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Longo L, Marschner RA, de Freitas LBR, de Bona LR, Behrens L, Pereira MHM, de Souza VEG, Leonhard LC, Zanettini G, Pinzon CE, Lima GJSP, Schmidt Cerski CT, Uribe-Cruz C, Wajner SM, Álvares-da-Silva MR. Redefining the Role of Ornithine Aspartate and Vitamin E in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease through Its Biochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6839. [PMID: 38999949 PMCID: PMC11241397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that the inflammation process leading to oxidative stress and thyroid hormone metabolism dysfunction is highly altered in metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to address the effect of ornithine aspartate (LOLA) and vitamin E (VitE) in improving these processes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups and treated for 28 weeks: controls (n = 10) received a standard diet (for 28 weeks) plus gavage with distilled water (DW) from weeks 16 to 28. MASLD groups received a high-fat and choline-deficient diet for 28 weeks (MASLD group) and daily gavage with 200 mg/kg/day of LOLA, or twice a week with 150 mg of VitE from weeks 16-28. LOLA diminished collagen deposition (p = 0.006). The same treatment diminished carbonyl, TBARS, and sulfhydryl levels and GPx activity (p < 0.001). Type 3 deiodinase increased in the MASLD group, downregulating T3-controlled genes, which was corrected in the presence of LOLA. LOLA also promoted a near-normalization of complex II, SDH, and GDH activities (p < 0.001) and improved reticulum stress, with a reduction in GRP78 and HSPA9/GRP75 protein levels (p < 0.05). The enhanced energy production and metabolism of thyroid hormones, probably because of GSH replenishment provided by the L-glutamate portion of LOLA, opens a new therapeutic approach for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Bainy Rodrigues de Freitas
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Renata de Bona
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Behrens
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Mariano Pereira
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valessa Emanoele Gabriel de Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cecília Leonhard
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giulianna Zanettini
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Pinzon
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Jorge Semmelmann Pereira Lima
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Guo J, Wang S, Wan X, Liu X, Wang Z, Liang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yan M, Wu P, Fang S, Yu B. Mitochondria-derived methylmalonic acid aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating reactive oxygen species-dependent ferroptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38238728 PMCID: PMC10797736 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulatory cell death process pivotal in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise mechanism underlying myocardial ferroptosis remains less known. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of methylmalonic acid (MMA) associated with ferroptosis activation in cardiomyocytes after I/R. We found an increase level of MMA in patients with acute myocardial injury after reperfusion and AC16 cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition. MMA treatment was found to be associated with excessive oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, leading to ferroptosis-related myocardial injury. In mice with I/R injury, MMA treatment aggravated myocardial oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which amplified the myocardial infarct size and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, MMA promoted NOX2/4 expression to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiomyocytes, aggravating myocardial injury. Notably, the increased ROS further activated ferroptosis by inhibiting solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. In addition, MMA decreased the ectopic nuclear distribution of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by increasing the interaction between NRF2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). This impeded the activation of GPX4/SLC7A11, downstream of NRF2, activating ferroptosis and aggravating myocardial cell injury. Collectively, our study indicates that MMA activates oxidative stress and ROS generation, which induces ferroptosis to exacerbate cardiomyocyte injury in an I/R model. These findings may provide a new perspective for the clinical treatment of I/R injury and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Chenchen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Pengyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Bortoluzzi VT, Ribeiro RT, Pinheiro CV, Castro ET, Tavares TQ, Leipnitz G, Sass JO, Castilho RF, Amaral AU, Wajner M. N-Acetylglutamate and N-acetylmethionine compromise mitochondrial bioenergetics homeostasis and glutamate oxidation in brain of developing rats: Potential implications for the pathogenesis of ACY1 deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149123. [PMID: 37871522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder biochemically characterized by high urinary concentrations of aliphatic N-acetylated amino acids and associated with a broad clinical spectrum with predominant neurological signs. Considering that the pathogenesis of ACY1 is practically unknown and the brain is highly dependent on energy production, the in vitro effects of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) and N-acetylmethionine (NAM), major metabolites accumulating in ACY1 deficiency, on the enzyme activities of the citric acid cycle (CAC), of the respiratory chain complexes and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), as well as on ATP synthesis were evaluated in brain mitochondrial preparations of developing rats. NAG mildly inhibited mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) activity, moderately inhibited the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3) and complex II-III of the respiratory chain and markedly suppressed the activities of complex IV and GDH. Of note, the NAG-induced inhibitory effect on IDH3 was competitive, whereas that on GDH was mixed. On the other hand, NAM moderately inhibited the activity of respiratory complexes II-III and GDH activities and strongly decreased complex IV activity. Furthermore, NAM was unable to modify any of the CAC enzyme activities, indicating a selective effect of NAG toward IDH mitochondrial isoforms. In contrast, the activities of citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and of the respiratory chain complexes I and II were not changed by these N-acetylated amino acids. Finally, NAG and NAM strongly decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Taken together, the data indicate that NAG and NAM impair mitochondrial brain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Trindade Bortoluzzi
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Camila Vieira Pinheiro
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Ediandra Tissot Castro
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Tailine Quevedo Tavares
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences & Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PPG Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil.
| | - Moacir Wajner
- PPG Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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4
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Wang S, Guo J, Liu X, Tian W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, E M, Fang S. Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: evidence from a population-based cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:114. [PMID: 37264434 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sex-based differences in diabetes remain poorly understood. Mitochondrial metabolite methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation reflects mitochondrial dysfunction which is involved in sex-specific pathophysiological responses biologically. We aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between mortality risk and MMA in adults with the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cohort study included 24,164 adults (12,123 females and 12,041 males) from the NHANES study during 1999-2014. Both sexes were separately categorized as those with no diabetes, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes. Circulating MMA level was measured at baseline by mass-spectrometric detection. Mortality status was ascertained from baseline until December 31, 2015. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 3375 deaths were documented. Males had a particularly higher mortality than females in adults with diagnosed diabetes compared to differences in those with no diabetes, prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (sex differences in mortality rate per 1000 person-years across diabetic status: 0.62, 1.44, 5.78, and 9.77, p < 0.001). Notably, the sex-specific difference in associations between MMA and mortality was significant only in adults with diagnosed diabetes (p for interaction = 0.028), not in adults with no diabetes and prediabetes. Adjusted HRs (95%CIs) per doubling of MMA for all-cause mortality were 1.19 (1.04-1.37) in females with diagnosed diabetes versus 1.58 (1.36-1.86) in male counterparts. In addition, MMA levels had an insignificant or weak correlation with sex hormone profiles at baseline, regardless of diabetes status and sex. CONCLUSIONS Sex difference in mortality risk was especially significant in diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Increasing equivalent exposure to mitochondrial metabolite MMA was associated with a greater excess risk of future mortality in males with diabetes than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - JunChen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, 154000, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yige Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Nangang District, China.
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Bedont JL, Kolesnik A, Pivarshev P, Malik D, Hsu CT, Weljie A, Sehgal A. Chronic sleep loss sensitizes Drosophila melanogaster to nitrogen stress. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1613-1623.e5. [PMID: 36965479 PMCID: PMC10133188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss profoundly impacts metabolic health and shortens lifespan, but studies of the mechanisms involved have focused largely on acute sleep deprivation.1,2 To identify metabolic consequences of chronically reduced sleep, we conducted unbiased metabolomics on heads of three adult Drosophila short-sleeping mutants with very different mechanisms of sleep loss: fumin (fmn), redeye (rye), and sleepless (sss).3,4,5,6,7 Common features included elevated ornithine and polyamines, with lipid, acyl-carnitine, and TCA cycle changes suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies of excretion demonstrate inefficient nitrogen elimination in adult sleep mutants, likely contributing to their polyamine accumulation. Increasing levels of polyamines, particularly putrescine, promote sleep in control flies but poison sleep mutants. This parallels the broadly enhanced toxicity of high dietary nitrogen load from protein in chronically sleep-restricted Drosophila, including both sleep mutants and flies with hyper-activated wake-promoting neurons. Together, our results implicate nitrogen stress as a novel mechanism linking chronic sleep loss to adverse health outcomes-and perhaps for linking food and sleep homeostasis at the cellular level in healthy organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Kolesnik
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pavel Pivarshev
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dania Malik
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cynthia T Hsu
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim Weljie
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Costa RT, Santos MB, Alberto-Silva C, Carrettiero DC, Ribeiro CAJ. Methylmalonic Acid Impairs Cell Respiration and Glutamate Uptake in C6 Rat Glioma Cells: Implications for Methylmalonic Acidemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1163-1180. [PMID: 35674974 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is an organic acidemia caused by deficient activity of L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or its cofactor cyanocobalamin and it is biochemically characterized by an accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in tissue and body fluids of patients. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are neurological and observable symptoms during metabolic decompensation are encephalopathy, cerebral atrophy, coma, and seizures, which commonly appear in newborns. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of MMA in a glial cell line presenting astrocytic features. Astroglial C6 cells were exposed to MMA (0.1-10 mM) for 24 or 48 h and cell metabolic viability, glucose consumption, and oxygen consumption rate, as well as glutamate uptake and ATP content were analyzed. The possible preventive effects of bezafibrate were also evaluated. MMA significantly reduced cell metabolic viability after 48-h period and increased glucose consumption during the same period of incubation. Regarding the energy homeostasis, MMA significantly reduced respiratory parameters of cells after 48-h exposure, indicating that cell metabolism is compromised at resting and reserve capacity state, which might influence the cell capacity to meet energetic demands. Glutamate uptake and ATP content were also compromised after exposure to MMA, which can be influenced energy metabolism impairment, affecting the functionality of the astroglial cells. Our findings suggest that these effects could be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological dysfunction of this disease. Methylmalonic acid compromises mitochondrial functioning leading to reduced ATP production and reduces glutamate uptake by C6 astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Marcella B Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - César A J Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil.
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7
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Ribeiro RT, Roginski AC, Marschner RA, Wajner SM, Castilho RF, Amaral AU, Wajner M. Disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium retention capacity and cell viability caused by D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the heart. Biochimie 2023; 207:153-164. [PMID: 36372308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2-HG) is the biochemical hallmark of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I and, particularly, of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II (D2HGA2). D2HGA2 is a metabolic inherited disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in the gene isocitrate dehydrogenase 2. It is clinically characterized by neurological abnormalities and a severe cardiomyopathy whose pathogenesis is still poorly established. The present work investigated the potential cardiotoxicity D-2-HG, by studying its in vitro effects on a large spectrum of bioenergetics parameters in heart of young rats and in cultivated H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. D-2-HG impaired cellular respiration in purified mitochondrial preparations and crude homogenates from heart of young rats, as well as in digitonin-permeabilized H9c2 cells. ATP production and the activities of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and creatine kinase were also inhibited by D-2-HG, whereas the activities of complexes I, II and II-III of the respiratory chain, glutamate, succinate and malate dehydrogenases were not altered. We also found that this organic acid compromised mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity in heart mitochondrial preparations and H9c2 myoblasts. Finally, D-2-HG reduced the viability of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts, as determined by the MTT test and by propidium iodide incorporation. Noteworthy, L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid did not change some of these measurements (complex IV and creatine kinase activities) in heart preparations, indicating a selective inhibitory effect of the enantiomer D. In conclusion, it is presumed that D-2-HG-disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca2+ retention capacity, which may be involved in the cardiomyopathy commonly observed in D2HGA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai e Das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Marschner RA, Roginski AC, Ribeiro RT, Longo L, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Wajner SM. Uncovering Actions of Type 3 Deiodinase in the Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Cells 2023; 12:cells12071022. [PMID: 37048095 PMCID: PMC10093729 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has gained worldwide attention as a public health problem. Nonetheless, lack of enough mechanistic knowledge restrains effective treatments. It is known that thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Liver dysfunction of type 3 deiodinase (D3) contributes to MAFLD, but its role is not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate the role of D3 in the progression of MAFLD in an animal model. Methodology: Male/adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 20) were allocated to a control group (2.93 kcal/g) and high-fat diet group (4.3 kcal/g). Euthanasia took place on the 28th week. D3 activity and expression, Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) and type 1 deiodinase (D1) expression, oxidative stress status, mitochondrial, Krebs cycle and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in liver tissue were measured. Results: We observed an increase in D3 activity/expression (p < 0.001) related to increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyls and diminished reduced glutathione (GSH) in the MAFLD group (p < 0.05). There was a D3-dependent decrease in UCP2 expression (p = 0.01), mitochondrial capacity, respiratory activity with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in the MAFLD group (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, in an environment with lower T3 levels due to high D3 activity, we observed an augmented alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes activity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Induced D3, triggered by changes in the REDOX state, decreases T3 availability and hepatic mitochondrial capacity. The Krebs cycle enzymes were altered as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these results shed new light on the role of D3 metabolism in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemestry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemestry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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de Souza Almeida RR, Bobermin LD, Parmeggiani B, Wartchow KM, Souza DO, Gonçalves CA, Wajner M, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A. Methylmalonic acid induces inflammatory response and redox homeostasis disruption in C6 astroglial cells: potential glioprotective roles of melatonin and resveratrol. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1505-1517. [PMID: 35927507 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is a neurometabolic disorder biochemically characterized by the accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in different tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). In this sense, it has been shown that high levels of this organic acid have a key role in the progressive neurological deterioration in patients. Astroglial cells actively participate in a wide range of CNS functions, such as antioxidant defenses and inflammatory response. Considering the role of these cells to maintain brain homeostasis, in the present study, we investigated the effects of MMA on glial parameters, focusing on redox homeostasis and inflammatory process, as well as putative mediators of these events in C6 astroglial cells. MMA decreased cell viability, glutathione levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, increased inflammatory response, and changed the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and adenosine receptors, suggesting that these transcriptional factors and proteins may underlie the glial responses induced by MMA. Moreover, we also demonstrated the protective roles of melatonin and resveratrol against MMA-induced inflammation and decrease in glutathione levels. In summary, our findings support the hypothesis that astroglial changes are associated with pathogenesis of methylmalonic acidemia. In addition, we showed that these cells might be potential targets for preventive/therapeutic strategies by using molecules, such as melatonin and resveratrol, which mediated glioprotection in this inborn error of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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10
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de Moura Alvorcem L, Britto R, Cecatto C, Cristina Roginski A, Rohden F, Nathali Scholl J, Guma FCR, Figueiró F, Umpierrez Amaral A, Zanatta G, Seminotti B, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Ethylmalonic acid impairs bioenergetics by disturbing succinate and glutamate oxidation and induces mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in rat cerebellum. J Neurochem 2021; 158:262-281. [PMID: 33837559 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of ethylmalonic acid (EMA) are found in ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE), an inherited disorder associated with cerebral and cerebellar atrophy whose pathogenesis is poorly established. The in vitro and in vivo effects of EMA on bioenergetics and redox homeostasis were investigated in rat cerebellum. For the in vitro studies, cerebellum preparations were exposed to EMA, whereas intracerebellar injection of EMA was used for the in vivo evaluation. EMA reduced state 3 and uncoupled respiration in vitro in succinate-, glutamate-, and malate-supported mitochondria, whereas decreased state 4 respiration was observed using glutamate and malate. Furthermore, mitochondria permeabilization and succinate supplementation diminished the decrease in state 3 with succinate. EMA also inhibited the activity of KGDH, an enzyme necessary for glutamate oxidation, in a mixed manner and augmented mitochondrial efflux of α-ketoglutarate. ATP levels were markedly reduced by EMA, reflecting a severe bioenergetic disruption. Docking simulations also indicated interactions between EMA and KGDH and a competition with glutamate and succinate for their mitochondrial transporters. In vitro findings also showed that EMA decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ retention capacity, and induced swelling in the presence of Ca2+ , which were prevented by cyclosporine A and ADP and ruthenium red, indicating mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Moreover, EMA, at high concentrations, mildly increased ROS levels and altered antioxidant defenses in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that EMA-induced impairment of glutamate and succinate oxidation and MPT may contribute to the pathogenesis of the cerebellum abnormalities in EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Moura Alvorcem
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Britto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima C R Guma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Subunits Are Essential for Pyruvate-Driven Respiration, Infectivity, and Intracellular Replication of Trypanosoma cruzi. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.00540-21. [PMID: 33824204 PMCID: PMC8092248 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00540-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, and its transport into the mitochondrion is mediated by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) subunits. Pyruvate is the final metabolite of glycolysis and can be converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in mitochondria, where it is used as the substrate for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Pyruvate availability in mitochondria depends on its active transport through the heterocomplex formed by the mitochondrial pyruvate carriers 1 and 2 (MPC1/MPC2). We report here studies on MPC1/MPC2 of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Endogenous tagging of T. cruziMPC1 (TcMPC1) and TcMPC2 with 3×c-Myc showed that both encoded proteins colocalize with MitoTracker to the mitochondria of epimastigotes. Individual knockout (KO) of TcMPC1 and TcMPC2 genes using CRISPR/Cas9 was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Digitonin-permeabilized TcMPC1-KO and TcMPC2-KO epimastigotes showed reduced O2 consumption rates when pyruvate, but not succinate, was used as the mitochondrial substrate, while α-ketoglutarate increased their O2 consumption rates due to an increase in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. Defective mitochondrial pyruvate import resulted in decreased Ca2+ uptake. The inhibitors UK5099 and malonate impaired pyruvate-driven oxygen consumption in permeabilized control cells. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate indicated that pyruvate needs to be converted into succinate to increase respiration. TcMPC1-KO and TcMPC2-KO epimastigotes showed little growth differences in standard or low-glucose culture medium. However, the ability of trypomastigotes to infect tissue culture cells and replicate as intracellular amastigotes was decreased in TcMPC-KOs. Overall, T. cruzi MPC1 and MPC2 are essential for cellular respiration in the presence of pyruvate, invasion of host cells, and replication of amastigotes.
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12
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Wajner M, Vargas CR, Amaral AU. Disruption of mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress contribute to neurologic dysfunction in organic acidurias. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108646. [PMID: 33098870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic acidurias (OADs) are inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of short-chain carboxylic acids in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients and clinically by predominant neurological manifestations. Some of these disorders are amenable to treatment, which significantly decreases mortality and morbidity, but it is still ineffective to prevent long-term neurologic and systemic complications. Although pathogenesis of OADs is still poorly established, recent human and animal data, such as lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, decreased activities of respiratory chain complexes and altered parameters of oxidative stress, found in tissues from patients and from genetic mice models with these diseases indicate that disruption of critical mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress play an important role in their pathophysiology. Furthermore, organic acids that accumulate in the most prevalent OADs were shown to compromise bioenergetics, by decreasing ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing equivalent content and calcium retention capacity, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and apoptosis. It is therefore presumed that secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by major metabolites accumulating in OADs contribute to tissue damage in these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
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13
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Impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and permeability transition induction caused by major long-chain fatty acids accumulating in VLCAD deficiency in skeletal muscle as potential pathomechanisms of myopathy. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Furtado DZS, Leite FBVDM, Jedlicka LDL, Souza DS, Barreto CN, da Silva HDT, Assunção NA. Targeted analysis reveals alteration in pathway in 5p minus individuals. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4673. [PMID: 31385327 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cri du Chat or 5p minus (5p-) syndrome is characterized by a deletion located on the chromosome 5 short (-p) arm and has an incidence rate of 1 in 50,000 individuals worldwide. This disease manifests in disturbances across a range of systems biochemicals. Therefore, a targeted metabolomics analysis was evaluated in patients with 5p- syndrome to help unravel the biochemical changes that occur in this disease. Urine samples were collected from people of both sexes aged 1-38 years old and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Student' statistical test, metabolomic pathway analysis and metabolite set enrichment analysis were applied to the data. Alterations of some amino acids and amine biogenics levels were found in Cri du Chat Syndrome individuals. The alteration of most of these metabolites is associated with energy recuperation and glycolysis. In general, we found the catabolism of some metabolic pathways to be affected in 5p- patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Zildeana Sousa Furtado
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura Leite
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Dias Lima Jedlicka
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Brazil
| | - Danilo Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Núcleo de Graduação em Agroindústria, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cleber Nunes Barreto
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heron Dominguez Torres da Silva
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Antonio Assunção
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres em Sistemas Biológicos e Bioanalítica, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Wongkittichote P, Cunningham G, Summar ML, Pumbo E, Forny P, Baumgartner MR, Chapman KA. Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities in a mouse model of methylmalonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:444-451. [PMID: 31648943 PMCID: PMC6903684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a propionate pathway disorder caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT). MMUT catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, an anaplerotic reaction which feeds into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As part of the pathological mechanisms of MMA, previous studies have suggested there is decreased TCA activity due to a "toxic inhibition" of TCA cycle enzymes by MMA related metabolites, in addition to reduced anaplerosis. Here, we have utilized mitochondria isolated from livers of a mouse model of MMA (Mut-ko/ki) and their littermate controls (Ki/wt) to examine the amounts and enzyme functions of most of the TCA cycle enzymes. We have performed mRNA quantification, protein semi-quantitation, and enzyme activity quantification for TCA cycle enzymes in these samples. Expression profiling showed increased mRNA levels of fumarate hydratase in the Mut-ko/ki samples, which by contrast had reduced protein levels as detected by immunoblot, while all other mRNA levels were unaltered. Immunoblotting also revealed decreased protein levels of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase 2. Interesting, the decreased protein amount of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was reflected in decreased activity for this enzyme while there is a trend towards decreased activity of fumarate hydratase and malate dehydrogenase 2. Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2/3, succinyl-CoA synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase are not statistically different in terms of quantity of enzyme or activity. Finally, we found decreased activity when examining the function of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in series with succinate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase in the Mut-ko/ki mice compared to their littermate controls, as expected. This study demonstrates decreased activity of certain TCA cycle enzymes and by corollary decreased TCA cycle function, but it supports decreased protein quantity rather than "toxic inhibition" as the underlying mechanism of action. SUMMARY: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an inborn metabolic disorder of propionate catabolism. In this disorder, toxic metabolites are considered to be the major pathogenic mechanism for acute and long-term complications. However, despite optimized therapies aimed at reducing metabolite levels, patients continue to suffer from late complications, including metabolic stroke and renal insufficiency. Since the propionate pathway feeds into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, we investigated TCA cycle function in a constitutive MMA mouse model. We demonstrated decreased amounts of the TCA enzymes, Mdh2 and Ogdh as semi-quantified by immunoblot. Enzymatic activity of Ogdh is also decreased in the MMA mouse model compared to controls. Thus, when the enzyme amounts are decreased, we see the enzymatic activity also decreased to a similar extent for Ogdh. Further studies to elucidate the structural and/or functional links between the TCA cycle and propionate pathways might lead to new treatment approaches for MMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary Cunningham
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Marshall L Summar
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Elena Pumbo
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Patrick Forny
- Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, The Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; The radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, the Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, The Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; The radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, the Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kimberly A Chapman
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States.
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Haijes HA, van Hasselt PM, Jans JJM, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Pathophysiology of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias. Part 2: Treatment strategies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:745-761. [PMID: 31119742 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite realizing increased survival rates for propionic acidemia (PA) and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) patients, the current therapeutic regimen is inadequate for preventing or treating the devastating complications that still can occur. The elucidation of pathophysiology of these complications allows us to evaluate and rethink treatment strategies. In this review we display and discuss potential therapy targets and we give a systematic overview on current, experimental and unexplored treatment strategies in order to provide insight in what we have to offer PA and MMA patients, now and in the future. Evidence on the effectiveness of treatment strategies is often scarce, since none were tested in randomized clinical trials. This raises concerns, since even the current consensus on best practice treatment for PA and MMA is not without controversy. To attain substantial improvements in overall outcome, gene, mRNA or enzyme replacement therapy is most promising since permanent reduction of toxic metabolites allows for a less strict therapeutic regime. Hereby, both mitochondrial-associated and therapy induced complications can theoretically be prevented. However, the road from bench to bedside is long, as it is challenging to design a drug that is delivered to the mitochondria of all tissues that require enzymatic activity, including the brain, without inducing any off-target effects. To improve survival rate and quality of life of PA and MMA patients, there is a need for systematic (re-)evaluation of accepted and potential treatment strategies, so that we can better determine who will benefit when and how from which treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke A Haijes
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Section Metabolic Diseases, Department of Child Health, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Section Metabolic Diseases, Department of Child Health, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith J M Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ilex paraguariensis Attenuates Changes in Mortality, Behavioral and Biochemical Parameters Associated to Methyl Malonate or Malonate Exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2202-2214. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Experimental evidence that maleic acid markedly compromises glutamate oxidation through inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities in kidney of developing rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:99-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Gabbi P, Nogueira V, Haupental F, Rodrigues FS, do Nascimento PS, Barbosa S, Arend J, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Dos Santos ARS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR. Ammonia role in glial dysfunction in methylmalonic acidemia. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:237-248. [PMID: 30008432 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a common finding in patients with methylmalonic acidemia. However, its contribution to methylmalonate (MMA)-induced neurotoxicity is poorly understood. The aim of this study was evaluate whether an acute metabolic damage to brain during the neonatal period may disrupt cerebral development, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders, as memory deficit. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular dose of MMA and/or NH4Cl, administered 12 hs after birth. The maze tests showed that MMA and NH4Cl injected animals (21 and 40 days old) exhibited deficit in the working memory test, but not in the reference memory test. Furthermore, MMA and NH4Cl increased the levels of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCF), TNF-α, IL-1β in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of mice. MMA and NH4Cl also increased glial proliferation in all structures. Since the treatment of MMA and ammonia increased cytokines levels, we suggested that it might be a consequence of the glial activation induced by the acid and ammonia, leading to delay in the developing brain and contributing to behavioral alterations. However, this hypothesis is speculative in nature and more studies are needed to clarify this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gabbi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Haupental
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severo do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Josi Arend
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, UFSM, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFSM, Brazil.
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20
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Cecatto C, Amaral AU, da Silva JC, Wajner A, Schimit MDOV, da Silva LHR, Wajner SM, Zanatta Â, Castilho RF, Wajner M. Metabolite accumulation in VLCAD deficiency markedly disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca 2+ homeostasis in the heart. FEBS J 2018; 285:1437-1455. [PMID: 29476646 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of the major long-chain fatty acids accumulating in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, namely cis-5-tetradecenoic acid (Cis-5) and myristic acid (Myr), on important mitochondrial functions in isolated mitochondria from cardiac fibers and cardiomyocytes of juvenile rats. Cis-5 and Myr at pathological concentrations markedly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ), matrix NAD(P)H pool, Ca2+ retention capacity, ADP- (state 3) and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazine-stimulated (uncoupled) respiration, and ATP generation. By contrast, these fatty acids increased resting (state 4) respiration (uncoupling effect) with the involvement of the adenine nucleotide translocator because carboxyatractyloside significantly attenuated the increased state 4 respiration provoked by Cis-5 and Myr. Furthermore, the classical inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore cyclosporin A plus ADP, as well as the Ca2+ uptake blocker ruthenium red, fully prevented the Cis-5- and Myr-induced decrease in ΔΨm in Ca2+ -loaded mitochondria, suggesting, respectively, the induction of MPT pore opening and the contribution of Ca2+ toward these effects. The findings of the present study indicate that the major long-chain fatty acids that accumulate in VLCAD deficiency disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca2+ homeostasis, acting as uncouplers and metabolic inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, as well as inducers of MPT pore opening, in the heart at pathological relevant concentrations. It is therefore presumed that a disturbance of bioenergetics and Ca2+ homeostasis may contribute to the cardiac manifestations observed in VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Janaína Camacho da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Vargas Schimit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Erlich‐Hadad T, Hadad R, Feldman A, Greif H, Lictenstein M, Lorberboum‐Galski H. TAT-MTS-MCM fusion proteins reduce MMA levels and improve mitochondrial activity and liver function in MCM-deficient cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1601-1613. [PMID: 29265583 PMCID: PMC5824393 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a disorder of organic acid metabolism resulting from a functional defect of the mitochondrial enzyme, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). The main treatments for MMA patients are dietary restriction of propiogenic amino acids and carnitine supplementation. Liver or combined liver/kidney transplantation has been used to treat those with the most severe clinical manifestations. Thus, therapies are necessary to help improve quality of life and prevent liver, renal and neurological complications. Previously, we successfully used the TAT-MTS-Protein approach for replacing a number of mitochondrial-mutated proteins. In this targeted system, TAT, an 11 a.a peptide, which rapidly and efficiently can cross biological membranes, is fused to a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), followed by the mitochondrial mature protein which sends the protein into the mitochondria. In the mitochondria, the TAT-MTS is cleaved off and the native protein integrates into its natural complexes and is fully functional. In this study, we used heterologous MTSs of human, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, to target the human MCM protein into the mitochondria. All fusion proteins reached the mitochondria and successfully underwent processing. Treatment of MMA patient fibroblasts with these fusion proteins restored mitochondrial activity such as ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption, indicating the importance of mitochondrial function in this disease. Treatment with the fusion proteins enhanced cell viability and most importantly reduced MMA levels. Treatment also enhanced albumin and urea secretion in a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered HepG2 MUT (-/-) liver cell line. Therefore, we suggest using this TAT-MTS-Protein approach for the treatment of MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Erlich‐Hadad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rita Hadad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | | | - Michal Lictenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Haya Lorberboum‐Galski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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22
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Serbulea V, Upchurch CM, Ahern KW, Bories G, Voigt P, DeWeese DE, Meher AK, Harris TE, Leitinger N. Macrophages sensing oxidized DAMPs reprogram their metabolism to support redox homeostasis and inflammation through a TLR2-Syk-ceramide dependent mechanism. Mol Metab 2018; 7:23-34. [PMID: 29153923 PMCID: PMC5784323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages control tissue homeostasis and inflammation by sensing and responding to environmental cues. However, the metabolic adaptation of macrophages to oxidative tissue damage and its translation into inflammatory mechanisms remains enigmatic. METHODS Here we identify the critical regulatory pathways that are induced by endogenous oxidation-derived DAMPs (oxidized phospholipids, OxPL) in vitro, leading to formation of a unique redox-regulatory metabolic phenotype (Mox), which is strikingly different from conventional classical or alternative macrophage activation. RESULTS Unexpectedly, metabolomic analyses demonstrated that Mox heavily rely on glucose metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to support GSH production and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression. While the metabolic adaptation of macrophages to OxPL involved transient suppression of aerobic glycolysis, it also led to upregulation of inflammatory gene expression. In contrast to classically activated (M1) macrophages, Hif1α mediated expression of OxPL-induced Glut1 and VEGF but was dispensable for Il1β expression. Mechanistically, we show that OxPL suppress mitochondrial respiration via TLR2-dependent ceramide production, redirecting TCA metabolites to GSH synthesis. Finally, we identify spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) as a critical downstream signaling mediator that translates OxPL-induced effects into ceramide production and inflammatory gene regulation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate the metabolic and bioenergetic requirements that enable macrophages to translate tissue oxidation status into either antioxidant or inflammatory responses via sensing OxPL. Targeting dysregulated redox homeostasis in macrophages could therefore lead to novel therapies to treat chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Clint M Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Katelyn W Ahern
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Gael Bories
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Paxton Voigt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Dory E DeWeese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Akshaya K Meher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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23
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α-Ketoadipic Acid and α-Aminoadipic Acid Cause Disturbance of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Induction of Oxidative Stress In Vitro in Brain of Adolescent Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:276-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent clinical studies and management guidelines for the treatment of the organic acidopathies methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia address the scope of interventions to maximize health and quality of life. Unfortunately, these disorders continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality due to acute and chronic systemic and end-organ injury. RECENT FINDINGS Dietary management with medical foods has been a mainstay of therapy for decades, yet well controlled patients can manifest growth, development, cardiac, ophthalmological, renal, and neurological complications. Patients with organic acidopathies suffer metabolic brain injury that targets specific regions of the basal ganglia in a distinctive pattern, and these injuries may occur even with optimal management during metabolic stress. Liver transplantation has improved quality of life and metabolic stability, yet transplantation in this population does not entirely prevent brain injury or the development of optic neuropathy and cardiac disease. SUMMARY Management guidelines should identify necessary screening for patients with methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia, and improve anticipatory management of progressive end-organ disease. Liver transplantation improves overall metabolic control, but injury to nonregenerative tissues may not be mitigated. Continued use of medical foods in these patients requires prospective studies to demonstrate evidence of benefit in a controlled manner.
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Cudré-Cung HP, Zavadakova P, do Vale-Pereira S, Remacle N, Henry H, Ivanisevic J, Tavel D, Braissant O, Ballhausen D. Ammonium accumulation is a primary effect of 2-methylcitrate exposure in an in vitro model for brain damage in methylmalonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:57-67. [PMID: 27599447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using 3D organotypic rat brain cell cultures in aggregates we recently identified 2-methylcitrate (2-MCA) as the main toxic metabolite for developing brain cells in methylmalonic aciduria. Exposure to 2-MCA triggered morphological changes and apoptosis of brain cells. This was accompanied by increased ammonium and decreased glutamine levels. However, the sequence and causal relationship between these phenomena remained unclear. To understand the sequence and time course of pathogenic events, we exposed 3D rat brain cell aggregates to different concentrations of 2-MCA (0.1, 0.33 and 1.0mM) from day in vitro (DIV) 11 to 14. Aggregates were harvested at different time points from DIV 12 to 19. We compared the effects of a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA administered on DIV 11 to the effects of repeated doses of 1mM 2-MCA. Pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD FMK or Q-VD-OPh were used to block apoptosis. Ammonium accumulation in the culture medium started within few hours after the first 2-MCA exposure. Morphological changes of the developing brain cells were already visible after 17h. The highest rate of cleaved caspase-3 was observed after 72h. A dose-response relationship was observed for all effects. Surprisingly, a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA was sufficient to induce all of the biochemical and morphological changes in this model. 2-MCA-induced ammonium accumulation and morphological changes were not prevented by concomitant treatment of the cultures with pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD FMK or Q-VD-OPh: ammonium increased rapidly after a single 1mM 2-MCA administration even after apoptosis blockade. We conclude that following exposure to 2-MCA, ammonium production in brain cell cultures is an early phenomenon, preceding cell degeneration and apoptosis, and may actually be the cause of the other changes observed. The fact that a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA is sufficient to induce deleterious effects over several days highlights the potential damaging effects of even short-lasting metabolic decompensations in children affected by methylmalonic aciduria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Zavadakova
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | | | - Noémie Remacle
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Biomedicine, Innovation & Development, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Research Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Tavel
- Department of Physiology, Lausanne University, Switzerland
| | | | - Diana Ballhausen
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
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26
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Royes LFF, Gabbi P, Ribeiro LR, Della-Pace ID, Rodrigues FS, de Oliveira Ferreira AP, da Silveira Junior MEP, da Silva LRH, Grisólia ABA, Braga DV, Dobrachinski F, da Silva AMHO, Soares FAA, Marchesan S, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR. A neuronal disruption in redox homeostasis elicited by ammonia alters the glycine/glutamate (GABA) cycle and contributes to MMA-induced excitability. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1373-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Amaral AU, Cecatto C, Castilho RF, Wajner M. 2-Methylcitric acid impairs glutamate metabolism and induces permeability transition in brain mitochondria. J Neurochem 2016; 137:62-75. [PMID: 26800654 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA) is observed in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias, which are clinically characterized by severe neurological symptoms. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of brain abnormalities in these diseases are poorly established and very little has been reported on the role of 2MCA. In the present work we found that 2MCA markedly inhibited ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate, with a less significant inhibition in pyruvate plus malate respiring mitochondria. However, no alterations occurred when α-ketoglutarate or succinate was used as respiratory substrates, suggesting a defect on glutamate oxidative metabolism. It was also observed that 2MCA decreased ATP formation in glutamate plus malate or pyruvate plus malate-supported mitochondria. Furthermore, 2MCA inhibited glutamate dehydrogenase activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Kinetic studies revealed that this inhibitory effect was competitive in relation to glutamate. In contrast, assays of osmotic swelling in non-respiring mitochondria suggested that 2MCA did not significantly impair mitochondrial glutamate transport. Finally, 2MCA provoked a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and induced swelling in Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria supported by different substrates. These effects were totally prevented by cyclosporine A plus ADP or ruthenium red, indicating induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that 2MCA behaves as a potent inhibitor of glutamate oxidation by inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase activity and as a permeability transition inducer, disturbing mitochondrial energy homeostasis. We presume that 2MCA-induced mitochondrial deleterious effects may contribute to the pathogenesis of brain damage in patients affected by methylmalonic and propionic acidemias. We propose that brain glutamate oxidation is disturbed by 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA), which accumulates in tissues from patients with propionic and methylmalonic acidemias because of a competitive inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. 2MCA also induced mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) and decreased ATP generation in brain mitochondria. We believe that these pathomechanisms may be involved in the neurological dysfunction of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Han L, Wu S, Ye J, Qiu W, Zhang H, Gao X, Wang Y, Gong Z, Jin J, Gu X. Biochemical, molecular and outcome analysis of eight chinese asymptomatic individuals with methyl malonic acidemia detected through newborn screening. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2300-5. [PMID: 25982642 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methyl malonic academia (MMA) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of methyl malonic acid in body fluids. Patients usually have a variety of clinical symptoms including recurrent vomiting, metabolic acidosis, developmental delay, seizure, or death. However, a few cases where the patients have no symptom are also reported. Here, we conducted clinical, biochemical, and molecular analysis of eight Chinese patients identified through newborn screening between 2003 and 2013. All the patients had significantly higher blood propionylcarnitine (C3) concentrations, ratio of propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine (C3/C2); and their urine methyl malonic acid and methylcitric acid (MCA) excretions were remarkably higher than normal at diagnosis and during follow-ups. In addition, five different known mutations were identified in seven of the eight patients in either MUT or MMACHC. All these mutations were expected to produce defective proteins that would result in decreased or even total loss of methyl malonyl-CoA mutase activity. However, normal outcomes were found in all patients in physical growth, intellectual performance and cerebral MRI analysis at diagnosis (range, 14-53 days) and during follow-ups (range, 1.8-10 years). Our study is the first report of Chinese MMA patients with increased secretion of methyl malonic acid and molecular defects in MUT or MMACHC yet remain asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshu Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Gao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuwen Gong
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Clinical features and management of organic acidemias in Japan. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:769-74. [PMID: 24067294 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organic acidemias (OAs) are rare inborn errors of metabolism. The clinical presentations of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia (PA) in Japan have not yet been examined in detail. We aimed to investigate the clinical presentations of OAs in Japan and evaluate current therapies for improving long-term outcomes, especially in MMA and PA cases. Questionnaires were sent to 928 institutions in 2009 inquiring about OAs, and secondary questionnaires were sent to those who confirmed that they had diagnosed and/or treated such cases; 119 cases were eventually included for analysis. In Japan, the majority of OAs was MMA, which was associated with a high mortality rate. The survival rates at 20 years of age in vitamin B12-unresponsive MMA, vitamin B12-responsive MMA and PA patients were 69.8%, 94.4% and 95.8%, respectively. Factors associated with mortality in MMA were failure to thrive, hypoglycemia and pancreatitis. Factors associated with mental retardation in vitamin B12-unresponsive MMA, vitamin B12-responsive MMA, and PA were seizure and liver dysfunction, seizure and failure to thrive, and failure to thrive, respectively. We advocated that avoiding failure to thrive due to too restricted protein diet, hypoglycemia and pancreatitis associated with mortality lead to improve outcome, especially in vitamin B12-unresponsive MMA patients.
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Samuel TM, Duggan C, Thomas T, Bosch R, Rajendran R, Virtanen SM, Srinivasan K, Kurpad AV. Vitamin B(12) intake and status in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 62:113-22. [PMID: 23344013 DOI: 10.1159/000345589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the vitamin B(12) status of South Indian women in early pregnancy and its relationship with sociodemographic, anthropometry and dietary intake. METHODS Cross-sectional study among 366 pregnant urban South Indian women ≤14 weeks of gestation with outcome variables defined as low vitamin B(12) blood concentration (<150 pmol/l) and impaired vitamin B(12) status [low vitamin B(12) plus elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) >0.26 µmol/l)]. RESULTS Low plasma vitamin B(12) concentration was observed in 51.1% of the women, while 42.4% had impaired B(12) status. Elevated MMA, elevated homocysteine (>10 µmol/l) and low erythrocyte folate (<283 nmol/l) were observed among 75.8, 43.3 and 22.2% of the women, respectively. The median (25th, 75th percentile) dietary intake of vitamin B(12) was 1.25 (0.86, 1.96) µg/day. Lower maternal body weight was associated with higher vitamin B(12) concentration [prevalence ratios (PR) (95% CI) 0.57 (0.39, 0.84)]. The predictors of impaired vitamin B(12) status were no consumption of yoghurt [PR (95% CI) 1.63 (1.03, 2.58)] or fish [PR (95% CI) 1.32 (1.01, 1.71)] and primiparity [PR (95% CI) 1.41 (1.05, 1.90)]. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of vitamin B(12) deficiency in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women was related to primiparity and to a low consumption of yoghurt and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinu Mary Samuel
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Jafari P, Braissant O, Zavadakova P, Henry H, Bonafé L, Ballhausen D. Brain damage in methylmalonic aciduria: 2-methylcitrate induces cerebral ammonium accumulation and apoptosis in 3D organotypic brain cell cultures. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:4. [PMID: 23298464 PMCID: PMC3567978 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic aciduria is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by accumulation of methylmalonate (MMA), propionate and 2-methylcitrate (2-MCA) in body fluids. Early diagnosis and current treatment strategies aimed at limiting the production of these metabolites are only partially effective in preventing neurological damage. METHODS To explore the metabolic consequences of methylmalonic aciduria on the brain, we used 3D organotypic brain cell cultures from rat embryos. We challenged the cultures at two different developmental stages with 1 mM MMA, propionate or 2-MCA applied 6 times every 12 h. In a dose-response experiment cultures were challenged with 0.01, 0.1, 0.33 and 1 mM 2-MCA. Immunohistochemical staining for different brain cell markers were used to assess cell viability, morphology and differentiation. Significant changes were validated by western blot analysis. Biochemical markers were analyzed in culture media. Apoptosis was studied by immunofluorescence staining and western blots for activated caspase-3. RESULTS Among the three metabolites tested, 2-MCA consistently produced the most pronounced effects. Exposure to 2-MCA caused morphological changes in neuronal and glial cells already at 0.01 mM. At the biochemical level the most striking result was a significant ammonium increase in culture media with a concomitant glutamine decrease. Dose-response studies showed significant and parallel changes of ammonium and glutamine starting from 0.1 mM 2-MCA. An increased apoptosis rate was observed by activation of caspase-3 after exposure to at least 0.1 mM 2-MCA. CONCLUSION Surprisingly, 2-MCA, and not MMA, seems to be the most toxic metabolite in our in vitro model leading to delayed axonal growth, apoptosis of glial cells and to unexpected ammonium increase. Morphological changes were already observed at 2-MCA concentrations as low as 0.01 mM. Increased apoptosis and ammonium accumulation started at 0.1 mM thus suggesting that ammonium accumulation is secondary to cell suffering and/or cell death. Local accumulation of ammonium in CNS, that may remain undetected in plasma and urine, may therefore play a key role in the neuropathogenesis of methylmalonic aciduria both during acute decompensations and in chronic phases. If confirmed in vivo, this finding might shift the current paradigm and result in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Jafari
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Molecular Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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