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Xue Q, Li J, Qin R, Li M, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang R, Goltzman D, Miao D, Yang R. Nrf2 activation by pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits natural aging-related intervertebral disk degeneration in mice. Aging Cell 2024:e14202. [PMID: 38780001 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) involves increased oxidative damage, cellular senescence, and matrix degradation. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a water-soluble vitamin-like compound with strong anti-oxidant capacity. The goal of this study was to determine whether PQQ can prevent aging-related IVDD, and the underlying mechanism. Here, we found that dietary PQQ supplementation for 12 months alleviated IVDD phenotypes in aged mice, including increased disk height index and reduced histological scores and cell loss, without toxicity. Mechanistically, PQQ inhibited oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of aged mice. Similarly, PQQ protected against interleukin-1β-induced matrix degradation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and senescence in human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vitro. Molecular docking predicted and biochemical assays validated that PQQ interacts with specific residues to dissociate the Keap1-Nrf2 complex, thereby increasing nuclear Nrf2 translocation and activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling. RNA sequencing and luciferase assays revealed Nrf2 can transcriptionally upregulate Wnt5a by binding to its promoter, while Wnt5a knockdown prevented PQQ inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in NPCs. Notably, PQQ supplementation failed to alleviate aging-associated IVDD phenotypes and oxidative stress in aged Nrf2 knockout mice, indicating Nrf2 is indispensable for PQQ bioactivities. Collectively, this study demonstrates Nrf2 activation by PQQ inhibits aging-induced IVDD by attenuating cellular senescence and matrix degradation. This study clarifies Keap1-Nrf2-Wnt5a axis as the novel signaling underlying the protective effects of PQQ against aging-related IVDD, and provides evidence for PQQ as a potential agent for clinical prevention and treatment of natural aging-induced IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renlei Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Mizuno S, Vadala G, Kang JD. Biological Therapeutic Modalities for Intervertebral Disc Diseases: An Orthoregeneration Network (ON) Foundation Review. Arthroscopy 2024; 40:1019-1030. [PMID: 37918699 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthoregeneration is defined as a solution for orthopaedic conditions that harnesses the benefits of biology to improve healing, reduce pain, improve function, and, optimally, provide an environment for tissue regeneration. Options include drugs, surgical intervention, scaffolds, biologics as a product of cells, and physical and electromagnetic stimuli. The goal of regenerative medicine is to enhance the healing of tissue after musculoskeletal injuries as both isolated treatment and adjunct to surgical management, using novel therapies to improve recovery and outcomes. Various orthopaedic biologics (orthobiologics) have been investigated for the treatment of pathology involving the spine, including lower back pain, with or without numbness and/or dysfunction in the lower extremities, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Promising and established treatment modalities include repair of the annulus fibrosis, injection of expanded or nonexpanded autologous or allogenic cells that are chondrogenic or from a stem cell lineage used to promote matrix tissue regeneration of the intervertebral disc, including nucleus pulpous cells and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, or adipose tissue; and injection of platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, or fibrin sealant. Early clinical studies show promise for pain reduction and functional recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A..
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Novais EJ, Narayanan R, Canseco JA, van de Wetering K, Kepler CK, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Risbud MV. A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification-from bench to bedside. Bone Res 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38253615 PMCID: PMC10803356 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis, ectopic calcification, herniation, or mixed phenotypes. Amongst these phenotypes, disc calcification is the least studied. Ectopic calcification, by definition, is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues, widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature, skin, and cartilage. Clinically, disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative treatment. It is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics: hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation; TNAP, ENPP1, and ANK upregulation; cell death; altered Pi and PPi homeostasis; and local inflammation. Recent studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenotype. It is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF, NP, and EP compartments. Moreover, the combination of anatomic location, genetics, and environmental stressors, such as aging or trauma, govern the predisposition to calcification. Lastly, the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis, along with disc cell death and differentiation status. While there is limited understanding of this phenotype, understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano, Orthopedic Department, Santiago do Cacém, Portugal
| | - Rajkishen Narayanan
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yılmaz D, Mathavan N, Wehrle E, Kuhn GA, Müller R. Mouse models of accelerated aging in musculoskeletal research for assessing frailty, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis - A review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102118. [PMID: 37935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging encompasses the decline in bone and muscle function, leading to conditions such as frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms and developing effective treatments are crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected. In this context, accelerated aging models offer valuable insights into these conditions by displaying the hallmarks of human aging. Herein, this review focuses on relevant mouse models of musculoskeletal aging with particular emphasis on frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Among the discussed models, PolgA mice in particular exhibit hallmarks of musculoskeletal aging, presenting early-onset frailty, as well as reduced bone and muscle mass that closely resemble human musculoskeletal aging. Ultimately, findings from these models hold promise for advancing interventions targeted at age-related musculoskeletal disorders, effectively addressing the challenges posed by musculoskeletal aging and associated conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Yılmaz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 38040675 PMCID: PMC10692240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouye Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang Z, Hu X, Cui P, Kong C, Chen X, Wang W, Lu S. Progress in understanding the role of cGAS-STING pathway associated with programmed cell death in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:377. [PMID: 37845198 PMCID: PMC10579269 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) inflammatory response can induce intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by causing anabolic and catabolic disequilibrium of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This process is accompanied by the production of endogenous DNAs, then detectable by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). cGAS recognizes these DNAs and activates the downstream adaptor protein, a stimulator of interferon genes (STING), initiating a cascade of inflammation responses through various cytokines. This evidence implies a crucial role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in IVDD. Additionally, it is suggested that this pathway could modulate IVDD progression by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. However, a detailed understanding of the role of cGAS-STING pathway in IVDD is still lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in our understanding of the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in modulating inflammatory response in IVDD. We delve into the connection between the cGAS-STING axis and apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in IVDD. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in IVDD treatment. Overall, this review aims to provide a foundation for future directions in IVDD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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7
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Xu J, Shao T, Lou J, Zhang J, Xia C. Aging, cell senescence, the pathogenesis and targeted therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172920. [PMID: 37214476 PMCID: PMC10196014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) refers to the aging and degenerative diseases of intervertebral disc components such as nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate, and is the main cause of chronic low back pain. Over the past few years, many researchers around the world concerned that the degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells plays the main role in IVDD. The degeneration of NP cells is caused by a series of pathological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, abnormal proliferation, and autophagy. Interestingly, many studies have found a close relationship between the senescence of NP cells and the progression of NP degeneration. The classical aging pathways also have been confirmed to be involved in the pathological process of IVDD. Moreover, several anti-aging drugs have been used to treat IVDD by inhibiting NP cells senescence, such as proanthocyanidins, resveratrol and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Therefore, this article will systematically list and discuss aging, cell senescence, the pathogenesis and targeted therapies of IVDD, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of IVDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongnan Xu
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Shao
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Lou
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Xia
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Silwal P, Nguyen-Thai AM, Mohammad HA, Wang Y, Robbins PD, Lee JY, Vo NV. Cellular Senescence in Intervertebral Disc Aging and Degeneration: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:686. [PMID: 37189433 PMCID: PMC10135543 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Closely associated with aging and age-related disorders, cellular senescence (CS) is the inability of cells to proliferate due to accumulated unrepaired cellular damage and irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells are characterized by their senescence-associated secretory phenotype that overproduces inflammatory and catabolic factors that hamper normal tissue homeostasis. Chronic accumulation of senescent cells is thought to be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in an aging population. This IDD is one of the largest age-dependent chronic disorders, often associated with neurological dysfunctions such as, low back pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Senescent cells (SnCs) increase in number in the aged, degenerated discs, and have a causative role in driving age-related IDD. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the role of CS on onset and progression of age-related IDD. The discussion includes molecular pathways involved in CS such as p53-p21CIP1, p16INK4a, NF-κB, and MAPK, and the potential therapeutic value of targeting these pathways. We propose several mechanisms of CS in IDD including mechanical stress, oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, nutritional deprivation, and inflammatory stress. There are still large knowledge gaps in disc CS research, an understanding of which will provide opportunities to develop therapeutic interventions to treat age-related IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Silwal
- Ferguson Laboratory for Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Allison M. Nguyen-Thai
- Ferguson Laboratory for Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haneef Ahamed Mohammad
- Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yanshan Wang
- Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Institute of the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joon Y. Lee
- Ferguson Laboratory for Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Liang T, Gao B, Zhou J, Qiu X, Qiu J, Chen T, Liang Y, Gao W, Qiu X, Lin Y. Constructing intervertebral disc degeneration animal model: A review of current models. Front Surg 2023; 9:1089244. [PMID: 36969323 PMCID: PMC10036602 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1089244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the top disorders that leads to disability and affects disability-adjusted life years (DALY) globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and subsequent discogenic pain composed major causes of low back pain. Recent studies have identified several important risk factors contributing to IDD's development, such as inflammation, mechanical imbalance, and aging. Based on these etiology findings, three categories of animal models for inducing IDD are developed: the damage-induced model, the mechanical model, and the spontaneous model. These models are essential measures in studying the natural history of IDD and finding the possible therapeutic target against IDD. In this review, we will discuss the technical details of these models, the duration between model establishment, the occurrence of observable degeneration, and the potential in different study ranges. In promoting future research for IDD, each animal model should examine its concordance with natural IDD pathogenesis in humans. We hope this review can enhance the understanding and proper use of multiple animal models, which may attract more attention to this disease and contribute to translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taiqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Operating Theater, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xuemei Qiu Youxi Lin
| | - Youxi Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xuemei Qiu Youxi Lin
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10
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Yurube T, Takeoka Y, Kanda Y, Ryosuke K, Kakutani K. Intervertebral disc cell fate during aging and degeneration: apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL (NASSJ) 2023; 14:100210. [PMID: 37090223 PMCID: PMC10113901 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Degenerative disc disease, a major cause of low back pain and associated neurological symptoms, is a global health problem with the high morbidity, workforce loss, and socioeconomic burden. The present surgical strategy of disc resection and/or spinal fusion results in the functional loss of load, shock absorption, and movement; therefore, the development of new biological therapies is demanded. This achievement requires the understanding of intervertebral disc cell fate during aging and degeneration. Methods Literature review was performed to clarify the current concepts and future perspectives of disc cell fate, focused on apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Results The intervertebral disc has a complex structure with the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and cartilage endplates. While the AF arises from the mesenchyme, the NP originates from the notochord. Human disc NP notochordal phenotype disappears in adolescence, accompanied with cell death induction and chondrocyte proliferation. Discs morphologically and biochemically degenerate from early childhood as well, thereby suggesting a possible involvement of cell fate including age-related phenotypic changes in the disease process. As the disc is the largest avascular organ in the body, nutrient deprivation is a suspected contributor to degeneration. During aging and degeneration, disc cells undergo senescence, irreversible growth arrest, producing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix-degradative enzymes. Excessive stress ultimately leads to programmed cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Autophagy, the intracellular degradation and recycling system, plays a role in maintaining cell homeostasis. While the incidence of apoptosis and senescence increases with age and degeneration severity, autophagy can be activated earlier, in response to limited nutrition and inflammation, but impaired in aged, degenerated discs. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a signal integrator to determine disc cell fate. Conclusions Cell fate and microenvironmental regulation by modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is a potential biological treatment for degenerative disc disease.
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Li Z, Yang H, Hai Y, Cheng Y. Regulatory Effect of Inflammatory Mediators in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6210885. [PMID: 37101594 PMCID: PMC10125773 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6210885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to back, neck, and radicular pain. It is related to changes in tissue structure and function, including the breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), aging, apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus, and biomechanical tissue impairment. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in IDD, and they are being explored as potential treatment targets for IDD and associated disorders. For example, interleukins (IL), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines, and inflammasomes have all been linked to the pathophysiology of IDD. These inflammatory mediators are found in high concentrations in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues and cells and are associated with the severity of LBP and IDD. It is feasible to reduce the production of these proinflammatory mediators and develop a novel therapy for IDD, which will be a hotspot of future research. In this review, the effects of inflammatory mediators in IDD were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yunzhong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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12
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Poletto DL, Crowley JD, Tanglay O, Walsh WR, Pelletier MH. Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review. JOR Spine 2022; 6:e1234. [PMID: 36994459 PMCID: PMC10041387 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a widely recognized cause of lower back pain, is the leading cause of disability worldwide. A myriad of preclinical in vivo animal models of IVDD have been described in the literature. There is a need for critical evaluation of these models to better inform researchers and clinicians to optimize study design and ultimately, enhance experimental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to conduct an extensive systematic literature review to report the variability of animal species, IVDD induction method, and experimental timepoints and endpoints used in in vivo IVDD preclinical research. A systematic literature review of peer-reviewed manuscripts featured on PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported an in vivo animal model of IVDD and included details of the species used, how disc degeneration was induced, and the experimental endpoints used for analysis. Two-hundred and fifty-nine (259) studies were reviewed. The most common species, IVDD induction method and experimental endpoint used was rodents(140/259, 54.05%), surgery (168/259, 64.86%) and histology (217/259, 83.78%), respectively. Experimental timepoint varied greatly between studies, ranging from 1 week (dog and rodent models), to >104 weeks in dog, horse, monkey, rabbit, and sheep models. The two most common timepoints used across all species were 4 weeks (49 manuscripts) and 12 weeks (44 manuscripts). A comprehensive discussion of the species, methods of IVDD induction and experimental endpoints is presented. There was great variability across all categories: animal species, method of IVDD induction, timepoints and experimental endpoints. While no animal model can replicate the human scenario, the most appropriate model should be selected in line with the study objectives to optimize experimental design, outcomes and improve comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Poletto
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - James D. Crowley
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - William R. Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - Matthew H. Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
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13
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Peng P, Wang D, Xu X, Wang D, Gao B, Wang H, Jia H, Shang Q, Zheng C, Gao C, Mao J, Luo Z, Yang L, Hu X. Targeting clock-controlled gene Nrf2 ameliorates inflammation-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:181. [PMID: 35922862 PMCID: PMC9347076 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc (IVD) is a highly rhythmic tissue, which experiences a diurnal cycle of high/low mechanical loading via the changes of activity/rest phase. There are signs that disruption of the peripheral IVD clock is related to the process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, it is still unclear whether inflammation could disturb the IVD clock and thus induce the process of IDD. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used IL-1β, a commonly used inflammatory factor, to induce IDD and found that the IVD clock was dampened in degenerated human nucleus pulposus specimens, rat nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and cells. In this study, we found that the circadian clock of NP cells was totally disrupted by knockdown of the core clock gene brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1), which thus induced the dysfunction of NP cells. Next, we explored the mechanism of dampened clock-induced IDD and found that knockdown of Bmal1 decreased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a downstream target gene of Bmal1, and increased inflammatory response, oxidative stress reaction, and apoptosis of NP cells. In addition, NRF2 activation attenuated the dysfunction of NP cells induced by the dampened IVD clock and the degenerative process of NP tissues in an organotypic tissue-explant model. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study extends the relationship between peripheral clock and IVD homeostasis and provides a potential therapeutic method for the prevention and recovery of IDD by targeting the clock-controlled gene Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Peng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoruo Jia
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Shang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Mao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Tang SN, Walter BA, Heimann MK, Gantt CC, Khan SN, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith CC, Purmessur D. In vivo Mouse Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Models and Their Utility as Translational Models of Clinical Discogenic Back Pain: A Comparative Review. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:894651. [PMID: 35812017 PMCID: PMC9261914 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.894651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and studies have demonstrated intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration as a major risk factor. While many in vitro models have been developed and used to study IVD pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies, the etiology of IVD degeneration is a complex multifactorial process involving crosstalk of nearby tissues and systemic effects. Thus, the use of appropriate in vivo models is necessary to fully understand the associated molecular, structural, and functional changes and how they relate to pain. Mouse models have been widely adopted due to accessibility and ease of genetic manipulation compared to other animal models. Despite their small size, mice lumbar discs demonstrate significant similarities to the human IVD in terms of geometry, structure, and mechanical properties. While several different mouse models of IVD degeneration exist, greater standardization of the methods for inducing degeneration and the development of a consistent set of output measurements could allow mouse models to become a stronger tool for clinical translation. This article reviews current mouse models of IVD degeneration in the context of clinical translation and highlights a critical set of output measurements for studying disease pathology or screening regenerative therapies with an emphasis on pain phenotyping. First, we summarized and categorized these models into genetic, age-related, and mechanically induced. Then, the outcome parameters assessed in these models are compared including, molecular, cellular, functional/structural, and pain assessments for both evoked and spontaneous pain. These comparisons highlight a set of potential key parameters that can be used to validate the model and inform its utility to screen potential therapies for IVD degeneration and their translation to the human condition. As treatment of symptomatic pain is important, this review provides an emphasis on critical pain-like behavior assessments in mice and explores current behavioral assessments relevant to discogenic back pain. Overall, the specific research question was determined to be essential to identify the relevant model with histological staining, imaging, extracellular matrix composition, mechanics, and pain as critical parameters for assessing degeneration and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley N. Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mary K. Heimann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Connor C. Gantt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Safdar N. Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Candice C. Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Devina Purmessur ;
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15
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Gao B, Jiang B, Xing W, Xie Z, Luo Z, Zou W. Discovery and Application of Postnatal Nucleus Pulposus Progenitors Essential for Intervertebral Disc Homeostasis and Degeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104888. [PMID: 35195356 PMCID: PMC9069184 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and the exhaustion of NP progenitors (ProNPs). The cellular applications of NP cells during IDD are currently limited due to the lack of in vivo studies showing whether NP cells are heterogeneous and contain ProNPs throughout postnatal stages. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing of purified NP cells is used to map four molecularly defined populations and urotensin II receptor (UTS2R)-expressing postnatal ProNPs is identified, which are markedly exhausted during IDD, in mouse and human specimens. The lineage tracing shows that UTS2R+ ProNPs preferentially resides in the NP periphery with its niche factor tenascin-C and give rise to functional NP cells. It is also demonstrated that transplanting UTS2R+ ProNPs with tenascin-C into injured intervertebral discs attenuate the progression of IDD. The study provides a novel NP cell atlas, identified resident ProNPs with regenerative potential, and revealed promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Institute of Orthopaedic SurgeryXijing HospitalAir Force Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wenhui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zaiqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopaedic SurgeryXijing HospitalAir Force Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
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16
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu N, Wang J, Yao T, Xu Y, Qiao D, Gao J, Shen S, Ma J. PLK1 Mitigates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Delaying Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819262. [PMID: 35372354 PMCID: PMC8964438 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the primary cause of low back pain; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IVDD are not fully understood. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays numerous roles in the cell cycle, including in cell proliferation and senescence. To investigate the involvement of PLK1 in IVDD, we used patient tissues and an animal model of IVDD. Samples were analyzed via immunoblotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that PLK1 expression was decreased in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) of degenerative IVDs. The inhibition of PLK1 kinase activity in normal NPCs increased the expression of p53 protein, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced senescence. Our results suggest that PLK1 regulates the degeneration of the IVD through p53, revealing the function and mechanism of PLK1 in IVDD and providing a theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the potential treatment of low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nizhen Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Di Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
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17
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Yao C, Guo G, Huang R, Tang C, Zhu Q, Cheng Y, Kong L, Ren J, Fang M. Manual therapy regulates oxidative stress in aging rat lumbar intervertebral discs through the SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2400-2417. [PMID: 35289767 PMCID: PMC8954973 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing burden of a globally aging population, low back pain has become one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, caused mainly by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. There are currently several clinical methods to alleviate back pain, but there is scarce attention paid as to whether they can improve age-related IVD degeneration. It is therefore difficult to conduct an in-depth evaluation of these methods. A large number of clinical studies have shown that manual therapy (MT), a widely used comprehensive alternative method, has effects on pain, the mechanisms of which require further study. In this study, MT was performed on aging rats for 6 months, and their behaviors were compared with those of a non-intervention group of aging and young rats. After the intervention, all rats were examined by X-ray to observe lumbar spine degeneration, and the IVD tissues were dissected for detection, including pathological staining, immunofluorescence, Western bolt, etc. This study demonstrated the possibility that MT intervention delay the lumbar IVD degeneration in aging rats, specifically improving the motor function and regulating senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p53, p21, p16, and telomerase activity to retard the senescence of cells in IVDs. Moreover, MT intervention can modify oxidative stress, increase the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO1 in IVDs and decrease ac-FOXO1 expression, suggesting that MT can reduce oxidative stress through the SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway, thereby playing a role in delaying the aging of IVDs. This study shows that drug-free, non-invasive mechanical interventions could be of major significance in improving the physical function of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Guo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Ruixin Huang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Cheng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
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18
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Kim JH, Ham CH, Kwon WK. Current Knowledge and Future Therapeutic Prospects in Symptomatic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:199-210. [PMID: 35184422 PMCID: PMC8860939 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the main source of intractable lower back pain, and symptomatic IVD degeneration could be due to different degeneration mechanisms. In this article, we describe the molecular basis of symptomatic IVD degenerative disc diseases (DDDs), emphasizing the role of degeneration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation during this process. In symptomatic DDD, pro-inflammatory mediators modulate catabolic reactions, resulting in changes in ECM homeostasis and, finally, neural/vascular ingrowth-related chronic intractable discogenic pain. In ECM homeostasis, anabolic protein-regulating genes show reduced expression and changes in ECM production, while matrix metalloproteinase gene expression increases and results in aggressive ECM degradation. The resultant loss of normal IVD viscoelasticity and a concomitant change in ECM composition are key mechanisms in DDDs. During inflammation, a macrophage-related cascade is represented by the secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which induce inflammation. Aberrant angiogenesis is considered a key initiative pathologic step in symptomatic DDD. In reflection of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the hypoxic conditions of IVDs. Furthermore, IVD cells undergoing degeneration potentially enhance neovascularization by secreting large amounts of angiogenic cytokines, which penetrate the IVD from the outer annulus fibrosus, extending deep into the outer part of the nucleus pulposus. Based on current knowledge, a multi-disciplinary approach is needed in all aspects of spinal research, starting from basic research to clinical applications, as this will provide information regarding treatments for DDDs and discogenic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Han Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Ham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Chen J, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Zhao C, Wang S, Zheng Y, Xie Z, Jin Y, Song H, Yang L, Zhang J, Dai J, Hu Z, Wang H. Injectable self-healing hydrogel with siRNA delivery property for sustained STING silencing and enhanced therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:29-43. [PMID: 34820553 PMCID: PMC8586437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses of nucleus pulposus (NP) can induce imbalanced anabolism and catabolism of extracellular matrix, and the cytosolic dsDNA accumulation and STING–NF–κB pathway activation found in NP inflammation are considered as fairly important cause of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Herein, we constructed a siSTING delivery hydrogel of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (HA-CHO) and poly(amidoamine) PAMAM/siRNA complex to intervene the abnormal STING signal for IVD degeneration treatment, where the formation of dynamic Schiff base bonds in the system (siSTING@HPgel) was able to overcome the shortcomings such as low cellular uptake, short half-life, and rapid degradation of siRNA-based strategy. PAMAM not only formed complexes with siRNA to promote siRNA transfection, but also served as dynamic crosslinker to construct hydrogel, and the injectable and self-healing hydrogel efficiently and steadily silenced STING expression in NP cells. Finally, the siSTING@HPgel significantly eased IVD inflammation and slowed IVD degeneration by prolonging STING knockdown in puncture-induced IVD degeneration rat model, revealing that STING pathway was a therapeutic target for IVD degeneration and such novel hydrogel had great potential for being applied to many other diseases for gene delivery. STING-NF-κB pathway activation was identified an important cause of intervertebral disc degeneration. PAMAM was employed as both linker and gene vector for siRNA delivery. The injectable self-healing hydrogel could significantly ease the IVD inflammation and degeneration by prolonging STING knockdown. This novel hydrogel system opened new ways of thinking and had great potential for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Honghai Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Jiayong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
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20
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Novais EJ, Tran VA, Johnston SN, Darris KR, Roupas AJ, Sessions GA, Shapiro IM, Diekman BO, Risbud MV. Long-term treatment with senolytic drugs Dasatinib and Quercetin ameliorates age-dependent intervertebral disc degeneration in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5213. [PMID: 34480023 PMCID: PMC8417260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is highly prevalent within the elderly population and is a leading cause of chronic back pain and disability. Due to the link between disc degeneration and senescence, we explored the ability of the Dasatinib and Quercetin drug combination (D + Q) to prevent an age-dependent progression of disc degeneration in mice. We treated C57BL/6 mice beginning at 6, 14, and 18 months of age, and analyzed them at 23 months of age. Interestingly, 6- and 14-month D + Q cohorts show lower incidences of degeneration, and the treatment results in a significant decrease in senescence markers p16INK4a, p19ARF, and SASP molecules IL-6 and MMP13. Treatment also preserves cell viability, phenotype, and matrix content. Although transcriptomic analysis shows disc compartment-specific effects of the treatment, cell death and cytokine response pathways are commonly modulated across tissue types. Results suggest that senolytics may provide an attractive strategy to mitigating age-dependent disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J. Novais
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Victoria A. Tran
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shira N. Johnston
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kayla R. Darris
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Alex J. Roupas
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Garrett A. Sessions
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Irving M. Shapiro
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brian O. Diekman
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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21
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Ashraf S, Santerre P, Kandel R. Induced senescence of healthy nucleus pulposus cells is mediated by paracrine signaling from TNF-α-activated cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21795. [PMID: 34403508 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002201r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is an irreversible process associated with accumulation of senescent nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. This study investigates the hypothesis that Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated senescent NP cells propagate senescence of neighboring healthy cells via a paracrine effect that involves p-Stat3 signaling and the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). NP cells isolated from bovine caudal intervertebral disc (IVD) were treated with TNF-α to induce senescence which was confirmed by demonstrating upregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16. This was correlated with downregulation of NP-associated markers, Aggrecan, Col2A1, and Sox9. Direct contact and non-contact co-culture of healthy and senescent cells showed that TNF-α-treated cells increased the senescence in healthy cells via a paracrine effect. The senescent cells have a secretory phenotype as indicated by increased gene and protein levels of IL-6. Phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (pStat3) levels were also high in treated cells and appeared to upregulate IL-6 as inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation by StatticV downregulated IL-6 mRNA expression in cells and protein levels in the culture media. All trans retinoic acid, an IL-6 inhibitor, also decreased the secretion of IL-6 and reduced the paracrine effect of senescent cells on healthy cells. Decreased pStat3 levels and inhibition of IL-6 secretion did not fully restore NP gene expression of Col2A1 but importantly, appeared to cause senescent cells to undergo apoptosis and cell death. This study demonstrated the paracrine effect of senescent NP cells which involves Stat3 and IL-6 and may explain why senescent NP cells accumulate in IVD with age. The role of pSTAT3 and IL-6 in mediating NP senescence requires further study as it may be a novel strategy for modulating the senescent-inducing effects of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ashraf
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Peng Y, Qing X, Shu H, Tian S, Yang W, Chen S, Lin H, Lv X, Zhao L, Chen X, Pu F, Huang D, Cao X, Shao Z, Yp, Zs, Xc, Yp, Yp, Xq, Hs, St, Wy, Yp, Xq, Hs, St, Hl, Xl, Lz, Xc, Fp, Sc, Yp, Xq, Hs, St, Yp, Xq, Wy, Hl, Xl, Lz, Xc, Fp, Sc, Hdh, Wy, Hl, Xl, Lz, Xc, Fp, Sc, Hdh, Zs, Xc. Proper animal experimental designs for preclinical research of biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:91-142. [PMID: 35836965 PMCID: PMC9255780 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is a vital musculoskeletal disease that impairs life quality, leads to disability and imposes heavy economic burden on the society, while it is greatly attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the existing treatments, such as medicines, chiropractic adjustments and surgery, cannot achieve ideal disc regeneration. Therefore, advanced bioactive therapies are implemented, including stem cells delivery, bioreagents administration, and implantation of biomaterials etc. Among these researches, few reported unsatisfying regenerative outcomes. However, these advanced therapies have barely achieved successful clinical translation. The main reason for the inconsistency between satisfying preclinical results and poor clinical translation may largely rely on the animal models that cannot actually simulate the human disc degeneration. The inappropriate animal model also leads to difficulties in comparing the efficacies among biomaterials in different reaches. Therefore, animal models that better simulate the clinical charateristics of human IDD should be acknowledged. In addition, in vivo regenerative outcomes should be carefully evaluated to obtain robust results. Nevertheless, many researches neglect certain critical characteristics, such as adhesive properties for biomaterials blocking annulus fibrosus defects and hyperalgesia that is closely related to the clinical manifestations, e.g., low back pain. Herein, in this review, we summarized the animal models established for IDD, and highlighted the proper models and parameters that may result in acknowledged IDD models. Then, we discussed the existing biomaterials for disc regeneration and the characteristics that should be considered for regenerating different parts of discs. Finally, well-established assays and parameters for in vivo disc regeneration are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongyang Shu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding authors: Zengwu Shao, ; Xu Cao,
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Corresponding authors: Zengwu Shao, ; Xu Cao,
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23
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Melgoza IP, Chenna SS, Tessier S, Zhang Y, Tang SY, Ohnishi T, Novais EJ, Kerr GJ, Mohanty S, Tam V, Chan WCW, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Leung VY, Brice AK, Séguin CA, Chan D, Vo N, Risbud MV, Dahia CL. Development of a standardized histopathology scoring system using machine learning algorithms for intervertebral disc degeneration in the mouse model-An ORS spine section initiative. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1164. [PMID: 34337338 PMCID: PMC8313179 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice have been increasingly used as preclinical model to elucidate mechanisms and test therapeutics for treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Several intervertebral disc (IVD) histological scoring systems have been proposed, but none exists that reliably quantitate mouse disc pathologies. Here, we report a new robust quantitative mouse IVD histopathological scoring system developed by building consensus from the spine community analyses of previous scoring systems and features noted on different mouse models of IDD. The new scoring system analyzes 14 key histopathological features from nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), endplate (EP), and AF/NP/EP interface regions. Each feature is categorized and scored; hence, the weight for quantifying the disc histopathology is equally distributed and not driven by only a few features. We tested the new histopathological scoring criteria using images of lumbar and coccygeal discs from different IDD models of both sexes, including genetic, needle-punctured, static compressive models, and natural aging mice spanning neonatal to old age stages. Moreover, disc sections from common histological preparation techniques and stains including H&E, SafraninO/Fast green, and FAST were analyzed to enable better cross-study comparisons. Fleiss's multi-rater agreement test shows significant agreement by both experienced and novice multiple raters for all 14 features on several mouse models and sections prepared using various histological techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of the new scoring system was validated using artificial intelligence and supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, k-means clustering, and principal component analysis. Finally, we applied the new scoring system on established disc degeneration models and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of histopathological scoring changes. Overall, the new histopathological scoring system offers the ability to quantify histological changes in mouse models of disc degeneration and regeneration with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Paola Melgoza
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research ProgramHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Srish S. Chenna
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research ProgramHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven Tessier
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Emanuel José Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Geoffrey J. Kerr
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyBone & Joint Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Wilson C. W. Chan
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Chao‐Ming Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Victor Y. Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | | | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyBone & Joint Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chitra L. Dahia
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research ProgramHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Department of Cell & Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew York CityNew YorkUSA
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24
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ASIC1 and ASIC3 mediate cellular senescence of human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells during intervertebral disc degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10703-10723. [PMID: 33824228 PMCID: PMC8064223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell approaches have become an attractive therapeutic option for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs) participate in the regeneration and homeostasis of the intervertebral disc (IVD), but the molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain to be elucidated. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) which act as key receptors for extracellular protons in central and peripheral neurons, have been implicated in IVDD where degeneration is associated with reduced microenvironmental pH. Here we show that ASIC1 and ASIC3, but not ASIC2 and ASIC4 are upregulated in human IVDs according to the degree of clinical degeneration. Subjecting IVD-derived NP-MSCs to pH 6.6 culture conditions to mimic pathological IVD changes resulted in decreased cell proliferation that was associated with cell cycle arrest and induction of senescence. Key molecular changes observed were increased expression of p53, p21, p27, p16 and Rb1. Instructively, premature senescence in NP-MSCs could be largely alleviated using ASIC inhibitors, suggesting both ASIC1 and ASIC3 act decisively upstream to activate senescence programming pathways including p53-p21/p27 and p16-Rb1 signaling. These results highlight the potential of ASIC inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for IVDD and broadly define an in vitro system that can be used to evaluate other IVDD therapies.
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25
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Han Y, Zhou C, Shen H, Tan J, Dong Q, Zhang L, McGowan SJ, Zhao J, Sowa GA, Kang JD, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Vo NN. Attenuation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated signalling mitigates age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13162. [PMID: 32567210 PMCID: PMC7406969 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that persistent DNA damage accelerates ageing of the spine, but the mechanisms behind this process are not well understood. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a protein kinase involved in the DNA damage response, which controls cell fate, including cell death. To test the role of ATM in the human intervertebral disc, we exposed human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cells directly to the DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Cisplatin-treated hNP cells exhibited rapid phosphorylation of ATM and subsequent increased NF-κB activation, aggrecanolysis, decreased total proteoglycan production and increased expression of markers of senescence, including p21, γH2 AX and SA-ß-gal. Treating cisplatin-exposed hNP cells with an ATM-specific inhibitor negated these effects. In addition, genetic reduction of ATM reduced disc cellular senescence and matrix proteoglycan loss in the progeroid Ercc1-/∆ mouse model of accelerated ageing. These findings suggest that activation of ATM signalling under persistent genotoxic stress promotes disc cellular senescence and matrix homeostatic perturbation. Thus, the ATM signalling pathway represents a therapeutic target to delay the progression of age-associated spine pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Han
- Department of Spine SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Department of Spine SurgeryShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai China
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine ResearchDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Chao‐Ming Zhou
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine ResearchDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Spine SurgeryShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai China
| | - Qing Dong
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine ResearchDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Molecular MedicineCenter on AgingThe Scripps Research Institute Jupiter Florida
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Sara J. McGowan
- Department of Molecular MedicineCenter on AgingThe Scripps Research Institute Jupiter Florida
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Molecular MedicineCenter on AgingThe Scripps Research Institute Jupiter Florida
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine ResearchDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Kang
- Department of OrthopedicsBrigham and Women's HospitalSchool of MedicineHarvard University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular MedicineCenter on AgingThe Scripps Research Institute Jupiter Florida
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Molecular MedicineCenter on AgingThe Scripps Research Institute Jupiter Florida
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Nam N. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine ResearchDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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26
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Lei C, Colangelo D, Patil P, Li V, Ngo K, Wang D, Dong Q, Yousefzadeh MJ, Lin H, Lee J, Kang J, Sowa G, Wyss-Coray T, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Huffman DM, Vo N. Influences of circulatory factors on intervertebral disc aging phenotype. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12285-12304. [PMID: 32527988 PMCID: PMC7343497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether disc aging is influenced by factors beyond its local environment is an important unresolved question. Here we performed heterochronic parabiosis in mice to study the effects of circulating factors in young and old blood on age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration. Compared to young isochronic pairs (Y-Y), young mice paired with old mice (Y-O) showed significant increases in levels of disc MMP-13 and ADAMTS4, aggrecan fragmentation, and histologic tissue degeneration, but negligible changes in cellular senescence markers (p16INK4a, p21Cip1). Compared to old isochronic pairs (O-O), old mice paired with young mice (O-Y) exhibited a significant decrease in expression of cellular senescence markers (p16, p21, p53), but only marginal decreases in the levels of disc MMP-13 and ADAMTS4, aggrecan fragmentation, and histologic degeneration. Thus, exposing old mice to young blood circulation greatly suppressed disc cellular senescence, but only slightly decreased disc matrix imbalance and degeneration. Conversely, exposing young mice to old blood accelerated their disc matrix imbalance and tissue degeneration, with little effects on disc cellular senescence. Thus, non-cell autonomous effects of circulating factors on disc cellular senescence and matrix homeostasis are complex and suggest that disc matrix homeostasis is modulated by systemic factors and not solely through local disc cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong 510630, China.,Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Debora Colangelo
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33410, USA
| | - Prashanti Patil
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vivian Li
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kevin Ngo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qing Dong
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Joon Lee
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nam Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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27
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Hu S, Shao Z, Zhang C, Chen L, Mamun AA, Zhao N, Cai J, Lou Z, Wang X, Chen J. Chemerin facilitates intervertebral disc degeneration via TLR4 and CMKLR1 and activation of NF-kB signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11732-11753. [PMID: 32526705 PMCID: PMC7343479 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Now days, obesity is a major risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, adipokine, such as chemerin is a novel cytokine, which is secreted by adipose tissue, and are thought to be played major roles in various degenerative diseases. Obese individuals are known to have high concentration of serum chemerin. Our purpose was to study whether chemerin acts as a biochemical relationship between obesity, and IDD. In this study, we found that the expression level of chemerin was significantly increased in the human degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and had higher level in the obese people than the normal people. Chemerin significantly increased the inflammatory mediator level, contributing to ECM degradation in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Furthermore, chemerin overexpression aggravates the puncture-induced IVDD progression in rats, while knockdown CMKLR1 reverses IVDD progression. Chemerin activates the NF-kB signaling pathway via its receptors CMKLR1, and TLR4 to release inflammatory mediators, which cause matrix degradation, and cell aging. These findings generally provide novel evidence supporting the causative role of obesity in IDD, which is essentially important to literally develop novel preventative or generally therapeutic treatment in the disc degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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ATM is a key driver of NF-κB-dependent DNA-damage-induced senescence, stem cell dysfunction and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4688-4710. [PMID: 32201398 PMCID: PMC7138542 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB is a transcription factor activated in response to inflammatory, genotoxic and oxidative stress and important for driving senescence and aging. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a core component of DNA damage response signaling, activates NF-κB in response to genotoxic and oxidative stress via post-translational modifications. Here we demonstrate that ATM is activated in senescent cells in culture and murine tissues from Ercc1-deficient mouse models of accelerated aging, as well as naturally aged mice. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ATM reduced activation of NF-κB and markers of senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in senescent Ercc1-/- MEFs. Ercc1-/Δ mice heterozygous for Atm have reduced NF-κB activity and cellular senescence, improved function of muscle-derived stem/progenetor cells (MDSPCs) and extended healthspan with reduced age-related pathology especially age-related bone and intervertebral disc pathologies. In addition, treatment of Ercc1-/∆ mice with the ATM inhibitor KU-55933 suppressed markers of senescence and SASP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ATM kinase is a major mediator of DNA damage-induced, NF-κB-mediated cellular senescence, stem cell dysfunction and aging and thus represents a therapeutic target to slow the progression of aging.
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Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Saito T. Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1076. [PMID: 32211588 PMCID: PMC7084053 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to low back pain, which is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of IDD, fundamental and long-lasting treatments for IDD are still lacking. With increased understanding of the complex pathomechanism of IDD, alternative strategies for treating IDD can be discovered. A brief overview of the prevalence and epidemiologic risk factors of IDD is provided in this review, followed by the descriptions of anatomic, cellular, and molecular structure of the intervertebral disc as well as the molecular pathophysiology of IDD. Finally, the recent findings of intervertebral disc progenitors are reviewed and the future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Oichi
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An experimental laboratory study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in a murine model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), namely nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA IDD is a leading contributor of low back pain, which represents one of the most disabling symptoms within the adult population. DM is a chronic metabolic disease currently affecting one in 10 adults in the United States. It is associated with an increased risk of developing IDD, but the underlying process remains poorly understood. METHODS Total disc glycosaminoglycan content, proteoglycan synthesis, aggrecan fragmentation, glucose transporter gene expression, and apoptosis were assessed in NOD mice and wild-type euglycemic control mice. Spinal structural and molecular changes were analyzed by micro-computed tomography, histological staining (Safranin-O and fast green), and quantitative immunofluorescence (anti-ADAMTS-4 and -5 antibodies). RESULTS Compared with euglycemic controls, NOD mice showed increased disc apoptosis and matrix aggrecan fragmentation. Disc glycosaminoglycan content and histological features of NOD mice did not significantly differ from those of euglycemic littermates. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that DM may contribute to IDD by increasing aggrecan degradation and promoting cell apoptosis, which may represent early indicators of the involvement of DM in the pathogenesis of IDD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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31
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Yousefzadeh MJ, Melos KI, Angelini L, Burd CE, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Mouse Models of Accelerated Cellular Senescence. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1896:203-230. [PMID: 30474850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8931-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues as virtually all vertebrate organisms age. Senescence is a highly conserved response to many forms of cellular stress intended to block the propagation of damaged cells. Senescent cells have been demonstrated to play a causal role in aging via their senescence-associated secretory phenotype and by impeding tissue regeneration. Depletion of senescent cells either through genetic or pharmacologic methods has been demonstrated to extend murine lifespan and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Measuring the burden and location of senescent cells in vivo remains challenging, as there is no marker unique to senescent cells. Here, we describe multiple methods to detect the presence and extent of cellular senescence in preclinical models, with a special emphasis on murine models of accelerated aging that exhibit a more rapid onset of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kendra I Melos
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Luise Angelini
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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32
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Hambright WS, Niedernhofer LJ, Huard J, Robbins PD. Murine models of accelerated aging and musculoskeletal disease. Bone 2019; 125:122-127. [PMID: 30844492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary risk factor for most musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is aging. To treat the diverse types of musculoskeletal diseases and pathologies, targeting their root cause, the aging process itself, has the potential to slow or prevent multiple age-related musculoskeletal conditions simultaneously. However, the development of approaches to delay onset of age related diseases, including musculoskeletal pathologies, has been slowed by the relatively long lifespan of rodent models of aging. Thus, to expedite the development of therapeutic approaches for age-related musculoskeletal disease, the implementation of mouse models of accelerated musculoskeletal aging are of great utility. Currently there are multiple genetically diverse mouse models that mirror certain aspects of normal human and mouse aging. Here, we provide a review of some of the most relevant murine models of accelerated aging that mimic many aspects of natural musculoskeletal aging, highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. Importantly, these murine models of accelerated aging recapitulate phenotypes of musculoskeletal age-related decline observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Hambright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, United States of America.
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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33
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Flores RR, Carbo L, Kim E, Van Meter M, De Padilla CML, Zhao J, Colangelo D, Yousefzadeh MJ, Angelini LA, Zhang L, Pola E, Vo N, Evans CH, Gambotto A, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Adenoviral gene transfer of a single-chain IL-23 induces psoriatic arthritis-like symptoms in NOD mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:9505-9515. [PMID: 31170010 PMCID: PMC6662986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900420r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that intratumoral delivery of adenoviral vector encoding single-chain (sc)IL-23 (Ad.scIL-23) was able to induce systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we examined the role of IL-23 in diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Intravenous delivery of Ad.scIL-23 did not accelerate the onset of hyperglycemia but instead resulted in the development of psoriatic arthritis. Ad.scIL-23-treated mice developed erythema, scales, and thickening of the skin, as well as intervertebral disc degeneration and extensive synovial hypertrophy and loss of articular cartilage in the knees. Immunological analysis revealed activation of conventional T helper type 17 cells and IL-17-producing γδ T cells along with a significant depletion and suppression of T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody reduced joint and skin psoriatic arthritis pathologies. Thus, these Ad.scIL-23-treated mice represent a physiologically relevant model of psoriatic arthritis for understanding disease progression and for testing therapeutic approaches.-Flores, R. R., Carbo, L., Kim, E., Van Meter, M., De Padilla, C. M. L., Zhao, J., Colangelo, D., Yousefzadeh, M. J., Angelini, L. A., Zhang, L., Pola, E., Vo, N., Evans, C. H., Gambotto, A., Niedernhofer, L. J., Robbins, P. D. Adenoviral gene transfer of a single-chain IL-23 induces psoriatic arthritis-like symptoms in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Lana Carbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Montina Van Meter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Debora Colangelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Yousefzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Luise A. Angelini
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enrico Pola
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Xu X, Wang D, Zheng C, Gao B, Fan J, Cheng P, Liu B, Yang L, Luo Z. Progerin accumulation in nucleus pulposus cells impairs mitochondrial function and induces intervertebral disc degeneration and therapeutic effects of sulforaphane. Theranostics 2019; 9:2252-2267. [PMID: 31149042 PMCID: PMC6531300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progerin, a truncated unprocessed lamin A protein, causes tissue aging and degeneration. In this study we explored the role of progerin in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We also examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on progerin accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IDD. Methods: The role of progerin in IDD was explored using human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, rat NP cells, and Lmna G609G knock-in mice. Immunostaining, X-ray imaging, and Western blotting were performed to assess the phenotypes of intervertebral discs. Alterations in senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by SA-β-galactosidase, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Mitochondrial function was investigated by JC-1 staining, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the level of ATP and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes. Results: The progerin level was elevated in degenerated human NP tissues. Lmna G609G/G609G mice displayed IDD, as evidenced by increased matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression and decreased collagen II and aggrecan expression and disc height. Furthermore, progerin overexpression in rat NP cells induced mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes), morphologic abnormalities, and disrupted mitochondrial dynamic (abnormal expression of proteins involved in fission and fusion), resulting in apoptosis and senescence. SFN ameliorated the progerin-induced aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in NP cells and IDD in Lmna G609G/G609G mice. Conclusions: Progerin is involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. Also, SFN alleviates progerin‑induced IDD, which is associated with amelioration of aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, SFN shows promise for the treatment of IDD.
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Xiao L, Majumdar R, Dai J, Li Y, Xie L, Shen FH, Jin L, Li X. Molecular Detection and Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via a Collagen Hybridizing Peptide. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1661-1667. [PMID: 31788555 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During aging, wear, and tear of intervertebral discs, human discs undergo a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, e.g., collagen, arises as an important contributor and accelerator in this process. Existing methods to detect collagen degradation at the tissue level include histology and immunohistochemistry. Unfortunately, most of these methods only depict overall collagen content without the ability to specifically discern degraded collagen and to assess the severity of degeneration. To fill this technological gap, we developed a robust and simple approach to detect and assess early disc degeneration with a collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) that hybridizes with the flawed triple helix structure in degraded collagen. Intriguingly, the CHP signal in mouse lumbar discs exhibited a linear incremental pattern with age. This finding was corroborated with histological analysis based on established methods. When comparing this analysis, a positive linear correlation was found between CHP fluorescence intensity and the histological score with a regression value of r 2 = 0.9478. In degenerative mouse discs elicited by pro-inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β and LPS) ex vivo, the newly developed approach empowered prediction of the severity of disc degeneration. We further demonstrated higher CHP signals in a degenerative human disc tissue when compared to a normal sample. These findings also resonated with histological analysis. This approach lays a solid foundation for specific detection and assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration at the molecular level and will promote development of future disc regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Rahul Majumdar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jinan District, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Francis H Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 135 Hospital Drive, Cobb Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Novais EJ, Diekman BO, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. p16 Ink4a deletion in cells of the intervertebral disc affects their matrix homeostasis and senescence associated secretory phenotype without altering onset of senescence. Matrix Biol 2019; 82:54-70. [PMID: 30811968 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is an important contributor to chronic low back and neck pain. Although many environmental and genetic factors are known to contribute to disc degeneration, age is still the most significant risk factor. Recent studies have shown that senescence may play a role in age-related disc degeneration and matrix catabolism in humans and mouse models. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells reduces the degenerative phenotype in many age-associated diseases. Whether p16Ink4a plays a functional role in intervertebral disc degeneration and senescence is unknown. We first characterized the senescence status of discs in young and old mice. Quantitative histology, gene expression and a novel p16tdTom reporter mice showed an increase in p16Ink4a, p21 and IL-6, with a decrease in Ki67 with aging. Accordingly, we studied the spinal-phenotype of 18-month-old mice with conditional deletion of p16Ink4a in the disc driven by Acan-CreERT2 (cKO). The analyses of discs of cKO and age-matched control mice showed little change in cell morphology and tissue architecture. The cKO mice exhibited changes in functional attributes of aggrecan as well as in collagen composition of the intervertebral disc. While cKO discs exhibited a small decrease in TUNEL positive cells, lineage tracing experiments using ZsGreen reporter indicated that the overall changes in cell fate or numbers were minimal. The cKO mice maintained expression of NP-cell phenotypic markers CA3, Krt19 and GLUT-1. Moreover, in cKO discs, levels of p19Arf and RB were higher without alterations in Ki67, γH2AX, CDK4 and Lipofuscin deposition. Interestingly, the cKO discs showed lower levels of SASP markers, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1 and TGF-β1. These results show that while, p16Ink4a is dispensable for induction and maintenance of senescence, conditional loss of p16Ink4a reduces apoptosis, limits the SASP phenotype and alters matrix homeostasis of disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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Patil P, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Lee J, Sowa G, Vo N. Cellular senescence in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:180-190. [PMID: 30473991 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-018-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Age is a major risk factor for multiple disease pathologies, including chronic back pain, which stems from age-related degenerative changes to intervertebral disc tissue. Growing evidence suggest that the change in phenotype of disc cells to a senescent phenotype may be one of the major driving forces of age-associated disc degeneration. This review discusses the known stressors that promote development of senescence in disc tissue and the underlying molecular mechanisms disc cells adopt to enable their transition to a senescent phenotype. Recent findings Increased number of senescent cells have been observed with advancing age and degeneration in disc tissue. Additionally, in vitro studies have confirmed the catabolic nature of stress-induced senescent disc cells. Several factors have been shown to establish senescence via multiple different underlying mechanisms. Summary Cellular senescence can serve as a therapeutic target to combat age-associated disc degeneration. However, whether the different stressors utilizing different signaling networks establish different kinds of senescent types in disc cells is currently unknown and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Patil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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38
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Sharma K, Darvas M, Keene CD, Niedernhofer LJ, Ladiges W. Modeling Alzheimer's disease in progeria mice. An age-related concept. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2018; 8:1524815. [PMID: 30319737 PMCID: PMC6179061 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2018.1524815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to dramatically increase in older people worldwide. Efforts to find disease-modifying treatments have been largely unsuccessful because of the focus on disease-specific pathogenesis, and lack of animal models to study AD in the context of aging and age-related co-morbidities. The geroscience approach to studying AD would suggest that modulation of aging per se would be a useful strategy, but a mammalian model system that combines both aging and AD is not available. One approach to study old age and AD is to utilize murine models of progeroid syndrome, which can provide a number of advantages not only for basic aging biology but also for preclinical drug testing. A progeria background, such as the Ercc1 mutant mouse (Ercc1−/Δ), provides an aging component not seen in current murine models of AD that lack age-related co-morbidities typical of AD patients. Ercc1−/Δ mice experience the same types of stochastic endogenous DNA damage as WT mice, but accumulate lesions faster due to impaired DNA repair, which accelerates the normal aging process by 6-fold. These mice do not show frank AD pathology but represent a predisposed or hypersensitive environment for AD pathology, where pathogenic elements of AD can be introduced, either by crossing with well-established AD transgenic mouse lines, or transcranial stereotaxic delivery directly into the brain. Since Ercc1−/Δ mice age five to six times faster than WT mice, very rapid characterization and testing of therapeutic interventions is possible. Studies are urgently needed to capitalize on the highly informative potential of this novel AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Sharma
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Rider SM, Mizuno S, Kang JD. Molecular Mechanisms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Spine Surg Relat Res 2018; 3:1-11. [PMID: 31435545 PMCID: PMC6690117 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a well-known cause of disability, the result of which includes neck and back pain with associated mobility limitations. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the known molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs as a result of complex interactions of exogenous and endogenous stressors. This review will focus on some of the identified molecular changes leading to the deterioration of the extracellular matrix of both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. In addition, we will provide a summation of our current knowledge supporting the role of associated DNA and intracellular damage, cellular senescence's catabolic effects, oxidative stress, and the cell's inappropriate response to damage in contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs provides us with abundant insight into how physical and chemical changes exacerbate the degenerative process of the entire spine. Furthermore, we will describe some of the related molecular targets and therapies that may contribute to intervertebral repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Rider
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Wang X, Zou M, Li J, Wang B, Zhang Q, Liu F, Lü G. LncRNA H19 targets miR-22 to modulate H 2 O 2 -induced deregulation in nucleus pulposus cell senescence, proliferation, and ECM synthesis through Wnt signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29520849 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to low back pain. During IDD progression, ROS can be produced in the form of H2 O2 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in response to elevated cytokines, leading to subsequent alternations of cell fate and metabolic processes. Genetic factors are considered as main contributors to IDD pathopoiesis. Herein, we investigated the detailed function and mechanism of H19, one of the most up-regulated lncRNAs in IDD specimens, in H2 O2 -induced cell senescence model in NPCs. H19 could accelerate H2 O2 -induced degenerative changes by promoting cell senescence, increasing ADAMTS-5 and MMPs protein levels and Collagen I content, as well as suppressing NPC proliferation through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, miR-22, a direct target of H19, could bind to the 3'UTR of LEF1 to inhibit its expression and reverse the effect of H19 on NPCs, thus inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, H19 acts as a ceRNA to compete with LEF1 for miR-22, thus modulating downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling in NPCs; H19/miR-22/LEF1 might be a novel target for improving H2 O2 -induced NPC senescence and treatment for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Lü
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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41
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Han YC, Ma B, Guo S, Yang M, Li LJ, Wang SJ, Tan J. Leptin regulates disc cartilage endplate degeneration and ossification through activation of the MAPK-ERK signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2098-2109. [PMID: 29372627 PMCID: PMC5867127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrate that leptin plays a significant role in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which leptin acts on cartilage endplate (CEP) cells to give rise to calcification are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of leptin that induced mineralization of CEP cells in vitro and in vivo. We constructed a rat model of lumbar disc degeneration and determined that leptin was highly expressed in the presence of CEP calcification. Rat CEP cells treated with or without leptin were used for in vitro analysis using RT‐PCR and Western blotting to examine the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Both OCN and Runx2 expression levels were significantly increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Leptin activated ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner. Inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 using targeted siRNA suppressed leptin‐induced OCN and Runx2 expression and blocked the formation of mineralized nodules in CEP cells. We further demonstrated that exogenous leptin induced matrix mineralization of CEP cells in vivo. We suggest that leptin promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of CEP cells via the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway and may be used to investigate the mechanisms of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Jin Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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42
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Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Tsujimoto T, Iwasaki N. Age-related spontaneous lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse model. J Orthop Res 2018. [PMID: 28631843 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration is unclear, but it is a major cause of several spinal diseases. Animal models have historically provided an appropriate benchmark for understanding the human spine. However, there is little information about when intervertebral disc degeneration begins in the mouse or regarding the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings. The aim for this study was to obtain information about age-related spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration in the mouse lumbar spine using magnetic resonance imaging and a histological score regarding when the intervertebral disc degeneration started and how rapidly it progressed, as well as how our histological score detected the degeneration. The magnetic resonance imaging index yielded a moderate correlation with our Age-related model score. The Pfirrmann grade and magnetic resonance imaging index had moderate correlations with age. However, our Age-related model score had a high correlation with age. Intervertebral disc level was not a significant variable for the severity of disc degeneration. Both Pfirrmann grade and the Age-related model score were higher in the ≥14-month-old group than in the 6-month-old group. The present results indicated that mild but significant intervertebral disc degeneration occurred in 14-month-old mice, and the degree of degeneration progressed slowly, reaching a moderate to severe condition for 22-month-old mice. At least a 14-month follow-up is mandatory for evaluating spontaneous age-related mouse intervertebral disc degeneration. The histological classification score can precisely detect the gradual progression of age-related spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration in the mouse lumbar spine, and is appropriate for evaluating it. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:224-232, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Sudo
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takeru Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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43
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Tam V, Chan WCW, Leung VYL, Cheah KSE, Cheung KMC, Sakai D, McCann MR, Bedore J, Séguin CA, Chan D. Histological and reference system for the analysis of mouse intervertebral disc. J Orthop Res 2018. [PMID: 28636254 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new scoring system based on histo-morphology of mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) was established to assess changes in different mouse models of IVD degeneration and repair. IVDs from mouse strains of different ages, transgenic mice, or models of artificially induced IVD degeneration were assessed. Morphological features consistently observed in normal, and early/later stages of degeneration were categorized into a scoring system focused on nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) changes. "Normal NP" exhibited a highly cellularized cell mass that decreased with natural ageing and in disc degeneration. "Normal AF" consisted of distinct concentric lamellar structures, which was disrupted in severe degeneration. NP/AF clefts indicated more severe changes. Consistent scores were obtained between experienced and new users. Altogether, our scoring system effectively differentiated IVD changes in various strains of wild-type and genetically modified mice and in induced models of IVD degeneration, and is applicable from the post-natal stage to the aged mouse. This scoring tool and reference resource addresses a pressing need in the field for studying IVD changes and cross-study comparisons in mice, and facilitates a means to normalize mouse IVD assessment between different laboratories. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:233-243, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wilson C W Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Matthew R McCann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jake Bedore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Cheryle A Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
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44
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Mavrogonatou E, Pratsinis H, Papadopoulou A, Karamanos NK, Kletsas D. Extracellular matrix alterations in senescent cells and their significance in tissue homeostasis. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:27-42. [PMID: 29066153 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal cells after a defined number of successive divisions or after exposure to genotoxic stresses are becoming senescent, characterized by a permanent growth arrest. In addition, they secrete increased levels of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators, collectively termed "senescence-associated secretory phenotype". Furthermore, senescent cells exhibit an altered expression and organization of many extracellular matrix components, leading to specific remodeling of their microenvironment. In this review we present the current knowledge on extracellular matrix alterations associated with cellular senescence and critically discuss certain characteristic examples, highlighting the ambiguous role of senescent cells in the homeostasis of various tissues under both normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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45
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ADAMTS5 Deficiency Protects Mice From Chronic Tobacco Smoking-induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017; 42:1521-1528. [PMID: 28570296 PMCID: PMC5633483 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN ADAMTS5-deficient and wild type (WT) mice were chronically exposed to tobacco smoke to investigate effects on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate a role for ADAMTS5 in mediating tobacco smoking-induced IDD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA We previously demonstrated that chronic tobacco smoking causes IDD in mice because, in part, of proteolytic destruction of disc aggrecan. However, it was unknown which matrix proteinase(s) drive these detrimental effects. METHODS Three-month-old WT (C57BL/6) and ADAMTS5 mice were chronically exposed to tobacco smoke (four cigarettes/day, 5 day/week for 6 months). ADAMTS-mediated cleavage of disc aggrecan was analyzed by Western blot. Disc total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was assessed by dimethyl methylene blue assay and safranin O/fast green histology. Vertebral osteoporosity was measured by microcomputed tomography. Human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cell cultures were also exposed directly to tobacco smoke extract (TSE), a condensate containing the water-soluble compounds inhaled by smokers, to measure ADAMTS5 expression and ADAMTS-mediated cleavage of aggrecan. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a family of transcription factors essential for modulating the cellular response to stress, was measured by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Genetic depletion of ADAMTS5 prevented vertebral bone loss, substantially reduced loss of disc GAG content, and completely obviated ADAMTS-mediated proteolysis of disc aggrecan within its interglobular domain (IGD) in mice following exposure to tobacco smoke. hNP cell cultures exposed to TSE also resulted in upregulation of ADAMTS5 protein expression and a concomitant increase in ADAMTS-mediated cleavage within aggrecan IGD. Activation of NF-κB, known to be required for ADAMTS5 gene expression, was observed in both TSE-treated hNP cell cultures and disc tissue of tobacco smoke-exposed mice. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that ADAMTS5 is the primary aggrecanase mediating smoking-induced disc aggrecanolysis and IDD. Mouse models of chronic tobacco smoking are important and useful for probing the mechanisms of disc aggrecan catabolism and IDD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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46
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Ngo K, Patil P, McGowan SJ, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Kang J, Sowa G, Vo N. Senescent intervertebral disc cells exhibit perturbed matrix homeostasis phenotype. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:16-23. [PMID: 28830687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging greatly increases the risk for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) as a result of proteoglycan loss due to reduced synthesis and enhanced degradation of the disc matrix proteoglycan (PG). How disc matrix PG homeostasis becomes perturbed with age is not known. The goal of this study is to determine whether cellular senescence is a source of this perturbation. We demonstrated that disc cellular senescence is dramatically increased in the DNA repair-deficient Ercc1-/Δ mouse model of human progeria. In these accelerated aging mice, increased disc cellular senescence is closely associated with the rapid loss of disc PG. We also directly examine PG homeostasis in oxidative damage-induced senescent human cells using an in vitro cell culture model system. Senescence of human disc cells treated with hydrogen peroxide was confirmed by growth arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, γH2AX foci, and acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent human disc cells also exhibited perturbed matrix PG homeostasis as evidenced by their decreased capacity to synthesize new matrix PG and enhanced degradation of aggrecan, a major matrix PG. of the disc. Our in vivo and in vitro findings altogether suggest that disc cellular senescence is an important driver of PG matrix homeostatic perturbation and PG loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ngo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prashanti Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - James Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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47
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Vo NV, Hartman RA, Patil PR, Risbud MV, Kletsas D, Iatridis JC, Hoyland JA, Le Maitre CL, Sowa GA, Kang JD. Molecular mechanisms of biological aging in intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1289-306. [PMID: 26890203 PMCID: PMC4988945 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the majority of human ailments, including spine-related chronic disability and back pain, which stem from age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Given the rapid global rise in the aging population, understanding the biology of intervertebral disc aging in order to develop effective therapeutic interventions to combat the adverse effects of aging on disc health is now imperative. Fortunately, recent advances in aging research have begun to shed light on the basic biological process of aging. Here we review some of these insights and organize the complex process of disc aging into three different phases to guide research efforts to understand the biology of disc aging. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge and the recent progress made to elucidate specific molecular mechanisms underlying disc aging. In particular, studies over the last few years have uncovered cellular senescence and genomic instability as important drivers of disc aging. Supporting evidence comes from DNA repair-deficient animal models that show increased disc cellular senescence and accelerated disc aging. Additionally, stress-induced senescent cells have now been well documented to secrete catabolic factors, which can negatively impact the physiology of neighboring cells and ECM. These along with other molecular drivers of aging are reviewed in depth to shed crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of age-related disc degeneration. We also highlight molecular targets for novel therapies and emerging candidate therapeutics that may mitigate age-associated IDD. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1289-1306, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Hartman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanti R. Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester M13 9PT and NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Musculoskeletal and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D. Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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48
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Pohl PHI, Lozito TP, Cuperman T, Yurube T, Moon HJ, Ngo K, Tuan RS, Croix CS, Sowa GA, Rodrigues LMR, Kang JD, Vo NV. Catabolic effects of endothelial cell-derived microparticles on disc cells: Implications in intervertebral disc neovascularization and degeneration. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1466-74. [PMID: 27246627 PMCID: PMC5444459 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization of intervertebral discs, a phenomenon considered pathological since normal discs are primarily avascular structures, occurs most frequently in annulus fibrosus (AF) of degenerated discs. Endothelial cells (ECs) are involved in this process, but the mechanism of the interaction between AF and endothelial cells is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects on matrix catabolic activity of AF cells by the extracellular endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and soluble protein factors (SUP fraction) produced from ECs. Passage 1 human AF cells grown in monolayer cultures were treated for 72 h with 250 µg of EMPs or SUP fraction isolated from culture of the microvascular endothelial cell line, HEMC-I. Live-cell imaging revealed uptake of EMPs by AF cells. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated increased mRNA expression of MMP-1 (50.3-fold), MMP-3 (4.5-fold) and MMP-13 (5.5-fold) in AF cell cultures treated with EMPs compared to untreated control. Western analysis also demonstrated increased MMP protein expression in EMP-treated AF cells. AF cells treated with the SUP fraction also exhibited a dramatic increase in MMP mRNA and protein expression. Increased MMP expression is primarily due to EMP or SUP stimulation of AF cells since EMPs or SUP fraction alone contained negligible amount of MMPs. Interestingly, MMP activity was elevated in AF cell cultures treated with EMPs but not with SUP. This study revealed enhanced matrix catabolism as a molecular consequence of action of ECs on AF cells via EMPs, which might be expected during neo-angiogenesis of degenerating disc. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1466-1474, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. I. Pohl
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA,Spine Surgery Group, Discipline of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, ABC Medical School (FMABC), Sao Paulo – Brazil
| | - Thomas P. Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Thais Cuperman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe – Japan
| | - Hong J. Moon
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul – Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin Ngo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Claudette St. Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh - USA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Luciano M. R. Rodrigues
- Spine Surgery Group, Discipline of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, ABC Medical School (FMABC), Sao Paulo – Brazil
| | - James D. Kang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh – USA
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49
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Feng C, Liu H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Huang B, Zhou Y. Disc cell senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration: Causes and molecular pathways. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1674-84. [PMID: 27192096 PMCID: PMC4957599 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1152433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent disc cells in degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) suggests the detrimental roles of cell senescence in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Disc cell senescence decreased the number of functional cells in IVD. Moreover, the senescent disc cells were supposed to accelerate the process of IDD via their aberrant paracrine effects by which senescent cells cause the senescence of neighboring cells and enhance the matrix catabolism and inflammation in IVD. Thus, anti-senescence has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target for IDD. However, the development of anti-senescence therapy is based on our understanding of the molecular mechanism of disc cell senescence. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanism of disc cell senescence, including the causes and various molecular pathways. We found that, during the process of IDD, age-related damages together with degenerative external stimuli activated both p53-p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways to induce disc cell senescence. Meanwhile, disc cell senescence was regulated by multiple signaling pathways, suggesting the complex regulating network of disc cell senescence. To understand the mechanism of disc cell senescence better contributes to developing the anti-senescence-based therapies for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Feng
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- a Department of Orthopedics , Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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50
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Abstract
Progeroid mouse models display phenotypes in multiple organ systems that suggest premature aging and resemble features of natural aging of both mice and humans. The prospect of a significant increase in the global elderly population within the next decades has led to the emergence of "geroscience," which aims at elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in aging. Progeroid mouse models are frequently used in geroscience as they provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the highly complex process of natural aging. This review provides an overview of the most commonly reported nonneoplastic macroscopic and microscopic pathologic findings in progeroid mouse models (eg, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, intervertebral disc degeneration, kyphosis, sarcopenia, cutaneous atrophy, wound healing, hair loss, alopecia, lymphoid atrophy, cataract, corneal endothelial dystrophy, retinal degenerative diseases, and vascular remodeling). Furthermore, several shortcomings in pathologic analysis and descriptions of these models are discussed. Progeroid mouse models are valuable models for aging, but thorough knowledge of both the mouse strain background and the progeria-related phenotype is required to guide interpretation and translation of the pathology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Harkema
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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