PMID: 25588751 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, especially that resulting from spinal cord injury, is a tremendous clinical challenge. A myriad of biological changes have been implicated in producing these pain states including cellular interactions, extracellular proteins, ion channel expression, and epigenetic influences. Physiological consequences of these changes are varied and include functional deficits and pain responses. Developing therapies that effectively address the cause of these symptoms require a deeper knowledge of alterations in the molecular pathways. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases are two promising therapeutic targets. Matrix metalloproteinases interact with and influence many of the studied pain pathways. Gene expression of ion channels and inflammatory mediators clearly contributes to neuropathic pain. Localized and time dependent targeting of these proteins could alleviate and even prevent neuropathic pain from developing. Current therapeutic options for neuropathic pain are limited primarily to analgesics targeting the opioid pathway. Therapies directed at molecular targets are highly desirable and in early stages of development. These include transplantation of exogenously engineered cell populations and targeted gene manipulation. This review describes specific molecular targets amenable to therapeutic intervention using currently available delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Schomberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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19
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Li J, Zheng CQ, Li Y, Yang C, Lin H, Duan HG. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Augment Sinonasal Wound Healing. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1817-30. [PMID: 25835956 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) transgenic mesenchymal stem cells (HGF-MSCs) on wound healing in the sinonasal mucosa and nasal epithelial cells (NECs). We also sought to determine whether HGF-MSCs and MSCs can migrate into the injured mucosa and differentiate into ciliated cells. Human HGF-overexpressing umbilical cord MSCs (hHGF-UCMSCs) were established, and upregulation of hHGF expression was confirmed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). To investigate the paracrine effect of human MSCs (hMSCs) on nasal epithelial repair, hMSC- and HGF-MSC-conditioned media (CM) were used in NEC proliferation assays and in an in vitro scratch-wound repair model. The in vivo sinonasal wound-healing model was established, and all enrolled rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups: the GFP-MSC group, the HGF-MSC group, the Ad-HGF group, and the surgery control group. The average decreased diameter was recorded, and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus was removed for histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Collagen deposition in the wound tissue was detected via Masson trichrome (M&T) staining. The distribution of MSCs and HGF-MSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. MSCs improved nasal wound healing both in vivo and in vitro. HGF overexpression in MSCs augmented the curative effects. Reduced collagen deposition and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) expression were detected in the HGF-MSC group compared with the MSC-, Ad-HGF-, and phosphate-buffered saline-treated groups based on M&T staining and ELISA. The enhanced therapeutic effects of HGF-MSCs were accompanied by decreased level of the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1. In addition, both HGF-MSCs and MSCs can migrate to the injured mucosa and epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology, First Hospital of Hangzhou City , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Quan Zheng
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, First Hospital of Hangzhou City , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Yang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lin
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Gang Duan
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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20
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Walthers CM, Seidlits SK. Gene delivery strategies to promote spinal cord repair. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:11-29. [PMID: 25922572 PMCID: PMC4395076 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapies hold great promise for the treatment of many neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries in the central nervous system. However, development of effective methods to deliver such therapies in a controlled manner to the spinal cord is a necessity for their translation to the clinic. Although essential progress has been made to improve efficiency of transgene delivery and reduce the immunogenicity of genetic vectors, there is still much work to be done to achieve clinical strategies capable of reversing neurodegeneration and mediating tissue regeneration. In particular, strategies to achieve localized, robust expression of therapeutic transgenes by target cell types, at controlled levels over defined time periods, will be necessary to fully regenerate functional spinal cord tissues. This review summarizes the progress over the last decade toward the development of effective gene therapies in the spinal cord, including identification of appropriate target genes, improvements to design of genetic vectors, advances in delivery methods, and strategies for delivery of multiple transgenes with synergistic actions. The potential of biomaterials to mediate gene delivery while simultaneously providing inductive scaffolding to facilitate tissue regeneration is also discussed.
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21
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Thomas AM, Palma JL, Shea LD. Sponge-mediated lentivirus delivery to acute and chronic spinal cord injuries. J Control Release 2015; 204:1-10. [PMID: 25724274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The environment within the spinal cord after injury, which changes in the progression from the acute to chronic stages, limits the extent of regeneration. The delivery of inductive factors to promote regeneration following spinal cord injury has been promising, yet, few strategies are versatile to allow delivery during acute or chronic injury that would facilitate screening of candidate therapies. This report investigates the intrathecal delivery of lentiviruses for long-term expression of regenerative factors. Lentivirus-filled sponges were inserted into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord, with transgene expression observed within multiple cell types that persists for 12 weeks for both intact and injured spinal cord, without any apparent damage to the spinal cord tissue. Sponges loaded with lentivirus encoding for Sonic hedgehog (Shh) were investigated for acute (delivered at 0 weeks) and chronic (at 4 weeks) injuries, and for multiple locations relative to the injury. In an acute model, sponges placed directly above the injury increased oligodendrocyte and decreased astrocyte presence. Sponges placed caudal to the injury had reduced impact on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the injury. In a chronic model, sponges increased oligodendrocyte and decreased astrocyte presence. Furthermore, the effect of Shh was shown to be mediated in part by reduction of Bmp signaling, monitored with an Msx2-sensitive reporter vector. The implantation of lentivirus-loaded biomaterials intrathecally provides the opportunity to induce the expression of a factor at a specified time without entering the spinal cord, and has the potential to promote gene delivery within the spinal cord, which can influence the extent of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jaime L Palma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Reproductive Science (CRS), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute (CLP), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Thomas AM, Seidlits SK, Goodman AG, Kukushliev TV, Hassani DM, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ, Shea LD. Sonic hedgehog and neurotrophin-3 increase oligodendrocyte numbers and myelination after spinal cord injury. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:694-705. [PMID: 24873988 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury and has limited available therapies. Multiple channel bridges have been investigated as a means to create a permissive environment for regeneration, with channels supporting axonal growth through the injury. Bridges support robust axon growth and myelination. Here, we investigated the cell types that myelinate axons in the bridges and whether over-expression of trophic factors can enhance myelination. Lentivirus encoding for neurotrophin-3 (NT3), sonic hedgehog (SHH) and the combination of these factors was delivered from bridges implanted into a lateral hemisection defect at T9/T10 in mice, and the response of endogenous progenitor cells within the spinal cord was investigated. Relative to control, the localized, sustained expression of these factors significantly increased growth of regenerating axons into the bridge and enhanced axon myelination 8 weeks after injury. SHH decreased the number of Sox2(+) cells and increased the number of Olig2(+) cells, whereas NT3 alone or in combination with SHH enhanced the numbers of GFAP(+) and Olig2(+) cells relative to control. For delivery of lentivirus encoding for either factor, we identified cells at various stages of differentiation along the oligodendrocyte lineage (e.g., O4(+), GalC(+)). Expression of NT3 enhanced myelination primarily by infiltrating Schwann cells, whereas SHH over-expression substantially increased myelination by oligodendrocytes. These studies further establish biomaterial-mediated gene delivery as a promising tool to direct activation and differentiation of endogenous progenitor cells for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley G Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Todor V Kukushliev
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Donna M Hassani
- Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Reproductive Science (CRS), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute (CLP), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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23
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Pêgo AP, Kubinova S, Cizkova D, Vanicky I, Mar FM, Sousa MM, Sykova E. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of spinal cord injury: more than just promises? J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2564-82. [PMID: 22805417 PMCID: PMC4118226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a complex set of events that lead to tissue healing without the restoration of normal function due to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord. Nevertheless, current knowledge about the intrinsic regenerative ability of central nervous system axons, when in a supportive environment, has made the prospect of treating spinal cord injury a reality. Among the range of strategies under investigation, cell-based therapies offer the most promising results, due to the multifactorial roles that these cells can fulfil. However, the best cell source is still a matter of debate, as are clinical issues that include the optimal cell dose as well as the timing and route of administration. In this context, the role of biomaterials is gaining importance. These can not only act as vehicles for the administered cells but also, in the case of chronic lesions, can be used to fill the permanent cyst, thus creating a more favourable and conducive environment for axonal regeneration in addition to serving as local delivery systems of therapeutic agents to improve the regenerative milieu. Some of the candidate molecules for the future are discussed in view of the knowledge derived from studying the mechanisms that facilitate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of central nervous system neurons. The future challenge for the multidisciplinary teams working in the field is to translate the knowledge acquired in basic research into effective combinatorial therapies to be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pêgo
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Combined treatment with platelet-rich plasma and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-overexpressing bone marrow stromal cells supports axonal remyelination in a rat spinal cord hemi-section model. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:792-804. [PMID: 23731762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Combining biologic matrices is becoming a better choice to advance stem cell-based therapies. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic product of concentrated platelets and has been used to promote regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury. We examined whether PRP could induce rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiation in vitro and whether a combination of BMSCs, PRP and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could provide additive therapeutic benefits in vivo after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS BMSCs and BDNF-secreting BMSCs (BDNF-BMSCs) were cultured with PRP for 7 days and 21 days, respectively, and neurofilament (NF)-200, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) gene levels were assessed. After T10 hemi-section in 102 rats, 15-μL scaffolds (PRP alone, BMSCs, PRP/BMSCs, BDNF-BMSCs or PRP/BDNF-BMSCs) were transplanted into the lesion area, and real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural studies were performed. RESULTS The messenger RNA expression of NF-200, GFAP, MAP2 and p70S6K was promoted in BMSCs and BDNF-BMSCs after culture with PRP in vitro. BDNF levels were significantly higher in the injured spinal cord after implantation of BDNF-BMSCs. In the PRP/BDNF-BMSCs group at 8 weeks postoperatively, more GFAP was observed, with less accumulation of astrocytes at the graft-host interface. Rats that received PRP and BDNF-BMSC implants showed enhanced hind limb locomotor performance at 8 weeks postoperatively compared with control animals, with more axonal remyelination. CONCLUSIONS A combined treatment comprising PRP and BDNF-overexpressing BMSCs produced beneficial effects in rats with regard to functional recovery after SCI through enhancing migration of astrocytes into the transplants and axonal remyelination.
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JENKINS STUARTI, PICKARD MARKR, CHARI DIVYAM. MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED GENE DELIVERY IN OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELLS: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS VERSUS PRECURSOR FORMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984412430015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a major platform for the formulation of magnetic vectors for nonviral gene delivery. Notably the application of "magnetofection" strategies (use of magnetic fields to increase MNP–cell interactions) can significantly enhance MNP mediated gene transfer. Despite the potential of this approach, the use of MNPs and magnetofection for gene delivery to oligodendrocytes (the cells that make and maintain myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system) has never been tested. Here, we prove the feasibility of using MNPs in conjunction with applied static or oscillating gradient magnetic fields (the "magnetofection" method) to deliver genes to oligodendrocytes; all applied magnetic field conditions resulted in greater transfection than the no field condition but overall transfection levels obtained were typically low (ca. < 6%). Oligodendrocyte transfection levels under all magnetic field conditions were less than a third compared with their parent cell population, the oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time that, within cells of a specific neural lineage, the amenability to transfection is dependent on the differentiation status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- STUART I. JENKINS
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - MARK R. PICKARD
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - DIVYA M CHARI
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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26
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A novel growth-promoting pathway formed by GDNF-overexpressing Schwann cells promotes propriospinal axonal regeneration, synapse formation, and partial recovery of function after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2013; 33:5655-67. [PMID: 23536080 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2973-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Descending propriospinal neurons (DPSN) are known to establish functional relays for supraspinal signals, and they display a greater growth response after injury than do the long projecting axons. However, their regenerative response is still deficient due to their failure to depart from growth supportive cellular transplants back into the host spinal cord, which contains numerous impediments to axon growth. Here we report the construction of a continuous growth-promoting pathway in adult rats, formed by grafted Schwann cells overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We demonstrate that such a growth-promoting pathway, extending from the axonal cut ends to the site of innervation in the distal spinal cord, promoted regeneration of DPSN axons through and beyond the lesion gap of a spinal cord hemisection. Within the distal host spinal cord, regenerated DPSN axons formed synapses with host neurons leading to the restoration of action potentials and partial recovery of function.
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27
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Zwingenberger S, Yao Z, Jacobi A, Vater C, Valladares RD, Li C, Nich C, Rao AJ, Christman JE, Antonios JK, Gibon E, Schambach A, Mätzig T, Günther KP, Goodman SB, Stiehler M. Stem cell attraction via SDF-1α expressing fat tissue grafts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:2067-74. [PMID: 23281045 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) are key cellular components for site-specific tissue regeneration. The chemokine stromal derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) is known to attract stem cells via the C-X-C chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) receptor. The aim of the study was to develop a model for stem cell attraction using SDF-1α overexpressing fat tissue grafts. Murine MSCs were lentiviral transduced to express the genes for enhanced green fluorescent protein, firefly luciferace, and human CXCR4 (hCXCR4). Murine fat tissue was adenoviral transduced to express SDF-1α and red fluorescent protein transgenes. MSCs were cultured on transwells with SDF-1α containing supernatants from transduced fat tissue. The numbers of migrated MSCs in four groups (with hCXCR4 positive (+) or hCXCR4 negative (-) MSCs with or without SDF-1α containing supernatant) were investigated. After 36 h of culture, 9025 ± 925 cells migrated through the membrane of the transwells in group 1 (CXCR4+/SDF-1α+), 4817 ± 940 cells in group 2 (CXCR4-/SDF-1α+), 2050 ± 766 cells in group 3 (CXCR4+/SDF-1α-), and 2108 ± 426 cells in group 4 (CXCR4-/SDF-1α-). Both, the presence of SDF-1α and the expression of hCXCR4 significantly increased the migration rates (p < 0.0001). MSCs overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor by lentiviral transduction are highly attracted by medium from SDF-1α expressing fat tissue in vitro. Thus, SDF-1α activated tissue grafts may be a strategy to enhance site-specific musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zwingenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Ando T, Sato S, Toyooka T, Kobayashi H, Nawashiro H, Ashida H, Obara M. Photomechanical wave-driven delivery of siRNAs targeting intermediate filament proteins promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51744. [PMID: 23272155 PMCID: PMC3522723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of glial scars after spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the factors inhibiting axonal regeneration. Glial scars are mainly composed of reactive astrocytes overexpressing intermediate filament (IF) proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. In the current study, we delivered small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting these IF proteins to SCI model rats using photomechanical waves (PMWs), and examined the restoration of motor function in the rats. PMWs are generated by irradiating a light-absorbing material with 532-nm nanosecond laser pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. PMWs can site-selectively increase the permeability of the cell membrane for molecular delivery. Rat spinal cord was injured using a weight-drop device and the siRNA(s) solutions were intrathecally injected into the vicinity of the exposed SCI, to which PMWs were applied. We first confirmed the substantial uptake of fluorescence-labeled siRNA by deep glial cells; then we delivered siRNAs targeting GFAP and vimentin into the lesion. The treatment led to a significant improvement in locomotive function from five days post-injury in rats that underwent PMW-mediated siRNA delivery. This was attributable to the moderate silencing of the IF proteins and the subsequent decrease in the cavity area in the injured spinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ando
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Terushige Toyooka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nawashiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Obara
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Bosch KD, Bradbury EJ, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW, McMahon SB. Chondroitinase ABC promotes plasticity of spinal reflexes following peripheral nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Leite LHR, Sharma NM, Bafna S, Zheng H, Coimbra CC, Patel KP. Construction and validation of lentiviral vector carrying rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 211:77-83. [PMID: 22921486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a lentiviral vector with human cytomegalovirus promoter permitting high-level of nNOS expression. Neuronal cell line NG108 was used as an in vitro model to check the validity of gene transfer. The cells were infected with lenti-EGFP or lenti-nNOS particles for 24h. Lenti-nNOS infection in the NG108 cells induced dose dependent increase in mRNA and protein for nNOS; with a dose of 2.5 × 10⁴ pfu/ml, nNOS mRNA expression increased by 40-fold while protein expression was increased by 2.5-fold compared to lenti-EGFP. Moreover, lenti-nNOS infection caused a greater increase in nNOS immunoreactivity in NG108 cells compared to lenti-EGFP as shown by immonocytochemistry. nNOS expression showed time dependent increases with lenti-nNOS infection with maximum up-regulation observed after two weeks of infection. Moreover, in vivo, unilateral injection of lenti-nNOS into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats induced a 27-fold increase of nNOS protein level in the injected side compared to non-injected side and this escalation was sustained up to three weeks. Overall, lenti-EGFP injection in the PVN did not show any significant change in nNOS expression. Furthermore, NADPH-diaphorase staining of nNOS in the PVN infected with lenti-nNOS induced a visible increase in nNOS expression compared with contralateral non-injected side up to three weeks. These results indicate that this approach of lentiviral mediated gene transfer of nNOS may provide a new means to up-regulate the nNOS expression for longer periods of time compared to adenoviral transfection and can be used as a research tool and potentially a therapy for chronic diseases involving impaired nNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H R Leite
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Peviani M, Kurosaki M, Terao M, Lidonnici D, Gensano F, Battaglia E, Tortarolo M, Piva R, Bendotti C. Lentiviral vectors carrying enhancer elements of Hb9 promoter drive selective transgene expression in mouse spinal cord motor neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 205:139-47. [PMID: 22245491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant lentiviral vectors (rLVs) have emerged as versatile tools for gene delivery applications due to a number of favorable features, such as the possibility to maintain long-term transgene expression, the flexibility in the design of the expression cassettes and recent improvements in their biosafety profile. Since rLVs are able to infect multiple cell types including post-mitotic cells such as neurons and skeletal muscle cells, several studies have been exploring their application for the study and cure of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the introduction of rLVs carrying cell-type specific promoters could restrict the transgene expression either to neuronal or glial cells, thus helping to better dissect in vivo the role played by these cell populations in several neurodegenerative processes. In this study we developed rLVs carrying motor neuron specific regulatory sequences derived from the promoter of homeobox gene Hb9, and demonstrated that these constructs can represent a suitable platform for selective gene-targeting of murine spinal cord motor neurons, in vivo. This tool could be instrumental in the dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in the selective degeneration of motor neurons occurring in Motor Neuron Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peviani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
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32
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McMahon SS, Nikolskaya N, Choileáin SN, Hennessy N, O'Brien T, Strappe PM, Gorelov A, Rochev Y. Thermosensitive hydrogel for prolonged delivery of lentiviral vector expressing neurotrophin-3 in vitro. J Gene Med 2011; 13:591-601. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan S McMahon
- Discipline of Anatomy; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
| | - Natalia Nikolskaya
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
| | - Siobhan Ní Choileáin
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
| | - Niamh Hennessy
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
| | - Padraig M Strappe
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga; NSW; Australia
| | - Alexander Gorelov
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Yury Rochev
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science; National University of Ireland; Galway; Ireland
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Multifunctional, multichannel bridges that deliver neurotrophin encoding lentivirus for regeneration following spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1618-26. [PMID: 22130565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies following spinal cord injury must address the multiple barriers that limit regeneration. Multiple channel bridges have been developed that stabilize the injury following implantation and provide physical guidance for regenerating axons. These bridges have now been employed as a vehicle for localized delivery of lentivirus. Implantation of lentivirus loaded multiple channel bridges produced transgene expression that persisted for at least 4 weeks. Expression was maximal at the implant at the earliest time point, and decreased with increasing time of implantation, as well as rostral and caudal to the bridge. Immunohistochemical staining indicated transduction of macrophages, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and astrocytes within the bridge and adjacent tissue. Subsequently, the delivery of lentivirus encoding the neurotrophic factors NT-3 or BDNF significantly increased the extent of axonal growth into the bridge relative to empty scaffolds. In addition to promoting axon growth, the induced expression of neurotrophic factors led to myelination of axons within the channels of the bridge, where the number of myelinated axons was significantly enhanced relative to control. Combining gene delivery with biomaterials to provide physical guidance and create a permissive environment can provide a platform to enhance axonal growth and promote regeneration.
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Ando T, Sato S, Toyooka T, Uozumi Y, Nawashiro H, Ashida H, Obara M. Site-specific gene transfer into the rat spinal cord by photomechanical waves. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:108002. [PMID: 22029370 DOI: 10.1117/1.3642014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral, site-specific gene delivery to deep tissue is required for gene therapy of a spinal cord injury. However, an efficient method satisfying these requirements has not been established. This study demonstrates efficient and targeted gene transfer into the spinal cord by using photomechanical waves (PMWs), which were generated by irradiating a black laser absorbing rubber with 532-nm nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses. After a solution of plasmid DNA coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or luciferase was intraparenchymally injected into the spinal cord, PMWs were applied to the target site. In the PMW application group, we observed significant EGFP gene expression in the white matter and remarkably high luciferase activity only in the spinal cord segment exposed to the PMWs. We also assessed hind limb movements 24 h after the application of PMWs based on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score to evaluate the noninvasiveness of this method. Locomotor evaluation showed no significant decrease in BBB score under optimum laser irradiation conditions. These findings demonstrated that exogenous genes can be efficiently and site-selectively delivered into the spinal cord by applying PMWs without significant locomotive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ando
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Studwell AJ, Kotton DN. A shift from cell cultures to creatures: in vivo imaging of small animals in experimental regenerative medicine. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1933-41. [PMID: 21952170 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of small animals for in vivo experimentation has been widespread, only recently has there been easy availability of techniques that allow noninvasive in vivo imaging of small animals. Because these techniques allow the same individual subject to be followed longitudinally throughout the duration of an experiment, their use is rapidly changing the way small animals are employed in the laboratory. In this review, we focus on six imaging modalities that are increasingly employed for small animal in vivo imaging: optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and positron-emission tomography (PET). Each modality allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells and cell products in vivo. In addition, multimodality imaging, combining two or more of these techniques, has also been increasingly employed to overcome the limitations of each independent technique. After reviewing these available imaging modalities, we detail their experimental application, exemplified by the emerging field of regenerative medicine, referring to publications whose conclusions would otherwise be difficult to support without the availability of in vivo imaging.
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Non-viral genetic transfection of rat Schwann cells with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is feasible but impairs cell viability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:225-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1740925x11000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:To determine transfection efficiency of FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection on rat Schwann cells (SC).Methods:The ischiadic and median nerves of 6-8 week old Lewis rats were cultured in modified melanocyte-growth medium. SCs were genetically transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene using FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection. Transfection rates were determined by visualization of GFP fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy and cell counting. Transfected cell to non-transfected cell relation was determined.Results:Purity of Schwann cell culture was 88% as determined by immunohistologic staining. Transfection rate of FuGENE HD© lipofection was 2%, transfection rate of AMAXA© nucleofection was 10%. With both methods, Schwann cells showed pronounced aggregation behavior which made them unfeasible for further cultivation. Settling of Schwann cells on laminin and poly-l-ornithine coated plates was compromised by either method.Conclusion:Non-viral transfection of rat SC with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is basically possible with a higher transfection rate for nucleofection than for lipofection. As cell viability is compromised by either method however, viral transfection is to be considered if higher efficiency is required.
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Wang X, Smith GM, Xu XM. Preferential and bidirectional labeling of the rubrospinal tract with adenovirus-GFP for monitoring normal and injured axons. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:635-47. [PMID: 21299337 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rodent rubrospinal tract (RST) has been studied extensively to investigate regeneration and remodeling of central nervous system (CNS) axons. Currently no retrograde tracers can specifically label rubrospinal axons and neurons (RSNs). The RST can be anterogradely labeled by injecting tracers into the red nucleus (RN), but accurately locating the RN is a technical challenge. Here we developed a recombinant adenovirus carrying a green fluorescent protein reporter gene (Adv-GFP) which can preferentially, intensely, and bi-directionally label the RST. When Adv-GFP was injected into the second lumbar spinal cord, the GFP was specifically transported throughout the entire RST, with peak labeling seen at 2 weeks post-injection. When Adv-GFP was injected directly into the RN, GFP was anterogradely transported throughout the RST. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), injection of Adv-GFP resulted in visualization of GFP in transected, spared, or sprouted RST axons bi-directionally. Thus Adv-GFP could be used as a novel tool for monitoring and evaluating strategies designed to maximize RST axonal regeneration and remodeling following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Kusano K, Enomoto M, Hirai T, Wakabayashi Y, Itoh S, Ichinose S, Okabe S, Shinomiya K, Okawa A. Enhancement of sciatic nerve regeneration by adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative RhoA and Rac1. Neurosci Lett 2011; 492:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deng LX, Hu J, Liu N, Wang X, Smith GM, Wen X, Xu XM. GDNF modifies reactive astrogliosis allowing robust axonal regeneration through Schwann cell-seeded guidance channels after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2011; 229:238-50. [PMID: 21316362 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis impedes axonal regeneration after injuries to the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), combined with transplanted Schwann cells (SCs), effectively reversed the inhibitory properties of astrocytes at graft-host interfaces allowing robust axonal regeneration, concomitant with vigorous migration of host astrocytes into SC-seeded semi-permeable guidance channels implanted into a right-sided spinal cord hemisection at the 10th thoracic (T10) level. Within the graft, migrated host astrocytes were in close association with regenerated axons. Astrocyte processes extended parallel to the axons, implying that the migrated astrocytes were not inhibitory and might have promoted directional growth of regenerated axons. In vitro, GDNF induced migration of SCs and astrocytes toward each other in an astrocyte-SC confrontation assay. GDNF also enhanced migration of astrocytes on a SC monolayer in an inverted coverslip migration assay, suggesting that this effect is mediated by direct cell-cell contact between the two cell types. Morphologically, GDNF administration reduced astrocyte hypertrophy and induced elongated process extension of these cells, similar to what was observed in vivo. Notably, GDNF treatment significantly reduced production of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), two hallmarks of astrogliosis, in both the in vivo and in vitro models. Thus, our study demonstrates a novel role of GDNF in modifying spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced astrogliosis resulting in robust axonal regeneration in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Kwon BK, Casha S, Hurlbert RJ, Yong VW. Inflammatory and structural biomarkers in acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:425-33. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Li J, Nie J, Jiang K, Zhen Z, Wang J, Shen L. Differentiation character of adult mesenchymal stem cells and transfection of MSCs with lentiviral vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:687-93. [PMID: 21181355 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the differentiation character and pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under different conditions. Adult MSCs were initially isolated from the bone marrow of rats, cultured in vitro and identified by flow cytometry. After MSCs were transferred to osteogenic and adipogenic medium respectively, the morphological characterization of induced cells was observed. The expression of marker genes was detected by RT-PCR analysis. Then MSCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors pGC-FU-Sox9-EGFP. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression and transfection efficiency were determined by fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated that EGFP caused no effect on the multilineage potential of adult MSCs. Sox9 gene expression of high level was maintained stable in the transfected MSCs and induced MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes. Aggracan was positive in chondrogenic lineages and the expression of aggracan and type collagen II was significantly increased during MSCs chondrogenic differentiation. It was concluded that Sox9 gene-modified adult MSCs may be promising candidate cells for further studies on tissue engineering. EGFP facilitates the research on MSCs physiological behavior and application in tissue engineering during differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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42
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang YP, Shields LBE, Hu X, Yu P, Burke DA, Wang H, Jun C, Byers J, Whittemore SR, Shields CB. Enhanced adenoviral gene delivery to motor and dorsal root ganglion neurons following injection into demyelinated peripheral nerves. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2374-84. [PMID: 20623527 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Injection of viral vectors into peripheral nerves may transfer specific genes into their dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and motoneurons. However, myelin sheaths of peripheral axons block the entry of viral particles into nerves. We studied whether mild, transient peripheral nerve demyelination prior to intraneural viral vector injection would enhance gene transfer to target DRG neurons and motoneurons. The right sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 mice was focally demyelinated with 1% lysolecithin, and the left sciatic nerve was similarly injected with saline (control). Five days after demyelination, 0.5 microl of Ad5-GFP was injected into both sciatic nerves at the site of previous injection. The effectiveness of gene transfer was evaluated by counting GFP(+) neurons in the DRGs and ventral horns. After peripheral nerve demyelination, there was a fivefold increase in the number of infected DRG neurons and almost a 15-fold increase in the number of infected motoneurons compared with the control, nondemyelinated side. Focal demyelination reduced the myelin sheath barrier, allowing greater virus-axon contact. Increased CXADR expression on the demyelinated axons facilitated axoplasmic viral entry. No animals sustained any prolonged neurological deficits. Increased gene delivery into DRG neurons and motoneurons may provide effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain, and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Kwon BK, Stammers AM, Belanger LM, Bernardo A, Chan D, Bishop CM, Slobogean GP, Zhang H, Umedaly H, Giffin M, Street J, Boyd MC, Paquette SJ, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines and Biomarkers of Injury Severity in Acute Human Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:669-82. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Kwon
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthea M.T. Stammers
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lise M. Belanger
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arlene Bernardo
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna Chan
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carole M. Bishop
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerard P. Slobogean
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hamed Umedaly
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitch Giffin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael C. Boyd
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott J. Paquette
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program (CNOSP), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lee JP, Tsai DJ, In Park K, Harvey AR, Snyder EY. The dynamics of long-term transgene expression in engrafted neural stem cells. J Comp Neurol 2009; 515:83-92. [PMID: 19399895 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess the dynamics and confounding variables that influence transgene expression in neural stem cells (NSCs), we generated distinct NSC clones from the same pool of cells, carrying the same reporter gene transcribed from the same promoter, transduced by the same retroviral vector, and transplanted similarly at the same differentiation state, at the same time and location, into the brains of newborn mouse littermates, and monitored in parallel for over a year in vivo (without immunosuppression). Therefore, the sole variables were transgene chromosomal insertion site and copy number. We then adapted and optimized a technique that tests, at the single cell level, persistence of stem cell-mediated transgene expression in vivo based on correlating the presence of the transgene in a given NSC's nucleus (by fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]) with the frequency of that transgene's product within the same cell (by combined immunohistochemistry [IHC]). Under the above-stated conditions, insertion site is likely the most contributory variable dictating transgene downregulation in an NSC after 3 months in vivo. We also observed that this obstacle could be effectively and safely counteracted by simple serial infections (as few as three) inserting redundant copies of the transgene into the prospective donor NSC. (The preservation of normal growth control mechanisms and an absence of tumorigenic potential can be readily screened and ensured ex vivo prior to transplantation.) The combined FISH/IHC strategy employed here for monitoring the dynamics of transgene expression at the single cell level in vivo may be used for other types of therapeutic and housekeeping genes in endogenous and exogenous stem cells of many organs and lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pyo Lee
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Barchet TM, Amiji MM. Challenges and opportunities in CNS delivery of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:211-25. [PMID: 19290842 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902758188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With an increase in lifespan and changing population demographics, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is expected to increase significantly in the 21st century. The most challenging of the CNS diseases are neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by age-related gradual decline in neurological function, often accompanied by neuronal death. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are some examples of neurodegenerative diseases and have been well described in terms of disease mechanisms and pathology. However, successful treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases have so far been limited. Delivery of drugs into the CNS is one of the most challenging problems faced in the treatment of neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe the difficulties with CNS therapy, especially with the use of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acid constructs. CNS therapeutics also represents a huge opportunity and examples of strategies that can enhance therapeutic delivery for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are emphasized. It is anticipated that with an increase in biological understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, there will be even more therapeutic opportunities. As such, these delivery strategies have a very important role to play in the future in the translation of CNS therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Barchet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, School of Pharmacy, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, Massachussets, MA 02115, USA
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Homing properties of adipose-derived stem cells to intracerebral glioma and the effects of adenovirus infection. Cancer Lett 2008; 274:78-87. [PMID: 18842332 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable clinical recurrence of high grade gliomas after standard treatment is due to the highly diffuse infiltrating parts of these tumors, which remain after surgery and respond poorly to radiation and chemotherapy. It has been proposed to employ the homing capacity of neural stem cells (NSCs) to different types of intracerebral pathology for selective targeting of glioma cells, and delivery of transgenic expressed therapeutics. This approach has been successful in a number of preclinical experimental studies, however, a major drawback for clinical translation has been the limitation of harvesting and ex vivo expansion of NSCs in patients. Here we demonstrate that adipose derived stem cells (ASCs), which are easily harvested in relatively large quantities in humans, display the same tropism for gliomas as NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Both ipsilateral as well as contralateral injection of these cells in brains of glioma-bearing mice, led to extensive homing to the tumor by the ASCs. The potential of loading these cellular vehicles with transgenes was assessed using adenoviral vectors. ASCs could be infected with adenoviral vectors, albeit at very high MOI. Insertion of the arg-gly-asp (RGD) motif into the adenovirus fiber knob, thereby redirecting primary attachment of the virus to integrins, resulted in a striking 7000-fold increase in infection efficiency. However, in vivo migration of adenovirus-infected ASCs was not observed, most likely due to an inflammatory response to these cells which was not observed with control non-infected ASCs. These results indicate that ASCs are an interesting candidate for further development for cell-based therapy of gliomas, however adenoviruses are not appropriate vectors for delivery of transgenes in this context.
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Local BAFF gene silencing suppresses Th17-cell generation and ameliorates autoimmune arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:14993-8. [PMID: 18820032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806044105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint damage. Although both T cells and B cells mediate the disease pathogenesis, proinflammatory cytokines are critically involved. The TNF superfamily member B cell-activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in humoral immunity and in autoimmune diseases, including RA. Here, we show that intra-articular injection of lentivirus expressing shRNA for BAFF gene silencing provides long-term suppression of arthritic development in a collagen-induced arthritis model. Local BAFF gene targeting inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression, suppressed generation of plasma cells and Th17 cells, and markedly ameliorated joint pathology. Lentivirus targets dendritic cells in the joint tissue and BAFF gene silencing inhibits dendritic cell maturation and their function in driving Th17-cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, we revealed a previously unrecognized role for BAFF in promoting the expansion of Th17 cells and demonstrated IL-17 as a crucial effector cytokine for BAFF-mediated proinflammatory effects during collagen-induced arthritis development. Taken together, these findings identify BAFF as a valuable gene-silencing target potentially for the effective treatment of RA.
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The biological effects of cell-delivered brain-derived neurotrophic factor on cultured spiral ganglion cells. Neuroreport 2007; 18:1683-6. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f0b5d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Golden KL, Pearse DD, Blits B, Garg MS, Oudega M, Wood PM, Bunge MB. Transduced Schwann cells promote axon growth and myelination after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2007; 207:203-17. [PMID: 17719577 PMCID: PMC3513343 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We sought to directly compare growth and myelination of local and supraspinal axons by implanting into the injured spinal cord Schwann cells (SCs) transduced ex vivo with adenoviral (AdV) or lentiviral (LV) vectors encoding a bifunctional neurotrophin molecule (D15A). D15A mimics actions of both neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Transduced SCs were injected into the injury center 1 week after a moderate thoracic (T8) adult rat spinal cord contusion. D15A expression and bioactivity in vitro; D15A levels in vivo; and graft volume, SC number, implant axon number and cortico-, reticulo-, raphe-, coerulo-spinal and sensory axon growth were determined for both types of vectors employed to transduce SCs. ELISAs revealed that D15A-secreting SC implants contained significantly higher levels of neurotrophin than non-transduced SC and AdV/GFP and LV/GFP SC controls early after implantation. At 6 weeks post-implantation, D15A-secreting SC grafts exhibited 5-fold increases in graft volume, SC number and myelinated axon counts and a 3-fold increase in myelinated to unmyelinated (ensheathed) axon ratios. The total number of axons within grafts of LV/GFP/D15A SCs was estimated to be over 70,000. Also 5-HT, DbetaH, and CGRP axon length was increased up to 5-fold within D15A grafts. In sum, despite qualitative differences using the two vectors, increased neurotrophin secretion by the implanted D15A SCs led to the presence of a significantly increased number of axons in the contusion site. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential for utilizing neurotrophin-transduced SCs to repair the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Golden
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Oudega
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrick M. Wood
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Corresponding author: , Tel. (305) 243-4596, Fax (305) 243-3923, Lois Pope LIFE Center, P.O Box 016960, Mail locator R-48, Miami, FL 33101
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Massey JM, Amps J, Viapiano MS, Matthews RT, Wagoner MR, Whitaker CM, Alilain W, Yonkof AL, Khalyfa A, Cooper NGF, Silver J, Onifer SM. Increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in denervated brainstem targets following spinal cord injury creates a barrier to axonal regeneration overcome by chondroitinase ABC and neurotrophin-3. Exp Neurol 2007; 209:426-45. [PMID: 17540369 PMCID: PMC2270474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression in the vicinity of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is a primary participant in axonal regeneration failure. However, the presence of similar increases of CSPG expression in denervated synaptic targets well away from the primary lesion and the subsequent impact on regenerating axons attempting to approach deafferented neurons have not been studied. Constitutively expressed CSPGs within the extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets of the adult rat dorsal column nuclei (DCN) were characterized using real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We show for the first time that by 2 days and through 3 weeks following SCI, the levels of NG2, neurocan and brevican associated with reactive glia throughout the DCN were dramatically increased throughout the DCN despite being well beyond areas of trauma-induced blood brain barrier breakdown. Importantly, regenerating axons from adult sensory neurons microtransplanted 2 weeks following SCI between the injury site and the DCN were able to regenerate rapidly within white matter (as shown previously by Davies et al. [Davies, S.J., Goucher, D.R., Doller, C., Silver, J., 1999. Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 19, 5810-5822]) but were unable to enter the denervated DCN. Application of chondroitinase ABC or neurotrophin-3-expressing lentivirus in the DCN partially overcame this inhibition. When the treatments were combined, entrance by regenerating axons into the DCN was significantly augmented. These results demonstrate both an additional challenge and potential treatment strategy for successful functional pathway reconstruction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Massey
- M.D./Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Jeremy Amps
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Mariano S. Viapiano
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
| | - Russell. T. Matthews
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
| | - Michelle R. Wagoner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Christopher M. Whitaker
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Warren Alilain
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Alicia L. Yonkof
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Nigel G. F. Cooper
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
- Address for correspondence, proofs, and reprint requests: Stephen M. Onifer, Ph.D., Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB B365, 741 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, U.S.A., TELEPHONE: (859) 323-5226, FAX: (859) 257-5737, EMAIL:
| | - Stephen M. Onifer
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
- Department of Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
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